Vision 4 Odp Do CW

Workbook 4 answer key
INTRODUCTION 0.3 Standing out

Ex 1
0.1 Nature Suggested answers:
1 He’s working on some machinery. Maybe he’s mending
Ex 1a
something.
Suggested answer:
2 It looks like he’s learning a new skill, or doing work
They both show young people outdoors, enjoying the natural
experience.
environment.
In the first photo there is a group of young people and they are Ex 2
relaxing outdoors on a campsite. In the second photo there is a 1 am going to do 2 may not apply 3 will supply
young woman who is on her own. It looks like she has hiked or 4 are going to offer 5 will involve 6 will consider
climbed a long way. The scenery in the second photo is more 7 might be
dramatic than in the first.
Ex 3
Ex 2 1 are you going to do 2 might go 3 may try 4 ’m going
1 The first photo shows 2 They are / They’re sitting to look 5 ’m not going to waste 6 ’ll go 7 ’ll definitely get
3 (don’t) often go camping 4 the second photo there is / 8 might manage
there’s 5 She is / She’s looking 6 (don’t) enjoy spending
Ex 4
Ex 3 1 going to do 2 will have 3 might / may stay 4 ’ll work
1 ’re camping 2 don’t usually like 3 ’s 4 ’m having hard 5 ’ll help 6 might / may not get 7 going to write
5 ’re staying 6 are 7 goes 8 aren’t climbing
9 aren’t hiking 10 ’re relaxing 11 ’m not playing Ex 5
12 don’t know 13 ’m learning 14 know 15 come Students’ own answers
16 ’m sitting 17 prefer 18 ’m going 19 leaves
20 ’s coming 21 ’m taking
0.4 Pulling your weight
Ex 4 Ex 1
1 Are you coming 2 I’m not. 3 don’t study
1 He’s doing the ironing.
4 are you going? 5 ’re spending 6 ’re looking 7 don’t think
2–3 Students’ own answers
8 ’m looking 9 ’re going 10 leaves 11 does it arrive
Ex 2
Ex 5 1 C 2 E 3 B 4 A 5 D
Students’ own answers
Ex 3
0.2 Running on empty 1 don’t help 2 won’t be able 3 don’t do 4 asks
5 ’d invent 6 ’ll call 7 catch 8 cancel
Ex 1
Suggested answer: Ex 4
There’s a girl and she’s looking at a plate of healthy food. The 1 If you don’t tidy your room, I won’t give you a lift to the party.
food looks quite boring and she doesn’t look very enthusiastic 2 I’ll walk the dog if I have time this morning.
about it! 3 If I was / were really rich, I’d employ people to do all my
housework!
Ex 2a 4 The housework always takes less time when we all help.
5 present perfect simple 3 past perfect 4 present perfect 5 My dad always takes the rubbish out. I wouldn’t do it if you
continuous 2 past continuous 1 past simple paid me!
6 What would everyone do with the spare time if they didn’t
Ex 2b have to do any housework?
1 D 2 A 3 B 4 E 5 C 7 Georgia never puts her clothes away unless her mum tells her
to do it.
Ex 3
8 Let’s do this together! I’ll clear the table if you load the
1 ’s lost 2 Were you having dinner 3 ’d never eaten
dishwasher.
4 ’s had 5 decided 6 ’ve been experimenting
7 was shopping 8 ’ve been cooking Ex 5
Ex 4
1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 D 6 B 7 C 8 D
0.5 On the road
Ex 5
Students’ own answers Ex 1
1 They’re backpacking/travelling.
2–3 Students’ own answers
Ex 2
1 off 2 off / for 3 up 4 out 5 up 6 around 7 out
Vision Workbook 4 answer key 1

Ex 3 Ex 3b
Students’ own answers Defining relative clauses
one woman who had watched the tiger walk through her back
Ex 4 yard and chase her dog
1 carry on 2 find out 3 hasn’t got back 4 hang out a truck that contained thirteen other tigers
5 cut back over 100 calls a week that they do not bother responding to
the person whose mobile phone had disappeared down the
Ex 5 toilet
Students tick: Non-defining relative clauses
1 A, B Atlanta, USA, where members of the public had reported seeing
2 B a tiger wandering loose
3 A his son’s shoe, which was stuck on a garage roof
4 A, B
5 A, B Ex 4
6 A 1 The accident, which involved three cars, happened in the
early morning.
Ex 6 2 My friend, who is trained in first aid, helped the injured man.
Students’ own answers 3 West Wales, where there is a low crime rate, is one of the
safest places to live.
0.6 Gone, but not forgotten 4 The boy, whose quick thinking prevented an emergency, was
given an award.
Ex 1 5 They were taken to hospital, where they made a full recovery.
Suggested answer:
1 Both photos show people making phone calls. Ex 5a
2 The first photo shows someone talking on a modern 1 which / that 2 who / that 3 where 4 whose
smartphone. The second photo shows someone making a call 5 who / that
from a public phone. It looks like the photo was taken about
20 years ago. Ex 5b
They can be omitted in sentences 1 and 5.
Ex 2
1 a 2 the 3 – 4 the 5 a 6 an 7 – 8 the 9 the Ex 6
10 the 11 a 12 the 13 the 14 an 15 the 16 – 17 – Students’ own answers
18 –
0.8 Life hacks
Ex 3
Uncountable Ex 1
a little 1 They’re probably at school.
too much 2 They’re wearing jackets and ties because that’s their school
Plural countable uniform.
a few 3 They look very smart and formal.
too many 4 Students’ own answers.
both the
each of the Ex 2
Both Obligation: must, have to, need to
some No obligation: don’t have to, needn’t
a lot of Prohibition: mustn’t
enough Advice: should, had better, ought to
all of the
Ex 3
Ex 4 1 ought to 2 must 3 must not 4 have to 5 need to
1 A lot of people 2 won’t have many problems 3 hasn’t 6 shouldn’t 7 should 8 don’t have to 9 needn’t
got enough / doesn’t have enough 4 None of the students
5 All (of ) the phones come 6 We’ve got little time / We have Ex 4
little time 1 don’t have to 2 must 3 mustn’t 4 doesn’t need to
5 has to
Ex 5
1 ought to go now 2 should try 3 ’d better not
0.7 Emergency! 4 oughtn’t to 5 shouldn’t use
Ex 1 Ex 6
1 Someone is calling the emergency services. Students’ own answers
2 Police, fire service and ambulance
3 Students’ own answers
1 This is me!
Ex 2
1 where 2 who 3 whose 4 which 1.1
Ex 3a Ex 1a
a truck that contained thirteen other tigers 1 G 2 A 3 C 4 F 5 E 6 D 7 B
over 100 calls that they do not bother responding to

Ex 2 Ex 3
1 feeling down, cheer … up 2 over the moon Students’ own answers
3 memorable day 4 remarkable story 5 hooked on
6 unexpected twist Ex 4
Ex 3
1 over the moon 2 drive me crazy 3 feel down Ex 5
4 ridiculous idea 5 hooked on 6 remarkable story Students’ own answers
Ex 4 Ex 6
1 natural 2 up 3 rumbled 4 rocks 5 epic Suggested answer:
Don’t keep the problem to yourself. Talk to somebody about it.
Ex 5 Ignore the bullies, and report them if you can. Take photos of
Students’ own answers any aggressive messages.
Ex 6 1.5
Ex 1
1.2 1 overwhelmed 2 absorbed 3 wise 4 sensitive
5 aggressive 6 mature 7 single-minded 8 distracted
Ex 1 9 passionate
1 When Tom got to school, he realised that he’d left his phone
on the kitchen table. (example) Ex 2
2 I felt hungry because I hadn’t had any breakfast. 1 He’d been feeling overwhelmed with school work, and was
3 When I got on the bus, I remembered that I hadn’t locked the finding it difficult to relax, too.
front door. 2 He thought that it would distract him from schoolwork.
4 I felt tired because I’d slept very badly. 3 A mature, disciplined person who wasn’t too sensitive.
5 We arrived at the cinema after the film had started. 4 It made him forget about other, stressful areas of his life.
6 Jake didn’t go to the party because nobody had invited him.
Ex 3
Ex 2 Possible answers:
1 ’d been waiting (example) 2 ’d been walking 3 hadn’t been Always positive: mature, passionate, wise, sensitive
feeling 4 ’d been crying 5 ’d been thinking 6 hadn’t been Always negative: aggressive, overwhelmed, distracted
concentrating Sometimes positive, sometimes negative: absorbed, single-
minded
Ex 3
Students circle: forget, know, understand, want Ex 4
1 ’d understood 2 had known 3 ’d been listening Students’ own answers
4 ’d been taking 5 ’d remembered 6 ’d wanted
7 ’d been working 8 had been snowing Ex 5
Ex 4
1 A 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 A 6 C 7 B 8 B 1.6
Ex 5 Ex 1
Students’ own answers 1 used to like 2 used to be 3 used to feel 4 didn’t use to
sing 5 used to sing 6 Did you use to use
1.3
Ex 2
Ex 1 1 f
1 strengths 2 perspective 3 loses 4 interactions 5 goals 2 I didn’t use to like vegetables when I was younger, but now I
6 criticise 7 justified 8 mind 9 judgement 10 take do.
3 My brother and I used to share a bedroom.
Ex 2 4 I used to be able to play chess, but now I’ve forgotten how!
Students’ own answers 5 Did you use to wear a uniform at your old school?
6 We used to live near the sea.
Ex 3 7 f
Students’ own answers 8 I used to have an old dolls’ house when I was a child. I’d play
with it for hours.
Ex 4
1 A tried
1.4 2 A found
3 A Did you go / B Did you use to go
Ex 1 4 A took
1 What makes you say that? 2 That must be really difficult. 5 A didn’t enjoy / B didn’t use to enjoy
3 Excellent! 6 B used to put on / C ’d put on
7 B used to stand / C ’d stand
Ex 2
8 A had
1 C 2 A 3 B

Ex 4 Introducing an unexpected twist
Students’ own answers 6 It may just be a coincidence, but …
7 Interestingly, …
1.7 Ex 5
Ex 1 Talking about memories: When I look back now, I can still see …
1 contentious 2 protagonist 3 conflict 4 loyalty Talking about character: You could say I’m quite …
5 use his head 6 navigate 7 tight-knit 8 happy-go-lucky Introducing an unexpected twist: It’s a funny fact, but …
9 grinning 10 firm
Ex 6
Ex 2 Sample answer:
Students’ own answers My school routine is quite hard. I’m at school from eight o’clock
until half past three every day, then I have to do about two hours
Ex 3 of homework every night. We also have regular tests every six
1 C 2 A 3 E 4 B weeks.
Four years ago, it wasn’t like this. I used to study more subjects,
Ex 4 but I didn’t use to have so much homework. As I recall, things
Sample answers: were more relaxed then, and I’d have more free time in the
1 odzwierciedla jej własne życie evenings.
2 chce przypomnieć sobie, jak ważne jest jego przesłanie The change is understandable, because I’ve got important
3 się w sobotę w szkole exams next year; but I would describe myself as quite an anxious
4 uświadomił mu, że nawet dzieci uważane za fajne żyją pod person and at times it makes me quite stressed.
presją i mogą nie być zadowolone z etykietek Unfortunately, next year will probably be even more stressful,
but I’m going to think of some strategies to deal with it.
Ex 5
1.8
1.10
Ex 1
1 B 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 C Ex 1
1 we used to walk 2 I had left my bag
Ex 2 3 Dan would always play 4 she had already had
Past sentences are: 5 I had been waiting 6 use to play
1 I’d watch a lot of these films as a teenager.
3 My sister and I wouldn’t sit still in the cinema. Ex 2
5 We’d choose a different film every Sunday. 1 A 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 C 6 A
Ex 3 Ex 3
A 2 B – C 1 D 4 E 3 1 responsibility 2 motivation 3 ridiculous 4 weaknesses
5 maintaining 6 overwhelmed 7 interaction
Ex 4 8 memorable
Suggested answers:
They all deal with teenagers trying to find their own identity. Ex 4
Lady Bird, Rebel without a Cause, Boyhood and The Breakfast 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 B 6 C 7 A 8 C
Club also deal with teenagers’ relationship with their parents.
Rebel without a Cause also deals with teenage rebellion. 1.11
Clueless, Mean Girls and The Breakfast Club all deal with teenage
cliques / wanting to fit in and be popular. Ex 1
1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A
1.9
Ex 2
Ex 1 1 good at 2 good to 3 angry about 4 guilty of
Students’ own answers 5 good for 6 angry with 7 guilty about
Ex 2 Ex 3a
A 2 B 3 C 1 1 about 2 on 3 for 4 by 5 of 6 by 7 to
Ex 3 Ex 3b
I quite miss sitting down as a family to watch something good, guilty
together.
Ex 4
Ex 4 1 about; like someone or something a lot (example)
Talking about memories 2 for; showing that something harms or is beneficial for
1 As I recall … someone or something
2 I can clearly picture … 3 of; showing that someone thinks that something is true or
3 When I think about that time, … that something will happen
Talking about character 4 with; describing feelings such as lack of satisfaction; about;
4 I’ve always considered myself to be … showing that someone feels worried about something,
5 I would describe myself as … especially a future situation
5 in; showing that someone is interested in something

Ex 5 2.3
Ex 1
1.12 1 self-esteem 2 deal with 3 get through 4 setback
5 define 6 accept the fact 7 trust 8 unavoidable
Ex 1 9 surround yourself 10 build resilience
1 A 2 A
Ex 2
Ex 2 Sam B Zach A Leila D
Nadia C
1 D 2 C 3 B 4 A
Ex 3
Ex 3 1 D, B 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 A 6 B, C
1 G, A 2 G, C 3 S, A 4 S, D
Ex 4
2 Ups and downs
2.4
2.1
Ex 1
Ex 1 Sample answers:
1 Keira 2 Keira 3 Finlay 4 Lisa 5 Lisa 6 Keira 1 She’s probably just failed a driving test.
2 She’s probably feeling frustrated and upset.
Ex 2
1 attention-seeking 2 spoiled 3 give in 4 showing off Ex 2
5 leave us alone 6 calm down 7 fall out 8 make up Students’ own answers
9 Talk it over 10 to
Ex 3
Ex 3 Sample answers:
1 binge 2 weapon 3 long 4 level 1 be gutted, spend time with a big group of people (example)
2 she’s feeling a bit embarrassed, meet up with lots of people
Ex 4 3 I’d want to put it behind me, go out and discuss it
1 Alisha’s always saying mean things about other people. 4 that she wants to move on, ask her to come shopping with us
(example)
2 William’s forever asking to borrow money. Ex 4
3 Paul and Emma are forever falling out with each other. 1 were 2 sooner 3 better 4 would 5 whatever
4 You’re always complaining about everything!
5 Harry’s forever arguing with his brother. Ex 5
6 I’m always losing my phone. 1 We’d better tell the truth or the teacher might be angry.
(example)
Ex 5 2 You’d better see a doctor.
Students’ own answers 3 We’d better explain how this happened.
4 We’d better leave now or we’ll miss the start of the film.
2.2 5 You’d better talk to your parents about it.
6 You’d better find out more information about it.
Ex 1
1 should, ought to 2 be supposed to 3 mustn’t 4 have to, Ex 6
must 5 don’t have to, don’t need to, needn’t Students’ own answers
Ex 2 2.5
1 A 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 C
Ex 1
Ex 3 Students’ own answers
1 might 2 must, can 3 can’t 4 should 5 be able to
Ex 2
Ex 4 1 Y 2 M 3 M 4 Y 5 M
1 doesn’t need to 2 should 3 might 4 can 5 must
6 am I supposed to 7 have to Ex 3
Positive: good mental health, wellbeing
Ex 5 Negative: burnout, regrets, anxieties, addiction, depression,
1 I might be late for the lesson. (example) mental health problems
2 We’ll be able to talk it over later. Neutral: mental to-do list, constantly, internal monologue
3 You should / ought to stop arguing.
4 You must be tired after your journey. Ex 4
5 The winters here can (sometimes) be very cold. 1 Regrets 2 wellbeing 3 internal monologue 4 burnout
6 You don’t have to / don’t need to / needn’t apologise. 5 Depression
Ex 6 Ex 5
Students’ own answers Students’ own answers
Ex 6

2.6 Ex 6
Sample answer:
Ex 1 Advantages
1 shouldn’t have 2 was supposed to have 3 should have 1 It stops you wasting weeks of free time.
4 could have 5 might have 6 should have 2 You might learn useful skills for the future.
3 It would look good on your CV.
Ex 2 Disadvantages
1 B 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 A 1 You might not enjoy the experience.
2 You might not learn anything useful.
Ex 3 3 It might make you feel tired and stressed when you’re
1 I might have lost your address. supposed to be taking a break.
2 Ben shouldn’t have fallen out with his sister.
3 They can’t have arrived already.
4 You must have known about Kate’s depression. 2.9
5 They may have talked it over together.
Ex 1
6 You’re supposed to have finished that work.
Suggested answers:
Ex 4 The girl is rock-climbing and she’s looking up at the rock that
1 didn’t need to buy she’s about to climb. She must be feeling nervous. In that
2 needn’t have made / didn’t need to make situation I’d be terrified!
3 didn’t need to study
Ex 2
4 needn’t have got up / didn’t need to get up
1 guess 2 should 3 fell 4 still 5 forget
5 didn’t need to use
Ex 3
Ex 5 C
Ex 4
2.7 extra information = (It was about 15 metres high!)
a personal comment = (I know that’s hard to believe!)
Ex 1
1 C 2 G 3 D 4 F 5 A 6 B 7 E Ex 5
A after ‘National Citizenship Service!’
Ex 2 B after ‘I felt too embarrassed.’
1 C 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 B C after ‘I put on my equipment’
Ex 3 Ex 6
Sample answer: Sample answer:
The Robertsons were sailing around the world because it had Hi Alex!
always been Dougal Robertson’s dream to sell everything they Guess what happened to me last weekend! Normally I’m pretty
owned, buy a boat and sail around the world. The boat was resilient, but one thing that I’ve always been scared of is flying.
attacked by killer whales between Panama and the Galapagos Last weekend it was my grandmother’s 80th birthday and we
Islands. The family survived by moving into a lifeboat, sailing to decided to take a plane to visit her (she lives in Edinburgh). My
a rainier region and catching sharks and turtles. In the end, after parents recommended an app that I could listen to during the
nearly six weeks, they were rescued by a fishing boat, but the journey to keep me calm.
family dynamic had changed forever. Before we got on the plane I wasn’t feeling very convinced,
but I started listening to the app and it talked me through all
Ex 4 the emotions I was feeling. I focused on the calming voice on
Sample answer: the app, and by the time we reached Edinburgh, I was actually
The Robertson family showed resilience in practical ways, by enjoying the flight!
using intelligence and inventive ideas. The family in the second I felt really proud of myself afterwards, and I’m looking forward
text showed emotional resilience by understanding when it was to flying again this summer!
necessary to move house, and making the move together, even
though it wasn’t easy or comfortable. Ex 7
2.8
2.10
Ex 1
1 you are supposed to be at the dentist 2 f 3 f 4 it can’t
Ex 2 have been 5 f 6 f 7 (Where do you think) he could have
1 National Citizen Service 2 about 100,000 gone 8 (she) needn’t have worried (because she did brilliantly)
Ex 3 Ex 2
1 D 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 B 1 get through 2 leave him alone 3 fell out with
4 have regrets about not 5 cut off from
Ex 4
6 it wasn’t relevant to
A
Ex 5 Ex 3
1 B 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 B
1 F 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 F

Ex 4
1 define 2 trust 3 spoiled 4 estimate 5 satisfy
3 Sport and society
6 wellbeing
3.1
2.11 Ex 1
Ex 1a
1 The new shopping centre opened in May despite some early Ex 2
setbacks. 1 injustice 2 showed 3 impact 4 make 5 mentor
2 I don’t mind his happy-go-lucky attitude but I can’t stand his 6 inspire
lack of time management skills.
3 My sister has always been a high achiever so it’s no surprise Ex 3
that her long-term plan is to become a manager. 1 admire 2 cooperated 3 trailblazer 4 influence
4 This sports programme has helped children to raise their self- 5 look up
esteem.
Ex 4
Ex 1b A Rosalind Franklin B Jan Mela C Emmeline Pankhurst
C
Ex 5
Ex 2 Imię i nazwisko: Boyan Slat
1 attention-seeking 2 ground-breaking 3 homesick Narodowość: Holender
4 burnout 5 rush hour 6 tight-knit Znany z: założenia organizacji charytatywnej The Ocean Cleanup
dla wspierania rozwoju technologii umożliwiającej oczyszczenie
Ex 3 mórz z plastikowych odpadków
1 tight-knit 2 burnout 3 homesick 4 rush hour Dlaczego jest wzorem do naśladowania? Inspiruje innych do
5 attention-seeking 6 ground-breaking podejmowania praktycznych działań, aby pomóc środowisku.
Ex 4 Ex 6
One word Separate words Words with a hyphen
bookcase cutting edge full-time
earrings jet lag level-headed 3.2
headache hair dye space-efficient
Ex 1
housemate brand new start-up
1 B 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 A
stomach ache sit-ups
Ex 2
Ex 5
1 forgot to take the books
2 never forget meeting
3 did you stop eating
2.12 4 stopped to have
5 went on to talk
Ex 1
6 went on running
Possible answers:
7 remember to pay
1 consider
8 Do you remember seeing
2 surprised, surprising
3 considerate, considered, considerable Ex 3
4 exceptional 1 to be 2 to go 3 studying 4 to insist / insisting
5 unexceptional 5 to apply / applying 6 arguing 7 to talk / talking 8 to do
6 surprisingly, unsurprisingly
7 considerably, considerately, inconsiderably, inconsiderately Ex 4
8 surprise 1 expected the students to do
2 (have) encouraged me to look
Ex 2 3 am / ’m spending an hour travelling
1 independently 2 considerable 3 permission 4 inspired me to study
4 exception 5 discouraged
Ex 3 3.3
Ex 1
Ex 4 1 emotionally 2 speak, yourself, challenge
A 4 B 3 C 2 D – E 1 3 hesitate, subject 4 dread, risk, stand 5 behind, propose
Ex 5 Ex 2
1 He may be waiting for someone. The commenter disagrees about the poster’s choice of role
2 They must be terrified. model.
3 It can’t be summertime.
Ex 3
4 She’s going to be OK.
He should post comment A.
Ex 6
Ex 4
1 A 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 A

Ex 5 3.6
1 hot 2 cool 3 heat 4 cool
Ex 1
Ex 6 1 is more popular than 2 are as serious 3 less stressful than
Students’ own answers 4 as cheap as 5 be lower than 6 aren’t as honest
3.4 Ex 2
1 more and more competitive 2 f 3 getting higher and
Ex 1 higher 4 f 5 the more popular 6 f
Circled answers: emotionally involved, hot-headed, losing your
cool, reacting in the heat of the moment Ex 3
1 a little 2 slightly 3 much 4 roughly 5 far
Ex 2 6 nowhere near
Sample answer:
The picture shows a man and three women. Two of the women Ex 4
are arguing. The woman on the left looks quite hot-headed, and Sample answers:
she’s losing her cool. The man in the middle and the woman on 1 Lee is a bit taller than Sam.
the right look a bit calmer, and less emotionally involved, but 2 Sam is almost as old as Lee.
they are still annoyed. 3 Sam is nothing like as heavy as Lee.
4 Sam is nearly as tall as Lee.
Ex 3 5 Lee is much faster than Sam.
He hasn’t got a job to pay off the debt, and the debt will only get
bigger. Ex 5
Ex 4
impolite 3.7
Ex 5a Ex 1
3 I’m sorry, but I don’t think that’s a very good idea. 1 overcome 2 attitude 3 physical 4 barrier 5 negative
5 My point is 6 expectations 7 improve 8 fulfil 9 relate 10 victory
4 The main thing is
2 I understand your argument, but Ex 2
1 Please don’t be offended by this, but Students’ own answers
Ex 6 Ex 3
Raising a difficult topic 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 B
Please don’t be offended by this, but
Clarifying your point Ex 4
The main thing is 1 According to Niall, actors, singers and sportspeople are
My point is common role models for young people.
Disagreeing politely 2 He thinks that a lot of them are aware of society’s problems
I understand your argument, but and are involved with good causes.
I’m sorry, but I don’t think that’s a very good idea. 3 She thinks that they have a responsibility to their fans to
apologise and set a good example.
Ex 7 4 He singles out sportspeople as being hard-working.
Students’ own answers 5 He feels that we should react in the same way that we would
if a non-celebrity made the same mistake.
3.5
Ex 5
2 doping problems / amateur players and aspiring athletes
using banned substances 3.8
3 fair and unfair play
1 cutting footballers’ pay / big sponsorship deals / the cost of Ex 1
tickets for the ordinary spectator / corruption scandals Students’ own answers
Ex 2 Ex 2
1 spectator 2 deals 3 cutting 4 amateur 5 aspiring 1 B 2 A 3 A
6 doping 7 scandals 8 inequality 9 unfair 10 banned
Ex 3
Ex 3 1 Sports coach 2 4% 3 4% 4 4% 5 Teacher 6 7%
1 C 2 B 3 F 4 A 7 Parents 8 24%
Ex 4 Ex 4a
1 make 2 shady 3 stake 4 give apparently, astonishingly, interestingly, surprisingly
Ex 5 Ex 4b
Students’ own answers The speaker’s overall reaction to the results of the survey is
surprise.

Ex 5 3.11
Ex 1
3.9 B
Ex 1 Ex 2
1 The event in the photo is a talk about space and physics by 1 change / C 2 Get / A 3 Cut / G 4 take / B 5 stand / E
Brian Cox, a famous scientist. 6 laugh / D 7 are / F
2 Because it plays on words. ‘Out of this world’ refers to space,
but it also means ‘amazing’.
Ex 3
1 Use 2 getting 3 drive 4 load 5 heat 6 lose
3 That he used to be a rock musician.
4 That Brian Cox chose to answer the writer’s question from Ex 4a
thousands of possible questions. Suggested answers:
1 zakochać się / zadurzyć się w kimś; czuć do kogoś miętę
Ex 2
2 przejechać na czerwonym świetle
1 widely R 2 like S 3 Never S 4 People R 5 arguments R
3 obwiniać
6 Imagine S 7 horror S 8 theory R 9 advice R
4 mieć ostatnie słowo
Ex 3 5 pomóc komuś, podać komuś pomocną dłoń
C
Ex 4b
Sample answer:
An evening with a sporting legend 3.12
Last weekend I had the chance to go and see Ellie Simmonds
speak about her life and achievements, so I didn’t hesitate to say Ex 1
yes! She was an after-dinner speaker at an event that my mum’s 1 C 2 D 3 D 4 B 5 A
company organised, and Mum offered to take me along as her
guest.
Ellie Simmonds is Paralympic swimmer who was born with 4 Change and progress
achondroplasia. That means that her legs and arms are much
shorter than other people’s. She first became famous during the 4.1
2008 Paralympics when she won gold medals at the age of just
thirteen. Since then she has won more medals and set world Ex 1
records at other Paralympics, and she has received sporting 1 facilities 2 occupied 3 guarantee 4 landlord
awards and honours from the queen. 5 abandoned 6 restored 7 references 8 tenant
I enjoyed hearing about all her sporting victories, but, to my 9 office blocks 10 lifestyle choice 11 affordable
surprise, the best part of the evening was when she went on to 12 obligation
speak about her charity work with other young disabled people.
Ex 2
It was both moving and inspirational.
1 B 2 A 3 A
It was a fascinating event, and it was far livelier than I’d
expected. I’d never been to an after-dinner talk before, because Ex 3
I hadn’t realised that they could be funny and engaging. Many 1 move out 2 move on 3 moved in
people think that they’re just boring lectures, but that is far from
the truth. I’m looking forward to going to some similar events Ex 4
later in the year! Students’ own answers
Ex 5
4.2
Ex 1
3.10 1 will be moving 2 won’t be living 3 will be feeling
4 won’t be studying 5 will be going 6 will be learning
Ex 1
1 stop to take 2 loved seeing 3 the heavier, the better Ex 2
4 not as expensive as 5 encouraged me to apply 1 will have completed the first
6 more and more 2 will have been living away
3 will gradually have got used
Ex 2 4 will have moved into
1 athletes 2 unfair 3 aspiring 4 psychological 5 will have made lots of
5 emotionally 6 stereotype 7 doping 8 gradually 6 will have been studying medicine
Ex 3 Ex 3
1 impact 2 mentor 3 influence 4 looked 5 admired 1 on 2 for 3 since 4 from 5 by
6 inspired 7 risks 8 challenges
Ex 4
Ex 4 1 she’ll be living 2 By 3 will have increased
1 amateur players 2 relate to 3 banned 4 involved with 4 I’ll have been living 5 since 6 we’ll be sharing
5 can’t stand 6 overcome a lot of obstacles 7 made people 7 we’ll have found 8 by
aware of 8 cut our sponsorship

Ex 5 4.5
Ex 1a
4.3 1 funding 2 part-time 3 master’s 4 PhD 5 do
6 scholarship 7 out 8 pursue
Ex 1
1 a downward trend C, D Ex 2
2 an upward trend A, B 1 D 2 F 3 C 4 B 5 A 6 G 7 E
3 a slight increase B
4 a steady decrease C
Ex 3
1 A 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 A
5 a dramatic rise A
6 a sharp fall D Ex 4
1 Students in the USA do pay a lot of money for their degrees.
Ex 2
2 That art course does seem very interesting.
1 living arrangements 2 went down 3 slight 4 decrease
3 I do like the idea of doing a master’s degree next year.
5 without 6 steadily 7 upward
4 Anna does want to take a gap year, but she hasn’t decided
Ex 3 where to go.
1 data set 2 based 3 steady 4 fall
Ex 5
increased gradually
a steady rise 4.6
an upward trend
Ex 1
Ex 5 1 a, –, the
Suggested answers: 2 The, the, –, –
1 It shows the average age at which men and women in Poland 3 an, –
got married in the period 1995–2015. 4 the
2 There was a steady rise in the average age of both men and 5 The, a
women. 6 the, –, a
3 The average age at which men got married in that period 7 a, –
increased gradually from 25.6 to 29.3. There was also a steady
rise in the average age at which women got married, from Ex 2
23.3 to 26.9. 1 a 2 – 3 – 4 the 5 the 6 – 7 the 8 a 9 – 10 an
4 This suggests that young people are putting off getting
married until they are older, maybe because they are more Ex 3
independent, or because they live together first before 1 None of the people 2 Few students 3 Both (of ) my
getting married. 4 All (of ) the colleges offer 5 I need a little time
5 Students’ own answers 6 Every course involves
Ex 4
4.4 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 A 7 C 8 D
Ex 1 Ex 5
Ex 2
1 congratulations 2 news 3 Good 4 traditional 5 still 4.7
6 used 7 fewer
Ex 1
Ex 3 1 industrial 2 collapsing 3 poverty 4 residential
1 C, E, F 2 B, D 3 A, C, F, G 5 converted 6 thriving 7 controversial 8 residents
9 lack 10 posh 11 destroying
Ex 4
Have you? Ex 2
Do they? Students’ own answers
Ex 5 Ex 3
Suggested answers: 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 D
1 Did you? Who did you go with?
Ex 4a
2 Has he? How did that happen?
Students underline:
3 Was it? How long did you stay?
As I see it,
4 Does she? Have you had an argument?
In my view,
Ex 6 as far as I’m concerned
Students’ own answers To my mind
Personally, I don’t feel
Ex 7 it’s my personal belief that
Students’ own answers I think that
I’m sure that

Ex 4b attended the college over the years in order to gain practical
Becky Taylor qualifications, or as part of their apprenticeships.
I firmly believe that reducing investment in the college will result
Ex 5 in fewer courses being offered and fewer students attending.
Suggested answers: Furthermore, there is also the possibility that this ill-advised plan
1 He thinks that they are a waste of time and money. will result in a steady increase in youth unemployment in the
2 The trends of more students choosing universities close to town.
their family homes, living with their families and commuting But it is not only the cuts to education funding that I wish to
to university each day. protest about, but also the proposal to redirect this funding to
3 She focuses on distance learning over the internet. the proposed new art gallery. I feel assured that an art gallery,
although an attractive facility for the town, will attract few
Ex 6 people, and cannot possibly bring the same benefits to residents
Students’ own answers as the college does.
I strongly suggest that the local government rethinks its decision
4.8 to divert funding away from our community college and into an
1 B indulgent project such as the art gallery. What I feel is that public
money should be used to benefit all the members of our society,
Ex 2 not just a few.
1 B 2 D 3 C 4 C 5 A Yours faithfully,
[name]
Ex 3
1 predictive analytics 2 big data 3 data mining Ex 6
Ex 4
Suggested answers:
1 the most valuable resource 2 doubling rapidly 4.10
3 future trends
Ex 1
Ex 5 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 C
Ex 2
1 investment 2 converted 3 residents 4 steadily
4.9 5 apprenticeship 6 upward 7 landlord 8 thriving
Ex 1 Ex 3
He’s protesting about a plan to convert residential buildings 1 destroy 2 crash 3 controversial 4 restore 5 block
into office blocks because he believes they should be used for 6 collapsing 7 decrease 8 increase
student accommodation.
Ex 4
Ex 2 1 occupying 2 slightly 3 sharp 4 gap 5 part-time
1 E 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 A 6 degree 7 local 8 up
Ex 3a
I firmly believe that 4.11
I am sure that
Ex 1
I strongly suggest that
1 A – B f
I feel assured that
2 A f 2 B –
Ex 3b
Ex 2a
What is more
1 Text 1
Additionally
2 Text 2
Ex 4
Ex 2b
1 What I would like to propose is that you abandon the plan.
1 hooked on 2 posh 3 attention-seeking
2 All that will help the situation is some clear thinking.
3 What the community needs is more affordable housing. Ex 3
4 What local government needs to understand is that this is an
urgent problem. Positive Neutral Negative
5 All that is stopping progress is a lack of confidence. – use exploit
vintage old –
Ex 5
– occupy squat
Sample answer:
Dear Sir / Madam, – confident conceited
I am writing to protest about the current plan to cut funding to childlike young –
the City College while at the same time spending a fortune on
Ex 4a
the new proposed Riverside Gallery.
diligent – positive
The City College has been offering practical, vocational courses
nosy – negative
such as hairdressing and engineering to the students of our
skinny – negative
town since the 1970s. Few young people in our town can enjoy
soggy – negative
the luxury of going to university. Instead, many of them have
thrifty – positive

Ex 4b 6 An interesting story was told to us.
Possible answers: 7 The relevant people have been sent an email.
Looking for clues in the definitions.
Checking online. Ex 5
4.12
5.3
Ex 1
A 3 B 2 C 1 D 4 Ex 1
1 returns, proof
Ex 2 2 rate, -term
1 looking forward to seeing 2 encouraged me to go 3 policy, refund, prove, faulty
3 I will have been living 4 should have apologised
Ex 2
Ex 3 1 Jessica 2 Matt 3 Ryan / Ryan’s dad
1 AGAINST 2 FOR 3 AGAINST 4 FOR
Ex 3
Ex 4 They didn’t read the terms and conditions properly before
Students’ own answers buying a product or a service.
Ex 4
5 Look before you leap It’s offering to print your photos on a variety of different
products.
5.1 Ex 5
Ex 1 You could be sent regular messages from Photogo and from
1 take risks 2 on offer 3 apply for 4 emigrated, settled other companies who would have your email address. Your
5 growth 6 in 7 prospects 8 competitive, labour market photos could be used by Photogo for any purposes.
9 an established
Ex 6
Ex 2 Suggested answers:
1 C 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 B 1 promotional messages and offers
2 share your personal details
Ex 3 3 your photos in any way they choose
1 took risks 2 emigrating 3 apply for a visa
4 labour market 5 prospects 6 on offer 7 to settle Ex 7
8 established Students’ own answers
Ex 4 5.4
Ex 1
5.2 shop assistant
customer
Ex 1
1 Your application is being processed at the moment. Ex 2
2 When was this photo taken? Suggested answers:
3 Lots of people are attracted by the idea of emigration. A customer has returned a faulty item to the shop. She’s
4 I couldn’t get into the house because the door had been requesting a refund, but the shop assistant might offer
locked. something else, such as a voucher.
5 In the 19th century, people were being invited to come to the
Ex 3
USA.
She wants a refund.
6 How will the problem of the ‘brain drain’ in this country ever
She is offered an exchange or a store voucher.
be solved?
7 This road has been closed since last weekend. Ex 4
1 packaging 2 missing 3 in transit 4 exchange
Ex 2
5 returns policy 6 customer service 7 solution
1 will be posted to you 2 was established here
8 more senior
3 are processed 4 is being dealt 5 have been left empty
6 had been told that Ex 5
1 I’d like to return it. (example)
Ex 3
2 I should be entitled to a refund.
1 C 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 C
3 I’m sure I have the right to get my money back.
Ex 4 4 Is there someone else I can speak to?
1 Some exciting new plans have been shown to the committee. 5 I’d rather exchange it.
(example) 6 I’m disappointed by your customer service.
2 A fifteen-year-old school girl was awarded the prize. 7 I’m not satisfied with the solution you’ve proposed.
3 All our students are offered some work experience. 8 Please can I speak to someone who is more senior?
4 Their investors were promised big profits.
Ex 6
5 A tour of the building will be given to everyone.

5.5 Ex 3
1 promote 2 is still following 3 very little
Ex 1 4 finished university
1 purchases 2 essentials 3 household 4 habits 5 control
6 finances 7 sacrifices Ex 4
1 He emigrated to New York at the age of seventeen, worked
Ex 2 hard, studied and won a college scholarship. He did a master’s
1 towards 2 into 3 off 4 out of degree at Harvard University and became a professor at the
age of 30.
Ex 3 2 To promote links between Poland and the USA and to arrange
1 B 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 B educational, scientific and cultural exchange programmes
between the two countries.
Ex 4 3 From Tadeusz Kosciuszko, the Polish military engineer who
1 fund 2 sacrifice 3 essential 4 fund 5 sacrifice helped the US to win its war of independence from Britain.
6 purchase 7 essential 8 purchase 4 Maria Skłodowska Curie, Leszek Balcerowicz, Katarzyna
Kozyra, Juliusz Jan Machulski.
Ex 5
Suggested answer:
5.6 1892: birth of Mierzwa
1922: Mierzwa becomes a university professor
Ex 1 1925: beginning of the Kosciuszko Foundation
1 needs to be told (example) 2 have to be paid 1927: Maria Skłodowska Curie gives her support to the
3 must have been made 4 can’t be controlled Foundation
5 might have been hacked 6 should have been paid off 1969: The Foundation’s fund reaches $1 million
1970: death of Mierzwa
Ex 2
1 being judged by 2 to be shown the receipt
3 being taken to hospital 4 appreciate being thanked 5.9
5 to be given a loan
Ex 1
1 It is thought that young people don’t know how to make
sacrifices. (example)
Ex 2
Paragraph 1: Introduction
2 It is understood that many people don’t have any savings.
Paragraph 2: Advantages: new facilities help the local
3 It has been reported that the economy will improve next year.
communities / the volunteers gain skills and life experience
4 It was assumed that he had run out of money.
Paragraph 3: Disadvantages: money is wasted on the experience
5 It used to be believed that borrowing money was a bad thing.
that could go directly to the communities / local people are
Ex 4 perhaps denied the opportunity to work and learn skills
1 is supposed to be 2 are known to have emigrated Paragraph 4: Conclusion
3 are said to have 4 is thought to have got
5 are reported to have stolen
Ex 3
Students underline:
Ex 5 in most cases
1 been 2 by 3 be 4 being 5 are 6 for 7 to 8 It To some extent
Broadly speaking
it may be true that
5.7
Ex 1 Ex 4
1 Generally 2 cases 3 clear 4 appears 5 suggests
1 scheme 2 piloted 3 participants 4 broaden
6 evidence
5 horizons 6 behind 7 break 8 barriers 9 promote
10 reflects 11 academic 12 recognised 13 grant Ex 5
Suggested answer:
Ex 2
Students at our school have recently been offered the chance
They both deal with Irish citizens leaving for North America to
to go on the ‘trip of a lifetime’ to Africa to do voluntary work and
broaden their horizons and seek their fortune.
go sightseeing. It may be true that the participants will gain a lot
Ex 3 from this trip, but it has to be said that I personally have some
1 B 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 B serious reservations about it.
Generally speaking, this trip does not seem to serve much
Ex 4 purpose. Its cost is beyond the reach of most ordinary families
Students’ own answers unless they make big sacrifices, so many students will be denied
the opportunity of going. Most of the money will be going to
5.8 the organisers of the trip and not to the community that it is
seeking to ‘help’ and, as a third of the trip is devoted to non-
Ex 1 essential leisure activities, it also has to be questioned whether
Students’ own answers the whole scheme is, to some extent, a huge waste of money.
It would be unfair, however, to ignore the benefits this type of
Ex 2 trip can bring. It’s clear that any student fortunate enough to
A 3 B – C 1 D 2 E 4 be able to go will have their horizons broadened and will no

doubt be taught a lot of valuable life lessons. The community Ex 4
in Africa may also benefit, in the short term, from the arrival of 1 what 2 is 3 each 4 have
enthusiastic young volunteers.
In conclusion, I feel that the true motivation behind this trip Ex 5
should be considered. I urge anybody considering going to Students’ own answers
question whether there might be more genuine, less indulgent
ways in which to help people in disadvantaged communities.
6 Technology: Risk and reward
Ex 6
Students’ own answers 6.1
5.10 Ex 1
1 Ethan
Ex 1 2 We all dispose of items too quickly and increase the demand
1 it’s / it is said to be for more production.
2 that have been abandoned by 3 Sara
3 you were offered a job 4 She plans to get a car that doesn’t use fossil fuels and to heat
4 IT businesses have been set her home using solar power.
5 I was given
6 I was being interviewed Ex 2
7 are not to / won’t be rebuilt unless Suggested answers:
8 thought to have come Energy production: raw materials, resources, renewable sources,
hydroelectric power, supply, limited
Ex 2 Environmental problems: energy crisis, endanger, carbon
1 genuine 2 debt 3 off 4 habits 5 non-essentials footprint, deforestation
6 towards Environmental solutions: alternative fuels, reuse, hydroelectric
power, renewable sources
Ex 3 Using products: consumption, supply, disposed of, reuse
1 promotional 2 leaflets 3 households 4 broke 5 refund
6 information 7 proof 8 obligation 9 recognising Ex 3
10 faulty 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 C
Ex 4 Ex 4
1 grant 2 bills 3 pilot 4 purchase 5 growth Students’ own answers
6 warranty 7 offer 8 returns
6.2
5.11
Ex 1
Ex 1 1 C global warming will get worse
1 B 2 C 3 A 2 A if you don’t travel by plane
3 D if I didn’t feel so strongly about the environment
Ex 2 4 F people wouldn’t replace them so often
1 draw 2 warm 3 stay 4 meet 5 low 6 taking 5 B they’ll endanger the local wildlife
6 E if there were better local recycling facilities
Ex 3
(the number of results will vary in time) Ex 2
1 A 23,800,000 f B 2 1 What would people do the internet disappeared?
2 A 847,000 B 28,300,000 f 2 There will be an energy crisis in the future if we don’t start
3 A 3,690 B 1,600,000 f using more alternative energy.
3 If this country was more mountainous, we’d produce more
Ex 4 hydroelectric power.
1 wide awake 2 pay attention 3 spare parts 4 take a risk 4 I’ll come on your protest if you tell me when it starts.
5 heavy traffic 6 take a glance 7 have a nap 8 go blind 5 If you take your old phone back to the shop, they’ll recycle it
for you.
Ex 5a 6 If the world’s oil resources ran out tomorrow, nobody would
pursue her dreams / brilliant time / highly qualified / start
be able to travel.
her own business / drop out of college / do a degree / huge
support / memorable day / make plans / continue studies / gain Ex 3
experience 1 as we act quickly
2 could find someone to install
5.12 3 that we use alternative fuels
4 we don’t work together
Ex 1 5 we make some big changes
Ex 4
Ex 2 A Suppose B Unless C Provided that / As long as
Students’ own answers D Provided that / As long as
1 broke 2 would you do 3 throw away 4 ends up 5 is
Ex 3 6 doesn’t have 7 would be 8 thought 9 buy 10 has to
1 joining, quitting 2 She, his
11 offers 12 invented 13 ’d be able to

6.3 Ex 6
Ex 1
1 browse 2 transfer 3 aware 4 passive 5 background 6.6
6 traces 7 privacy 8 obligatory 9 exposed 10 inactive
Ex 1
Ex 2 1 they wouldn’t have made Jack / him redundant
1 Ellie 2 Leo 3 Daniel 2 he hadn’t realised that he’d never been happy in that job
3 he hadn’t decided to look for an alternative career
Ex 3 4 a woman hadn’t recommended it
A Daniel B Ellie C Leo
5 he wouldn’t have become a web designer
Ex 4 Ex 2
1 had read the instructions, we would have been able to fly the
Ex 5 drone.
Students’ own answers 2 hadn’t been very realistic, I wouldn’t have sent them my
personal data.
Ex 6 3 have got the message if she hadn’t left her smartphone at
Students’ own answers home.
4 wouldn’t have stayed at home if it hadn’t rained.
5 have been at the meeting if you’d told me about it.
6.4
6 hadn’t been very expensive, they would have bought it.
Ex 1
Ex 3
1 If Amy hadn’t studied ICT at university, she wouldn’t be
Ex 2 working for a big tech company now.
1 got someone to show 2 If Sanjay didn’t live a long way from London, he would have
2 would he let me use gone to the exhibition.
3 made her apologise 3 If you hadn’t made the decision to leave your job, you’d be
4 helped Grandma to use working there today.
5 had a technician look 4 If I was interested in virtual reality, I would have watched the
demonstration.
Ex 3
1 if 2 let 3 let 4 make 5 Unless 6 there’d 7 get Ex 4
8 helping Suggested answers:
1 If he hadn’t been made redundant, he wouldn’t have an
Ex 4 interesting job today.
Students’ own answers 2 If his employers hadn’t automated a lot of the company’s
work, he’d be doing his old job.
Ex 5 3 If he hadn’t taken a course and passed exams, he wouldn’t be
Students’ own answers earning a good salary.
4 If he hadn’t looked for an alternative career, he’d be
Ex 6 unemployed.
Ex 5
6.5 Students’ own answers
Ex 1a Ex 6
1 smartphones 2 self-driving cars 3 virtual reality Students’ own answers
4 artificial intelligence
6.7
Ex 1b
1 virtual reality 2 self-driving cars 3 artificial intelligence Ex 1
4 smartphones 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 T
Ex 2 Ex 2
1 revolutionise 2 innovative 3 innovation(s) 4 efficiency Suggested answer:
5 alternative The atmosphere there is around 95% carbon dioxide
Ex 3 Ex 3
1 be innovative 2 increase efficiency 3 distance learning 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 A
4 alternative career 5 stay relevant 6 be made redundant
Ex 4
Ex 4 1 Mark Watney, an astronaut abandoned on Mars
1 B 2 D 3 A 4 C 2 Because it is too hot and it rains acid there.
3 Because the atmosphere doesn’t have enough oxygen.
Ex 5 4 They’ve already developed a way to produce oxygen, living
1 a fad 2 don’t have / haven’t got a clue 3 a game changer pods, and Martian vehicles.
4 take … for granted 5 It means making an ecosystem on Mars that resembles Earth.
6 They have left more than 500,000 pieces of ‘space junk’ there.

Ex 5 items were sent to recycling facilities, some were taken to charity
1 on Mars shops and some were put aside for repair. We only had to throw
2 Mark Watney, the astronaut abandoned on Mars away a very limited number of items. A lot of the stuff was sold
3 humans’ fascination with Mars later at a car boot sale, where we consequently raised over £250!
4 NASA’s An event like this proves to everyone that we shouldn’t throw
5 the idea that humans on Mars would have to produce their things away as long as they can be reused. Lots of items were
own food saved from going to landfill due to our collection day. It also
6 the ‘terraforming’ of Mars raised awareness of the problem of waste and made money, so
7 in the Earth’s orbit the event was a big success all round!
8 using a planet’s natural resources
Ex 6
6.10
6.8
Ex 1
Ex 1 1 would use, were
Students’ own answers 2 had not hunted, would not be
3 were, would buy
Ex 2 4 plant, won’t solve
1 D 2 C 3 B 4 B 5 had come, would have enjoyed
6 went, would take / go, will take
Ex 3 7 had bought, would have cost
Suggested answer: 8 don’t do, will get
It is designed to show the number of intelligent civilisations in
the universe that we could make contact with. Ex 2
1 distance 2 innovative 3 replaced 4 efficient
Ex 4 5 automatically 6 interaction 7 significant 8 redundant
1 year 2 planets 3 solar 4 system 5 life 6 intelligent
7 communications 8 space 9 lasts / exists Ex 3
1 A 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 A
Ex 5
7 22 0.01
0.1 0.1 1 10,0000 Ex 4
TOTAL = 924,000 civilisations 1 aviation 2 materials 3 representatives 4 inactive
5 obligatory 6 settings 7 hacking 8 passive
6.9
6.11
Ex 1
1 No 2 unavoidable 3 un 4 able
Ex 2
1 owing to 2 brings 3 leads to 4 produce Ex 2a
1 -ness (example) 2 -bio- 3 -ive 4 -ise 5 -ous 6 -over-
Ex 3 7 -ion 8 -ant 9 multi- 10 -ism
1 The people brought their unwanted clothes and swapped
them with each other. Ex 2b
2 It uses toxic chemicals and it can produce a lot of waste. 1 anxious (example) 2 addictive 3 criticism 4 graduation
3 It could reduce waste and it could persuade manufacturers to 5 revolutionise 6 multinational 7 Biofuels 8 triumphant
become greener.
Ex 3
Ex 4 1 renewable (example) 2 stressful 3 controversial
B D
A C 4 spacious 5 competitive 6 loneliness 7 biology
8 leadership 9 engagement 10 flexibility
Ex 5
Suggested answer: Ex 4
Repair, re-use, recycle! 1 not 2 wrongly 3 above, beyond 4 before 5 again
Last week we organised a collection of unwanted or broken 6 below 7 one, single
household items at our school. Our goal was to pass on as many
of the things as possible to people who could use, repair or Ex 5
recycle them. We also wanted to make everyone more aware of Students’ own answers
today’s negative ‘throwaway culture’.
Hundreds of things are sent to landfill these days that might be 6.12
useful to other people, or that could easily be repaired. Some
of them can even endanger the environment due to toxic Ex 1
substances. If people stopped and thought for a minute before Students’ own answers
putting something in the bin, I’m sure they’d realise that there
are lots of environmentally friendly alternatives. Ex 1
On the day of the collection, we put tables out on the sports 1 B 2 C 3 C 4 A
field where people could leave different types of items, for
example electrical gadgets, textiles and furniture. Some of the Ex 2
1 B 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 A

7 Art and protest 7.3
Ex 1
7.1 She has a blog about studying and exams. It’s different from
other vlogs of that type because she tries to be creative with
Ex 1
graphics, music and video and she doesn’t just talk to camera.
1 B 2 C 3 A 4 D
Ex 2 Ex 2
1 D 2 C 3 B
1 production 2 live-streamed 3 critic 4 masterpiece
5 contemporary Ex 3
1 Types of creative ideas: logos, slogans, catchphrases
Ex 3
2 Stealing creative ideas: piracy, theft, plagiarism, scam
1 mind 2 adaptation 3 subject 4 pieces 5 tragic
3 Borrowing creative ideas legally: licence, attribution, direct
Ex 4 quotation, paraphrase
1 wild 2 bear with 3 away 4 thing 5 up for 4 Protecting creative ideas: trademarks, copyright
Ex 5 Ex 4
1 B 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 A 1 You should get a licence or give an attribution.
2 You should use an app like GarageBand. You don’t have to get
Ex 6 a licence or give an attribution.
Suggested answer: 3 You should state clearly where you’ve taken those ideas from.
Hi Sandra, 4 You shouldn’t do it.
There’s an event on Saturday that I’d like to see. It’s a film
production with music and special effects and it’s called Ex 5
Lightworks. It’s on at a venue called the Arts Cinema and it starts Students’ own answers
at 9 p.m. Do you want to come? I’m interested in it because I love
innovative types of entertainment. 7.4
7.2 Ex 1
Ex 1
I went to see the musical Hamilton in London last week. I’ve
Ex 2
The rumour is that a girl at school is selling fake designer T-shirts.
been to lots of theatre productions in my life, but this was the
It involves something possibly illegal because it’s a form of
best I’ve ever seen. They use hip-hop music to tell the story of
piracy.
the American revolution, but even people who don’t particularly
like hip-hop will still enjoy it. Ex 3
A 4 B 1 C 3 D 2
Ex 2
1 David said that he’d just seen a terrible film. Ex 4
2 Samantha told Fiona that she’d enjoy the show if she kept an 1 f 2 f 3 are used 4 f 5 plagiarises 6 uses 7 f
open mind. 8 were
3 I told my friend that the tickets were selling fast because the
critics all loved the production. Ex 5
4 Sarah and Jake told me that they were going to see a Students’ own answers
performance of Macbeth.
5 Bella said that she couldn’t come with us / me to the concert. Ex 6
6 Joe said that he was taking his little brother to the circus. Students’ own answers
Ex 3 7.5
1 A 2 A 3 A and B 4 B 5 B
Ex 1
Ex 4 1 striking 2 controversial 3 neutral 4 vocal 5 conveyed
1 I asked Jane if she was going to Glastonbury.
6 mindless
2 Zoe asked Emily what she thought about classical music.
3 Sophie asked Ryan why he had written that bad review. Ex 2
4 Chris asked Matthew if he wanted to see Cirque de Soleil. 1 against 2 about 3 of 4 into
Ex 5 Ex 3
Suggested answer: 1 C 2 A 3 B
Cassie asked Tom if he’d ever been to an opera. He said that
he hadn’t, and that he thought he’d hate it. Cassie said that he Ex 4
should keep an open mind about it. She told him that she was Students’ own answers
going to see an open-air production of Carmen the following
weekend, and that the tickets only cost £10. She asked Tom if Ex 5
he wanted to come. He asked which language it was in and she Students’ own answers
replied that they were doing it in English. She told him that he
might enjoy it, but he wouldn’t know unless he came.

7.6 Ex 5
1 Leonardo (da Vinci) 2 2005 3 2008 4 2011
Ex 1 5 450 million 6 2018 7 materials 8 scientific
1 recommended 2 admitted 3 had never been 4 insisted 9 techniques 10 students 11 restoration
5 promised 6 would do 7 denied 8 ’d been playing
9 explained 10 ’d been working 7.9
Ex 2 Ex 1
1 to buy, to meet She’s writing to a professional writer to ask her to come and
2 to cancel, having perform at a literary festival for young people.
3 visiting, to take
4 stealing, to answer Ex 2
A introduce herself and give reason for writing
Ex 3 B outline the proposal in general terms
1 of 2 him 3 pay / give 4 that 5 to 6 knowing 7 on C give specific details about the proposal
8 blamed D explain why the reader should support the proposal
Ex 4 Ex 3
1 to come to A 7 B 4 C 3 D 1 E 6 F 8 G 5 H 2
2 on winning
3 him to apply to Ex 4a
4 that we leave exciting, electrifying, inspirational, vibrant
5 to apologise for causing
6 for being difficult to Ex 4b
7 boasting about having Students’ own answers
8 me not to touch
Ex 5
Sample answer:
7.7 Dear Mr Evans,
Ex 1 I’m writing to you on behalf of the production team for Steps
1 harsh 2 Democracy 3 undemocratic 4 dictatorship Dance School’s planned dance festival this September. We’d like
5 rulers 6 citizens 7 inhuman 8 authority 9 regime to ask you to agree to sponsor the event in some way.
This dynamic, inclusive dance festival will feature different
Ex 2 youth groups from the community, and is planned to take
1 E 2 B 3 A 4 C place in the Market Square on Saturday 7 September. We are
currently seeking around £700 in sponsorship money from local
Ex 3 businesses to enable this exciting event to be a success.
1 Kendrick Lamar 2 Benjamin Zephaniah 3 Gwenno In anticipation of your questions; we are looking for enough
4 Bob Dylan 5 Kate Tempest 6 Percy Shelley sponsorship money to purchase a striking T-shirt for each
participant, and also to cover the cost of hiring an innovative
Ex 4 sound and lighting system. Luckily, the town council have
1 But during the Romantic era, a poem was dynamite. already agreed to supply us with a stage. Our sponsors will
2 English performer and poet Kate Tempest has shaken the have their name and logo prominently displayed on all posters
worlds of literature and popular music. and T-shirts. This will have the double benefit of conveying the
3 The minority Celtic languages of the UK – Welsh, Gaelic and message that they are committed to community events, while
Cornish – are all currently riding high. also advertising their brand.
We feel sure that you will be keen to be involved with this
Ex 5 inspirational event, which will positively engage and inspire
Students’ own answers young people in our community. We encourage you to support
the festival and we look forward to hearing from you in the near
7.8 future.
Yours faithfully,
Ex 1 Leon Grant
Ex 6
Text 1: A
Text 2: B
Text 3: B
7.10
Ex 3 Ex 1
1 told me not to be
1 some poems 2 not as good as
2 when we’re picking her
3 denied the crime at first 4 buy 5 someone isn’t well
3 if Emily had seen / Emily if she’d seen
6 remember their booking reference
4 denied knowing anything about
Ex 4 5 always encouraged me to follow
Students’ own answers 6 are blaming me for
7 congratulated me on winning
8 apologised to Mary for forgetting

Ex 2 Ex 6
1 striking 2 citizens 3 mindless 4 rulers 5 inhuman Students’ own answers
6 dictatorship 7 statement 8 insight
8.2
Ex 3
1 neutral 2 democracy 3 against 4 stage 5 slogan Ex 1
6 scam 7 convey 8 provide 1 Started in 2009, this project has been a great success.
2 Hoping to make a difference, Tasha volunteered to help at the
Ex 4 food bank.
1 conceptual 2 commentators 3 theft 4 undemocratic 3 Forced to leave her country, Aleah came to the UK as an
5 catchphrase 6 attributions 7 humorous 8 licence asylum seeker in 2016.
4 Living in London at the time, it was easy for me to find a
7.11 community project to join.
Ex 1 Ex 2
B 1 Having seen a poster asking for volunteers, she decided to
apply.
Ex 2 2 Having grown up in a poor neighbourhood, I understand
1 C – perspective (example) some of the problems.
2 J – amateur 3 Having already volunteered before, we knew what to expect.
3 F – loyalty 4 Having visited the youth centre, I realise what a good service
4 A – empathy it provides.
5 H – inspire
6 G – dictatorship Ex 3
7 D – controversial 1 Knowing about the problems
8 I – plagiarism 2 Believing (that) I was
9 B – corruption 3 Impressed by the success
10 E – risk 4 Trained in basic skills
5 Having been to Cambodia
Ex 3 6 Having worked for different charities
Ex 4
Ex 4 1 B 2 D 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 A
Ex 5
7.12 1 Using 2 Lasting 3 Delivered 4 Having signed up
5 Offered 6 giving
Ex 1
1 A 8.3
Ex 2 Ex 1
1 E 2 A 3 D 1 values 2 perspectives 3 contrary 4 judgements
5 aside 6 compromise 7 engage 8 informed
Ex 3
9 prejudice 10 offensive 11 confrontation
1 D 2 A 3 C 4 B
Ex 2
Ex 4
Jade
Ex 3
8 Local and global citizenship 1 Jade 2 Dean 3 Jade 4 Adam 5 Dean 6 Adam
7 Dean 8 Adam
8.1 Ex 4
1 P 2 N 3 P 4 N 5 N 6 N 7 P 8 P / N
Ex 1
1 C 2 B 3 A Ex 5
Ex 2
1 E 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 D Ex 6
Ex 3
1 got involved in 2 asylum seekers 3 welfare 4 integrate
5 diverse 6 tolerant 7 respectful of 8 worship
8.4
9 collaborative effort 10 break down some stereotypes Ex 1
Ex 4
Students’ own answers Ex 2a
1 hear 2 perspective 3 feel 4 agree 5 look
Ex 5
1 A 2 A 3 B

Ex 2b 3 The thing (that) the earthquake victims desperately need is
Becky – the scanner at the hospital clean water. / Clean water is the thing (that) the earthquake
Jasmine – the skate park victims desperately need.
Harry – the animal shelter 4 The place where there was a big famine in the 1980s is / was
Ethiopia. / Ethiopia is / was the place where there was a big
Ex 3 famine in the 1980s.
1 I hear what you’re saying 5 The thing (that) you have to understand is that this is a global
2 That’s an interesting perspective crisis.
3 Let’s try to look at it from another angle.
4 It’s something I feel strongly about. Ex 3
5 Well, that’s your opinion, but I’m afraid I can’t agree. 1 Under no circumstances should residents leave their homes.
2 Rarely has there been a disaster of this size in the region.
Ex 4 3 No sooner had we arrived than we were given our
What makes you say that? instructions.
No way! Why is that? 4 Only once the vehicles had got through the conflict zone
were they able to distribute the aid.
Ex 5 5 At no time did the people have any access to mobile phones.
Students’ own answers 6 In no way was the use of violence justified.
8.5 Ex 4
1 do they 2 but 3 we should 4 What 5 was 6 It
Ex 1 7 did she receive 8 where 9 that they used 10 was
Students’ own answers 11 did one crisis end 12 has the charity had
13 have so many children been helped
Ex 2
1 crisis 2 armed conflict 3 negotiating 4 suffering
5 aid agencies 6 famine 7 disaster relief 8 violence
8.7
9 encounter Ex 1
1 appeal 2 excluded 3 facilities 4 unaffordable
Ex 3
5 emphasis 6 accessible 7 stability 8 impact
Problems: crisis, armed conflict, suffering, famine, violence
9 remarkable
Solutions: aid agencies, disaster relief
Other verbs: negotiating, encounter Ex 2
Ex 4
Possible answers: Ex 3
1 ekwipunku ratunkowego 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 C
2 katastrofa naturalna
3 zgromadzić informacje albo porozumieć się Ex 4
4 przenośne routery wi-fi działające na panele słoneczne bądź Suggested answers:
zestawy baterii z licznymi portami USB do ładowania baterii 1 They cannot travel and they lack basic facilities.
telefonów 2 They use social media.
5 media społecznościowe 3 Because they are worried about violence and criminal gangs.
6 praktyczne problemy 4 He turned it into a space for community sports and other
events.
Ex 5 5 People moved there after an earthquake, when the land was
Students’ own answers declared public property.
6 Roads and running water are still missing.
8.6
Ex 5
1 What I heard was that there had been a terrorist attack in the
city. 8.8
2 It was mobile phones that the aid agency distributed to the
asylum seekers. Ex 1
3 All that matters is getting food to the area. Students’ own answers
4 What they want is to live somewhere without any armed
conflict. Ex 2
5 It is famine that is causing the biggest problem in the area at 1 Libya 2 Chechnya 3 Iraq 4 Sri Lanka 5 Syria
the moment. 6 East Timor
6 One thing (that) we need to supply is a portable wifi router.
Ex 3
Ex 2 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 D
1 The person (that / who) you need to contact is the head of the
aid agency. / The head of the aid agency is the person (that / Ex 4
who) you need to contact. A 4 B 3 C – D 2 E 1
2 The place where disaster relief is urgently needed is the
capital city. / The capital city is the place where disaster relief
Ex 5
The girl in Text 1 and the woman in Text 4.
is urgently needed.

Ex 5 Ex 3
1 a bit last 2 got to bring 3 you want to, you can 1 diversity 2 respectful 3 encounter 4 refugees
4 starting to 5 don’t know if 5 appeal 6 contrary 7 collaborative 8 informed
9 challenge 10 excluded
8.9
Ex 4
Ex 1 1 offensive 2 negotiations 3 official 4 judgement
The writer’s alternative proposal is to invest money in the city’s 5 accessible 6 suffering 7 stability 8 armed
railway system.
Ex 5
Ex 2 1 established 2 facilities 3 aid 4 impact 5 excluded
A 4 B 1 C 2 D 3  6 crisis 7 restricted 8 conflict 9 emphasis 10 famine
Ex 3 8.11
Background
At no time in history …  Ex 1
Never in the history of our city D
Reaction
On hearing of the decision, … Ex 2
Wanting to do something practical to help, … 1 a positive state of mind
Problems 2 detailed commentary on the current situation
One aspect we can’t ignore is the impact it will have on … 3 strong support for this project
we can’t deny … 4 a warning about the possible dangers of painkillers
The simple truth is that … 5 the most affordable way to travel to China
The main problem is that … 6 a growing impact on the choice of
Solutions
We cannot hope to solve this problem without … Ex 3
What we need to do is …    1 analysis of the academic success (example)
It’s an integrated and improved public transport system that’s 2 frequent criticism of unpopular theories
needed, not … 3 increasing popularity of such initiatives
4 dramatic increase
Ex 4 5 recent development
Sample answer: 6 production of innovative packaging products
Never before has there been so much attention paid to the
issue of gender inequality. On hearing of the proposal to stage Ex 4
a strike at school to protest about the global lack of educational Students’ own answers, for example:
opportunities for girls, my first reaction was to rush to join the negative consequences for sea life.
strike. However, while agreeing with the desire to highlight this the destruction of animals’ natural habitats.
inequality in the world, I cannot agree with the idea of a strike. the potential extinction of certain species.
Nobody can deny that every girl in the world deserves an the pollution of the oceans.
education as much as every boy, and that in some countries girls
are discouraged, or even banned, from attending school. This is 8.12
something that should not be tolerated in this day and age. A
school strike would certainly raise awareness of the issue, but Ex 1
the simple truth is that the action would do nothing to engage 1 if he learns 2 if he had learned
with the people in need.
Ex 2
Deprived of half of its pupils, the school would probably have
1 having been on the metro 2 has only just been completed
to close for the day. All that would happen is that lessons would
3 it was John who won 4 only can he cook
be disrupted and everyone would be inconvenienced. Also, one
aspect that we can’t ignore is that refusing to go to school is a Ex 3
nonsensical way to fight for the right to universal education! Students’ own answers
What we need to do instead is to get involved with charities
such as ActionAid that work directly to challenge prejudices Ex 4
in the relevant countries. A fundraising event for one of those 1 A 2 B 3 C
charities would be a much better proposal and would have a
useful, practical effect on girls wishing to access education. Ex 5
1 In 2 at 3 on 4 in 5 talking 6 sitting 7 It
Ex 5
8.10
Ex 7
1 Founded 2 knowing 3 excited 4 Being 5 ringing
6 standing
Ex 2
1 has there been 2 should you leave 3 It’s education
4 What 5 All I want 6 The thing

Vocabulary booster Ex 4
1 bad 2 good 3 good 4 bad 5 good 6 bad
1.1 Ex 5
Ex 1
1 C 2 G 3 H 4 I 5 J 6 A 7 F 8 E 9 B 10 D
2.5
Ex 2
Positive: cheer you up, a remarkable story, memorable day, over Ex 1
the moon 1 constantly 2 mental health 3 internal monologue
Negative: a ridiculous idea, driving me crazy, feeling down, gets 4 burnout 5 wellbeing 6 problems 7 addiction
on my nerves 8 depression 9 regrets 10 mental … list 11 anxiety
Can be positive or negative: unexpected twist, hooked on
Ex 2
(cycling)
1 P 2 P 3 N 4 P 5 T 6 N
Ex 3
Ex 3
1 ious 2 ive 3 ed 4 ed 5 ion 6 ing
Ex 4
Ex 4
Positive: charmed, reassured, serene, thrilled, upbeat
Ex 5 Negative: alarmed, exasperated, furious, gloomy, stunned
1 genius 2 born 3 class 4 natural 5 gifted
Ex 5
Ex 6 1 upbeat 2 exasperated 3 charmed 4 furious 5 serene
1 Her songs are in a class of their own. 6 thrilled 7 alarmed 8 stunned 9 gloomy 10 reassured
2 You were born to be a writer.
Ex 6
3 Ella is a natural at playing the piano.
4 Shakespeare was a literary genius.
5 He’s a very gifted artist.
3.1
Ex 7
1 D 2 K 3 I 4 E 5 J 6 A 7 F 8 B 9 H 10 G 11 C
1.5 Ex 2
1 inspire, have a positive impact, show leadership, fight
Ex 1
injustice, be a good influence, make people aware, co-operate
1 aggressive 2 distracted 3 sensitive 4 wise
2 trailblazer, mentor
5 passionate
3 look up to, admire
Ex 2
Ex 3
1 sensitive 2 distracted 3 mature 4 overwhelmed
5 passionate 6 wise 7 absorbed 8 single-minded S
1
9 aggressive C
A
Ex 3
R
2
E N O W N E D
1 A 2 B 3 B 4 A
D
Ex 4 A
1 gone 2 through 3 get 4 kick 5 with 6 into 7 go 3
D L
8 into 9 went 10 gone H
4
I G H P R O F I L E
S U
Ex 5
R S
go too far, go through the motions, go overboard, go off
something E
5
P R O M I N E N T
Ex 6 U
Students’ own answers T I 6
A E
7
M N I E N T
2.1 B F
8
L E G E 9
N D A R Y
Ex 1 E O M
1 down, over 2 alone 3 in 4 off 5 to 6 out, up
T O
Ex 2 O U
1 B 2 A 3 B 4 C R S
I
Ex 3 O
1 F 2 C 3 G 4 B 5 D 6 E 7 A 8 G U
S

Ex 4 Ex 5
5 Look before you leap
Ex 5
Students’ own answers 5.1
3.5 Ex 1
1 H 2 E 3 I 4 G 5 B 6 C 7 A 8 F 9 D
Ex 1
1 aspiring 2 sponsorship 3 inequality 4 corruption Ex 2
5 unfair 1 taking risks 2 competitive 3 established
4 flexible, approach 5 emigrated, prospects 6 on offer
Ex 2
1 amateur players 2 having their pay cut Ex 3
3 Doping problems 4 the ordinary spectator 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 A 7 C 8 D 9 C 10 A
5 banned substances
Ex 4
Ex 3 1 minimum wage
1 by 2 establish 3 unwritten 4 enforce 5 golden 2 working hours, shift work, flexi-time, overtime
6 bend 7 ground 8 arbitrary 3 annual leave, maternity leave
4 anti-discrimination policy
Ex 4 5 freelancer
1 establish 2 golden 3 abide 4 unwritten 5 bend 6 flexible
6 ground
Ex 5
Ex 6 5.5
1 out 2 off 3 getting 4 take 5 of 6 making 7 put
4.1
Ex 2
1 tenant 2 landlord 3 references 4 affordable
5 lifestyle choice 6 occupy 7 abandoned 8 office block Ex 3
9 facilities 10 restored 11 obligation 12 guarantees Students’ own answers
Ex 2 Ex 4
1 terms and conditions 2 mortgage 3 deposit ?
4 first time buyer 5 relationship status 6 household income 1 F I X E D
7 monthly outgoings 2 L I V I N G
3 I N D E X
Ex 3 4 R A T E
1 first time buyers 2 mortgage 3 household income 5 I N D I C A T O R
4 deposit 5 terms and conditions 6 monthly outgoings 6 C U R R E N C Y
7 relationship status 7 E X C H A N G E
8 T R A N S A C T I O N
Ex 4 Shaded word: FINANCES
Ex 5
Ex 1 6.1
1 B 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 D 6 A 7 B
Ex 1
Ex 2 1 fuel 2 Raw 3 footprint 4 Hydroelectric 5 renewable
1 B 2 A 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 crisis 7 resources
Ex 3 Ex 2
Nouns: acceptance, admission, documentation, halls of Adjectives: renewable, raw, hydroelectric, alternative, limited
residence, intake, supervisor Nouns: footprint, crisis, fuel, resources, materials, carbon, power,
Verb: exaggerate sources, energy
Adjective: prestigious
Ex 4
1 halls of residence 2 intake 3 documentation
4 prestigious 5 Admission 6 exaggerate 7 acceptance
8 supervisor

Ex 3 Ex 6
Possible answers: Sample answer:
1 renewable energy, renewable fuel, renewable resources, This looks like a contemporary dance production. I think it’s
renewable power probably a conceptual piece because it doesn’t look as if it’s
2 raw resources, raw power, raw energy telling a traditional story. The subject matter isn’t very clear,
3 hydroelectric energy but I’m keeping an open mind. It looks quite sophisticated and
4 alternative resources, alternative materials, alternative power, interesting.
alternative sources, alternative energy
5 limited fuel, limited materials, limited power, limited energy 7.5
Ex 4 Ex 1
1 endangered 2 deforestation 3 dispose 4 re-use 1 controversial 2 striking 3 vocal 4 statement 5 insight
5 consumption 6 supply
Ex 2
Ex 5 1 A 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 D
1 single-use 2 biodegradable 3 carbon neutral
4 sustainable 5 compostable 6 low-impact Ex 3
1 figurative 2 depicted 3 abstract 4 symbolic
Ex 6 5 interpret 6 metaphors 7 clichés
Ex 4
Ex 1 Ex 5
1 Artificial intelligence 2 significant innovations Students’ own answers
3 replacing workers 4 increase efficiency
5 be made redundant 6 alternative careers 7 be innovative 8.1
Ex 2 Ex 1
1 revolutionise transport 2 automatic updates 1 collaborative 2 diverse 3 involved 4 tolerant
3 distance learning 4 virtual reality 5 stay relevant 5 respectful
Ex 3 Ex 2
1 E 2 D 3 G 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 F 1 asylum seekers 2 integrated 3 welfare 4 worship
5 break 6 stereotypes
Ex 4
1 B 2 A 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 A 7 A Ex 3
1 D 2 F 3 B 4 B 5 C 6 E 7 A
Ex 5
Suggested answers:
7.1 1 single-parent families, young parents, economic migrants,
asylum seekers, job-seekers, long-term unemployed
Ex 1 2 economic migrants, asylum seekers, job-seekers, long-term
1 theatre production 2 critics 3 conceptual pieces unemployed
4 stage adaptation 5 live-streamed 6 contemporary
7 masterpiece 8 keep an open mind 9 tragic Ex 5
10 subject matter Students’ own answers
Ex 2 8.5
Types of performance: theatre production, conceptual pieces,
stage adaptation Ex 1
Adjectives: contemporary, tragic 1 aid 2 suffering 3 relief 4 crisis 5 famine 6 armed
People: critics 7 negotiate 8 encounter 9 violence
Verbs: live-streamed, keep an open mind
Other nouns: masterpiece, subject matter Ex 2
Nouns: disaster, aid, suffering, relief, crisis, famine, hunger, army,
Ex 3 violence
Students’ own answers Verbs: suffer, relieve, negotiate, navigate, count, encounter
Adjectives: critical, armed, violent
Ex 4
1 P 2 N 3 P 4 P 5 N 6 N 7 P 8 N 9 P 10 N Ex 3
1 We need to do more to help the unemployed.
Ex 5 2 It’s a stereotype that the English drink a lot of tea.
1 profound, superficial 3 The rich are protected from some of life’s problems.
2 obvious, simplistic, sophisticated, subtle 4 I volunteer at a shelter for the homeless.
3 moving, poetic, prosaic, flat 5 This isn’t a job for the lazy!
6 I enjoy working with the elderly.

Ex 4
1 North, Organisation 2 Nations, General 3 International
4 European, Association 5 International, Committee
Ex 5
A 3 B 4 C 1 D 5 E 2
Ex 6
Ex 7

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Workbook 4 answer key

INTRODUCTION 0.3 Standing out

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