GASTROENTERITIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PRECIPITATING PREDISPOSING RISK

FACTORS FACTOR

DEHYDRATION, HYGIENE,
IMMUNITY, CONTAMINATED FOOD
AGE
AND WATER

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

PERSON TO PERSON
FECAL-ORAL ROUTE
INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED
FOOD/WATER

VIRUS BACTERIA
(Rotavirus, (Camphylobacter PARASITE
Noravirus, Jejuni, Salmonella (Cryptosporidium
Adenovirus, spp. E.coli, Stronglyoides)
Astrovirus) Shigella)

PATHOGENIC INFILTRATION OF GI TRACT

PATHOGEN PATHOGEN
TOXIN RELEASE OF SHT
NOXIOUS DAMAGE INTERACTION
STIMULATE LYSIS OF FROM
STIMULI AND GI EPITHELIAL WITH ENTERIC
ENTERIC ENTEROCYTE ENTERCHROMAFFIN
INFLAMMATION LINING NERVOUS
CHLORIDE CELLS
SYSTEM
SECRETION

ALTERATION OF
ACTIVATION OF
STIMULATION OF BRUSH BORDER
iNFLAMMATORY CHEMORECEPTOR
VISCERAL NERVE ACTIVVITY
RESPONSE TRIGGER ZONE
AFFERENT ABD/OR
STRUCTURE

IMPAIRED
DECREASED INCREASE GI ABSORPTION OF STIMULATION OF
ABDOMINAL PAIN WATER FLUID SUBSTANCE IN VOMITING
ABSORPTION SECRETION SMALL CENTER
INTESTINE

OSMOTICALLY
ACTIVE
INCREASED WBC SUBSTANCES
ENTER LARGE
BOWEL

CAPACITY FOR
WATER
CYTOKINE DIARRHEA REABSORPTION
RELEASED
IN LARGE
INTESTINE IS
OVERWHELMED

HYPOTHALAMUS
PRODUCE
PROSTAGLANDINS
E2

NAUSEA,
INCREASE SET FEVER
LESS OF ORAL VOMITING (Patient
POINT OF (TEMPERATURE FLUID LOSS
INTAKE vomits in large
TEMPERATURE 39.2)
amount for 2 days)

ELECTROLYTE
IMBALANCE /
METABOLIC
ACIDOSIS

SKIN TURGOR,
DRY LIPS,
DRY LIPS, ABSENCE OF FEELING SIGNS DECREASED
DEHYDRATION MOUTH AND
MOUTH AND TEARS OF WEAKNESS WET DIAPERS
THROAT
THROAT

LEGEND

MODES OF DISEASE SIGNS AND

RISK FACTORS
TRANSMISSION PROCESS SYMPTOMS