ETIOLOGY OF

PERIODONTAL DISEASES
 A. Local Factors:
1. SALIVA - is a watery substance secreted in the
mouth through glands.
* Functions of Saliva:
a. Irrigant- washing away of food debris & bacteria
that remains in the mouth.
b. Lubricant- allows the bolus of food to be passed
easily from the mouth into the esophagus.
c. Helps in deglutition- act of swallowing
2. DENTAL DEPOSITS – any soft or hard substance
attached to the tooth surfaces

a. Pellicle- is the initial phase of plaque development.

accumulation of protein film that forms
on the enamel surface after few hours
of cleaning the teeth.

b. Materia Alba- are soft deposits that are loosely

attached on the tooth surfaces, made of
bacteria & leukocytes & it easily removed
by water & spray.
-appears as yellow or grayish-white in
color, soft, sticky deposit and somewhat
less adherent than dental plaque.
Disclosed supragingival plaque covering one half to two thirds of clinical
crown
Materia alba with heaviest accumulation along the cervical neck
c. Dental Plaque- dental deposit that forms
the biofilm adhering to the tooth
surface or on other hard surfaces in
the oral cavity.
-white, grayish or yellow usually
seen on gingival third of the tooth
surface.
d. Dental Calculus- calcified dental deposit that
forms by mineralization of dental plaque
and is generally covered by a layers of
bacteria
Types of calcular deposits:
a. Supragingival- Found at or above the
gingival margin.

b. Subgingival- Found below the gingival

margin, between the tooth and the
gingival sulcular tissue.
e. Stains - deposits on the tooth surface
that varies in color according to
nature of discoloration
Swimming in a pool may cause yellowish or dark
brown stains on your teeth if you are spending six
or more hours in the pool each week. According to
the Academy of General Dentistry, when your teeth
are exposed to large amounts of chemically treated
pool water, which is more alkaline (has a higher pH)
than saliva, it causes proteins in the saliva to
breakdown quickly. Once broken down, they are
able to form hard deposits known as “swimmer's
calculus” on teeth, primarily the front teeth.
3. TRAUMA
4. HABITS
5. OCCLUSION
6. OCCUPATION
Thanks for listening, nice day, guys!