-1

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

-2

,
, .
.
,
, - .
, .

1 . .
2.
.
A3.
, .
4. .

' ,

.
'.
.
.
,
.
.

.

.
,
.
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

-3

.
, , (
) ,
, :
,
:
=

,
:
<

>

.
,
AM = MB.

,
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

-4

,
.

. KM

:
= (1)
(1)
=

KM (2)

> ,
, :
()
= KM =
( ,
KM < ).

:
=-=-

.
.
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

-5

, :
()=

()

To (AB) .
, ,
,
() = .

. ( 0).
, , =
, ,
= 1. +

8
,
7

8
1
= 1 + :
7
7

1
.
7

8
= 1,14
7

.

.

-
1) ,,, ,
.
:
i)= ii)KM=

i) , , :
= ,=

= - =
ii) =+=+=

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

-6

1. , (
) .
2. ,
=.
3. ,
:
) . .
) .
) .
4. . .
.

2) ,, .
,

1
( + )
2

+ +
=
2
2
+ 2 + + + +
=
=
2
2
+ + +
+
=
2
2
2

+ + =

3) 10
=

3
,
2

= = 10 =

:
3
= (10 ) .... = 6 . =6 =4
2

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

-7

4)

5
.
7
,
5
7
= +
12
12
=

5
,
7

.
=- =-, :
5
5
( ) = ( )
7
7
7 7 = 5 5 7 + 5 = 5 + 7

12 = 5 + 7 =

5
7
+
12
12

4) .
, ,

+
2

i) To O

=
+
+
=
2
2
2
2
+ +
+
=
+
=
2
2
2
2
2

= + = +

ii) To O A

=
+
+
=
2
2
2
2
+ +
+
=
+
=
2
2
2
2
2

= + = +

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

-8

5) ,,
:

2 + 2 = 2 2 + 22

= , =y ==+y

:
2 + 2 = ( + + y ) 2 + y 2 = (2 + y ) 2 + y 2 =

4 x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 + y 2 = 4 x 2 + 4 xy + 2 y 2 (1)

2 2 + 2 2 = 2 x 2 + 2( x + y ) 2 = 2 x 2 + 2( x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 ) =
2 x 2 + 2 x 2 + 4 xy + 2 y 2 = 4 x 2 + 4 xy + 2 y 2 (2)
(1) ,(2) .

=

:

6) :

, * .

= = (1)

+=

+ = (2)
+=
+ = (3)
(2) (3) :
+ + + = +
(1)

+ = +
( + ) =

=
+

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

-9

7) ,, ,
= = >0. :

= + (1 )

( )
< < 1 1 > 0
( )
= = =

()= () =

( ) =
+ = (1 0 +

8) , , P
, . :

P + ON + OM = OA + OB + O

P + ON + OM = (OA + AP) + (OB + BM ) + (OA + AN ) =

AB
B

(OA +
) + (OB +
) + (OA +
)=
2
2
2
AB B
OA + OB + OA +
+
+
=
2
2
2
+
OA + OB +
+ OA =
2
OA + OB + ( + ) = OA + OB +

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 10

1) ,
, : =

5
.
2

2)

) ) )

3) .
5;
4) ,
= 3 +

1
3
+ .
10
10

5) , = = <.
;
6) ;

7) =8 =20 . ,
.

8) ;
9)
;

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 11

8)

;
10)

=+6,=

=2-4.

, .

1. , :
i) , =
ii) , =

+
2

2. ,,. ,
, :
=

3. ,, ()=7, ()=11, ()=4,

,, ;
4. ,. ,,
, , , ,
.
5.

=2.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 12

6. 8 cm .

1
= ,
3

.
7. ,
, , .

++=++
8.
. :

+ =

+ 2 +
2

9. , ,
.
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 13

x, Oy
. x, Oy

.

xoy .( O )

xoy . 1 x
Oy .
2 yy Oy x.
1 2 x,
Oy

xoy .

xoy .

.(1 )
x, Oy
. (2 )

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 14

()
.
.
,

.

,
.

xoy
,
:

xo = oy ( 4 )

xoy ,
.( 4)
.( 5) ,
. .( 6)

6
4

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 15

,
:

( 6)

.( 7,8 )
( )
. ,
.

.
( 9)

.

,
. ( 10)
,
, . ( 11)

10

11

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 16

xoy + yoz = xoz

xoz yox = yoz

xoy z
xoy

z = xoy xoy =

z =

xoy z

z =

xy

xoy
xoy =

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 17

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 18

O ,

O = O O =

O
O
O =
2
2

, :
-

- O + O + O = 90
O
.

( , ) ,
O
.

(180 ) .
,
+y+=180 ( 2 )

y ,
+y=90 ( 1 )

y
+y+=180 ( 2 )

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 19

1) 5/6 .
.

=5/6.90 =75 .
: 90 75 =15 . 180 75 =105 .

2)
. .

. :

1
x = (90 0 x) + (180 0 x)
2
2 x = 180 0 2 x + 180 0 x
360 0
x=
x=72o
5

1
2 x = 2(90 0 x) + 2 (180 0 x)
2
2 x + 2 x + x = 180 0 + 180 0

5 x = 360 0

3)
, ,, .
.
()=

1
( ) + 900
2

( )=( )+( )+( )

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 20

1
1
1
1
( AO) + () + () + () =
2
2
2
2
1
1
() = () + [( ) + () + ()] =
2
2
1
1
() = () + ( ) =
2
2
1
() = () + 900
2

1
2

( EOZ ) =

()= ( ) )

1
() = () )
2

4) ,, ,
60 5/6 .
, .
. ) .
) .
)

( )=90

( )=60

5
6

( )= 90 0 = 75 0

) :
( )+( )=

1
( AOB ) + ( BO) + () =
2

1
2

= 90 0 + 60 + 75 0 = 45 +60 +75 =180

.
) ,

.
: ( )+( )=180
( )=180 +( )
( )=180 -

1
( AOB )
2

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 21

1
2

( )=180 - 90 0
( )=180 45
( )= 135

1
1 1
1
() =
( ()) = 60 0 = 15
2
2 2
4
: ( )=( )+( )=15 +75 =90

) ( )=

.
5) ,
,
, .

BOB ' .
BOB ' AOA ' , ,
.
:
AOB = A ' OB '

BOB ' = BOA ' + A ' OB '

BOA ' + AOB =

AOB + BOA ' = AOA '

6) OB O .
O O , O =

O = O O =

O O

=
2
2

O O O 1
=
=
2
2
2

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 22

7) OB O .
) OB = O .
) O O .
)
O O .

. :

O + O = O = 900 (1)
O + O = O = 900 (2)
(1) (2)

O + O = O + O O = O (3)
. :

O + O = (O O) + ( O + O ) =
(3)

(900 O) + (900 + O) = 1800 O + O = 1800

O O .

. :

O = O 2 = 2 = (4)
(4)

O + O = 900 2 + = 900 + + = 900

+ + = 900 + ( + ) = 900 O + O = 900

O = 900

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 23

1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4)

2
,
3

.
5) .
.

6) ;
7) ;
8) ;
9) ,
;

10) , , ,
. ;

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 24

1) , .
) .
) :
i) = = ii) =

2))

1
9

.
)

1
3

.
3) , , :

1
( + ) .
2

4)
;
5) ,
.
6) , , = .
.
7) ,
.
.

5
7

8) = OA
.
=

7
5
xO + .
12
12

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 25

9)
, ,
. .

..


,
,
,

.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 26

,

.

- <
.
- >
.
-
.
- ..
-
.
()
.
.

- .
- .
, ,
.
.
.

:
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 27

= .

- :
.
.
.


.

- , .
, < , B
<.
-
.

.
: = =


. .
:
< <

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 28

< <
:
.
, :

- , 4
( ).
.

- :
.
, = .
:
: .

.

-
.
- ,
( )
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 29

:
( )
( ).
( )
.

1
,
360 0

10.

.
, ().
, , =30 , ()=30 ()=30.
()=().
360 90 180 .
,
90 ,180 360 , 90 ,
180 360 .

. 0 0.
- .
.

.
.


.

.
,
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 30

, :
( )
( )
.
.
.
.
- ( )
,
( ) .

..

. ,
,

,

. . - (James
Abram Garfield, 1831-1881) ,
.
1876 ,
,
.
1 New England
Journal of Education.( !!!!!)

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 31

-
1) . :
i) ,
ii)
iii) .

i) , ,

= 1800
ii) , ,

= 900
iii) :

= (1800 ) (900 ) = 1800 900 + = 900 .

2) AB AB < . ,,
AB , , ,
.

, = .
, = .
= + , = + = ,
= .
: = A B
2

= =

=
=
2
2
2
2

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 32

3) , AB , ,
.

,
1
= ( AB + )
2

.
:

1

2
1
= =
2
:
= =

1
1
1
= = ( + ) = + =
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
= + ( ) = + =
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
= + ( ) = + = ( + )
2
2
2
2
2

4) ,, ,

AB, B, 1,2,4 5.
i)
ii) .
iii) N , .
iv) .

i) AB, B, , 1,2,4,5

AB B
=
=
=
=
1
2
4
5
=

AB + B + + 3600
=
= 300
1+ 2 + 4 + 5
12

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 33

AB
= 300 AB = 300 ,
1

= 300 = 600 ,
= 300 = 1200 ,
= 300 = 1500
2
4
5

ii)

= + = 300 + 600 = 900

= = 300 = = 600
iii) = + = 600 + 1200 = 1800 .. .
iv) , ,
. ( 900 ).

1) 170 .
.
2)

11

.
3) (,) = 820 , = 980 = 300 .
, .
4)
.
5)
, .
.

6) = 1000 ,

2 = 3 .

, .
7) = 1000

= 1200 . .
8) , , ,
2,3,5 6 .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 34

9) , , 2,4 6
.
i) .
ii)
.
10) , ,
:
i) + = 900 , ,
.
ii) + = 1800 , .

11) AB = 600 :
) B .
) AB B
.

12) ,, :
) + = +
) =

+
2

13) .
, .
, = 450

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 35

. :
, ,
, ,
, ,
.

T ,
, .
( )
, .

.
( )
.
.

.

.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 36

.

.

,
, .

.

.
, ,
.

, , , ( ),

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 37

.
:
.
.
.

:
.
.
.

.




.

,

,


.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 38

1 (--).
( - - - - ).


.
,
= , = =
.

:
=
( )

=
=
( )
1 ( - - ) :
1
, .

2: .

,
= , = .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 39

3
.

, = = 2
( ),
= 1 .

4 .

, = = , = = .

,
,
= MB.

.
6 :

, = , = .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 40

2 (--).
( - - , - - ).

,
.

=.
=, =
.

3 (--).
( - - , - ).

, .

:
=, =, =.

1 : .

, =,
=

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 41

2

.

, (=)
, ,

1 = 2 .

1
.

, , = ,
, =,
,
.

2

.

= ,
, =

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 42

(=)

4

.

xoy

=.
( ) y
=
xoy .

5
.

= ,
(),

=

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 43

1

.

(=)
,
.

2

.
.

.
:
( ) .
,
.
T
. .
,
. ' ,
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 44

1)N
.

: ( = )
, . =.
T ,
, . T
(= = 90),
( = ) .
,
=.

:
.
) , ) . ,
;
2) ,
, .
, . N .

:
, .
T
i) ==.
ii) BE = = , .

1 ,
iii) 1 = 1 =

.
, ,
, ,
= =
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 45

3) '' ' =', = ' = '

.

T '' ,
= /, = ''
1 = 1 ' ( ').

=
' .
,
'' '
= /,

= ' , = ' .(--)

4) N AM.

.
.
T ,
I) = , .
ii) 1 = 2 .
=.

5) , (0,R),
.

. ,
= , = .

= .

. .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 46

6)

= ,
, .
.
T , :
i) =, .
ii) =, .

, .
iii) =
=
.

7) =

. =
=

. T , :
= ,

( = ).
=
= (1).
. :
= ,
= , (1)
.
T ,

8)
(=) ,

= .

,
,=.
( =, 1

= 2 --)

=.
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 47

9) =
. = =, .

= =.

= .
= .

= =
,
, :
=,=

=,= =
= = .
,
.

10) ,
.
i)= ii)

i) .
, =.
=.
. =.
= , (
).
-=- =.
ii)

= .

. = = ,

.

.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 48

11) , ,

. = .

, =
.:

=
1 = 2 = .
, .
=. ,
, =

1 , 2 .
=.

12)
= = .
.

, .

=.
,
, =.
=.

13) =2 . ,
(, )
. N : = .

= = (, )
(, ) .

= .
()

.
= .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 49

1) ; ;
2) ;
3) ,,

4)
;
5)
.
.

6)
;
7) ;
8) . :
)=
) .
9)

10)
:
) = ;
) = ;
) == ;
) ;
) = =
;
) = 125

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 50

1) = ' ' .
= =.
2)
,. = =
3) .
4) =,=', = ' .
5) .
6)
, .
7)
=. .
8) , ,
= =. = .
9) ,=
=. .

10) (=) ,
.
:
i)
ii)
11) , = , = = ,
:
)
.
) .
)=.
) ,
) .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 51

=.
12) , =
.
13) .
.
14)
, .
.

.
15)
.
16) = ==. :
) B =
)=

17) .
) .
) ,
,, .

18) =

B = = .
:
)= ) =
)
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 52

19) . (

) = .
.

=2.
20) = 2
)
.
)
( : )
21) .

= .

1959, Royaumont
...,
Jean Dieudonne(1906-1992), Bourbaki
,
,
!.
Dieudonne
1792 , A.M. Legendre,
,

.
, , , , . , 45 ,
, , , ,
, .
. Douglas Quadling : ,

,

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 53

i)
,
(,).

ii)
, .

iii) ,
, .

,
:
)
.
) , .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 54

1)
.

:
= (1)
= (2)
(1)
, (2)


.

2) (=)
.

. =
.

. =.


1)
;
2)
.
3) (,) . ,
.
4) ,
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 55

= :

>
>
:

.
:
2
,
,

, .

:
3
,

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 56

:

<
<
< <

:

) .
)
.

:
4

.

<
:

-<<+

- < < +

( )
.

< < +

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 57

5
,

6

.

, :
.
.
.
,
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 58

< .

.
7


.

:
- = , =
- =, =

8


.

- < <
- < <

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 59

1) (=90 )

<.

,
.

,
. = (1)

(=90 ).

> (2)
(1) (2)
< >

:

= = ,

> >
> >

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 60

2) >.
1 > 2 .

1 , 2 .
= ( ) >.
.

1 > 2

3) :
) +<+ , >
) <++<2
( =

+ +
2

) ,
, .

+<+ (1) <+ (2).
(1) (2) :
+<++,
+<+.
> 1 >
) ,, :
<+ ,<+ , <+
:
+ + <+ ++ ++
+ + <2+2 +2
+ + <2(+ + )

+ +
<+ +
2
<+ +

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 61

) :
+<+
+<+ ( )
+<+
++ ++ + <+ ++ + +
2(++ ) <2(+ +)
++ <2

,,
:
+ + +
.
( )
4) ,.

.
.

+ , + , + ,
+ , + (1)

:

+ + + + +


(1) . .
:
<+++++

5) <
) > )

< <

+
2

) + + < 2

) = , > :
= ,+, 1 > 2 . 1 > =. > > > 2
1 > 2 .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 62

)
-<<+
-<2 <+
) <

< <

+
2

2
+
+
<
, <

2
2
+ + +
+ + <
+
+
2
2
2
+ + + + +
+ + <
2
2 ( + + )
+ + <
2
+ + < 2

+

+ .

,
.

:
.
:

+
( )
+


.

.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 63

1)N =
.
2) <, .
N <.
3) ) N
.
) :
i) <

+
2

ii) + + < 2

4) :
i) >

+
2

ii) + + >

5)'
+ > + .
6)i A
. . N < .
7) .
N < .
8) = 2 <.
9) >

.
, > +

<

2
2
= , = .
10) =
, > .
11). = >
12.) < AM, < 90
>90.
13).
, . N <.
14) ,

< .
<
15 ) , ,
. N

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 64

< + + <3, .
16) . N
, .
(N , ,
).

. .
, ;,
Albert Einstein,
,
. ,
, Einstein :
12 , :
. ,
, - ,
. . ,
. , ,
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 65

.
,
= , = ,

> >
.

.
(. ) =
,
=

=

. .
:

.
.

.
(, ) =
, :
< <
.

(, ) .
.

.
.
:
.
, ,

=
:
(, ), :

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 66

) ,
) .
, = = ,
., OB , ,
, = . = = .

1) (, R) .
,
. :
) = +
) - = -

2) ,
.
) ,
.
) = + .

3) = AM=,
.

4) (, ) . = ,
=

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 67

5) .
.
.
:
) ,
) = ,
) + .

6) = MB. :

) A MO = O MB
) =

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 68

d.

= d
.

(, R1) (2, R2) R1 > R2

:
.

d>R1+R2

d<R1-R2

d=0 ( )

.
, .

d>R1-R2 ( )

d>R1+R2( )

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 69

,
.
.
.
.

.
1 = 1
2=2, 12, ,
.


.


.

.
, :

) .

. (
),
.

) .
, .
) .
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 70

) .
, .

) .
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 71

1) . ,
, ,
.
2) ( = .

3) (1, 1) (2,2) ,
12 . (1, 1),
(2, 2)

4) (K1) (K2) 3 1
.

5)
.
. =. = .

6) (, R) (. ) .
. ,
:
) , . ; ,
) < 2.
7) (, ) (, R) < R .
KB (, R), (, )
, ) = .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 72

) (, R) .
(, R) KB , :
i) ,
ii) = , iii) = .
) < R > R.
8) (, ) (, ) =.
, ,
.
9) (, ) (, R).
. (, ).
(, R).
10) (, )
(, ),
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 73

.
, //.

:
) ,
) ,
) , .

1 2 ,
:
) , ,
1 2 .
) , , .
)
.
)
.

:
) .
) .
) , ..

;
:

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 74

1
) ,
, .
)
, .
2 : .

:
1 2

.
= ( = ), 1 // 2 ()
= ( = ), 1 // 2 ( 1)

+ = 1800 , 1 // 2 ( 2 )

1 2 , 1 // 2 ( 2 )

:

.

: 1 // 2 1 2 ,

:
) , = =
) , ,

= =
) ,

+ = 1800 .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 75

1 // // 2 , 1 // 2 .

1 // 2 1 ,
2 .
1 , 2 .

1 2
180,
.

.
, 1 + 1 < 1800 , 1 2 .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 76

1 :
, .
2 :
, .
(
)

Bx '// Ax

Bx '// Ax

By ' Ay

By ' Ay

y ' y

y ' y

x ' x

x ' x

,
:
) ,
) ,
) () ,
) ,
) ,
)
) ,
) ,
)

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 77

().
.

.
.

. .

.

.
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 78

:
.

= 1800 A + B +
= 2
A+ B+
:

1:
.
:

= = +

1800 > +
(1) .
3 :
4 : 60

- :
- 2 -4
=6 , ,

2.6-4= 8 720

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 79

- :
-
4 360

900 +

= 900 +
2

.
2

= 900

900 .

= 1800 (1)
+ +

+ + = 900 (2)
2 2 2

+
+ = 900 (3), = 900 = 900
(4)
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
(1) ,(2) (3) (4)
. (2) (4)
.
. :

, = +
,
= +
= +
, :

+ = 3600 , + + + = 1800 (5)

++
2 2 2 2
(5) :

+
++

+ = 1800
, = 1800
2 2
2
2
2

::

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

= 1800 +
= 900 , = 900
,
= 900 .
900 + +

- 80

-
1) //.

= +

//. // , //

=
=

= ( ) (1)

(2)

(1) (2) :

+ = + + = .
2) 1 2 1 // 2

= 5 x + 200 , = 2 x 200

, ( = , + = 180 ) .

+ = 1800 5 + 200 + 2 200 = 1800

7 = 1800 = 250
= 5 250 + 200 = 1450 = 2 250 200 = 35 .

= = = = 1450 , = = = = 35 .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 81

3)

= 1200
= 1200
= 1300 ,
//

// , . :

= 600 x = 600
y = 1100 600 = 500 . y A

A + y = 1300 + 500 = 1800
//.
// // //.

4)
OB
.
//

1 = 1 . 1 = 2 . // ,
1 = 1 ( )
1 = 2 ( )
(1) 1 = 1 .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 82

5) ,

.
,

.
=.

= = = .
, :
= (1)

= = .
,
,
= (2)
(1) (2) = .
6) . = 140 =60.
.

=180 140 = 40 , =60

=180 40 60 =80 .

, :

1 =

B
1 = =40 .
=30
2
2

=180 1- 1=180 30 40 =110 .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 83

7)

. .

1 = 2 (1)
,(//)

1 = 1 (2)( )
2 = (3)( )
(1) ,(2) , (3) : = 1
.

8) ,
=.
.

.
(=)
= 1 (1)

( )
// . :

= 2 (2)( ).
(1) (2) 1 = 2
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 84

9) = = 100.
, ==.
.

= 1800 , A =100 B =

: A + B +

1000+2 B =180 2 B =80 B =40

=40 .

,
= . 1 = .

B + 1 + =180

40 +2 1 =180

2 1 =140 1 =70 .
,
(==) 1 =70 .

B =40 , 2 =180 1=180 70 =110

=180 40 110 =30 .

10)) 1080;
) 9 ;
:
) - (-2)180
(-2)180 = 1080 -2 =

1080
-2 = 6 =8.
180

1080.
) 9 9-90 = 810,
(-2) 180 = 8 10 -2 =

810
180

-2 = 4,5 =6,5 .

9 .
: -
,
(-2)180 = (-2)2 2(-2) .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 85

11)) 1 2.
.
) ,
.

) By
.
, 2 =2

= .
By, ,

. Ax//By.

) . 2 +2 = 180 ,

+ = 90 .
90 = 90.
.

12) > .
: ) -=- .
) =+18 , .

)
:
= +

=+
-=(+)-(+)=-
) =+ , -=18
- =18 (1)
+=180 (2). (1) (2) :2=198 ,
=99 . (2) 99 +=180 =180 99 =81 .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 86

13) ,

.
= .

( ) = 1 (1)

(2)( ). (1) , (2) 1 =

(3)
=
( )
1 =
//.
//
,
.

14) (=90 ) .

= .
=

1 =
,
. = 1 .

2 , .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 87

.
15) = 2
=. .
:
i)To .
ii) .

i) , =.
:

= =

= = , = 2 ,
.

= 2 ,
= 2
= . .

ii) (i) = .

, .

= .
, = .
= = =,
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 88

1)
.
2) ;
3)
;

4) x = , y =
//.

5) 1 // 2 .

6) :

) A = 2 B = 3

) A = B +
.
7) , :
) x = y .
) BH .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 89

8) == x .

9) y .

10)

11) , //

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 90

12) .
.

13)
+y++++=360

14) :
) ) )

1) 1 1 .
.
2) (=) .
.
=
3) , ,y z
. z = y
4)
20 .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 91

5) . //
// :
++=

6) //
+y-=180

8) .


=+
9) .

A =

10) //
.
=

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 92

11) 1 // 2 +y= 90

12)
.

// ,=8 =6 , .

13) .

. :
)
) =+

14) =90
) =30 =60 , ,y, .
) = , =30 =2y ,,,y .
) =y =45 ,,,y .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 93

15) ,,.

16) = 2 = 2
.

17) = 900
, :
)
)

= 300

18) = 2

) = 2
) =

19) (=).
.
=
20)
=y
) i)
ii) y
) //.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 94

. ,
21) =
.

22) = = 200 ,
= 600 =.
,
23) = 3
=.

)
) =.
24) .
= 300 = 750 .

25) ,
.
26)

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 95

27) = = x =

.
3

28) :
= = 900 ,= = .

.

29) .
.
//.

30) = 900 ,
. .
31) =. x A ,
.
x = = 450

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 96

32) ( = 900 )
. ()
=.
.
:
) ()
.
(.. 2000)

33) . =,
= = //.

34) 2,3,4
.
35) = ,
= 2 .
=.

36) = 60 .
:
) =
)+=

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 97

37) .
= +

2

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 98

.

// //
T ,
, :

,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
, .

, = =
, = =
, = =

:
1

('
).

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 99

2
T
.
,

1 // 2 ////,
= =

:
= = , .
= = ,
.
= // = //,
.
= = ,

1) <90, >.

,
,
. <90, >90.
= , = >
( ).
> .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 100

2)N
.

:

.

:

1 + 1 =

+ 1800
+ =
=
= 900
2 2
2
2

=90.
. .

3)

.

) :

=
=

= = 120

, ,
,
,

+ = 1800

= 1800

= 180 - 120 = 60 =

) :

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 101

= =
, ,
3 + = 180 4 = 180 = 45
:

= =45
= 180,
= 180 - 45 = 135,
+
=135.
=

4)
, . N

:
,
.

+ + + = 2 + 2 = 2( + ) .
= = (
. ), = .

2(+) = 2 ,
.

5) , ,
, N
.

4)
:
,
.
,
.

,
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 102

T ,
= 1 = 1
( ).
= . ,
.
6)
=. N ,
.

,
.
, .
.
,
.

7) =
=. N , ,
.

:
,
. //
=.
, (
) // =.
== ////.

, , .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 103

8)
= = . N , , .

+ + = 1800
.
=2, =

+ =
+

.
2

( = )
+ + =+
2 2

+ + = + = 1800

9) , ,
, , , . N
:
) = = .
) T .

:
) T ,
i) =, .
ii)

1 = 1

iii)

1 = 1

= = .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 104

) ,
. T
,
.

.

:
, . ,
:
' ,

10) =2 ,
= 90.

=2 ,
.

2 = 1800

2 = 1800

= 90
2
0

= 90
2

+
1800
0
0
0

+ = 180 ( + ) = 180 (
) = 180
= 900
2 2
2
2

= 900

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 105

11 ) 1

1 2 , =. N
.

1 :
T , .

, .

//= , //.

2 :
T , . //=,
. , ,
, .

12) :
) .
) .

)
.
.
:

1 = 1

( )

1 = 2

= 1

( ).

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 106

2 = 1

, , //.

1800
+
=
= 900
) 1 + 1 =
2
2
2
.

1)N , :
) = 600

) = 4

2) > ,
.
) N .
) N + .

3) MB .
, , MB
. . N
.
4)
. N .

5)
= = , , , .
6) , , ,

=, = , = , = .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 107

N .
<+<.
7) .
.

- -

, .

.
, - .

,
:
.

.
.

.
, ,
,
.
:
,
,
.

,
:
.
.
.
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 108

, v
.

1) .
:
' . T

( = = ) , = , .
, , ( =
= ) , , =.

2)
.
:

,
.
,
. , ,
+ = .
, = .
, ( = ,

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 109

= ,
=
= .
,
+ = + = = .

3) ,,,
. .

T , , ,
150.
,
=== (1).
, 1

1 = 150

= 1

1 + 1 = 300

, 2 = 15 = 90 (2).
(1) (2)
.

4)
. :
) ,,, .
)
.

) .

' .
)
.

=.

1 = 1

1 = 2 , 1 = 2 .
, //.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 110

5) ,

= 1

. 1

1 + 1 = 1500 ,

1 = 1 = 750 .

2 = 150 .

2 = 150

= 1500 .

6)
.

, .
, .
' .
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 111

7) . ,

,
.
.

= = = = ,
= = = .
T ,
= .

.
//. //
//=,
.
//,
.
,

8)
= . =

=.

1 =

1 + 1 = 1 + = = 900

. .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 112

1)
. =(3x-2) =(2+7) ,
.

2) . ,
=.
.
3) .
=== . .
4) =.
.
5) .
,.
.
6) = =.
.
7) ===.

8)
.
9) .
10) =45 .
. .
11) ,
. = =
)
) ,
) .
12) .
,,, .
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 113

13 )
.
( )

14) ,
. C
D.
, ;

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 114

To
.

,
,
//

, .

, ||,

.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 115

3 ,
:
.
= =
.

,
.
( )
= =

1 2
1
2 1 2 ,
1 2 .

To (
) .

, , .

( )

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 116

,
2


3

AM, BN .
,
.
:
= 2 =

2
AM
3

T .
, BE .
, .

:
,
.

. :

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 117

,
.

, = 90 AM
,

2
1
=
=90 .
2
=

:
: 30,
.
(, = 90 = 30,

1
)
2

= 90 AM ,
.
:

=
<
>

= 900

> 900

< 900

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 118

1) . N
.

.
, =

,
2

= .

2) ,
,
.

(=90) . AM.
:

= 900 1 = 900 2

1 AMB.
0

, = (90 ) =

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 119

3) N ,
.

) , //=//=
////=

= ,
, , .

) ,
.

4) N
, .

.
// =

// =

= 1.
, .
, .
// =

// =

,=

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 120

= .
5) . ,
, , ,
,, .

, .

// =

(1)

// =

(2)

(1) (2) // =.
.

6) , ,
,, ,, . .

.
//.
, ,
.
// ,
.

7) ,
. :
i)AE=2EM
ii) =2

:
http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com
iii) .

- 121

i) . ,
. AE=2EM.
ii)
=+=+=(+)+=
=+2=+=2
=2.
iii) ,
.

7) .
,
.
;

.

=

= 1 = 1 .
2

2 = 2

= 1 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 900
, =,
=.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 122

, :
, .
,
.

.
.
,
.
30 15,
.

8) ,
=

, =.

.
, //.
//
. , ,
=.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 123

8) .
,
.

.
:

+ = 900

. ,

= = 1 .

0
= 2 . + = 1 + 2 = 90

9) .
// ()

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 124

() ,
.
() ,

.

1.
;
2. ;
3. ;
4.
. =2+80 =8+4 ,
.
5. ; '
;

6. ;
7. = 90 = 35.
:
) 55
) 100

) 70

) 110

) 125

8.. ,
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 125

9. = 900 ,
.
= 600 , =2 =

3
.
2

10. ;
11. ;

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 126

1)
, :
) =
) 1 + 1 = 1800

2) :
) )

3) ( = 900 ) , ,
. :
)
) = , .
4) ( = 900 )

= 150
.
) .
) :
i) =

ii) =

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 127

5)
.
.

6) .

2
7) ,
.
.
) :
i)
ii) .
) =2
)
,

8)
= 900
.
=6 , .

9) ,
. .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 128

10) = 900 = 300 .

, = 3.
11) .
, .
12) , . ,
, , :
i) EH// //
ii) AH==.

13)
.
,
:
) 1 = 1 )

14) ( = 900 ) .
i) = 150 , =4
ii) =

1
= 750
,
4

15) = 1200 ,
// .
)
)
.
) = 3.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 129

16) =.
,
( 2002)
17) . =
= 600 ,
.

18) > , ,
. ,
:
)
)=- ) =

) = 900 +

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 130

:

.

.

.


.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


.

:

.

.
(
).

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 131

:

.
,
.
,

.
, ,
// , // =(+)/2 =

+
2

.

,
// ,// =

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 132

:
) .
) .
= :
+ =
=

. :
= = ,

, = ,

, , ,
:
( )




.
( .)

( )

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 133

-
1) // , =7 =15.
, =3 =3,
.

.
=3 =3 ,
.
,
. :

+ 7 + 15
=
= 11
2
2
+ 7 + 11
=
=
=9
2
2
=

.
2)
.

:
==
= , .
.
= = ,
//. //.
=, .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 134

3) , > ,
. ;
) .
)==

) :
= ( )

1 , 1 = =
1 (
1 =
) = (
.)

= = 900 = .

(--)
)
=.
;

= + +

= + +

= 2 + 2 =
= =

4 )
.

,, ,, .
, , , //
.
:
// =

=
2

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 135

5) // =2
.

+ + 2 3
=
=
2
2
2

2 1
=
=
2
2
2

, ,

= = =

6) // =+.
, .

+
2

+= , =

.
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 136

7) > .
. ,, , =+.

.
.
//( ) ,
//.( ).
=

(1)
2

//
( )
.

,
:

(2)

(1) (2) :

=
= = + .
2
2
8)
. = 900 .

,
.
:
=
1 = 1 ( )

1 = 2 ,

=
(1) (2) :

= 900
2

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 137

9) // =+.
.

.
.

1 = 2 ( ),
1 = 2
1 =.
1 =
=+ , =+ =.
2 =
2 ,
= ,
2 =
1
1 =
2 .

10) =

3
,
2

, .
:
) .
)= - ,
.

) , :

1
( + ) (1) // (2)
2

1
3
=
2
2

(1) :

1 1
3
1 4
( + ) = ( ) = (3)
2 2
2
2 2

(2) (3) .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 138

) , :
// //
:
// //
, = .

=+ =+ =-.

= 900 =+
11) =

. ,
2

.
,
(
).
=

+
=
= .
2
2

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 139

( )
1)
= = 90 = 60.
= 10x = 8x,
:
) 3x

) 4x

) 6x

) 8x

) 5x

2) =6 =10.

24.

3) // = . .
4) :
)
) .
)
.

5)
. :
)
) = y
) x .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 140

6) (//) ==.
, =.
7) (//) .
, ,
,, .

8) : 4x, 3x, 2x, x.

) .
) .
9) 20 cm .
.
10) (// ) . , ,
, , .
11)

, ,

=3. ,
.
12) (,) , , ,
, .
=.

13) , . , ,

=.

14) (//) =+. ,

:
) ..

,
)

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 141

15) ,

=.

16) , =

.

= = 900

17) < .
.
= = .
, , , .
18) (//) . .
.
19) //.
. //.
20) :

= = 900 =2
, = 3

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 142

21) , , .
, , =+.
22) , , = 600 =.
:
)=
) .

= 2 . .
23) +

)= )2=3

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 143

: ,

.( .1 )

.(.2 )
:

:
i) .
(. 3)
ii) ,
.
( .4)

= =

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 144

BA= ,
.
.
( 5)

i) ,
, .
(. 6)
ii) ,
,
( ).

, ,
,
( , ) .
(. 7)

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 145

(,)

.

.

.

:
.

,
,
.
:
// =

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 146

, :

) = 0 , = = 0

( 1)

1
) = 0 , = = 0 (2)
2
)

1
2

= ( 0 + 0 )

( 3)

) ,

1
2

= ( 0 0 )

( 4)

) ,

1
2

1
2

= ( ) = ( 0 )
1
1
1
= =
2
2
2
1 1
1
= + = + = ( 0 ) ( 5)
2
2
2

1
2

1
2

= ( ) = ( 0 ) ( 6)

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 147

1) (,) 30
. .
=.

,
. . = 300 ,
=

= = .
2
2

.
=.

2) (,)

= 500 = 400 . .

2 = 400 50

500
= 250 .
2
1 = 250 .
2 =

= 400 .
1 = 400 .

1 = 90 0 40 0 = 50

1 = 50 ,
2 =
.
2 = 90 0 1 = 90 25 = 65 .

2 = 65 0 .
1 =

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 148

= 40 + 1 = 40 + 65 0 = 105 0
=
1 +
2 = 50 + 65 0 = 115 0

= 1 + 2 = 25 0 + 50 = 75 0
= 1 + 2 = 40 0 + 25 = 65 0
3)
. //.

.
,
// .
//

4)

.
, y,
.

= 350 + 350 = 700

0
0
0
y , = 350 = 90 + 35 = 125

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 149

= 90 = = 35 ( ).
= 1800 900 350 = 550 .
5)
. =.
.

= ,

= = + y (1)
= y = .
= = ,

.

(1)

= x + + y = x + y = x
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 150

1) ,
.

2)
. .

3) (,) ,
. = .
4) . :

= = 90
)// )
5) = .
= 2 .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 151

6)

.
7) (,)

=300 .

.
) .
)
.
8)


.
9) (, )

=500 = 40 .

.
10) ,
,
.
.
11)
.
,
,.
//.
12)


.
13). ,
( ,)
( ,).
//.
14)
(,)
.


.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 152

15) (,). //
//,
.
16) < ,
. = .

17)

xy

:
.
) :
.

. yAB

. x

BKE
2

) :
.

) :
. x

. . y

) , ,
:
. =

. x =

. + = 180

. x =

. + = 360

) .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 153

-
,


.

,
,
.

,
:
)
.( 3)

) 180 .
)
.( 4 )
)
. ( 2)

1 :
.
(
)

,
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 154

2


,


:
)
,
.
) ,
+=+
, .
, :
)
) .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 155

-
1)
,
.
)
, , ,,
.
) ,

) + = 1800 .
( ) + = 1800 .
+ = 1800 .
.
(
)

.

) 1 = 2 .
1 = 1 (1)

1 (2)
2 =
1 (3)
1 =
(1) ,(2) (3) 2 = 1

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 156

, , ,
: = = 900

+ = 900 + 900 = 1800 .

.

2) .


.
//

// :

+ = 1800

,
. :
= (1)

= :
y = (2)
(1) (2) :
x+y=+=180
: + = + = = 1800

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 157

+y=180 , //.

3) . ,
// .

//, = .
= = 900 ,
. = =y (1)
= ,

.
y = (2)
(1) (2) = .
//.

4)
+ = 1800

= 1800 1 1 = 1800

2 2

1 1 = 1800
= 1800
2 2

+ = 3600 (

+ + + ) = 3600 1800 = 1800
2 2 2 2

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 158

1)
.

2) :
)
) .

3) .
4) , ,
.

4)
.
.

5) . ,
. //.
=.

6)


.
.

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 159

7 ) ,
.
8) ,
.
9) ,,
.
10) ,
.
.
11)
.
12)
.
13)
.( steiner).
14)
.
.
15) - = 80.
:
. 90

. 100

. 110

. 120

. 130

16) , ,
.
.
:
. 3

. 4

. 5

. 6

. 7

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 160

17) = = = = = .
.
18)

80

= 50. x :
. 80

. 90

. 115

. 130

. 105

19) .
:
. 36

. 45

. 72

. 90

. 144

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 161

. ,
.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. ( ) .
10. .
. ,
.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6.
.
7. , .
8. .
9.
.
10. .
. ,
.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5.
( ).
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. ,
, .
10. .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 162

. ,
.
1. .
2. ) .
) .
) .
) .
) ( ).
3. .
. ,
.
1. .
2. .
3. , ,
.
. ,
.
1. .
2. : ) , )
.
3.
.
4. .
. ,
.
1. .
2. .
3.
.
4. .
. , ,
.
1. ( ) 180.
2. // ( // ...) ( .O.K.)
. 3.
, .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 163

. :
) , ) , ) ) ,
. ( .)
. :
) ,
,
) , :
1. ,
2. .
. ) ,
.
1. ,
180.
2. ( ) .
) ,
.
1. .
2. ( )
.
. ,
.
1. , ,
.
2. .

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com

- 164

... , ,
... , .,
. .
,

... ,

,
EXCURSIONS IN MATHEMATICS C.Stanley Ogilvy
THE MOSCOW PUZZLES Boris A. Kordemski
QUANTUM
THE PENGUIN BOOK OF CURIOUS AND INTERESTING PUZZLES
David Wells
C._G._Gibson ELEMENTARY_EUCLIDEAN_GEOMETRY
AN_UNDERGRADUATE_INTRODUCTION
Bottema-TOPICS IN ELEMENTARY GEOMETRY
GEOMETRY - Cliffs Quick Review - E. Kohn (2001)
MATHEMATICAL.CIRCLES.REVISITED_H.Eves
MATHEMATICAL ADVENTURES FOR STUDENTS AND AMATEURS David Hayes
PROBLEMS IN PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY [V. Prasolov]
SOLVING PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY GUSEV
W.W.RouseBall MATHEMATICAL_RECREATIONS_AND_ESSAYS

:
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewforum.php?f=20
http:// www.math.olstate.edu/h sc/
http:// www.problems.math.umr.edu/index.htm
http:// www.faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/encyclopedia/

http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com