CIRCUITS

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 CIRCUIT

A circuit is the path where an electric current travels on.

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A CIRCUIT

A schematic diagram uses standardized

symbols—simple line drawings—to
represent various electronic components.
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SYMBOLS

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TYPES OF CIRCUITS

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SERIES CIRCUIT

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SERIES CIRCUIT

• One Pathway
• IT = I1 = I2 = I3…
• VT = V1 + V2 + v3…
• RT = R1 + R2 + R3…
• All bulbs will not work if one
bulb isn’t working.

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PARALLEL CIRCUIT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PARALLEL CIRCUIT

• More than one Pathway

• IT = I1 + I2 + I3…
• VT = V1 = V2 = V3…
• 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3…
• Other bulbs will still work if
one bulb isn’t working.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 QUESTION

How should light bulbs be

connected at home?
The light bulbs should be connected parallel at home in order
for them to work even if there is a bulb which is busted. Also, it
is found out that the intensity of the light is not dependent on
the number of bulbs connected to each other if they are
connected in parallel.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 “Parallel circuit is efficient
because it has more than one
path of current. In life, if one
of your plans failed, don’t give
up and proceed with the next
alternative plan.”

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

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SHORT CIRCUIT

It happens when wires with

defective rubber insulation
touch each other so the
current does not pass to
the supposed path it should
take.

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OVERLOADING

It occurs when the

current passing is more
than what the wires can
carry , causing the wire
to heat up.

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OCTOPUS WIRING

When there are too

many appliances
plugged into one
outlet.

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SAFETY DEVICES

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CIRCUIT BREAKER

It is a switch that
automatically opens to
interrupt circuit current in
the event of an
overcurrent condition.

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 FUSE

This safety electrical

device breaks the circuit
of a fault in an appliance
when too much current is
flowing, but it is for one-
time use only because it
melts.

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GROUNDING

It is used to protect you from

an electric shock. It does this
by providing a path (a
protective conductor) for a
fault current to flow to earth.

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DOUBLE INSULATION

It is when the cables

themselves have twin plastic
layers or the appliance itself
has an extra layer of plastic
on the outside of the case to
prevent electric shock.

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THIRD PRONG
Common electric plugs have
two prongs only, but some
contain three. The third prong
on an electrical cord is the
ground plug. It's an important
safety feature that could save
your life because it will create
an emergency path for
electricity to travel through if
a fault happens instead of
going through you.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Why does a bird remain unharmed when
resting on a high voltage wire?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 22
Birds don’t get electrocuted due to their
high resistance, BUT electrocution is still
possible if the bird touches on two wires
with voltage difference.

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