WEEK 15 & 16 MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF PROTOZOA

PROTOZOA OTHER SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS  INTESTINAL & LUMINAL PROTOZOA

 PERSON TO PERSON SPREAD THROUGH INGESTION
PROTOZOA OF CONTAMINATION FOOD OR WATER
 SINGLE CELL-LIKE ORGANISMS THAT ARE SPHERICAL TO  BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA
OVAL OR ELONGATED  SPREADS THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT OR THROUGH
 KINGDOM PROTISTA VECTORS
 CLASSIFIED BASED LOCOMOTION  EX. ANOPHELES MOSQUITO FOR MALARIA

LIFE CYCLE (2 STAGES)

1. CYST
 THE INFECTIVE STAGE OR THE STAGE PARASITE ENTERS
THE HOST
 DORMANT
 NON-MOTILE FORM OF PROTOZOA
4 SUBDIVISIONS OR PHYLA
 MASTIGOPHORA
 MOVE BY MEANS OF SPECIAL HAIR-LIKE
PROJECTIONS OF CYTOPLASM CALLED FLAGELLA
 SARCODINA (AMOEBAS) 2. TROPHOZOITE
 MOVE BY MEANS OF PSEUDOPODIA (FALSE FEET)  THE PATHOGENIC STAGE OR THE STAGE OF PARASITE
 CILIOPHORA THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DISEASE PRODUCTION
 MOVE BY MEANS OF CILIA (SMALL-THREAD LIKE  MOTILE, FEEDING, DIVIDING STAGE OF PROTOZOA
STRUCTURES DISTRIBUTED OVER THE SURFACE OF
PARASITES)
 SPOROZOA
 NO MEANS OF LOCOMOTION & THEREFORE DO NOT
MOVE
DIAGNOSIS
 NOT ALL PROTOZOA ARE PARASITIC  PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS
 FACULTATIVE PARASITES  MOST OFTEN DIAGNOSED BY MICROSCOPIC EXAMS
 FREE-LIVING OF BODY FLUIDS, TISSUE SPECIMENS, FECES
 ACANTHAMOEBA SPP
 NAEGLERIA FOWLERI PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS OF HUMANS
 NORMALLY RESIDES IN SOIL OR WATER, BUT CAN PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS OF SKIN
CAUSE SERIOUS ILLNESS WHEN THEY GAIN ACCESS  LEISHMANIA DONOVANI
INTO CNS OR INTO THE EYES  LIFE CYCLE
 INVOLVES A VECTOR, BITE FEMALE SANDFLY
REPRODUCTION (PHLEBOTOMOUS SPECIES). TAGNOK/NIK IN
 BINARY FISSION TAGALOG
 ASEXUAL MULTIPLICATION  PROMASTIGOTE ARE ENGULFED BY MACROPHAGES IN
 EX. SARCODINA, MASTIGOPHORA WHICH THEY TRANSFORM TO AMASTIGOTES
(PATHOGENIC ST.)
 INFECTED CELLS DIE & RELEASE AMASTIGOTES THAT
INFECT OTHER MACROPHAGES & RETICULO ENDOTHELIAL
CELLS
 MAJOR MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 SYNGAMY  BITE OF VECTOR. ORGANS OF RES (RETICULO
 REPRODUCTION AS RESULT OF UNION OF 2 CELLS ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM) LIVER, SPLEEN, BONE
MARROW ARE AFFECTED
 DISEASE: KALA-AZAR (VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS)
 BEGINS WITH INTERMITTENT FEVER, WEAKNESS,
WEIGHT LOSS
 MASSIVE SPLEEN ENLARGEMENT (SPLENOMEGALY) IS
CHARACTERISTIC HYPERSPLENISM
JASMINE ROSE ESPINAS
  INVOLVEMENT OF BONE MARROW RESULTS IN  TOXOPLASMOSIS
ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, LEUCOPENIA,  TOXOPLASMA GONDII
INFECTION, BLEEDING  DEFINITIVE HOST
 KALA-AZAR MEANS “BLACK SICKNESS“  DOMESTIC CAT & OTHER FELINES (SEXUAL
PRODUCTION)
 LEISHMANIA TROPICA & LEISHMANIA BRAZILIENSIS  INTERMEDIATE HOST
 SANDFLIES ARE VECTORS  HUMAN & OTHER MAMMALS (WARM-BLOODED
 FOREST RODENTS - RESERVOIR ANIMALS)
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS  HUMAN INFECTION OCCURS FROM EATING
 PRESENCE OF AMASTIGOTES IN SMEAR TAKEN FROM UNDERCOOKED MEAT (LAMB & PORK) FROM ANIMALS
SKIN LESION THAT GAZED IN SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH INFECTED
 LEISHMANIN SKIN TEST (+) WHEN SKIN ULCER CAT FECES
APPEARS  TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION FROM INFECTED
 TREATMENT MOTHER TO FETUS. INFECTION IN SPORADIC
 DRUG OF CHOICE: SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE  OUTBREAKS ASSOCUATED WITH INGESTION OF RAW
 PREVENTION MEAT OR CONTAMINATED WATER OCCUR
 PROTECTION FROM SANDFLY BITES BY USING  DISEASE: TOXOPLASMOSIS
NETTING, INSECT REPELLANTS, PROTECTIVE  MOST PRIMARY INFECTION IN HEALTHY ADULTS -
CLOTHING ASYMPTOMATIC
1. L. TROPICA  SOME RESEMBLE IM (INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS)
 CAUSES - CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS (ORIENTAL SORE, INFECTION, FEVER, JAUNDICE, INTRACRANIAL
DELHI BOIL) CALCIFICATIONS
 STARTS AS RED PAPULE AT BITE SITE, USUALLY ON  CONGENITAL INFECTIONS - RESULT IN STILLBIRTH,
EXPOSED EXTREMITY ABORTION OR NEONATAL ENCEPHALITIS,
CHORIORETINITIS, HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY
 ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF BLINDNESS IN
CHILDREN

INFECTIONS OF GASTROINTESITINAL TRACT

 AMEBIASIS
2. L. BRAZILIENSE  ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
 CAUSES - MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS  ACQUIRED BY INGESTION OF CYST IN CONTAMINATED
(ESPUNIDIA) FOOD & WATER BY FECAL-ORAL ROUTE
 BEGINS WITH PAPULE AT SITE, FORMS METASTIC  CYSTS DIFFERENTIATE TO ILEUM… COLONIZE CECUM…
LESIONS AT MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTION OF NOSE & TROPHOZOITES… CONVERTED INTO CYSTS… PASSED
MOUTH OUT WITH THE FECES
 DESTROYS NASAL CARTILAGE (TAPIR NOSE)  TROPHOZOITES SECRETE ENZYMES, CAUSE LOCAL
NECROSIS (FLASK-SHAPE ULCER) CAN INVADE PORTAL
CIRCULATION TO CAUSE LIVER ABSCESS
 DISEASE: ACUTE INTESTINAL AMEBIASIS
 PRESENTS DYSENTERY (BLOODY-MUCUS DIARRHEA),
LOWER ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT, TENESMUS
PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS OF EYES  BALANTIDIASIS
 AMEBIC EYE INFECTIONS  BALANTIDIUM COLI
 ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANI  LARGEST PROTOZOANS TO INFECT HUMANS
 HAS ABILITY TO SURVIVE IN COLD WATER  MAIN RESERVOIR HOST - PIG
 IS CARRIED INTO EYES OR SKIN DURING TRAUMA - ALSO
CAUSES KERATITIS
 OCCURS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED INDIVIDUAL & IN
PATIENTS WEARING CONTACT LENS

 THROUGH INGESTION OF CYSTS (INFECTIVE ST.) IN

FOOD OR CONTAMINATED W/ ANIMAL OR HUMAN FECES
JASMINE ROSE ESPINAS

 TROPHOZOITES (PATHOGENIC ST.) EXCYST IN SMALL
INTESTINES & TRAVEL TO COLON, PRODUCING AN ULCER
SIMILAR TO E. HISTOLYTICA - MOSTLY ASYMPTOMATIC
 GIARDIASIS
 GIARDIA LAMBLIA
 STAGES OF LIFE CYCLE
 CYST - GIVES RISE TO 2 TROPHOZOITE DURING
EXCYSTATION IN INTESTINAL TRACT
 TROPHOZOITE - IS PEAR-SHAPED WITH 4 PAIRS OF
FLAGELLA
 PATHOGENESIS & EPIDEMIOLOGY
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 INGESTION OF CYST IN FOCALLY-CONTAMINATED
WATER & FOOD
 MAMMALS, HUMANS ACTS AS RESERVOIR
 INFECTION COMMON AMONG MALE HOMOSEXUALS
AS A RESULT OF ORAL-ANAL CONTACT
 HIGH INCIDENCE IN DAY CARE CENTERS & MENTAL
HOSPITAL
 DISEASE: GIARDIASIS
 NON-BLOODY, FOUL-SMELLING DIARRRHEA, NAUSEA,
ANOREXIA, FLATULENCE, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS FOR
WEEKS - MONTHS
 MALABSORPTION OF FAT LEADS TO PRESENCE OF
FAT IN STOOL - STEATORRHEA. PATIENT IS
AFEBRILE
PROTOZOAL INFECTION OF THE GENITOURINARY TRACT
 TRICHOMONIASIS
 TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
 PEAR SHAPED ORGANISM WITH CENTRAL NUCLEUS & 4
ANTERIOR FLAGELLA
JASMINE ROSE ESPINAS
 EXISTS ONLY IN TROPHOZOITE FORM (INFECTIVE &
PATHOGENIC ST.)
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 SEXUAL CONTACT
 ORGANISM IS PRIMARILY LOCATED IN VAGINA &
PROSTAGE
 FREQUENCY HIGHEST IN SEXUALLY ACTIVE WOMEN
(30’S)
 FREQUENCY LOWEST IN POST MENOPAUSAL
WOMEN
 DISEASE: TRICHOMONIASIS
 WATERY FOUL SMELLING DISCHARGE WITH ITCHING
 IN MEN, USUALLY ASYMPTOMATIC
 MEN, AS URETHRITIS / PROSTATIS
 TREATMENT
 DRUG OF CHOICE: METRONIDAZOLE
 THERE SHOULD BE SIMULTANEOUS TREATMENT OF
BOTH SEXUAL PARTNERS TO PREVENT PING-PONG
REACTION
PROTOZOAL INFECTION OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (AFRICAN SLEEPING
SICKNESS)
 T. BRUZEI GAMBIENSE & T BRUCEI RHODESIENSE
 THESE TWO SPECIES HAVE SIMILAR MORPHOLOGY & LIFE
CYCLE
 LIFE CYCLE
 INVOLVE TSETSE FLY (GLOSSINA) AS VECTOR
 RESERVOIR
 T. GAMBIENSE - HUMAN
 B. RHODESIENSE - DOMESTIC ANIMALS
 ENDEMIC IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN, THE NATURAL
HABITAT OF TSETSE FLY
 T. GAMBIENSE IN WEST AFRICA
 T. RHODESIENSE FOUND IN ARID REGIONS OF EAST
AFRICA
 SPREADS FROM SKIN THROUGH BLOOD TO LYMPH NODES
& BRAIN
 DISEASE: AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
 INITIAL LESION - INDURATED SKIN ULCER
(“TRYPANOSOMAL CHANCRE“) AT BITE SITE
 INTERMITTENT FEVER, LYMPHADENOPATHY,
ENLARGEMENT OF POSTERIOR LYMPH NODES
(WINTERBOTTOM’S SIGN)
 ENCEPHALITIS CHARACTERIZED BY HEADACHE,
INSOMNIA, MOOD CHANGES. MUSCLE TREMORS,
SLURRED SPEECH
 SOMNOLENCE (SLEEPING SICKNESS)
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS  PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA: PLASMODIUM SPP.
 CSF ANALYSIS, SEROLOGIC TESTS, ASPIRATION OF  MAIN MODE OF TRANSMISSION FOR PLASMODIUM
CHANCRE REVEALS PARASITES  BITE OF FEMALE MOSQUITO VECTOR
 TREATMENT  TRANSMISSION ACROSS PLACENTA
 SURAMIN  IN BLOOD TRANSFUSSION
 PENTAMIDINE IF CNS ARE PRESENT  IV DRUG ABUSE
 PREVENTION  INFECTIVE STAGE
 PROTECT AGAINST BITE OF FLY  SPOROZOITE FROM SALIVA OF BITING MOSQUITO
WHICH IS TAKE UP BY HEPATOCYTES
 AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (CHAGAS DISEASE)  EXOERYTHROCYTIC PHASE
 TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI  MULTIPLICATION OF SPOROZOITES INTO
 VECTOR MEROZOITES
 REDUVIID BUG (TRIATOMA, CONE-NOSE OR  P. VIVAX & OVALE PRODUCE A LATENT FORM
“KISSING BUG“) (HYPNOZOITE) IN LIVER WHICH IS CAUSES OF RELAPSES
 RESEVOIR HOSTS  MEROZOITES - RELEASED FROM LIVER CELLS & INFECT
 HUMANS, ANIMALS (DOMESTIC CATS, DOGSWILD RBC (ERYTHROCYTIC PHASE)
SPECIES AS ARMADILLO RACCOON & RAT  SOME MEROZOITES DEVELOP TO FEMALE & MALE
 INFECTIVE STAGE: TRYPOMASTIGOTE GAMETOCYTES
 PATHOGENIC STAGE: AMASTIGOTE  GAMETOCYTES - CONTAINING RBC ARE THEN INGESTED
 DISEASE: CHAGA’S DISEASE (AMERICAN BY VECTOR WHERE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF
TRYPANOSOMIASIS) PARASITE TAKES PLACE
 ACUTE PHASE: FACIAL EDEMA (ROMANA’S SIGN),  MOST PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS RESULT FROM RBC
NODULE (CHAGOMA) NEAR BITE SITE DESTRUCTION
 CHRONIC PHASE: LYMPHADENOPATHY,  DISEASE: MALARIA
HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY, LOSS OF TONE OF COLON  3 STAGES: DISEASE IS PRESENTED WITH SPLENOMEGALY
(MEGACOLON) & ESOPHAGUS, CARDIAC MUSCLE & ANEMIA
MOST AFFECTED MYCARDITIS, CARDIAC  COLD STAGE - ABRUPT ONSET OF CHILLS,
ARRHYTHMIA ACCOMPANIED BY HEADACHE, MYALGIA, ARTHRALGIA
 HOT STAGE - SPIKING FEVER ACCOMPANIED BY
SHAKING CHILLS, NAUSE & VOMITING, ABDOMINAL
PAIN
 SWEATING STAGE
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS  P. VIVAX & P. OVALLE
 BONE MARROW / MUSCLE BIOPSY  INFECTS YOUNG RBC.
 XENODIAGNOSIS  BENIGN TERTIAN MALARIA
 TREATMENT  P. MALARIAE
 DRUG OF CHOICE: ACUTE PHASE - NIFURTIMOX  INFECTS PRIMARILY OLD RBC
 ALTERNATIVE DRUG: BENZNIDAZOLE  FEVER CYCLE IS 72 HOURS
 CHRONIC FORM: NO EFFECTIVE DRUG  SYMPTOMS RECUR 4TH DAY (QUARTAN MALARIA)
 PREVENTION  P. FALCIPARUM
 PROTECTION FROM BITE OF REDUVIID BUG, INSECT  INFECTS YOUNG & OLD RBC
CONTROL  CAUSES MOST SEVERE INFECTION
 MALIGNANT TERTIAN MALARIA
 MALARIA  CEREBRAL MALARIA & BLACKWATER FEVER
 PLASMODIUM
 MALARIA IS CAUSED BY 4 PLASMODIA
 PLASMODIUM VIVAX
 PLASMODIUM MALARIAE
 PLASMODIUM OVALE
 PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM
 VECTOR & DEFINITIVE HOST
 FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
 SEXUAL CYCLE (SPOROGONY)
 OCCURS PRIMARILY IN MOSQUITOS
 ASEXUAL CYCLE (SCHIZOGONY)
 OCCURS IN HUMANS (INTERMEDIATE HOSTS)
JASMINE ROSE ESPINAS
 OTHER SYSTEMIC DISEASES  AT RISK: SEWAGE WORKER, FARMERS & MINERS
DENGUE FEVER
 ARTHROPOD - BORNE INFECTION
 DURING RAINY SEASON
 HUMAN HOST - RESERVOIR
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION: BITE OF MOSQUITO ---
 AEDES AEGYPTI
 AEDES ALBOPICTUS  BIPHASIC INFECTION
 KNOWN AS ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO - STRIPES IN  SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
LEGS  INITIAL: FEVER. NON-SPECIFIC SYMPTOMS OF
 DAY-BITING. PEAK BITING: 2-3 HOURS AFTER MUSCLE PAIN, HEADACHE. CALF-MUSCLE PAIN AND
DAYLIGHT & FEW HOURS BEFORE NIGHT TIME ORANGE/REDDISH EYES FOR SOME CASES. RECEDE
 ETIOLOGIC AGENT FOR A SHORT PERIOD
 BY DENGUE VIRUS  IMMUNE PERIOD: MENINGITIS
 WITH 4 STRAINS  WEIL’S DISEASE OR INFECTIVE JAUDICE - IF SEVER
 PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN CASES, MENINGITIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED
 HERMAN’S SIGN (PETECHIAL RASHES) RENAL FUNCTION & LIVER DAMAGE
 SIGNS / SYMPTOMS  PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN: ORANGE EYES
 CLASSIC DENGUE FEVER  PREVENTION AND CONTROL
 HIGH-FEVER FOR 3 - 6 DAYS  AVOID SWIMMING OR WADING IN CONTAMINATED
 CAMEL-BACK OR SADDLE-BACK PATTERN FEVER - WATER OR FLOOD WATER
SUBSIDES & REAPPEARS AFTER 2 - 3 DAYS  USE PROTECTION LIKE BOOTS AND GLOVES WHEN
 MUSCLE AND BONE PAIN WORK REQUIRES EXPOSURE TO CONTAMINATED
 HERMAN’S SIGN - WITH TRANSIENT PUNCTUATE WATER
RASH OVER ELBOW & KNESS  DRAIN CONTAMINATED WATER WHEN POSSIBLE
 PETECHIAE - MACULOPAPULAR RASH OR RED TINY  CONTROL RATS IN THE HOUSEHOLD BY USING RAT
SPOTS ON THE SKIN TRAPS OR RAT POISION, MAINTAINING CLEANLINESS
 ON 3RD TO 5TH DAY, RASH BECOMES MORBILIFORM  LAB DIAGNOSIS
OVER TRUNK, FACE, & EXTREMITIES  CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
 GENERALIZED LYMPHADENOPATHY & LEUCOPENIA  CONFIRMED BY: INCREASE SERUM LEVEL OF MAT
 DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (DHF) (MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION TEST)
 FEVER: 2 - 5 DAYS LATER WITH PROSTRATION,  TREATMENT
RESTLESSNESS, FACIAL FLUSHING, ABDOMINAL PAIN  DRUG OF CHOICE: PENICILLIN
& DEHYDRATION  PROPHOLAXIS FOR EXPOSED INDIVIDUAL:
 BLEEDING: (PETECHIAE, EPISTAXIS, HEMATEMESIS DOXYCYCLINE
OR MELENA, PURPURA OR ECCHMOSIS)
 DENGUE SHOCK SYNDROME INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
 CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE (DSS)  OTHER NAME: KISSING DISEASE
 PREVENTION  VIREMIA - INFECTS B LYMPHOCYTES
 WITH VACCINE  ETIOLOGIC AGENT
 MASS EDUCATION  OTHER NAME OF THE VIRUS IS HHV-4
 ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE  TRANSMISSION
 MOSQUITO / LARRVAL CONTROL  EXCHANGE OF SALIVA, SHARING OF DRINKING
GLASSES
LEPTOSPIROSIS  CONTAGIOUS
 ETIOLOGIC AGENT  INCIDENCE
 LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS - SPIROCHETE BACTERIA  AMONG ADOLESCENT / YOUNG ADULT
-INFECTS RODENTS, HOUSEHOLD PETS & LIVESTOCK  SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
-EXCRETED IN URINE OF ANIMALS & CONTAMINATE SOIL  FEVER, SORE THROAT, LETHARGY,
& WATER LYMPHADENOPATHY, SPLENOMEGALY, ANOREXIA
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION  DIAGNOSIS
 ENTERS THROUGH BREAKS IN SKIN / MUCOUS  HEMATOLOGIC EXAM REVEALS ATYPICAL
MEMBRANE LYMPHOCYTES
 WADING OR SWIMMING IN CONTAMINATED WATER  SEROLOGIC TEST - HETERO ANTIBODY TEST FOR
 INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED WATER OR FOOD EARLY DETECTION

JASMINE ROSE ESPINAS

 COMPLICATION LYME DISEASE
 NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA, BURKITT’S  OTHER NAME: LYME BORRELIOSIS
LYMPHOMA, 7 OTHER B - CELL LYMPHOCYTES  ETIOLOGIC AGENT
 BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, SPIROCHETE BACTERIUM
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS (CMV)  RESERVOIR OF B. BURGDORFERI IS A WOOD RAT
 OBLIGATORY HOST: MAMMALS, EX. DEER ON WHICH
THE TICK COMPLETES ITS LIFE CYCLE

 ETIOLOGIC AGENT: CMV

 CAUSE ENLARGEMENT OF THE INFECTED CELLS
(CYTOMEGALY)
 COMMON - NEWBORNS & IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
ADULT
 SPREADS VIA BODILY SECRETIONS - ISOLATED IN
BLOOD, SALIVA, STOOL, TEARS, THROAT, SEMEN,
 ATHROPOD-BORNE INFECTION (TICK)
VAGINAL & CERVICAL SECRETIONS, AMNIOTIC
 SIGNS / SYMPTOMS: 3 STAGES
FLUIDS & TISSUES
 1ST STAGE: ERYTHEMA CHRONICUM MIGRANS -
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
PAINLESS, CIRCULAR RED RASH AT SITE
 ORAL ROUTE, SEXUAL CONTACT, CONGENITAL
 2ND STAGE: MYOCARDITIS OR PERICARDITIS,
TRANSMISSION, TISSUE TRANSPLANT, BLOOD
ASEPTIC MENINGITIS, BELL’S PALSY &
TRANSFUSION
NEUROPATHIES - FOLLOWED BY LATENT PERIOD
 SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
 3RD STAGE: ARTHRITIS OF LARGE JOINTS
 ASYMPTOMATIC
 PREVENTION
 MONONUCLEOSIS-LIKE SYNDROME
 PREVENT TICK BITE
 IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT - CAUSES
 WEAR THICK CLOTHING
CHORIORETINITIS (IN AIDS PATIENT), ENCEPHALITIS,
 USE INSECT REPELLANTS
PNEUMONIA & ESOPHAGITIS
 ACQUIRED CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DURING DELIVERY, FROM
MOTHER’S MILK OR BLOOD TRANSFUSION
 CONGENITAL & NEONATAL INFECTIONS
 CAUSE OF CONGENITAL VIRAL INFECTION >> MENTAL
RETARDATION
 CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES (MICROCEPHALY, MR,
VISUAL, CATARACTS, GLAUCOMA, DEAFNESS,
HEPATOMEGALY, RASH, CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT)
 SOME SYMPTOMATIC
 PREVENTION: LIVE ATTENUATE CMV VACCINE
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
 HISTOLOGIC EXAM OF TISSUE & URINE - “OWL’S EYE“
WHICH IS HALLMARKS OF CMV INFECTION
 CULTURE IN FIBROBLAST CELLS
 SEROLOGICAL DETECTION OF IgM & IgG ANTIBODIES
TO CMV ANTIGENS
 TREATMENT
 DRUG OF CHOICE: GANCICLOVIR
 ALTERNATE DRUG: FOSCARNET
 PREVENTION
 USE OF MECHANICAL METHOD (CONDOM)
 AVOID ANAL SEX
 SCREENING OF BLOOD ORGAN DONOR
 LIVE ATTENUATE CMV VACCINE

JASMINE ROSE ESPINAS