CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the literature and studies, both foreign and local, which are relevant

and believed to be of importance in providing sufficient background as a guide to the researcher

in conceptualizing, discussing, and interpreting the data of the study.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A battery charger, or recharger, is a device accustomed put energy into a cell or

reversible battery by forcing an electrical current through it. The charging protocol (how much

voltage or current for however long, and what to do when charging is complete, for instance)

depends on the size and kind of the battery being charged. Some battery types have high

tolerance for overcharging (i.e., continued charging when the battery has been absolutely

charged) and will be recharged by association to a relentless voltage supply or a relentless

current supply, depending on battery sort. Simple chargers of this sort should be manually

disconnected at the top of the charge cycle, and some battery types completely need, or may use

a timer, to cut off charging current at some fixed time, approximately once charging is complete.

Other battery varieties cannot face up to over-charging, being damaged (reduced capability,

reduced lifetime), over heating or even exploding. The charger may have temperature or voltage

sensing circuits and a micro chip controller to safely change the charging current and voltage,

determine the state of charge, and cut off at the top of charge.

In 1980, the Motorola DynaTAC ,which charges nickel cadmium batteries, got

popularized. To recharge the batteries of the phones back then, it took them 10 hours to fully

charge the battery. Then, the Compact Phone Charger was created years after. This is used to
power nickel metal hydride batteries, which is better than nickel cadmium batteries, for only 4

hours which makes it as a breakthrough for chargers back then. And then, the Classic Wall

Charger had been created. The wall charger is the most common type of cell phone charger. It

has a standard plug designed to fit the outlets in the country in which it was sold. This charger is

used to power batteries even LI-ion ones and with this use, it can charge batteries with an

average of only 1 hour in charging. The car charger is another very popular option. This charger

has an adapter that allows it to be plugged into a vehicle’s DC port, commonly known as a

cigarette lighter. It is especially useful for those who do a substantial amount of traveling and

need constant access to their mobile phones. A rapid charger looks very much like a wall

charger, but is a more powerful cell phone charger, able to charge phones in just a fraction of the

time it would normally take. For most models, charging a phone takes two to three hours. Rapid

chargers advertise the ability to charge the phone in less than an hour, in many cases. Instant

chargers are really one-time, non-replaceable batteries. They usually do not replace the installed

battery, but rather connect to the phone just like a normal charger would. These are useful in

emergency situations when a cell phone battery is low or dead. The job of this type of charger is

simply to transfer current from one battery to the next. In the late 90’s, the USB cable first

appeared, where it can charge phones and transfer data easily. But, the average charging time of

this kind is 3 hours, slower than the classic charger. By the year 2007, Gotwind, UK wind

turbine specialists, have come up with an idea of wind powered charger. The Orange wind

charger is only small weighing 150 grams that can fully charge a mobile phone within 2 hours.

The Orange wind charger is portable which everyone can use anywhere for it has a tent mounting

system which includes four legs that can be secured into modern tents.
 Wind control is one of the quickest developing fragments of the green power industry,

with overall limit expanding by about 30 percent from 2007 to 2008. This power limit is for the

most part as huge wind farms, however. A great number of people can't bear to claim a wind

turbine, which can run a huge number of dollars for a private setup. Be that as it may, an ongoing

development in the innovation has made it significantly more open to the normal customer: You

would now be able to utilize a contracted, plastic windmill to revive your mobile phone. It's not

as quick as a connecting to a wall outlet, however the thought behind the wind-turbine charger is

that you don't generally approach a traditional outlet. Presently, when you adventure far from

human advancement, you can in any case make utilization of a mobile phone. On the off chance

that you come up short on juice, you can make more by outfitting the wind.

A wind turbine is a fairly simple device, at least in principle: It's a wind-powered

electrical generator. First, it captures the kinetic energy (energy of movement) in wind -- this is

the energy that spins the turbine blades. The energized blades spin a shaft inside the tower, and

that shaft in turn spins an electrical generator. The generator takes the incoming kinetic energy

and converts it to electrical energy. (Layton, 2018)

To understand how wind powered phone chargers work, it uses wind turbine and wind

power. When using large fans to generate electricity, everyone is relying on the wind’s motion.

As the blades spins, where it is also connected to the shaft. As the shaft spins, it creates rotational

energy, and it transfers the gained energy into the generator. In wind turbines, the generator is a

set of magnets that spin around a coiled wire. As the magnets spin around the wire, it creates an

electric current, which then provides power.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-cell-phone-charger.htm#didyouknowout

https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/all_about_chargers

https://techweez.com/2017/06/01/charging-time-evolution-mobile-charging/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger

https://www.slideshare.net/Cellz/chargers-evolution-infographics

https://newatlas.com/go/7576/

https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/travel/wind-turbine-chargers1.htm

https://www.slideshare.net/ncctweb/wind-mill-based-power-generation-for-mobile-phone-

charger