IE363 : Work Design and

Measurement

By Lecturer /Duaa Awadh

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
Chapter One :Methods,
Standards, and Work Design:
Introduction

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
Productivity :
• the state or quality of being productive

• the effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as measured in

terms of the rate of output per unit of input ( productivity = output/ input)

• in a factory, you can measure productivity by dividing the total output by

the number of workers. Imagine a table factory that employs 100 people
producing 2000 tables per day. The productivity of each employee is:
2000 (tables) ÷ 100 (workers) = 20 tables per worker per day

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
Productivity Importance
• The only way a business or enterprise can grow and increase its profitability is by
increasing its productivity.

• Productivity improvement refers to the increase in output per work-hour or time

expended.

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
 Productivity Increasing
The fundamental tools that result in increased productivity include

• methods,

• time study standards (frequently referred to as work measurement),

• and work design

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
Figure 1.1 Typical organization chart showing the influence of methods,
standards, and work design on the operation of the enterprise
IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -
IE363
METHODS AND STANDARDS SCOPE
methods engineering includes designing, creating, and selecting the
best manufacturing methods, processes, tools, equipment, and skills to
manufacture a product based on the specifications that have been
developed by the product engineering section.

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
METHODS AND STANDARDS SCOPE
The overall procedure includes defining the problem; breaking the job
down into operations; analyzing each operation to determine the most
economical manufacturing procedures for the quantity involved, with
due regard for operator safety and job interest; applying proper time
values; and then following through to ensure that the prescribed
method is put into operation

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
 METHODS ENGINEERING
1. Select the project.

2. Get and present the data.

3. Analyze the data.

4. Develop the ideal method

5. Present and install the method

6. Develop a job analysis

7. Establish time standards.

8. Follow up the method

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -
IE363
 WORK DESIGN
As part of developing or maintaining the new method, the principles of work design must
be used to fit the task and workstation ergonomically to the human operator.

Any productivity increases and reduced costs are more than offset by the increased
medical and workers’ compensation costs, especially considering today’s ever-escalating
health-care trends. Thus, it is necessary for the methods engineer to incorporate the
principles of work design into any new method, so that it not only will be more
productive but also will be safe and injury-free for the operator

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
 STANDARDS
Standards are the end result of time study or work measurement.

The resulting standards are used to implement a wage payment scheme.

Production control, plant layout, purchasing, cost accounting and control, and process
and product design are additional areas closely related to both the methods and
standards functions

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
 OBJECTIVES OF METHODS, STANDARDS,
AND WORK DESIGN
1. Minimize the time required to perform tasks.

2. Continually improve the quality and reliability of products and services.

3. Conserve resources and minimize cost by specifying the most appropriate direct and
indirect materials for the production of goods and services.

4. Consider the cost and availability of power.

5. Maximize the safety, health, and well-being of all employees.

6. Produce with an increasing concern for protecting the environment

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -
IE363
 MOTION STUDY AND THE WORK OF THE
GILBRETHS
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth were the founders of the modern motion-study technique,
which may be defined as the study of the body motions used in performing an operation,
to improve the operation by eliminating unnecessary motions, simplifying necessary
motions, and then establishing the most favorable motion sequence for maximum
efficiency

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
 EMERGENCE OF WORK DESIGN
Work design is a relatively new science that deals with designing the task, workstation,
and working environment to fit the human operator better. In the United States, it is
more typically known as human factors, while internationally it is better known as
ergonomics, which is derived from the Greek words for work (erg) and laws (nomos).

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363
 The End

IE Departmet - Faculty of Engineerig - Benghazi University -

IE363