- Research on types of water heaters for domestic use and its brief description.

1. Conventional Storage Tank Water Heater - This style of water heater features a tank that
holds water to be heated. This means that the capacity of the tank determines how much hot
water you have available at once. The tank is insulated so that when the water heats up, it
remains warm until it is needed.
2. Tankless Water Heater - A tankless water heater, as you can probably guess, has no tank.
Instead, there are super-heated coils that fill with water and heat water in a flash as you need
it, which is why it is alternatively known as an on-demand water heater.
3. Heat Pump Water Heater - This style of water heater is unique in that is uses heat in the air
and in the ground to heat water.
4. Solar Powered Water Heater - This style of water heater may be the most energy-efficient of
them all and relies on roof-mounted solar panels as its energy source.
5. Condensing Water Heater - This water heater uses your home’s unused gas fumes to heat
your water.

- In building water distribution system explain the following:

A. Rigid-Pipe Distribution Configuration - In a conventional rigid-pipe water distribution
method, fixture branches extend from a riser or main to the individual fixture being connected.
A fixture branch is usually run in the floor or in the wall behind the fixtures. The hot and cold-
water distribution pipes are installed parallel to one another as they convey hot and cold water
to risers and branch pipes
B. Homerun (Manifold) Distribution Configuration - A plastic or metal plumbing manifold
and flexible plastic pipe make up a homerun or manifold distribution configuration. The
manifold acts as a central supply point for all of the plumbing fixtures. The cold-water
chamber is fed from the main water supply line, while the hot water chamber is fed
from the water heater.
C. Upfeed and Downfeed Distribution - Water pressure from the water supply main is
used in a traditional upfeed system to force water flow through the system. Water
pressure in building water supply mains typically ranges from 40 to 80 psi (275 to 550 kPa), with
80 psi (550 kPa) considered the upper limit for most systems plumbed with metal pipe and 40
psi the upper limit for plastic pipe. This gravity system, fed from the upper stories to the
lower, is called a downfeed distribution system. Water entering the building flows
through pumps that develop sufficient water pressure to drive water to storage tanks
serving zones of about 10 floors each. To develop adequate pressure, the storage tanks
are placed above the zones that they serve.