BIOCHEMISTRY IN HOMEOSTASIS SUPPLEMENT

Homeo = living individuals ● Vitamins and minerals are important if

Stasis = balance you’re sick
Homeostasis - state of steady internal
physical and chemical conditions ORGANS INVOLVED IN HOMEOSTASIS

● Goldilocks effect - means the body is 1. Lungs

always in balance - Maintains the oxygen
● Shivering - there is a rapid succession of balance
muscle contraction - The circulatory and
● Hypothermia - the appendages in the body respiratory systems are
quickly experience this (back of the neck, involved in homeostasis
hands, feet); the appendages are easier to - The gas exchange is
be affected than the core of the body facilitated by hemoglobins

How does the body react to a low- 2. Pancreas

temperature environment? - Very important in
homeostasis
1. Perspiration - Releases the hormones
2. The sweat will spread all over the body and glucagon and insulin
will be cooled when air mixes with it ● Insulin - triggers the liver to
store up glycogen
➔ Inadequate water in the body = high solute ● Glucagon - triggers
concentration glycogenolysis to
➔ More water is better than more solute gluconeogenesis (glucose
synthesis) to glycolysis
Factors that affect homeostasis (glucose breakdown) to
glycogenesis (glycogen
1. Environment formation)
2. Food
3. Water intake 3. Hypothalamus
4. Sleep and rest - Regulates temperature and
5. Sickness osmotic pressure (water
balance in the body)
➔ When sleeping, you will only be able to - Evaporation of water helps in
store 30% of your energy and the 70% goes regulating body temperature
to homeostatic activities
➔ When you are sick, the body is in an ➔ The blood distributes heat
unbalanced state. throughout the body
❖ Virulence factors are proteins that ➔ RBC is biconcave in shape because
cause disease the linked iron and pyrrole rings are
depressed at the center
● Proteins are important for enzyme and ➔ Iron binds all the porphyrin
immune functions molecules
 BIOCHEMISTRY IN HOMEOSTASIS SUPPLEMENT

➔ The Co2 and O2 bind at the center ➔ Fe2 = ferrous

of the RBC ➔ Fe3 = ferric

PROTEINS THAT COME FROM THE ➔ The reversible redox transition will
HEME FAMILY be converted to the iron in the heme
core
1. Hemoglobin ➔ The conversion of ferrous to ferric
- The oxygen makes the blood occurs in the heme core
color red
- The veins carry 4. Peroxidase
deoxygenated blood - Present in fungi and bacteria
2. Myoglobin - Can degrade the cell walls
- It is an iron oxygen-binding - Can kill a specific part of a
protein found in the cardiac plant
and skeletal muscle tissues
of vertebrates ➔ The gut, brain, bones, lungs, blood
- Not related to hemoglobin and heart coordinate to keep us
- Has a different function and alive.
structure with hemoglobin
- Has a higher affinity for
oxygen than the hemoglobin
- Does not have a cooperative
binding with oxygen like
hemoglobin
➔ Hemoglobin - kumakapit agad sa
oxygen
➔ Myoglobin - Hindi agad kumakapit
sa oxygen pero mas malakas ang
kapit nito sa oxygen
➔ Muscle cells with higher myoglobin
concentration may hold their breath
for a longer period of time
❖ Example:
Deep divers have a higher
volume of myoglobin in the
body
Diving mammals like whales,
dolphins, and seals

3. Cytochromes
- Have 4 types (A, B, C, D)
- They have different functions
- They don’t overlap