PPD Project

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
URDANETA CITY CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DESIGN OF A
10 MW DIESEL
POWER PLANT
SUBMITTED BY
JUN BENEDICT N.
MENDOZA BSME – 4A
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. MARILOU M. FERNANDEZ
Design of 10 MW Diesel Power Plant
Design Problem:
I. Background of the Municipality

a. Include the different barangays
b. Others
II. Design Problem:

A. Power Load Survey
1. Secure a map of your own city or town or group of towns in the Philippines and
indicate there on the power load area of at least 10 sq. miles
2. Magnify your power load area in item (1) to a convenient size about 10x (10
times) filling up the spaces with future subdivision(s) showing all future
development about 5 years from now.
3. Conduct an ocular survey of your power load area in item (2) noting the various
types of costumers and indicate thereon the probable needs of existing residences,
industries and other establishment.
4. With the actual connected load of the corresponding types of power costumers as
basis and considering the findings in item (3), determine and tabulate the probable
load combination of residential, commercial and power connected loads for your
developed power load area in item (3) which is 10 yrs hence.
B. Load Computations
5. Using appropriate demand factors for the different types of load connected and
indicated in item (4), calculate the maximum demand of the group of costumers
connected to each distribution transformers.
6. Using appropriate diversity factors between consumers, calculate the expected
simultaneous maximum demand on each distribution transformer in item (5).
7. Similarly, calculate the expected simultaneous maximum demand of the group of
distribution transformer on each feeder circuit.
8. Similarly, calculate the expected simultaneous maximum demand of the
corresponding feeder circuit on each substation period.
9. Similarly, calculate the expected simultaneous maximum demand of all
substations in item (8) connected to the power plant and estimate the probable
peak load on the power plant.
C. Power Plant Capacity

10. Using an appropriate load factor, tabulate, plot in scale and draw the probable
daily load curve.
11. Considering all probable reasonable additional load and estimated load growth
curve covering 5 years hence, calculate the total plant capacity.
D. Load Distribution System

12. Draw an schematic diagram of the electrical distribution system for the connected
loads shown in item (4) as indicated in the map of item (2) showing the groupings
of the connected loads, the distribution transformer in item (5), the feeder circuit
in item (6) and substation in item (8) to the power plant in item (9).
13. Show the groupings in item (12) on the maps in item (2) and indicate thereon the
power load center.
14. With the estimated plant capacity in item (11) and load variation in item (10) and
considering all pertinent factors obtained in the load area surveyed in items (3)
and (4), choose the type of power plant most suited therefore, whether diesel,
steam, or hydro discussing your reasons for choice showing also a comparative
studies based on capital investment and operating cost.
15. Considering the type of power plant choice in item (14), the location of the load
center in item (13) as indicated in the map of item (2), and the possible direction
of this power plant as load area become more populated and developed and
considering also the different factors in the thickness in the power plant size,
choose and indicate in map of item (2), the best site of your power plant.
E. Size and Numbers of Units

16. For the type of power plant chosen in item (14) and considering what standard
units are available in the market, study at least three possible combinations of the
necessary number of available standard units with the aid of normal daily load
owned in item (10) and choose the best combinations that gives the best balance
between numbers and sizes of available standard units. Show all computations for
the plant capacity and use factor for each combination.
17. Tabulate the normal daily operating schedule of the chosen units in item (16).
F. Selection of Equipment/machinery
18. Select and completely specify all machinery and equipment for the power plant
(including their auxiliaries and accessories).
G. Machinery Foundation.
19. Design and detail the necessary foundations and supports of heavy equipment
20. Make a complete bill of materials in item (14).
H. Power Plant Lay-out

21. Draw the scale and indicate in details, a lay-out plan and sectional views of your
power plant.
22. Draw the complete piping diagram in the conventional colors to indicate he fuel
lines, water lines, etc.
23. Make a complete bill of materials for the piping system in item (22).
I. Other Details
24. Design and detail the following:
a. For diesel plant: the cooling tower and all fuel oil tank
b. For steam plant: The boiler setting, chimney and foundation for both
c. For hydro plant: the penstock and the surge tank
J. Economic Studies
25. Compute the semi-monthly fuel delivery and cost for the diesel; steam plant; or
for hydro plant; depreciation cost, cost of maintenance and operation of the dam.
26. Estimate the cost per KW installed.
27. Estimate the cost per KW-hr delivered
28. Estimate the cost per KW-hr produced.
29. Show a complete computation for at least 3 power rate schedules and choose the
best adoptable in your case giving and discussing the reasons of your choice.
30. With the chosen power rate schedule in item (29), compute for the probable
annual profit and what percentages is this of the total fixed cost.
K. Plant Location
Make a location plant of the town and its vicinity and show the ideal plant site.
Assume this site can be bought for the purpose. Provide space for future expansion
for additional units
BACKGROUND OF THE MUNICIPALITY
San Jacinto, officially the Municipality of San Jacinto
(Pangasinan: Baley na San Jacinto; Ilocano: Ili ti San Jacinto;
Tagalog: Bayan ng San Jacinto), is a 3rd class municipality in
the province of Pangasinan. San Jacinto is a landlocked
municipality in the coastal province of Pangasinan. The
municipality has a land area of 44.18 square kilometers or
17.06 square miles which
constitutes 0.81% of Pangasinan's total area. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census
was 44,351. This represented 1.40% of the total population of Pangasinan province, or 0.84% of
the overall population of the Ilocos Region. Based on these figures, the population density is
computed at 1,004 inhabitants per square kilometer or 2,600 inhabitants per square mile.
Summary data
Type Municipality
Island group Luzon
Region Ilocos Region (Region I)
Province Pangasinan
Barangay count 19
Postal code 2431
Coastal/Landlocked landlocked
Marine waterbodies none (landlocked)
Philippine major island(s) Luzon
Area (2013) 44.18 km2 (17.06 sq mi)
Population (2020) 44,351
Density (2020) 1,004 / km2 (2,600 / sq mi)
Coordinates 16° 4' North, 120° 26' East (16.0735, 120.4370)
Estimated elevation above sea level 12.0 meters (39.4 feet)
 DEMOGRAPHICS
Population census of San Jacinto
Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1980 20,612 +1.94%
1903 5,014 — 1990 25,722 +2.24%
1918 6,714 +1.97% 1995 28,416 +1.88%
1939 7,853 +0.75% 2000 32,758 +3.10%
1948 10,313 +3.07% 2007 35,591 +1.15%
1960 13,384 +2.20% 2010 37,737 +2.15%
1970 16,583 +2.16% 2015 40,848 +1.52%
1975 18,722 +2.46% 2020 44,351 +1.63%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
 POVERTY INCIDENCE
The main source of livelihood of the residents include agriculture, construction, poultry,
dressing plant, cornhusk weaving, sand and gravel crushing plant and bag-and basket-making.
4th District Rep. Gina de Venecia initiated the Bayong and Corn–Husk Development
Project
fashioning these waste products into luxurious bags & baskets, and moccasins. From Manila, you
can reach San Jacinto, Pangasinan in 2 hours and 36 minutes without traffic via North Luzon
Expressway in the distance of 204 km. San Jacinto corn husks bayongs under the Jaime Ongpin
Foundation replaced plastic bags due to environmental concerns of San Jacinto Weavers
Association led by its president, Sixto Aquino.
 BARANGAYS IN SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN
San Jacinto has 19 barangays as shown in the following table.
Annual
Barangay Population Population Population Change Population
percentage (2020) (2020) (2015) (2015-2020) Growth Rate
(2015-2020)
Awai 2.49% 1,103 1,136 -2.90% -0.62%
Bagong Pag-asa 2.95% 1,309 1,312 -0.23% -0.05%
Bolo 4.20% 1,862 1,626 14.51% 2.89%
Capaoay 5.49% 2,436 2,556 -4.69% -1.01%
Casibong 6.41% 2,842 2,567 10.71% 2.17%
Guibel 4.87% 2,159 2,156 0.14% 0.03%
Imelda 3.38% 1,499 1,321 13.47% 2.70%
Labney 5.90% 2,615 2,199 18.92% 3.71%
Lobong 12.34% 5,474 4,798 14.09% 2.81%
Macayug 8.57% 3,803 3,149 20.77% 4.05%
Magsaysay 2.41% 1,068 1,059 0.85% 0.18%
San Guillermo 1.93% 855 920 -7.07% -1.53%
San Jose 7.15% 3,172 2,812 12.80% 2.57%
San Juan 4.47% 1,983 1,819 9.02% 1.83%
San Roque 3.82% 1,695 1,792 -5.41% -1.16%
San Vicente 10.98% 4,871 4,027 20.96% 4.09%
Santa Cruz 1.29% 573 551 3.99% 0.83%
Santa Maria 5.72% 2,538 2,690 -5.65% -1.22%
Santo Tomas 5.62% 2,494 2,358 5.77% 1.19%
San Jacinto Total 44,351 40,848 8.58% 1.75%
POWER LOAD SURVEY
 MAP OF SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN
Restaurants
Coffee Shops
Mini-grocery Stores
Schools
Clinic/Diagnostic Centers
Drug Stores
Stores
Bank/Remittance Centers
 POWER LOAD
LIGHTINGS
Residential Lightings
Class A
Lighting KW Rating
Bedroom 0.60
Living Room 0.45
Kitchen 0.55
Comfort room 0.25
Façade and backdoor 0.35
Outside lightings 0.30
Alleys and stairs 0.50
Garage 0.10
Dining room 0.30
Lamp post 0.20
Others 0.50
Total: 4.10
Class B
Lighting KW Rating
Bedroom 0.45
Living Room 0.30
Kitchen 0.35
Comfort room 0.15
Façade and backdoor 0.20
Outside lightings 0.30
Garage 0.10
Dining room 0.30
Others 0.50
Total: 2.65
Class C
Lighting KW Rating
Bedroom 0.25
Living Room 0.18
Kitchen 0.25
Comfort room 0.10
Dining room 0.25
Others 0.35
Total: 1.38
Commercial Lightings:
Lighting KW Rating
Street Lights 0.30
Restaurants 1.00
Coffee Shops 0.50
Mini-grocery Stores 1.20
Schools 3.20
Clinic/Diagnostic Center 1.00
Drug Stores 0.40
Stores 0.40
Bank/Remittance Center 1.80
Public Market 2.00
Church 0.50
Parlor/Barber Shop 0.40
Municipal Building 2.00
Small Industries
Junk Shop 0.70
Farm 1.00
Piggery/Poultry 1.20
Bakery 0.80
Computer Shop 1.00
Gasoline Station 0.30
General Power Services:
Appliances KW Rating
Refrigerator 1.20
Air Conditioner 3.00
Electric Fan 0.20
Washing Machine 0.70
Television 0.20
Sound System 0.30
Microwave Oven 2.50
Electric Range 1.00
Flat Iron 0.80
Bread Toaster 0.40
Computer 0.60
Electric Heater 0.80
 POWER LOAD SURVERY PER BARANGAY
Barangay: Awai No. of Households: 251 Total Population: 1,103

Residential Lighting No. of Consumers kW Rating Demand Factor Total kW
Class A 37 4.10 0.5 75.85
Class B 88 2.65 0.5 116.6
Class C 126 1.38 0.5 86.94
TOTAL 279.39
Commercial Lighting No. of Units kW Rating Demand Factor Total kW
Street Lights 20 0.30 0.7 4.2
Restaurants - 1.00 0.7
Coffee Shops - 0.50 0.7
Mini-grocery Stores - 1.20 0.55
Schools 1 3.20 0.8 2.56
Clinic/Diagnostic Center - 1.00 0.7
Drug Stores - 0.40 0.7
Stores - 0.40 0.55
Bank/Remittance Center - 1.80 0.7
Public Market - 2.00 0.55
Church 1 0.50 0.7 0.35
Parlor/Barber Shop - 0.40 0.7
Municipal Building - 2.00 0.6
Small Industries
Junk Shop - 0.70 0.6
Farm 2 1.00 0.6 1.2
Piggery/Poultry 4 1.20 0.6 2.88
Bakery - 0.80 0.6
Computer Shop - 1.00 0.6
Gasoline Station - 0.30 0.6
TOTAL 11.19
General Power Services
(Appliances) No. of Units kW Rating Demand Factor Total kW
Refrigerator 20 1.20 0.75 18
Air Conditioner 2 3.00 0.75 4.5
Electric Fan 150 0.20 0.75 22.5
Washing Machine 25 0.70 0.75 13.125
Television 100 0.20 0.75 15
Sound System - 0.30 0.75
Microwave Oven - 2.50 0.75
Electric Range - 1.00 0.75
Flat Iron 20 0.80 0.75 12
Bread Toaster 50 0.40 0.75 15
Computer 20 0.60 0.75 9
Electric Heater - 0.80 0.75
TOTAL 109.125
GRAND TOTAL 397.145
Barangay: Bagong Pag-asa No. of Households: 298 Total Population: 1,309

Class A 44 4.10 0.5 90.2
Class B 104 2.65 0.5 137.8
Class C 150 1.38 0.5 103.5
TOTAL 331.5
Coffee Shops 1 0.50 0.7 0.35
Schools - 3.20 0.8
Stores 2 0.40 0.55 0.44
Church - 0.50 0.7
Small Industries
Junk Shop 1 0.70 0.6 0.42
Farm - 1.00 0.6
Bakery - 0.80 0.6
Computer Shop 1 1.00 0.6 0.6
TOTAL 6.73
Electric Fan 120 0.20 0.75 18
Washing Machine 40 0.70 0.75 21
Television 220 0.20 0.75 33
Microwave Oven 3 2.50 0.75 5.625
Electric Range 2 1.00 0.75 1.5
Flat Iron 30 0.80 0.75 18
Computer 60 0.60 0.75 27
TOTAL 161.625
GRAND TOTAL 499.855
Barangay: Bolo No. of Households: 423 Total Population: 1,862

Class A 63 4.10 0.5 129.15
Class B 148 2.65 0.5 196.1
Class C 212 1.38 0.5 146.28
TOTAL 471.53
Mini-grocery Stores 1 1.20 0.55 0.68
Schools 1 3.20 0.8 2.56
Stores - 0.40 0.55
Church - 0.50 0.7
Small Industries
Farm - 1.00 0.6
Piggery/Poultry - 1.20 0.6
Bakery - 0.80 0.6
TOTAL 7.42
Electric Fan 200 0.20 0.75 30
Television 250 0.20 0.75 37.5
Flat Iron 15 0.80 0.75 9
Bread Toaster - 0.40 0.75
Computer 36 0.60 0.75 16.2
TOTAL 199.95
GRAND TOTAL 679.2
Barangay: Capaoay No. of Households: 554 Total Population: 2,436

Class A 83 4.10 0.5 170.15
Class B 194 2.65 0.5 257.05
Class C 277 1.38 0.5 191.13
TOTAL 618.33
Restaurants 8 1.00 0.7 5.6
Coffee Shops 6 0.50 0.7 2.1
Schools 1 3.20 0.8 2.56
Clinic/Diagnostic Center 2 1.00 0.7 1.4
Drug Stores 3 0.40 0.7 0.84
Stores 5 0.40 0.55 1.1
Bank/Remittance Center 4 1.80 0.7 5.04
Public Market 1 2.00 0.55 1.1
Church 2 0.50 0.7 0.7
Parlor/Barber Shop 4 0.40 0.7 1.12
Municipal Building 1 2.00 0.6 1.2
Small Industries
Junk Shop 2 0.70 0.6 0.86
Farm 3 1.00 0.6 1.8
Bakery 2 0.80 0.6 0.96
Gasoline Station 1 0.30 0.6 0.18
TOTAL 46.21
Refrigerator 112 1.20 0.75 100.8
Electric Fan 300 0.20 0.75 45
Television 300 0.20 0.75 45
Sound System 3 0.30 0.75 0.675
Microwave Oven 15 2.50 0.75 28.125
Electric Range 15 1.00 0.75 11.25
Flat Iron 40 0.80 0.75 24
Computer 90 0.60 0.75 40.5
Electric Heater 3 0.80 0.75 1.8
TOTAL 452.4
GRAND TOTAL 1,116.94
Barangay: Casibong No. of Households: 646 Total Population: 2,842

Class A 64 4.10 0.5 131.2
Class B 226 2.65 0.5 299.45
Class C 356 1.38 0.5 245.64
TOTAL 676.29
Coffee Shops 1 0.50 0.7 0.35
Schools 1 3.20 0.8 2.56
Stores 1 0.40 0.55 0.22
Public Market 1 2.00 0.55 1.1
Church - 0.50 0.7
Municipal Building 2.00 0.6
Small Industries
Junk Shop 1 0.70 0.6 0.42
Farm 3 1.00 0.6 1.8
Bakery 1 0.80 0.6 0.48
TOTAL 14.75
Electric Fan 350 0.20 0.75 52.5
Television 400 0.20 0.75 60
Sound System 2 0.30 0.75 0.45
Electric Range 4 1.00 0.75 3
Flat Iron 10 0.80 0.75 6
Computer 40 0.60 0.75 18
TOTAL 261.525
GRAND TOTAL 952.565
Barangay: Guibel No. of Households: 491 Total Population: 2,159

Class A 73 4.10 0.5 149.65
Class B 172 2.65 0.5 227.9
Class C 246 1.38 0.5 169.74
TOTAL 547.29
Schools 1 3.20 0.8 2.56
Clinic/Diagnostic Center 1 1.00 0.7 0.7
Stores 2 0.40 0.55 0.44
Church - 0.50 0.7
Small Industries
Junk Shop 2 0.70 0.6 0.84
Farm 2 1.00 0.6 1.2
Bakery 1 0.80 0.6 0.48
TOTAL 15.76
Electric Fan 220 0.20 0.75 33
Television 200 0.20 0.75 30
Flat Iron 20 0.80 0.75 12
Computer 40 0.60 0.75 18
TOTAL 243.45
GRAND TOTAL 806.5
Barangay: Imelda No. of Households: 341 Total Population: 1,499

Class A 51 4.10 0.5 104.55
Class B 119 2.65 0.5 157.675
Class C 171 1.38 0.5 117.99
TOTAL 380.215
Schools - 3.20 0.8
Stores - 0.40 0.55
Church - 0.50 0.7
Small Industries
Farm - 1.00 0.6
Bakery - 0.80 0.6
TOTAL 6.24
Electric Fan 190 0.20 0.75 28.5
Television 140 0.20 0.75 21
Flat Iron 10 0.80 0.75 6
Computer 20 0.60 0.75 9
TOTAL 153
GRAND TOTAL 539.455
Barangay: Labney No. of Households: 594 Total Population: 2,615

Class A 30 4.10 0.5 61.5
Class B 208 2.65 0.5 275.6
Class C 356 1.38 0.5 245.64
TOTAL 582.74
Schools 1 3.20 0.8 2.56
Stores 2 0.40 0.55 0.44
Church 1 0.50 0.7 0.35
Small Industries
Junk Shop 2 0.70 0.6 0.84
Farm 2 1.00 0.6 1.2
Bakery - 0.80 0.6
TOTAL 11.93
Air Conditioner - 3.00 0.75
Electric Fan 200 0.20 0.75 30
Television 200 0.20 0.75 30
Flat Iron 30 0.80 0.75 18
Computer 20 0.60 0.75 9
TOTAL 151.2
GRAND TOTAL 745.87
Barangay: Lobong No. of Households: 1,244 Total Population: 5,474

Class A 62 4.10 0.5 127.1
Class B 498 2.65 0.5 659.85
Class C 684 1.38 0.5 471.96
TOTAL 1,258.91
Schools 2 3.20 0.8 5.12
Stores 2 0.40 0.55 0.44
Church 2 0.50 0.7 0.7
Small Industries
Farm 1 1.00 0.6 0.6
Bakery 3 0.80 0.6 1.44
TOTAL 18.8
Electric Fan 300 0.20 0.75 45
Television 300 0.20 0.75 45
Flat Iron 20 0.80 0.75 12
Computer 70 0.60 0.75 31.5
TOTAL 219.825
Barangay: Macayug No. of Households: 864 Total Population: 3,803

Class A 86 4.10 0.5 176.3
Class B 302 2.65 0.5 400.15
Class C 475 1.38 0.5 327.75
TOTAL 904.2
Schools 1 3.20 0.8 2.56
Stores 3 0.40 0.55 0.66
Church 2 0.50 0.7 0.7
Small Industries
Farm - 1.00 0.6
Bakery 3 0.80 0.6 1.44
Computer Shop 5 1.00 0.6 3
TOTAL 15.4
Electric Fan 200 0.20 0.75 30
Television 200 0.20 0.75 30
Flat Iron 3 0.80 0.75 1.8
Computer 40 0.60 0.75 18
TOTAL 250.05
Barangay: Magsaysay No. of Households: 240 Total Population: 1,069

Class A 36 4.10 0.5 73.8
Class B 84 2.65 0.5 111.3
Class C 120 1.38 0.5 82.8
TOTAL 267.9
Schools 1 3.20 0.8 2.56
Stores 4 0.40 0.55 0.88
Church 2 0.50 0.7 0.7
Small Industries
Junk Shop 4 0.70 0.6 1.68
Farm - 1.00 0.6
Bakery 6 0.80 0.6 2.88
TOTAL 19.16
Electric Fan 220 0.20 0.75 33
Television 200 0.20 0.75 30
Flat Iron 20 0.80 0.75 12
Computer 40 0.60 0.75 18
TOTAL 196.2
GRAND TOTAL 483.26
Barangay: San Guillermo No. of Households: 194 Total Population: 855

Class A 29 4.10 0.5 59.45
Class B 68 2.65 0.5 90.1
Class C 97 1.38 0.5 66.93
TOTAL 216.48
Schools - 3.20 0.8
Stores 3 0.40 0.55 0.66
Church 1 0.50 0.7 0.35
Small Industries
Farm - 1.00 0.6
Bakery 2 0.80 0.6
TOTAL 5.36
Electric Fan 150 0.20 0.75 22.5
Television 170 0.20 0.75 25.5
Flat Iron 20 0.80 0.75 12
Computer 20 0.60 0.75 9
TOTAL 160.25
GRAND TOTAL 382.09
Barangay: San Jose No. of Households: 720 Total Population: 3,172

Class A 36 4.10 0.5 73.8
Class B 288 2.65 0.5 381.6
Class C 396 1.38 0.5 273.24
TOTAL 728.64
Schools - 3.20 0.8
Stores 3 0.40 0.55 0.66
Church 1 0.50 0.7 0.35
Small Industries
Farm 4 1.00 0.6 2.4
Bakery 2 0.80 0.6 0.96
TOTAL 14.25
Electric Fan 300 0.20 0.75 45
Television 300 0.20 0.75 45
Flat Iron 20 0.80 0.75 12
Computer 70 0.60 0.75 31.5
TOTAL 219.825
GRAND TOTAL 962.715
Barangay: San Juan No. of Households: 451 Total Population: 1,983

Class A 45 4.10 0.5 92.25
Class B 135 2.65 0.5 178.875
Class C 271 1.38 0.5 186.99
TOTAL 458.115
Schools - 3.20 0.8
Stores 3 0.40 0.55 0.66
Church 2 0.50 0.7 0.7
Small Industries
Farm 2 1.00 0.6 1.2
Bakery - 0.80 0.6
TOTAL 8.92
Electric Fan 190 0.20 0.75 28.5
Television 140 0.20 0.75 21
Flat Iron 10 0.80 0.75 6
Computer 20 0.60 0.75 9
Electric Heater 1 0.80 0.75
TOTAL 153.6
GRAND TOTAL 620.635
Barangay: San Roque No. of Households: 381 Total Population: 1,695

Class A 38 4.10 0.5 77.9
Class B 133 2.65 0.5 176.225
Class C 210 1.38 0.5 144.9
TOTAL 399.025
Schools 2 3.20 0.8 5.12
Stores 6 0.40 0.55 1.32
Church - 0.50 0.7
Small Industries
Junk Shop 2 0.70 0.6 0.84
Farm 5 1.00 0.6 3
Bakery - 0.80 0.6
TOTAL 21.44
Refrigerator 25 1.20 0.75 22.5
Electric Fan 200 0.20 0.75 30
Television 200 0.20 0.75 30
Flat Iron 30 0.80 0.75 18
Computer 20 0.60 0.75 9
TOTAL 146.7
GRAND TOTAL 576.165
Barangay: San Vicente No. of Households: 956 Total Population: 4,871

Class A 48 4.10 0.5 98.4
Class B 384 2.65 0.5 508.8
Class C 527 1.38 0.5 363.63
TOTAL 970.43
Schools 1 3.20 0.8 2.56
Stores 6 0.40 0.55 0.66
Church 4 0.50 0.7 1.4
Small Industries
Junk Shop 2 0.70 0.6 0.84
Farm 3 1.00 0.6 1.8
Bakery 3 0.80 0.6 1.44
TOTAL 23.24

Electric Fan 350 0.20 0.75 52.5
Television 400 0.20 0.75 60
Sound System 2 0.30 0.75 0.45
Flat Iron 10 0.80 0.75 6
Computer 40 0.60 0.75 18
TOTAL 254.325
GRAND TOTAL 1247.995

Barangay: Sta. Cruz No. of Households: 123 Total Population: 573
Class A 12 4.10 0.5 24.6
Class B 36 2.65 0.5 47.7
Class C 75 1.38 0.5 51.75
TOTAL 124.05
Schools - 3.20 0.8
Stores 1 0.40 0.55 0.22
Church - 0.50 0.7
Small Industries
Farm 1 1.00 0.6 0.6
Bakery - 0.80 0.6
TOTAL 5.74
Electric Fan 50 0.20 0.75 7.5
Television 80 0.20 0.75 12
Flat Iron 10 0.80 0.75 6
Bread Toaster 5 0.40 0.75 1.5
Computer 5 0.60 0.75 2.25
TOTAL 73.5
GRAND TOTAL 203.29

Barangay: Sta. Maria No. of Households: 546 Total Population: 2,538
Class A 82 4.10 0.5 172.2
Class B 191 2.65 0.5 253.075
Class C 273 1.38 0.5 188.37
TOTAL 613.645
Schools 2 3.20 0.8 5.12
Stores 5 0.40 0.55 1.2
Church - 0.50 0.7
Small Industries
Junk Shop 2 0.70 0.6 0.84
Farm 5 1.00 0.6 3
Bakery 2 0.80 0.6 0.96
TOTAL 23.66
Electric Fan 350 0.20 0.75 52.5
Television 400 0.20 0.75 60
Sound System 2 0.30 0.75 0.45
Microwave Oven - 2.50 0.75 -
Flat Iron 10 0.80 0.75 6
Computer 40 0.60 0.75 18
TOTAL 255.9
GRAND TOTAL 693.205

Barangay: Sto. Thomas No. of Households: 531 Total Population: 2,494
Class A 29 4.10 0.5 59.45
Class B 180 2.65 0.5 238.5
Class C 322 1.38 0.5 222.18
TOTAL 520.13
Schools 1 3.20 0.8 2.56
Drug Stores 2 0.40 0.7 0.56
Stores 12 0.40 0.55 2.64
Church 3 0.50 0.7 1.05
Small Industries
Junk Shop 3 0.70 0.6 1.26
Farm - 1.00 0.6
Bakery 6 0.80 0.6 2.88
TOTAL 26.37
Air Conditioner 8 3.00 0.75 18
Electric Fan 300 0.20 0.75 45
Television 300 0.20 0.75 45
Sound System 3 0.30 0.75 0.675
Flat Iron 40 0.80 0.75 24
Computer 40 0.60 0.75 18
TOTAL 258.675
GRAND TOTAL 805.175

LOAD COMPUTATIONS
 Demand Factors used in Power Load Survey Computation
TYPE OF LOAD DEMAND FACTOR

Residential Lighting
Class A 0.5
Class B 0.5
Class C 0.5
Commercial Lighting
Street Lights 0.7
Restaurants 0.7
Coffee Shops 0.7
Mini-grocery Stores 0.55
Schools 0.8
Clinic/Diagnostic Center 0.7
Drug Stores 0.7
Stores 0.55
Bank/Remittance Center 0.7
Public Market 0.55
Church 0.7
Parlor/Barber Shop 0.7
Municipal Building 0.6
Small Industries
Junk Shop 0.6
Farm 0.6
Piggery/Poultry 0.6
Bakery 0.6
Computer Shop 0.6
Gasoline Station 0.6
General Power Services (Appliances)
Refrigerator 0.75
Air Conditioner 0.75
Electric Fan 0.75
Washing Machine 0.75
Television 0.75
Sound System 0.75
Microwave Oven 0.75
Electric Range 0.75
Flat Iron 0.75
Bread Toaster 0.75
Computer 0.75
Electric Heater 0.75
Summary of Total Load Consumption (kW)
Barangay Residential Commercial General Power Total

Lighting Lighting Services
Awai 279.39 11.19 109.125 397.145
Bagong Pag-asa 331.5 6.73 161.625 499.855
Bolo 471.53 7.42 199.95 679.2
Capaoay 618.33 46.21 452.4 1116.94
Casibong 676.29 14.75 261.525 952.565
Guibel 547.29 15.76 243.45 806.5
Imelda 380.215 6.24 153 539.455
Labney 582.74 11.93 151.2 745.87
Lobong 1258.91 18.8 219.825 1497.535
Macayug 904.2 15.4 250.05 1169.65
Magsaysay 267.9 19.16 196.2 483.26
San Guillermo 216.48 5.36 160.25 382.25
San Jose 728.64 14.25 219.825 962.825
San Juan 458.115 8.92 153.6 620.6
San Roque 399.025 21.44 146.7 576.165
San Vicente 970.43 23.24 254.325 1247.995
Sta. Cruz 124.05 5.74 73.5 203.29
Sta. Maria 613.645 23.66 255.9 693.205
Sto Thomas 520.13 26.37 258.675 805.175
TOTAL 10,348.81 302.57 3,921.125 14,572.505
Maximum Demand = 14,572.505 kW
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 14,572.505

𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 =
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑡. 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 1.3
=
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 11,209.62𝑘𝑊
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 11,209.62
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑡. 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑟 1.2
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 9,341.35𝑘𝑊
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = = 9,341.35
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑡. 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 1.1
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 8,492.14 𝑘𝑊
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 + 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

Add 5% reserved load to peak load;
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 8,492.14 + 0.05(8,492.14) = 8,916.74

𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 8.92 𝑀𝑊
POWER PLANT CAPACITY
 Daily Kilowatt Load
Time Kilowatt Load

1:00 am 3097.24
2:00 am 2847.56
3:00 am 2743.74
4:00 am 2525.24
5:00 am 2634.48
6:00 am 3574.24
7:00 am 3925.64
8:00 am 4723.48
9:00 am 4853.38
10:00 am 5236.23
11:00 am 6536.73
12:00 pm 7535.64
1:00 pm 7356.32
2:00 pm 7452.35
3:00 pm 7435.73
4:00 pm 7324.64
5:00 pm 7246.46
6:00 pm 7107.34
7:00 pm 6462.74
8:00 pm 6236.73
9:00 pm 5326.48
10:00 pm 4895.93
11:00 pm 4285.96
12:00 am 3484.35
 Daily Load Curve
Time
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
Time
 Projection of Power Plant Capacity after 5 Years
According to Philippine Statistics Authority, the population growth in San Jacinto,

Pangasinan from 2015-2020 is 8.58%. We use this as an increase in the plant capacity 5 years
hence.
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = (1.0858)(8.92 𝑀𝑊)
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 9.69 𝑀𝑊, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 10𝑀𝑊

LOAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 Schematic Diagram of Electrical Distribution System

 Location of Electrical Distribution System
Consumers
Transmission
Substation
Feeder
Consumers TransformerCircuit
Feeder
Circuit
SJ Diesel Power Plant
Transmission
Substation Consumers
Transformer
Consumers
Transmission
Substation
Transformer
Feeder
Circuit
Consumers
 Type of Power Plant
Diesel Power Plant is the most suitable kind of power plant that can be installed in this town due
to the nature of the location and the load demand. Diesel power plants do not require a great
amount of coal and water to generate electricity. Since most of the area in San Jacinto is land and
there is not much bodies of water, other types of power plant like hydroelectric and steam power
plant are not feasible. Also, it is ideal since diesel power plants are in the range of 2 to 50MW
capacity. The plant capacity of the proposed diesel power plant is 10 MW which is within this
range.
SIZE AND NUMBER OF UNITS
 Diesel Engine Selection
ENGINE NO. CAPACITY, kW

1 4000
2 4500
3 6500
 Operating Schedule
TIME ENGINE OPERATION

12:00 am Stop engine 3, start engine 1
11:00 am Stop engine 1, start engine 2
5:45 pm Stop engine 2, start engine 3
ENGINE NO. NO. OF HOURS OF OPERATION

1 11 hours
2 6 hours and 45 minutes
3 6 hours and 15 minutes
NOTE:
Use standby unit in the case the other unit is under repair or not functioning
Basis:
Highest engine capacity, 8300 kW
Standby Unit: engine 4500 kW

 Engine Specifications
ENGINE 1
Engine Type SACM (France) 20 cylinders

Capacity, Kw 4000 kw
Engine 810
Generator 6000V
Overall Engine Dimension, mm
Length 3800
Width 1350
Height 2120
Weight, tons 8.4
No. of Cylinders 9
Speed, rpm 1000
Frequency, Hz 50
4,000 kW Diesel Generators (3 each available)

50Hz. 3-Phase, 6000 each unit: 4000 kW diesel
engine SACM (France) 20 cylinders, 1500 rpm, water
cooled 5000 kVA alternator 3 phases, 6000V, 481A,
50Hz.
ANSALDO (Italy). Cooling radiator with electric fan, air compressor for starting engine plant,
fuel pump and double filters plant, filters inlet engine air plant, hydraulic plant for power station
automation general system. Exhaust diesel engine silencer and supports. Transformer 6000 to
400 Volts, for power plant utility. High voltage distributor and regulator. Low voltage
distributor and regulator. Air blower in each generator room. Other instruments, valves, circuit
breaker, alarm, etc. for the safety and control systems. Handbook, drawing, test reports of all
power stations.
ENGINE 2
Engine Type MAN Diesel nine-cylinder 32/40

Engine 405
Generator 390
Length 2700
Width 1350
Height 1900
Weight, tons 5.4
No. of Cylinders 5
Speed, rpm 900 rpm
Frequency, Hz 60
The MAN Diesel 32/40 engine. The Simon Stevin is powered by five MAN Diesel nine-cylinder
32/40 main engines. Each delivers 4,500 kW at 900 rpm and is manufactured by STX Engine
Co., Ltd., MAN Diesel’s Korean licensee. The five engines comprise a diesel-electric power
plant that generates enough electricity to power a city of 130,000 people, according to the ship
owner
ENGINE 3
Engine Type 14 L 20/27 DG

Engine 1260
Generator 2400V
Length 4350
Width 1510
Height 2750
Weight, tons 12.2
No. of Cylinders 14
Speed, rpm 1000 rpm
Frequency, Hz 60
18.6 MW Diesel Power 4 Wartsila Vasa Diesel Generators

60Hz
Fully functional and well-maintained.
Engine Model: VASA 16V32E
Engine speed: 1000 rpm
Normal output: 5907 KW/ 7125 KVA
Configuration: V-Line (form)
No. of cylinders: 16
No. of valves: 2 inlet, 2 outlet
Fuel: Diesel (HFO with some minor modifications)
Generator: (Alternator): Self cooled, 3-phase brushless; synchronous generator
Make: Leroy Somer
Type: RP38AZ/10P
Generator Voltage: 2400V +/-5%
Speed: 720 rpm
Frequency: 60Hz
Governor Make: Woodward PGG58
Turbocharger Make: ABB
Model: 354
Mounted: at free end with complete electrical & mechanical auxiliaries.
SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT/MACHINERY
 Selection For Air Compressor
Air compressor for starting air requirements:
Refer:
Power Plant Theory and Design by Potter, p 585
Compressed air injected into one or more cylinders of the engine is the most common
method of starting low and medium speed diesel of several hundred or more horsepower rating
air at 250 psig or up to 350 psig is used.
Refer:
Internal Combustion Engine by Maleev p 573
Volume of air tank necessary to start the engine to start the engine may be taken as 7 to
10 times the piston displacement for large engine.
Use: 8.5 and addition of 5 to 8% allowance
Volume of Air Tank = 8.5 Vd
Where:
Vd = π/4 x D2 L
D = engine bore
L = engine stroke
Refer:
MAN B&W Diesel L-V20/27DG
Main data: Bore = 200mm
Stroke = 270mm
Vd = π/4 x 2002 x 270

= 8482300.165 mm3
= 0.3 cu. ft.
Volume of Air Tank with 8% allowance = (8.5)(1.08)(Vd)

= 8.5 x 1.08 x 0.3
= 2.754 cu. Ft
Refer:
Diesel Engineering Handbook by Morrison
Vs = Q = PV/15T
Where:
Q = compressor capacity
P = starting air pressure, psia
V = volume of air tank, cu.ft
T = time of filling the tank, in
Starting air pressure: 300 psig
Time to fill the air tank: assume to be 1 min.

Vs = PV/15T
= (300 + 14.7) (2.754)/ 15(1)
= 57.78 cfm
Refer:
Kent’s Mechanical Engineering Handbook, Power Volume p.1-42 equation 16
hp = N(k/k-1)(P1Vs/229.2)[(P/P1)(k-1/N) - 1]
Where:
hp = rated horsepower
N = no. of stages
P1 = atmospheric pressure, 14.7 psia
P = starting air pressure, psia
k = 1.4 for air
Vs = compressor capacity, cfm
Use: Two stages compressor
hp = 2(1.4/1.4-1)(14.7 x 57.779/229.2)[((300+14.7)/14/7)((1.4 – 1)/2 x 1.4) - 1]

= 14.244 Hp
For air compressor specifications:
Refer:
American 1MC Air Compressor
Piston Type Air Compressor
SPECIFICATIONS OF AIR COMPRESSOR
Model No. 91512

hp 15
Air Displacement (SCFM) 84.4
Air Delivered, (ACFM) 72.1
Receiver Gallons 120H
Voltage, Phase/ Hz. 208-230-460-3-60
Overall Size (L x W x H, in.) 75 x 29 x 56
Weight (lbs.) 1359
 Selection For Overhead Crane
Overhead crane is usually seen in most industrial plant or manufacturing company for
lifting any heavy equipment/machine or materials.
Selection proper:
Consider the heaviest weight of the materials to be lifted.
Basis: 1260 kW.

Refer: MAN B&W Diesel L-V20/27DG
Weight: 12.2 tons
Refer:
Table 10.42, Mark’s Mechanical Engineering Handbook, p 10-28
SPECIFICATIONS OF OVERHEAD CRANE
Capacity (tons) 16
Span (ft.) 100
Standard lift, main hoist (ft.) 84
Standard hoist speed (ft./min) 19
Maximum load per wheel (lb.) 30,560
Runaway rail (lb./ yard) 80
No. of Bridge wheels 4
Note:
a. Trolley speeds 50-70ft/min and bridge speed 100-150 ft/min

b. For each 10 ft extra lift, increase H by x
c. Direct loads, no impact
 Selection for Pumps
A. COOLING TOWER PUMPS
Data:
Refer to Design for Cooling System

Liang Chi LBC Model
FOR COOLING TOWER NO. 1

Jacket/raw water pumps
Nominal water flow = 330 liters/min = 0.330 m3/min
Refer:
Warman Pumps, SC model
SPECIFICATION OF COOLING TOWER PUMP 1
Pump Size 3-2 SC

Diameter (mm)
Intake side 80
Discharge 50
Standard Range of Application
Discharge (m3/min.) 0.15 -1.00
Total Head (m) 6 -45
Maximum Speed (rpm) 2760
Nominal Maximum Shaft Power (kW) 12
Allowable Motor Output (kW) 11
Weight (kg) 103
MAKE- UP WATER PUMP OF COOLING TOWER 1
Make-up water flow = 23.16 liters/min = 0.02316m3/min
Refer:
SPECIFICATION OF MAKE- UP WATER PUMP FOR COOLING TOWER 1
Pump Size 1- ¾ SC
Diameter (mm)
Intake side 25
Discharge 20
Discharge (m3/min.) 0.02 – 0.22
Nominal Maximum Shaft Power (kW) 3.7
Allowable Motor Output (kW) 2.2
Weight (kg) 32
Pump Size 3-2 SC

Diameter (mm)
Intake side 80
Discharge 50
Weight (kg) 103
Refer:
Warman Pumps, SC mode
Pump Size 1- ¾ SC
Diameter (mm)
Intake side 25
Discharge 20
Weight (kg) 32
Jacket/raw water pumps
Nominal water flow = 540 liters/min = 0.540 m3/min
Refer:
Pump Size 3-2 SC

Diameter (mm)
Intake side 80
Discharge 50
Weight (kg) 103
Refer:
Pump Size 1- ¾ SC
Diameter (mm)
Intake side 25
Discharge 20
Weight (kg) 32
B. FUEL OIL PUMPS
Data:
Refer to design for fuel oil supply system
Transfer fuel oil pump
Refer:
Power Plant Engineering by Morse, p. 590
The engine will have a shaft driven transfer pump that supplies the fuel oil to the main engine
pumps.
Day tank capacity = 5687.92 liters

No of hours to fill the tank = assume to be 1hr.
Fuel oil flow = 5687.92 /60 = 94.99 liters/hrs
Refer:
Ebara Corporation, Gear Pumps Model GP
Model GP (60Hz)
SPECIFICATION OF FUEL OIL PUMP
Model 50 GPH 611

Capacity (L/ hr.) 224
Output (kW) 11
Maximum Discharge 1470 kPa
.
Delivery Fuel Oil Pump
Since there are 3 identical storage tanks with fuel capacity per tank of 17063.76 liters.
No of hours to fill the tank = assume to be 1 hrs
Fuel oil flow = 17063.76 /1 x 60 = 284.39 liters per min
Refer:
Ebara Corporation, gear pumps model GP

Model GP (60Hz)
C. LUBE- OIL PUMPS
Data:
Refer to Design for Lubricating Oil System

Refer:
Power Plant Theory and Design by Potter p. 587
The main lube oil pumps may be driven from the engine shaft: they are usually gear type
pumps. An auxiliary motor driven oil pump should be supplied for emergency purposes. This
pump may also be used as a before and after pump; i.e., to supply oil to the engine before
starting and after shut down.
ENGINE NO. 1
Lube oil pump
Lube oil capacity = 30.81 liter
Time to fill the sump tank = Assume 8 min to fill the tank
Lube oil flow = 30.81 /8
= 3.85 liter/min
Refer:
Ebara Corporation, gear pumps, model GP

Model GP (60 Hz)
SPECIFICATION OF DELIVERY FUEL OIL PUMP
Model 50 GPE 6.4

Output (kW) 0.4
ENGINE NO. 2
Lube oil pump
Lube oil capacity = 6.34liter
Lube oil flow = 6.34/2
= 3.17 liter/min
Refer:

Model GP (60 Hz)
Model 50 GPE 6.4

Output (kW) 0.4
ENGINE NO. 3
Lube oil pump
Lube oil capacity = 19.73liter
Lube oil flow = 6.34/6
= 3.29 liter/min
Refer:

Model GP (60 Hz)
Model 50 GPE 6.4

Output (kW) 0.4
DESIGN FOR PIPING SYSTEM
Refer:
Power Plant Design Engineering by Morse section 14-13 p.615
In the piping system design, select the weight, classification and materials to be used in
various sections of the piping system and calculate the diameter and specify the nominal sizes.
Pipe materials;
Refer:
Power Plant Engineering by Morse, commercial pipes, p.572
Wrought steel – Most power plant piping is low cost and strong wrought steel pipes.
Protective coating of zinc increases the resistance to the corrosion. Oil pipe are designated with
red
Refer:
Kent’s handbook, p.6-02
Wrought iron – In the power plant, it is favored foe condensate, feed water and blow-off lines. It
is not advisable to employ it when pre- exceeds 17.5 kg/m2.
Delivery pump to storage tanks piping connections
Refer:
Delivery Fuel Oil Pump, Ebara Connections
Discharge diameter: 120mm or 4.7244 in.
Refer:
Table 11.65c Properties of Pipes, PSME Code, pp.200
Nominal Size of Pipe (in.) ………………………………. 5

Outside Diameter of Pipe (in.) ………………………………. 5.563
Inside Diameter of Pipe (in.) ………………………………. 5.407
Wall Thickness (in.) ………………………………. .258
Weight of Pipe (lb/ft.) ………………………………. 14.62
Day tank to engine piping connections
Determine the required diameter of the pipe by using the formula
Q = AV
Where:
Q = flow rate
A = area = π D2/4
D = diameter
V = velocity
ENGINE NO. 1
Refer:
Power Plants: MAN B&W diesel L-V20/27DG

Design for fuel oil supply system
Fuel consumption in diesel = 200g/kWh
Fuel consumption per day = 30.81 liter/hr
Conversion factor: 1gal = 3.785 liters
1 cu.ft = 7.481 gal
Fuel consumption = 0.1356 gal/min
Refer:
Table 2.6, Power Plant Theory and Design, p 72 Recommended Fuel Oil Velocity: 250
ft/min
A = Q/V
= 0.1356/ (7.481) (250)
= 7.25x 10-5 ft2
= 0.010 in2
D2 = 4A/π
= 4(0.009)/ π = 0.13 in
Refer:
Table 11.6.5 C Properties of Pipes, PSME Code, p 200
Nominal Size of Pipe (in.) ………………………………. 1/8

Wall Thickness (in.) ………………………………. 0.068
ENGINE NO. 2
Refer:
1 cu.ft = 7.481 gal
Fuel consumption = 0.0279 gal/min
Refer:
ft/min
A = Q/V
= 0.0279 / (7.481) (250)
= 1.49x 10-5 ft2
= 0.00215 in2
D2 = 4A/π
= 4(0.009)/ π = 0.0273 in
Refer:

ENGINE NO. 3
Refer:
1 cu.ft = 7.481 gal
Fuel consumption = 0.0868gal/min
Refer:
ft/min
A = Q/V
= 0.0868/ (7.481) (250)
= 4.64x 10-5 ft2
= 0.00215 in2
D2 = 4A/π
= 4(0.009)/ π = 0.0591 in
Refer:

MACHINERY FOUNDATION
Function of machine foundation,
1. To support the weight of the machine and to distribute the weight of the machine and its
own over a safe sub-soil area.
2. To absorb the vibrations produced by the machine.
3. To maintain the alignment of the machine.
Design produce in Machine Foundation Manufacturers Manual Supplies Foundation

Drawings but in the absence of such drawings the following guide can be used.
Refer: PSME Code, pp. 9-11; Morse pp. 108-113

Knowing the bedplate dimensions of the machine determine the upper dimensions of the
foundation “a” and “L”. Allow a clearance from the edge of about one foot or about 10% of the
length of the bedplate.
1. Knowing the weight of the machine, Wm, determined the required weight of the
foundation, Wf, by any of the following methods;
a) Wf = 3 to 5 times the Wm (Sec.2.4.1.2, PSME Code)
b) Wf = e x We x √N
Where: Wf – weight of the foundation, kg
We – weight of the engine, kg
N – Engine speed, rpm
e – Empirical coefficient,
[Table 2.4.23(4), PSME Code]
c) Volume of foundation can be computed based on hp of the engine, [table
2.4.2.3(4), PSME code]
d) Weight of foundation can be computed based on the hp of the engine. (Morse,
table 4-5 p. 108)
2. Knowing the bearing capacity of the soil, solve for the base width “b” for machine
foundation use only ½ of the given safe bearing capacity. The safe bearing capacity is
computed using a factor safety of 5..
Sb = Wm + Wf
2 bL
Where: Sb = safe soil bearing capacity

Note:
If “b” will come out less than “a” then make b = a, that is the foundation has a rectangular cross-
section.
3. Using a density of 2406 kg/m3 for concrete, determined the volume of the foundation
Vf = Wf/2406; m3
4. Compute the depth of the foundation “h”
Vf = [(a + b)/2] hL
5. Finalize the design; make adjustment in the dimensions if necessary provided the
required volume is maintained and without reducing the required base area.
6. Use class A (1:2:4) mixture, that is, 1 part cement, 2 part sand, and 4 parts stone.
7. Determined the quality of cement, sand and stone using the following data
To produce 1 cu. Yd of concrete using 1:2:4 mixture, the following are needed. 6 sacks
cement; 0.44 cu. yd. sand; 0.88 cu. yd. stone.
8. Weight of steel bar reinforcements needed should be about ½% to 1% of the weight of
the foundation.
9. Anchor bolts should be imbedded in the concrete at least 30 times the bolt diameter.
ENGINE NO. 1 FOUNDATION
Data:
Capacity 4000kW
Length 3800 mm
Width 1350 mm
Height 2120 mm
Weight 8.4 tons
Rated rpm 1000 rpm
Consider the soil bearing capacity of the site is clay soft taken from table 4 – 4, Morse, p.
105 9.5 – 19.5 tons/m2
Use: 14000 kg/m2

Consider a clearance from the edges of about 1 foot, say 300mm
L = 3800 + 2(300) = 4400 mm
W = 1350 + 2(300) = 1950 mm
The width (W), however, will be checked against the given soil bearing capacity. A
suitable equation for calculating the weight of foundation Wf, is that from the PSME Code, p. 11
Wf = e x We x√N
Where:
e = 0.11 (from Table 2.4.2.3(4))
Wf = 0.11 x 8400 x √1000
Wf = 29219.45 kg
Solving for the required value of the width (W): for the machine foundation the given
bearing capacity of the soil is divide by 2
Thus;
Sb = Wm + Wf
2 bL
14000 = 8400 + 29219.45

2 b (4.4)
b = 1.221 m = 1221 mm
Therefore:
The value for W of 1950 mm earlier calculated is very safe!!!
Solving for the depth (D) of the foundation:

Density of concrete: 2406 kg/m3
Volume of foundation (Vf) = Wf
ρconcrete
= 29219.45
2406
= 12.144 m3
Since the value of “b” is less than “a”, then make b = a = 1950 mm, that is, the
foundation has a rectangular cross – section.
Vf = L x W x D
12.144 = 4.40 x 1.95 x D

D = 1.415 m = 1415 mm
Checked whether the foundation is safe,
Sb ≥ We + Wf
2 bL
14000 ≥ 8400 + 29219.45

2 (1.95) (4.400)
7000 ≥ 4384.55
Therefore:
Foundation is safe from direct settlement.
Moment of eccentricity of the engine

The weight of the engine is not uniformly distributed probably two-thirds of it is in the
engine itself.
Consider the average soil stress:
= Wf + We
Base Area
= 29219.45 + 8400
(1.95)(4.400)
= 4384.55 kg/m3
The moment of unbalanced weight distribution will increased this somewhat. Therefore,
take one third of the engine weight (We) as an eccentric load and estimate that the eccentricity
from mid base is 0.675m.
Using flexure stress formula:
fb = Mx
Where:
M = bending moment
x = maximum distance, neutral axis to edge of cross section
I = moment of inertia
M = (1/3 x We) / e = (1/3 x 8400)/ .675 = 4,148.148 kg-m

x = L/2 = 4.40/2 = 2.20
I = bL3/12 = (1.95)(4.40)3/12 = 13.842 m4
fb = (4,148.148)(2.20)/13.842
= 659.273 kg/m2
Extreme soil stress must be less than the soil bearing capacity to ensure the safeness of the
foundation.
But:
Extreme Soil Stress = Average Soil Stress + Flexure Stress
= 4384.55 + 659.273
= 5043.823kg/m2
Soil bearing capacity > extreme soil stress
1400 > 5043.823
2
7000 > 5043.823
Therefore:
Foundation is safe!!!
Consider the volume of each foundation materials foundations are preferably built of concrete in
the proportion of 1:2:4. The machine should not be placed on the foundation until seven (7) days
have passed. PSME Code sec. 2.4, 2.2, p 10.
Use class A (1:2:4) mixture, that is 1 part cement, 2 parts sand and 4 part stone.
To determine the quantity of cement, sand and stone use the following data.
Refer: Mechanical Engineering Formula by Jas Tordillo, p 200
To produce 1 cu yd of concrete using 1:2:4 mixture, the following are needed: 6 sacks cement,
0.44 cu yd sand and 0.88 cu yd stone. Or,
For 1:2:4 mixture, 1 m3 concrete requires 7.8 sacks (7.8 ft 3) of cement, 0.44 m3 of sand and 0.88
m3 of stone.
Volume of foundation = 12.144 m3

Quantity of cement = (12.144) (7.8)
= 95 sacks
= 95 ft3
= 2.68 m3
Quantity of sand = (0.44) (12.144)
= 5.34 m3
Quantity of stone = (0.88) (12.144)
= 10.69 m3
From building construction code, by Fajardo, Table 4 – 2, p. 81, cement to water

ratio: 1:20. One bag of cement is to 20 liters of water.
Size and number of reinforcement bar
Concrete foundation should have steel bar reinforcements placed both vertically and
horizontally, to avoid thermal cracking, weight of reinforced steel should be from ½ % to 1% of
the weight of foundation.
For weight of reinforced steel bar,
Use: ¾ % of the weight of the foundation
From Kent’s Design Handbook,
Weight of ½ in. steel bars is 0.668 lb/ft
Therefore, weight of 20 ft long bar is:
= 0.668 x 20
= 13.36 lbs.
= 6.06 kg
No. of ½ in. steel bar = 0.0075 Wf
6.06
= 0.0075 (29219.45)
6.06
= 37pcs.
Foundation bolts
To prevent pulling out of the bolts when the nuts are tightened, the anchor bolts should be
imbedded in the concrete at less 30 times the bolt diameter. Foundation bolts of specified size
should be used and surrounded by a pipe sleeve with an inside diameter of at least 3 times the
diameter of the anchor bolt and a length of 18 times the diameter of the bolt. No foundation bolts
shall be less than 12mm diameter. The upper ends are surrounded by a 50mm or 75mm sheet
metal pipe, 460mm to 610mm long to permit them to be bent slightly to fit the hole in the bed
plate. [PSME Code, sec 2.4,2.3(6), p11]
From Internal Combustion Engine by Maleev, p.142
Bolt diameter = 1/8 x cylinder bore
Note:
All engine use has the same bore and stroke
Refer:
Man B&W Diesel L-V 20/27 DG catalogue
Bore: 200mm
Stroke: 270mm
Bolt diameter = 1/8 x 200
= 25mm
Use 1 in. standard size bolt diameter [at – 14, DME by Faires, p 588]
Length of bolt = 30 x bolt diameter
= 30 x 25.4
= 762mm
Length of hook on L-end = 5 x bolt diameter
= 5 x 25.4
= 127mm
Length of threaded section = 2.5 x nut height
But nut height = bolt diameter
= 2.5 x 25.4
= 63.5mm
Consider the following data:
Grout thickness: 1 ½ in. (38.1mm)
Machine bedplate thickness: 1 in. (25.4mm)
Washer thickness: ¼ in (6.35mm)
Total length of anchor bolt = 762 + 127 + 6.35 + 38.1 +25.4 + 6.35
= 1022.35mm
Pipe sleeve inside diameter = 3 x bolt diameter
= 3 x 25.4
=76.2mm
Length of pipe sleeve = 18 x bolt diameter
= 18 x 25.4
= 457.2mm
Specification of foundation bolts
Bolt diameter: 1 in. (25.4mm)
Length: 1022.35mm
Pipe sleeve inside diameter: 76.2mm
Length: 457.2mm
Number of foundation bolts
No of bolt = 2N + 2
Where: N = no of cylinders
N = 9 for engine 3
No of bolt = 2(8) + 2
= 20 pcs.
ENGINE NO.2 FOUNDATION
Data:
Capacity 4500kW
Length 2700 mm
Width 1350mm
Height 1900 mm
Weight 5.4 tons
Rated rpm 900 rpm
105 9.5 – 19.5 tons/m2
Use: 14000 kg/m2
L = 2700 + 2(300) = 3300mm
W = 1350+ 2(300) = 1950mm
Wf = e x We x√N
Where:
e = 0.11 (from Table 2.4.2.3(4))
Wf = 0.11 x 5400 x √900
Wf = 17820 kg
Thus;
Sb = Wm + Wf
2 bL
14000 = 5400 + 17820

2 b (4.950)
b = 0.670 m = 670 mm
Therefore:
ρconcrete
= 17820
17820 / 2406
= 7.41 m3
Since the value of “b” is less than”a”, then make b = a = 2110 mm, that is, the foundation
has a rectangular cross – section.
Vf = L x W x D
7.41 = 3.30 x 1.95 x D

D = 1.15 m = 1150mm
Checked whether the foundation is safe,
Sb ≥ We + Wf
2 bL
14000 ≥ 5400 + 17820

2 (3.30) (1.95)
7000 ≥ 3608.39
Therefore:
engine itself.
= Wf + We
Base Area
= 5400 + 17820
(3.30)(1.95)
= 3608.39kg/m3
fb = Mx
Where:
M = bending moment
M = (1/3 x We)/ e = 1/3 x 5400 x .675 = 1215 kg-m
x = L/2 = 3.3/2 = 1.65
I = bL3/12 = (1.95)(3.30)3/12 = 5.84 m4
fb = (1215)(1.65)/5.84
= 343.29 kg/m2
foundation.
But:
= 3608.39+ 343.29
= 3950.68 kg/m2
1400 > 3950.68
2
7000 > 3950.68
Therefore:

0.44 cu yd sand and 0.88 cu yd stone. Or, For 1:2:4 mixture, 1 m3 concrete requires 7.8 sacks
(7.8 ft3) of cement, 0.44 m3 of sand and 0.88 m3 of stone.
= 58 sacks
=58 ft3
= 1.64 m3
= 3.26 m3
= 6.52 m3

= 0.668 x 20
= 13.36 lbs. = 6.06 kg
6.06
= 0.0075 (17820)
6.06
= 23 pcs.
Foundation bolts
plate.[PSME Code, sec 2.4,2.3(6), p11]
Note:
Refer:
Bore: 200mm
Stroke: 270mm
= 25mm
= 30 x 25.4
= 762mm
= 5 x 25.4
= 127mm
= 2.5 x 25.4
= 63.5mm
= 1022.35mm
= 3 x 25.4
=76.2mm
= 18 x 25.4
= 457.2mm
Length: 1022.35mm
Length: 457.2mm
No of bolt = 2N + 2
N = 5 for engine 2
No of bolt = 2(5) + 2
= 12 pcs.
ENGINE NO.3/STANDBY FOUNDATION
Data:
Capacity 6500 kW
Length 4350 mm
Width 1510 mm
Height 2750 mm
Weight 12.2 tons
Rated rpm 1000 rpm
105 9.5 – 19.5 tons/m2
Use: 14000 kg/m2

L = 4350 + 2(300) = 4950mm
W = 1510 + 2(300) = 2110mm
Wf = e x We x√N
Where:
e = 0.11 (from Table 2.4.2.3(4))
Wf = 0.11 x 12200 x √1000
Wf = 42437.76 kg
Thus;
Sb = Wm + Wf
2 bL
14000 = 12200 + 42437.76

2 b (4.950)
b = 1.577 m = 1577mm
Therefore:

ρconcrete
= 42437.76
2406
= 17.64 m3
Since the value of “b” is less than”a”, then make b = a = 2110 mm, that is, the foundation
has a rectangular cross – section.
Vf = L x W x D
17.64 = 4.950 x 2.110 x D

D = 1.69 m = 1690mm
Check whether the foundation is safe,
Sb ≥ We + Wf
2 bL
14000 ≥ 12200 + 42437.76

2 (2.110) (4.950)
7000 ≥ 5,231.25
Therefore:

engine itself.
= Wf + We
Base Area
= 12200 + 42437.76
(2.110)(4.950)
= 5,231.25 kg/m3
fb = Mx
Where:
M = bending moment
M = (1/3 x We)/ e = 1/3 x 12200 x .675 = 6,024.69 kg-m
x = L/2 = 4.950/2 = 2.475
I = bL3/12 = (2.110)(4.950)3/12 = 21.326 m4
fb = (6,024.69)(2.475)/21.326
= 699.2 kg/m2
foundation.
But:
= 5,231.25 + 699.2
= 5,930.45 kg/m2
1400 > 5,930.45
2
7000 > 5,930.45
Therefore:
0.44 cu yd sand and 0.88 cu yd stone. Or,
For 1:2:4 mixture, 1 m3 concrete requires 7.8 sacks (7.8 ft3) of cement, 0.44 m3 of sand and 0.88
m3 of stone.

= 137.6 sacks
= 138 ft3
= 3.91 m3
= 7.76 m3
= 15.52 m3


= 0.668 x 20
= 13.36 lbs. = 6.06kg
6.06
= 0.0075 (42437.76)
6.06
= 53 pcs.
Foundation bolts
plate. [PSME Code, sec 2.4,2.3(6), p11]

Note:
Refer:
Bore: 200mm
Stroke: 270mm
= 25mm
= 30 x 25.4
= 762mm
= 5 x 25.4
= 127mm
= 2.5 x 25.4
= 63.5mm
= 1022.35mm
= 3 x 25.4
=76.2mm
= 18 x 25.4
= 457.2mm
Length: 1022.35mm
Length: 457.2mm
No of bolt = 2N + 2
N = 14 for engine 1
No of bolt = 2(14) + 2
= 30 pcs.
POWER PLANT LAY-OUT
OTHER DETAILS
 Design For Cooling System
Refer:
Power Plant Engineering by Morse, pp 178 - 181
W1, W2 = specific humidity of entering, leaving air

Ww = water circulating per kg dry air, kg
ΔW = make up water per kg dry air, kg
t1, t2 = temperature of water in, out (engine ), 0C
t3, t4 = temperature of water in, out (cooling tower), 0C
t5 = make up water temperature, 0C
h1, h2 = enthalpy of moist air in, out, J/kg
h3, h4 = enthalpy of water in, out, J/kg
h5 = enthalpy of make-up water, J/kg
Mass Balance for the Cooling Tower =1kg air + W1 + Ww + ΔW = 1kg air + W2 + Ww
Corresponding Heat Balance = h1 + Wwh3 + ΔWh5 = h2 + Wwh4
ENGINE WATER INTO HEAT EXCHANGER

The (engine) most difficult part is to fix upon jacket inlet and outlet temperatures. The
theoretical limits might be put at 37.80C inlet to 65.60C outlet, giving a 27.8 0C rise.
TOWER WATER INTO EXCHANGER

The uniform thermal conditions are obtained by circulating the water more rapidly than that
would indicate an examination of current practice discloses the fact that temperature rises in
actual use vary all the way from 110 to 27.80C, with a majority in the range from 19.4 to 250C
rise.
Inlet water temperatures are generally from 26.7 to 32.20C and outlet temperatures form
43.30C to 54.40C.
If 30% is taken as the thermal efficiency and 32% as the loss to cooling water,
Use:
W = 674.58 [Bhp/ (t2 - t1)]
Where:
W= cooling water, liter per hr

Bhp = rated brake horse power
t1, t2 = inlet, outlet, water temperature, 0C
COOLING SYSTEM OF EACH UNIT
ENGINE NO. 1 COOLING TOWER

CAPACITY: 810 kW
Data:
Engine Water temperature into Heat Exchanger
t1 = 37.80C
t2 = 65.60C
Tower Water Temperature into Heat Exchanger
t3 = 48.90C
t4 = 32.20C
Make- up Water at 15.60C

Standard atmospheric temperature in tropic regimes, Philippines (Pangasinan) ranges
from 210C to 320C depending on the weather condition.
Use:
Atmospheric Pressure: 1.033 kg/cm2 abs.
Dry Bulb: 29.40C
Wet Bulb: 21.10C
Capacity of Cooling Tower:

W = 674.58 [Bhp / (t2 - t1)]
= 674.58 [(810 / 0.746) / (65.6 - 37.8)]
= 20362.19 li per hr
WATER FLOW IN THE COOLING TOWER CIRCUIT

Mass Balance in Heat Exchanger
Let:
W'w = Water Flow
(t2 - t1)W = (t3 - t4) W'w
(65.6 -37.8) 20362.19 = (48.9 - 32.2) W'w

W'w = 33896.34 li/hr
1 li of water = 1 kg
Therefore:
= 564.94 kg/min
This enters the tower at 48.90C the theoretical maximum humidified state of the air leaving is
48.90C at 100% humidity. This cannot be obtained as actual performance. There will be a
temperature difference of several degrees: the smaller the cheaper the tower, the great this
temperature differential. Also it is not possible to achieve a fully saturated state on the outgoing
air. Assume here a 5.50C differential and 90% outgoing humidity.
Therefore:
Air leaving the cooling tower is:
Dry Bulb = 43.40C
Relative Humidity = 90%
Refer:
Psychrometric Chart
@ Point 1
td1 = 29.40C
tw1 = 21.10C
h1 = 61.5 kJ/kg
W1 = 0.0123 kJ/kg
V1 = 0.873 m3/ kg
@Point 2; @ td2 = 43.40C and RH = 90%
Using:
Steam Tables
Pd2 = Saturation Pressure @ 43.40C = 8.88 KPa
Ps2 = Saturation Pressure @ Pd2
= (RH) (Pd2)
= (0.90) (8.88)
= 7.992 KPa
W2 = (0.622) (Ps2) / (Pa - Ps2)
Where:
Pa = Atmospheric Pressure
= (0.622) (7.992)/ (101.325 - 7.992)
= 0.0533 kJ/kg
hg1 = hg @ 43.40C
= 2580.5 kJ/kg
hg2 = (Cp) (t2) + W2 (hg2)
= 1.0062(43.4) + 0.0533(2580.5)
= 181.21 kJ/kg
@ Point 3; @ t3 = 48.90C
h3 = hf @ 48.90C
= 204.732 kJ/kg
@ POINT 4; @ t4 = 32.2ºC
hf = hf @ 32.2ºC
= 134.968 KJ/KG
@ POINT 5; @ t5 = 15.6ºC
h5 = hf AT 15.6ºC
= 65.504 KJ/KG
Refer:
Power Plant Engineering by Morse, pp 181

Make Up Water per kg Dry Air
∆W = W2 - W1
= 0.0533 - 0.0123
= 0.041 kg make- up per kg dry air
Water Circulating per kg Dry Air;

h1 + Wwh3 +∆W h5 = h2 +Ww h4
Ww = 1.68 kg water per kg dry air flowing
Since 658.79 kg of water are needed per min. the air flow is:
Air Flow = Water Flow, Ww' / Water Circulating, Ww
= 564.94/ 1.68
= 336.27 kg/ min.
Air Volume= Air Flow x Specific Volume, v1

= 336.27 x 0.873
= 293.57 m3 /min
Make – up Water Flow,
= 564.94 x 0.041
= 23.16 kg/min
Make- up Water Volume,
= 23.16 L/ min.
= 0.02316 m3/ min.
Cooling Efficiency= Actual Cooling Range / Theoretical Cooling Range
= (t3 - t4) / (t3 - tw1)

= (48.9 - 32.2) / (48.9 - 21.1)
= 0.607 = 60.07%

Capacity: 810 kW
Refer:
Liang Chi Industry Co., Ltd.
Liang Chi Model: Tower Model LBC 50
SPECIFICATIONS
Dimension, mm
Height 1890
Diameter 2000
Pipe Connection, mm
Outlet 80
Inlet 80
Overflow 25
Drain 25
Auto Filler 20
Quick Filler 20
Fan Motor, hp 1½
Fan Diameter, mm 970
Nominal Water Flow, L/min 330
Tower Head, m 2
Nominal Tons 50
CAPACITY: 405 kW
Note:
Use Engine No. 1 data for calculation
Capacity of Cooling Water
W = 674.58 X BHP / (t2 - t1)
= (674.58) ((405/0.746) / (65.6 - 37.8))

= 10181.09 li per hr
Water flow in the Cooling Tower Circuit;
Mass Balance in the Heat Exchanger = (t2 - t1) W = (t3 - t4) Ww'
(65.6 - 37.8) 10181.09 = (48.9 - 32.2) Ww'

Ww' = 15728.88 li/hr
1 li of water = 1kg
Therefore:
= 262.15 kg/min
Make- up water per kg Dry Air;
∆W = W2 - W1
= 0.041 kg make-up water per kg dry air flowing
h1 + Wwh3 +∆W h5 = h2 +Ww h4

= 262.15/ 1.68
= 349.15 kg/ min.
= 156.04 x 0.873
= 136.22 m3 /min

= 262.15x 0.041
= 10.75 kg/min

= 10.75 L/ min.
= 0.01075 m3/ min.
= (t3 - t4) / (t3 - tw1)

= (48.9 - 32.2) / (48.9 - 21.1)
= 0.607 = 60.07%
Capacity: 405kW
Refer:
SPECIFICATIONS
Dimension, mm
Height 1600
Diameter 1380
Pipe Connection, mm
Outlet 50
Inlet 50
Overflow 25
Drain 20
Auto Filler 15
Quick Filler 15
Fan Motor, hp 1/2
Tower Head, m 1.7
Nominal Tons 20
ENGINE NO. 3/ STANDBY COOLING TOWER
CAPACITY: 1260 kW
Note:
W = 674.58 X BHP / (t2 - t1)
= (674.58) ((1260/0.746) / (65.6 - 37.8))

= 40984.57 li per hr
(65.6 - 37.8) 40984.57 = (48.9 - 32.2) Ww'

Ww' = 68225.81 li/hr
1 li of water = 1kg
Therefore:
= 1137.10 kg/min
∆W = W2 - W1
h1 + Wwh3 +∆W h5 = h2 +Ww h4

= 1137.10/ 1.68
= 676.84 kg/ min.
= 676.84 x 0.873
= 590.88 m3 /min

= 1137.10 x 0.041
= 46.62 kg/min

= 46.62 L/ min.
= 0.04662m3/ min.
= (t3 - t4) / (t3 - tw1)

= (48.9 - 32.2) / (48.9 - 21.1)
= 0.607 = 60.07%
Capacity: 1260kW
Refer:
SPECIFICATIONS
Dimension, mm
Height 2015
Diameter 2175
Pipe Connection, mm
Outlet 100
Inlet 100
Overflow 25
Drain 25
Auto Filler 20
Quick Filler 25
Fan Motor, hp 2
Tower Head, m 2
Nominal Tons 80
DESIGN FOR FUEL OIL SUPPLY SYSTEM
Refer:
Power Plant Engineering by Morse, pp.169
Diesel plant may involve considerable outlay for fuel oil. Equipment to select and arrange this
equipment one needs:
To be able to predict the maximum rate of fuel flow.
To know the engine characteristics and accessory equipment.
To know details of piping system layouts in order to arrange equipment connections for
reliability and flexibility of fuel supply.
To determine what fuel supply is available, viz., size of deliveries, as well as their frequency and
reliability
Specific gravity = Density of Liquid
Density of Water
Density at 15.60C = (S.G. at 15.60/15.60) kg per liter
Refer:
Power Plant Engineering by Morse, pp.118, pp.124
Specific gravity data the 15.60/15.60 standard is common, that is, the oil is at 15.60C. If
the measurement is made at some other temperature, a correction is in order. The volumetric
coefficient of expansion of oil is 0.0007 per 0C.
API gravity units

0
API = 141.5 - 131.5
S.G. @15.60C
S.G.t = S.G. 15.60C [1 – 0.0007(t-15.6)]

Specific gravity @ temperature (t), applying
correction factor
Hence, an oil that was delivered into a tank of known volume at a temperature of 4.40C
Fuel supply having a 280 0API gravity (available diesel fuel)
Refer:
MAN B&W diesel L-V 20/27 DG catalogue

Fuel consumption in diesel; 200g/kWh = 0.2 kg/kWh
Note:
All Diesel Engines has the same fuel consumption
Therefore:
S.G@ 15.60C = 141.5

131.5 + oAPI
= 141.5
131.5 + 28
= 0.887
Density @ 15.60C = 0.887 kg/liter
S.G@4.4oC = S.G@ 15.60C [1 – 0.0007(t-15.6)]
= 0.887[1-0.0007(4.4 – 15.6)]
= 0.894
Density @ 4.4oC = 0.894 kg/liter
FUEL CONSUMPTION OF EACH UNIT
ENGINE NO.
1
No. of hours of operation: 17 hrs.
Capacity: 810 kW
Mass flow rate of fuel = 0.2 kg/kWh x 810 kW
= 162 kg/hr
Volume Flow Rate of Fuel = _Mass Flow Rate_
Density @ 4.40C
= 162_
0.894
= 181.21 liters/hr
Volume of Day Tank = Volume Flow Rate x Hrs. of Operation
= 181.21 x17
= 3080.54 liters
ENGINE NO.
2
Capacity: 405 kW
= 81 kg/hr
Density @ 4.40C
= 81_
0.894
= 90.60 liters/hr
= 90.60 x7
= 634.23 liters
ENGINE NO. 3/STANDBY

Capacity: 1260 kW
= 252 kg/hr
Density @ 4.40C
= 252_
0.894
= 281.19 liters/hr
= 281.19 x7
= 1973.15 liters
Note:
Day tank maybe above the engine so that flow to the engine will be by gravity or
it may be below the engine.
DAILY FUEL CONSUMPTION
ENGINE NO FUEL CONSUMPTION (liters)

1 3080.54
2 634.23
3 1973.15
TOTAL 5687.92 liters
REQUIRED FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR ONE YEAR OPERATION
Volume of Fuel = Total Daily Fuel Consumption x 365 days/year
= 5687.92 x 365
= 2076092.39 liters/year
REQUIRED FUEL STORAGE TANK

The volume of oil storage should be sufficient so that the maximum rate of fuel
consumption in the plant will not empty the storage during the expected period between
deliveries.
Refer:
Monthly Fuel Consumption = Daily Fuel Consumption x 30 days/month

Power Plant Engineering by Morse, p 170
= 5687.92 x 30
= 170637.73 /month
Refer:
Table 2-4 Power Plant Engineering by Morse p. 459

Dimension of bulks storage tanks
Basis: Monthly fuel consumption of 170637.73 liters
Use: 3 fuel storage tanks
Diameter: 2.43 m
Length: 12.50 m
Capacity: 189,716 liters
Plate thickness: 7.94 mm
Weight: 9907.82 kg
DESIGN FOR LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM
Functions of lube- oil:

To prevent metal to metal contact.
To dissipate heat.
Detergency
Dispersion
Lubricating oil consumption is one of the important elements in Diesel power costs. Therefore ,
the lube oil system is worthy of the designer’s careful attention.
Refer:
The type and quality of lubricating oil are always specified by the engine manufacturer.
Lubricating oil consumption is about 1% of fuel consumption.
LUBRICATING OIL CONSUMPTION OF EACH UNIT
ENGINE NO.1
Daily fuel consumption: 2,158.235liter
Daily lubricating oil consumption = 0.01 x daily fuel consumption
= 0.01 x 3080.54
= 30.81liters
ENGINE NO.2
= 0.01 x 634.23
= 6.34 liters
ENGINE NO.3
= 0.01 x 1973.15
= 19.73 liters
DAILY LUBRICATING OIL CONSUMPTION
ENGINE NO. LUBRICATING OIL CONSUMPTION (liters)

1 30.81
2 6.34
3 19.73
TOTAL 56.88liters
REQUIRED LUBRICATING OIL CONSUMPTION FOR ONE YEAR OPERATION
Volume of Lubricating Oil = Total Daily Lubricating Oil Consumption x 365 days/year
= 56.88 x 365
= 20761.2 liter/year
REQUIRED OIL STORAGE TANK

Lube oil storage capacity should be sufficient to store reclaimed oil and to store the plant
consumption of new oil between deliveries.
Capacity of lube oil storage tank required for month time operation
= daily lube oil consumption x 30 days
= 56.88 x 30
= 1706.4 liters
 Design For Chimney
FUNCTIONS OF CHIMNEY
To dispose the exhaust gases at suitable height so that no pollution will occur in the vicinity.
To produce the necessary draft required for the flow of the gases.
Where:
W : weight of chimney, kg
Pw : horizontal wind load, kg
H : height of chimney, m
H : point of application of resultant of horizontal wind load
above base, m
r1 : base inside radius of chimney, m
R1 : base outside radius of chimney, m
t1 : base radial brick thickness, mm
r2 : top inside radius of chimney, m
R2 : top outside radius of chimney, m
t2 : top radial brick thickness, mm
z : factor of virtual displacement of W due to wind action,
m
fc : factor of virtual displacement of W due to wind action,
m
K : kern radius, m
y : limiting displacement of z, m
Refer:
POWER PLANT ENGINEERING BY MORSE, pp. 494-495
D30 = K (da -dg) - 0.007578 dg (Vs/ Qg)1/2
Where:
D3 : available draft per 30m of
0 chimney, cm water
k : 2.7 for brick chimneys
: 2.4 for steel stack
da : density of air, kg/ m3
dg : density of gas, kg/m3
Vs : gas velocity in the chimney,
m/sec
Qg : gas flow, m3/sec
The actual height of a chimney is obtained by dividing required chimney draft by D30 and
multiplying by 30. The required chimney draft is the sum of all friction losses external to it, plus
the velocity head loss of gas discharging from the chimney, less the effective draft furnished by
fans and jets.
Velocity head = 0.004V2dg, cm water
Since there is no draft fans eliminate the effective draft furnished, static draft is equal to 2.007
cm water.
Therefore:
Chimney draft = static draft + velocity head
Refer:
POWER PLANT ENGINEERING BY MORSE, pp. 493
Gas velocity in the chimney ranges between 6.1 and 15.24 m/sec
VOLUME OF GAS PER kg FUEL
Refer:
TALBE -3, KENT'S MECHANICAL ENGINEERING HANDBOOK, pp. 2-48
Oil (mid-content distillate)
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS:
Carbon (C) : 86.1%

Hydrogen (H) : 13.2%
Oxygen (O) : 0.1%
Nitrogen (N) : 0.1%
Sulfur (S) : 0.6%
PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION:
CO2, H2O and SO2
CO2 = (16) (2) kg O2/ kg fuel x 0.861 kg C
12 carbon/ kg fuel kg fuel
= 2.296 kg O2/kg fuel
H2O = 16 kg O2/kg fuel x 0.132 kg H/kg fuel

2 kg H/kg fuel
SO2 = (16) (2) kg O2/ kg fuel x 0.006 kg sulfur/kg fuel

32 kg S/kg fuel
= 0.006 kg O2/ kg fuel
Theoretical Weight of Oxygen = Product of Combustion of Oxygen + Combustion oxygen

Content – Ultimate Analysis of Oxygen
= 2.296 + 1.056 + 0.006 - 0.001

Theoretical Weight of Air (Wta) = Theoretical weight of O2 / % of O2 in air by weight
Note:
O2 air content is 23%
O2 = mRO2 T / P
= (3.357 + 0.001) (0.2597) (300 + 273) / 101.325
= 4.932 m3/kg fuel
Note:
R value is taken from Ideal Gas Table
TOTAL VOLUME OF FLUE GAS= Vco2 + Vso2 + VN2 + Vo2
= 3.374 + 8.809 X 10-3 + 18.888 + 4.932

=27.203 m3/kg fuel
GAS FLOW (Qg)
Qg = Gas Volume X Fuel Consumption X Total kW Rating
Refer:
MAN B&W DIESEL L - V 20/27 DG CATALOGUE
ENGINE FUEL CONSUMPTION: 200g/kWh
TOTAL kW RATING = 810 + 405 +1260
= 2475 kW
Qg = 27.203 m3/kg x 200g/kWh x 2475 kW

= 3.740m3/sec
VELOCITY HEAD
Refer to latter statement
Gas Velocity in the Chimney (Vs): 6.1m/sec
Static Draft: 2.007 cm water
Gas Density (dg): 0.6776 kg/m3
Atmospheric density (da): 1.171 kg / m3
Velocity Head = 0.004 Vs2 dg
= (0.004) (6.1)2(0.6776)
= 0.101 cm water
REQUIRED CHIMNEY DRAFT
Chimney Draft = Static draft + Velocity Head
= 2.007 + 0.101
= 2.108 cm water
AVAILABLE DRAFT PER 30m OF CHIMNEY
D30 = k (da - dg) - 0.007578dg [Vs/Qg] 1/2
= 2.7(1.171 - 0.6776) - 0.007578(0.6776) [6.1/5.879] 1/2

= 1.327cm per 30m water
CHIMNEY HEIGHT (H)
Chimney Height = Chimney Draft x 30
Available Draft
= (2.108/1.327) x 30
= 47.66m
TOP INSIDE CHIMNEY DIAMETER (d2)
Refer:
d2= [4Qg/3.1416V]1/2 = 1.13 [Qg/Vs] 1/2
= 1.13 [3.740 /6.1] 1/2

= 0.88 m
Refer:
POWER PLANT ENGINEERING BY MORSE TABLE 4 - 3, pp. 100
Typical radial brick chimney proportions at 160km/h wind,
Top wall thickness range 180 to 230mm depending on the diameter.
Minimum wall thickness at base is 9.25H, mm
Radial brick masonry weighs between 1922 and 2403 kg/m3
Therefore:
Top Wall Thickness: 205mm
Wall Thickness at the Base: 9.25H
Where:
H (Chimney Height) = 440.855mm
Use: 440mm bricks
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE RADIUS OF CHIMNEY
r2 = d2/2 = 0.88/2 = 0.44m

R2 = r2 + Top Wall Thickness
= 0.44 + 0.205
= 0.647 m
BATTER COMPUTATION
BATTER (R1-R2) mm per meter, as a function of h/d2 ratio

H/d2= 47.66/.882=54.04
BATTER = 27.362 mm per m or 1304 mm
Then,
R1 = R2 + Batter
= 0.647 + 1.304
= 1.951m
r1 = R1 – thickness at the base
= 1.951- 0.440
= 1.511m
Although the chimney as actually built would vary the thickness by steps, it is here assumed that
the interior is smoothly tapered so that the volume may be computed as the difference of the
frusta of the cones.
VOLUME OF MASONRY
Outside Conical Volume = 36(3.1416)/3 [R12 + R22 +R1 X R 2]
= 36(3.1416)/3[1.9512+ 0.6472+ (1.951x 0.647)]= 206.87m3

Inside Conical Volume = [36(3.1416)/3] [r12 + r22 +(r1 x r2)]
= 36(3.1416)/3[1.5112+0.4422+ (1.511x 0.442)]

= 118.61m3
Volume of Masonry = Outside Conical Volume – Inside Conical Volume
= 206.87– 118.61
= 88.26 m
CHIMNEY WEIGHT
W = volume of Masonry x Weight of Masonry
= 88.26 x 1922 kg/m3

= 169627.10 kg
CHIMNEY STABILITY
Refer:
Chimneys are stabilized in the presence of high wind by tension in the windward side of the
shell; they will be stable if structurally safe and set on an adequate foundation.
The chimney proportions will be analyzed for stress in a 160km/h
Pwh = (100XH2)/3 [2R2+R1]
= (100 X 47.662)/3 [(2 x 0.647) + 1.951 ]

= 245697.94 kg-m
Add to the weight previously determined for the structural column, the weight of 9m of a 100
mm brick lining (12480 kg)
Gross (W) on Base = Chimney Weight + Weight of Lining
= 169627.10+ 12480
= 182107.10 kg
Factor of Visual displacement (Z)= Pwh / Gross Weight
= 245697.94 / 182107.10
= 1.35m
Kern radius (K)= R12+r12/ 4R1
= [1.951+1.5112]/4(1.951)
= 0.796m
Limiting Displacement of Z(y) =R1 / 4 [2+r1/R1)
= (1.951/ 4) [2 + (1.511/ 1.951)]

= 1.353m
Unit Dead load Stress (fc) = Gross Weight / 3.1416(R12 - r12)
= 182107.10 / [3.1416(1.951 2- 1.5112)]

= 38053.73 kg/m2
Bending Stress (fb) = 4WzR1 / 3.1416 (R14 - r14)
= [4(182107.10) (1.35) (1.951)] / [3.1416(1.9514 – 1.5114)]

= 65836.25 kg/m2
Refer:
The factor of safety against tipping downwind.
Factor of safety should not be less that 1.5
FS = R1/ Z
= 1.951 / 1.353 = 1.44
These results indicate a fairly economic design without, however, pushing the theory of the
"half - crack to windward" to the limit. Since y > Z > k, there is no reduction in stability
transverse to the wind direction, provided the crack does not over one - half of the area. And a
considerable wind ward floating may be expected at 160 km/h. Therefore full lateral stability is
preserved.
CHIMNEY FOUNDATION
Refer:
Foundations for round chimneys are generally octagonal, being about 300mm larger that the
chimney at the top base. From this they should increase to a lower base sufficiently large to
holds the maximum soil pressure to design value, but not to have a width less that one -tenth the
chimney height plus chimney diameter at its top. The depth of the foundation may be made 4%
of the chimney height, but should not be less that 1.2m.
Top Base of Octagonal Foundation = Chimney Diameter at Lower Base + Allowance
= 1951mm + 2(300mm)
= 2551mm
= 2.551m
Lowe Base of Sloping Octagonal Foundation = (1/10) (H) + Chimney Diameter at Lower Base
= (1/10) (47.66) + 2.063

= 6.829m
Depth of the Foundation = 4% of Chimney Height
= (0.04) (47.66)
= 1.9064m
VOLUME OF CHIMNEY FOUNDATION
Vf = h/3 [A1+A2+ (A1A2)1/2]
Where:
h : Depth of Foundation
A1 : Area at Lower Base
A2 : Area at Top Base
A1 = 0.828 X 6.8292 = 38.61 m2

A2 = 0.828 X 2.5512= 5.39 m2
Therefore:
Vf = 1.9064/3 [[38.61 + 5.39 + [(38.61)( 5.39)]1/2]

= 37.13 m3
WEIGHT OF FOUNDATION
Density of Concrete = 2406 kg / m3
Wf = Vf x Density of Concrete
=37.13 m3 x 2406 kg / m3
= 89329.34 kg
Note:
Foundation rests on a subsoil of clay, Soft
Refer:
Safe Bearing Power of Soil: Clay Soft, ranges 9.5 - 19.5 tons/m2
Moment (M) on Foundation = Pwh + (Pw x Depth of Foundation)
Where:
Pw = 100 H (R1+R2)
= 100 x 47.66(1.951+ 0.647)

= 12382.068 kg
M = 245697.94 + (12382.068 x 1.9064)
= 269303.11 kg-m
Weight on Subsoil = Weight of Foundation + Gross Weight of Chimney
= 89329.34 + 182107.10
= 271436.44kg
Since;
y > Z > k,
fmax = fc[(1+ Z/k) - (1-Z/k) (Z-k / y-k)2]
= fc [(1+1.353 / 0.796) - (1-1.35 3/ 0.796) ((1.353-0.796) / (1.35 - 0.796)) 2] = 3.98 fc
fmax = Weight of Subsoil/Area at Lower Octagonal Base (A1)x3.98
= (271436.44/ 38.61) x 3.98

= 27980.23 kg/m2
= 27.98023ton/m2
These fmax seems to be a conservative loading for sand.
Refer:
 Design For Cooling System
Refer
Power Plant Engineering by Morse, pp 178 – 181
t3 = 54 0C
Ww
to = 66.6 0C h3+ =hf
W
tdb = 29 0C
AIR h1
GEN. h2
SET
tdb = 40 0C
RH = 40%
twb = 21 C
0
t5= 15.6 0C
h5 = hf5
ti = 37.8 0C t4= 32.2 0C
h4 = hf4
Where:
W1,
W2 = specific humidity of entering, leaving air
Ww = water circulating per kg dry air, kg
ΔW = make up water per kg dry air, kg
t1, t2 = temperature of water in, out (engine ), 0C
temperature of water in, out (cooling tower),
t3, t4 = C 0
t5 = make up water temperature, 0C

h1, h2 = enthalpy of moist air in, out, J/kg
h3, h4 = enthalpy of water in, out, J/kg
h5 = enthalpy of make-up water, J/kg
Mass Balance for the Cooling Tower =1kg air + W1 + Ww + ΔW = 1kg air + W2 + Ww
Corresponding Heat Balance = h1 + Wwh3 + ΔWh5 = h2 + Wwh4
ENGINE WATER INTO HEAT EXCHANGER

The (engine) most difficult part is to fix upon jacket inlet and outlet temperatures. The
theoretical limits might be put at 37.80C inlet to 65.60C outlet, giving a 27.8 0C rise.
TOWER WATER INTO EXCHANGER

The uniform thermal conditions are obtained by circulating the water more rapidly than that
would indicate an examination of current practice discloses the fact that temperature rises in
actual use vary all the way from 110 to 27.80C, with a majority in the range from 19.4 to 250C
rise.
Inlet water temperatures are generally from 26.7 to 32.20C and outlet temperatures form
43.30C to 54.40C.
If 30% is taken as the thermal efficiency and 32% as the loss to cooling water
Use:
W = 674.58 [Bhp/ (t2 - t1)]
Where:
W= cooling water, liter per hr

Bhp = rated brake horse power
t1, t2 = inlet, outlet, water temperature, 0C
COOLING SYSTEM OF EACH UNIT

CAPACITY: 810 kW
Data:
Engine Water temperature into Heat Exchanger
t1 = 37.80C
t2 = 65.60C
Tower Water Temperature into Heat Exchanger
t3 = 48.90C
t4 = 32.20C
Make- up Water at 15.60C
Standard atmospheric temperature in tropic regimes, Philippines (Pangasinan) ranges
from 210C to 320C depending on the weather condition.
Use:
Atmospheric Pressure: 1.033 kg/cm2 abs.
Dry Bulb: 29.40C
Wet Bulb: 21.10C
Capacity of Cooling Tower:

W = 674.58 [Bhp / (t2 - t1)]
= 674.58 [(810 / 0.746) / (65.6 - 37.8)]
= 20362.19 li per hr
WATER FLOW IN THE COOLING TOWER CIRCUIT

Mass Balance in Heat Exchanger
Let:
W'w = Water Flow (t2 - t1)W = (t3 - t4) W'w
(65.6 -37.8) 20362.19 = (48.9 32.2) W'w

W'w = 33896.34 li/hr
1 li of water = 1 kg
Therefore:
= 564.94 kg/min
This enters the tower at 48.90C the theoretical maximum humidified state of the air leaving is
48.90C at 100% humidity. This cannot be obtained as actual performance. There will be a
temperature difference of several degrees: the smaller the cheaper the tower, the great this
temperature differential. Also it is not possible to achieve a fully saturated state on the outgoing
air. Assume here a 5.50C differential and 90% outgoing humidity.
Therefore:
Air leaving the cooling tower is:
Dry Bulb = 43.40C
Relative Humidity = 90%
Refer:
Psychrometric Chart
@ Point 1
td1 = 29.40C
tw1 = 21.10C
h1 = 61.5 kJ/kg
W1 = 0.0123 kJ/kg
V1 = 0.873 m3/ kg
@Point 2; @ td2 = 43.40C and RH = 90%

Using:
Steam Tables
Pd2 = Saturation Pressure @ 43.40C = 8.88 KPa
Ps2 = Saturation Pressure @ Pd2
= (RH) (Pd2)
= (0.90) (8.88)
= 7.992 KPa
W2 = (0.622) (Ps2) / (Pa - Ps2)
Where:
Pa = Atmospheric Pressure
= (0.622) (7.992)/ (101.325 - 7.992)
= 0.0533 kJ/kg
hg1 = hg @ 43.40C
= 2580.5 kJ/kg
hg2 = (Cp) (t2) + W2 (hg2)
= 1.0062(43.4) + 0.0533(2580.5)
= 181.21 kJ/kg
@ Point 3; @ t3 = 48.90C
h3 = hf @ 48.90C
= 204.732 kJ/kg
@ POINT 4; @ t4 = 32.2ºC
hf = hf @ 32.2ºC
= 134.968 KJ/KG
@ POINT 5; @ t5 = 15.6ºC
h5 = hf AT 15.6ºC
= 65.504 KJ/KG
Refer:

Make Up Water per kg Dry Air
∆W = W2 - W1
= 0.0533 - 0.0123
= 0.041 kg make- up per kg dry air
h1 + Wwh3 +∆W h5 = h2 +Ww h4

= 564.94/ 1.68
= 336.27 kg/ min.
= 336.27 x 0.873
= 293.57 m3 /min

= 564.94 x 0.041
= 23.16 kg/min

= 23.16 L/ min.
= 0.02316 m3/ min.
= (t3 - t4) / (t3 - tw1)

= (48.9 - 32.2) / (48.9 - 21.1)
= 0.607 = 60.07%
Capacity: 810 kW
Refer:
SPECIFICATIONS
Dimension, mm
Height 1890
Diameter 2000
Pipe Connection, mm
Outlet 80
Inlet 80
Overflow 25
Drain 25
Auto Filler 20
Quick Filler 20
Fan Motor, hp 1½
Tower Head, m 2
Nominal Tons 50
CAPACITY: 405 kW
Note:

W = 674.58 X BHP / (t2 - t1)
= (674.58) ((405/0.746) / (65.6 - 37.8))

= 10181.09 li per hr
(65.6 - 37.8) 10181.09 = (48.9 - 32.2) Ww'

Ww' = 15728.88 li/hr
1 li of water = 1kg
Therefore:
= 262.15 kg/min
∆W = W2 - W1
h1 + Wwh3 +∆W h5 = h2 +Ww h4

= 262.15/ 1.68
= 349.15 kg/ min.
= 156.04 x 0.873
= 136.22 m3 /min

= 262.15x 0.041
= 10.75 kg/min

= 10.75 L/ min.
= 0.01075 m3/ min.
= (t3 - t4) / (t3 - tw1)

= (48.9 - 32.2) / (48.9 - 21.1)
= 0.607 = 60.0
Capacity: 405kW
Refer:
SPECIFICATIONS
Dimension, mm
Height 1600
Diameter 1380
Pipe Connection, mm
Outlet 50
Inlet 50
Overflow 25
Drain 20
Auto Filler 15
Quick Filler 15
Fan Motor, hp 1/2
Tower Head, m 1.7
Nominal Tons 20
CAPACITY: 1260 kW
Note:
W = 674.58 X BHP / (t2 - t1)
= (674.58) ((1260/0.746) / (65.6 - 37.8))

= 40984.57 li per hr
(65.6 - 37.8) 40984.57 = (48.9 - 32.2) Ww'

Ww' = 68225.81 li/hr
1 li of water = 1kg
Therefore:
= 1137.10 kg/min

∆W = W2 - W1
h1 + Wwh3 +∆W h5 = h2 +Ww h4

= 1137.10/ 1.68
= 676.84 kg/ min.
= 676.84 x 0.873
= 590.88 m3 /min

= 1137.10 x 0.041
= 46.62 kg/min

= 46.62 L/ min.
= 0.04662m3/ min.
= (t3 - t4) / (t3 - tw1)

= (48.9 - 32.2) / (48.9 - 21.1)
= 0.607 = 60.07%
Capacity: 1260kW
Refer:
SPECIFICATIONS
Dimension, mm
Height 2015
Diameter 2175
Pipe Connection, mm
Outlet 100
Inlet 100
Overflow 25
Drain 25
Auto Filler 20
Quick Filler 25
Fan Motor, hp 2
Tower Head, m 2
Nominal Tons 80
ECONOMIC STUDIES
 Bill Of Materials
MACHINE/EQUIPMENTS QUANTITY COST
DIESEL ENGINE
Diesel Engine no. 1 (810 kW) 1 3,805,890
Diesel Engine no. 2 (405 kW) 1 1,902,945
Diesel Engine 3/Standby unit (1260 kW) 1 3,920,000
COOLING TOWERS
Cooling Tower 1 (LBC 50) 1 863431.16
Cooling Tower 2 (LBC 20) 1 345372.46
Cooling Tower 3 (LBC 80) 1 959,368.42
COOLING TOWER PUMPS
Cooling Tower Pump 1 (1 ¾ SC) 1 12960
DELIVERY PUMPS
Delivery Pump ( 50 GPH 611) 1 150,000
TRANSFER PUMPS
Pump 1(50 GPE 6.4) 1 11000
Pump 2(50 GPE 6.4) 1 11000
Pump 3(50 GPE 6.4) 1 11000
JACKET WATER PUMPS
Pump 1 (3-2 SC) 1 13254
Pump 2 (3-2 SC) 1 13254
Pump 3 (3-2 SC) 1 13254
AIR COMPRESSOR
Compressor 4 451,437
OVERHEAD CRANE 1 76,500
STORAGE TANKS 4 68,000
DAY TANKS
Tank 1 1 12000
Tank 2 1 12000
Tank 3 1 12000
LUBRICATING TANK 4 28,000
TOTAL 12,718,586
MATERIALS PRICE/ UNIT QUANTITY COST
Portland Cement 160/bag 304 bags 48,640

Sand 350/m³ 17.06 m³ 5,978
Gravel 600/ m³ 34.13 m³ 20,496
Corrugated Steel 220/ pc 190 pcs 41,800
Tie Wires 35/ kg 16 pcs 560
Plywood, 1/2” 480/pc 21 pcs 10,080
Lumber, 2” x 2” x 2’ 40/board ft 61 pcs 2,440
TOTAL 129,994
Note: Prizes are based on local market value.

FOR PIPING CONNECTIONS:
Assume total cost of all connections in the system to be 200,000.00 pesos.
A. FIXED ELEMENT
Capital Cost = Cost of the Plant + Cost of the Transmission Lines
BREAKDOWN COST OF THE PLANT
Cost of Machines and Equipments = 12,718,586Php

Cost of Foundations = 129,994.00 Php
Cost of Piping System = 200,000.00 Php
Cost of Building and Chimney = 10,000,000.00 Php
Cost of Land = 50,000 m² x 200 Php/m²
= 10,000,000.00 Php
TOTAL 33048580 Php
BREAKDOWN COST OF TRANSMISSION LINE
Primary Lines = 1,500,000.00 Php

Secondary lines = 2,000,000.00 Php
TOTAL 3,500,000.00 Php
Therefore,
Capital Cost =33048580 +3,500,000.00
= 36,548,580.00 Php
Depreciation = Capital Cost – Salvage Value
Note: Salvage value of plant after 20 years useful life is 10% of its first cost.
Salvage Value of Plant = 36,548,580.00 Php x (1- 0.10)

= 32,893,722.00 Php
Salvage Value of Line = 3,500,000.00 Php x (1- 0.30)
= 2,450,000.00 Php
Therefore,
Depreciation of the Plant = 36,548,580.00 Php - 32,893,722.00 Php

= 3,654,858.00 Php
Depreciation of the Line = 3,500,000.00 Php - 2,450,000.00 Php
= 1,050,000 Php
Annual Depreciation Reserve will be calculated on the straight line basis.

Plant Depreciation Reserve = 3,654,858.00 Php / 20
= 182,742.90 Php
Line Depreciation Reserve = 1,050,000.00 Php / 25
= 42,000.00 Php
Annual Depreciation Reserve = 182,742.90 Php + 42,000.00 Php

= 224,742.90 Php
Interest Rate = 6.5% of Capital Cost

Taxes plus Insurance = 5% of Capital Cost
Interest, Taxes & Insurance = (0.065 + 0.05) x 36,548,580.00 Php
= 4,203,086.7 Php
Maintenance = 100,000.00 Php
Management = 100,500.00 Php
TOTAL AMOUNT COST FOR FIXED ELEMENT

= 36,548,580.00 + 224,742.90 Php + 4,203,086.7 Php + P 100,000.00 + P 150,000.00
= 41, 226,409.60 Php
B. ENERGY ELEMENT
Fuel Cost = Annual fuel consumption x Cost of Fuel
= 170,637.73 liters/month x 12 month/yr x 30.00 Php/liter

= 61,429,582.80 Php
Labor Cost
5 Men = 114,000.00
5 Men = 90,000.00
8 Men = 78,000.00
TOTAL 282,000.00
Oil, Waste and supplies = 100,000.00 Php

Maintenance = 50,000.00 Php
TOTAL ENERGY ELEMENT CHARGE

= 61,429,582.80 Php + 282,000.00 Php + 50,000.00 Php + 100,000.00 Php
= 61,861,582.80Php
C. CUSTOMER ELEMENT
= 6,791x 20.00 Php
Franchise & Publicity (Assume P 20.00/customer) = No. Of Customer x P
= 135,820.00 Php
Operating Cost = 1,000,000.00 Php

Cost of Collecting Revenue = 1,500,000.00 Php
TOTAL
CUSTOMER ELEMENT CHARGE
= 135,820.00 Php + 1,000,000.00 Php + 1,500,000.00 Php
= 2,635,820.00 Php
D. INVESTOR’S PROFIT
Assume Annual Profit on Capitalization, over and above interest to be 8%.
Cost of plant, primary & secondary distribution system
Capitalization = 36,548,580.00 Php

Profit Element = 0.08 x 36,548,580.00 Php
= 2,923,886.40 Php
E. ANNUAL PRODUCTION COST
Annual Production Cost = Fixed Element + Energy Element + Customer Element + Investor’s Profit
= 41, 226,409.60 + 61,861,582.80Php + 2,635,820.00 Php + 2,923,886.40 Php

= 108,647,698.80 Php
Production Capacity of the Plant (Based on the Total Area Covered by the Daily Load Curve)
= 20637.67 kW-hr x 365 days/year
= 7,532,749.55 kW-hr /year
For the First Year of Operation

Average Cost of the Power Operation = Annual Production Cost_
Plant Production Capacity
= 108,647,698.80 Php_
7,532,749.55 kW-hr
= 14.42 Php/ kWh
Cost of the Plant per kW Installed = _Cost of the Plant_
Installed Capacity
= _33048580Php
1251.22 kW
= 26,413.08 Php/kW
F. POWER RATES
Cost per Kilowatt Installed = 175 x 56
= 9,800 Php/ kW
Cost Per Kilowatt-hr. Produced = 108,647,698.80
(810 x 6205) + (405 x 2555) + (1260 x 2555)
= 11.71 Php/ kW-hr

COST PER KILOWATT- HR DELEVERED
A. BY STRAIGHT LINE METER RATE

Cost per kilowatt- hr delivered = Annual Production Cost
Energy Delivered to Customer per Year
For Customer’s Consumption:

Based fro the data being rendered by LUELCO I for the town of Sison there are 6,791
customers. From there monthly sales report it was found out that the total kW hour produced for
the month of April 2008 the total kW-hr produced is 619,130.10.
As a basis we will assume that the total annual consumption for the year would be
620,000kW-hr (approx.) for the 6,791 customers
The energy delivered to customer would be 7,440,000 yearly. Also, assuming that before
it reaches to the customers there has been registered 80% loss. It would now be 9,300,000.
Cost per kilowatt- hr delivered = 108,647,698.80____9,300,000
= 11.68 Php/ kW-hr
B. BY THREE CHARGES RATE
Refer:
Power Plant Engineering by Morse table 2-2 p 42
Typical Diversity Factors

(Residential Lighting, General Power Services and Commercial
Lighting)
Between
Consumers = 3-4
Transformers = 1.3
Feeders = 1.2
Substation = 1.1
Overall Diversity Factor = 3.5 x 1.3 x 1.2 x 1.1 = 6.006

Maximum demand: 2580.38 kW
Costumer Peak = Maximum Demand x Overall Diversity Factor
= 1310.804kW x 6.006
= 7872.69 kW
Demand Charge = Fixed Element + Capital cost/Capitalization x Profit
= 41, 226,409.60 + 36,548,580.00 /36,548,580.00 x 2,923,886.40

= 44,150,296 Php
Unit Demand Charge = Demand Charge
Customers Peak
= 44,150,296 Php
7872.69 kW/yr
= 5,608.03 Php/kW /yr
= 467.34 Php/kW/month
Energy Charge = Energy Element + Capital Cost/Capitalization x Profit
= 61,861,582.80+ 36,548,580.00 /36,548,580.00 x 2,923,886.40

= 64,785,469.20 Php
Unit Energy Charge = Energy Charge
Energy Delivered to Costumer per year
= _64,785,469.20
9,300,000
= 6.97 Php
Service Charge = Customer Element
= 2,635,820.00 Php
Unit Service Charge per Month = Service Charge/12 mo. x no of customer
Actual consumer = 6,791 (source: LUELCO I)

= 2,635,820.00 /12 x 6,791
= 32.34 Php/month
Total Monthly Charge = Unit Demand Charge + Unit Energy Charge + Unit Service Charge
= 467.34 + 6.97 + 32.34

= 506.65 Php
ROOM RATES
Service Charge = Customer Element
= 2,635,820.00 Php
Unit Service Charge per Month = Service Charge/12 mo. x no of customer
= 2,635,820.00 /12 x 6,791

= 32.34 Php/month
Consider the profit as part of the fixed element and its is desired to obtain this in the first
4 kW – hr per room
Total Room Charges = Fixed Element + Profit Element + ½ Energy Element
= 41, 226,409.60 + 2,923,886.40 + ½ (61,861,582.80)

= 75,081,087.40 Php
Unit Charge per kW per Month for First 4 kW-hr per Room = Total Room Charge
No of costumer x no of room/costumer x 4 x 12
= 75,081,087.40
6791 x 6 x 4 x12
= 38.39 Php per kW-hr
Energy Remaining for Straight Energy Charge = Total Energy Delivered – Energy Accounted
= 9,300,000 – (6791 x 6 x 4 x12)

= 7,344,192.00 Php
Unit Energy Charge = Energy Element / Energy Remaining
= 61,429,582.80 /7,344,192.00
= 6.51 Php/kW-hr
Therefore:
Among the three power rate charges, straight line meter rate is more economical for the
customers. High electrical rate charge for the consumer will affect the production; because
consumers will not patronize the plant.
Based from the economic study, it has been computed that the room rate would be
38.39 Php/ kW-hr per month for the first 4 kW-hr connected room plus 6.51Php/ kW-hr for all
energy used. And the Cost of the plant per kW-installed is 26,413.08 Php.
PLANT LOCATION
San Jacinto Diesel

Power Plant
The diesel power plant will be located at Brgy. Macayug, San Jacinto, Pangasinan near
the Bued River because the location is at the center of the town, which can be easily accessed by
the nearby barangays. Also, a large portion of the area is not yet industrialized, probably used for
agricultural purposes. A portion of the area can be bought for the purpose of building the diesel
power plant.

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PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

URDANETA CITY CAMPUS

I. Background of the Municipality

II. Design Problem:

C. Power Plant Capacity

D. Load Distribution System

E. Size and Numbers of Units

H. Power Plant Lay-out

(Pangasinan: Baley na San Jacinto; Ilocano: Ili ti San Jacinto;

Tagalog: Bayan ng San Jacinto), is a 3rd class municipality in

the province of Pangasinan. San Jacinto is a landlocked

municipality in the coastal province of Pangasinan. The

municipality has a land area of 44.18 square kilometers or

17.06 square miles which

Population census of San Jacinto

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1980 20,612 +1.94%

1903 5,014 — 1990 25,722 +2.24%

1918 6,714 +1.97% 1995 28,416 +1.88%

1939 7,853 +0.75% 2000 32,758 +3.10%

1948 10,313 +3.07% 2007 35,591 +1.15%

1960 13,384 +2.20% 2010 37,737 +2.15%

1970 16,583 +2.16% 2015 40,848 +1.52%

1975 18,722 +2.46% 2020 44,351 +1.63%

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Association led by its president, Sixto Aquino.

 BARANGAYS IN SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

San Jacinto has 19 barangays as shown in the following table.

General Power Services:

Barangay: Awai No. of Households: 251 Total Population: 1,103

GRAND TOTAL 397.145

Barangay: Bagong Pag-asa No. of Households: 298 Total Population: 1,309

GRAND TOTAL 499.855

Barangay: Bolo No. of Households: 423 Total Population: 1,862

GRAND TOTAL 679.2

Barangay: Capaoay No. of Households: 554 Total Population: 2,436

GRAND TOTAL 1,116.94

Barangay: Casibong No. of Households: 646 Total Population: 2,842

GRAND TOTAL 952.565

Barangay: Guibel No. of Households: 491 Total Population: 2,159

GRAND TOTAL 806.5

Barangay: Imelda No. of Households: 341 Total Population: 1,499

GRAND TOTAL 539.455

Barangay: Labney No. of Households: 594 Total Population: 2,615

GRAND TOTAL 745.87

Barangay: Lobong No. of Households: 1,244 Total Population: 5,474

GRAND TOTAL 1,497.535

Barangay: Macayug No. of Households: 864 Total Population: 3,803

GRAND TOTAL 1,169.65

Barangay: Magsaysay No. of Households: 240 Total Population: 1,069

GRAND TOTAL 483.26

Barangay: San Guillermo No. of Households: 194 Total Population: 855

GRAND TOTAL 382.09

Barangay: San Jose No. of Households: 720 Total Population: 3,172

GRAND TOTAL 962.715

Barangay: San Juan No. of Households: 451 Total Population: 1,983

GRAND TOTAL 620.635

Barangay: San Roque No. of Households: 381 Total Population: 1,695

GRAND TOTAL 576.165

Barangay: San Vicente No. of Households: 956 Total Population: 4,871

Refrigerator 42 1.20 0.75 37.8

GRAND TOTAL 1247.995

GRAND TOTAL 203.29