WORK STUDY

BY
RAJESWARI .C.B

Rajeswari_cb@ymail.com
 WORK STUDY OVERVIEW
– intro to Work Study
- Definition and other functions of WS
- Objectives , components , benefits of WS
- Work study man, role of work study in
industries
- Work measurement & its objectives
- Techniques in work measurement
- Time Study , work simplification , job
Design
- Relationship between time and motion
study
WORK STUDY
INTRODUCTION

 WITH INCREASING COMPLEXITIES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL WORLD,

NEED TO SIMPLIFY THE WORK SYSTEM HAS BEEN INCREASING DAY
BY DAY.

 WORK STUDY IS AN AREA OF KNOWLEDGE THAT ADDRESSES THE

PROBLEM OF WORK SIMPLIFICATION WITH THE BASIC OBJECTIVES OF

PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT,
HUMAN COMFORT & SAFETY
EVOLUTION OF WORK STUDY

• F.W.TAYLOR: FOUNDER OF MODERN METHOD AND TIME STUDY.

• TAYLOR BEGAN HIS TIME STUDY WORK IN 1881.

• HE ESTABLISHED THAT EACH JOB SHOULD HAVE A STANDARD TIME, DETERMINED BY TIME STUDIES.

• IN THE TIMING PROCESS TAYLOR ADVOCATED DIVIDING THE WORK INTO SMALL DIVISIONS OF

• EFFORT KNOWN AS ELEMENTS.

• TIME WAS OBTAINED FOR THESE ELEMENT INDIVIDUALLY AND THEIR COLLECTIVE VALUES WERE

USED TO DETERMINE THE ALLOWED TIME FOR THE TASK.

WORK OF GILBERT

• GILBRETH IS CONSIDERED AS THE FOUNDER OF ‘MODERN MOTION STUDY

TECHNIQUE’.

• WHICH IS DEFINED AS THE STUDY OF BODY MOTIONS USED IN PERFORMING AN

OPERATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVING THE OPERATION BY :
 ELIMINATING UNNECESSARY MOTIONS

 SIMPLIFYING NECESSARY MOTIONS

 THEN ESTABLISHING THE MOST FAVORABLE MOTION SEQUENCE FOR MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY
 IMPORTANCE:-
• ENHANCING THE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF THE FIRM.
• TECHNIQUE TO IDENTIFY NON-VALUE OPERATIONS.
• ONLY ACCURATE AND SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE ORIENTED
TECHNIQUE.

• HAS GOT UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.

• IT IS TOOL THAT CAN BE APPLIED EVERYWHERE
• REDUCTION IN TRAINING TIME
• EFFICIENT USE OF RESOURCES BY INCREASE OUTPUT AND REDUCING
CRAO
 DEFINITION
“WORK STUDY IS DEFINED AS THAT BODY OF KNOWLEDGE CONCERNED
WITH THE ANALYSIS OF THE WORK METHODS AND THE EQUIPMENT USED
IN PERFORMING A JOB, THE DESIGN OF AN OPTIMUM WORK METHOD
AND THE STANDARDIZATION OF PROPOSED WORK METHODS.”

PREREQUISITES FOR CONDUCTING

WORK STUDY
STEPS INVOLVED IN WORK STUDY
1. SELECT
Job Or Process To Be Studied

2. RECORD
All the details concerning job using various Recording Techniques

3. EXAMINE
Recorded facts critically by asking questions like who, what, when, why

4. DEVELOP
Most economical method

5. MEASURE
The amount of work involved and set standard time to do that job

6. DEFINE
New method and standard time

7. INSTALL
The new method as a standard practice

8. MAINTAIN
New method as agreed standards
PRINCIPLES
 PRINCIPLES OF WORK STUDY

1. MUST COME FROM THE TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT.

2. PEOPLE MADE AWARE OF THE OBJECTIVES AND
THE NEED OF THE EXERCISING SUCH STUDY.

1. METHOD STUDY MUST PRECEDE WORK MEASUREMENT .

OBJECTIVES
• TO ANALYZE THE PRESENT METHOD OF DOING A JOB, SYSTEMATICALLY IN ORDER
TO DEVELOP A NEW AND BETTER METHOD.

• TO MEASURE THE WORK CONTENT OF A JOB BY MEASURING THE TIME REQUIRED TO

DO THE JOB FOR A QUALIFIED WORKER AND HENCE TO ESTABLISH STANDARD TIME.

• TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY BY ENSURING THE BEST POSSIBLE USE OF HUMAN,

MACHINE AND MATERIAL RESOURCES AND TO ACHIEVE BEST QUALITY
PRODUCT/SERVICE AT MINIMUM POSSIBLE COST.

• TO IMPROVE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY.

• TO REDUCE WASTE THROUGH STANDARDIZATION OF WORK ELEMENTS OF A JOB.

• TO IMPROVE LABOR EFFICIENCY.

COMPONENTS /
TECHNIQUES OF WORK STUDY
WORK STUDY

METHOD STUDY
• Motion Study : Examine the
job and finding more
efficient method to
perform it

WORK MEASUREMENT
• Time Study : Determine the
time necessary to perform
a job and its elements
BENEFITS OF WORK STUDY
 INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY
 REDUCED MANUFACTURING COSTS
 IMPROVED WORK PLACE LAYOUT
 BETTER MANPOWER PLANNING AND CAPACITY PLANNING
 FAIR WAGES TO EMPLOYEES
 BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS TO EMPLOYEES
 IMPROVED WORK FLOW
 REDUCED MATERIAL HANDLING COSTS
 PROVIDES A STANDARD OF PERFORMANCE TO MEASURE LABOR EFFICIENCY
 BETTER INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND EMPLOYEE MORALE
 BASIS FOR SOUND INCENTIVE SCHEME
 PROVIDES BETTER JOB SATISFACTION TO EMPLOYEES
WORK STUDY MAN (EXPERT)

QUALITIES THAT HAS TO BE POSSESSED BY A PERSON WHO IS AT POSITION OF

DOING WORK STUDY:
• (A) QUALIFICATION:
- KNOWLEDGE OF WORK STUDY TECHNIQUES
- KNOWLEDGE OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- WELL QUALIFIED AND SUFFICIENTLY TRAINED
- A STRONG BELIEVER IN IMPROVEMENT OF WORK METHODS
(B) – MENTAL ABILITIES
- MENTALLY PREPARED AND INTERESTED

- GOOD OBSERVATION POWER

- ABILITY TO EXPLAIN AND EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILL

(C) – PERSONAL QUALITIES

-SINCERE , HONEST , CONFIDENCE AND RESPECT TO THOSE HE/SHE
WORKING ALONG

- TACTFUL HANDLING ALL SITUATION , STRONG WILL-POWER

- LEADERSHIP CAPABILITIES
 ROLE OF WORK STUDY IN INDUSTRIES

Production Quality Control

• Standard time Quality control rely on time

• Standard methods standards and process analysis
• Best way of doing task
Work Study

Industrial Relation Sales

Good labor relation result from equality Product cost is largely a manufacturing
wages based on work content methods and measurement control
HUMAN CONSIDERATION IN WORK STUDY

WORK STUDY WILL BE THE POWERFUL MANAGEMENT TOOL TO

IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY ONLY IF GOOD RELATIONSHIP IS
ESTABLISHED BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND OFFICE
STAFFS/EMPLOYEES/LABORS. THERE SHOULD BE NO THREAT TOO
THEIR JOB AND SELF-RESPECT. SO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OFFICE
STAFFS AND HIGHER OFFICIALS ARE IMPORTANT .

WORK STUDY IS PARTICIPATIVE TOOL FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE

WORK BEING PERFORMED
WORK MEASUREMENT
DEFINITION :-

• “THE APPLICATION OF TECHNIQUES DESIGNED TO ESTABLISH THE

TIME FOR A QUALIFIED WORKER TO CARRY OUT A SPECIFIED JOB AT
A DEFINED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE”
OBJECTIVES OF WORK MEASUREMENT :-

• 1. COMPARING ALTERNATIVE METHODS

• 2. ASSESSING THE CORRECT INITIAL MANNING (MANPOWER REQUIREMENT PLANNING)
• 3. PLANNING AND CONTROL

• 4. REALISTIC COSTING
• 5. DELIVERY DATE OF PLANNING
• 6. COST REDUCTION AND COST CONTROL
• 7. IDENTIFYING SUBSTANDARD WORKERS
• 8. TRAINING NEW EMPLOYEES.
 TECHNIQUES OF WORK MEASUREMENT :-
• 1) REPETITIVE WORK:- THE TYPE OF WORK IN WHICH THE MAIN OPERATION OR GROUP OF OPERATIONS REPEAT
CONTINUOUSLY DURING THE TIME SPENT AT THE JOB. THESE APPLY TO WORK CYCLE OF EXTREMELY SHORT DURATION.

• 2) NON-REPETITIVE WORK:- IT INCLUDE SOME TYPE OF MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION WORK, WHERE CYCLE
ITSELF IS HARDLY EVER REPEATED IDENTICALLY.

VARIOUS TECHNIQUES:-
1)TIME STUDY
2) SYNTHESIS
3) WORK SAMPLING
4) ANALYTICAL ESTIMATION
5)PREDETERMINED MOTION AND TIME STUDY.
TIME STUDY
• TIME STUDY IS WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR RECORDING THE TIMES AND
RATES OF WORKING FOR THE ELEMENTS OF A SPECIFIED JOB CARRIED OUT UNDER
SPECIFIED UNDER SPECIFIED CONDITIONS
STEPS IN MAKING TIME STUDY:-

1)SELECT (SELECTING JOB FOR WORK STUDY)

2)OBTAIN & RECORD (DETAILS REGARDING METHODS,OPERATOR, JOB AND

WORKING CONDITION)

3)DEFINE (THE ELEMENT, BREAK THE JOB INTO CONVENIENT FOR TIMING)

4)MEASURE (TIME DURATION FOR EACH ELEMENT AND ASSESS THE RATING)

5)EXTEND (OBSERVED TIME INTO NORMAL TIME {BASIC TIME})

6)DETERMINED (RELAXATION AND PERSONAL ALLOWANCES)
7) COMPUTE (STANDARD TIME FOR THE OPERATION FOR DEFINED JOB OR
OPERATION.)
WORK MEASUREMENT
• STANDARD TIME IS USED IN:
• COSTING THE LABOR COMPONENT OF PRODUCTS
• TRACKING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
• SCHEDULING & PLANNING REQUIRED RESOURCES
WORK SIMPLIFICATION
• INVOLVES IMPROVEMENT IN WORK METHODS OR WORK
FLOW INITIATED AND DEVELOPED BY WORKERS OR
SUPERVISORS ON THE JOB AS A RESULT OF METHODS
TRAINING AND /OR ECONOMIC INCENTIVES. IT IS AN
ORGANIZED USE OF COMMON SENSE TO FIND AND APPLY
BETTER WAYS OF DOING ANY WORK AT LESSER COST.
 SETTING STANDARD TIMES

• STEP 1: CHOOSE THE SPECIFIC JOB TO BE STUDIED

• STEP 2: TELL THE WORKER WHOSE JOB YOU WILL BE STUDYING
• STEP 3: BREAK THE JOB INTO EASILY RECOGNIZABLE UNITS
• STEP 4: CALCULATE THE NUMBER OF CYCLES YOU MUST OBSERVE

• STEP 5: TIME EACH ELEMENT, RECORD DATA & RATE THE

WORKER’S PERFORMANCE

• STEP 6: COMPUTE THE NORMAL TIME

• STEP 7: COMPUTE THE STANDARD TIME
JOB DESIGN PROCESS:
• JOB DESIGN PROCESS HAS TO START FROM WHAT ACTIVITY NEEDS TO BE DONE
IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.

• IT REQUIRES USE OF TECHNIQUES LIKE WORK-STUDY, PROCESS PLANNING,

ORGANIZATIONAL METHODS AND ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS AND ALSO
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
RELATIONSHIP B/W TIME AND MOTION STUDY TO
WORK STUDY

TIME STUDY MOTION STUDY

TIME STUDY IS A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS MOTION STUDY IS A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

LEADING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OF A WORK STATION LEADING TO THE DESIGN

TIME STANDARD OR IMPROVEMENT OF AN OPERATION/ACTIVITY

WORK STUDY WITH Productivity – to reduce the wastage of
resources , wastage of time and to
increase efficiency in man and
production
1. WITH PRODUCTIVITY
2. WITH WORKERS Workers – sincerity to mgmt and make
out the best
3. WITH SUPERVISOR
Supervisor- has authority on the shop
. WITH MANAGEMENT floor to all workers; he has to be Work
study Expert man

Management- sometime colleagues

might not co-operate , it is mgt
responsibility to take care of issue and
sort it out ….