In this study, an effort is presented, towards the appraisal of the economic and environmental

performance of concrete pavement with the glass fiber (GF) reinforced concrete with and without
concrete waste aggregates (CWA). The performance of pavement with plain and fiber-reinforced
concretes was compared based on the results of economic and environmental analysis. Firstly, this study
evaluated the important mechanical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, and residual
strength) of the concrete mixes incorporating different quantities of CWA (as 0%, 30%, 50% and 100%
replacement of natural coarse aggregate) and GF (as 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% volume fraction). Then,
the mechanical properties were used to design the thickness of jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP)
for different concrete mixes under similar design loading conditions. Finally, using the cost and carbon
emissions of each mix per cubic meter; the cost of pavement (CP) and carbon emissions of pavement
(EP) per square meter were evaluated. The results of flexural testing revealed that CWA concretes with a
small percentage of GF (i.e. 0.25%) can yield better flexural strength, toughness, and residual strength
than conventional plain concrete. CP and EP analysis showed the remarkable economic and
environmental benefits of fiber-reinforced concrete application in JPCP. At any level of CWA, 0.25%GF
addition into concrete yielded concrete pavement with a 20% lower cost and carbon-footprint than that
produced with the conventional plain concrete. The CWA level can be maximized into concrete
pavement with the GF addition, otherwise plain CWA concrete yields cost and carbon footprint similar
to that of the conventional concrete.

Fibers are sometimes added to stabilize the binder during mixing and placement. An additional benefit
of using fibers is that fibers have been shown to allow increased asphalt binder contents and thus
increase film thicknesses thereby increasing durability [5] . Asphalt cement modifiers have been used in
pavement technology to enhance pavement performance and reduce different types of pavement
distress, of which, rutting, low temperature cracking, fatigue cracking, stripping, and hardening are the
most common failure. The present project investigate the usability of mineral fibers in order to resist the
stresses occurring at the surface layer of pavement, which are directly subjected to the traffic effects.
For this purpose four different types of mineral fibers (steel , aluminium , copper and tin), four different
fiber rates (1% , 1.5% , 2% , 2.5% ) by total weight of mixture, with varying lengths of mineral fiber
(0.5 ,1.0 ,1.5 ,2.0) cm, and four different thickness (0.2 , 0.4 , 0.7 , 0.9 ) mm were used in this study. All
specimens have been tested by Marshall method. The results indicated that adding (1.5%) of the copper
fiber by the total weight of mixture, with (0.5 cm) length and (0.4 mm) thickness increase Marshall
stability by (34%) as compared with the conventional mix.

This study presents characteristics and properties of alkaline mineral fiberreinforced asphalt mixtures. It
evaluates the effect of mineral fiber contents (0 %, 0.3 %, 0.5 %, 0.7 % and 0.9 %) and two kinds of
asphalt binders (original asphalt AH-90 and 5 % SBS modified asphalt). Marshall test, dynamic stability,
moisture susceptibility tests were conducted. The Marshall stability increased initially and then
decreased with increasing the mineral fiber contents. The mechanical property (dynamic stability and
tensile strength ratio) of fiber-reinforced asphalt mixtures increased with the increase of mineral fiber
contents. Fiber contents had great influence on high temperature rutting resistance, while little
influence on moisture susceptibility. Based on the performances and the economic factors, an optimum
fiber content of 0.5 % was recommended for the alkaline mineral fiber used in this AC-16 mixture. The
asphalt mixture modified by 5 % SBS had higher mechanical performances than the mixture modified by
0.5 % mineral fiber, especially for permanent deformation in high temperature. The research results
would be of importance for material design of asphalt pavement according to traffic volume and loading
distribution.

Alkaline mineral fiber, asphalt mixture, Marshall stability, dynamic stability, moisture susceptibility.
Gypsum plasterboard that incorporates various combinations of polyurethane foam waste and
polypropylene fibers in its matrix is studied. The prefabricated material was characterized in a series of
standardized tests: bulk density, maximum breaking load under flexion stress, total water absorption,
surface hardness, thermal properties, and reaction to fire performance. Polypropylene fibers were
added to the polyurethane gypsum composites to improve the mechanical behavior of the plasterboard
under loading. The results indicate that increased quantities of polymer waste led to significant
reductions in the weight/surface ratio, the mechanical strength and the surface hardness of the gypsum,
as well as improving its thermal resistance. The polypropylene fibers showed good adhesion to the
polymer and the gypsum matrix, which enhanced the mechanical performance and the absorption
capacity of these compounds. The non-combustibility test demonstrated the potential of the new
material for use in internal linings.

Studies carried out concerning the non-bearing partition wall systems used in buildings have increased
in recent years. A very limited number of studies about the behaviour of gypsum wallboard systems
under cyclic repeated loads have been found in the literature. An experimental study was carried out
under earthquake loads to investigate the properties of gypsum wallboard systems, such as general
load–displacement behaviour, stiffness, displacement ductility ratios and energy dissipation capacities.
Ten different non-bearing wall specimens were produced. Four of these wall specimens consisted of
different gypsum wallboard infill walls and the remaining six consisted of plastered and non-plastered
infill wall specimens built with clay bricks, light concrete briquettes and aerated concrete blocks. As a
result of this study, the performance levels and general behaviours of dry gypsum infill wall systems
under the effect of horizontal cyclic reversible loading were determined by comparing with other infill
wall systems. Although the initial stiffness and ultimate load capacity values of the dry gypsum infill wall
systems were lower compared to a masonry infill wall and lightweight concrete brick walls, it was
determined that they performed very successfully in terms of displacement ductility ratio and energy
dissipation capacity.

In this study, the phase change material paraffin/recycled concrete block composite (PCMPC) was
prepared and used as fine aggregate in manufacturing of lightweight concrete (LWC). The mix
proportions of LWC were designed using Taguchi method. L 9 orthogonal array with four factors viz.,
water/cement (W/C) ratio, water content, PCMPC content and sand/cement (S/C) ratio were selected
for the optimization of LWC. The most important factors influencing the properties of LWC were
investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the results, the phase transition and latent
heat of PCMPC showed good thermally reliable and chemically stability after thermal cycling test. The
density and compressive strength of samples containing the PCMPC were in the range of 1711–
1812 kg/m3 and 33–53 MPa, respectively. The density and compressive strength of samples can meet
the requirement of lightweight concrete for structure application according to ASTM C330/C330M-14.
The results also showed that PCMPC was the most significant factor for heat storage coefficient. The
thermal energy absorption and release characteristics of LWC containing PCMPC were significantly
better than those of the control sample. The fine PCMPC aggregate is thus another novel building
material for use in thermal conditioning of building which can reduce and save electricity consumption.

Form stable phase change

material
Lightweight concrete
Recycled concrete block
Taguchi method