Science 2.

1 Review

I. Vocabulary:

1. diffusion= net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of

lower concentration.

2. dynamic equilibrium= condition of continuous,random movement of particles but no

overall change in concentration of materials.

3. facilitated diffusion= passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma
membrane by transport proteins.

4. osmosis= diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

5. isotonic solution= a solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a
cell,resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of
water.

6. hypotonic solution= a solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside
the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis.

7. hypertonic solution= a solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than
inside a cell,causing water to leave the cell by osmosis.

8. active transport=energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma

membrane against a concentration gradient.

9. endocytosis= energy- requiring a process by which large substances from the outside
environment can enter a cell.

10. exocytosis=energy-requiring process by which a cell expels wastes and secretes

substances at the plasma membrane

II. Difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport

The differences between facilitated diffusion and active transport is that facilitated diffusion is a passive
transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins,but active
transport is an energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a
concentration gradient.
III. Compare and contrast the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis.

Endocytosis:
Surrounds and expels
or secretes substances

Exocytosis:

Surrounds and takes

substances into cells.

Similarities:

Transport substances that are too large to move through the plasma membrane.

IV. Diagrams
 a solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a
cell,resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water.

a solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell,
causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis.
 a solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell,causing
water to leave the cell by osmosis.
V.

Mention 3 types of osmosis work:

Isotonic solution
Hypotonic solution
Hypertonic solution

Mention 2 types of active transport:

Endocytosis
Exocytosis

How does active transport help in the body?

Active Transport helps maintain homeostasis.