URIT

URIT-5160/5180/5181
5-Part-Diff Auto
Hematology Analyzer

Service Manual

URI T Me dic a l E le ctr on ic Co .,L td.

 CONTENTS
Copyright and Declaration ................................................................................................... I

Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Front View ............................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rear View ............................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Left View ................................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Fundamentals of Test ............................................................................................. 3
1.4.1 Cell Counting Principle of Electrical impedance .............................................. 3
1.4.2 WBC Classification Principle............................................................................ 4
1.4.3 Optical Classification Principle......................................................................... 6
1.4.4 Test Principle of RBC Total Number of Electrical Impedance .......................... 7
1.4.5 Test Principle of RBC Indexes ......................................................................... 7
1.4.6 Test Principle of PLT ........................................................................................ 8
1.4.7 Test Principle of HGB ....................................................................................... 8

Chapter 2 Precautions ........................................................................................................ 9

2.1 External Factors ..................................................................................................... 9

2.1.1 Voltage ............................................................................................................. 9
2.1.2 Electromagnetic Interference ........................................................................... 9
2.1.3 Temperature ..................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Placement Requirements ....................................................................................... 9
2.3 Boot Notes .............................................................................................................. 9
2.4 Blood Sampling and Test ......................................................................................10

Chapter 3 Circuit ............................................................................................................... 11

3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 11

3.1.1 Circuit frames ................................................................................................. 11
3.1.2 ARM (A8)_FPGA ...........................................................................................14
3.1.3 Analog Power Board ......................................................................................15
3.1.4 PreAmp Board ...............................................................................................16
3.1.5 OMC Board ....................................................................................................17
3.1.6 JWLM Board ..................................................................................................19
3.1.7 MV Driver .......................................................................................................20
3.1.8 LMS Board .....................................................................................................21

Chapter 4 Flow System .....................................................................................................23

4.1 Position of Key Components ...................................................................................23

4.1.1 Right Side View..............................................................................................23
4.1.2 Left Side View ................................................................................................24
4.1.3 Front View ......................................................................................................25
4.1.4 Rear View.......................................................................................................26
4.2 Syringe Module .....................................................................................................26
4.3 Transducers ..........................................................................................................27
4.4 Flow Diagram........................................................................................................28
I
 Contents

4.4.1 Optical Flow System ......................................................................................29

4.4.2 mpedance Flow System ................................................................................30

Chapter 5 Optical System .................................................................................................31

5.1 Optical Structure ...................................................................................................31

5.2 Optical Schematic .................................................................................................32

Chapter 6 Test ...................................................................................................................33

6.1 Motor and Valve Test ...............................................................................................33

6.1.1 Valve Test .......................................................................................................33
6.1.2 Motor Test ......................................................................................................33
6.1.3 Other Parameters Test ...................................................................................34
6.2 Parameter Adjustment .......................................................................................35
6.2.1 Adjustment of Impedance Motor Steps ..........................................................35
6.2.2 Optical Motor and Gain Adjustment ...............................................................37
6.2.3 Impedance Gain Adjustment (WIC, RBC, PLT, HGB and Vacuum degree) ..39
6.3 Software Upgrade .................................................................................................41
6.3.1 SD Card Upgrade ..........................................................................................41
6.3.2 U Disk Upgrade .............................................................................................43
6.4 Skipping Self-checking .........................................................................................43

Chapter 7 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................44

7.1 Optical Troubleshooting ........................................................................................44

7.1.1 Stains on Sheath Flow Regulator ..................................................................44

II
 Copyright and Declaration
We owns the copyright of this unpublicized issued manual, and has right to handle as
secret information. This manual just used as reference for operation, maintenance and
service of our product. Other personnel have no right to publish this manual.
This manual includes special information protected by copyright law. Copyright
reserved, prohibit copy and transmit any content of this manual against not through written
agreement by us.
We don’t make any formally guarantee for this manual, including (but not limit to)
implied guarantee responsibility on marketability and propriety lodged for certain purpose.
We without responsibility for the error included in this manual and indirectly & abiogenetic
damage that is caused by actual representation & usage provided by this manual.
Content in the manual can be changed without giving notice.
Applicable models: URIT-5160, URIT-5180,URIT-5181

Our obligation
We only responsible for instrument security, reliability and capability under following
condition
Performed assemble, extend, re-debugging, improve and repair by our authorized
personnel.
Relevant wiring equipments accord with national standard.
Use the analyzer according to this service manual.
NOTE
This analyzer cannot be used in family.
WARNING
If each hospital or institution that is responsible for using this instrument cannot
realize a set of satisfactory service procedure, will cause deviant invalidation of instrument,
even jeopardize to health of human body.
Nowadays, we provide relevant technical information conditionally when customer
request. In addition, narrate calibration method and other information through list to help
eligible technician to repair our instrument.

I
 Copyright and Declaration

Guarantee
Manufacturer techniques and material
We guarantee that the automated hematology analyzer has no techniques and
material problems within one year from shippingday if under normal use and
maintenance.
Free service
Our obligation under this guarantee not include freight and other fare, not responsible
for direct, indirect and ultimate damage & delay caused by following condition: misuse，
replaced accessories or repaired by personnel not authorized by us.
This guarantee is not applicable for following items: Improper use; Without
maintenance or damaged machine; URIT original serial number label or manufacturer
logo has been replaced or torn off; Other manufacturers’ products.

Security, reliability and run status

If following conditions occur, we are not responsible for the security, reliability and run
status of the analyzer
Components have been disassembled, stretched and re-debugged.
Serviced or changed not by our authorized personnel.
Returns
Return to vendor procedure
If you need to return the product to URIT, please follow the steps below:
You should get the right of return first, please contact the URIT sales company with
product series number which marked on nameplate, we will not accept if S/N cannot be
identified. Please mark the instrument No., S/N and why you return the product.

Freight: if send back instrument for service, purchaser bears the freight (including
custom fare)

Version: 02/2017

II
 Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Front View

Buttons on the front

Count button
housing

Indicator light

Figure1-1 Front View

1
 Chapter 1 Introduction

1.2 Rear View

Cooling fan

Reagent
interfaces

Figure1-2 Rear View

Reagent interfaces: diluent, lyse, detergent, sheath, waste and level detection
connector of waste container

2
 Chapter 1 Introduction

1.3 Left View

PS2 interface of keyboard and

mouse

USB
Internet access

Reserved interface

Serial port

Power switch

AC power plug

Grounding column

Figure1-3 Left View

1.4 Fundamentals of Test

URIT-5160 achieves WBC differential count with Multi-angle laser light scattering
technique and obtains the blood cell analysis via three independent detection channels.
1) WBC/DIFF channel: achieves WBC count and classification with laser light
scattering technology in the sheath flow regulator. Complete WBC count and
classification in one channel.
2) WBC/HGB channel: WBC testing by electrical impedance method, and
hemoglobin testing by colorimetry.
3) RBC/PLT channel: RBC and PLT counting by Electrical impedance

1.4.1 Cell Counting Principle of Electrical impedance

Electrical impedance of white blood cells (WBC) count principle which is based on the
principle of non-conductive causes resistance change when blood cell granules in diluents
go through the aperture. Take it as the basis for testing to count WBC and determine its
volume.

3
 Chapter 1 Introduction

Constant current source

Counting chamber

External electrodes
Internal electrodes
Outer chamber
Inner chamber

Cell suspension Aperture

Figure1-4 Electrical impedance

Inner and outer electrodes are placed inside and outside the room in the counting
chamber. The two chambers are separated by a ruby aperture with a diameter of 100μm.
The rear chamber is filled with a certain concentration of cell suspension, and the front
chamber is filled with diluents.
The cell’s conductivity which is lower than diluent’s conductivity, so is the relative
poor conductor. When a cell granule in front chamber goes through the aperture, it
generates an instantaneous pulse voltage between inner and outer electrodes. The
number of pulses is proportional to the number of cells. Pulse height is proportional to
the size of the cell volume. Under the influence of negative pressure, a certain capacity of
the cells will continue through the aperture, thereby generating a series of pulses. Send to
count for obtaining a certain volume of total cells by pulse signals amplification, threshold
adjustment, identification, shaping and A / D conversion. (See Figure 1-4)

1.4.2 WBC Classification Principle

URIT-5160 not only calculates the overall amount of WBC, but also offers graphics
leukocyte distribution - the scatter plot.

4
 Chapter 1 Introduction

Figure1-5 Scatter Plot

When doing a normal human blood test by URIT-5160, scatter plots of most samples
should be like the above figure. There’s clear cell grouping. In DIFF channel, the gray part
which is the shadow cell area is the reflection in the scatter plot after the RBC dissolved in
the sheath. (Some people have it and some do not have it.) The green is the lymphocytes,
pink area is the mononuclear cells, blue area is the neutrophils, white area is the
basophils group and the red area is the eosinophil group. There are obvious visible
boundaries between each area. Cells with the same color come into group, and cells with
different color separates.（See Figure 1-5）

5
 Chapter 1 Introduction

1.4.3 Optical Classification Principle

Figure 1-6 Sheath Flow Regulator

The whole blood samples are diluted with an appropriate proportion of sheath,
white blood cell remains its original state approximately. Using flow cytometry to
make the cells in a single arrangement flow. The scattering density can be measured
through the laser beam detection zone. Different types of cells at different angles
scattered light intensity is different due to the differences of cell size, cell
membrane and cell internal structure. Scattered light signals received by
photodetector at each angle are converted into different amplitudes of the pulse
signals. By analyzing the pulse signals of different angles, we can get the scatter plot
which represents the cell volume and related information. WBC are classified by the
distribution of the pulse signals and the scatter plot.（See Figure 1-6）

6
 Chapter 1 Introduction

Figure 1-7 Cells Feature Comparison

1.4.4 Test Principle of RBC Total Number of Electrical Impedance

The detection principle of RBC is the same as that of WBC. In RBC count chamber,
cells arranged in a certain capacity go through aperture (68μm) under the negative
pressure. Pulse is formed during this process. The total number and average volume of
RBC are obtained according to pulse size and height. The RBC volume distribution
histogram is shown in Figure 1-8.
Normally, ratio of number of RBC and WBC is approximately 750:1, so it can ignore
factors caused by WBC as testing the RBC. However, in some special pathological
conditions, such as leukemia simultaneously with blood disease, may cause abnormal
RBC count.

Figure1-8 RBC Volume histogram

1.4.5 Test Principle of RBC Indexes

HCT=(MCV × RBC) /10. According to the relevant algorithm, the MCH and MCHC
can be derived by RBC, MCV and HGB. RDW is obtained as testing RBC number and
volume differences, which reflects the outer periphery of RBC volume heterogeneity. RDW
which reflects the extent of RBC sizes, which has clinical significance for diagnosis of
anemia.
7
 Chapter 1 Introduction

1.4.6 Test Principle of PLT

Platelet (PLT) and RBC are tested in the same counting chamber. The analyzer
respectively counts it according to different thresholds. (See Figure 1-9)
PLT data stores in 64 channels within the range of 2fL to 30fL.

Figure1-9 PLT Volume Distribution Diagram

PDW is obtained according to the histogram and computer processing. MPV is the
group arithmetic average volume of PLT histogram curve. Normal MPV and PLT amounts
are non-linear negative correlation. PCT is drawn through the MPV and PLT.

1.4.7 Test Principle of HGB

Hemoglobin (HGB) and WIC are tested in the same cup. Lyse destroys RBC and the
HGB is dissolved out. Related ingredients combine to form an HGB complex.
Colorimetric assay in specific wavelength (540nm) in counting chamber, absorbance
change is proportional to HGB content in liquid. HGB test results are obtained by
correlation algorithm.

8
 Chapter 2 Precautions
2.1 External Factors

2.1.1 Voltage

To ensure the normal work and stable test, the analyzer uses 220V power input.
High-precision automatic AC power supply should be installed as the electric supply is
unstable. If intermittent power outages happen frequently, please install the UPS
uninterruptible power supply, so as to avoid damage to the power and circuit board.

2.1.2 Electromagnetic Interference

Acquisition signal is very weak, external interference may cause abnormal data.
Therefore, it’s recommended connecting with ground wire to avoid affecting the test
results by interference signal. Away from the equipments generated interference signals,
such as monitors, copiers, centrifuges and X-ray detector.

2.1.3 Temperature

The required operating temperature is 15℃~35℃. Temperature is too low which

affects the reagents and test data. The most common is that hemolysis becomes slow
because of low temperature, resulting in unusually high of WBC and HGB. PLT
aggregates together because of low temperature, which makes low PLT data.

2.2 Placement Requirements

1. Place the analyzer and reagents in the same horizontal plane to ensure reagent
can be quickly added into the analyzer.
2. Waste containers should be placed on the ground. (Avoid waste overflowing)
3. Insert the reagent connectors. Diluents connect with the blue one, lyse connects
with the red one, detergent connects with the green one and sheath connects
with the yellow one.

2.3 Boot Notes

1. Check whether the tubing connector of flow system looses or cracks. If so,
please deal with it before boot.
2. After boot, check whether there’s abnormal sound or smell, the screen display is
normal or not. If so, please shut down the analyzer immediately and check it.

9
 Chapter 2 Precautions

3. Check whether the screen display and program initialization is normal. Enter
sample test interface if it’s normal.

2.4 Blood Sampling and Test

There are two sample test modes, which are whole blood and diluent.
1. Whole blood sampling: collecting human blood by vacuum blood collection tube.
The anticoagulant in the collection tube anticoagulats the blood sample.
2. Diluent sampling: collecting human peripheral blood with blood collection tube,
such as fingers, ears and so on.
3. Whole blood test: in Test interface, put the test sample under the aspiration
probe and then press count button to test.
4. Diluent test: put the disposable test tube under the aspiration probe and click
“Drain” to automatically discharge 500μl diluent into the test tube. Collect 20μL
peripheral blood and mix it in the test tube. Select “Diluent” mode in test interface,
put this tube under the aspiration probe and press count button on the front
housing. The analyzer starts to test.

※Note: avoid squeezing when collecting peripheral blood so as not to extrude tissue
fluid or aggregate PLT, which may affects PLT counting. Needle goes a little bit
deeper when collecting peripheral blood. Do not collect first drop of blood as
sample.

10
 Chapter 3 Circuit
The circuit consists of switch mode power supply (SMPS), ARM(A8)_FPGA, OMC
board, PreAMP board, MVDriver, JWLM board, AnalogPower board, LMS board, Light
panels, LED_LOCK board, Front housing Keyboard, card reader and Monitor driver.

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Circuit frames

Light path

Impedance-
motordrive
board

Impedance-
PreAMP
board

Optical
module
control board

Figure3-1 Left Side Door

11
 Chapter 3 Circuit

LMS board

JWLM
board

Figure3-2 Right Side Door

12
 Chapter 3 Circuit

A8 AMP
Board
AnalogPower
board

A8 core

switch mode
power supply
(SMPS)

Figure3-3 The Rear

13
 Chapter 3 Circuit

monitor
Driver

Front housing
Keyboard

Front
housing
card reader
Keyboar
d

Figure3-4 Back of Front Housing

3.1.2 ARM (A8)_FPGA

ARM (A8)_FPGA which is the control center of the analyzer stores gain and motor
steps. LED1 blinks as the A8 AMP board working. See Figure 3-5.

14
 Chapter 3 Circuit

Touch screen, USB

interface, choose one of
them

Interface of Interface of display

PreAMP board screen
Panel key
interface
FPGAprogramming
Count key interface
interface
Program download
Program download selection 2
selection 1
MVDriver
board
interface
Display power
A8 core
interface
Interface of
JWLM board

Interface of LMS board power supply CAN interface SD-TF Card slot
input (connect with
OMC)
Figure3-5 ARM (A8)_FPGA

3.1.3 Analog Power Board

Analog Power board which is responsible for system logic control provides various
parameters and executes the command. See Figure3-9.
Analog power board which is responsible for provides the ±12V analog power supply
to PreAmp board and OMC board, at the same time also provides the 5V power supply to
optical laser and +12V to fan interface. As shown in Figure 3-6.

15
 Chapter 3 Circuit

+/-12V
+-12V power
电源
interface*2
接口*2

5V power
5V 电源接口
interface*2
*2

Fan +/-12V
风扇+12V 电 Power
开 关电源 ，
supply,
power
源接口 power
电源输入 input
interface*2

Figure3-6 Analog Power Board

3.1.4 PreAmp Board

PreAmp board, which amplifies and processes weak cellular signal of transducers,
monitor the vacuum of impedance flow system’s negative pressure tank and current
ambient temperature.

16
 Chapter 3 Circuit

12V analog
power input
ARM
(A8)_FPGA
interface

Interface of
impedance
negative
pressure tank

Temperature
Sensor interface

HGB interface

Interface of
WBC interface
RBC and PLT

Figure3-7 AMP Board

NOTE: please connect the pneumatic test’s tube system under the pressure sensor
(near the ARM (A8)_FPGA interface). If not, the barometric pressure cannot be
measured correctly.

3.1.5 OMC Board

It’s mainly used to control the optical counting liquid circuit, analyze optical signal and
upload optical signal to ARM (A8)_FPGA. See Figure 3-8.

17
 Chapter 3 Circuit

Power supply input interface

Airway interface of 开关电源输
光 学鞘 液罐 入接口
pressure detection
气 压检 测的of
气路接口
optics sheath tank CAN 通信接
CAN Communication Interface
口（与 A8 主
(with
板） ARM (A8)_FPGA)
+/- 12V analog
+-12V 模 拟
power interface
电源接口 电机 MG 接
MG interface
口

电机 MH 接
MH interface
口

V31
电磁阀 V31

90°d 信号
signal interface 4 电磁阀
V39 V39
接口

90°信 号接
signal interface 3
口

signal interface
10°信 号接 2
口

0 ° 信 号 1接 V38
signal interface 电磁阀 V38
口
电磁阀
V46 V46
MH Optocoupler
MH 光 耦 接
interface口（KH）
(KH) 光学鞘液罐
Float sensor interface of
的浮子传感
MG MG 光 耦 接
Optocoupler optics sheath
器接口 tank
口（KG）
interface (KG)
Figure3-8 OMC Board

NOTE:
1. Pressure detection pipeline of optics sheath tank shall connect to the interface
under the pressure sensor.
2. Take AGND as the reference as testing the voltage of S0, S10, S90 and S90D.
(black probe of oscilloscope connects to AGND)
3. The voltage of S0, S10, S90 and S90D is magnified as these test points passing
through AMP module of OMC board. It’s not the original signal output via signal
acquisition board, so inappropriate gain causes signal distortion.

18
 Chapter 3 Circuit

3.1.6 Light panels（OPAMP）

signal interface 1

signal interface 2

signal interface 3

Figure3-9 Light panels（OPAMP）

19
 Chapter 3 Circuit

3.1.7 JWLM Board

It mainly used to check reagents (diluent, lyse and sheath) and level detection of
diluent reservoir. See Figure 3-10.

Interface of
JWLM board

Figure3-10 JWLM Board

Ensure the circled test point voltage (the test points corresponding to GND test points)
is 2.9V±0.1V (adjust the potentiometers). Please adjust the potentiometers in state of no
liquid in the flow line (also no printing on the flow line in optocoupler position).

3.1.8 MV Driver

MV Driver which is responsible for each motor motion in impedance flow system and
for turning on and off solenoid valve pump.（See Figure3-11）
Please see the label for the interface of MV optocoupler. The corresponding
optocoupler of MA, MB, MC and MD is KA, KB, KC and KD.
NOTE: Please make sure the jumper cap is in the correct installation state.

20
 Chapter 3 Circuit

Power switch
开 关 电 13V,
源 Install the jumper
24V input
13V，24V 输 cap,确保跳线帽以安
otherwise the
入 装，否则光耦无
optocoupler cannot
法正常工作
work normally.

Interface of A8
motor接 A8 主板的
solenoid
电 机电磁 阀
valve
接口

Figure3-11 MV Driver

3.1.9 LMS Board

Start optocoupler in RBC Start optocoupler in

count WBC count
间开始光耦

End optocoupler in RBC Adjustable potentiometer

count in whole blood and
diluent

End optocoupler in WBC

count in whole blood and
diluent

Figure 3-12 LMS Board

21
 Chapter 3 Circuit

The test module for counting time consists of an LMS board and two glass tubes.
There are 4 optocouplers and 4 potentiometers. 4 optocouplers corresponds to
TEST1-TEST4 test points. The voltage is 4.8±0.2V when there’s liquid in the glass tubes.
The voltage is 2.9±0.1V when there’s no liquid in the glass tubes. The voltage shall shift
because of optocoupler parameter offset and dirty glass tube.
The LMS board calculates the inhaled liquid by optocoupler and the metering tube,
which ensures the measurement accuracy of WBC, RBC and PLT. There are two
channels in LMS board, one is for WBC, the other is for RBC and PLT. Each channel
consists of one measuring tube and two optocouplers. Open the valve which controls air,
the air goes into the WBC measuring tube and RBC measuring tube. Empty liquid in the
tube. Close the air control valve as test starting. Liquid in the counting chamber goes
through aperture and flows to measuring tube. Liquid in the transducer goes through
measuring tube, the liquid column is gradually moving down. The comparator output
counts start signal as liquid column through the upper optocoupler. The comparator output
stops counting start signal as liquid column through the down optocoupler.
NOTE: as there no liquid in the glass tubes, the test point voltage TEST1-TEST4 should
be adjusted within the range DC2.9V ± 0.1V, otherwise it may give a false alarm of
clogging, bubbles or no reagents.

22
 Chapter 4 Flow System
4.1 Position of Key Components

4.1.1 Right Side View

MD采样机构纵
of sampling MC of sampling
向电机
unit MD。 采 样针 横向 计数玻璃管
Glass tubes
unit
电机 MC。

Lyse 溶血剂注射
syringe, Diluents
稀释液注射 syringe,
corresponding
器，对应 MA to corresponding
器，对应 MA to
MA 电机 电机。
MA

Sampling syringe,
采 样 注 射
corresponding
器，对应电 to
MB 机 MB

WOC WOC WBC

WBC RBC
RBC 样
样 品
transducer 样 品
transd 品杯。
transducer
杯。 杯。
ucer
阻 抗 废 液 waste
Impedance
泵 V19
pump （P1）
V19 (P1)

Figure4-1 Key Components of Flow System (Right Side View)

NOTE: lyse syringe and diluent syringe use one MA motor.

23
 Chapter 4 Flow System

4.1.2 Left Side View

Optical sheath
reservoir

Optical pressure
tank

Optical waste pump V46

Optical sheath
pump V44

Impedance mixing pumpV20（P2）

Figure 4-1 Key Components of Flow System (Left Side View)

24
 Chapter 4 Flow System

4.1.3 Front View

Cleaning set

Optical sheathing device

500uL sample syringe
（MH）

Aspiration
Optical 10mL sheath probe
syringe（MG）

Figure 4-3 Key Components of Flow System (Front View)

25
 Chapter 4 Flow System

4.1.4 Rear View

Impedance
negative pressure tank

Diluents inlet tubing

Lyse inlet tubing (red) (blue)

Sheath inlet tubing

(yellow)

Detergent inlet tubing

Waste outlet
(green)
tubing (black）

Figure 4-4 Key Components of Flow System (Rear View)

4.2 Syringe Module

4.2.1 Impedance Syringe Module

The impedance syringe module consists of sample syringe (MB), lyse syringe (MA)
26
 Chapter 4 Flow System

and diluent syringe (MA).

Function of sample syringe (MB):
 Sampling and store it in the aspiration probe temporarily
 Send sample to the WOC transducer
 Send sanple to the WBC transiducer
 Collect diluted sample and send it to the RBC transducer
Function of lyse syringe (MA): add lyse to WBC transiducer
Function of diluent syringe (MA): add diluent to WBC transducer and RBC
transducer
The impedance of the syringe motor is driven by 24V.
4.2.2 Optical Syringe Module
The optical syringe module is consists of optical sheathing device 500uL sample
syringe（MH）and optical 10mL sheath syringe（MG）.
Function of optical sheathing device 500uL sample syringe（MH）: push sample
into sheath flow regulator
Function of optical 10mL sheath syringe（MG）: add sheath to WOC transducer
The optical module of the motor is driven by DC12V.
4.2.3 Description
Syringe module consists of a small syringe, sampling syringe, ceramic syringes,
motors, seals and other components. Three kinds of syringe can be individually
disassembled for easy replacement of the entire syringe, or replace seals.
The motor and optocoupler of the syringe module are installed at the rear of the
syringe, which avoids motor broken due to syringe leakage.
The syringe drives the optocoupler guard sheet moving upwards, the syringe
stops moving upwards as it arriving optocoupler. If the syringe is overtraveled (the
syringe cannot run upwards and beeps), it is initially judged as the trip optocoupler
failure.

4.3 Transducers

As shown in Figure 4-1 transducer components which is the counting sensor of the
analyzer is the most front-end detection element of data acquisition.
WOC transducer is used to mix liquid.
Measuring RBC, WBC and PLT parameters via Coulter principle (electrical
impedance principle). In transducers, the circuit provides a constant current through
diluted conductive liquid in cell counting. As cells go through aperture, the loop resistance
changes. Cells with different volume produce electrical pulses with different amplitudes,
so cells volume and numbers can be calculated.
Make a Colorimetric analysis towards the treated sample and calculate HGB value
via light emitting and receiving of WBC transducer.
NOTE: the liquid should be sprayed on the walls of the transducer, or the results of
MCV, PLT and HGB shall be affected.

27
 Chapter 4 Flow System

4.4 Flow Diagram

5160液路原理图
Optical Module
V31 光学模块
NC
V34 U1
NC NO
C V35
SHEATH
NO NC V36 NC
V32 蓝 绿 C
NC Blue Green WOC
红
黄 10ml
Red 储液罐 正压罐 V40 V44
yellow V37 NC
Liquid storage pot Positive pot C
NC NO
MG
C
V33 500ul NC NO
V38 V46
NC V39
MH
NC WASTE

Impedance Module
阻抗模块

NC
C V2 V18
V5 V4 V17
C NO NO
C NC NC
NO NC
NC
V1
NC NO
V3
C
NC
C
WBC RBC NO
V7 V8
NC NC

MC V14 250ul 2.5ml 10ml U2

NC
V13 NC

MB MA
计数真空罐
MD V16 V15
NC NC
LYSE DILUENT
Vacuum pump
V12 V11
NC NC
V6
NO NC
C V20

DETERGENT
V9
NC

V10 V19
NC WASTE

Figure4-5 Flow Diagram

28
 Chapter 4 Flow System

4.4.1 Optical Flow System

V31 光学模块
Optical Module

NC
V34 U1
NC NO
C V35
SHEATH
NO NC V36 NC
V32 蓝
Blue 绿
green C
NC
WOC
红
Yellow黄 Red
10ml
储液罐 正压罐 V40 V44
V37 NC
C
NC NO
MG
Liquid storage pot Positive pot
C
V33 500ul NC NO
V38 V46
NC V39
MH
NC WASTE

Figure4-6 Optical Flow Diagram

Add 1400μL sheath into WOC cup by MG, use MB syringe to collect 28μL blood and
inject 18μL of it into WOC cup. MG sends sheath into WOC cup via V34, V35 and V37,
V44 mixes blood and sheath via V40 and V39. Open the V34, V35 and V37, pump the
mixed liquid into the channel between V34 and V37 by MG motor. The sheath is pushed
by 160Kpa pressure to flow through V32 and into sheath flow regulator. It forms a sheath
flow and wraps cells. Cells are in queue status. MH makes cells move upwards one by
one. Cell sorting was performed under laser irradiation. The waste is pumped and
discharged by V46.

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 Chapter 4 Flow System

4.4.2 Impedance Flow System

Impedance Module

Vacuum pump

Figure4-7 Impedance Flow System

Process explanation on sheath liquid channel (optical flow system)
1. MA (2.5ml) add lyse into WBC cup via V3. MA syringe which is used to absorb
diluents into WBC cup and RBC cup via V1, V2, V4 and V5, pump diluents into
clean sets via V1 and V2， pump it to sample probe via V1, V2 and V4 to clean
sample probe and clean set.
2. V19 pumps the liquid which is used to clean sample probe via V10, and pump the
liquid which is used to clean RBC and WBC cups via V11 and V12.
3. MB (250μL) syringe is used to collect samples and give it to WOC cup and WBC
cup.
4. V20 pumps the gas, open V15 and V16, gas goes through these two valves into the
RBC cup and WBC cup.
5. The liquid goes through aperture and reaches glass tube via V7 and V8 (open V17
and V18 to empty glass tube before testing), the count pressure tank offers 78KPa
pressure, time counts by optocoupler of count board.

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 Chapter 5 Optical System
5.1 Optical Structure

Components of the optical system are shown below.

No.3 signal receiver

No.1 and No. 2

Figure5-1 Components of the Optical System

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 Chapter 5 Optical System

5.2 Optical Schematic

Figure5-2 Optical Schematic

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 Chapter 6 Test
6.1 Motor and Valve Test

Click “Service” in test interface, input “1111” and click “OK” to enter valve test
interface. Click “Pre page”, “Next page” to switch valve test, motor test, system state test1
and system test 2.

6.1.1 Valve Test

Click “Valve detection”, see Figure 6-1.

Figure6-1 Valve Detection

Click valves in the interface and the corresponding valves sounds except V41, V42,
V43 and V45. V44 and V46 are pumps.
NOTE: please click valves on a low frequency, since the analyzer takes a long time to
react.

6.1.2 Motor Test

Click “Motor detection”, see Figure 6-2.

Click items one by one to check them.

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 Chapter 6 Test

Figure6-2 Motor Detection

6.1.3 Other Parameters Test

Click “System state detection 1”, see Figure 6-3.

Figure6-3 System State Detection 1

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 Chapter 6 Test

Do not test the aperture voltage temporarily.

If the test results are incorrect, there shall be something wrong with the corresponding
circuit board. (Please adjust gain if blank voltage of HGB is out of range. Please see
Chapter 6.2.3.)

6.2 Parameter Adjustment

Click “Service” in test interface, input “5555” and click “OK” to enter the interface.
Click “Pre page”, “Next page” to select Motor parameter, Optical parameter and gain
parameter.

6.2.1 Adjustment of Impedance Motor Steps

Figure6-4 Impedance Motor Steps and Counting Time Adjustment

Click “OK” to save the edit.
Parameter description of key motors is shown in Figure 6-5.
WOC Transducer WIC Transducer RBC Transducer
Initial position of aspiration probe

Figure6-5 Traverse motor of Sampling Unit

“MC1” represents the steps of sampling traverse motor from sampling position to
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 Chapter 6 Test

WOC cup. It requests the aspiration probe to fall in the middle of WOC cup.
“MC2” represents the steps of sampling traverse motor from WIC cup to RBC
transducer. It requests the aspiration probe to fall in the middle of RBC transducer.
“MC3” represents the steps of sampling traverse motor from WOC cup to WIC cup. It
requests the aspiration probe to fall in the middle of WBC transducer.
Descriptions of other parameter:
Discharge
Parameter Description Default
amount
Downward movement distance of aspiration probe in
“MD1”
standby station after counting
“MD2” Distance of moving the aspiration probe to WOC cup
“MD3” Distance of moving the aspiration probe to WIC cup
“MD4” Distance of moving the aspiration probe to RBC cup
Steps of sampling traverse motor from sampling position to
“MC1”
WOC cup
“MC2” Steps of sampling traverse motor from WIC to RBC cup
“MC3” Steps of sampling traverse motor from WOC to WIC cup
Sampling amount in whole blood mode (external)
“MB1”
(CBC+DIFF)
“MB2” Sampling amount in diluent mode (external) (CBC+DIFF)
“MB3” Sample amount in WOC cup in whole blood mode
“MB4” Sample amount in WOC cup in diluent mode
“MB5” Sampling amount in whole blood mode (external) (CBC)
“MB6” WBC=>RBC sampling amount (whole blood CBC+DIFF)
“MB7” WBC=>RBC sampling amount (whole blood CBC)
“MB8” WBC=>RBC sampling amount (diluent CBC+DIFF)
“MB9” WBC=>RBC sampling amount (diluent CBC)
“MA1” Addition amount of lyse (whole blood CBC+DIFF)
“MA2” Addition amount of lyse (diluent CBC+DIFF)
“MA3” Unused
Addition amount of diluent (whole blood CBC+DIFF) WBC
“MA4”
cup
Addition amount of diluent (whole blood CBC+DIFF) RBC
“MA5”
cup
“MA6” Addition amount of diluent (diluent CBC+DIFF) WBC cup
“MA7” Addition amount of diluent (diluent CBC+DIFF) RBC cup
“MA8” Unused
“MA9” Discharge amount in diluent mode 500uL
“MA10” Addition amount of lyse (whole blood CBC)
“MA11” Addition amount of lyse (diluent CBC)
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 Chapter 6 Test

“MA12” Addition amount of diluent (whole blood CBC) WBC cup

“MA13” Addition amount of diluent (whole blood CBC) RBC cup
“MA14” Addition amount of diluent (diluent CBC) WBC cup
“MA15” Addition amount of diluent (diluent CBC) RBC cup
“MA16” Unused

6.2.2 Optical Motor and Gain Adjustment

Click “Optics reference” to set it. See Figure 6-6.

Figure6-6 Optics Reference

Click ENTER in virtual keyboard to send the modified optics parameter value to OMC
board for saving, otherwise, it’ll be lost.
Description of parameters
Name Implication Range Description
optical signal 1 gain
S0 20--255
adjustment
optical signal 2 gain
S10 20--255
adjustment
optical signal 3 gain
S90 20--255
adjustment
optical signal 4 gain
S90d 20--255
adjustment
WOC sheath addition
MG_STEP1 0--65535
amount in whole blood
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 Chapter 6 Test

mode, used to dilute

sample
WOC sheath addition
MG_STEP2 0--65535
amount in diluent mode
Motor steps of
controlling WOC
MG_STEP3 0--65535
sampling amount in
diluent mode
Motor steps of
controlling WOC
MG_STEP4 0--65535
sampling amount in
whole blood mode
WOC sample counting
MH_STEP1 steps in whole blood 0--65535
mode
WOC sample counting
MH_STEP2 0--65535
steps in diluent mode
MH_STEP3 Undefined
MH_STEP4 Undefined
WOC mixing delay
MG_FRQ1 adjustment in whole 0--65535
blood mode
WOC mixing delay
MG_FRQ2 adjustment in diluent 0--65535
mode
MH_FRQ1 Undefined
Adjustment of WOC Recommended values: 4000
MH_FRQ2 0--65535
reaction time （T=4000*2*5000/(10E-7)=4s）
Debugging
dedicated, 0xAABB,AA is the duration of high
Optical ADC sampling do not level of the sampling square wave,
ADFRQ
rate setting change it. BB the duration of low level（unit is
(default 0.01uS）
65535: 4M)
Blank voltage VB= BACKMIN/2
mV
Blank voltage of optical Only the sampling points which are
BACKMIN 0--8191
signal 1 higher than VB shall be processed.
Only those points shall be included
in the pulse width.
The pulse width which is greater
Minimum pulse width
WIDTHMIN 0--65535 than the value is considered a cell
setup
signal.
WIDTHMAX Maximum pulse width 0--65535 The pulse width which is smaller

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 Chapter 6 Test

setup than the value is considered a cell

signal.
When the peak value of the
recognized pulse signal is greater
FIFOPEAK Peak threshold setup 0--65535 than this value, it is stored in the
FIFO, otherwise discarded
(considered to be interference)

6.2.3 Impedance Gain Adjustment (WIC, RBC, PLT, HGB and Vacuum degree)

Check the gain of RBC, WIC and PLT, check HGB blank voltage and check vacuum
degree after testing by control material.
 WBC
Click “Setup”-“Service”, input “6666” and choose to open WIC histogram in
popup dialog box. As shown in Figure 6-7, the abscissa of the second crest is
got.

Figure6-7 WBC Histogram

 RBC
Click relevant figure to enter the interface.
Move the coordinate line to the crest position to get the RBC coordinate value.

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 Chapter 6 Test

Figure6-8 RBC
 PLT
Click relevant figure to enter the interface.
Move the coordinate line to the crest position to get the PLT coordinate value.

Figure6-9 PLT

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 Chapter 6 Test

 HGB blank voltage (refer to Section 6.1.3)

Click “Setup” → “Service”, input “1111” and choose “System state detection 1” in
popup dialog. See Figure 6-3.
 Vacuum degree
Click “Setup” → “Service”, input “5555” and choose “gain adjustment” in popup
dialog. Click “Vacuum” to check vacuum value.
If the peak abscissa of WIC, RBC and PLT is out of range, if the HGB blank
voltage and vacuum doesn’t meet requirements, please adjust it in the gain
adjustment interface. Click “Setup” → “Service”, input “5555” and choose “gain
adjustment” to enter the interface. See Figure 6-10.

Figure6-10 Gain Adjustment

Click “Vacuum” and “HGB Blank voltage” to check the current value. If adjusting the
WBC gain, RBC gain or PLT gain, please return to do QC test and check whether WIC
gain, RBC gain and PLT gain is in the range. If it is out of range, please modify it till it
falling in the range.

6.3 Software Upgrade

6.3.1 SD Card Upgrade

 Insert the prepared SD card into the SD card slot. For the position of slot, please
see figure 6-13.
 Push “1” of SW5 upwards and push “2” of SW5 downwards. See Figure 6-11.

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 Chapter 6 Test

 Push “1” of SW2 upwards

 Turn off the power for 5 seconds and turn on it again. It enters program
upgrading interface.
 Remove the SD card as seeing “the upgrade is completed”.
 Turn off the power, reset SW5 and SW2. Turn on the power after 5 seconds.
Successful boot means successful program upgrading.

Figure6-11 SW5

Figure6-12 SW2

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 Chapter 6 Test

SD card slot

Figure6-13 ARM (A8)_FPGA

6.3.2 U Disk Upgrade

 Insert the U disk into a USB port

 Enter test interface
 Click “Setup”-“Service”, input “5555” and click “OK”
 “the upgrade is completed” comes out, reboot the analyzer
 If upgrading fails, please insert the U disk into another USB port and repeat step
3.

6.4 Skipping Self-checking

Long press the count button on the front housing to access main interface as seeing

in the upper left corner of the screen. Use this method when maintaining on the
client side.

43
 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting
7.1 Optical Troubleshooting

7.1.1 Stains on Sheath Flow Regulator

Wrong optical classification, it cannot be clearly classified the blood sample to 3 cell
populations, or scatters only appear in a straight line on S0 image.
Click “Setup”-“Service” , input “2006” and click “S0Back” to see optics signal 1 （0°）
blank voltage. If the blank voltage is greater than 2.5V, it preliminarily considered that the
sheath flow regulator is dirty. There are two conditions, which are dirty inner wall and
dirty outer wall. Wipe around the sheath flow regulator with a clean cloth and then check
the S0 blank voltage. If it is less than or equal to 2.5V, it represents the outer wall is dirty.
Make a fresh blood sample test; if the results are meets requirements, problem is solved.
If the S0 blank voltage doesn’t change, it is considered that the inner wall is dirty.
Cleaning method: click “Setup”-“Service”, put the detergent under the aspiration probe
and click “Soak sheath flow regulator”. Make two blank tests after soaking and check the
S0 blank voltage. If it is less than or equal to 2.5V, please make a fresh blood sample
test.

44
Manufacturer Name:URIT Medical Electronic Co.,Ltd.
Address:No.3 East Alley,Jiuhua Road,Guilin,Guangxi 541001,PR China
Tel:+86(773) 2288555 2288558
Fax:+86(773) 2288559 2824559
400 service hotline: 400 -727-2288
Web:www.urit.com
E-mail:sale@uritest.com

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