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n t c t u i s h i c l c l s l r o r r - . cVl c r t i c e l l Vi n t ( ) t h c p i l c j u s t a l r o r c t h e 1 ) ( ) i n to f s e r r r p l i n gr r i l l p r e | t n t l < r r s c
Irggr('.grrtrprLI.ticlcsfrr)1rrslicling closn into sanrpling ur-clrs.
,\ sr1uale,shrrpctlsltorcl rrith trrlncci u1.leclges thlrt tirlnr u sccxrlr shoLtlcl lrt' ttse'cllirr sltltt-
ltling. TItc sltovel bluclc 1s inscrtcrl Irorizor-rtlr llr, ilrto tlre st()(kpile s() ils t() rcnr()\'e it sc<xrp ftrll of
n r l t t c f i x l . A s t l e i g l r t r c l g e c l r n b c r r s c r lt o s t l i k t ' o l l t h t s h o v t l l ( ) r c c l u c c s c l l l e g l t k ) n t l ( ) t t l
sltillagc. ancl nlilintiliu ll re prcsc lltll t ivc strrrplt. Thc xggrcgilt(' sltnrple is plltcccl in :l (leiln l)tr('k('T
r t l o t l r c l s t t r c l t ( ( ) r ) t i l i n c l ' .l t i s i n l p ( ) r t l l n t t ( ) o l ) t l r i n t h c s l l l l p l c f r o r t t r a L i < > t tlso c l t t i t t n sr t f t l l t
s t ( ) c k p i l c . I t i s t r l s o i r r r p o l t e n t t l u r t s l L n l l ) l i n gl ( ) c l l t i ( ) n sn ( ) l l ) e i n l \ c r t i c r t l 1 i n e .T I r e l s h o r t l t i l t < :
strrggtlccl erour.tclor lithin the l)ile t() ensurc r rcprt:s(r)taIi\c sllrtlPlc.
..\ggregxtc slrnrplcs cln llso bc tlLkcn florri u conrcvoL bclt or u sarnpling chtttt. TItese slttn-
r r o p c r l r ' . l r r c u s u l r l i l l n ( ) r e r e p r e s c n t i l t i \c t h l n s t o t k p i l e s l u l p l c s . l l t c c o n v e t e r
p l e s . i l - t l r k e r .p
lrelt ntust lre stoltltccl lrnrl tlrt slrnt;llt, nrLrstinclucle mlltrri:ll c()\'crinfl thc lirll riirlth of tltc ltelt in
olrlel to olrtrrir.rrr reprcscntxtivc semplr.'fhe cntirc fl()\\'()f lggrcglltc fiortt the bclt ttttrsl cnLer
t l r t s u nr p l i n g c l r u t c .
'lublt,
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, \ l t c r O l l t l t i t t i n gl L n i L g g r e g l r t ts l t r n P l c .i t i s L r s L L r l lnr ( 1 r ' 5 s i r r Yl o r t ' r l r r t ( l l r t ' s l L r r p l c ' 5 i z ( ' t i ) f 1 ( ' s l

i t l g c o r l r e n i c t t r e . l J t ' t r l l t s t t t ' t l L t c i n gl t s l t r | 1 t l cl ) f c \ c n l s l l l t ( ) l ) l ) ( ) 1 1 t ] l t i it(\ ) r s c g r e g l L l l t ) n(.l l r t n t L l s l
l r c t l t l i c t t t ( ) l ) r t s ( ' r v c t l r c s l l l l l ) l c s i n t ( ' g r i l \ . T l r r s t r r r p l t ' r ' t ' r l L r c t i o r r r t t h o c i sl r r t ' i l l L r s t l t r t t ' ci nl
I : r g L r t + . 0 ( r . \ I r t ' r ' l r t n i t l t l s p l i t t c l i s u s r l L l l r ' p l c f , - r r e t lI i r r c o l t r s t r t g g r t g i t t ( o l t l t r . l i n e i t g g r c g i t t c .
( J L r i u t e l i l l gi s t l r c l r e s t n r e t l r o r lu h e n l l r t , r L g q r t , ! r r t st t r n r p l , - , i s\ \ ( 1 . , \ S ' l\ l ( , - 0 2 : r n r l A , \ S I J ' l ( )
'I
2 t l l t l e s c r i b c l r o l l r r r r t t l r o c l si n ( 1 ! { 1 r i l .
I { r U r ( l ( ) n(l( ) r s t i r t i s l i ( : l l ) s a r r P l i n gi s r r o t i n t l L r t l c c ii l i l h i s c l l i r l ) 1 c r 1 . h c 1 > r o c c c l u r Ici l r t l r i s t r p e
- 'l'cstlng
o l s r r t t p l i n g i s i n c l r r c l e t li n ( l l r i r p l o i n t h c s c t t i o n t i r l e ( l 5 1 l r ) r 1 ) l j nugn c l J'len lirr'(]Lrelrti
( l o n t r ( ) 1 .A ( l ( l i t i ( ) n u li n l o r n l L l i o n i s l o c l t c c l i r - r . \ P p e l r c l i x( 1 . A S I \ 1 I ) 3 ( r ( r i .S t u r . r c l u |lc) lr ' r L r t i , : tf' isr r '
I l t n r k r r n S l t r n q r l i n l .1 . x o v i r l c si n i i r l t l l r t i o r t o n 1 l r i ss u l r j e c t .

DlStorage andHandlingol Asphalt

F - n o u g l te s p l l L l t l r u s t l ) c s t ( ) r c ( lx t t h e p h n l l ( ) r l . l r l i n i l i n L r n i f i r n r p l l n l ( ) l x ' r i r t i ( ) n ,r ' s p t t i l l l v
r r l t t n t e k i n g r l c l l t v t r l s ) r i p r n t n t s a n c l l r s t i n g t i m c i n l o ! L c c ( ) u n t\.l ( ) s t l ) l l l n t s h l r r t r r t l c l r s t t s . ,
l t s p l t r r l t a n l < s O n c r r o r k i n g t l t r t k t r n r l ( ) n ( , ( ) r l l l o r c s t ( ) l l l q t :l l l n k s S ( ) n t c ] ) l i l l l t s l t r c L r s i n gr c r t i c l t l
s l ( ) r i L g ( ' l i r r k st ( ) b c t t ( r ' h r L r t c l l tr r o r l i f i t c l l r s p l t r l t { F i g r r l c + . ( ) - ) . \ \ ' h c n n r ( ) r u t h r l n o n e g r r c l c o l
r t s p l l t l l i s r c c l t t i r c c tl i r r l . l l o c l L r t t i o r rl l, l t ' l r s to l r c t r r n k r r i l l l r c n c c t l c c l l i r l t r r c l r g l u t l c .

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. \ s p l r : r l ts l o | r t r . l cl r t n l ' s s l r o r r l c l r c c e l i l r L r l r . ' i\l( ) l l t l l t 1 1 1 (i l' n i o L [ ] 1 ( r l t r r l t , r i r t rl e r l ] l L i n i r - ti g

tt tlte
lrLnli ( l n l r r ' r l r ' t c r n r i n c ' crl t l n \ l i r r ( ' . l l r i r n r L r s tl r C l t r ' r r l c r l1 o I ' t e P l l t c r r s l r l r l r l ltl L r i t lc r r o r - r g lttO
l l l ( ) \ ( ' l l l f ( ) t l s l t l t e t l c l i r c l r a t t c lr t ' t L u r lti n ( s . l l r x l i n g i 5 ( l ( ) n ( ' ( l ( ' ( l l i ( i l l l i o r l r r r i | i L r l r r t i | r l.rq( n ( ) i l
t ] r t o r t q l t c o i l s i n 1 1 i el i l n k . l { r ' g : r l t l l t ' s so 1 t l t c ] t e r r t i n gn r r ' l l r ( ) ( lL r 5 ( , ( l r r ( ) l ) ( , n 1 l : u r r rr r t r s t n c r t r '
,.,1.( 1 . ,t .t(| \\ itrt lt, t..rtl,,,r' tL\ !.,lrtLrrt\.
\ \ l t e r e c i r c L t l r t t i r I- rt (g) l( ) i l i s r t s t t l . t l r c o i l l c r c l i n t l r c I r r ' : r t i n g L r n i tl e s c n o i l s l r o L r l cl rl c
c l t t ' t l . r ' t l f ( ' r l u c r t t l \ .. \ t l l o q ri t t t l r t ' l c r t ' l , : o L t l tiln r l i r . t t t l t o t o i l l t r r l ' r r q ei n t o t l t c ' t r t r t Lr i s t r l t i r t qi n
( 1 ) n t i l n l i n : l l i ( )oni t l r r ' t r s y r l t l r l t
, \ l l 1 r ' r L n s f tl 'itn 1 : . P L L n t l r lsL n r l u e i g l r l r r r c l i t l s m L r s lr r l s o l r r n t h e l r t i n g c o i l r ( ) r j i l ( k ( t s t ( ) l \ ( ( l )
t l r i ' r t s P l r l t l l l r t . ( ) n t ( ) r r l ( ) r ' ( 'l l l r n r ( ) n r , . ' t r - 'sr 'lst o r r l c l r c P l r r c t ' t lr n t l r , - e r l t l t : r l t l c c t l s t s t t t r r t
r r ( ) l r l l ( ) r : l s J ) l r itrcl l l t l ) (L l l Ul r ' .
l l C t u f n l i n ( ' sr l i s t l r l t r g i n uj l r l ( )l l r ( ' s l ( ) l i L g ( ' l : r nsl ih o L r l rIl ) ( ' s t r b r r t l g ( 1 l r t l o r r i l r c l r s P l r l r l1t r ' r . ' l
r t t l l l l l i r t t c sl o P r ' ( ' \ ( ' n ll l r c ' r r s p l L r l lr o u r o x i c l i z i n gt l r r | i n gc i | r L r l l t l i o n( l r i g L r f (r' . ( ) S ) I. l t ( ) r ( l ( ' ft o
l r t t : t k t lr r - 'r l rt LrLrrrr i n t ] r t ' l i n c r r r l r t n t l t , - l . l r r n t l ri s l c i e l s c c l . l u t c l l o t l r l L l t l r c l i n e s . t l o o r ' l l r l t , t ,
\ t r l i ( r l l s l ( ) 1 s , : l r b: rc c r r l i n l l r t ' r ' r ' t L r rlni n t s i t l r i n t h ( t i r r k . b L r tl r l r r r c t h e l r i g h l c r e l r r l u l i o l l l i c
s l o l t r l l r s p h l lrt .
r \ l t v l l l l t ( r i x l { c s l t t t l t l l v r r r t l i l i c t l r r s p l l r l lt l t ' n l r i n i n g i n : r s l o l r r g t ' I r r n l i s l r r t r l c l l r r ' p u l g t c l
l r t ' t o r c l t t l t l i r t s l r c l i l l e l e n t g l e t l t . I ) i f l c ' r c r . titi r l n r L r l r r l i o r rosf t r c n I l r c s r r r n t ' g l r t c i cn l : r v n ( ) l l ) r ' ( r ) n r
l ) l l t i l ) l e . t n ( l s l t o t t l t l n t ' r t ' t b c c o r n b i n c c l i n l l r c s l t n t , -1 r L l t l i . ' t l t cr r s p l r r r lsr L r l t l t l i c ls l r o u l c l l r t c o n
t i l c t c ( l \ \ l l c r l r r r n s i r l e l i n g t l i r i n t c r n t i \ i t . t go f l s p h l r l t .

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 l : t : : t i ::tl , l r ' : j r l : :l :t li ir ; t l : t : | : i l | t t r ' i '\|i,r1t i l i ' l : i t t l r r i ' 1 : 1 1rqi 1l i1t '':.l1l l ' l l

|DSampling Asphalt
\ o l r r u r l l t . a s l r l t e L st l n r p l c s l r l t , l l L k e n l r r r n r e s l r n r p l i n gr u l r c i n t h c r l e l i r t n l i n c t ( ) t l t c r r r i \ i r ) g
c l l r n t l r , . ' r ' ( l : i g r u e+ 0 9 ) . ( ) c c l t s i o n : r l l.t s l L n r p l e sr r i l l l r t t r r k e n l r r r n r l t s l t n r p l i r . t gc l c r i c c o r t r t r c l l i c L c
t r n k ( ) f s t o f l l . q rt u n k ( f i ! . : u r c I . l 0 ) . A t i ' \ \ i n r p ( ) f t l l n t f t r l c s l o f i r l l o \ u h t n s u n t p l i t . t gl t s l t h l t l l l r e :

. , \ l l s l L i l t t p l t c a u t i o n s l i r r h r r n t L l i n gi l n ( l s l ( ) r i n g i r o t a s p l r u l t s l i o l t l t l l t t ' t i r l l o u c c l .
. . \ s p l r e l t l r i r . r c l cirs v c r t l r o t s l r t n s e n r p l r r l . s ( ) p r ' o l c ( t i \ e c I r t h i l t g ( g l o r t s . l l t c c s h i t ' l c l .1 o r . t g -
s l e c r e c l s h i l t ) s h o L r k ll r e \ \ ( ) r n 1 ( )l ) l ( ) t c c t t u r t t r l r t t l r t s .
. T o c r r s L r r ct l l r t s u r r r p l e sx r e l r l ) r e s c n t l t i v t o f t l r e c n t i r t s h i p r ] l e n ( .t l t c r s h o t t l c ll ) c l x l i c n
f | o n r t l r r s l t n r p l i n g r l r ) r ' t ' sp r o r i r l t c l l i r r t l l l t t p t t l - p o s c .
. S ; r n r p l i n gn r c t h ( x l s u r c t l c s r l i l r c c l i r r A S l t r l l ) I r 0 e r . r c.l\ A s l l ' l O ' l + 0 .
. ( ) r r l t r t t r r . r ' l t ' l t n .r t n c l r l t l s a r t p l e c ( ) l - l t l l i n c f s! l r c t ( ) l ) c L l s c ( 1 .
. A t l e i l s t l t c l u l r l o l r r s p l l r L tb i n t l e r s h o r r l r ll r r a l k l r c t l t o c l r x i n ( ) u t o l I l t t ' r : t l r t l t e l o r e t l r k i r t g
s l t r l p l t s . T l r i s c l c a n s ( ) u t t l t c v a l v r u n c l t h e l i n c s u n c l h c l p s 1 . l r r ri c L ca r t p r c - s c n t i l t i(\ s x l t t p l e .
. I r i l l e r lc r r n r u i n c r ss l r o L r l cllr r s e r r l e c il n r r r r c c l i u t e l sl i l l r r l e e n . t l n . t i g l r t f i t t i n g l i c l s .\ n v
s p i l l r r l n t r i t c r i u ls i t o u l t l j r c l i p e c l l - r o n rt h e c ( ) n t l r i n t r l i t h u c l c r t n . c l r y c L r i t l t- \ l a \ l r l t \ \ i r h
l r t l o t l r c l i p p e c lo l s r x t k r . c i n s ( ) l v t l l t .
e , \ l l c o n t e i n e r s n r l r s t l r t l l L b c k : r l( l e u r l \ ' . ( l ( ) n t i l i n c r ' l i t l ss h o u l r Lr t l s r >b c l l l r e l c r l l t c c l i r t s eo t t c c
I r l i t l i s r e I ] x r r c c l . i t u i l l l t c l t c c r s s l r n t ( ) n l r l t c h i t t o t l r e a p p l o p r i l r t c c o r . r t r r i n e r( .i r n t l t i n c r s
s l t o L r l r l r t ' l e l t r l r c l l i t l t l p c r n t x n c n t n l L r k i r . r gp e n . ' l ; r g s s l t o t r l c lb e l r s c t l o n l r r r h c t t t h t ' t t i s
no rlunger ol tltcir being losr in lransil.

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|DMineral Filler
Storageand ltandling NlinclrLlllllcr is sul)jcct l() (:lf.ir'rgor hrrrult'ningslren expostcl to rrt,,is
lLtt'c''fltt,t.t,|illt,.s(]l)ilI:tl(,5l()l.:lg(,sh()Ll](lllt'1lrrliitlt'tlt()J)I()t(,(llt'iltlltllLtllpr-ttss'Irr1:llltt.ttll1ltll
l i o n s u h e r c r r i i n e r l r l1 i l l e r u s a g c i s l r i g l r . u ) l r l k s t o l u g c s r l o i : o l i c n r r s c r l { F i g t t r t ' L l l ) . S L r ( l rl
s v s t c l n c l n h l t t c c i t h c r l l ) l l c L r n ) l l t i (o l n i t c l r . r r r i t r Lcl l c r i r t l o r i e c c l i n g f i l l e r i n t o 1 1 t e ' p 1 a n tI .n
p n c u n r i r t i c s v s t r m s . n r i n c n r l l l l l c l j 5 c n 1 [ e i r ] c ( li n i u r : r i r s t r c i l l l l r n c l i s h l u r < l l t ' clls l f l r r i d . o l l c r i n 3
ilccurtte c()ntr()l rln(l elirttinlttir.tgplLrgging.
'lhc
1:rntrrrtlttic srstern ger-tclallr c()nsists of lr leccirir-tg ho1:r1tcr.scrcrr c()n\('\'()r. (lLrsttigl)l
c l c v l r t o r . l n c i s i L o . ' l ' l r t I l r p p c r l r n c lc l c r l t o r k l r c l t h e s i l o l r r r m u h i c l r f i l l t l i s r r r c l r l e c l i n l o t l i e
p l e n t . l ) r r s i l o n r a v e l s o l r e l o l L c l c r<l l i r e c t l l f l o n r s r r i t l l r l v t ' c l i r i p p e ( lf i l l L - rt r . l n s p o l t t r u c k s . l i r c
rttincral llilcr is nolrtrallt intloclr-rceclirrto LIre rrix in thc l'cigh Irol>per-o1thc' betch pl:Lnt. In
sornr pl:rnts 1l srJ)lirxtc r,',ci.qhing slstenr nlil\ be proriclcrl. ln lr rlrlrm plxnl tllc nrincrel l-illel rs
intnxlrrcctl pncunllticillll tfrlorrgh lr pipc l>clrtcd r,,hcrc thr lrsphlrlt is intf()(lLl(('(1.
A b l r g - i c e c l i n t . r r r i n t r l r l l i l l e r s \ s t r ] n n l i l \ u l s o l r c L r s e c l . ' l h i ss Y s t c r nc o n s i s t s o f l r g l o r r n c l
r n o r L r t t c cl lc e c l c l . c l L r : t - t i g l ret l c r a t o r ' .s t r r g e I t o l r l r c r ' .r e r t e l e c r l c r ( ) r s c r e \ \ c ( ) n v c \ ' ( ) r .l n t l ; t n o t c t
llou clrutc.
I n l r r t l r l l l r - r l ka n c l l l r g s v s t e r r r sf.i n e l n l c t t r i n g o f t l r c f i l l e r i n t o t l r c r r r i x i s u c c o n r p l i s ) r c t l
thnrugh lt r ltlirtblc-spcccl vrne or s( re\\' fecck'r'.ol lrt:lt fectler clcpcr.ttlir.tg()n the nlttelilLl to l)t
 h u n c l l c c lr n c i l h e c a p e r i t v l e - r l L r i l e cTl .n e l t l r t u s e , t h c l i l l c r I e c c l n r c c h u n i s n ri s i n t e r k r t k c c l l i t l r
thc llggrcg.ttr :tncl rtsphltlt fcecl rttecltanisr.r.ts t() ensLlrc Lrnifirrrn pr,p, rrtr,'rrrng.
Irillrr h:rnrlling lrlso inrrrlrcs e plllnts clrst collr:ction svstcnr. [)ust collectors rtrc clcsignccl tcr
capture fincs esceping iirn the rggre.qrte mixture ancl rcturn llrc-rttt() thc J)lilnt lirr incorpol:t
ti(m int() thc nli\.
\in'lterc excess lines are encounteLecl in tlre lan tggreglltc lcccl. :r b1'plrsssl,stcnt cltn bt ttsi:cl
Io lecr-:irt- tlrc fillcl collectr:rl bl the ch.rstcollcctor'. The reclLrireclxnl()ur-rt(t liller is then feti lreck
l ( ) t l i e n l i x u n c l e n l s r r l p l r r sl m ( ) L l l r t i s c l i v c r t c c lt o a s t o l a g c l r i n .
I lr'clrrttcl linre or portlantl ( e mrnt is s()mrtin]es trsetl ls minelll f illcr. Hy clrlt,-:cllinre is also
Lrscrl lrs rrn llrt istril){)ing ilgent. A pncLlrlilti( inntlling svstcnl is gtncr';rllv usecl llte'n cither ol
thcsc mutcriuls is incorpoftrtccl clLr into the rnir. \\'hcn uscri rs rrn xnljslfipl)inll lgent. h\(lftltc(l
l i m r - c l n l r t l r r l c k c lk ) t i r c l r x ) i s t l g g r e g l l t r o l n u c L c i n t c >l r s l L r n ' l r n r l t h c r r l l r o l o r r g l t l l m i x e a l i n
run rrpplor e cl prLgnrill. tlencnll,v thc rrclclitirc-lggregrtc mirturc is fecl clirct llt inl() llrc l)lxlrt rli( r
n r i x i n g I l o u e r e r , l l i r r r es l u n l n r i x l r r r e n r a v l r c s t o c k p i l c c l b r : l i r r c i n t r ( x l u c t j o n i n t o t l r t p l : r n t l i r r
nll\l11g.

ContfOl of Feeding \\'hcn the rrrir.re l l-iller is rclclecl t() thL nri\. jts Pri 'l)' 'rti, 'nin.q rrrsr l)c
r\ilct. C()nsc(lucntl\. thc llo\\.ol liller into tire pllnt nllst l)c c:lrcfirll]' controlle cl :rncl fi-cc1ur:ntlr
chccliccl.
Tlrt' perct'ntegt of flller cnterin{t tltc hol nrix <'ln be calculutccl b,, sinrplv meusuting llte
errounl oi filltr consrrrrcil lrv tlrc pl:rnl rllrring plocluction of l giren.ulr()unt ()l HtrlA.
\ k x l t r n l r o t r r r i x t l t i l i t i c s h u v c l o u t l c c l l s n r o L r n l c c(l ) n s l ( ) r r g c s i l ( ) s u l ) l ) ( n 1 s l. t l k r r l i n g t l r t
n l r r t i t o r i r t g o l t l t e a r r o t r n l o l - r u r l c l i e l 1 n s t o n t g c x t . r n \ g i v c n t i 1 n c .I l t h i s n r t t h o r l i s n ( ) l l \ . u l -
l r b l r . t l o s c : r n c l l r c t l L r e n lr I r c c k s o r r l l r c t : r l i l r r : r t i o no l t h c l t , c c l i n gl r n r l u c i . q l r i n g n r r c l l r n i s r t t s c l r t
l r e l a l i en .

|| MaterialBecords
AggregateS (l(rtuill ir)linrlrrlion slroulcl lre rctrrrclecl 1rsuggreglLteslrt'r'ctcivcci irt llr('pl:lnl
s i r c . T h i s i n c l l r c l r s l c l c s c r i l ) t i ( ) no l - t l r c n r e t r r i r r l .t h e c l l r t cr r n c l( l u x n t i t \ ( l c l i l c r c r l . l r n c l u l r e t l r c r '
l l r c n r a l r : r i e ll l r s l r e r n l e s t t c l l r n t l l r p p r - o l t c l l r c l o l e c l t l i r e r - r ' .I l i t l r l s l r e e n r t p p l o r c r l . t h e t c s t
i ( l r n l i f i ( i l i i () n n r r n r l r t ' r ' s l r < l r l rllr t ' r ' c < r l c l t ' t ll r n r l s : r r n 1 - r l el esk e n e s n ( ' ( ( ' s i l r l t ( ) \ e r i l \ t l t e t t s t c l l t t l t .
'l'lre
s i z e e n c l l r - c c l t r t n c ro l - s t r r ' l rr ' l r t c l <s e r r p l r ' s l i l l r e n r r i t l r t l r e p o l i t r r i 1 t l t c s p c c i l v i n g
llgrr-lc\.
I f t h c n l r t c r i l l h l s r r o t b e c n t e s t c c lb c l i u ' c r l r l i r c r r . r ' l n c k l n s l r n p l t s s l r o L r l r l r c o l r t e i n c c l l t r . t t l
tcstccl to cnsrrrc conrpli:rr.rr'el irh rrll sllccilir'rrtions. At l nrinimull. tcsts slroultl 1rt rlLclc lirr- gr-u
r l l t t i o r t ( s i c v e l t n l t l r s i s ) a r t c l t l r u n l i n t s s ( r r u s l r e c ls i e r e l r n l t l r s i s ) l i x c o t L s c l t n r l l i n c l g g r c g i t t t s .
l t n r l s l t n r i e c l u i r : t l e n < r i i r l i r . r ee g g l t : g l t t r . S e n r p l t s r t r c r t l s o l r c r l u t n t l v r l k c n f i r r l r b s t > t p l i o n .s p t :
( i f i ( g f l r V i t \ ' .r r l r i r s i o n . l r n r l t c n r l c n c r t ( ) s t r i l ) ( u l l i n i t \ t i r l l s P h l r l T t .
Iiccorcls firl untcstcal nriLtcritls slllrlcl inclurlr':

. Nlnl( ( )l nlttc:'iltl pnrcluccr.

. L()cllti()n OI supplr, soul.r'e.
. Q L t x n t i t v c l c l i tr r e d .
. Qu.n.llill represrnlerl lrt urch sanrplc.

()r,r-inA.r()\s
F',,-^.,
 Asphalt tn nrost instrn(es. asphult t'rxtrcsfioln r prctcsteclsource uncl is lc('epted lrv ccrtifi
( i r t i ( ) n .E v c n s o . a L e c o r cni r r s t b c k e p t o l - a l l c l c l i v e r i t so f u s ; r l l r l tl r i n c l e lk r t h c I I X I A
1 ; l e n r .I l r t
rccorclsshorrlciir.rclurLthc foikrq'ins inlirrrnation'

Asplralt bit.rclcrgracle
Proclrrttrs nlnrc uncl loclrtior.rol shippills p()int
T I \ l \ I ' l . r n t. r n , l p r , , 1 Lt, i , l r n t r f r , . r r i l n
I )etc ol clclir clv
I)tlivcn invoice nrrnrfrct
(l('rtiliclti(n nunrl)cr
A s p h l r l t i l u a n t i t t ' l r v u c i g h t o r c a l c u l l r t c c lr ' o l r r n t el t a s c c l< t n r l i r e r l r ] t e t s u r e l l l c J t t

\\'lrt'rt' thc r r>lurrrcis cxlcul:nccl. thc foll<t* ir.rg iniorntation llust l)c furr.risltc(l:

l t ) ( i a l i l r r a l i o n c l t r r r t i c l e n ti f r t l r Lr o t r
b ) I 3 e g i n r r i n gn r c i t s L r r e r ) l e n( bt c f o r e r r r . r k r a c l i n g )
c) lln(ling llellsurellcnt (:rlier trnloltling)
c l ) T r n t P r r : r t u r - co f ; r s l t h l r l tr r l t c n n t c r L s L l ] e c l
'lclllP(IlltLlrc
e) ( o r r c c t i ( ) r ' ]l r r r l o r f i r l c ( ) n \ r r l i l r g t o r ( l u i \ . l l | ' n 1 l i t t , r ' sr L t i i ( l ( g l l l l ( ) n sl t 6 0 f )
f ) f l q u i \ : l l e n t l i t r : r s( g u l l o n s )
.rl) l)r()pcr iclent ificlrtior.r ol r'heck saltples trtkrn

S i t t t i l r i tr c c < u c l ss l r o u l d b e k e p t o n l L l l ( ) t h e r n l x t e r i l l l s ( s u c h : r s n t i n c r : r l 1 l l 1 c ra c l c l i t i r t s ) t l l r t
. l t ( l , ' l ) ( i r t ,, , r p ,r t . r t , , li n t ' , l l r ( ' t i \ .

>>Aggregate ColdFeed
1 ' l l c e u g t e ' g l t t tc' o l c l l e e c l s v s t t l n i s t l r c f l r s t n t r r j r x ( ( ) l l l l ) ( ) n c n I ( ) l l l t ( ' t l ; \ l A p l l r n t . I t r c t r r r t s
t r r l t l ( r t r . t l t t a t e c lx) g g r c q x t t f r o n r s t < > l t g ce n c l n r o r c s i t t o t h e c l l v t , r ' .I t i s l i g t r i n \ \ ( ) n h r x ) t i l t g t l l i l t
t - l < l l t t t l l i t t ' p l l t n t s c t l r t i p r t t e n tO r c O n t I O l a u t ( x l l i l t i ( ) nc l U l L l e t c ( t o r ( o f l t c l i n c o l t s i s t c n r ' i c si r t ' : r . L
c l l t t i o n o t r l g g r c g r t t et l t L r l i t r ' .( i r l t l l e r c l s c l r r o n l \ r e l e r i l n ( l p f ( ) l ) ( ) { i ( n t r l t c s u p p l i e c l i t g g f c g l t t c 1 ( )
li giVctt lt((Lllilc\ rtrttl rrrnsistcttcr'. T]rt'r'r.'fi [t'. c1r-relitrrrrnt|ol ol tlte lrggrcglrtc' ltrocluttiOn is
retlttirccl to enstlre clcliVtr., of :r Lrniii)rr. (\)ltsistcnt itggrrg:tt(' clLLrlitr rrnrl glrrclatiorr.
TItt eggt t'.qlLtt'colcl lcccl svstcn genelx]lv consists ol lr scries of crrlcl fctcl bjns th:rt lrle l-illtcl.
o t c h t t r q c c l .l r t l - r o n t t ' n c l l o : t c l e l su h i c h o l r t e i n t l r c x g g r c g : r t c sl r r r n r s t o c k p i l c s ( l r i g r r r e + . 1 ? ) .I t r
s ( ) l l l t c l l s e s .l a [ g ( ' s t ( ) c k l ) i l c ss e p l r : t t c c l b t b u ] k l r c l r t l sl r r c b u i l t o r e r t u n n e l s . o r $ l t t r c b c l t s t r e n s -
l)(nt thc nrJlefiul.or large st()rile( l)unkcrs or bins lrrc usecl.
Agglegett' trrrrrr trtclt stockpilt shotrlcl lrc plrccti into un ir.rcliriclLrtl colrl bin. l'hc' bir.rssltotrlcl
l r t : k c p t l r r l 1e n o L t g l rt o t n s l l r c l L t n i l i r l r t tI l o u t h r o u g h t h e f c c c l e r ' l.l n i f i r r r r r r r l c l f i ' t c l i n g i s r i t a l
l ( ) c n s L l r c c ( ) l ) r i n t t ( ) t l sr.l l l i l i ) r l t l ( ) p t r x t k ) n s t h r ( ) L r g h ( ) Lirl tl e p ] ; r n t . \ \ ' h c n c o k l b i n s e r c t l L r r g c r l .
clrre sltoulcl be cxcrcisecl (() nlinilllizc s(,gregllti()lt :tncl clegr:rclationof thc trggrcglte.
Cirltl leecl lrins shotricl not lrt or erclralgi:cl (hclipecl) t() thc p()int uhcrc nlrtcriltls cun ()\'cr
f l o x l r ' o r t to n e b i n t o x n ( ) l l r e l . \ e r t i a : l l t l i r i r l r r s p l l r c t r l h e t * c c r r l l r e l r i n s c n s r r l c t h l t t h i s r l o t - s
l l ( ) t o ( c L l r . e v c n u l t c r . tl t i n s r r r t l i L l e c il o c r r l l x c i t \ ' .T h e s e l r i r . ri l i r i r l t ' r s s h o L r l c nl ( ) t l ) e i n s l x l l r ( l o n
t h c f u c e * l t t ' r ' c t h c l < > u c l ef le e c l st l t e l r i n .
( i x l e s l o c r l t c d i t t l l t c l x ) t t o l l l o f t l r e b i n s l e e c l r o n t r o l l c c l i l n r ( ) L r n to s l t l r e c l i l - l c r e n xt g g r r g l r t c s
( ) n t ( ) l l r c ( ( ) n V C \ ( ) rc x r n i n g t h e n r f ( ) l h c ( l n e r . F e c c l e rr r r n t r o l s r c g u l l l t e t l t e r r n r O L r n0t f i l g g r ( , g l t c

PI-ANI'OPI]RATIO
 BellFeeder
Continuous

FeedeI
Vibratory

',,-.^.,(x,fR!t()\s
F
l l o l i r t s l i o r t r t l L t l t l r i r t . l t l o r i c l i n g r ( ( ) r ' r l j n u o u s .u n i f i ) r l l l ( ) \ \ o f r r p r o p c r l v i l r x ( l c c l : l . q u r e g l l t c
l r l r - ' n ctlo l l l c l t l l r l .
'l
\ o t t l t l t e I n ( ) f e c ( ) r l l r l l ( ) rcr o l t l l t c t l \ \ t ( ' n l s l l r ! : ( l ) ( ( ) n l i n L l ( ) r i sb c l t f i , t , t l e r .l r n t l ( l ) r i l r r e l O
l\ lec(ltr (l'isurc+ l.ll.
I J c l t l i ' t ' c l t l s p t ' o r i c l c r t ' t t s r x r c l c o n t r t r l ( ) l t l l L ' : l e q r ( ' g l l ( ' t l o s t t . o n t t l t r i n c l i r i c l L r r trol l t l l c c t l s .
\ l r t t t ' t i r t ll l o r t i s c o l t l t o l l t ' c l b r r t t o n r l r i n r t t i o r ro 1 l r t ' l t s P , . ' t ' c: lr n r l . q i l t ( ( ) l ) c n i n g . ' l - l r i \ ( ( ) n l r 1 ) l! i r l ) l r
l r i l i l r t t L t k t ' s l l l r ' r l t i ( l ( ' i r ll i r I r l r L r l ] rn r l r p l r u r t ' \ \ l r ( ' r ( , ] g g r c g r l t e g l i t c l l r t i t . , irs- tr o l l l r ' ( ) l l t , t l l t t l l ( , ( ( ) l ( l
'llrcr
litcl l l f ( i t l s ( )( ( ) l l n t ( ) n l r L r r - r l o r t l t t t t rl t 1 t l : r n t s

DDProperColdFeederFunction
l l ( ' ( i t L L \ ! ' i l L t t t i J ( ) n l tl l ( ) \ \ o f P r r r l r c l l r s i z r . ' r ll r g g r t ' q l t t t , s i s ( ) i l n p ( ) r f i u I t ( ) ( ( ) n s i s 1 ( n l I I \ 1 . \
ltlo
r l L l t t i t r l t .I r l t t ' r l . s l t o L r l c ll r e n l L r l t ' l r e l i r l e r L n c ri l L r l i n q P r o c l l r c l i r ) rlr( ) l ) ( , ( c f l l L i n t l t r t t t l t c l c i . i l t l s r s
1 ( ' l l l i \ l t l t t ( t i o r t r t g 1 l o 1 x ' r l i l l r L l i ) l l ( ) \ \ i n g c o n c l i t i o n s r r e i n r p ( ) r t i r r tt i r r n l r i n l r r i t r i n c L r n i l i r i n t
1 ] o r r r t t t t i( ( ) r t \ i l r ' r ' l ( \ :

( , ( ) n c ( l s i l ( ' \ ( ) 1 i t ! q f c ! l t t t s i n : t o t l ' 1 t i l t ' s : r r t r lt t r L , : l t i n s

\ o s cg | t ' u : L l i O n ( ) 1 i l ! e r ( , g l l l ( , s
\o i|rtcInririrq ()l iL!!rtgllt(, sl(\li\
. \ c ( L l r : l l ( ' l \ c l t l i l r I L t t ' r i . \ ( ' I . l r ] ( l \ r ( L l r ( , ( ll e t . c l t r g l t t e '
\ o o l t s l t L t c t i o r t s i n l t t c l e l g r 1 c 5 ( ) r i n , : o L r -l t i n s
(iollt'ct sPcerl cOr-ttr.Olscttings

\ l o t l c t r t I I f l r \ 1 ; t r - i l i t i chs r t r c l t t t i l t i n l t r t f o n t : t t i rr r t I i I r r ' ;i toIr r \ \ ' s t r l t l s . ' l l t e s c s r s l t , t r r sl t r l r r v i r l c l \

l r t l \ t ' c r t l t l l L n l t t r : t n t t f r c t r - r f t ' rus n. c l l l l c r c f ( ) l c . e n V c l c ' t r r i l r -c' cl ils c r r s s i o ti rs l r r V O n r l t l r c s c O l t c O l t l t i s
t l l r L t l r t r t l . ' l l t tt t t a n t t f l L c t t t r c1L; t o r i t l t s t l l c J ) L l n to r V n c r \ i l l r r l c t l r i l c c lp l : r r r tt r L l i l t r e t i o ni n s t r u c t i ( ) 1 t 5 .
i L l l ( lt l l c 1 ) l i l n to P ( ' r i l i ( ) rs l r O u l c l i r l l o \ t h r ( ) u g l i \ \ i l l r l l r t ' s r ' P | 1 ) c r - , c l r r rl c( )5c l l 5 L t r e1 t | o r l L r r rt l r L r l i t t .

l ' r o r D l l t t c o l c l l r i n s . ; r g g f e g l r t c sl L r t c l e l i r r r c t l t O l l t e
Aggregate
Aryingandlleating clncr rlrLtIrr.
'firc
c l n e r a c r r r n r p l i s l r t sf \ O t h i n g s . I t
(lfi('s thc llggrcgrltcs. lttttl rltises thc tetrlperutLlrc ()t tlr('ilg.l-lfcgrtc k) thc rc(lLrirecllerrllc[LtLlrc
'l'hc
clltcl is a rerOhing crlinrler [rnging IiI ;rlr)lrl 1.5 l() 3 utcters (i k) 10 fecl) in tli;rnre
t t r : l r l ( l 6 t o l l I l ( { c r s ( 1 0 t ( ) . i 0 f i ' t t ) i r . rl e n g t h . I t i n t l r r c l c su n o i l o r g a s l r u r n c r u i t l t u b k ; s c r
f l t n t o l x o r i c l c t l l r p r i n r x r v a i r t i r r c < > n l r t r s r i o no f l l r e f L r c l ( l ' i g u r e + . 1 + ) . A n e x h l L r r s ft l r n c r c r t ( s i l
c l l r L t it h n r r r g l t l l l e ( l 1 1 ( r ' . ' l ' l t cc x h a r r s t f l r n i s l o c l t e c l l r c l o n c l t l r t c l n ' r ' r .l r t t l t e e n c l o f l l r t c l r r s tc o n -
t r ( ) l c ( l l l i l l n r c r ) t( c l i s c u s s t r li n t h c n e \ t s c ( t i c l n ) .
'I'ltc
c l r u n r i s e l s o c c l u i y r y r c rsli t l t l o n g i t u c l i n u lt r - o u g h so r c h e n n c l s . c ; r l l t c l f l i g h r s . r r h i c l r L i l r
l l r ( ' r t g g r c g r t t ea n r l r l r o p i t i n r c i l s t l r r o u g h t l r c l r r i r g : r s t . s( l r i g r l r c i . 1 5 ) . T h c s k r p e o f l l r c c l n c r ' .
l ( ) l l l l i ( x l s p c c L l .( l i x t t t e t t r . l e n g l l r l t n r l t h c l t r r e n g t r n e n t : l n ( l n u m l ) c r o l l l i g l r t s c o r n b i n c t ( ) ( l e t c r -
nrinr:rlre tinlc llr('itgsregatc liil slttncl in tltc tiner.
'l
l l c r c e r t t l o l l t s j c t \ p e s ( ) t t L r r e l s . a n c l l i i c \ l l r c l t : l l t ) c ( l l i r l l t t t t ' l r r t i o n s l t i pl t t r r r e c n t l r e
flttl ol tlte il.q.qrcgiltcencl llrt florr of lhc rril rr ithin the rlrr er. lltglLlclltss of the cllr cr str le. tlrt:
plincilrlcs of rln ing llggreg:lt(' ltrc tltc silnte
 T h eD 0 u b lBea r r eml i r e hr a sa r 0 l a t i ni n
gn e r
drumanda slationary outer drum. Thisunique
desiqn pr0duces 0ptimum llovJ0fmaterials.

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 l ..ltl, l.I t 'r , : 1 r : l q , ; ' 1il1; 1, ,1, :1. , L t ,1 1 . 1 q . ,1, ,.;.tt 1 ; , ,

I l l r t n t l L ' l . l k t t ( l r \ t r s ( l - ' i g L l r cI l ( r ) . l l t r , l t g g r . , . , g l r t t : r n 1 c l t t ,r t i l l l o r i r r l l t L , s l r n r t ,( l i r ( ' ( . t i ( ) n

( l ( ) l ( l i t g g f ( ' . q i r t iLs i n l l o c l l r ( t l i n t o l l t c r l r i c r . : l t
t l t c s l L n t r( , n ( l i r s t l t c l ) L r l ( r ( l l t e \ ( ) u t ( ( ( ) l t l i c
l r i r - ) .l n t l l l t c r r l r t r . , r ' i r rl l so l t o s : r r t l l l t t , o l l t c r . e n c l o f t h e r L . r c r .
l i , , t u t t ,t / l , , t r , l r r , ' , , j i . t . i . I l - , . r . r , .. r g _ r . ,
1 . r t t . r r r , l. r . r f 1 o r , ri n o p p o s i l c c l i l e c t i o n s
( ( ) u n [ c f l ( ) e : l ( l ] ( ) t l l e f ' l ' i t r -t' t g g r . r , g l r tics i n t t . O r l L r r . t , r l
i n t o t l t c , c i t .(t ' r : l l l l t L t ' n c l o 1 t 1 r < t s l t cl l ( ' l ) L L f l t c r
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t l t t ' f l r t n r c l t l o c l u c e sl \ \ 1 ) p ( ) t c n t i : l l p l o l r l c r n s . F i l s t . t l r c e s p l r e l t l r i n r l c r n l r r b c o r i r l i z e t l ( ) r s t f i p p e c l
o l i l s l o l v o l l t t i l e c o l t t p o n t ' n t s .u h i c l r p x r r l L r c cb l L r c s n r o k c i n l l r c s l : r c k .S c r r r n r l .t h c l g g l r g - r t c i :
l t o t d d e c l r t s n t : l l l t t ' l i r c 1 ) e i n g( ( ) x t c ( 1 T . I i r f l c i l i t t ( ) l ) ( ' n l t ( ) rn r L r s l( ) l ) t i n r i z et l l c l o ( x l i ( ) n o f t h c
rtslthltlt ltintler inlct lo nrinintizt- thr lrrrrolurt ol clust unrl snrokc in tltc ltollutiolr (1)nlr()l s\'5trll
\\llile ilt lll(' s:I|t tinlc nlecling tlre HXIA rlroistLlrr ( ()ntrnl rcclrLircrncnts()l the spccii\'ing ltgencl'.
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e r t t i s s j o nc ( ) n t r ( ) ls v s t c n r i n l l r ( ) s tI I N I A t u c i l i t i e sg c n c r : r l l \ c ( ) n s i s t roi f p r i l l r r t ' u n c l s c c -
oltclttrt clrtsl trrllcctols. The clrrst collcctols xre situiitr(l xt tllc cnd ol tlte clrter ancl filtcr thc .til
l l l i L t r n t r r s l l t t h r l ) L r r n c rt r n c l c r i t s l l t t l l e e x h x u s t f l r n ( F i g u r e + . 1 9 ) .
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tltinecl in tltc cxllLttst .qlls stre.lrn. Thc tr'piclrl ;lrinr:r11 collcctors lrc tlre knocliorrl lrox lLnclllrc
ct ckrr-tccollerlor'-

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l ) ( ' l i l l s ( ) c ( ) r l t l l i r l s1 ) l i l l e sl ( ) c l f . t s c : r c h : t n g e j n t l i r e r t i o n O f l r i r f k r \ \ ' . ' l h e s p e t c l r c c l r r c t i o nl r t r t l
c l i r c c t i o t .rt' l t u t . t g t ' cs r t t t s ct ) r c c l t r s tp a r t i c l c s t ( ) ( l r ( ) p o u t o f t h c i l i l s t t t r L l ) t1 o t l t c l x r t l o r n o f t l r i :
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i l l ( ' ( ) r t t l t c l t r i r t t i l t l c o i t c t i t t i f t r g l i l s ( ' l ) i l r i L l i ( ) nI l t e t ' x l l t r r : t t r c l l n t ! \ ( l ( 5 l r r o L r r t ci lr t s i t l e t l t c c r r l -
l c ( t ( ) l ( F i g u r t + . l l ) . r t n r l p l r r t i c l c s l r i t t l r r ' o L r r s i d cr r r r l l r L n c (l l r ( ) p t o t l l c l l r t r o n r o 1 t h c r ' \ ' c l o n c ' .
S p t ' e t l l u t c l c l i r c t t i o n a l c i l t l t g e s e l s o i L s s i s ti.l s t l l c e \ h l l L l s t i s c l i s c l r a l g c ctll r r o t L g l rt l r e t ( ) l ) ( ) l t l i e
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lrncl nlr\ lrc Lctlrrrtcclt() llrt plllt-tt ()r \\'xstc(1.
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f i g L r r : t t i o r -or sf I r u l t i p l < ' . s r n r t l l c l c r c l o r r c s : i l l t ( l t r l u l t i - t u l ) c .m l r l t i - c 1 c kr r . r cc o l l c c t o l s . I n t l t e p t s l . t l l e
c ' t l o n c c o l l c c k r r l l a s I r t c r t t h e n r ( ) s l ( o n r l r ( ) n t v p c r r s c c l .l r n c l n t r L l t i ; l l ec y c l ( ) n e c ( ) n l i g L l r x l i ( ) r . l s
tvctc <tften eliicict.tt t'nortgh t() scr\e ils tlrt solr cltrst collcctor. cspecilllv in rurll lreas.
l l o u c r c r . \ \ ' i t l l l l l u x ( i v c n t ( ) l n r ( ) r e s t r i n g c n t p o l i r L t k r nc o n t r o l l l r u , s a n d t l r c s u l r s e c l L r e ndte l e l ( ) p
ltlcrtt ()l ltigltlv effecti\c sccoltrlln'r'ollectors. knockout lroxcs <])rsingle ctc'lones ure nr()s[ (()nr
rnonlt r,rseclas primlrn collet:tols in conjunction $ ith a scconclln r'ollector'.

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['iqul'r {ltriilllrlDl* (,ri]lt'ctor}

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sccortr-lltn collcctors in c()ntnt()n rrsc elr tltt' lreglror-rsc.encl tlrr uct scrrrbbcr.

Baghouses A brrglrriusc is u lrLlgc nrelel Irorrsing (ontuining Iruncllccls ol hcat rcsislunt llltcr
l l r l r r i c b l r g s . A t r p i c l l u n i t n l l l \ r r r r - r l ; r i rl r s n r : l n v i r i i 0 0 b l g s . I l ( ) l ) e r i t l e so n t l r e p r i n c i p l r s i n r i l r r r
1 ( )l \ l ( L r L r r r c l c a n c r ' .T l r c c l L r slt: r r l t n r x l r a u s t g l r s c s : u t p L r l l e c tl l r l o r . r g l rf i l t c r l x i g s s u p p o l t c c l o n
i o n g u i r c c l t g e s ( F i g t r r r + . 1 , 2 )l.' l r e c l L r s it s t l l r l r p c c l( ) n r l r r ( l i r t \ ' : r i l s i r l c o f t h e l r u g u s l h c r t r r '
l l t s s t s t h r o r r g l t t i l c l i h c r c l o t l r t o t l r t ' r l t l n r L i rs i r l r ' . l l r L r st l r l L r r i n g t l r r r l u s t l l r r r u l l t t e x l l t r - L s t
s t l t l L n r .\ \ ' l r c n p t o p c r l r o p c l t t c ' c l . l r l r q l t o L r s t st l L n l r t ' r t ' r r c l l i r i t ' n t . r c n t ( r \ i n g 9 9 l ) c l c e n t ( ) f 1 ] r t
rl i r s t f l o n r t l r c t l n t ' r 't x h t L L r s t .
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c l r l n r c t h o t l s . ' l h ! ' n l ( ) s t c ( ) n r n x ) n n l e t l r ( ) c lj s l ( ) r e v e r s e t h c l i r l l o l t h o t r g h t l t b l g s u i t h p u l s l r t
ing jtts.
l ' l t e l r e g l r o L r s ri s t l i v i c l r t l i n t o s c c t i ( ) n s .U ' h i l e t h c c x h ; r L r s gt l r s < ' sl r r t ' t l i v r n t ' c l f r o r r r o n c s c t '
t i ( ) n 1 ( )1 l n ( ) t 1 i ( rt.h c l l t g s i n t l r e L r n r r s e csle ( t i ( ) n 1 r e c l e l L n t c l T l r e c l u s l l c r r r o r e t l l r r r r l t l r e l r a g s
rlroyrs to Ilrc bcittonr of thc blrghorrsc.:rncl is rcnrorecl to l)r \\ lstc(l ()r reinc()rp()rrtcrl into thc
lr i\.

Wet Scrabber Thc pur'1-:rose of e lrct scrLrbbcr is l() cntnrp (lust plfli( lrs in \\'uler clroplets ltncl
r e r t t o r e t h c r t t I i r r t t t l r e e x l r a r r s lg r s e s . T I r c r r : l r r c l r r l r r l l r e r o f s t , , l c so f r l t l s < r ' l r l r l r c r :sL \ x i ] u l ) 1 e
t l l t t e l l u o l k o n l l t e s : r r r r p l i n c i p l r . \ \ ' i l t c r i s b r ( ) k c n u p i n t o s n l r l l c l r o p l c t sl i n t l t h ( ) s c ( l r ( ) D l e l s
r r r t l x o r r g l r t i n k ) ( l i r e c t ( ( ) n t l ( t \ \ ' i t l l l h c c l u s t - l l r r l e ng u s c s . I n t h c ( a s ( ' o f t l r c c r n l r i l u g e l s e ,

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s c | l r l r l r c r( F i u u | c + 2 . 1 ) .g l L s c s1 r ' o n rt l r c c l n c r ' : r r c i n t r ( ) ( l L r ( ( ' (ilr t O r r c l l r r r l X ' r ' t l r | o L r g l to r t t ' i n l e t

\ \ l r i l c \ \ i l t L r i s s p l t i e r l i n l o t l r t t l r a r l l r t r ' 1 r o r r n o z z L t sr t r o r r n rtl l r r ' p c r i p l r t l r .
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\ \ c t s i l L r l r l r t l sl t c l r . r i l ta s c t l l i n gl ) l L s i nl ( ) r e ( r i \ ( t l i c s t r u l r l r e lr r l l t ' r . l r t ' s ( ' t t l i n gl ) l t s i r r- sl
c l c s i g r t c t ls ( ) t l l r l t t h ( l i n e s s c t t k ' ( ) L r t i L 5t h e \ \ l L l e l l ) l l s s r s l l r t o t t g l t r r s t t i c s o l c l a n r s : u t c ls l t i l l s l t r s .
{ i 1 ( r t l r ( f i l r ( s s ( { t l ! o L r t .r ' l t ' l r r ru l r t r - ' ri s r r r l r i l l r l r l ct o r r c r r s t i n l l r ( ' \ \ s t r l n .
S t ' re | l L l r l | l L \ l l L r l \ 5 t ( ) l l r c \ \ e l s ( f u l ) l ) c [ s i l | ( ' ;

. ' l l r c r l L r s tl e r r o r t ' t l t l o n r t ] r r - ' e \ l l l r u s lg l t s c s i s n o l l r r : r i l a l r l cl o l l e i r t co r ' p o l t l i o n i n t ( ) l l r ( n r \ .

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. (llclnul) rrrtl PnrPer tlislrosrro l l t h e s c t t l e r l r ( r 1 f c ( l L l i r ci l ( l ( l i t i ( ) n l Lrl' l l o l t s .

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s l l o s o r s l i l , g r , / r l l l sl o r ' l t n r l r o l a r \ s 1 ( ) r : r g to l l l \ 1 . \ . \ t ' s l r r r r r r l c I I \ 1 , \ i s r l c p o s i t t ' c ll r r t r r n r c t o r '
o | ] r O lc l t ' r l t l o I i n t o l l r c t o l r o 1 t l t c s i I r o l l r i r i a n t l r : c l i s t l t t r g t i l i n t ( ) l f L r ( k st r ' ( ) t nl l l ( ' l ) ( ) l l ( ) r r .
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r u i r r r p l o 2 t l r o r r l sr r i l l r r r o s i g n i f i t : r r tl ( ) s s( ) f l r t l r t o l r l r l r l i l r . ( i : r l r r t c i l i t n' sn g c t s h i g l r l s s c r t t '
l L l l r L r n c i | t ' c1l( ) n s .N ( ) l r i n s u l l L t ( ' (sl t o r l g c s t r l l c t u r c s . . q c n c i r l l r ' ( 1 l l l t ( l s u f g e l r i n s ( l r i g r r r c + f 5 ) . l l r (
r r s L l r l l r s r n l r l l t ' rl r n r l c l t n s t o t c l t o t r t t i - ro n l r l i r l s l t o r t p c t i o r l s o l t i n r t ' .
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t h c r t t i x i 1 n o t r L s c cll) r ( ) p ( r l \ . A b l t t c l r t r s l I \ r l c l l r e t r s t c l i n c o n j l t n c t i ( ) n \ \ i t l r l h c s i l o t ( ) k t ' t ' p s c u
r ( ] g i l l i ( ) r t- (i ) . r n r i n i l r L l n . l h c n r i r i s c o r . r r c r e c li n t ( ) l l ) x t c h c r l l t t h c t ( ) l ) r > f t l r t s i l o . O n c r u P | e c l e
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l c r r r i n e c l l r x r u n t i s c l e l ; o s i t c c il n t l t e lratchcr'. it relcescs thc nrix inl() the silo in lt singlc mltss.

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l ) u r i n g c () n t i n u ( ) L l s( ) p e n t t i o n . t l l e mi-r ler cl in th(' st()rirg(fsilo sltoulcl bc nlrinteinccl
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I I O t r r r i x e s p l n l t i s l L r L r l e ctlo p e r i n g s i t t , si n r l n o u s n p c s O f t l . u ( k s . I l l t r l i n g t n l c k s \ ' 1 r 1 b V
s i z t r r n c lt \ l ) c . l ) L r 1r n r i i i r l n i i t r o l c t l u i p r r i e n t i s i c r r c l t r j : - l r b l ei n : r n t r t s p h l t l tp l t \ i l l g o p c r l r t i ( ) r ' 1 .
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Il\1.\ nrrst 1rc\t'ight'il lt tlr(' I)lirnt.
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t u r i n r c l h o c l s :( l ) r r c i g ) r i n g l o l r r l c c lt l r - r c k so n s c l r k s . o r ( l ) u s i n g r l p l x n t s i l L l t ( ) n l l l t i cr c c o r c l i n g
s ) s t c l r l ( i n t h c c r r s c o f t r r l l l - r r u t o n l r t c c lp h n t s ) . l f r i h c n t n r c k s c a l c s a r e u s c r l . t h c r r l r t s t b c o f l l t e
n P , - t h u t c l i r c c t l l i n c l i c r r t c st h t t o t ; r l \ ' < ' i g l r t o f r l r e t I u c k . T h e V n r l r s t b e h o t i z o n t l t l u n c l o i s u f l i -
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i s t l r c l r c a r r s c i l l e ( [ : i g L L r c+ . 2 ] ) .
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Iorrrls lr rrrrck nith some tvl)c of lllrtcrilll. ,,r'cighs thc loetlecl trr-rcliort the sc;tlt's, ltncl llten
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l ) r r l i n g l r n o r n l r l r l l t s ( ) 1 ) ( l l l t i ( ) n t. h c s c : l l c s h o r . r l cllr e t l r e c l < e c l r e c l u e n t l t k ) n l l l k c s u r c l l l l l i l
i s i n l r e l u n c c . t r l u c l o r t i t l r e r l i r r e i g n n r e t t e r l c l i o n t h c p l r r t t i r l r nl l l l r e t r L r t k s c . r n t h r ( ) \ \ t i r c s ( 1 r l t
o r r l o f l l r l e n r t : . I t t l r c l t ' i s r t n l i t t l c f o r c - i g nl n l l t e r o n t h e p l e t l o r n r , t l r r s c a l t c e n l r c l e b l t l l t n c c c l

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l t l l r t f i r l n t n i l l l l L r c t o l r e c l e : r n c c l .I l . l r l i c l t h e p l t r t f o r r r i s c l t r t n c t l . l l r t s r r t l e s t i l l t k r c s I r o l l l : t l
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l l l i ) l ( ) r sr L l t ( is l ) r ( ) ( l \ c l r t n c l c h l r i n t l r i r c s . . \ l l P r r i l c r s a n c l l r t l t s l n c l r l r i r e n i e < l t r r r r i sr s s l t o r r l r l l t (
c t l t e t t ( l o r o t h t t u i s t ' l t l r f t ' c f c t l . I - < x r s ec l t t t h i t t g t l l l r l ( : u - l g ( ' l c t r L r . q l itnt r t t l r c l r i r t c l ts l t o L r l c nl c t e r
l r c r r o r r r r r l l r n l t s l r l L t l lp l ; t n l .
{ i r x t / h t t t s < ' k t ' r l ti i, lqi s t : s s t ' n t i l r l i r p l a n t s ; L t i ' t r .T h c p l . l n t l n ( l v l r r l s l t o L r l t l t c k e p t f i c t , o f
I t r r s c \ i r c r i r l i n t ' s . l t i y r c s .l l O s t s o t ( ) t h e l ( ) l ) s f r r ( l ( ' sS. L r t h h l r z l r r c l se s I r i g l r r o l t t r g c l i n c s . f i c l t l
( o r t l t ( ' ( l i ( ) r l s .o l s t l g t o t t n c l s L r l l : t r t s s l t o L r i t l ) e n o t c ( 1 .. \ n v l r x r s e ( ( n t n ( ' ( l i ( ) n s . f l l t r c c l i n s r r l : r t i < t r r .
o r i n r l r r ' o p t ' r ' l vq l o r r n t l c c l e ( l L l i l t r n c n ts h o L r l t ll r t ' r t , l t o r t t r l i l r l r c t l i a l t l r ' .
l ) l r t t t l t r t t r | I ' r s s l u r t t l t lt t o l u \ ) r L t ) l t 5 l ( ) ( k l ) i l e us l t i l t ' t l . t t ' l t l t t t t li s i n ( l ) u n t ) t t \ ( ) ( ) l t e s l t ( ) l t l ( i
r r r t l l i o r s t t t . t t i( ) l l l l l ( ' s t ( ) c k l ) i l e s ( ) r o n t h c l r r r n l i t ' r ' so r t ' r ' t l t t l i c c l c r g r L l r o p ( ' n i n g s . \ h n r p t | s o n s
I t l r c I r t ' r ' l t 1 t t r l l c c cl l o r r n i n t ( ) t l l c l r i l t ( ' r i i l l r n t l l r r r l i c c l: r l i \ ( , s ( ) ( l u i ( k l \ t l l t t t l r c l l l t r l n o r r a r n i r r l .
I l t t r r r c r . f l t t n t e s : l | t cIlr i g l r l c n r l ) ( r - Ii lL r r c sl r | o r r n r l q r l r L nct l r f ' t , r ' rsr l t ' ( ) l r r i O r - rlsr a z u r c l s I. n s t t r l l i n gr O n ,
I t o l v l l l r e s l l l r L l( i l r r l ) c o l t t n t l c - c lf x r r n l s l t l c c l i s f r r n c co r r l r l l l r r t l l i n c s l r r l p s r t t l r r c c l l r t , c l : r n u c r ' .
I r l r t t t t t ' s l t l c t rc l t r i c t s r L l s os h o t t l t l l r r : i n s t l t l l c c lo n . r l l l L r c l l i n c s . S r r o k i n . qs h o u l c l r t o t l r c y r t n t r i n c c l
l l c l l r l l s p l l i l l l o t t i t c l s t o l a g e l u n k s . F r c r l r r e n ti l r c c k s s h o u l t l l r c r r t r t L : t i r r l c r r k s i n o i l l t e l r t i n q l i n c s
I t r r t l s t t l t r t t l i t t t s r t r j l t c k e t t n u( ) n 1 l r ( l r s p l l r L lrl l i s t [ i l r r r t i o nl i n e s . S e f i , r VV t r l r e s s l r r r r l c l] r t i n s t l r l l c r lr n
l l l l s t L ' l t l l l i t t r ' s .l t t t t l t h ( \ l l u s t l r c i n u o r k i n . q o r c l c r .S c r c c r r s .l l L l r - i c r . q L l r l r l sr.r n c ls h i t l t l s s h o r r l c ll r c
i l l s l r t l l c t lr t s l ) r ( ) t e c r i ( ) ll.llr ) n r s t ( ' r n r . l l ( ) l i L s l ) h 1 t l ht .t l l s r r t . l : t c e s; r. n r l r i r t l j l : I r l l r r r g t | s .
 \{'hcrr hrrnrlling ht'rttttl ttspl:utll.r'lrenricul goggles:rnci u Ilcc shiclcl shoultl bc Lrsecl.All sltit
c o l i r r l s s i r o u l c l b e u o r n c l o s e c le n c l c u f f . sl r r r t t o n r c la t t h r \ \ r i s t . ( i k r r e s r r i t h g l u n t l c t s t h x t c x l e n c l
u [ ) l l r c a r n r s h o r r l r i b c s o r n k r o s c l r s ( ) 1 i r 1 Ll lt] e \ c l n l ) c l l i i ) J X ( l o l l c l r s i l l i f c o r ' < ' r c c\l\ ' i l h I r ( ) l
a s p l l r l t . I ) e n l s u i t l r o L r t c r r f f . ss l r o u l c l r x t t n c l ( ) \ ' c r l ) ( x ) t 1 ( ) p s .
llrlreDtr cart' slxttltl be etercised u'h(n clintbiltg rrotntt.l lhc :t't't't,rl r/r,c[ obserr ir.tg tht
s c r c c n s a r t c ll r o t l r i n s o l r o l l e r l i n g h o t l r i n s l r n r p l t s . T l r c r e s h o u l c l l r e c o r e r c c l o r ' l r r o l c c t c c l l r t r l
t l r l s o r s l l i r \ l l \ s l o l ) r o \ i ( ] c s r r t el c c c s s l ( ) l r l l p l l r l s o f t l r e p l r r n t . . \ l l s t i l i r s x n ( l p l l t t l i ) f l I s s h o u l ( l
l r e p r o r i c l c c l u i t h s e < u l e -l r a n c l r e i l s A . l l u r x k c r s : L r o r r n c l l l r c p l i L n ts i l c s l i o u l c l l t l s r [ s r r e r u l t h u t t l
l l t t s l t c r - t n ( ) t L r n ( l e r( r ) \ t r .
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l r ( t f f i r l x r t l c l r z . ss l r o L r l t 1
i rcplenncrl rrith botlr silli{\ iln(l convcnit'nct'in nrinrl.'lr-Lrcks
cntcling tlte pllnt lo pick rrp lr lolrrlof lrot nrix shoukl nol llll\e l() (r()sstlre plllr ol-loaclc'cl
l r L r c l i s1 t ' e v i n gt h t l ) l 1 u r t .l n l r c l t l i r i o n .t l r . r c k ss h o t r l t l n o t h l r r c t o b l r t k r r p .

l : i i l t ( l l p l i l n l s g t l l l r r i r r t : u t r ef | o r I r l l l ( ' l i r ( t t h i r l ( l u r i r . r go i ) c f t l r i ( ) n
BatchPlants I t l r c Y p | o c l l r c c H \ l A i r r l r u t c l r c s .o n r l ) l l ( l r r l u ( i n l c . ( ) r ) r x l t e r t h (
'I'he
otlicr. s i z c o l e l l L l c l r v r r l i t ' sr r c c o r c l i n gt ( ) t l r ( ' ( 1 l p l l ( i l \ o f l l r t ' p l r r n l s p L r g r r r i ltl t l r e r t t i x i n g
r ltalttlrcl r,,ltct t' lLgglcultlt: l r n r l r L s p h : r llt[ e l ) l r n ( l c ( l t o g r l h r r ) . I ] l l t c l r s i z c s ( i L n \ ' ! l r f l f ( ) r r r 1 . 8 0 ( )1 o
1 . 2 0 0 k i l o g [ e r t r s( . r . 0 ( X
) l ( ) l ( ) . ( X l 0p ( ) u n ( l s) .

DlHistory of BatchPlants
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l r t s i r ' ( ) p e r l l t i ( ) n s( ) l H , \ l A P r o c l r r c t i o n- t l l r i n g . s c r e c n l n g . p n ) p ( ) r t i o n i n . q . : r n r ln r i x i r . r g
\ \ c r e l i r s t c o n r l r i n e c li n t o a n u s p h a l t p l l r n t l r r o r r n r l l i l r 0 . I l i L r l ) p l u n t s . r L l l l r o u g l rc l u c l e l r r t o t l l t r ' s
s t l t t t r - l l t r c llsi r.n n c r l t l t c l r e s i s l i r l I I \ l A p r - o t l u t t i o n r l L r i n g t l r e n i n r l c e n t l l c c n t L l r \ .
I l r l 9 0 0 . p l u n t s h l r r l b e t n i r r r p r o r e c lt o i n c l u t l e l r g g r c g l t c i r i n s . c o l t l c l c \ l l t ( ) r s . l r t l r r l r l r l ' t l s .
l r ( ) t ( ' l c \ ' 1 t ( ) l s .e s p h l r l t t : r n k s . r r r . r cml i x i n g p l r r t f i r r n r s I. f x i r . r g 1 ] ) l r r t l i r r n lris' l r t l r I l l r n : l g g l c . q l r t cn r ( ' x
s t t l i n g l r o x . l t n l t s p h l t l t l r u c k c t . u n c l : r p r . r g r r r i lnl r o r r r t l e c l t i g l r e r t o L r g l rt o l t l l o u ] r o r s c - c li l \ \ l l c i l r t s
to pllss LII(Irrne.ltll.
l 3 r l 9 J l ) . p l r n t s u e r r p r o c l r r c i n s8 0 0 t ( ) 1 . 0 ( ) 0l ( ) n s p r l e i g l r l l r r r r r c l x \ . I n t l r c 1 9 - J 0 sr t n c l
1 9 1 0 s .l ) e t t c r c o k l l c c c l s r s l c r l s l e - s r r l t c chl r r n r t l r e i n t r ( ) c l u ( 1 i ( ) n ( ) f ( ( ) n \ e \ ( ) r b c l t s r t n c lt h c
i r r r p r ' o l t ' r r r r : not f q r L t t ' l r n r l l c t r l c r s . I - l t r g c r( l r \ e r s c l r l t c i n t o c r r n t n x r r l r r s c . ( l r r ' l o n c t i L r s tt r r l l c t '
s
1 o r s .s p r i n g l r s s s ( r l r s . u r r l ( ) n r : L t iccl r c t r ( ) n i c u c i g h i n . q s v s t c m s . t i n l c l o c k s o n t l r e n r i x i n g t t c l c s .
lln(l lcnrPtrlltlll(j tccoLcicLsltltltcltrecl.
L l r r g c r .h i g l r t r c l r P l r c i n p l l L n t sc l o n r i n l L l e ci l c r c l o p n r e n t i r ) t h c 1 9 5 0 s .A c k 1 1 ; t i o no l l L r r t o n r . l t i t
l r r t r t t ' t c o n t r o l s 1 u r ( li l u t ( ) l l l t i ( ) n o l t l r c l r l o 1 r o l l i o r r i r t gr u t t l c r c l i n g l i r n r t i o n s i l l s ( ) a i l n r ( i l r t ( ) u s ( '
t rtllv in tltis periotl.
'lhe
I 9 6 i ) s s l t r r l L p l o l i l r r e t i ( ) n ( ) f i r u t ( ) n r i r t i (( ( ) l r l 1 1 )sl v s l ( ' n r s .l i t h f r r l l x L r l o n l r L l i ( m of lhc prri-
ll()rli()nin1r r t n r l n r i r i n g I)r()c('ss. l r \ s e l l r r s : r r r l o r r l L t e c
l t
i r l n r r ( ( ) r ' r 1 f ( )
s l\ \ t ! n r s .
T l r e r n o s t s i g n j t j c l l n t r l c v r | r p n r c r - r t (s) l t l l r 1 9 - ( ) i ,\ \ e r r t l l ( , r n l r l g e n c e ( ) l c o n r l ) u t c f i z c ( l l ) l l l n t
( ( ) n t r ( ) l s Y s t c r l t s t, h c L r s e( ) 1k [ t c l c e l ] s . a r i t l i r r P | o r c t t r t l s j n n o i s c ; l n d ( l L r s 1t r r r t l I O I .s l c r t t r t t i r t g
f l o n r i n c r c l s i n g h c l l t h l r n c ls l l l c t \ r e g L r L r t i ( ) n s .
'l
h e I 9 8 0 s i l n ( l 1 9 9 0 s l r r o u g l r t < r r n l i r r r : i n gl t f i n c r l r n t ( ) l ( ( ) n l l ) l r l c r t o n t l o l s u n t l i r r t p l o r e c l
r l c c L l l l c \ r t n c l n r g g c t l n e s so l l o r c l r t ' l l s . r s s t l l l L se f f i t i c n l < r n r p L r t t l i z c r l c r r l i l r l l L t i o nr r l r t l o l s .
\ \ i t l r t l r r - ' i n t p r o r t ' c l( ( ) n i l ) L l l c f i l e ( lr r r n l r r i l s . s ( ) n r c i ) l l ( l l 1 r l : r n l se l t l L l ) l cl ( ) ( ) l ) c r x t e l i t l r o t r t t l t t

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t ( ) l x l ) l : l c c ( l i n o n t l l l i n a n c l l r a t c l t e c lf l . o r r rt h : r t s i n g l e b i n ' l l t i . o l - i t l s r l t t , r L r l r s t l a g c o f b c r r r g
l u l r l r k r s n i t c h n l i \ t r l r c l \ l c s \ \ ' i t l x ) u t r ( s c t t i n , qt l t t , s r . r e c nc l r t . k . l l t t l 9 ! ) l t s l l s o l t r r i u g l r t r r r o r e -
e l - f l ti t ' n t t l t t s t c o l l t c t i o t l a l t c l l e t u l r t s v s l c r n s .' l h i \ r n e b l c , s t i t t ' i n ( i L r 5 t 1t1( ) l t e t t c r t r r n t r . o l t h c
. n ) ( ) . n t ( ) l n r e t c r i a l p a s s i r r ut h e 0 . ( ) - 5 . t r | { \ . . l ( X ) ) s r e \ ! , i r r I l \ l - \ n t i r t r r r . s .
'llttoLtghottl
r l l l t l r c t l r l L n g c sl ( ) t h c l ) l r t c h p l l r n t . t h t t i r r r c i l u r r c l r t l l
'Ihc I ) r ( ) ( . e s -s c l 1 i n . q . s c r e e n i l g .
J)r()l)(x1i(xlillg, l l n L l l l l i \ i l t g - I r l s l c r t i l i l t t c l . l r e : i t rlesign of tir( r(luil)nr(n1 firr pcrfirrnrrng
t h c s c ( ) J ) e l l l i o l t s I t e s c l r a n g c c l l i t t l e s i n c r , l 9 . l 0 i ( ) l l l \ t l t c s i z c e n r l c l t l t e c . i l th, l r r c i n c r c l s e c l .

|DEeneral
. \ s c l i s c t t s s c ccla r l i c r ' .t l t c l t a s i c o p c l l t t i o n s o l l r o l l r l l r t c h e n r l c l r u r n n r i r p l l n t s l r r c s i n r i l u r
crctllt lor tllc xggrtgxlc ltnclltsplltlt mixir-ru
lroceilLrlcs Xllteriltl srolrgc:rncl ilrndling.:rggrc
g e l c c o l t l f t ' e t l s . e g g l t - g l l t t 'i l e e l i t t g e n r l c l r ri n e . c n r i s s i O r r s( \ ) n t r ( ) 1 .r r n c lH X I A s t ( ) r r l g ci u t ( l
hantlling
I t t t ' l l l l < 1 r t i 1sci r t t i l r t rf o l l r l L t c he n t l c l r L t n r t t i x p l l r n l s . l l r o s e s i n r i l l r r
l t r o c c s s c s : r r . tc o r c r . t c l i n p r r :
I l o L l s s c ( l i ( ) n s i n t h i s ( l l i l l ) t e r . ' l l t i s s c c t i ( ) n u i l l f i r c r r so n t l r e l l r t r ' l t p l l r n t ( | i g u r c . + . 2 i i ) ; r r r r t c l r r r c s
l t l t ' r t l r c l l g g r r g : l t c I t : r s l t c c r . rr l r i c c l e n r l I r c u t t , r li n t h c r l n c r .

P L\ \ ' t ( ) P l i R , ! tl ( )
 of HotAggregate
||Screening andStorage
Alicl thc:lgglcglrtc hrLsbcen lreetecl encl clrierl. it is clepositecl lionr the (lner int() thc hol
-l
clc\ ltt()r. ht hot eleYatol is ln cnckrsccl bLrckd ( ()n\ e\ ()r' thet cerlirs the rggrcllxtc t() tl)e k)p
o f t h t l r a t c l r i r . r tg( ) \ \ c r . A t t h i s p o i n t . t i r r : ; L g g l e g u t ci s r l r r p p e c l ( ) n t ( ) t h c s c t c c n i n g u n i t . I ] ( r c .
l i r e l l ( ) 1x g g r c g x t c p i l s s c s o v c r e s c r i e s o f s c l e c r . r st h i l t s c p x l x l c i l i n t o r l r r i o t t s s i z e f t e t t i r i r . t sl u t r - l
cleposit those fiuctions in hot lrins.

Sueening Unit The scrccning unit incllrtlcs r set ()l sc\ cml cliff!rent sizc r ilrntting st tcens
i n s i c i ea l e r g e h ( ) u s i n g ( F i g r u ' c+ . 2 9 ) . ' l h e s ( r c c n s s e p l n l t c t h e x g g r c g x t e i n l ( ) s p ( c i f j c s i z c s .T l l e
lirst scruen is lr sclrlping s(rern llut reln()\'es or crsjzccl rggrtgxtc. This is folklvt'cl l)\ t\\o ()rthrct
'l'hc
scrcrrrs. rlccrclrsing in sizc flonr krp t() l)()ttorr.l. sizcs of tlre screcns to bc ustcl lill clepclrtl
on llre par'tir.:ullrr' plrrnt lrncl tllc grll(llti(n ()f thr lrggrcgrte fi>r the mix t() l)e pr()(lucc(l ( lrigUre
i.30). Tlle screclts lirc clcsignccl t() llll()\\'thr finesr plrrticlcs t() (lr()p c()rul)lctclr thloltgh l() lltc' llrst
hrt bin. lrncl lltgcl pelticles nror e lkrng thc scrccns t() l)e clepositc(l into llre rtlltcr l-rins.
To proptrlr scrcen thc llggrelliltc. tlie t()tal scrccn irrclr nlLlst lre l:trgc cnc>ttgh to Iranclle tht
'l
anrorrr.rlof xggrul{lltt: rlclivcrccl. frc clrpacitv of the screcns nrr.rstlre jn bal:tnce rr itlr tlte c.rp-tritt
o l t h e r l n c r l r n c l t h c c e p l r c i n o f t l r e p u g n r i l l . \ ' h c n t c x r n r r . r c l r t t : t t c l i l t li s l c c l t o t l l e s ( r e e n s . P e r
ticles rllrt shc>uki puss thror.rgh uill ricle orer thc scrcens ancl cilop int() e l)in clesignateclli-,r ^r
lelger size pxrticir. Ar.rl nrisrlilcction of :r finer aggrcglrtc into l bin inten(lc(l to contrLin llle nc\t
l l r g e r s i z e t r - r r i l i o r ri s c r l l e c l c l l n ' o r e r . l n c l t h e s c r e e n s : l r c s l t i c lt o b e b l i r . r c l e c l .
'J'hc
sclccns rnrrst lre clerr.r rrncl in goocl conrlition. \\'hert scrcen openings ltre pltrggccl.
clirr\-()\er rrill occrr. SirliJ;rr)r'.lht:n sclecr-rsrlrc \\'orn or torn resulting in cnlltgecl ()penirt{.
ar.rrlholcs. ortrsizttl rrelerial uill go into l>ins intenclccl firr snltller-sizc tggrcgiltt.
E\ccssi\c clrn1 ()\'rr ttrn ;irlcl to lllc llnl()unt of finc aggrcgltte in thc t()till nri\. titLrs increxs
ir.rgthe surllct lrlcl to bc covclcci rr illr rrsphalt. If thc xmoulrt ol- r ltrll'-oveL is rtnknol n ol if it
f l u c l u a l e s . p a l t i c r - r 1 a r litn t l t c \ o . 2 b i n . i t c l r n s r r i o u s l r l l f c c t t h c n r i r c o r t t p o s i t i o r ti n l r o t l t g t : t -
tlrrtion lLnclaspllill rontent. Ilxccssivc cllt'n ()\'cr (an l)r (lctectc(i bv lL siere ltnltlvsis of llrt ttrlt-
t c n t s o f t l t t i n c l i r i c l r r e Il t o t l r i n s r r n c ll n u s t l ) c c ( ) n e ( l e c l i r t u r t c c l i : t t e l lyl c l c u r t i r t gt l t c s c r c c n s ( ) r
r c t l r r i i n g t l r c c l u u n t i t r o 1 n l r t c t ' i l r ic o n r i n g f r o r r r t l t e c o k l I c c c i . o r l r o t l r . S i i t t t e c l l r r \ ' ( ) \ ' ( ' r i s 1 - r t t t t t i t -
lccl in nornral scrcer.ringlncl thc pcllrissil)lc irnr()unt r>f clLfl't>r'r't in cltclt ltin is rtsLltllv sl-rt,-i-
fictl.
'1hc
\o. 2lrin (inlcrrrcclieteline uggrcgutc) is llle (riti(ll bin firl c:Ltt'r'ortt' lltis is tltt lrin
t l t r t rl j l l reccivc rhc fincst lLggrc.qxle in culn orcL rncl slriclr uill eficct tht lsplrxll tlettltncl of
tllc nri\ the r)r()st.l'\ picilll]'. thc clrlrl o|cr in tltc \o. 2 bin shoLtlclnrtt c-rceecl l0 Pcrct'nt ol thc
n r e t c l i a l i n t l ) r l t l ) i n . I t l n n i n g l r s r r n r p l eo f t h t N o . 2 l ) i n r n i r t c r i ; l lo l t t r t 2 . J 6 r n l t t ( N ( ) . l i ) s i r \ L
\ill irrclir':rtr thc .l1n()Lrntof clrrn o|tr'.
S r t l l t l ll t n r r t r n t s o f ( e r n < ) \ ' t r l r r c n ( ) t n e c c s s l f i l V i l t l r i n r t ' n t l r l l ( ) t l t c p r o p c l r t i ( ) r t i t t gl l l t i c t s s l s
Iong lLs tlte ilntolrnt of cllr11 ()\'cf clrn lre consistentlr nrlrintuirrc<lilncl llccountc(l tor in tltc ltilt
p e r c r n t l g ( ' s L r s e ciln t l r e n r i x .

H O t B i n S I I o t l ) i n s l L r el ( ) ( l t e ( l c l i [ t c t ] r b c l ( ) \ l l l e s ( r c r n i r . r gr - u r i rl r n i l e r c u s r r l t ( ) t c D r p o l r r i l V
s l o l e t l t r h c . l t c ( l : l n ( l s c r c c n c r l i L g g l r g u t c si n t l t t r l t L i o L t ss i z r - ' sl t ' r l t t i t ' c t l .F l l t c l tl t i l t i s e n i n t l i r i c l L t l t l
( ( n l l l ) l r t r l c n t . ( ) r i t ( i l n b c c o n s i c l t , r ' t ctlo b e I s c g r n c n l o f l r l l r l g t ( ( ) n t l ) l i l t n r ( ' l r lc l i v i c l e cllt t p . r r t i
ti()ns.l)r'()p('rlV s i z t , c l r O t l r i n s I I r l r l c n ( ) u g h n r r t c f i ; r l o i c - a c l rs i z e r r h c n t l t c r l i x c r i s o J ) c t i t t i r t gi l 1
firll clrprtcilr'T . h r I r O t b i n s n l u s t l ) r r i g h t . f i - c ef r o n r l r o l r s l r n c lh i g h c n o r r g h t ( ) p r t v r n t i n t c t t i t t
glir-rgof llrc xggfegxt!'s.
I l o l b i n s L r s t l r l l t l r a l e i n d j t r r t o r s t h i l t t e l l \ \ ' h t n l h c l g g f c g l L t c sl l l l l r t l o l r a c c l t e i n l c r c l .
'Ihcsc
in(licltl()r'n s l i n l r e e i l l r c r e ] c r l r o n i c o r n r c c h l r n i c r r l (. ) n c s r r t h c l c c t r o n i c i n c l i t e t o r i s l l l l ) L L l l l
ccl on thc siclcof tht' lrin (Figrut l.Jl ).

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I l a i l r l t i n s h o L r l r il x , c c l r - r i p l t c t lu i l l r l r n o r t l t l o u p i p t ' o l l u r t l t c t t o n j t h i g h b i n i n c l i c l t k r tl < r
slloLtlcl
l ) r c \ ( , n l e \ ( c s s l l l ( ) L l n l s ( ) l : r g g r ( g i r t ct r r r n r l r : t c k i n g l t p i t t t o t l r c o l l r e r b i t t s . - l l t e t l c r i t t ' s
lrt,sct lo stolt ort'r'fillingol the Irins.\\'lrcrr l bin ortllills. tlte:trectt ltlrorc it ticlcson titt
i l . q g l ( , g . t trcc. s r r l l i n gi n : r l t t l r r r ( 1 l r r \ ' ( ) \ c r : t n r lp o s s i l r l ct l l t t l l r t g t ' t ol l t t s t l e c l l . ( ) \ ( ' r f l ( ) \ \ \ c l l l s
s l r r u l r l l r t ' t l r c t k e c l l r c r l L t e t r t l vl ( ) l n l r k c s t l r ( ' t l r e \ l r c l l c t f l o r r i t t l
I I ( n l ) i n s a r t l t l i , r ' r ' t , ct (l ) l ) \ t h ( i r t o l e l c e P a c i n . ' l l r i s t a n b c l L sl o \ a s l l J t t t t ' l t i c t ( ) l l s ( 2 ( )
t O n s ) l i r r ' : r s r r r r r l l l.I r r l l L ) r l c1 ) l l t c l lp l i r n t t o e s l l t r g t u s 2 r l l t ) ( t l i ( t ( n l s ( J ( 1 0l ( ) l l s ) l ( ) l 1 l l l l r g ( ' . 5 t r l -
-2
t i ( ) n r l f \ l ) l i L l t 1A. \ ( l \ ' ( ( ) l n n t ( ) r ' l c l r p l r c i l t i s i n t l t c l l t n g t ' ( ) l . 1 6i ( ) Illclric l()lls ( () t() il(l 1()lls).
S o r n t , t i n r t , tsl r c r c r ' 1 f i n t - : l g g r c g l l t c n i l l l l L n g r t p i n t l r c t o l r t t ' r s o f l l t c f i l t c i t g g r e g l L t (l ) i r l .
'{ltis
\ \ I t e n t l t i s l r t r i l r l L r l tc o l l ; r p s t s . i t i r r r t r c s r r l t i n e n c r c r - s s i r t a r t t o r t t t to f l i r t c s i n t l l t ' t l t i x . lrrslr
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s O l L r t i O ri si t ( ) l l l i l i n t i r i n l ) l ( ) l ) c l . l g q f c g x l r l r r e l i o t l r t l r i r - t . \ l s ( ) . f i l l r l P l r r t t ' s\ \ ' ( ' l ( l r ( l i n t ( ) l l l e ( 1 ) r
r r t , r ' os l t l r e l r i r rs i l l r r r i n i t r i z t ' t l r el r t r i l c l - L to1f - lrl t i ' I i t t e s .
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l ) ( ) t ( ' n l i r Lrli l r s t l r c i c st o l r g o o c l r l l i \ i n ( l L r ( l r ' s l l ( ) 1 1 r r q ( ' ot tl L t t c t i l t l i t t o l l e
i n i l n ( ) l l t e r ) . \ \ ( ) f n ! : l t t c s i r r l l t c b o t t ( ) r r O l e l r i r r ( r r l l O \ i n g l c l r k r r g t ' 1 ) ll L g g r r . ' g e titl l l ( ) t l l ( \ \ ( ' i g l l
l l ( ) l ) l ) e f )l.t t t c ls r r t ' : l l i t l gi l l t h c l l i l l l l l l l s ( l l t L t s e cl l r r t l l l c l c t l s l t t i l l(t)l l l l l ( ) i s l L l r ( ' )
I I o t l t i n s l l L t s l r i ( ) 1b c t r l l o r r t c l l ( ) r r l l l ( l l i l ) t \ I l i n s l r o l t l g t s ( ) l e \ ( ( s s e s l L r c( 1 ) l f ! ( 1 c ( l l l r l t t l j L t s l
i n g t l t c , c r r l c l i , t r l . I , o r . c x l L l t p l c .i l t l t c c r x r r s , -l r i r r i s o r c l f l o l i n 1 : r r l t i l t t l t c ( ) t l l t r s r ( ' r l l : l i l lr l t s i l t i s f i l ( '
t o r r l c r c l . l l r t c o l c l I r i n t l t t l s u p p l i i n g n r o s l o l l l r c ( ( ) i r r s ei t g . q r c g l l l ts l t o L t l cll- r t ' I r . ' t l t t t e isl l t g l r t l l
I 1 i \ l l ( ) t g ( x x l p r i l c l i c e t ( ) n t l t k ( ' l \ \ ' ( ) t r r l c l l c c c l u ( l i L r s t n r ( n l si t l ( ) n c e . I 1 ) r t \ r l l l l l ) l ( . i t t l l t ' t r t t : t l
l i ' e r l i s c l c l i r i e n t l L n r lo t r c l r i n i s n r n n i n g u l i t t l c l r t ' r r r r . i 1 j s l r c l ( , . ' tl ( ) i t ( l i r l s lt l t t t o t r t l I c e t l t i r s l ; t t l r l
l l r t ' n n l L k e t n l r t l j r t s t r t t e nll( ) t l t c l i e ( l o t t l l t t ' t i n e l r i r l t i l a t i s I r - t t t t t i l l gl t c r t r \
I l t l t c g l r t r - , i l {l l t ( , l ) ( ) t t ( ) l l to f r r ] t r i t l r i r r i s \ o r n l r n r l l c r t k i n g r n l L t t ' r i a li.t t t t L t s tl r t ' r e 1 ; l t i t c c lo r
r c l t l t r t t ' r l i r r r n t e c l i l t lt rt ' . L e e k a g e l r o n t u l r o t l r i r r r ' l r t l t t i r e l s e l t r l l l ( c t g n t ( L l t i o n o f t l t c f i r t l t l n l r x
tUft.

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 S \ \ t i l t i r t g ( ) ( c L l r s\ \ ' l r e n n r ( ) i s t L l r c\ i r p ( ) r i n t h c l l g g r c g i r t e : l n ( l i n l l r c : l i r ( 1 ) n ( l e n s c( ) n t l l r l i o t
l : l i r rs l t l l s . I t l t a p p t r t s u s u l l l l \ l t t t l r e l r t g i n n i n g o l t l r e r l e i s ( ) p r l i l l i ( ) n s o r r l h c r r t h ( a ( ) l l s ( l g g r ( -
. ! l l L t (i 's I t ( ) t t l t ( ) l o r t g l t l Vc l n . S \ ' c : t t i r - t gl n l r \ ' ( : l u s ( t l t ( l l ( ( L l n l L r l l l t i ( ) n
o l c l r r s tt l L l t f t s L l l t s i l t c \ c e s
- i 1 , - 1 1 1 r. , , 1 l r . t ,' r r r t l r l r r rrr,
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l ) ( ' s t ( ) r e ( l s t p r t n L t r ' l vi n r l i ( ) i s l u r ( ' p l o o l s i L o se n t l t i ' r l c l i l t , i t l v i n l o t l r c r r c i g l t l t o l t p c , r .

|DHot BinSampling
: \ l o t l c n t l t o l t u t x e s p l l t l t p l : r r t t sa l t t ' c l r r i 1 r ; r r -s' irtlh r l c r i i c s I i r l s r r r r p l i n e l r o t r r u q r c t 1 l L tftn' r l
l l l c l ) i l r s . \ l ( ) s t l ) l i L r ' r lLsl l i l i r ( ' l l i l l l l l ) l c c o n t ; t i n e r n r o r L n l t ( i o n l L r o r l . l l r i t l r i s s l i r i r r n t l r . , r ' l l t r - ' l t o t
l l i r l t i ' t ' t l c r . ( ) r ' g i l t L ' .l ( ) c r t l t l r t l t c . l . q g r c g : l l tl L si l ( l l ( ) J ) s .S ( ) l r ( ' l ) l l n 1 s r D t L tl L r r c a c l t ' r i I r l ( ) ( i i \ ( ' f l
t l t e l l o \ ( ) f i t g g r c g i t l t t r r r n r t l r r - l r o t l r i n t o e s r u r P l r -r' ' o n t r L i n c rl.t L se s s c n t i r r lt h i l l s l l ( l l s : l n l p l ( ,
( ( ) r r l i l i r l e r sl l c I r ' O p t ' r l t i o c l t t e c lr r h c n l l r k i n g t l l c s i l n r l ) l e . 5 ( )t i r x l i l r ( ' l ) r c s r n t l l l i \c s l l n p l r ( ) f l l l c
n l l t c r i : l l i r - lt l t t ' l r i n s t i l l l r c c o l l c c t c c l .
l ) L r r i t t gq r o t l t t c t i r ) n .1 r sr l l c l l g g r t g l L t ( 'i l o r r s o i t r t l t ( l ) l i l l t l s c r c t n s . f i n , - , rl') l l f t i ( l ( , si i r l l t ( ) ( ) n (
s i c l c o f c l t c h b i r . r : r n c lr o : r r s t r I ) i l l t i ( l c s t ( ) l l l ( , 1 ) t l l c r ( t ' i . q L l r eL J I ) . \ \ ' l t e r r n l r l c l i : t l i s ( l l l \ \ n t r l r n l
l l t c l r i n l r t o p e n i r t g l l g : r l ( , i l t t l t c l ) ( ) t t ( ) l l )l.] i e s l t ( l l l l ( ( ) l l s j \ l l ) r c ( l () l t ) i n l u t t l t i t l l l n r l l t a l t l i l r l l r l
o t t e < ' t t ( ll t t t l c ( ) t r s c r r ] l i l l c l i i r l i r t t l i t o l l r t r ' . - l l r t ' r c l o r t ' . t i r c l ) ( ) s i t i ( ) ro) l t l r t ' s r L n r p l i n ur l t ' r i t t i n t l r r - ,
s l r ( ' i l r t l( ) f r t l t t c l i a i c l i s t l r r L t g e (f l1 ( ) r l rl l r i n c l t ' t r - r ' n r i n cssh c t l r t l t l r e s a r r p l c r r i l l l r e r o n r p o s c r l o f l r
l t r \ ' t l , r ' f l i t t . . r ' ' ' , , | . ' I | , , , I 1 i , , | L , ..|| l t . r . r r . l . r t ,t i l , f ( . r | l t . . l i , , r t , , ' t l r , t . . t \ , . l i n I l I l , t . r r l . 1 . 1
t . l . l ) . l h i s c o t t c l i t i o tits , . ' s p e c i l l L cr r i t i r e l i n t l r ( ' \ u n r l x ' r I ( l i n t ) l r i n . s i n c c t l i e l r e t e r i e l i n t l t i s
l r i r t s t l o n t l t i n l l L r c r r c c sl l t r i u l ( ) L l n t o 1 l r s l t l l L l l r ' e r l r r i l c ciln l l t ( , l l r \ .

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lorsliding
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llowingmaterial.

Stlltiflcati(]}1l(r'erticrrl levcring) of sizes in thr finc bin can ulso ()ccur. It mx] l)c calrsecl l)]
veririti(rrs ol gnl(ling in thc stockpilcs (x l)\' crnltic fcecling of tlre rrrkl uggrcg:ltc. \\'hcn thr5
l i l ' r n o l s c g r c g l t i o n e x i s t s .r ( p r e s ( n t l l t i v c s l u n p l r s c l n n o t l r t ' o l r t r t i n e t l . e t e n u h e n t h c s e m p L i n g
clcvicc is usecl cor rectlt'.

>|calibration
No|mellV it is tlle c()ntractolsresponsilriiitl't() crlil)nltc the HXIA pllrnfr ho$ i.\'er. agencv
inspcct()rslre otjrn leclr.rirerl to olrsen e lnd lre aware ol the procecluresuseclto lrrive ll art
eggrcgxtcc()nll)inllti()nthxt merts the jolr mix fornrul:r.
'lir
ploclrrccthr clrsircclxggrcgatcconrbin;rtion,tlle c()ntent of clch bin nlust bc anxlvzecl.
Tlre firsl step in rnalr.zirrgtlre lrot lrins is t() start thc plant uncl thc ct.rlclfretl. thr rlner. encl tlre
screer1s. \\'hen the l)lxnt reuchesopenting conclition.such that it is lrclievecltlre rlrxtcrill in the
l)ins is rcfrcscnteti\c ()f thc propofii()ns cstublishc<lrrt ttte iold fcecl getes.u serrple c>frggre
gntc is tuken ironr cuth irin. The lggregrte slrnplcs rre then grrclccl.On(e tlle graclltion o1'
nrxterill in clLchhot bin is cleterrninecl. the exect pcrccntilge tO bc prrl)eciflorr ear'h bin to rnect
the r:lesigrlnrir cun be crlctrhtecl. This is clone b1 l trial rncl crnrr nretlrocl.

||Drawing MaterialFromTheHotBins
TIrc eggreguteis clras'n from each hot lrin into LIreueiglr hopper. onc bin at a timc. The
rveiglr lroppel is srrspenclecl
fionr scale beanrs anrl * eighs t ur.r.rtrlltivelv
thc lrnrountsof :rggre
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Thc r'ontractoror thc prclclucerclctcrmincsthc orrler in ll hiclr tlle bins drLn)ptireir xggre-
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l l l e ( l 1 l l t c - s l 7 lt l g g r e g x l e sI . t e x l .l t r t d t l r t l l r . r e s itr g g r c g i L t eI u s t . i h i s 5 ( , ( l u c n a ci s r l e s i u n c r l t o
1tl]ce
t h e f i n c f r . t t c t i o n sl t t t i t c t o p o f t h e n t i g h l r o p p r r . r r i r e r e l l r r v c r r r r l r o tl c e l i o u l t l r r t r g h t l i t g r L r t ,
r L lf h c l ) ( ) 1 t ( ) r lo f t h c u c i g h I x r p p e r . 1 ' h i s s l s l e n r l r l s o l l l o r r s t l r c n t o s t e t f i t j t n t u t i l i z l t i ( n l ( t t u l e
rvrlilrtllle r olLtrllc in thc weigh hoyrpcr'. since thc ljr.rer-:rggregrtcs r^,ill palriellr' penctrrrrc tlrc
\ , , r L l - i l l t q \ ( ) . l r \ (t . l F r r ( . r ] . t\t.L
\ \ ' h c n l l t c p t t l l i n g s e t l u e n c c i s c l c t e r n r i n c r l .t l r e l ' e i g h t s t < . b l e clrelln front the lrot lrins lrre sct
ol.t llte stltlt. TIris infi>ntretion is norrttallv cntered ink) il c()nlpLttcr tltxt c()ntr()ls the opcning lrncl
c l o s i n g o f t h c b i n s t o o b t r t i n l l i e c o r r e ( l i m r ( ) u n t O l - u g g r e g r t cl i o r r r e l ( l t l r i n . | i g u r c + . J i i J J L r s -
f r i l l c s l l ( ) \ \ t l l e c t t t t t t t l l t t i r t ' s c l r l r s e t t i r . t g s : r Luc s e c l l ( ) ( ( ) n t r o l t h e \ \ e i g h t < t f l r g g t ' r g a t t r l l r u n l h r n t
ret lr bin.

>> lntroducingTheAsphalt
['i)rl) tllt wei.qh ho1-rPcr,eggrcultc is clcpositctl into thc Plunl s prrgtrtill (nti-ring clLrrtrbcr').
w h c | c i t i s l r l t n c l c t l r r i l l t t l t c 1 ) r ( ) p c rp r o p ( ) r t i o n o f : r s p h u l t b i n c l e r . l n i t t v p i c l l p l u n l s v s l c n t .
l l s p h l i l t i s s e i g h c c l s e p l l r i l t c l \ i n r r t i g h l ) L l ( k d s \ \ h i ( h l r t c r . r lto s t c i . s c l r l e ' crl- r n i l s b < ' t i r : .
l)cillg intr()(lrr(('(l irtk) tlrt ptrgmill. \\ hcn thc n cight of usphelt in tht buckcr re at.lre-sI prc(lcte r-
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F l i e l t t : rp ' c r c c n t : r g r - 'O s f I l : \ P c l t n l t e a c . l t i r V r r l( 2 i , 1 ; ,j 5 1 r i ,i s t r ' 1 > i c u lt)h l n \ i t l t s l e n r l t r r r l t r r c k e t
t ' l t r l t l o r t l l e t l l o c i s .l r c c t r - t s el l l e l l A I ) I r x s l r l o n g e l p e l k r c l o f t i n t ( ' f i ) l l l c l l t t l a r r s l r l t o l t c r . o n t l t l e t
e t i . A l l o f l l c I a s P t ( t s ( ) l t l t c s t r t n t l l t l c l ) r r ( k t t e l c \ 1 r t ( ) fn t c t h () ( l t l ) p l \ ' t o t h i s r e ( . \ , ( . l i n gl r | 1 t r . o l t c l t .

B A P C n s i s t e n c y R e g a r r l l c s so f l h c t h c r ' ( ) n r r r s c s r l r r n c l r o l l r c l r l r r r r r i r p l l u t t . \ \ l r c n p f o
t l r t c i t . t gr e c l c l c c l t t t i x e s L r s i r t gr t ' r ' l l t i r l c c ll L s p h l l t p e r e n r c n l ( l l . \ P ) . o r r c n l l k e s t l t ( , i l s s u n t p t i ( ) nl l l i l t
: t f i t ' t t c s l i t t g t h c I I A I r f i r r ' . q r l t c l l i t i o nl t. s p l r r L ltto r r r e n t . r r n c ll L s P l r r t lct l t r r | r r c t ( r i s t i t st.l r t s e , r . h l r r u c t e r i s
t i ( s ( l ( ) l l ( ) l c h t l n g t . I l . \ l ) i s t r c : t l ( ' ( li l s ( ) n r n l l t ( r i l t l s o r r l t r ' u i t l t c o r r s t s t c n tg t - l t c l a t i i t nt .r s l t l l t l t r o r r -
t t l l t . i l l l c l l L s p l l l t l t l l r t l t c t c t i s t i t s . ' l ] t c n t ' r r c t r , . l r r l I I \ l A i o l r n t i r i o r n t L r l t ri \ ( t ! , i l t r ( l l l l k i l . q t l t ( , s ( ,
n I I t c r i l L l ( h l f l l ( l e f i s t i c s i l - l l ( )r ' o r t s i c l c | l r ttirti
'I'llis
i s l l r l i l l l l ) ( ) f t i l t l ll l o i n l t o I ' t ' r . ' 1rrn n r i n r i l l . \ l ) \ ( ) L l r ( r \ ! | u t l t r ' p | O P e r l I r t n r l f u r . r t l O n r l r
t t s t ( ' ( l l ( ) r ( ( ) l l s i s t e n ( \ ' l t r i o t t o P I O c i r - r t i n tgl r t l l l i \ f o I n t r r l : r .I l l l t c ( ( ) n s L 5 t ( ] u cO \ i t l t ( I . l A l )i s s u s
P t ( t . t h e n t l l t c l L t l t l i t vo i t l t c l i n r r l l r o t r r r i x n i l l l ) e s L r s p r ( t . l f I l A l ) c o r i s i s t e l t t t r s r l r l i u l r l c . L r s r n g . r
l l i g l r t r p t r c e n t r t g e s i l l i n c r c : t s r t l r t ' 1 r o b : r l r i l i t v t h r t t h e l i r . r : rpl r o c l L r c lr i l l l r c o r L t o l s p c t . i f i t . r t t i o ; .
\ o 1 l l e n l e r l r t i l ) t t e n t o r c o n t r o l c ( l L r i p r l r e nct e n c h e n g e t l r i s i n c r i t r r i r i l i t r ''.l h i s i s o n e t c l t s o n
l r i t \ ' s 1 : r ci f' c- 1 i r l gr t g c l t t i c s f i - c t l L r e n t l lVr s k l i r l l l . , \ l ' s o L l I C c st ( ) b c s t o c l i p i l c c ls c p : r r r r t e l r ' . ; t n crlr . h r
Ilr\l) l)erccnllgcs rlc oftt'n lirnitecl in the finel ltrorLucl.
( ) n c \ \ i l v l ( ) t l s s u r t l ) c t t c r c ( ) n s i s t c n c ro l t h c l l - , \ l ' i s t ( ) s p l i t i t i n t o t \ \ ( ) s i z c s - l l
line nlirtrrill
l r l t c la r r l t r s c r u a t e l i e l . l - s u l l l v t l t c s l t l i t i s n n c l e ( ) n t l l e 9 . 5 n l r r r ( j 8 i n c i t ) o r l l t t i . - 5 l ] l n t ( \ ( ) .
l) \crcen.'l llc llllttefi:ll troulcl Llten be plopoltionccl int() thc llli\ as if it rvc rc t\\1) clit-fcrcnt
s ( ) L l f c c s( ) l n r i r t c l ' i l l .

PL.\\l ()PItR.{]lO
 Rcgarclless of rl helher a betcll plant is manrral.senillutomuti( ()r
cotlpletelf ilLrt()mrltic.
certxin besic plllnt c()ntp()nrntslnd funr:
ti()ns llust [x'obsened regularlv t() cnsLrr( th?t thc plxr]t is c:rprblc of proclucing HN{A thllt
nreets spc(ificirtions rncl is incleecl cloing so. Llrlou, is a list of iteurs thet shoulcl bc chcckecl reg-
trlurlr' ul ull t1'pes of batch plunts:

L Actur:rtc pr()portiorling of crrlcl t-eecleggregatcs.

e '[ir cnstirc proper blcncl ()f materixls to rneet preclctcminecl job nix firrmula.
. To ensure tlrr propcr balence ol ntttcritl in tl)e h()t l)ins.
2. Scales zero propcrll lncl recor<l accrrftrtrll ,
. Sculc lcvr:r svstenls kcpl (lexn.
o All scale lcver rrrcls. knife cdges. etc.. shicklccl r'nhcrc possiblt.
. Loecl cclls ol tlrr proper size. propcrl-r'rrlignecl ancl hunging fice.
3. Asphult bucket tarecl ploperlv rrnrl hlnging ficc.
'i. Acgrcgiltc $cigh lrox tarecl pft4rcrlv
encl hanging flce.
5 . \ { i x c r c c > n c l i t i o nl r n c l f u n t t i o n :
. \lixel pans in goocl conrlition er.rclacljusteclt() tlle pr()per ntixing pattern.
. I)r()l)cr size lrltclr lrr:ing ntixecl.
( r . S u l l l t i e r . r tn r i x i n g t i r u c f i r r r l l l a n c l n e t c l t l e s .
I . I l n i f i r r n r r s p l r a l t r r n c lu g g r c g l t c c l i s t r i l r L r t i o irnr t h e p L r g n r i l l .
lJ. \'rtlvc rr.tcl grttt lc:rks ncccling reprir'.
9. l)rolter eggreg:Lteltncl ltsphltlt terllperrlurc nlten lltesc nrett:r'irrlsulc inTlorhrct'<linto tlrt
\\'cighing rccrpte( l('s.
1 0 . \ i ) r l t o r c l l r n r r r g t ' cs it t r r n s .
I l . I l o i s t L l f c c ( ) l r t ( ' n l( ) t l l g g r c l l l l t ( l r l i c r i t l e : r r r s t h c c l l v c r
12. All propel selett retlrrircntcnts l)cir-lg lltr,l.

\ t p l : t n t s u l r t ' r t l r r t i l L l i ( ) n i l l t i (r ' o n t r o l p l r n e l i s u s c r l . t h t l i r l l o r r i n g i t c m s s h o l r l t l b e l c l c l c t l t o
l l r e c l r c rk l i s t :

l . ( l ( n ' r e ( 1i n p r r t o r t i r l n t t r l l rc l : r t l .
L Ilin uitlrclltrs orclcr in ltroller se(lLlclt(c
- 1 ., \ u { ( ) n l i r t j cs u i t c h i n o n P o s i t i o n .
+. Ui\ linrrfs (()rr(ctl\ sct
5. All control s\\it(hcs in c()rre(t positiorr.
6 . l ) r o p c r ( ) p c n l i n r ( ' o f p L r u n r i l l( l i s c l l t r g c g l t c s .

\ \ ' h e r t r t p l r r n t u s ( ' s i i l t u u t ( ) r l l l l t i cr r c o r c l i n g r l e t i c r . t l r c f o l l o s i n g i t c n r s s l t o u l c l
lrt' cl reckecl regrrlrrrir':

I I ) f i n t ( ) u t sc l r c c k e c r r r r e t t l t l L g l l i l t s tI l i t t e r i l l l i n l r L r tl t n c l s i l t l e s .
2 . \ g g r t g e t r ' p f i n t ( ) u t s l e l e | t O l t t o l r r ' r 'b i n s
. t I ' ri n t , , r . t1 . r , l r ' . * r 1 r r r . r i 1, " 1 l i t ) 1 " r , .
t . F i l c o l - q r r i n t o L rltr u c l i n g s k e p t l o l c l t s i c n l r t t ' r lp t ' r ' i o r lo f t i n t c .

()r,r,R,!r'r()\s
o,.o.r
F
 >.llntroduction
'l'his
secti()n clescribcs firt.rctiorrsuniqrLr t() clltinr rni-r plents lnci presents infi)rrlati()n t
shrtrl hou e plant shc>rtlci()perrte in oLcleLto plocltrcc :r per ing mixturc tirilt mects job sper'lfica
t i ( n s . l \ x ) n c ( ) l r p l e t i n g t h i s s e ( l i ( ) l t o f t h c u r : t n u : r l .t h e r e e c l e rs l r o u l c l l r e a l r l e t o :

. List the major conrponents Of a cirLrntnti-\ pli[]t.

. llxplain thc 1>urposeof ctrch cornponcnt.
. l)estr-ilre lrou clch cctrrrponent rr'orks.
. ()utline tlle process lls milterials flo\ throrrgh l clrr.rmnrix plant.
. Rccognize p()tcntill problenrs that ma1' occur :lnal clcscril)c spccific rrrersures thilt sh()Lll(l
be taken to pre\.ent such prolrlcnts.
o l)rescribc c()rrective rneasurcs to l)c tlken in the e\ent that clefir.icncics arr: tlctcctccl
in tilc llix.

'l'ht.
l)rur)t rlti\irtg is a relatir"'eh'sinrple pr<x css of proclrrcing h()t ntix :lsphelt. nrixing cirr-rnr,
Or clLttnt rttixcr. $ hich is thc nllli()r (r)rrp()ncnt. xn(l fr()nt u hich this t),pc ()1 1)lilnt gets its nxntr.
i s r e n s i r r t i l a l i n x p p c x r z n c c t o e l r a t c h p l l r n t c i n ' t r c h r r n r . ' l h c c l i l l e r e n c eb c t r v e c n r l r u n r r r r i x
pllrtrs rlrtcl lreltlr pl:tnts js tiltt in rlrunr nrix plxnts thc xggregltc is not onll cLlied uncl heutecl
r r i t h i n t l t c c l n t t n . l r u t l t l s c >r n i x e c l r r i t l r t h e ' l l s p l l l r l t l ) i n ( l c r . ' l h c r e l r r e n o g l l r c L l t i o ns c r e c n s . I r o t
bins. rreigh ltoPpers. or pugnrills in a clrurn nrix plant. r\ggfcgllte gftrcllrtion is contr'Ollcrl lrt thc
c r r l t l f i ' e c l . I r i g t r r t : i . - i 2s l t o u s l l p i c l r l ( l n l n l n r i \ p i l n t s ( ) n c s l l l i ( ) r - l l r \ r r n c lo n t , p o l t t r l r l , - ' .
As thc \ rtrioLls rrggregetcs lrrc corectlv plo;rortionecl 1l llrt (r)l(l fi'ccl lrncl introcLLrcecl itrtci the
c l n u l l i r r a l n i n g . t l l e a s p h l t l t b i n c l c r i s e l s o i n t r o < l L r t e ci ln l ( ) t h c r l n r n t . l h c r ( ) t l l t i ( ) n( ) l t l t ( ( l r r L l n
ptoricles tlte rttixing acti()nthlt tftolotrghlr'lrlenrlsllrc:rspllLlt binder unrl tlit lggrcgutcs. As thc
t t t i x i s t l i s c h l u g c c ll r r r n r t l r e c l t L t l r . i t i s c : l r r i e c lt o e s u l g t ' l r i r r ( ) r s l ( ) l r 1 l ( s i l o e n i l s r r b s c c l r r < ' n t l t
I o a t l e c li n t o t r u c k s .

Dlilistory 0t DrumMix Plants

I ) r u n r n r i \ i n g o f h o t n r i x r r s p h l l t u r : r t e r i u l su a s o l i g i n a l l v i n t f ( ) ( l L l ( r ( l: r l r o r r t1 9 1 0 . \ l o r c t l t : u t
ont fiunclrccl sn]itll clrrrllr nrix pllrnts \\efc ()lleriLtc(l until llle nritl 19J0s. \'lren thct \'crc
'I'lrc
Iep)lictrl b1' contifttLous rlri\ and l)xt( h 'Pc pllnrs ol grelrtt-r'Procluction capacitv. clnrrn
n l i \ i n g p r ( x ( ' s s $ i r s r c s l l r r c c t c a li n e r e v i s e c lf i r r m i n t h c l l l t c t 9 6 0 s .
I n t l r e t n s r t i n g v c l L r s .t l r L r n ln l i \ p l i r n l s . l r l s o c r r l l c t l c l n r r n r r r i x t r s l r n r l l i r r n r c r l v c l l r c r c l r u n r
plenls. lrcclLmc u iclclr usecl in thc hot llix lsphillt inclrLstn. intnrclr-rt'etlor.r rr s itlr scelr.,in tlrt:
g l r i n c c lp o p r r l l r r i t \ r l l l ( ) r ] g ( ( ) n t r i l ( t ( ) r sc l r r c l o l l r e i r ; r o | t a l r i l i
c - e I l 1 l ! - 0 s . r l r t t n r l l . i x p l e r . r t sc l r . r i c k l V
t y . t f f i c i t ' n c r ' , l r n c le c o r t o r l r . I ) r l r n l n r i x c r s l r l s o h l v r t h c l r b i l i t t t o p r o c l u c e l l i l g e c l u l n t i t i c s o f
h i g h c l L r a l i t lr r i r e t r e l u t i v r l v k ) \ \ t e r n p e r x t r t r ( ] s( ) r u t ( o n v e n t i ( ) n i r l l c n t p ( r l l t Ll r ( s .
'l
trc I980s:tncl 1990s sarr <hlngcs ir.rtire conligrrlatirxr of tlrc clnrnr tlrat significantlv
i t l p r o v t c l t h c c l l i c i c n t v r i l t l r r I r e a t i n g l r n c l n r i - r i n g 1 ) r ( ) c c s sT. h L ' r e n e s r l s o i r l p r o v e n r r n l i n l l r t
rlletlr()cisof eclcling rcileintccl rtspl]irlt plivt'ment (IL\l)) t() tirc nli\tLlrc. L.r lrclclition. ilnpr()\'cntrnl
i n l h c c ( ) n r J ) L r t ccro n t l o l l t c l s i ' i g l i i n g s \ s t c n r s h x s e r n b l c c l n r t l t l i e l s t o l r t n r o r t c f l i c i c n t l t c o n
tlollcrl lrnrl colcl leccl svstcnrs [() bc chcckctl :rnc] celilrrettcl rnore clrrlcklv xn(l llccurlltcl\'. lhcsc
l L t h l t r t c e sp r o r i d e l i r r n t ( n c l ) r ( . c i s i ( ) l i-nl l l l e ( ( ) n t f ( ) l ( ) f t l \ l ' \ p r ( x [ l c t i ( ) 1 1 .

PI-AN]'oPIRATIO" -(
 l:itun'.t-ll }lrrPhrr* l\llrhlllrprldrre* (irLutr':i
l)rLru ut(,\11;
'lipt'
\rtlSilionlin ihdni- (iiurlrsrrl \\:LnrlPrning)

,,,.onroPrL{rroNS
P
 S u r qBei n
Automalic HotMixConveyor '^ r 0rStoraqe Silo
Weighing
System
ColdFeedConueyot
.rh:
ColdFeedBins House
Conlrol

Asphall
Slorage
Tank A s p h aPl tu m p

fillrll-i,Ii lli.'jr: xlirl'i,rl

l.lrLuir

|DDrum
'I
MixPlant0perations
AndConponents
]tc Illlttlarrcnllrl (olltJ)()ncr)ts Ol llte rlILrllt lIi\ l)llutl ilrt:

r\.qgr('grrr(colcl lteci lrins

(lortvc\trr lllr(l lrggrcglle \t'lghing srstcr
I ) r L l J l tr ) l i \ ( r
I ) L r s tc () l l c c t i ( m s \ ' s l c l l l
I I () t r l i i \ c ( ) n \ e \ ( ) r
\ i i \ s r r r g ( 'b i n r i r s t o l r r g c s i l o ( s )
(lonllol lrotrst'
. \ s p 1 r r 1 tS t o f t r g c ' l : r n k ( s )

I r i g L r t ' t . t i s h o r r s t h c r t t a j o l c o n r p ( ) n c n t s o l l b l r s i c c h l r n r n r i r p l l r r . r tF. ' o l l o u i r . r gi s r r b r i e 1 .

gcnr'ntl clt'scliption o1 tlre se(lLrenccol proccsscs inrolrcrl ir.re tlpiclrl clrunr nrix plxnt oper.rti()1.r.
Confrrllt'rl gntrllrtions ol-agureg:Llcs a[r: rLcpositccl in the colcLtccil bins. ll.(rnr $hich the] rlrc
l e c l i n c l i r i c l r l t l l v i n c x l r c t 1 : u - o p o l t i ( ) nosn l ( ) e c o k l l c e c l c ( ) n v e ) ( ) r .A n l t u t ( r u x t i c l r g g r c g : r t t t c i g h -
'l'hc
ing svstr.'nrnl()nitors the ltrtlrunl ()f egllrcgxtc fl()\\'ing int() thc tlllrnr nrixcr. ueighing ststenr
i s i n t e t l o c k c r l , , ri t h t l r t c o n t r ' o l so r r t h c l s p h l r l t s t ( ) r x g c1 ) L r r n pr.h i t h c l l r r * s l s p l r l l t f l o n r a s l o l
llge tlulk ltncl in(roclrtcts it into thc drLrnt. Tlrt lrspllLll lrnil ir.q.qrc.qllt(lrlc tlrororrghlr blcnclccl lx
t l t e c i t t t t r s f ( ) 1 : r t i n gl l c t i ( ) n A r l r r s tr r r l l t ' c t i o n s v s r c n rc i r p t u l ( s t r c c s s c l L r s cl s c t r l r i n gl l o r l l l t c
c l l t t t t t .f t o n r t l l t c l l u l l . t l t e h ( ) t n ) i \ e s p l l r i t i s t l t r ' l s l ))(1 1 c (llr r r o r r r e r o r t ( ) i t L l r g ei r i n o l s l o t l g c
s i l o . l t r r n r r , , h i c h i t i s l o r t r l c c li n t r . rl l i r t k s r r n r l l r r r l r l e r lt o t h e P r u i n l s i t r ' . A l l P l r r n t ( ) l ) c r : r t i ( ) n 5
llre
r t t o l t i t o r e c la n c l t o n l t o l l e c i l r t r r t t i n s l l r r n t t , n l si n I h , - c o r t t r o l l t o . , . . .
-l-1ie
n t i x i r t g p t o c t s s r s r s s r l . l l i u l l \ I h t ' s r r n r t i n . r 1 l p r u r r l L c lLl o * r l r u n r n r i - \ l ) l : l r l t s ,u h i c h h : r v c
l ) c c n t h c s t l n ( l l l r a l t r p t ' . \ l c t h o t l s o l l t c c l i n c l h c n r r L t c r l i r ]l:o t l ) c ( l f L l l l r .] r o $ e | e r . r r u V c l i f f e r .
Othcr tvpcs o1 plar-rtsarc rlcscrilrccl in lllef crti()lts.
'llrc
p n r c l u c t i o r -(r) f l l \ 1 . \ r h i l t n r c c t s j o l r s p r c i f i r . u t i o n si s r r r o s te e s i l v e c c o r r r p l i s l r e csll r r : n l l r e
v x r i ( ) u s p u f t s l r n c l f i r n c t i o n s o f t h t ' p l r r r . rrtr r t i n l l t l e n c e r t h l t i s . r . r l r c n t l r c r l r r c p l o p e r l r c t x r c l i
natccl to r,rork iogcthcr lls r snr(x)tlr lolking r-rnit.Also esscntiul li)r c()nsistent Iriglr <lualitr rni-',
i s t - t n i t o t t t t( u n i n t e l r u p t c ( l ) 1 > l a n o t p c n r t i o n . A c ( L r r l ] t cl ) r () p () r t i () n i n g t l 1 n t l r t c r i l l s i s c n t i l c l t c l e p c r - r -
clettl on tltc rtnifotm flot ol-thos<' nlrtclilrls. l)Lrnt stops lrncl stlrrts lclr elsclt lll-ect rrrix qualilr'.
'li)
cnsurf tlrt bltl:ince enrl uniliunritr r.recessrrvlo plocluce I IX,IA thet me'ets sltccificetktns tn
rll rcspects. the iirllou ing (()ntr()l cquipnrcnt is rrclr.rireclfirr ell clnrtl urix plents:

. Sepuftrlt coltl feerl irrntRr]s li)f cach xggregxtc size ancl RAP.
. Scl)lrrlrtc in(licirt()rs of nraterilrl rlclircn r:rtes lirr rrll cor.Dponenls.

PI-ANT OPl]RA.TIO
 . I n t t r i o c k i r t g ( ( ) r . l t r ( ) l (s) f i r g g r c g x t c c o l ( l l i ' e ( 1 .l s p l i a l t l n d r r c l c l i t i r ec l c l i r r l r ' . r r n t j l l A l ) t l c i i r
( ' r \ ' 1 () t h c ( l l L l 1 .
. - \ L l t ( ) r n l L l il(r t r r n c Lc o n l l i t l s .
. l ) L r s tc o L l t c t o l t l l t l c l t n l c c t l l l L t l i c o l l c c t c c l l n l r t c r i r l li n l o l l r ( , s \ s t ( , n r ( ) r \ \ i t s t c t h e ( l u s t .
. S c n \ ( ) f s 1 ( )r l r c l r s u f ct e l l t l ) e n t t u r ( ,o f t l t c l t o t l t l i - \ t L l r e1 l t c l n r r r rc l i s c ] t t l c t .
. S t g f r g l l t i ( ) n ( ( ) n l f ( ) l s ( ) n s r r l g c l r i n s O I s t r t ] i t g cs i L i t s .
. \ l ( ) i 5 t L l r e( r ) r r p e l t s l l t )( f .
. , \ l l t n ) t s 1 ( )l i l c f l t l r ( ' ( ) l ) ( r i l l ( ) f l o l U t \ i l t t c l r L r l ) t i ( ) n (s) l l l l i L l ( ' r i l Li l t ' l i t c r r .
. l : ( l L r i l ) r r c nlll l : r 1\ \ ' i l l l ) 1 1 ) ( l u c c n l ( ) U l( ) t n l r t t ' r ' i l l t L , l i r r - r ' tl i t l e s l n c ] l ( ) l r L l ist l s p ( ' ( i i i ( ( l i n t e n r r l s
I)

( l ( ) r ' r t r ( ) lasn t i t l o t t i t o r i l t g c l c r i r t s l r l c t t s r l L l l r l o t r r l t i l i n l l r c c o n t r r r l I r o r - r s cr.r l r e l e l l r e r e i s

- ' " l r i ' l r r lr i , ' l r l r L L n t i r , . , , l \ . r . r r i , , r
.

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r l c p c l t c l c n t o l t I l l c ( ( ) l ( l l t c c l s v s t c n r . I ) l ( ) p e f ( l l f c r t t r r s ll r c c x c l c i s c t l n o t o n l t i n t l t c l u o c l l r c t r L , r r
( ) f l l i c r t g g r e g x l t . l : l L t tl t l s o i n i t s s l o l l r . q t ' '.l ' h c < o n t l r t l < i l s l r o r r l r lp l o r i r l t l i r l r r . t c i r i n g : r n c l I l r n
c l l i l t g r r g g t c g l t t c si n s t t c h r t \ \ l \ t i r . l t t l l t r r i s n ( ) t l l t l t g c I o l c ( ) l t l l L n t i n l t i l ) l O t I irtrcrntingliDu.
r \ l l t ( ) l t Q( ) t h e r t l t i r - r g st.l r i s n r c l t n s p l o v i c l i n . qc l e : r r .sr l r r ' l r r c c osn l lrich k) l)lll(c thc ntltt(,riiLls.
5 t ( ) c k l ) i l c sn t t r s l h l r c l l l c l ) f ( ) p c f , q n l ( l l r t i ( ) ni ( ) n r t e l l i n i r l r r i \ s l ) c c i l i c l t i ( ) n s .r r n c ll l t c r s l r o r r l t l
l t c l r - t t o f s ( ' g f ( ' 9 1il(t) r t . l i n o L r g l rs t o c k p i l c s o l r l i f i i ' r ' c n ts i z t ' f l r c t i o n s s h o u l c l l r c r r r e i n l e i n e c.l . .
P r i p c l l r ( r ) n t r ( ) l t l t ( g n r c i e l i o no f t h c n t i r . l ) r ' r r , t l i t c vs l t r r i r i t l t r ( s l ) e ( . t t ( ) 1 1 r es i z e s o f l l g g f ( . q r L t ( s
l l l i l l i t r ( s ( ' l ) r l r ' r t t ( ti ln t o t l i f f i r c n t s t o r k p i l c s . \ \ i i h ( ) u t t h i s s 1 ( ) c k l ) i 1ser p u r ; l l i ( ) n . i t n l n l r c r l i l l i c r r l t
t ( ) n l : r i n l i r i n t l t t l . ) r ' O 1 t cg II r t l l t t i o I t c < t n l l O i .
5 ( ' g r ( ' g i r l i ( ) lcr t r n l r r 1 [ r , r r . ' n t t t l h t r ( ) r t s l | i r c l i n gs l o c k y t i l r - si r t l t t r c l s n r i t c r c . c t c l i n e l . ] n t e l c t s
( i l ( ' ( ' t ) . i l n ( l I o a c l i n g l L g g r c g r L tltr o r r t l r < ' u l ) l ) c r i l r c l s o 1 t 1 r es t o < k p i l e . l l l t r ( ' l ) \ ' l n i l t i l l l i z i n g
s l o L t . q h i n go l t l r c s i c l c s l o p c s .
S c g l c g a t c t l s t o c k p i l c s . i l u n ( ( ) r r ( ' c t c ( lJ x i ( ) r l ( ) c n l r i l n ( r i n t ( ) t l i r n t i x i n . q l ) l x n t . \ \ ' i l l [ ( ' s u i r r n
r t t i r . q l l t t l a t i o t tc l i f t i c L r l t i e sT.I t t p l : t n r ( ) p ( ' n t ( n ' s l t o u l c l c s t u l r l i s h1 l n ( l l n l l i n t l l i l t l t ( n t s c s r e g i r l c d
s l o c k p i l c s . I l t l r e s t o c k p i l e s i l r c s e g r ( ' g l l t ( ' ( 1t h. r o L i g h p r x r r s t o c k p i l i n g p r l l c t i c c s o r n e g l i r c n c c . t l t t :
c l t ' f i t i c t t c i c si n u n i f i r r t l i t t r t t r - r sl lr t c o r r c c t e c ll r e l i r l c t l r c r L g g f r q l r t ci s f c r l i n t r . rt l t c n r i t i r - t gp l e n t .
I l e . q r t r c l l c sosl - t l t c m , : t l r o c lo l l t : r n c l l i n g .l l l c l l i l r t s s h o L r l cllr e ( l j r c c t c ( l i l t r l c l i r c l i n g l i l e ( r ) r r ( , ( 1 .
r t n i l < > r n t l rg r l c l c c l : r . q g r e g l r t lrr l t n r l t O t h c r r r i x i n u p l a n t .
S i n c e l l l c t v p i c r l l ( l l l l n r n r i x p l l t r - r Lr .r n l i k r : l r b l r t c h p l l l n t . ( l ( ) e s n o t i n ( ( ) r p 1 ) [ t t c l r g t ' l r r l l t i o r r
s c r c t l l i r l g u n i t . t l l c ] g ! r ( ' q l r t c r ] l u s t l ) c ( ( ) r r c c t l \ p r ( ) l x ) r t i ( ) n e dl ) r i ( ) r ' k ) i t s ( ' n t r \ i n t ( ) t h c r l ] i r i n g
c l t t t r t t . ' lh i s i s e s s c n t i r t l . ' l t t r t t o s l c - f f i ti c n t u : r r t o l r c c o n r p l i s l rl l r i s i s \ \ ' i t h l r n t L r l t i l t l t l r i n c o ] c l
leeci slstcttt cqr-rippctl rrith prtcision lrelt ti'cclcrs lil the cor.rtr'ol()f (,ir(h ;rggrcgltr'. I'ncler cltclr
l t i r t i s e l r t l t f l ' c t l c r o n t o u i r i c h t l r t ' a g g r e g r t e i s c l r o p p c c l .I ) r ' e c i s er r r n t r o l s ( l : i g u f c L 1 i ) l L l c u s c d
l r c r e 1 o f t ' e c l t h c e x r l ( t p r ( ) p ( ) r t i ( ) n si r r n t t h c l t c l t l e c c l c r so r . r l ot l r c l t c l t .
T I t c ' l t l a r r t s h o r r l c Ll t c c < l L r i p p c ctli t h p r o r i s i o n s ( ( ) c ( ) n v c n i c n t l \ o b l a i n l e p r c s t n t l l t i v c s l 1 l t p l e s
rtl tlte tirll tlou of rttalerial flonr clclr cokl fetcl lln(l thc t()t:ll colcl lcccl. Ilorrlinc slrrtrltlcs lrre
olrtltinecl fr()nr thcs( points encl trstc(l t() cletrnlin(. glil(lllti()rl

C o l c l l i ' c c l c o n t r ( ) l ( 1 ) n s i s t so l t l t e f i r l l o s i n g :

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( ) n c c c l t l i l r - r t t c c lt.l l c e . l l r ' o l x ' n i n s s s l r o L r l r l x ' r ' l r e r I i t ' r l l r e r l r r e r t t l rt ( ) e n s L l r et h l t t l h c t t e n r : t i r t

p l o p r ' r ' l t s c t . A l l s r - t t i n g ss l r o L r l r l r c , r o r r s i c l t l r - cI rl ' n t i i l i \r ' l r r - t r r u s cl 'l t r ' ( ( ) l ( l l l q g f ( g l t ( L r s ( ' ( il n l l l ( '
' l i l t l r , , r r , t t r t t l g t . , r lt t . g r t . l t t r ' i - t . t t r ,' ' , t t t t r t l ] r i s n t l t r l t c l r r i r c l r r l j L r s l n r c nol f l ] r t g e l c s t o
r ei n l l r i n a r r n i l 0 r - r rg l i r ( l i r l i ( ) n .
l i r t l r l i l r l a l e l l l I i t g q r r g : l 1 cn r c i c r i n g s V s t c l r )r l n ( l t ( ) l ) l ( ) t i r r ' r l i l l t ' , - ' r lr l y r : l ( i l r I l r e r l . e s u n r p l i n g
r l c r i c r o r ' n l ( ' l l l ( ) ( l l o o l r t r r i n s l r n r p l c sf r o m t h e b e l t i s r r e c t s s r r l r . I l r t t l e r i c t ' . l r o r r l t l p t ' r ' n r t t l t c
t l o \ o i l L t g r t g l r t c 1 o l r r c l i v c r t c c lk r l c o L l c c t i o nt o n i r i n c r I ( ) r r L ( ( L l r i l l e\ e i g l r l c h c c k s o i l i n r e r l
r . g g f ( ' g i r t (s' l n r p l ( ' s { l : i g u r ' ( '1 . i 5 ) . S L l c hc l c r i c e s e r c r r s u a l l r i n s t e l l c r l l r t t h t e n i l o l t l r t ' t o r r r c r r r
l r c l t j L r s lp | i o r ' { ( ) ( ' n t 1 1 i n l ( ) t h r ( l R l n l l n i x c r .
l ) r u n t r t t i x p l : l n t s l r ( l u i r L ' u c ( ) n t i n u ( ) u sl i . ' i g h i n g s v s t c n r ( ) n t l r e c o l c l f c e c l t r r n r e r r r l r e l t . I n -
l i n t l x l t l e i g l i c r s . l l s o c : r l l c c lr r e i : l r l r l i c l g e s( F i g L r l c+ . + 6 ) . l r e ( ( ) n l i r r L r ( ) Lbr sc l t - r , c, i g l r i n g r l c r i c t s
r-rscrlIol thrs prrrpose. (irttbir.terl rllgrrgrles pussir.tgovel lllc (()nve\1)r'bclt ru'c r'ontiltttottslt
l c i g l r c c l . e n c l u r e : t c l o r r ti n t l l e c ( ) n t l o i h o r r s c i n c l i c : r t r st l l e \ \ ' e i g l r l o f l l r c l l o u o v c r t h e s c l t l c l t t
e n r g i r c n i n s t r n l . \ ( ) n r u l e l i l r l s h o L r l t lb e c l i v c r t c t l f r o n r l l r r : ( ( ) n \ ( ' \ ' ( ) r l r t ' l l . < t t l t c l t l i e r . ts l t r n p l c s .
lrltcr it plrsststhc irclt ueigher'.
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kxrcling. roliblrck of lrggrcgrrtc. ol c'h:rnges in lrcll tcr.rsion.\leilns clr.l lre prrviclcrl fol convc
nicntlV rlircrting lggrcgrltcs int() tl.tl(ks. Irrrnl tncl ]olrtlers. or ()ther c()l.rtrlincrsfrlr chccking thc
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tot tccttltc\'.
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s L r r e n l e n t x. ( l j u s t l r I C n t sc l l n l ) e r I L i ( l c t ( ) t h c l l L r t ( ) l l t i l t ii(l s p ] L l l l n l e t c r i n g s v s l t n r l ( ) e n s L l f et h l l t t h t
l u l ( ) L l n t ( ) t i r s l ) h l r l t( l ( ' ] i \ ( ' r ' c ( tl o t h c t l t t r n r i s p l o l l t ' r ' f ( ) r l h c t l l l ( ) u n t o f a g g l e g l t t c r t t i n L t si t s r t t L r i s -
l llf(' ( ()ltlen1.
T h e r n o i s t r L r cc ( ) n t c n t ( ) f t h c c o k l l c t r l x g g r ( g l t r s l i o r - r i cl lr c < l r c c k c t l l t e l o r e l t e g i n n i n g c l t i l r
'llrt (()ntrir(l()r.sltolrlcl
c l l r t s r 4 r c l r t k r n l n t l e g l i n a l r o r - rtth e n l i ( i ( l l c ( ) f t l r < ' c l u r . l t t l j t r s tt h t t l , , i :
t u r c c o n t r o l c ( l r L i p n l c n tl l c c o l ( l i n q h . l f t h e n r o i s t r r l e ( ( ) r ) t c l r t i s b c l i t r c c l t o r l t r t c l u r i r t gt l r e c l a r . i t
'l
s h o r r l c lb e c h t c k c c l n r o r c f i c c l r r c n t l r ' . h c n l r i s t L r r ec ( ) n t ( n t r l i i l \ l r e t i t t r l r t i i n c c l m e n l t t l l r ' o r t l e c -
l r o n i c a l l t . l ) r ( ) \ i s i ( ) n ss l r o u l c l l r e n r a c l et i I ' e l c c t r ( r n i c l r l l r ' ( ( ) r r ( ' ( t i n g \ \ e t i t g g r r g l L l t $ e i g l t t I e l t t l i r t g s
k ) ( l r \ i r g g r ( g i r l ! $ c i g l r t r t u c l i l r g s c ( ) n t i n r r ( ) u s l vc l u r i r ] gp r o r [ L r t i U D
\lorlrIrr planls Irave nroisture-sensir.rgclcviccs that ctn sense ch:tngcs in nr()istLrrec()rttcnt
( ) n ( r s r l t o ; r s p c t i f i t n r o i s t u l c c ( ) n t c n t . ' l - h c c l e Y i c ei s r r r u p l c c l i n t o t h c c o n t r ' o l s v s l e r t ta t l t i c o l t i
llrl-rsirles lol nroisture chlrnges lrukrnrlrtic:rlh'.

Asphalt Chntrcl With A Drun Mixer Asl)ll:rh (1)ntl()l in :r rlrLrr nli\cr opcrltion is cl()ne (r)ntin-
L l ( r t r s l r ' . l' li t e s p l i l L l ti s n r e e s r u ' r ctl h I O r L g hl t c l l l i l ) r i l t c c ln r r t e r ( ) n . l ( ( ) n t i n u o L l sl ) i L s i sr. c L t t i \ t t ( )
x g g r u g x t e l l o l . a r r t l t l t e n c r r r t t b i n e c sl i t h t h c i r g g l t g l l c i r . tt l t e c l r L l l t l .
1 - h e ] s p h : r l t c { ) [ t r n t i s i n t c | l o t k r : c l l ( ) t l r ( ' ] . q g r c g . l t t f l o $ . I h c r r r o n i l o r i l t gs v s t c f i r n o l t \
chlnges in rhc rlcight of lr{rcrcglrtc ()\('r th(' lrt'll sclrlc ltntl lrtrtomlLtic ull\ 1r(ljuststlrr-'lLspltell flou
l ( ) ( ( ) n r p c n s r t c I i r r t h c s c c h l r n g c s . ' l h c b , : l t s c l r l c n r t ' e s u l c st h c l g g r c . q l r l el l o r r l t r . t cllc p ( n t s t ( ) l l l c
r O n l t - o lc i r c r r i t s . ' l h c l r s P h ] l t n l c t c r n l ( l r s L l r ' ( 'tsh t ' r L s p l r r t l tf l o \ \ r r n t l r t p ( ) r t s l ( ) t l l e c ( ) l l t r ( ) l( i f r t l i t \
T h c c ( ) l r t r ( ) lc i r c u i t s c ( ) l l l l ) l l r ct h C t \ \ ( ) n L l l r l ) c r s l r g r L i n stth ( s r t J ) ( ) i n lt ' s t : r l t l i s h e cl l) \ ' t h t ( ) l ) t f x t ( ) r
I l a n l r c l j u s tr e n t i s r c c l L r i r e r lt.l r t n l r s i g n l L li s s ( ' n t t ( ) t l r e r L : P h r L lftl o s , . r r n t l o l I t t c c l l u t i s r t t l t r
s p c c c l u p o r s l o l t l o n n t l r e ' e s p l r a l tf l o l .

DDDrumMixoperation
Basic Desuiption l)nrm nri\ plents makc use o1 u ;rrocess lr hctell ilggrcgrt(s in tlrtir pr()l)
c r I ) r ( ) l ) ( ) r { i ( ) nrsr r t i r r l l o a r l n c r c l r l r n r .c i r i c c ll n c l h e l t e c l i n t l l r t c l r l r n r .l t n c l t l t c n n r i x e c l s i t h
r r s p h e l tl t i n r l t r : r n c l c o n l i n t r o u s l r ' f c t l t o l t s t r r g c b i n o r s t ( ) r e g es i k r . T h c r c r t t e r t I t L r r t l t c ro l r r l t t s
i r t s l t i c h t h i s p r o r . c s sc l L n 1 ; r k c p l r r t t , . l r r r c lt l r c s c t i l l b c c l e s t l i l r c t l . i l r i u t v c r . t h t r t r L r ( ' s ( n t l e
b r r s i t . t r r n r r r r o n( ) p c r i l t i ( ) n st l r i r t \ \ ' i l 1f i f s ( l r c c l i s c L r s s e c l .
-l'he
h c l r l t o l l h e r l n r n r n r i x p l r r n t i s l l r t ' r l l L r n r c l r r e r r r r i r t r i l s c l l l l i s s i n t i l r t ri n i l t ' s i g n e n t l
c ( ) n s t r u c t i ( ) nt ( ) i r ( r ) n ! c n l i ( ) n i L ll r e t t l r p l e n t r ' O t e n c l | r c r ' .( ' \ ( ( l ) t 1 ] r i l lr c l l l r r t tn t i x c I n ( ) 1( ) n l \ ( l L i ( s
t l l c : t g g l r g ; l t c l r L r ta l s o l r l e n c l sl l r r r L g g r r g r i l eu r . r crl L s P h r r ltt( ) g e t l l e f i n t o r r h o t r r i x l t t | e .
A g g l c g u t c t : n l c r s l l r t : p l i r r l L l r z o n c o l t h c c l r L r n rs. l r c r c l t c r L tl r o n r t l i t l r t t l n e l c l r i e sl l r t ( l I l t i t l s
it. fltc lrggr-eglrtetltcl-l Ilto\es 1o a sctoncllrn zonc. titlrcl in tlrc srtnrc tlttun or li reLlte(l l()!,ttxrn.
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u h c r c u s p l i : r l t l r i n c l c r i s e c l c l e de n c l t l r r r l o u l c t h ( 1 1 ) u g l r l vl r l e r . t c l c t l . m i x t r . r f co l - I r r t r t s p l l r l t
Inrl thr nroislrrre relelsecl froln lhc lggrcgxtr prrclutes a iirartting lllrss thiLt tntps tttLtclt ol thc
f i n e r r L L t e l i a(l c l r r s t ) l r n r lc ( ) l L t st h c l r r r g c l p a f i i t l e s .
It is inrp()rtxnt thllt tlrr uggrrg:ltc in tl)e clrunr not onlv r()tiltr \ itlr thc rtr olving llt()ti()n ()1
t h ( ( l r u n r . l l r l a l s o s p r e a d o u t s u f l i t i e n t l l t ( ) l n l l k c l r e : L t i n gl L n c lr l r l i n g o f l i l l p l L t t i c l c sr l t i i c k l t r t c l
cfficirrrt. I)rurrr rnixels are ec1ui1:rpecl sith s;rccielll,clcsignecl llighrs to crciLle x \eil of rtgglc-
!l]tc xt xpllropriatr pilrls ()f the clrunr firr olrtlining maxirDurrr ch-rir.tg ltnrl nrininrLlnl exllrlLLst
grlscs.
A s p f l t l t b i n c l c r i s p L r n r p e r lf i o r r r t h c e s p h u l t s t r x e g c l a n k r n c i c n t e r s t h c I l i r i n g c l r L r t ne t t h e
xppr()priltc point in accorri;rncc u itlr tlre ciesign ol thc proccss. \\'ht:n the' rsphelt bincler is
eclclcclitrtO tltc (lnlln. it is yrLrrrpeclinI() tire l)()fi()nl Ol thc clninr xt xlx)Lrt thc s] rc l()cilti()n tllxt

PI-AN'I'oPT-R,\TI()-' -{
 HotMir0ischarge

fllri lhlmllirt'r{(irtulr:s
liqrifc'r,i-l):tildlel ol \sis:l

HolMixDischarge

i i : i i l l ' r 'I i : r , l ; , t l tt l : t r t :j 'l i i t : : t1 1 t , . ; . t ' r l . l t i l ' l i '!].,,;:r,i.l ' r

t h c n t i n c l r r l f i l l c l r r n < lo r l r r r g l r o t r s cI i r . r c su r t i n t r o ( l u ( r ( 1 . A c l c l i n gr s p i r r r l t l r i n c l t r r t n c i c l t t s ti t t r l o s c
( ) f t h t l j r . t e sl t n c l c t l l u ll l r e t t t b e l i r c t h e t l r r t :
l ) r ( ) \ i r l t r t \ : t l k . r l s t l r r u s p l r e l tt o t r a p l g r r r c l p ( ) f i i c l n
l t i c k c c l L r l t l N t h e l t i g l t r r l O c i t t e x l t r r u s tg a s s t r c a n r .T I r e e x h l t u s t g l s c s r L r ( 'l l a s s e c lt h r r ) r t g l l r Lc l t t s t
r O l l , . : r 1 i O snv s l c r r tr r l i t l t t n o L r g h ( ) f t h c | t n r l L i n i n g ( l L r s ti s t r x p p c l l l n c i r e t t t o r t t l t ( ) I t t ( ' ( { ( ] l t l l s f i l ( ) n
re(lLrirenlents.
()l tht
trli\ t( rr l)('rL ' : t ur ( ' i s n r o n i t o r e c lc ( ) n t i n u o r i s l vl } a s c n s i n g d c r i c c l t t t l r t c l i s c l t : t t g ce r l r l
r l r u l t n t i r t ' r ' . ' [ ' l l r l c r ] r l l c n r t L r r er e c o r c l e rl n c l c > t h t l i n t l i t r t t o l s . l r e l o c l L t t ( l i n t l r e t o t t t l o l h o L t s t ' .A
suirulrlc nrcrurs trn be provi<1erlfirr insl.rccting encl sanrpling llre I I\l-{ rtt tht tliscltergt cncl of
Ulc OrLrn.

'l'lte
Bufnef 0perationand C0ntrul ptrr;roseof tlre llrncr insi(lc thc rlnrnr rrrixel is to proviclt'
e s e c li n t h c l i n l r l n r i x l t n ' cT
t h ( , l r ( ' 1 rnt c ( e s s i l n t ( ) h e l l t l n c l r l r - r ' t h t l r g g r e g l r l u . l l e l l r t r n c rP r o \ i ( l c s

urnnroPrRArr()Ns
F
 'l-he
tltis heat bl llrrning luel normrllv ()il, nrtrrntl gas. prop:lne. or coal. crrntrols for lhe l>urn-
er ltrc krceled in the crrntrol house.
\\'hcn oil is ltttrttccl. krrv prtssure air rlnrlis ere usecl t() llt()ntizc the firel oil fir lrurning.
llttlt.ters Ltsing nlttr-rra1glLs:tncl pnrpltne cln ire lixr-plessulc or high,prcssurc units. In aii c:rses.
tlrc fuel lc'ecl ltnd eir ltlorlcr rttust lrt bltlltr.tct'rito ensruc thlt tlre pr()pel prop()rti(nrs of fircl lncL
lil ltre lleir.tg intr()(lucecl into the' lrr.rrncl liir efllcicnt cornbustion. Latk of bahncc cen lead tc>
itrcotrtpletc lltrning of thc I'uel. u hich. espet iallv in the cusc ol- firel oil ()r diesel firel. crn lcuve
lln oill coetin! ()l) tlle llggregilte pllfiicles. Sriclr imblrllrr.rcc-sl)et\\r(:n tircl fi'ecl lncl airtlru clrn
lrt'torretted lrv cither clccrc:rsing the fuel leecl rate ()r it)crcusing lllr l)l()\\'cr or alrxfi lir.

urix ()pcmti()n.lrccuuseIror nrix nsph:rltis plxlurecl

Bins,Silosand WeighSystensIn l clrLrrn
ill lt contirlttous ll<xr'. it is ne(csslln t() Irilve a srirge l)in ()r st(x:lg( sil() fi)r tcntp(xxn st()rxgc ()f
tlte- trtetcrirtl rtncl firr controllecl loacling of tnrcks. 'l'hc weiglrt ol tlN{-A,in the rrLrcks is nonnally
clclcttninctl llv tlte rtsc ol pllLlfirrm sceles. The \1,eigir s)'stem c()lltt'()l prnel l()(lLtc(i in tlte c()lttr(t
lrr>usctr'pic lllt rccorcls rrt'iglrt nte:lsurrllt(,n1s.

D>Ditterent0esignsot DrunMixPlants
'l
Patallel Flow he originul tlrLrnr mir plunls s clc ol the pur:rlltl tlorr tt 1;e. ur.rtlfirr nlrnr'
Vcllrs tl)e\' \\'('rc rl)c tttititrstll\ of clrLtnt rtti-rcls. In tirc prillrllcl flos pltrnt. lllllrcgulc enlefs lltc
t l r t t r t l o n t l r c l r r t r n c l s i r l e l r n c ll k r l s i n r h c s l r n r t ' t l i r c c t i o n l s { p r r l r t l l t l k ) ) t h e l t ( ) l g l s t , s . A s p h l r l t
l t i t t c l e l i s i n t t o d L L c t c :l l l ) ( ) u t( ) r ) e t l r i r c l o f t h e d r t r n t l e n g t h l i r r n r t h t ' r l i s c l l r r g c e n c l , e s l L r t 'l r n \ .
e c l c l i t i o n a li l n e s ( r l u s t ) n e ( c s s i l r \ ' l i r r t h c n t i r .
'lhc
l)er(entrLgc o1 1;:rlallcl f)ou plants hes clecreasecl si.qnific:rnth in r(,(.orr \(:lrs. c\cn
l l l ( ) t l g h t l l l L n v x r t s t i l l i n ( ' x i s t c n c e l n c l s o m e n e \ \ ' ( ) n ( , s l r r c b e i n g p r o c l t r c c c l .I h c ' p : r r e 1 i r , 1 flou
pr()ccss is sh()\\'n ilt FigLIc -t +;

Countel Fl0w In tlle ( ()untcr flou clnrnr nri\ pllrnt. lllgrcgrte entrrs thc cLrLrntthr'orreh thc
c n d o p p o s i t c t l t e b t t r n c l u n c l f l o u s i n t h c o y r p o s i t c( l i r e ( 1 i ( ) no 1 t l t c e x l r e L r s gt e s c s . ' l h c l ) u r r r s r r r
c x t e n t l e c l : l l ) r l P P r ( t l p r i a t (cl i s l i l n c e i n l o l l r c t l f t r n r s ( ) t h i r l l i r c b u l n t t l l : r n r e i s i n l r o c l t r c c c l t e t O r . r c l
t l l e P ( ) i l l t s l l e r e l l t t ' l t i r t t l e l i s i n j t c t e r l ; r n r l n r i x i n g o l r L g g r c , q l t t:(u . r crl t s p l r : t l lt : r k c p l l r c c . F i g u r e
L l i J i l l t l s t r l r t e st l i t c ( ) L t n l ( ' rt l o u c l n r n r r n i x i r . r gp r o c t , s s u i t l t t l r e n t i x i n e y t c r t o n l c a l O i n l l l r s ; l l t ( ,
c l r L t t t ul l t e t e t h e c h r i n g i s l t c c o n t p l i s h c t l .l - l l c ( ( ) L l n t e rl l o s c l n i n u l t r o c c : s i s l r l s o u s e c l i n o l l t t r '
\ l L r i l t t i ( ) nos 1 - c l t L r nnt I x p l : t n t s .

Coater Units A c(xltcr" rtnit cun be uclclerlto tlre clisthrrrgc cnd of u prLrullcl tlos or counl(,r
llon clnttn rttixct. llte llggregetc is heatctl ancl clriecl in thr cllunr enrl trlrnsfi'rrr-,clt() tlle c()ater
l o l r t t i , r i n gu i t l r l r s p h l t l t l r i n r l ' r . ' l h e e s p h a l t c l r n l r e i n j e c t c t l l t t l r ( , c \ l r r n t r t n t l o f t h c c l l e r o r
'l
i n t ( ) l l l t c o l l t c r . l t t ' r t r i v l t r t t a g co f t h c c o u t e r i s t h l l t i t t l l k e s l l t ( n t i \ i r . t g l t r ( ) ( e s s( ) u t ( ) t t l t e
l)iltll ()l
t h ( ' h ( ) t t \ h i l L r s t g l t s c s . I t e l s o x \ 1 ) i c l sp ( ) t c n t i r l s t t a n r t l i s t i l l l r t j o no f t h c r r s p h r r l tl r i n c l c r . ' l h c c r i l r t e r
( i l r l l ) c ( i t l t t r l t s i r t g l c o l c k r L r b l cs i r e t l
; l u g n r i l 1o l e n i l u g c r n r i x r r I r i g r r r l l 1 ( ) As l l ( ) \ \ s a p l r l t t l l t ' l
l l o u t l n t r t t t t t i x t ' r u i t l t r t r r u l e t l t n c l F i g u r ( ' L . l 9 l l s l r o u s I r r t r n t c r - l l o u c l r r r n rn r i x c r * i t l t l t
( ( )lLI('f.

'I'ltc
DoahleBarrel I)oublc llerrr'l clnrnr rri\ plurt utilizes r (()untcr 1l()\\ clnel as rrrr"inncr
( l r L r r l l..\ l l L f g c rt l i t r t t e l c t ( ) L l t c r ( l n r r n c r x r r s r r l l r r t n v o - t h i r c l so f l l t c i n n e r c l r u r nr r n t l l i r n n s u
r l l i x i l . t gt h t t r l t l l c r .r r l t e r e t h c r g g r ' t q i r r (r t r t cel s p h l r l tb i n c l c le r r n r i x e t ll r l t c l t l t c u g g r c g : r t ci s ( l r i e ( l
 Exhausl

4LJ-

Asphalt
Einder
0rumMir Coater
HotMixDischarge

liixin'l, t'i\ |inLlltl|ir;l I)ninl)nrr\\ itiil tiutrl

Exhaust V i r g i n
Aggreqate
t

HolMixDischarqe

|rlLurt.lr)lJ(llLrnli'r (iirililr's11\:llr:l
l:lrilllr,u'lJnul\\iihlr{!r;Ltil'

i n t l ) e i n n c r r l r L u r r . 'hl c l s p h a l t b i n c l e rl r n c ll i n c s l r e l c l d c c lt h r o u g h t h e l r o t t o n ro l t h c o L L t csr l r c l l
int() tllc rlti-\ingclrarrrlrcr.uncl lLnlv fronr the llo,,r,r>fllx gxscs in the clrrcr. I'i.qurc 1.50shons
I l r i s ( ( ) n t i g u r x t)i n
(.

lfiple DfUn'lhe Tliplr I)r'Lrnrr\r plunt is e clftrnrnrix plant thrLtti'uturts rrr rxtcncltti counter'
f k x r c l n r n rt h r l t c ( ) n t x i r . lf sl r r q ' ct l i s t i n c tz o n c s t i r r r l r T i n gl r n r l h ( l l t j n g i l n ( l f i r r r r i x i n g . ' l h t ' l r g g | r '
g l r t t i s c l r i e cllt n c lh e a L e ci n l t l r c f i r s t l r n r l l r x r g c s tz o n c . l n t h c s c c o n c zl r > n c( u h r r c t h , : l l r r n c l r . '
l ( ) ( i l t e a l ) r l ) r ; l g g r e g l l tf rl o , , r ' sp l r r t l . 'i n t h c i n n e l t l r r - u l( u n c l c rt h c I l l n r c t l r n r l p l r r t l r i n t h e c h l r n r
b c l l i x r t r e c l ) \ t l l e ( ) u l t r r l n r n r : r r o u n ctli r e f l l r n r e .I t g c t s l r c i c l i t i o n l r lr l l t i n g l l s i t n r o r c s p l r s tt h t

()r,r.rRA.i()\s
F,,,.^.,
 RAP Exhausl
Virgin

f Aggregale

Asphalt
Binder

|igml i0 Drxrhlc
lilu'elDnrnt
lliro'((irunts
of\srec)

SpiralFlights

Mixing 1. Dryinq
(Conduclive, (Convective,
Sadianl) 2. Combuslion
(Radiant, Radiant)
Conduclive)

'fripk: ((irutesr
trigulc
+.iI Dlnrl)nrr/llirrr ol{,\ll)

flatt.te arc:t. When the aggrcgate rc:lches the tlrircl zone. aspluh lrincler is lclclccl lnci ntiril3
takes place. This process is shou n in Figurc ui.5l.

DoubleDrun TIte Doultle l)runtr\r plent m:rkes use of nt'o scper:rteclnrms.l corLntert-191.
clrunl firr cln ing ancl heating the xggrcgateancl a smallcr rotan' mixer frrr corltrining tlre aggre-
Sxte rnd asphrlt lrincier.Thc aggregatef-loq'sfrom the ciryel cirum to thc r()tln-mixer. q,hcre thc
esphalt ancl fines arc injecteclneaI thc enlrance.'lhis type Of drum r.nixplnnt is sitown in Figure

PLANT OI'F]RATIO'\IS (
 BotaryMixinqDrum

\:i""

, CounterFlowDryerDrum

l t , l t : : ' , : ; . .lii ' r i t i , r i t ' r : l j lj:tttri :, t' ,li:l : ' l : : i i . , ,l : l : ; tiil : , i i t ' !l ,i , : l t . l r l

F,,,.^rr()r,r.Rdn()NS
D>BecyclingWithA DrunMixPlant
T l t c i n l r o t l r t c t i l l l t O l l e c l e i n r t c l r L s p h ] l t p a r e r r e n t ( l i 1 l ) ) i n t ( ) e t l I u r r r r r r i x i r r g( ) l ) c t l l t i ( ) ni \ , l u i t (
r l i f t r - ' r c r tltr i i t t t t l t t r t t ' f l r o t l s L t s r - di r t e l ) i L t ( l l l ) l . r n t . I l . \ l ' i s r r t k l t c l i n i t s n r r t L r l r ls t l l l c i n t ( ) t h e c l l u r r r
tltix1lt.tlr.r.'sss()tlrllti1cltlttt.:.r.,itt'lltlIllLl1(lt.tlnllliIlt,lritlltIlt,sLt1lt,t.llr.,lttt'clit1.|('glt(,
a t l t l i t i o r ro f r t s l t l l t l t l t i r . t c l c r I' .l r i s s o l l t n s t l r c o l r l r r : p l r . r l tr r r ( l l r ( ' i l l i t l r r - ' I t . \ 1 'r] \. t t h c s l u l e t i t n c t l l r
1 t < t t t tilt f t ' t t l l t ( ) l t l t c I l 1 l ' ] i s k t p t l t : l l L r l L r i r r r f l o n r l l r c I l r r n r r ' : r sp l r r t l i c r r l .S l t ' : r n ri s r ' , . ' l c l t s cst lh c n
.l
t l l c l l , \ l ) ( o r t t c s i t t r o t . r l r t c tr i i t l r t h c . r r P t l l r t ' l r t t ' c l , q g f ( ' g r l t ( ' l r t ' c l r r r r n l i l rr r n r l r l r i s t r r r c a ( n i t c r ' ] (t ) f
l l l ( ' I i . \ l ) ( l ( t ( l t t i r l c \ t l l ( ' i n l ( ' n s i t \ ( ) 1l l r ( ' 5 l r i r r . I I r L ' r 1 L r r r I oi tlr l l r t ' r t ' s i r l l i n gl t i r r ' l r - ' trlt i r i l t ' P c n r l s
o r t t l t c t l t l t l i t r o l : t l l t l r c r r t l t ' r ' i r t l sr r s c c l{ i n r l L r t l r n gl i . \ 1 ' ] ) .t l r t ' I ) r ( ) l ) ( ) r 1 i ( ) nuss t ' c l r r n r l l l r c n r c t l r o t l
i l r s l t i , : l t t l t c r r L l e, . o r r r l r i r trcl I i i g L r l e+ . 5 J s l r o s s I l . \ l ) l x ' i n g i n t n r r l t r r r ' c li n l ( ) r l ( l r L l l l tl l t i \ l ) l l t n t .
I I r l l t t ' l l l t r t l l t l l l o s t l t L t n rn l i \ c r . l l A I ) i s e t l t l t ' c it l r r o L r g l r : rc o l l r r l i n t l r c t o p o l t l t c c l r r u n l o t r t t
t ' t l j L t s tb c r o r t c l i l s l r i t l p o i n i ( l r i ! : L r r ci . r - ) . l l r \ 1 , i s : l ( l c i ( , ( it ( ) l l t c c ( ) u l t t c r f l o u c l r r r n tl l i \ e r t l t r ( ) L l g l t
i L ( ( ) l l i l ri l l i l l ) ( ) i r t ji L r \ ll r e l r i n c tl l r e f l l t n r c .l t n c lr t p p r o r r r l u t c l rl u o t l r i l c l so l l l r r ' r l i s t l r r , t ec l o r r n
s l r ( ' 1 l Dtlf ( ) l I \ \ l t c r e l l l ( ' l L f g f ( ' g i l t r '( l l f c l s ( F i g u r t t . + i l ) .
'I
l t t l t r r r r r l l e ll l o r r r l l v c r u i t l t l r t o a t t ' r ' r ' t ' c t ' i r t ' sl l r t I i . \ l ) i n t l r r ' s i l l l ( ' n r i l l l ) ( ' 1 . r r r t c l o c l r l i o n : r s
'l
t l t t ' l l t t t l l c l l l o r c l r L u nn r i x t ' r ' ( l ' i g L r e+ + ( ) . \ ) l r ( ' c o t r n l t r i l o u c i n t r s i t l r l l ( ( ) l t ( r r ( c c i \ e 5 t l t (
l l , \ l ) r t l t ] r t ' ( ' n t r l l l r ( ( ' o l t l t e c r L r t t , r( l i i ! u r t + l 9 l J )
'I]re
I ) i t r r l r l el J l L r r ccl i t r u t tr - n r \ L -r r\ ( \ . r r r r t r ' . r r t( l ) , ' 1 1i n t l r c t o P o t l l r e ( ) u l ( ' rr l r L r n or n l l r t
e n ( l l r ( ' i l r ( ' s t l r t ' l l r t r n e 1 r i a t l t l l l r e 1 l : \ l ' ( F i g u I t r i { ) ) 1 - l r i si n l r ( ) ( l u ( r s l l r r I l , \ l ) i n l ( ) 1 l r ( ' n r i x i n l - l
r l t : u n l r c t l r t ' f i r r c t h e r r s p l l r l t l r i n r l t r . r r L l o s i r r gl l l ( , l r ( ) t r ! g f e g l l e r r n c ll l r t l r r ; r l f l o n t t l r c i n n c r d n r n t
l ( ) l l ( ' i l 1t h ( l l A I ) .
I t t t l t c l r . i l t l c - l ) r L u l )p l . l n l . l l ^ l ) ( ' n t c r s t i r t r l l L r n rn r a l i t s r n i t l p o i n l l r n r l l l r r ' o L r g hl l n o p c n l n . q l n
t l l ( l ( ) l ) ( ) f l l l ( ' ( ) L l l t r r l r r r n r ( F i s l r l e t . 5 l ) . I t A I ' i s n t i x c c l r , , i t l i r r r , - l r n. t . l , t l ( : t - r r r- r \ r r r \ ( - r l r r - r l l t l s l
t h t ' l l r t r t t c i t - rr t c l t ; r n r l r t ' rf i r r n r c c ll r r l l r t i n n ( ' r r l r r u n . r r l t i c l t s L r L r o u n r l lsl i t l l a n r c . z a n t l t l r c o u r e r '
rlrlrrr.
'I'lre
| O l l L | r 'r n i x t ' t . r t r s c < t t r - t t li l L r n r .i s w l t c l e I i , \ l ) i s l t k i c c l i n t l t r c l o u l r l t ' c l r L r n p r lunl (l'igrue
+ . 5 1 ) .T I r t ' I l A l ) t n f t ' r s i l l t l t c c n ( l O f l l t ( n t i x c r l t l l ) ( ) u t t ] r t s r r r r c l ) ( ) i n l t l l x l 1 l l ( ,l l r r l c ( l r r g g r ( , g 1 1 ( '
l t n r l a s p l r a i t l . l i n c l c r:'L r ei n t r ( ) ( l u r c ( 1 .

l ' l\ \ l l , 1 ' 1 : 1 1
' \ 1\ 1 1 ,
<
 0biectives A t t l r t ' r r r n tl L r s i o no i t h r sc i r l p t c r . o n e s l r o L t l rl ir c
l l L r r i l j a lt i t h b : t s i ce s p h l L llt) i r \ i n g ( ) l ) c r r l t i ( ) rrr-sr n crl c
't'
1 , ' r r r t . r lI r - r ri 1 g !r,;rlttl, ' 1 \ lrncl:
T-
I ndtrstlurtl lull proccclrrrts for ltLrrtir-rl]ltot ntir lsltllrlt ( H\lA ).
l J e l a n ri l i r r ' N i t h t l i c r e ( l L l i l c J l l c n t 5
-rtclclsllrnrl
r i l s L r | t l t c t I ) t r l t l L t l t l i ( ) nl ) r i ( ) r t ( ) 1 ) r l \ i r ) g
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I ' n r i c r s t l r n c lt h c 1 - r l i nitp l e s t n c l l l r n c t i o n s ( ) l t n r l u t ( ) n l t l i ( s t l c < l r r t n l l o l .
I ntl'rsttrnrl l t o \ ' 1 o s t t 1 t f i r 1 t t r9' r ' r t k ' t ( ) l l t c ( t s n l ( ) ( ) t l t r ' t e \ssl ) c ( i i i ( i r l i o n s .
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r r - rt l r t ' I l r r r r l l i n g l n ( l p l l l c t l u r n t o f I I \ 1 . 4 . l h c r e l l L t i o n s l t i ; ot f r r n t c r i : r l s p r . o p e t .
t i c s e n c l t h c i r b c l t l t r i o l i n t l r c p l l r c c r r r e n t( ) p c l i l l i ( ) l t t l L l s t l ) e t l l ( ) r ( ) L t g l t l ru n c l c r
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tlrrrls ol clullitr tonslnrctkrn.
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s t r t r . t cl llr t p f ( ) j ( ' ( t s p c c i l l c l t i o r r s l n r l t l t c s c ( ) p e r i l t l t e \ o I k . , \ g t , r r c \ 'l n r l r ' o r r
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()pcnlti()ns lrr.rcltlre proptr rrse ol tltc pilviltg t(luil)llrnt. I
l l e t r t t t s c c O r t t r t t r r nlil(l i () n i s c s s c n t i l l l l i r l s r r r t t ' : s l L r lJ ] l l \ ' i l t . qL , l ) {t . t I i , , n \ - l
p r e ( o n s t r u ( t i ( ) n c o n l e I . t ' r r t t ' s l r o u l cbl e - l r r - l t l p r i o r t ( ) e : r c l l p i L \ L n gl ) l ( ) j e a t .
S L r c l rl t c o n f c ' L c n c cl l l o \ \ ' s t h e l ) r ( ) j r ( l c n g i n e e r . t h e J ) i l \ i n g : u l t e r t n t e n c l c r r t .l l t c
c ( ) n t l l c t o r . t h e x g r n ( \ r c J ) r c s c n t l l i \ c t r r t r lr i t l t e r s c l i r e c t l r i n r O l i e r l \ i t l r t l t t :
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Alleln;llivc proccriurest() llle plxlts.
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. Qulrlitv c()ntr()l l)llnsi rerrsons firr fciccti()n llcccl)tlnct ol tvolk.
. l sc ()f n('\\ ('(lIliJ)ntcn1()f tcsl ntcth(xls
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. P u \ i n g p l l n r y r r o c l u c t i o rl.lrl t . l l r L r l t l i s t l r n c e ,n L l l l l ) c r o l t l u c k s . r r r n l i n r r i n
() l ( ) p c t l L t i ( ) n .
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pre-constructi( )n conlercnce is the tirne for cluestions to be ans*ercd. p()tcntial prol)
lcms kr be rcsolvccl lncl chlnnels of corrrnunicltion lnrl corlm:rnrl to be cstablishecl. It is e
tinrc to establish reJationships uith tven'onr: inr'<>lveclin tlle pr()ject s() thllt c()nlusi()n ancl fric
ti()n can l)e avoicleci once plving ()perations begin.

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A t y p i c u l p a v i n g t r e u i s ; r t r i n r t h r r t i n c l u t i c s i n c l i v i c l u l l sI r e r i n g s p e c i u i i n t c r c s t i n t h c ( ) p e r e
t i o n . T l p i c : t l r t r c r t t l r e l so f l l r i s t e e r n e r e : p a | i n g s u p e r i n t c n c l c n t .p l l \ c r ( ) p c r u t ( ) r .t l L t n r p P t ' l s o r t .
screecl person. uncl a corrple of pcoplc to lutc lnrl takc <are of joints encl rnllt rcl)xirs. Th('
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t h c t r u c k l t n c l a s s i s t si n c l u r r r p i n gt l r e r r r e l c l i a l i n t o t h e p l t r c r l t c 4 r p c r . - l h i s p c t s o r t I t t ; t v e l s < r
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rcceir r lrncl rer irs the. knti tickcts fir kncl tinre. tclnl)cmturc lrncl tonnage. h,.: st reecl pclsort
( ) p c r a t c s t h c s t r r t ' t l s ( t t i n g f i ) r l ) r ( ) p c r ( l c p t h , s l l ( x ) t h n e s s . i r n ( l t ( ' x t L l r c .u h i l e c o n l i n i n g t h c m i r
s ( ) c ( ) n l l ) i l c t i ( ) nr \ ' i l l b c O l r t l r i r r l b l c .( l r r r c l i n l r t i o r ro f l l r e e n t i r e c r e r r \ i l l r 1 l l c l ) r \ e r o p e r l t t o r i s
csscntilrl t() lrclric\ c lrll thc tLcsi|ccl golrls.

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h(' I)r{)j('cf nrlrllg('r slrorrlcl lrt th()roLrghlr llrrnilirrr $ith tht' sPrc ificetior.tsur.tclsec tllrlt thc}'
r u l c c o n r p l i c c l s i t h c l u r i n g t h c l ) i r \ i n g ( ) p c n l t i o n . H i s r c s p o n s i b i l i t i c s i n r ' l r r c l ct l r e l i r l k r r r i l t g :

E n s r r r ct h l r t c l r c h k > l r c (l t n r i l i i s s r t i s l . l ( t ( ) r \ . t l l l r t c l x t e f r c t t l rt h t t n r r k l i t l i e ( s i s l c c o r c l e c l
luctrrrutclt . lncl tllrt rhc lxr cl is opclltctl propcrlr'. Shorrltl lrnv cleflt jenc ies lrpprlir in thc
nrxt clufing pllLcing. colrcctir)ns illt to bc macli.:lrefirrc the rrrix c rxrls.
Sec th.lt rrttcr.ltiolris giVt'rr to tlr.'trrilssLrch rrs Pr'opel thickness ol thc sprelttl. proptr sc('
t i ( ) n . j ( ) i n t s .s u r l u c e t e - x t u r r l n t l l r n i f i r r n r i t r ' .
. \ I ( ) n i t ( n ' t l l e t e n l p c r r l u r e o f t h t I I X I A [ o e n s l r r e l l ] r l t p f ( ) P c r r r r i x l r n c lc o n l p : l c t i ( ) nt c m p e r x
Iures ilre nilLint!linecl clrrling tlrt Jln irrg opcr':rti<xr.
o l l e r O u n r o r r s e n r l t : r c t f r r li n r l t ' l r l i n g s\ \ ' i t h t h c ( ( ) n t r i t ( i ( ) r 1 l n ( l i n [ c ( l L l e s t sI ( ) r c ( ) r r c c t i \ ' .
action lrlrcn nccessilrl .
. A s s L l r ct h l r t l r c c L L r . r t tr l.c t l t i l e c lI e c r r l c l sr r n c lc l i n r i e sl r r e k c p t . I n : t c l c i i t i i l n k r t h c i n f i r r n r e l r , , r t
i n c l L r r i c r ol n h r r L r tl i c k c t s . t h c r e : l r c o t h c r i r r r l r o r - t u ni t ( ' n r st h l l t n r L r s l r c r e r r r c l c c l l t s p l t l t o f
thc pcrrnrrncnt rccr>rcls.Anv unusrlrl occrLrrcnccs or chlrnges in c()nstnlcti()n lnc(lr()cis.
equipnrcnt. lrl)l)eilllncc. ol Iiancllir.tgpr()l)crties ol thc rtti-r shor-rlclbe notetl jn thc tlirut
l r l o n g r r i t h t h c s t l l t k ) r .(l l ( ) c x t i ( ) n ) o n t h c l r x r c l u l r r , ,h c l c t h c c h l r n g r u l r s n l L r l r . ' l l r c c l a i l v
r l i ; i r v i s i i r r t h c p l o j c c t n t l n l l g ( f s i n l o l r t l t t i o r r t l r r r i n g c o n s t l L r c t i ( ) nl.) L r lu p ( ) n r r r n r p l c t i o r - ot 1
c ( ) n s t r u r c t i ( )int s l r o t r l c l r e t r r n r t l L p a l t o f t l r t p e n r l l n c n l r ' c c o r c l so l t l l e l ) r ( ) i e c t .- \ t r p i c l r i
llltgc lronr rr'r illsl)c(t()rs tliulr, is sltoln in Irigurc 5.01.

l n r r t k i i t i o n t o t h e i n f ( ) r n r r l t i o ns l r o l r r e l r o r c . t h c l ) r o i e c t r r i x n r l g c f s h o r r l t Ll r s s u r t t h l l l l l l e t ( ) l
l < > r r i n gl r r c i n c l u t l c d i n t h e p f ( ) j c ( I r e r r ) f c l sl i r I e : t t h t t p e ( ) l n ] i \ t L l r c r r s t r l : t c s t r c p ( ) f i s ( ) n I r i \ t u r ( '
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i l l s p c c t ( ) 1 - sl e c o l c l s s l r o u l c l: t l s ( )n ( ) t r : L n t c l r l l r t s i n l l r r r r o l k a n c i l l r r i r ' ( : l L l s e s .. l s u c l l l t s l t l i s t o l
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H \ l A c : r n I t c l t l a c c r l ( ) n i t \ . i t r i c t v o f s r r r f l r c e s i.n t . l r r c l t n g :

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. ( ; r i l n u l x r l ) l r s cc o u t s t ' ( i t g g r e g x t e )
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(lert.tin ittsl)ccti(ln lLn(l c()nlr()l proceciures lrrc conrrn()lr l() thc prepurati(>n c>flll of thcse sru
t , t ( ( ' s . ( ) t h c - r sp t t t l t i n o n l v k ) ( ) r ) ! ' ( ) r t \ \ 1 ) t \ p e s o f s L r r l l r c c s .I t e n t s t ( ) i ) c p e r i i r r n t c c ll r n c l c l r c r . k e c l
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I l t g l L r c l l c s so l - t h c t i p e o f p l L r - e r t t c r t-or t i r c 1 > l a c e r lt,h e s r - r b g r r r c nl cr L l s tl r l e c t r e r t a i n s p c c i l i r e r r o r r
r c ( l t l i r e l l l c t t l s .I t l t t u s t l ) c P I O P c l l r g | l r t l c r l t o l i n t l r n c l g l i r t l e a < c r r r c l i n gt o t l t c p l : r n s . I t r u s t l X :
t l i o r o L r g h l vr r n i l L r n i l o r n r l vc ( x l l ) r l ( . 1 ( ' (tl( ) t l l r r e q u i l ( ' ( l ( l r n s i l \ .

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l r e s L r l r g t r t l cs l t o L r l t l r c i n s p ( ' ( 1 ( ' ( ti r i i c l t r . r t i l l l l r t l r s ( ) l s ( ) l i o r r i e l t l i l r g s o i l l l t r L lr L r t t o o u e r t l i
1 ( )l ) f o p t r l \ \ u l ) l ) ( ) f i t l t r : l ) l t v i l r g t q u i p r r c n t a n c l h r t L r lt r L t c k s .S t t t l t r t r t r t s s l t t t t t l r il r t c o t t c c l e c l l t t i o t '
I o p t r r i n g . ( l l t t c k s s l t o r r l c l r t l l r c l c o l - l r o t h l l t e I l r L n s l r r s c r i n c l l o n . q iLt r r l i n r tgl l l t l t I i e i t h c r i s r r , , t
l r l l t i r t t o l c l r n c t . t l t t ' g l l t t l e l l t L r s tl x c ( ) n ( ' ( t ( ' i l . l r t l c l t o r i r t g n t i t t t r i i l l . o l l r r : t t l c l i t t gr t t t t l t r t t t t l l t t t -
j n g n r i t ( ' r i i l l s i r t i i l l t rl O t h i r t l l l l e l l ( l \ i D
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( ) n ( ' i n l l t i c l t r t s l ) l l r l l tI l t i \ t L l f t s l t r e
l r l L , p r r r i n gt h r s L r b g r : r t l eA. F L r l l - 1 ) c p t hl r s p l r L l l p r r r-cl r t t c n t i s
r r s c r lf o l e l l r r t r l s e s ( h r c r s ) l r b o r c t l r c s L r b g l l r r k ' . ] r c I t , \ l A l l r s r ' ! s p l l t r t c l c l i r c c t l vo r r l l r t p t c
p e l t t l s L r l r g l u t l c .I i r r l i ' L r l ll ) e p t h l s p l l L l t l ) u \ c r l c n t t o l r t ' p l l t c t ' t l p l o p c r l r . t l t e s r t l r g r : t t l es u r ' 1 : t c t
n i r s t l r t f i l n . ] r e l t l l L n t l L r r r r i e l c l i n gt (,) i r f h i ( \ ( l r r o p t l c l e n s i t r i n t l r c I l \ l \ r t r L t t s e .I l s l l o L r l ( l ) (
f l c t ' o f l < x r s t l ) l L r l i ( l e 5i l n ( l l r r c u n i u l l i t i o n . o i t l L r t . I l l l r c s u l ) S r : r ( l tI l t s , . l l i c c l : u t r l l t t c o r t t t s l o o s t '
r r t ( l ( l u s t ! r l L r t , t o t o n s l n r c l i o n t [ a l f i r . i t s i r o r r i r ll ) ( ' \ \ l l l t r c ( 1 . l i g l r t l i l r l l r t l ( c l i u r ( l f ( ) l l e ( l l ) r i ( ) f 1 ( )
p l r r r e n r r ' n lo l t l r e I I \ 1 . \ c r t r l s e .

B a s e C o u r s e A l r u s c c O r r r s r (' i t : r l ) ( ' ( ' i t h ( ' r t r l r t l c ' r ' o l g l l r n u l l r r n l L t t f i r L l( . r . ! ] g f ( g r t () l ) l i l ( ( ' ( l o t l

t l t t s L r l r q l r c l er n c l c o r r r P l r c t c tol r ' . i n t l r e c l r s e o l I ' l r l l - l ) t ' 1 r 1 l r s P l l L l tl ) i t \ c r l t c l t t . l t l r t t c r o l l t s l t l t a l t
c ( ) l t ( r ( l ( , .I r r r . i t l r c r ' ( l r s rl.l r c l r r s c r r r r s l h c r r r t i l i r l Dirn s t r c n g l l rl r n c lu i l l r i n g r i r ( l ( ' l o l t r i l r t ( e s . r i
r c ( l u i l c ( l l r v l l r t s p c r i t i i e t i o n s . l n a t i t l i t i o n . t h c s L r l f r r c ts l r r L r l t l l r e l r e c o f t l t l u i s : u r c l a c c r u t t r t l l L
1 i ( ) l t s( ) f ( l u \ t . I f l l r t ' l l r s t ' r r l r r s t ' i s : l n L l r ) l ) ( ) L r nl(l 1
i t t t f i l l l i u r ( l ] l t s l t t e r t l t r i r t t r . ' ttlr i t l t l L , . L t l l l l t c k
r r s p h : r l t .i t s l l l r l c l l r t ( r r r t ( l u n d i t c c o l c l i l l r c n t . l l r r - b r r s t 'i s l l l r n s \ \ c l ) t l i g l r t l r l i t l r i L l ) ( ) \ \ c r
l l r x r r n t o f t n r o r t ' l i r r s , . ' p l l l i t l t ' s f l o r t t l t c s L r l l t c el ) r i ( ) r ' t ( p) l l L ( c n t c l l (t ) l t l t ( ' \ l \ ( ( ) t t f s e .I l t l l e
l r r l s e c o u r s e i s l L n i l \ 1 , \ l r a s r i l s l r o L r l c1i r t s u e p t u i t l r r r p o l r . ' rl'r r r x r n r l i r r f ( n r ( ) \ i L l ( ) l l < x r s cl , . r t
r l t ' s l n i l c l L r s l. \ l : r r k r r [ r l i s r r p p l i c r l j u s t ] ) r i ( ) r t o p l r t , : i r t gs u l r s c c l r t c t tlt) r t \ ( ' l l t ( ' t r lL l V c r s .

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i l t . J . l r l r n l ( l I i n . ) t ( ) 1 z . 5 n t n t ( 1 2 i n . ) x l x ) \ c t i r c n ( ) s r l ) ( ) i n t r l 1 t h c s c r t : e c l( S c e F i g t t r c 5 . 2 0 4 ) .
T l t c s t ' r e c d h r r s t i r n v r L l ccl r o l n a n c l r e u r c r ( ) \ \ 1 r .r r h i t l r i s s e t t ( ) l l l k ) \ \ ' t l r t n r a t e r i x l r o l l o u ' t v e n l t ' .
r e t l r e L n t i l o l r n l t c o n f i n c r l r r n c l e l t h e s c r c c c ll r s i t i s p L r l l e c tl h r o t r g h t h t ' n r : l s s . I l n ( ) t I ) r ( ) p t r l \ ' s e t .
n l x t t e \ t r L r c r r i l l b e n o n l r n i f i r r r r u n c l t l r e r e u i l l b c c x < c s s i v e \ \ f l l r ( ) n t h e s c r e c ' d .l t s s l t o r r ' n i t t
I r i g r r l c i . 2 0 i i . C 1 1 ) \ \ ' nl ( l j u s l n l e n l ( o n t r ( ) l s l r r c s h o s n i n F i g r - r r c5 . I ( r f i r h r r r . r tr t r t c lr c l t r o f l l t c
sr';ctcl.

S t a r t i n g B l o c k s S t u r t i n g l r l o c k s e r l t r e l r o 1 . 1 ; t i u r c s t l r e t l r i t k n c s s o f t h t ' r r n t o r r r p u c t c c ll l r : r l : r r c
l e c l i r i l e c lt ( ) s c t t h c t h i c k n c s s ; L n c l1 o n u l l t h c s c l c c d . I l v i r s i n g s t r r f i i n g I ) l ( x l i s l l r e g l l t t l c c r t n l r e
r r n c l o s t l t t t l t c l ) ( ' g i l l t i l t g o l l h e o p e m t i o n . l l l o c k s c r l t r a l t ( ) f i l ) ( ' r ( ( ' n l o l 1 1 t t r L l t c o t t t p ; t r ' t1e t
t l t i c k n e s s l r r c L r s e cllo s t u l t l l r r n r a j o i n t . ' l h e 2 5 p e r ( e n t r t c l c l i t i o : r l tl l r i r ' l i n c s sl t l l o u ' s f i r r ; r r o p c t
r o l l c k l v n ( n - ( ( n l t p i r c t i ( ) n\ \ h i l c l t l t i n t e i n i n g p r ( ) l ) e r g n l d r . I ' i g i l f ( ' 5 . 1 1 i l l i l s t r x t t s l l l e L I S eo l s t l t l l
in.q l:lloiks uncler the screecl.
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i n g . P r ( ) j c c t st l ) l L t( o n l l l i n s e r e r a l c l i l l e l e n t c o r r r s c so f n r i x t r r t s l t t c l i f f f r c n t t l t i c k n c s s r : su i l l
LequiLc st.rclrri tliffi:rt:nt tllickncsses ol shinrs. llxtordecl scrcctls llill recluire tuttltiplc sltirtis lirr
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sitt ltJlri pavenrent sr]r(x )thness.

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Screed Accessofies trllcs oi coltllrlotlll usecl sctcctl lt'lc t-ssoties lttc sct-ctrl exlellsi()lls.
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r t t , - ' t t t e t r tllt l l t t c s r n s t t l t c l i n t o t h c s t r c t - r l t o l t ' r l r r c t :t l r t s i t l t h o f t h c n l r t b e i n g p l l c c t l . S l r l r c
P l l L t t sr l r c t t t c t r t lp l e t t ' s t h r t t r r r c p l r t c c c la t l l r r e n c l o f t l r e s c t e e t l l t n r l c r r n b c r r c l j u s t c ct lo p l l t c c l r
p l l f l i c u l i l r s l o l > co r r t l t r p l l V c n t c n t r c l g e .

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t l u r t t p t r - t t t k i n c ( n l t l c l r r i t l r t l r c p l r r c r ' . I f . t l u l i n g c l L r n r p i n gl.l r ( , l n l ( l i : r n c l t l r c p l i r t l s c p l r r i r t r i L n ( l
I I l l r \ s p i l l s . i t n t l t s t l r c r l t r u t . ' r l L t l r I r c i i r r c t l r t l ) : l \ c r l ) i l s t s o r r r i t o r i l r r i l l i l L r r s r r o L r g h n c s si r r
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t e l c h c s L t t t c l c rt h e t l r - t i k l n r l h r x r k s o l t t o l l r ( ' t r r r c k s l t l r ' : r r l r ' I - h c ( ) t l t c l s v s t c n l u s c s r ( t f l l c t : t l ) l c
I . O l l e t st l t a l i r r ( : r t t . l c l l e ( l ( ) t l l ( t n r c k P r r s h 1 r a I e n c 1g l i y r l l r r ( ) u l c r s i ( l e ( ) f 1 l r ( 't n r c k s f e l r \ \ ' h c c l s .
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p : r \ ( ' f l l l r t l r c l j L r s trsr l r c r r l l i q n m c n t b c n l c e n t l r e t r u r k r r n c lt l r t p l r c l i s L l n e \ c n . l h c c l c r i c e
I t c l u c c s ( l r c t t n e r c I t l i r l r c r : x t : r ' t < 'or ln t i r c p a r r r l r r t l r e r r r i s a l i q n e cLi r r c k . n r i n i n t i z i n g i n t c r ' l i r c n c c
in the slccring of llrtlr rtlticlcr.

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s l r t t l c l t t t c c t a l l s p c t i f i c l r t i o n r c ( l L l i r c n r e n l so f s i z t , t r > l r f i g u l t r t i o nl t l r c lt l r l ) s t l l l l c i l r c l s . ' \ n v r e l r l s c
r l , q c r t t st l s t c l l ( ) l r c i r I t r u c k l l ( c l s s l r o L r l cllr e l r l l p r o V c r l b I t h e r r g e n r t . T I t e l t e s i t i n f i r n l l l L t i O nf i r r
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i r r g L r s co f t e c l r t r l t r e l r p r c s c n t c c l i n l x t e r s c c t i ( ) n s .P r r s e n t e c lb c l o l i s g e n ( r l l i r t f i ) r l t t i l l i ( ) np e r -
r i r ' r c n t o r L l lt V p c s o l t l u c k s r r s e t ll i r I h r L L r l i n g IIXIA.
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1 l r ' o c l L r c t i or ni L t c] t 1 l ) c l ) l l n t . t h ( , l t ' n g t ) r o l t h c I n l r l . l l l ( ' l \ l ) c
e r p t , r ' t t ' r i l j n l e n c c ( l c ( l t i > r ' L r n k l t c l i n gT. l r t n r r r n l r t l o f s p e c i l i r ' t r r t t l i s l r ' t l r t i r t t l t ( ) k ( ( ' P l l l c l ) i l \ ( ' r
n x l i n q c l r r r l x ( , s t i n r i l t r , (tlr s i n g t h t r o l r n t l t r i p t i n r t c l i r i c l c , :llr r I I r t l o r t c ll i t t t e . l t l L t so l t e .
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g l L t c s ( ) l l l l t . s l t c n l c l r l r s t r l . t l l r n l i \ ( L r r e s j l l l l x r t l t l r e l r ( ) l ) l ) e l .\ \ l r e n l l t e t r t i l g r t t t ' i : t t ' l c r t s e c l
u i l l t o t r t r e i s i n g t h c l t t , r l , s t : g l e g l t i ( ) n ( ) c c L l r sl c r ( ) s s t l l c I r o p p t r . l . r t L I rt i n r r t h ! b e t l i s l e i : t c l I t i . q l t
( , 1 ,l l t r n . l i x t L l r cs h o r r l c ln t o r e i n r n l s s t o t l r r c l t h ( ' t x i l g l l t e . ' l h t l t o p p e r i s t l t c r t f l o < x l t t l e l t c l l t i t t l c
tlre hciglrt ot tlrt'lrecl js incrcusccl.

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l u n c lI | e e ( ) l h O l t s . r \ l l t I r r c k s r l t L L snt l e r t n r i n i n r u r r rs r f i ' t Y t I i t e r i e . E l t c h t t - L r t kr t l t t s l l l c c l t ' l t t l Vn r t l t t -
l r c r c c i l i r r c l l s v i c l e n t i f i c : it(t) n l t t t t l r t t L t s lt r t ' e < l t r i p p e c l\ \ ' i t l l i l t e r p l t t r l i n .
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r u s p l u r l ltr r r r n s t i ( k i n g t ( ) t l r c s u r l l c e s < > ft h e l r e c l .A l t c r t h e l r e c l i s c o l t t c c l .r t t t t ' c x t c s s r c l e a s t
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l j s l t u t r i r c N r i g i r t ( r . r n l o r c l c r$l c i g l t t ) . ' l l r e l x r c r i t i g h r i s l r t e r s u l r t r l i c t c t lf r r r r t tt h c l o r L c l c rrl r c i g l r t
of tlre rruck to cltttlnrine the \\ ciglrt of flxlA llre truck is lr:tuling.

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T y p e s0 f H a a l l r u c k s l l a t h t t ' p t ' o f t l t r c k L r s t ' rtli r r l l \ 1 , \ r l t l i r c l r n r t r s ll i e r t c e l t e i np l r r s i c r r l

1 r ' l L t u l (i'ns o r r l c r t ( ) | r o P t r l r l i l L L rul r r c lc l i s c l L t r g ier r t ot l i c P a r e r ' .I l c l o \ r r l c l i s l c ( lu 1 c \ \ g L r i ( l ( -
l i n c s f o t t l t c t \ \ ( ) r l t ( ) s (t ( ) n i n l ( ) nl r r - r t ' so l l n r t l i s .

j l ) t ( l - l ) t ! n t l ) ' l i t t c k s - A n e n c l r l r r r r l - rl t u ( k r l u s l l r c i r r s p t ' r t t ' r lt ( ) l x r ( e r l u i n t l r t ' r ' t ' r L r ' otl l t c

l r t ' t l o v t ' r ' h r r r g st l r r - ' r c l mr r l t c c l s t r t o l r g l r 1 o t l i s c l r : t r g cr r r i r i n t o l l r r p : r r e l l r o p p c r - I l i l c l o c s
n ( ) t . i L n l r p r ( ) r rr , r i t l rs i r l r - ' p l l r t ( sI n r r s t b c l t c l c l c ctl( ) i n c l e l s ( t l t c o r c r l l u t . q l u t c l l r t c l c n t
spillrgr ol rnix in fronl of tlte prrier.
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l r e r l m t r s t l r c o f l l s i z e t l l l r t \ \ i l l l i l i n t ( ) t l r c h o p p c r \ \ i t h ( ) L l t I ) r c s s i n gt l o u r r o n t ] r c
p r t r t ' t . S t t c l r p r ' ( ' s s L l f< ( t r l t l l e s r r l t i r t c l r u n : r g tt o t h c l l t r e r r i r t g s l t n c l c o r n e r l l r t p s I h c
I r r t l l r u l i c s v s l r r r f i r l l l r e t r L r c k - l r e chl o i s t s l r o L r l cllr c l r t c l r r c n t i r i n s l ) c c t ( ( l t o g L L l r l cl lr g r r i n s t
h r t l l t L r l i c l l L r i t l l c a k e g e S L r c l rl r - ' r r k l L gorr- l l r t ' r ' o r r c l l r r r s L r l f r r i cu i l l s t f i p I l r ( ' l L s l ) l r i L (l l( ' n l t n l
f t o r r t l r t ' l l g l l f ( g l t r ' . l l c r r r r L g l ro l t l r i s o i l i s s p i l l t c l . t l r t r r r i x l i l l e l r s r i r l ri l u n c l l r c c o r r i t
r - r n s l r r l r l er '.t i l t r i l i r r gr c n t o r l t Lt n c l r c l t l r r c errr c l t t .
1 ' e r p e t t l i n ss l r o t t l r l l r e p L r l l c c o
l r c l l l r c r t t i - r . t u r ci n t ] i e t l L r ( l ' l r t c l s r l r r l r r t gh a L r l i r t gi r t c o o l
\ \ ( i l l l l t r ( ) r o l r l o n g J l t r t l s t ( ) l ) f ( ) t e c 1l l r c n r i \ t L r f r i I . ( r r t ct x c c s s i r c t o o l i n g . A t o o l r l i x l i r l n r s
I t r r t y r sr t n r l l t c r u s f ( ) \ ! f i t s s r r l l l t c c . I l a t a l l l i s r r s c c l .c a l c r r t r s t l r c t a k e n t o l r t s r r r t i t i s
s c c r t r c l t f l t s t c n c r lt ( ) t l r r t ( ) p o l t l r c I n r t l i l r t ' c l s o l l r r t t c o l c l : r i l i I r r r r r r i Il i u r n t l r r n r l t ' r i l ( s c c
I ' i . q L r f (5' . 1 2) .

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o 1 t h e h o l r p t ' r ' .T l t c p l r r t r s i l l t l r e r r 1 t L r 1i r1t t ( ) l l t ( ' t r L l c k .
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i n t ( ) t l r c l l i r l . l c l n i n g r L l r L t r r P i r t t l l ( P r l \ ' ( ' l t t ( ' l tcl \ ( l l l i t t c f

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p c r i ( x L .l ) u t ( ) n c ( ' t h c v i l r ( ' h ( ) t . t h i s w i l l t c e s t ' . S k i | t s p l l t c c c l: t l o t r n t l t h t t i f e s \ \ i l l s l t o l t c n l l t e
\ \ ' i r r r u p p e l i o c l e n c l l r e l p k t e p t l r c t i r t s l r o t . p i i r t i ( L r l r t r l vi n c < x r l o t \ \ ' i n ( i \ \ \ t x 1 l ) c r . A s \ \ i t l t
s l r t ' l l l r t c l c c l r o l ] e l s . l l r e c l r i r e u h c c l s o l t h c 1 ; : r e r r n l r t i ct i r e c l r o l l c l s l r o u l c l b c t ( ) \ \ l l r a lt h c p i t \ t r ' .
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. T i r e i n l l r l i ( ) n l ) r e s s l r r eo f - i i l J t o 5 1 1 k P e ( 7 0 t o 7 i p s i ) $ h c n c o l t l . : r n r l 6 2 0 k l ) r r ( 9 0 p s i )
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rrlling clr-r lx pcrlirrnrcrl ris nlLrch.ls t\\() \\ccks atier the pilvcnrent llts lrtclt ;rlltct'rl. ptoriclerl
th( \\crtbcr is wlrrnr lrntl thc plVcnrent surf:l(c terrpe[ltrrrc is xt lcxst ]8'C (100 I'). TIrc lirtclttl
i n . q o p c l l t i ( ) n c r n r c ( [ l c e p x v c m r n t p c r n r e l r l ) i ] i t ] l i n c l c l t n i n c r e . r s t p . l \ L n r ( ' l r l r r \ r \ l - r t ! c t r) s c t L l l -
ing or alrtrsion ll tullic.
l ) n e L l n l l t t i-(I i r r ( l r o l l e r s l r r e r r l s o i r l e l r l f i r r c o r f t c l i n g l r e a t c l r e c k i r t g i r ' ]t h e r r l r t s u r f i l ( ( ' . I I c r L t
c h c t l i i n g i s t h c l r p p c l r n i r r c co l s h o r t . 5 0 t ( ) l 1 l ( f r r r ( 2 l o + i n . ) k r n g . c l i s c o n n e c t c ( l l L i l l i n e ( r e c k s
rllitr (mc ()r nr()rc pllsses ()l the stlltic stccl-\\ hrclc(l follel.
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stt'cl ulrr't'ltcl rollt'rs slLs ltrrrgnizt'tl verrs:rg() lhcn thrt lcrc filsi errp]()\r(l lirr rhc intetrr<.'
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lchicre lrlrout th( sllnrc Jx\cllrcnt (lcnsit) lls stccl *hcelecl rollcrs.
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sLrrllrcc'thrrt hls lrt't'r'r nltt('(l ()r rllsfigurccl lrv tllLffic. Thc' lrbilitt ol tirc pneurrelic tirtcl lolltl to
: r p p l v L r n i l i r n r p r c s s u r c ( ) \ c r i t s e n t i r e l i c l t l r r n e k c s i t r l c s i n r b l e k r b c t t s e c ll i r t l t i s c o r - t t s c
l r t ' r ' r t r r s ci t u i l l e p p l r ' ( r ) n r l l l ( t i l c e f f i r f i r r h c l e i t i s n c e c l r c l m o s t i n l l r c r l l r t e l t l l t c k s . ' l h t l r r i t l g -
ing lrction of stccl sh,:clccl r-ollcrs nrrrv prcvent tlrcrn Iront being lts cffcctir t' ilr sirllilxr sittlx-
t i (x t s .

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r i l r r e l i o r r o f t l r c i l s t e c l ( ( ) n l p i l ( t i ( ) n c l r u n r s .T h o s c u s c c l f i r r c ( ) n r p l r c l i ( ) no i H \ l A l t r e s e l f y r r ' o p t l l c t l
l n c l V l r r t i n w c i g h t f t - ( ) n r6 t ( ) l 5 n r e t r i c t ( ) n s ( r t ( ) 1 l 1 ( ) n s ) . ' l ' l t e r cl r r i : t \ r r l r t s i c l l r r t c l e l st:l t , - : i t t -
g l c r l r u n r u n i t s ( F i g r r r e ( r . 1 0 ) .l n c l t h r r l o u b l c r L u n r ( t r n c l e n r ) u n i t s ( F i g r r r c 6 . I l ) .
Flitlrcr-steel ()r l)neunr:ltic-tirccl rrhccls cln 1>flrvitlc proprrlsion firt. single (lftur Vil)ftlt()r1
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rrroclcls. lJotlr clrlnrrs usr.rrrllr'proricle propulsion fix tfrc clorrl:lleclnrrrr rttorlcls. clntnts ort
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ii. ) irr u iclth. s t a t i c n e i g h t i n t e r n r s o f c l n r n r u i t l t h i s g c n c n L l l r 'f r o n r 2 . 9 t o - 1 . 2k i l < > g n r : r s
p c | n r i l l i r r r c t c r(' 1 6 0 t ( ) 1 8 0 l l ) . l ) c r i n . ) .

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 T l t e t n g i r t c ' p x x i r l i n . q ; r o r r c l l i r r ' p r - o l r u l s i o nl r l s ( )p o \ \ ' r r s t l r e I r l c l n L u l i t t r l l vc l r i v c n r i l r r : t t r n r . t
r u r t i t .\ ' i l r l i L t i t i t t sl r f c g c n e r l l t c d l r r r L r o t ; r l i n g c c c c n t r i ( \ c i g l r t i n s i t l c t h c c l r L r n rl.l r t s p c e c l o l
'llrt,
\ l r i t l r t l c t c J . n r i n c st h c l l ' e ( l u e n ( \ ' ( ) r ' \ ' i l ) f l t i ( ) n s p c r n r i n L l t c( \ l ) n l ) . ( ) 1l l r c c l r L r n r . \tiglrt enrl
c l i s l l t t t t cf t o u r t h c s h l l i O l t l t e e c c t : n t I i c ( l c t e n l l i n ( s t h c l t r n P l l t l r c l c(. ) r i r n r ( ) U n lo l - r u 0 r ' t , r r r n l . o l '
t l i c i n r p i l ( J f i ) r c ( ' t h i l t i s g c n c f i l t c - c ll.l o t l r t l r t f r e r l , . r c n c rl r n r l r r n r p l i t i r t l ro l t l r c r i l r l u t i o n s i l r r - ( ( ) f r -
t r o l l c c l i n d c p e n c i c n t l v o f r o l l c r t m r e l e n c l t , n g i r r cs l r t ' r ' t l
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3000 \ i l ) n l t i ( ) n s p c r m i n u t c . ( i c l ) c n ( l i n g o n t l t ( ' l l l ( ) ( l ( ' l r n , : l n r . u r u l r r c l l r l e rS' .o n t e r n o c l c l s; ; ro r i c l c
o n l t o n e t r l * r r s p c c i f i c l r c r l u r r r r r s c l 1 i n . g \ \. \ h i l c o t h c r : n i r L r p r o r i c l e l r t i r l l r l n c c o t l r . e < 1 r - r c n -
c i c s \ \ i t l l i n c e l t u i n l i n r i t s . s u c l l l s 2 l ( ) o l ( ) l S { 1 0\ l ) l l l
\ i l ) f l t o f \ r ' o l l c r sa c l r i c y c 'r ' o n t l l l r c t i < t nt l t r ' o L r u hl r t o n t l r i n e t i o n < t f t l t r c c f l r c t < t r s :

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c l t u t nl n t l l t r c r t g r t l l L t c cl )l r i r r n t r o l l i n { t h ( ' l r c a l u ( n c vl n c Ll r n r p l i t u c l oc f t l r e r i l r r a t i o n . ' l - l r ei r r r p e t t

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c f l i e s o f t l t c l t l i - \ t u l t . t l t t : t h i c k n c s s o f t l r r n l r t r L n dt h c s L r l t l t o t tp r o r i c l e c l l t r t l r c s u l t u c c . l t u i l l
t l s o r t n \ \ ' i t h t h c t l l L u t t c l i e n r t t c l l t n c l s i < l t l r r r n r l t h t ' r ' o l l , . ' r ' ss t l t i c \ \ c i g l r t l r n c l t l t n e r r r i c ( i u t p a ( l )
fi xcc.
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( ) l l t t l t \ l ) c s o l r o l l t - r s .t h t r ] r i \ l L r r r s i l l c o : l p r r , . l t : L : i l r o r \ \ i l l r ( l i l l i ( u l l l c l e p e n c l l n go l t i t s t c r n l ) e r -
a l t t l t . c o h c s i o n . p l | l i c l c s l i e p t l L n ( it e \ t L l r c . ( ( ) n i i l r ( ' n r ( ' n lr L n r lo t l r c l l r c t o l s . ' l - h c t h i n g t h r r t i s c l i l -
f r - ' r ' u t $ h c n r i l r r a t o n r O i l t I s r t r t , u \ ( ( l i 5 t l l i l l f r l ) c l i l r \ c r l I n l t r r r i cl i r r c e s r t r c b c i n g e r e r t c t l o n t l t e
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t t s t ' l t \ i l ) n l t ( ) f v l o l l c r t ' l l r c t i i c l r , i t i s n ( ' c ( s s i u ' \ 1 o l l l n t s o r r r el r n t l t r s t e n r l i n g o f t h c n t < t v e ,
n l t t l t s u l t i c l t i n f l r t c t t c c l l t t c o n r l l t c t i o r t l i r l c c s . t l l L t i s . f r c c l u t n c t l n c l r r n r p l i t r - r col cl t h c r i b r . r t r , n : .

Frequency - Ibllel clnrnr vil)r':tti()nslrre Jrrociucecll)\' ()ft ccntcr uciglrts. c:rllecl c((L-lttn(s.
on :t sl.linning shlrft.
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p e f r ni n u t c ) .
r l c t t l t s p c r n r i n r r t c - a s i r . r g l cc v c l e i ) L - i n go t r c f r r l l t r l n
I r r c t l t t t ' t t c t i s c l c l l n e c le s t h c n L r r l r l ) e o
o l t l t c e t c t ' n t r i c . ' l h c c c c c n t r i t i s a n o l l - c c r . r t c [\ e i g l r t f ; r s t e n e ctl ( ) l L s h : i f t . l t i c a l l r i n s i c l c l l t e
t l l u t t t . A s t l r e s l r l r f l s 1 l r . t st.l t t : e c c r n t r i c c r c i l t e s i l n o L r l u u r r l f i r l c c . ' l h c h c : r r i c r t l t c c ( ( c n t f i ( 1 l l c
grerll('r iltc tixcc ltroclucerl.'lhc flrrthel it is irrrr tht shlrfi th( gfc:lter tire lirlce proclrrcecl..\ncl
tllc lilslrI it spins. the erc;Ltcr thc 1i)Ice proclucecl.
.'\s thc rollcr rttores altelrcl. its \il)rriing rlrLrrrrproclLrccs1l r.t1)i(lse(lLlcr-tceof intptrcts on tltr
s r t r l a c c . ' l h e s c i l t l l ) l l c t sx r c c ( l L l l r lk ) t l r t ' f l e c l t r c n c t . o f v i b l a t i o n F o r l t r . l g i r e n r r i l l e l s l t c c c l .t h t '
h i g h c r t l t c -f i e t l L i e n c r u s c t l . t l r c , . l o s c r t h c i r r r p r r c sl p r r c i r r gl i l l b c l n c l t h c s n r < x r t l r e tl l r e s u l i l c c
r r i l l l r c . T l r r l l l l tn u t l l c trr r e r ' s l r r h i c c o r r l r e c I r c n r . t s l r o u l c ]l : l c u s c c i f i r r r l t c l t r o l l c r .

Amplitude -'l'ltc r'ollo tlrLtut utores up rrncl ,:krun ls it \il)nltes (Fi{ttrre (r.ll ). \\'ht,n it
c l l r t n g e s( l i r ( ' ( t i ( ) l ti r ] i 1 s L l p l n c l - r l o t r r t n ) ( ) \ ' e n r r n l . i t i s n r o D r ( n t l l r i l \ l l t r c s t . j L r s ll s t l r e r o l l c I i t s c l f
is 111 r c 5 l \ \ l l c n i t ( h l l n g e s t l i r c t t i ( ) l r . A r n P l i t u c l e .t l r e n . i s t l r e g r e l l t r s t n l ( ) \ ' c l l l r n t i n ( ) n e c l i r e , . t i r . , r r
oi lt ViltIlttir.tg r ' o l l t t c l r l r r t tl r x r r u P o s i t i o n 1 ] tr c s t . l ' h c $ e i s l r t t r n t l r l i s t l r D c (o f t h c c c c e r . r t r i cl t r r r r i
t l r c s l l t l i l r n c l t l r e l e i g h t o l t l r r l o l l r l t l r r r n r c o n t n r l t l l r j r r l ) i r ( 1 t i r r c c . f l r l l n v g i \ c r ' l c l l t u r ru t , i g l t t .
tllc hclt\icr llle e((clltric is.:tncl tlrt tlrrlhcr rrurn il is fronr tlrc sllrlf. tltc ltiglttr tlre erriltlilucle
u i l l l t c . ( ) n l t t ( ) s tl t e l t \ \ l i l n ( l ( ' n r \ i b l t l o n l o l l c t s t l i r r r n t p l i t r r r i cr r r n l r t , r r r l i t t l l ) \ ' 1 l t ( , ( ) l t ( , r i t t ( ) tro
s r t i t p a r i n g t o t t c l i t i o r t s .I r o t t l t c l t r r l l e r ' , t l r t n t l r r l L r l l t t u r e r : a c l r i r e o r r ; r n r p l i l L r c l t , s l r o r r l lrr-tl r r s t r l .

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Use ol Vibrutoly Bollels cnsirlr snr(x)tllness rrncleLribrrton ((n11pacti()n,tht, frtclrrt,nrr
l t n r l r r t l l e l s p c e c l s l r o r t l c l r t r r l L l c h c c ls ( ) t h x l l l r t ' r e r r i l l l r e ; r r l t ' e s t i e n r l o u n u r r c l i r r p a r l s o f l l r e
\ i l ) n t t i ( ) r t l t t r t i x r t o f t m r e l o f t h c l o l l c r . ' l h t ' r c l r l i o n s l r i p l r r t s t c r r s p o c ( l x n ( l l r e c l L r c n c vi s i l l L r s
trxte(l in l'iultrc (r. I.J. As tllc spcctl ol the rollt:r int rerrscs firr lr gircn lictluencl of r ilrratii>r-r.thc
s l l a c i r t g o f t h t i r t t l ) l l ( l sg t - o N s l l r r t h c r ' l r l ) x r t .I n u s p l L r l l n r i x t r r r c s .i t i s g c n e r e l l V e g l t c t l t h l r t t h c
tttost clcsirelrltn ' r ( { h ( ) ( l i s t ( ) u s r l l r r n l t \ i n l L l n l I . a l e ' cf lr r < 1 L r t : n r$' 1i t h t h c s l r c c c io f t l r e r o l l e r
r L ( l i L l s t ( 't( l) p l r l i c l e t i t r - ', : l c s L r e ci llr p e c t s l l t c i n g .
I : i g r t t t ' ( r .l i i l l u s t r x l ( ' sf i r t r r c l i l l c r c n t r n o c l e so l u s i n g x \ i l ) [ l t ( ) r Y r ' o l l c I e r l r r i l t l t c c lr r i 1 j t t \ . ,
r i l l r : t t i l - t gr i n t n t s . ' l l t c l l r s l n r o c l t s h o u s t h c l o l l c l l r t ' i n g u s c ( l \ \ i t h ( ) L r tr i l x l t i o n . I t l L c t sl l s l l 5 t . 1 t t L
s t c c l u l r c t l t t l t l t r t t i t r t t r o l l t ' t . ' l h i s i s l l r e r l o c l t r r t i l l z c c ls h e n u s i r . r gr r i l r r a l o n n r l l c r f i r r ' l i n i s l t
l o l l i r t u . ' l l t t s c c o r t c ln r o r l t s l r o l s t l r c l r s t o t \ i l ) n 1 i ( ) 1 r( ) n t l l c t f t r i l i n g < l n r n r u i t h t i t c l c e c l i n g r l r u r n
i l t l l t t \ t l l t i c t t l r t l c . T l t i s t t r r t l c r t l t r l r t c l e s i l l r l r l co n r l r i \ t u r c s l l l i r l l l l L \ t l o r r t l s t l L b i l i t .r ' l ' l t e t l r i l c l
I t t ( ) t l c i l l L t s t r r t l c lsl r t r t s e i t 1 r i l r | r r l i o r rN i t h b ( ) t h c l r t r n r s .r | l r i t l r i s r r s c c lO n l r s t l r l t l c r D i x t r r | t :i r r
r l l c l t ' tt r l l t c l t i c r t l l r ( ' ! r i r r i l L n ( ( ) r r l ) l l c l i V t n c l g r ' . - f l r t f i r L r | t h O t l t , i l l L r s t l l t t C V isl r | a t i O n< t n ] r ' < t r r

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I t t o r l e . s l t o r t l t l n o l t x r e t ' c l 5 t o S L i l o n r t ' t t ' r ' 'p t r l r o r r l L . i t o 5 r r p l r t . ' l ' l r i s l o l l i r t q s p t ' t c l i s l l r t '
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l()r).
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r . r s r cllr s l r g r r i c l e .

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l ) u r i n g t r i u r \ \ ( ' f s t r r l l i n g . u o o c l c n l r o l r l t l :o l t l r c P r o P t t l l r i t l i r t t s : : l t o L t l t l r r ' p l l t t c c ll t t t l t t '
r ' c l g c , ( )lll r ( I ) l L \ ' e n l t nlto g i r c t l t r ' r ( ) l l c Il r s r r r f : r r t ' l ot l r i r c o r t ( ) n ( ( ' i l l ) i r \ \ ( ' st l t ( r . ' c i g r . ' (t )l l c I l l i l l .
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( ) n l ( ) l l r ( ' l r ( s l r r r . r 1 .u n l i l l ] r ( c r l t i r c r ( ) l l ( ' li 5 ( ) n 1 l r ( 'I r r ' \ \ r t i i \ l u r ! .
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t l o r . t l i e l r r c r t k c k r l n r ' o l l c r f i r l l o r r i n l at l r c l c r r c l1 ; u r c r l c : l v c s - 5 r ( ) 1 5 0 n l n t ( 3 l o ( r i n . ) o f t l r c
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t h c r t L l c l l i r l k r w i n g t h c s c c o n c l p l r \ c r ( ) n h i s l i r s t p l l s s ( | i ! r L u t , ( ) . 1 ( r ) .l n o l t l t l t o l t r o n t p l i s l t t h i s
t f f i ' t t i r c l r . l l i t s q c o u r l p l n c r l t n c l l r i l l t ' r ' n r r r s tk c c p : r s c k r s c : r s l t o s s i l r l c t o l l t r f i r s l p i l v c r t ( )
r n s u r t t l t i l t l t l r l t i i o l r r ( l c n s i t V i s o b t t r i n c c ll l ( r ( ) s s t ] l e i ( ) i n 1 .

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l o n g c t l r c f o l c p l l t c i r t g t l r c e c l j o i n i n g i l t r t c . l l e c : r t r s c( ) f t l r ( ' ( l i f l c l r ' n ( ! ' i n I e t l l l ) ( r l t u r e l r c t l c c n t i i e
t \ o l l L I t e s t. h c f c i s u l n r ( ) s ll t l \ l t r s l t r l i l l c | e ' n c c i n c l c n s i t r l r t t \ r , t r r l l t t , 1 \ O s i c l c sO f t l t t , j o i n t .
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c o t l l l : r l tttc c l \ l t i l r : t l t e l t s l t l t e l l I n i r t i t l e i s h o t o n l r o l l r s j r l e . I I o u e r t r . \ i r i ( r ' n l ( ) s t x s l ) l l r l l tJ ) i r \i n l j
i s c k r n r i n s i n . q l cl l t n e s . l ] l ( , l t ( , \ t l ) ( t s o l r r t i o r rr s t o r o l l t l t e j o i t t t t s s o o n . t s l t i t s s i l t l e -i.r - ll t r r r t a s e .
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t l l t ' l i > r r s i c l c .\ \ ' l t c r . rr r t l j o i r t i n gl l L n e sl r r ' ; l l a r c r l . l l t t s l r r t , r ' o l l j n g p l o t e c l r r l t s h o u l d l r r - ' t i r l l r u e c l
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t r ( ) r -(l: L n l ) c r t c l t i c , , c c iS . 5 ( l ( 1 8 5 i : ) I n t ( r . r n e ( i i i L tr(o l l i n s s l t o r r l r l l t c t . o n l i n r r o L r sL r n t i la l l o l t h t ,
t l l i : ' t r t r c p l l l c c c l l l t s l r c t r t t l r o l o r r g h l r r r r r p l r c t c c l . I l c g r L l t l l t s so l l l r r t r ' 1 t co l r o l k , r s L r s c c lt.l r r
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l- ( r , r l l l ) l l c t i ( ) tits t h t
SUmmafV P t o c t : s so l c o r r r p r c s s i n ge g i y c n r O l r r r l i e O f l 1 \ l r \

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rggregete ancl asph:rlt l)incler nlltcrills proltosecl firl use on e projcct tltxt
\\'hcn testc(l. Lrsing tirc recluirerl llix (Lcsign ploceciures. yickls rcsults thlt
nrect all the estal:llishcclclesign critclia. l-or spccilic nlix (lesign pror.eclrrrcs D rl =

refcr to thc Asphllt InstitLrtcs .lnl' 1).,s/,qll.lletl.tr s .li tr Asphult (.i,tcretc atttl
Oth(rH(t,lIi)( Tlitc\ ( \lS )). xncl .\ttperpu u, -Ul-\ 1)(,s4q/l(Sl,--,.
ui,
.t' lrt
:E c)
It h:ts been clocLrntcntcci in rrrenl cxses thllt e\en tlt()ugh x n.li\ is
clcsignecl for l certuirr pcrcent of lir voicls in thc lel)()r:tt()l'\,.e plant ntixecl

F F-
sample c()l.rtlrir.ringthr pr()per llspllalt c()ntrnt. llggrcg.lte gfitaltti(n] tncl <rrnt
parlccl l}' the srrne l:rlroraton' lnetlt()cl ntilv shctw cliffcrcnt r oluntetric prol>er
-.1 (l)enro 7i)

F
tics. TIrc results c>fFII\\A I )cnronstrilti()n l)rojecl indicltecl sub-
stxntial (lif'flrcnccs nrav exist l)et\\'ccn tlte l:rlx)nlt()rl llix (lesign and tlte \1)l-
urttetric propcrtics of tlre ficlcl-pr'ocluceclrnixtrrrc,. \lost ofien thcse cltilnges
=
result in los'cr uir voicl ancl \rtrlA values than thc targct tsteblisfrccl lirr the =
.fllF. Figures l.0l ancl 7.()2 shou the clillere'nces in air r'oicls and \,NIA liruncl
c[rring the FI IVA stLr(h. E
Signiticlnt e(luipnrent ancl rnlterill dif-flrcnccs cxist lxt\\ ee'n tlie sntall
scalc operltirxr of thc lelltraton nrixing ltoul en(l xn llsl)ilrlt nrixing fuiilitr'.
Dr
l r l r i c h c o u l c l l c a c l t o l l t e m i x t u r e p t o p c l l ) ' ( l t l l n g c s n o t c c l . \ l e n r r e L r s e st i r r
vctlrtnretric t:lranges in ficlcl proclucecl ntix hil\c lteen prol.rosctl, C?)
. \toisture renro.,'erl nr(>rc effeclir-clY in tlte lllltolritOn tlltn in lh('fiel(l c?t
. An cxccssive rmount of h]ghoLrse fincs futLLt'neclt() thc r]lixing pr()cess.
. Ilighlt absorptive xggrcgiltcs usecl ( ficlci ebsor-ptic>nnrllv (litffr fl'ont lub-
fTr
't'
()rel()ry itl)s(xJ)tion)

#
. l)oor slunplir.rg usc(l t() ()btllin santples firr thc lel)()-.lton alcsilin
. N()n strnahral rrrix clrsign prctceclrrrestrseti kr <lcvclop thc.IXIF
. \Ilterial scttrrcrs (location ()r stlltlt ) changecl lretseen the mix (lcsilllt
lncl llelcl pr( )(hrcti()n
. Agflrc.grte clcgrachlion :rtrclsh:rpe change s clrrring pllnt rtrixing. -
. Non unitirrnr sttxkpiling ol aggrcgurcs
cit
T I r e c l r : L n g e su h i t h o c c r r i n r h c I i e l c l p l o r l u c c d l l i x t r . r r c l r e l i k e l l c i r r et o
l t c o n r l r i n l t i o n o l s o r t r e o r i l l l o l t h r l i s l c r l r l r u s c s i n l u t ' p l r r t i c L r l l rcr : r s e .
ll|
A l ( c n t i ( ) n t o d c t r i l i n n t l t t r i l r l l t l t i c l r r c l i o n : r n c ln t i x c i c s i g n c l c r e l o p r n e n l c . e n
IedLr<<' thc p()tcntixl efferts of n)lrn| Of tlte: flctors sho$ rr
 AIRVOIDS

- 0.0
e
E

EaGhbarrepresents 0l allsamples
lheaverage
ineach0lthenumbered
0r0iecl
studies.
'3.0

E-e.aEEtnE
=F=:35=A9EFgAA:=A

Mirture
lD

1,, .., ri,, :'i1..: il

.' i.' rr. i.lt ', '.,, '..1J1
1

't.0

0.5

F
E
,i . u .b

g n.o
=g
-r.s
Eachbarrepresents
theaverage
0fallsamples
ineachollhenumbered studies.
0r0iect
-2.0

E-.,c_S
:EFP:SEE=g:3EB=S3
M i u r el D
-il)l)i.lil.t::
lrjrrl;ri l ) . 1 1 : t i : t t r . , r ' \ , ; ir,ri l.r , , \ ! " : , i ' '\l , i ' , r ' : , t hl : { : : i i : r t i l l\ . t i I

u, ^,.',\(1)\tt()r.
A\r)A(t ( . 1 . t ' t A N ( . f( .) f H(| \li\ ASl,ll:\1.1.
F
 Study
Number MixDesigner MixVerilication
Resull
1 0S
1 Contractor GoWithChanges
102S Contractor GoWithChanges
103S Contractor GoWithChanges
104S State Redesign
105BR State Redesign
1051 State Redesign
1065 State GoWithChanges
1071 Contractor GoWithChanges
1091 State Redesign
11 0 S state GoWithChanges
111S State Redes gn
1121R State GoWithChanges
'1131R
State GoWithChanges
214SR Contractor GoAsls
214R Contractor GoAsls
2155 State GoWithChanges
2165 State GoWithChanges

'llte -
l ) t ' t t t o i s t r t c l r l t l s o p t o r ' k l c c l i n l i ) n r i t r i ( ) l r r c i l r t e c lt o t l r e r e s p o n s i l r l r i l r l r o m t o n l i r
r k r t ' l o J r i n g t l r c i n i t i l l - | \ l I t i r l t l t t n l i \ t u r e s t c s t e c l .T u b l e - ( ) l s l r ( ) \ \ s \ \ ' h i c h l l i - \ t L r r t s \ \ ' r f e
t l e s i g r . t e cl )l \ l h c s t r l t c I r i g l r u r r v l t g c r . t r ' ru' n c l t l l r s e c l t s i g n c c ll r v l l r e e o n t n r c t o r ' sl : r l r o r : r l o n .
C h l t r t g t s l r c l s e c n l l t l t o m t o t v n r i r c l e s i g ne n r l f ) c l c l - p n r c i Lrrc<l n r i r l r r l e s r r e r t , r r c e c l c t lu l r e n
c l t s i g n c t l l l v e i t l t c r r c s l t o r t s i l r l ep' : t t t \ ' . I l o r r c l t ' r ' . t h t ' r ' r u c r c r ) o i n s t x n ( c s u l r e r c r c c l c s i g n o 1 t l t e
r.tlixtttrc \ lts recorttncnclccl \ hen thc c()ntrrct()r Iracl clcvtk>1tecLthc -J\IF. Tlris suggests thilt thc
c ( ) t t l r i l c t o r si r r r o l r t ' t l i n t h i s : t u c l V i r : r t l l r g r x r c l r r n c l c r s l ; L n c l i n( s) l t ] t t r r r e t c l i a l st l t t ' , , r r s t , - ll r n c l h r t $
t ( ) ( o n l r ' o Lt h c \ ( ) l L l l ] ] e l f i cp r o l l c l t i t : s ( ) f t h c l t l i x t u r c c l r r r i n gp | o c l u c t i o t . t
\ \ ' i r h t h c s e f r L t l o r si n n t i n c l . l t c l j r t s t n r e n t(sr n l ) c n r e t l e b v t l l c ( ( ) n t r 1 l ( t o ri n t h c n r i r c l c s r g r r
P t ( ) c ( s s l ( ) x ( ( ( ) l l l l l l (x l l l t e l l l e s ( t e r t t i c i p a t c ( lt l r l n g c s . F < t re , r l t r ; r l e . i f l r c o n f l i t c t o l k n r t \ \ s t l r l O r r g l r
e x P c l i c n ( t l l L t l l i s i r t g t c O ] ] t l r i l r r t i o no l - l l g g r t ' g i L t ( ' fsr ( ) r r c e r t l i n s o L r r t e sl V p i t t r l l l r c s r L l l si n t l t e
r e t t t n t t t l i ' f i , l x l g l l ( ) L r s cf i n e s t ( ) l h ( ' n r i , r c l u r i n g p r o c l u c t i o n . t h i s l l n t ( ) U n lo f l r a q h ( ) u s ( 'l i r ) c s c O L l l d
l l c i n c o r p o r : t t c c li n t o t h ( ' ; r l l l l r c g x t el r l e n c l c l r r r i n gt l r e ' r n i x t l e s i g n . [ ] r r k r i r r g t l r i s . l l t e r o l t r r t r c t l i r
chlirtges ttoltt thc ltix)f!rt()r1 (lcsign l() ttre ficlcl-pr(rcluceclnrix c<tulci bc rcclrrcecl.A nrrntl)(]l.of
()tllcf flLct(xs c()ntril)Lrting to \()lrrmctric chLngcs nrev bc kno',rn t() tlte c()ntrit(tor. 'l'hcsc coul(l
tlso lrt ltccoLutteclfirr cirtring Lhc nir clcsign. Tl is n()t rcxsonlririe tO asslrnte lhe stlttc llgcltcv
l a l ) ( ) r x l o 1 1l r c t s o n n c l u o r t ] r l b c u s u r c o f l i l t l r e p o s s i l r l e f l c t o r s t o c o n s i c l e l l i r u l l t l t e p o s s i l t l e
(()llll)ittltli()tts of ttllttt'rills ancl esphltlt nrixing pLlr)Is. Tirr-refirI.e.il is r ccomrncr.rcleclLlltt (()ntrltc
tors ltc rcsponsilrlc firr ltrovicling ltcceptelrle nrix clcsigns t() tlle (()nir!r(ting lg(!)c\ l)ri()r l() nl\
l)r()cluctlon.
I ; i c l c iv c t i l l c r t t i o n o f t h e I I N I A c l c s i g n i s t h e i n i l i a l p h x s c o f t h e o r e r a l l Q L r x l i t v C ( ) n r r ( ) l( Q ( l )
Ptoccss. It ir.trolYt:s tcstirtg ancl ltnlthzing the ficlcl proclrrcccl nlixtLrre t() ensrlrc thllt tlrt: r'tiit.rr.t
csteblishcd lrv LIre specill ir.rgagcncr lirr tlle piLrticulxr lllixtrirc rre lreing nrtt. \,'erillt utiol rs ntc-
cssllry Jt tltc lltgittning ttl proclttctior.tof cach mix ()r.J\lF't() nreirsulc uhlrt clilfi:rr:ntts, ii rrrtr'.
cxist lnci \\ Ilat c()rrective ntrlisLlres neecl t<t ltc tltken.

Ql'ALfl \' c()N'tR()t.ANI)AC(.8p'|,{\cti()t; HOTIIIX l\SI'HAt-',I

<
 Pre-pr0duction
Sampling andTesting
A.Aggregate formixdesign
B.l\ilineral
filler/additives,
il necessary
C.Asphaltmaterialfrompr0posedsource

. JobMixFormula ApprovalandVerilication
A.Aggregategradation
B.Aggregatephysical
properties
whererequired
C.AsphaltContent
D.Airvoids,VMAandVFA
testing,
E.Stability/Strength whereapplicable
F lvloistu
resusceptibility
testing

ilt. 0ualityC0ntrol
TestingDuring
Pr0ducti0nbyC0ntractor
A.Maximum theoretical gravity
specific (Rice)
gravity
B.Bulkspecific f0rairvoids,
V[/AandVFA
C.Aggregate gradation
D.Asphaltcontent

tv. Pr0ducli0n
0r In-place
AcceptanceTestin0
byAgency
A.Asphalt content
L Aggregate gradation
C.Airvoids,VMAandVFA
D.In-placedensity
E.Thickness
F Smoothness/Ride 0uality
G.Roadway prolile

QLLxlit\ c(ntr()l is onc part Of e total qrralitv lrsstrrance svstcm clesignecl to llssrrre thet thc
clLralirl of the c()nstrlrctiol.rancl nntcriuls cc>nfirrm r"ith thc plans rn(l spccifications uncler $hich
il les prrclr-rcecl.Acti\ities thilt ()cclrr trnclcr thc lrrlbrelle of this total s) stenl rlrcl

. Quelit) control pllcticcs b' the contractc>rclesignecl t() rnonit(x thc pr()cluct rrtlnullctltring
PI()CeSS.
. Acccpten(e senrplir.rg.lcsting an.l inspection b1'the agr:nr'1 to deteflninc il sltisfattoq'
qtLlrlitl' control has becn crcrcisccl tc) llttirin pr()pcr specilication corttplilnte
. ln.lcpcn(lcnt rssurancc srmpling ln(l tcsting. This thircl prftr' in|olverttent is usc.l to pr()
viclc an inclepenclent cliticlue of the entire QA procrss. Sanrplc clultlitv contrr>l ancl attep
ttnce procedures ltre slto* r.t in Table -.02.

F i c l c l v c r i f i c u L i o ni s i n t e n c l e c tl o v e r i l - \ 't l r x t p l x n t p t r r l u c t i o n u i l l t : s s e n t i e l l rr n r t c h t h c . f N { l ' . I t
oficn inclr.rrlcsincrclrsccl tcsting xlx)\'e the nrinin.rtrn speciticci ficcluencl ancl cln rcsult in
rucljustmcntsto the.liVf ()r in x c(mrplete reciesign ()l thc nrixture .
A propcrJv clesignrrl an(l ir(lministere(l clrrelitv control progran firr IJNIr\ is r)lernt io prcvent
thc proa[rcti()n of strbstanrlarclor out-of:specificxti()n nllteriz] rlthcr then to (l()cLlrltent tlte
clcgrcc o1 r'ulrconrplilrncc lficr tfre flrct. An rrcleclruttecluelitv c()ntrol pr()ccss q'ill aclclressthc

,T,I)'I,\N(JI.]
O} H('1' TIIX ASPIIAI,T
c()11(crnsllncl risks ()f lx)th tlte pr()alLr(cl lurci tlir prtrch:tsine lrgcnct. TIre prctcess *ill
ltnrvicie
t l l e p r ( ) c i t l ( t l * i t l l c t t r t l l c l e n c rl:t n c l c v i c l e n c e o f t ) r e
l t r o c l L r cLl l u . l l i t \ . l l t r l r l t i l i t t t o c l i s c e r nt r t n c l s
i l . l P r ( x l L r ( t i ( ) n; t n ( l t l n t i ( i l ) r t t ep ( ) t c n t i x l p r o b l c n r s r r n c lr l t c e l r i l i t r k ) l s s c s s t h e r i s k o f p l r c l u r i n g
: r t> n c o r l l p l i l n t n l a t c l i l t l s .' l ' h c l t g c t t c t \ i l l l r e p r ' o r i r l e t l l 5 \ L l r i r n ( c r l L r t t l t c n r a t c l i l r l sl t e i n g p r O -
i l t t c c c l e r c r ' r i t l t i n t l t e c s l : r l r l i s h c ccl r i t e r i : r .l h i c h s l r o L r l r rl t s L r l r i n r l r t ' t l c s i r c c l p a v c n t e n t p e r t i r r -
ntltncc.

Specitic propertirs oi rlte fielcl-plociLrt.trl nljxtLlre tre ntrlrslrrecl

0onftoll&ing
Suattty lir.ttl corlperecl to the job ntix ltrlnrrrltr lrnrl otlter specillcllti()n
'lhc
rc(l u irelller.lts. tlualit'r control (QO) tests tlut are lrsccl uill Ian clepcncling on tlre rlcsrgrr
procrclure specifiecl b,, thc controlling agenc). tintil rccentl,,. lnost organizations thet inc(xlx)
rxtt (lLlxlitv crll.ttrol lltrc usecl thc l\larsh:rll nlix design nteth(xl prirr.raril\ ltcclLrse thc co1)
pa(tion eqLliplnent is P()rtxl)lc. m:rking it cconomical firr clLralitr control tccll.riclLrss.'lcxlrs grlr
t(n1 c()nlpilcti()n is also tvcll suite(l. Since thc cr.rd of thc Strltellic Higlruay lltsclrrclt l)rog1l11
(SIIRl']). thc Superprve svstcnr lras bcen rrseclwith increasing fieclrrcncl for rnix
clesigr.rencl flelcl
.itrxlitv contr(t xctivities. The Strpcrpure G,vreton/ (i)nrpilct(x (SGC) nls clesignccl lirr rrsc as u
lielcl control collp:lct()r as r,r'eilas fi>r'nrix clcsign. Iror informatjon lcllted to the Superltarc srs-
tcrn refcr t() thc Asplrxlt lnstitLrles 5t![)olxtrc ,lIi.r l)r,slgt/ (SP 2).
\Vhilc s(nnc tests trscd in tlte qtltlitr'(()lltrol process lrre govrrnecl b1'strict tc.st r.nethocls.
()thers hll\'e lll()re thxn onr:;tllernltirc ()pti()n. F()r e clr.ralin'control pr<tgmrrr t() ()pcl-ilte
1troper11..
it is esscntial tltaL all tltosc involvecl in the tcsting lcririties use sttndxr(l tcsting eqUilurent tnd
cstllllishecl testing pro( ecltlres. \\'hcn stilncixrcliziltion of thc crluipntent uncl proccclLrrcs is nor
cmplovccl thr()ugltotlt thc qurlit| contr()l pr()ccss, ln increase in test rudultiliL| $ill likelr, or.t.Lrr.
'lhis
increilses the prolrability tllat p(x)r nraterials coulcl br ucceptecl ()r tltxt (lLriLlit)ntltedals
could bc rcicctecl.
Figure 7.0J sh<xvs the ltmortnt of srtnrple variancc ilttril)utal)lc t() et( h of thrce fat.t1trstq1 ttre
Siven test. Onc ol the prinrary goltls of l qu:rlitv c()ntrol pr()grxm shoulcl lre to rccluce lrs llgclr

AsphaltContent
Delermination
byExtraclion
Sampling
Testing
10%
50%

Material
401"
-
llgurr (]j Pstntol'litldSlinrplr
\eriiutff\tttiblixhi{r
lolratton
shonr,

C()\TROI-ANDAcctplt\\cu ()t t{ol I X ASpHtL,t

QlTALITY
<
 l i 5 l x ) s s i l ) l et h c s u n t p l i n g i t n ( l t e s t i n g c r x r l r i l r u t i o n si ( ) t h c t ( ) l x l \ l l l i l l n ( e i n t t s t t c s l L l t s .T l l c r l l l o \ -
: r l t l c V l r r i a n c ei s g t n e | r r l l r t l r k e n i n t o c o n s i c l e [ r t i r > nl ) V p l ( ) v i r l i r . r gl t c c c p t a l l l c p l t t s e n c i l l l i l l L l st ( ) ] r l r
i l n ( ( ' s t ( ) t l t c - J I I Fl l l r g ( t \ ' 1 t l t l c s .
\llrnt. :rgr:r.rcics1ln(l in(lLlstr\' plrrtners hlrvt inc( )rp()rille(l ttcltnitietl tfitining llll(l ( tnilicllli(,r-l
pr()g111s into tlrt rlrlrlitv rlssLltencr pt-occss.Iloth lLgt'ttcr ltrttl ( ot.ltf.lct()rpcrsorlrlel sllortlci gri
t h r o u g l r t l r r s l l l l ( i r l r i n i n g 1 ) r )( g r l u r l ( ) c n s u r ( ' r r l l l l t o s c i t t r o l r c t l l i t l r l i i ' l c l c l L t l t l i f ic o n t r o l l t l r t l
1(.ccptillr(.r urrcltrstlrrtl tlteir rcsponsilrilitics 1ur(l :lre rlrlLliliecl to pt'rlirrttt llteil ltssigncrl tltttics
Tllcsc trltilting llctiVitics u1s()lrtlclrt,sstltr L,(lrLipnlL-nt ltntl proitclLt|ltl reqtlirelllcllts ot lllc I)f()grxlll
- \ s l u p t l a r t l s p c c i f i c e t i o n h l r s l r t e n e s t l t l ) l i s l l r ( lI ) \ . ' \ S 1 \ l t o r t t l t l t t s s l l l e t e s t i n g l e l l o r t t o t Y a l l t l
1 c ( l l n i r i l l l l t e p e l r i l i t i e s i r l p e l f o r r t t i l l g l e s t s o n l l i t l t t t t i t l ( ) L l Isl l l l l c r i l l l \ ' " \ s r l l I ) J 0 ( ) ( ) \ l i n i r l l L l l l l
'l
Ilr(lLril-crltclttstirl Agcnt i,.rs cstiitg lLn(l Inspcctirrg IlitrIIninotts I)ilVittg Illllcriills . cliscttsscstlte
()l
c r . i ( r , r i a$ h i c l t r . u n l t e l L s c t lt o e \ . l i L l l t c t l r r : c 1 r - L r l i f i c : t t i oonfs u r . tl t g c n c l . c ( ) l l s t l l t r i n l ( ( ) n t r l c t ( ) r
l u l r o r . a t o r vt o r p e , r ' l i r r n t i n gr c s l s ( ) n H \ l A n r : r t c r i l r l sT. h i s s t r t n t i e r t lc r t n l l c c ( ) t l s r t l t c t N i lttn cst:tlr
lislring rt (luxlil\' (r)ntr()lPl()gr:llll
'l
l r e l i r l k r u i n g s t ( t i ( ) n s ( l i s ( L t s st l l c t e s t s t l s c ( l t ( ) v e r i l r . l r n c l s L r l ) s c ( l u e n t Lcl1 ) n t r ( ) tl h c I l l i \ -
tLrlt' s r'ornpli:ttt<e l itlt titc jolr tttix fttt tttttllt.

>>AsphaltContent 'I'llc
\ l l r n V t n e t l l r c l s c l t n l r e u s c c l t ( ) ( l r l e r n r i n c t l r e l t s P h e l tc ( ) r l t c t l {( ) l l l I l A I l l i \ t t L f c s . lll()st
f r r c l u e n t i v r r s t : r ln t c t l r o t l t o c l a t c i s t h r e \ t l i l c t k ) n t e s t . \ \ ' h i ( l ) s c P l l L t l e st l r t ' e s p l l l t l t : t n c i l t g grt'getc
L r s i n gr s o l r ' , . , n 1 ( A A S I I ' 1 1 ) ' f
l ( r i : A S ' l\ l I ) - 2 1 r 2 ) . ' f l r i sp R r t t s s r e r t r l t . r n t l r r ' . r l r i l t L t r, , l \ c r f ' r t r l ri r
glatllrlion lrnullsis olr tlt(, lggr('g1rt('s :rfier thc es1>llrlt lrincltr hlts lrtert rl'rllorccl. Atll()l)l:lti(
r c r r y c L l r t i 1 1 lct : r n l t c L L s t t lr l L r l i n g n t i r p t o c l u c t i o n t ( ) c l r l ( u l i l t e l t s p l t e l t c o n l t : n 1 .l l t h c e s l l i l l t l t I l t i r -
i n g t l L c i l i t t m l t k r s t l e t r i l c c Ll l c l r s Lr r e n) c nt s o f l l r t n r a l c l i l t l s L t s t ' c lI.) r r l p t r l r c l l l j l l t a t e c ln t r c l e l t l
x s p l l : l l t c ( ) n t c n t g l l r . l g e sc l l t p r o | i c l e n r c l r s L r | t ' n l c n tos t l t s l t l l t l t t r r n t e r l t o t l l l l c ; r t o t l t t c c t l l l l i \ t L l r c
( A A S H T ( ) T 2 i 3 l r A S ' l ' X Il ) : i 1 2 5 ) . l r L r ts i n c e t h t . r L s p h u l ti s n o t r c r n o r c c l . g t a c l r t t i o l ri t n l l l V s i sc a r l n ( ) t
l t e p r r f i l r r l c t l . l h t s t ' g : r r - r g c sg r c s i n l r r 4 r L r l e l i t rc l u t t o e r t r i r r n r t t c n i t l ( ( ) l ) s l r i l i r r t sl l e i n g p l : r t t r l
, , r r t l r r , l r l , , t i l | . r l ( , 1 \ ( , 1 \ ( t ) l \ , , , l r r l l l i , r tl l t\ ( \ l i l l ( \ t r : r , l i , ' l ) l , . l i l l ! . \ ' l ' l t . t ' t " ' r l ( n l ( l ! l ! r r l l l n r l i " r '
'l
ltr' llie ignition lnetlxxl hxs ltcen itrct-clsing in use ir'r rcccnl \:crlrs. lrc ignition llleth()cl tlscs
r c r T l r i g l t t ( r l p e r x t u r c s ! i . 1 8 ( l ( 1 ( X ) 0I - ) t ( ) ' l ) U l n o f T t h c r s p l t : t l t l r i n r l e l l r ' o n r t l r e r l l i \ t t l l t s l r t l
1tlc.'liris lrretir(rcllrlso I'cc1r-rircs thal !l clllil)ftiti(m bc perlirntretl ()n the xggreglttcs ttsecl in tlte
l l i x f r t r o t o l r ( ( ( ) u r ) t l i ) l p o s s i l t l c u g g r e g l t e c l c g l l c l r t t i i t nr l t r l i n g t ) l t ' l c s f i n g p l ( x e t s . I ) L l ( ' t ( ) t h ( '
p()tentirll fi)t xggregllt(, g|lrclrrlion chenges to ()( ( rrr aluring tllis tcst. ( iltlti(n is rccolttttlt'nclt tI
\ I r c r - r i r s i n g l l t c l e t t l i t i I t i t r gr l g g r e g l l t c sl i r I .g l a c l a t i o n c c l l p l i l i n c , - t c s t i n g

>>AggregateEradation
Various t\'ll\s 1is() c-\ist kr deterntine xgllregatc grechtitttt. T]lc ilglllcgiltc crllcl flctl ll,-'lt or
l t o t l t i n s i t r e s o l l r t i n t e s s : r t p l c c l p r i ( ) r t ( ) l I i X i n g r , r ' i t hl t s p h : t l t H ' , \ \ ( ' \ ! r ' . l t . t i n H , , i L l l ( l ) l i l n l
rnixrcl rrllrtcri:rl utier e\trl(ti()lr oI. ignition is tlrc onlV trLlc llle;tsttrclllcrlt of thc agg|cgllt(' griLaiil-
tion in thc final rnixtlrrt'. I)epencling On specilic aggregllte pr()pertics. il is tlot Ltnctxttlll()n clullnll
(N() 200)
pr.oclrLctionfirr lrr.tltcl<litir>nelone helf t() ()ne llncl one italf Per('('nt ()f rlrinus 0.015 llllll
lnterill t9 l1 rctulncd to tlle nti\ fionr a blgbouse ctttissiol.rc()ntr()l s)stcnl. A \\ct s(nll)l)c'r
systclt l1:ly leclrrce tltc JntoLlr.rfof tlnes in the mix lll an eqttll lrttotinl. In eciclition. alcgrl(llltion
of tht, eggr.eglrfcsntlr\' ()ccLlr in the cln'ing :rnc1mixing pfocr'\\ rr -r rlrrttrl tltir lrl.rlll. Tllcrc
cllrngrs *ill not l)e fellizc(L if grrrclation tcsting is not pertirrtttctl ()n llggregxte firrnr tlte plrLnt
ntirttl n11iterjal.T|tis entounl Ol chlnqe ir.rthc fines c()ntcnt ol thc ltti\ttlrc can llllvt' lt prrtlirLtllrl
r ' l l c ! t , ' l l tl r t . l t i r l r r r r , \ , ) l u n t ( l f i ( \

L. ()l At-lrl' (.()\'l R(ll. r\Nl) Accul'1'.\\c.liolr HOT rll\ AsPIL\l.l'

IEi>
7
 DD MaxinumSpecificEravity
T l l t t l l c o | c t i c l t l l l l i t \ i l l l L l l I s l t c r i f i c . q r a r i t r ' .( i , , , . o t r l t c l t i l u r r r i n ( ) r r sp e r i n g t l l i x t r r r . r( A A S l l l I )
I - 2 ( l 9 .r\ S ' lI I I ) - 2 (l)l ) i s l t k c t t t r t ' l t s u t t t t t ( n t ( l r l r i r ) s l r o t l r l r r l r o l L t r i n n r i r c l c s l g n l r n r l c l t l r l i t r r - o r r
t x r l l l r o t t c l t t t c s . \ l t r l t J l l l Y i n gt l t c ( 1 , , , , l,r, r t h t ' L r r r r t\ t , i g l i t o l \ l f t r . { 1 , . \ ' i l J t i e l c i t h t t h c o r c l i r . ] i
n l r r x i r n u n rt l r ' n s i t t < t f l t n a s l t h t t l t n t i r t r r r . r ' .I l t i : i , t l t t - r l c , n : i t i . ( ) f t l t c ..zer()
ltll\inv rnixtrll.tirt ll ilir
r o i t l s c o n r l i t i o n r \ l s o t r r l l t , r l l r c l t r t r , . , 1 , , . , i 1 r , ,,_r rt r r . L l r . , ,r t \ ! l ! , \ L . l ( ) l ) ( (, ir ,. ,. , , i, :, , t l t c r i l l i ( ) ( ) ll l t c
\ \ ( ' j 1 ] l l t i t . l l L i t O l r L t t t t i t , , o l t u t t e o i r t r o i r i l c ' . . r r ' P I r r r l tl r i n c l r l r r n c lr r q g l t , g r r l rn- t i \ t L l r c 1 ( )t l t t \ \ c i . q l r t
o l t r r i t c l r L t lr O ] r r l ] t cO l \ \ i t l ! f . : l l t r k r t o r r I l ( . I l t l ) ( . r . l l u r [(.,u t g t r
1 t : L r . l irtl rt Jc r r r r n 1t t r . O c e c l l r r . r . . ,
t e t l l ( ) \ ( e l t t f t l l ) l ) t ( il l l t l f ( ) n t i t l ( ) ( ) \ ( l, l t i \ l L l f ! , t. l t r , l t . . t c l r . t r . t . l n t nttl.t\r . \ ( ) l u n t r , o l l l t t , t t s l t l i t l tr t r L r n
: i r o i c l l t ' s ss l l L t t ' . -l rl c l t i q l t t o l t l t c n t i r s l r r l l t l r ' , l i ri c l t r l l t r l l t i . r o l r r n t r -i ,\ t l l t n l l r \ i l u u n ts l t ( , ( i 1 i (
gfl\ lt\ ()l llt(, u]l\lLlfr

F])L{MPI.E 1

Theoretical
maximum gravity:
specific = 2.438
G,,,,
Unitvreight = -
ofwater (y, I,OOOkg/m,(62.4lbs/ft.)

l\4axrmum - G,,,,
density x (f, =2.438x1,000
(624) =2.438kgln, j tbs/ft,)
('152

'l
l t r - 1 l l t ' O t t l i t l L l l l i l \ i r l l l r r r rs l t c c i f i t u r l t r i t r i s r r s c r l t o c l l l f u l i l l ( , t l t (
l ) r r ( . ( ' n lt i l r o i c l s o l l l r l r < t r . l L
l ( ) r \ ( )rr r I ) i I ( I ( ' ( I s l t r t i l t l c s I l r c n t l l r i r r r L r n t l l r c o t . c ' l i t . l t lr l e n s i n i s l r s c r l l o r l r l t . r r l l L t t I, l r c r r :l l l t r c , t l t , rr
(
s i t r o l l i t ' l t l t l r l t t l r t t c l c c ll ) r l \ c r r r - r t t , , r t : l l r , - r r , l . r t i \ r r l L n \ r l \ r e l i , r | t , t lt o i s l l t c | i l t i ( ) 0 l l ] r c t l e n s i
1 \ ( ) l l l l ( ' l ) i l \ ( ' n t C n 1t O r t s 1 o l l r t l . L \ l l I L l l t l r r , , r r ' t r t . Lrl l ( , n \ l t \ l t ( ) l 1 O l l t t , l l t l r O | t r t o r .rrl r , 1 l s i t ro r
( ( ) l l t l ) l l l( t ( l l t ) t \ t L l l ( \ : l n t l ) l ( \ .
\ \ I l r - ' t rt r r t l t l L l r - t i r l g : t s l t l t r L l tn r i t c l t ' s i g n s . i l n ( l t ( \ l i t . t g l l t L , ] l l i \ l l l 1 ,
l)l()P(,rtir, irr tltr'lit,ltl. rr rs
( ' : s ( n t i : r l t o l : r l ' t , r r s p i t t r l il l l ) ( ) r l t l i ( ) l ti l t t ( ) l l c ( . ( ) u l . l l t ( . 1 t t l ( ) u n O 1 l : r s l t l L r l tl l ) \ ( ) r l ) r , ( l i n l ( ) t l t ( .
i t . q g f ( ' g l l l ( ' \ ( l l l l l l l g I ) r ( ) ( 1 i t ( l i ( ) l t l ) l \ i n 1 - t r r n t l c o r t r 1 r : r c I i O r (r ) l l l l ( , I l t i \ 1 L l f e \ i l l l t ( . ' l r t i l l t ( 1 i ( ) l ) ( ) l i \ - \ ( . t -
r t l 1 : r li o t s :

A l r s o | p t i < l nt l L r r r t c l c I i s t i t sO l l l r c i t r r i i r i r j r r r rilt q g T ! g i l l ( , \r r n c lt l t L , : r g g r ! , g r r t lcr l t , n r l

-l
t ' t t t l t rl-t l r t t t ' ( ) l l l l ( ' l l i \ t L l r ( ,
A u r ( ) t r n to l l i l l l ! n t i \ l L l r ( i 5 l l l i t i l l l l L i n r ( li l l ( , l r ' \ . l t L . rll( - n t l ) ! , t i i l L i r ( , s

I 1 i \ ( l i l f i ( l t l t 1 ( ) ( l t l ( r r l l i r r ( 'l l r e : l n r ( ) l l r l o 1 r r ' p l r l r l l r r l r s o r ' p l i o nt l l r t s r l l L r l t i r n l t t r l ro t . t r u i n t l r t '

l 1 ) i l ( l \ \ i l \ t l l r ( ) L l . q l li l t l r < l t r t t t i t t t t s t i n g . l : s l i n r ; L t i o n s ! . r n l ) ( o l r l e i n c r l t h l o L r u l r c r l t c l i r r t . r , r r r l l r s;ltc.i1
i(llggItgilt('selttllilltliliri.t.1tll(,\\lll(,].lll)\()Il)ti(]llt.lllLt.lttlt't.islics()l.Illtl]l1ltcfiitl\,
llt'crl tictll<ltlslllttc(l lllill tll( (l r r r l r r c r l i : r n u r ' s l t s t l t t , r L s l t l l r l l l t l r s < t l l r e r l i t - l l ( )l l t ( i t g i r f t g l l c \ i l 1 t s
'l
\\itll il gi\cll tllirtrtre ltis crur lrr !'\l)lirint(l lrr reirLllrng tlt( \\rigltl rolurrrr,r.r,llttionsltilt ol
r t L t t t I i e l r r l r c r r c l r . ' 1 t , r r t l i n i n .j q
ts tltcor.etic]l lu:t\ tlLln) sl)t(.ifi(. jl.r\ il\
I r t l l l l t ' r l i l t t c l r r L t t r - rt r r i r i t r g : t s r t r r P l c r l l I I \ 1 . \ . u \ i n g l \ n ( ) \ \ n r r e i g l r t s o l r r g g r r g i l t ( : r n r l r r s l r h : r l l
l r i t l r l e l . I l l r . ' r o l r t t t l t ' o l l l l ( ' l l r l ( ( ) n l p l ( l r ' ( l n r j r l r r l t ' t l r n b c r l c l c l n t i n e c l r r s i r t r . t1l t e l l i ( ( l L s 1 l l t ( , l t -
l i l l t l t c l l l l l o r r - \ \ ' t ' r o L t l t l l l s s L l r t t cl l r l r t i t | ( ' r 1 i l i r r : l r r r ( ) L r on lt l L s P h l t l l : r l r s o t P t i o rIrr r i l 1 a l , e n
Plltcc
L l t r r i l t gt l l i s l l t o t t t l r t t t ' . l f t l t c n t i . , t L r | t ' i : l r c ' l c rl r t i l l r i a l t l ( , n t J ) c r i t l L u lci r r r r I o l l g e t
i ) ( ' r i o ( l( ) l l 1 l ] t ( '
I t l 1 c r l l l i \ i t 1 g . t l t e e s p l l t l l l r i n r l t ' r l i l l ( ( ) n l i n u ( , l o l r t , : r l r s o r b c , ci ln l o l l r t , p o r . r , si 1 t l r r l r q g r c q r t r t , .
'l
l r t t r s s r r l t l t l i o t tt o t r l r l t r l s o l t e t t t r L r l t , i nt l t i : i n s l l r n t . r l, l t i l t 1 l l ( , f c l l l t i \ ( , r r l r s o r . P l i o ruro i t l i l l t t ,
qftllt(f l]lilrl ill I]lr'lilst crtsc. l]t. rrIiglrt tll rrrltritrls |c
I L r n ' t , , n \ t . r t r tl l l , r l , ) n ! ( \ . u I l r l r 1 ( )t l l ( ,
ollltt llotrtlt't. r t s l l r e : t s l r l t l l t l t l r s o r ' p l i o r it r r c t ' r r r r ' . t l r t ' o r c r l r l l r o l r r n r c o l l l r ( , n t i \ l u r ( , s i q 1 l ) ] r '

( . ) r \ t . Jt \ ( . ( ) \ | i ( ) t . . \ \ l ) \ ( . ( . l r l , l \ \ ( . 1(, ) t I i ( I J \ \ \\t'll\l.r ;
-
 e
E

a/)
E
E

= 2.390 ' l ' l r r c L r eidn1 ? 0c i 2 5 0F )o v e n

. L r n e 9 o naeg g t e g a r e
r W a t ear b s o Dotn= ? 7 i !
2.380

F
2.3?0

CureTime,Hours
Mixlure

( l ( ' rr ' i l \ ( \ . l j l r . r ' t ' : t l l t : i r l , L l l i g i l ' .1 | , \ i l l L i i : , - ' l , L r i r l, ( J l l r ( ' l i 1 \ 1 1 r\ l t r ' ' r L L 1I o t l l l g l r i r . t l r s r r | t l l tIt
: r l g r L ' g . l l e s l. l l i \ l ) ( r l ( ' l l t i l l rl l t l t l t l l l i i l l i l l l l l (
(' \ i l l L l L i \ g r ( ' L 1 r ' ll l l , t t l u i t l l i l q g f e g i l l ( ' ' l l l l \ l l l l l
-
l r , \ , r ' r t l r ' t r t t r t i r r t. tl t r l l : l ' 1 r ' r i \ l i $ l ' i g t t t t ' t I t ' l r | \ ' 1 1 1 ,(.' '1 J r 'l ( r r i ( l l l r ' i l l l l t ' ( ) l l ( , l ( c l f ' - ' \ l l l l \T 1 ) i

...r't .' -1,-t, l,t

( l L L i L l i l \' o t r l l . l l c : l i l l S i l s ( l t ) { ! ' l l s l ) ( ) \ s l
l: j- ri|Dl)illrnl l,) rl.ljlllilill L'ltrltlL',j lc'tllll,-lllllllt'\ ill
Illi' rlll'i tlr''igll (l)ll\i(l('ril
r L L ' r , , t l r t . r t l l ( ) L l l l l( ) l l i i l l t ' L l s r ' t l l t l I t i c r t l o l l l l l c t l t I l l l l ' ' ' r l l i r c l t ' t i g r l
(rrill'l
\l:lll\ llgr'tl'ir'' llltrt clt'rtl()ll'.'tl \lilll!lillil
lr()r r .lir'n l('lr'fl(tl l() it\ (l1lillrl 111('Illi\ltlfr -llr ( ' rllltL'.''
l,rtl: ll()ll1' llJl llll\ (1r'\lqll ill:l(llr'('\' ltr()iLl Ltttllg LrIIII|tIiIt't
litttt' irr'lrrr'tlr iu..ttltl
l i t l l t ' l r L ' L t : e t L i t l t 1 i ( ' l ( l l ( ' \ l rllq
l , r r r l r L , L i i t rr ( ) J t t l ( ) l ( l r ' ( t \ i r ) l t : . i l i s r ( ' ( 1 ) l l l r l l ( ' l l t l t ' , 1l i l L ' ' l t l l l t ' t L l l i t l g

|D BulkSpecificEravitY
j L : , , , , i t i r l r L r I r ' ! t r ' ( ' L l . l l l r l ( \ )1I I i ri I I I ( ' ( i L t ' i t l S l ! l t - l l l l l ( l l l r ) \ ' r ' r l L l l i '
\ \ i l l l ) l ( . ( r l i l t ( 1 ) l i l n lD l ( r r
r1'1 l r l | r $ ( ) t 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 lr r' 1 ' 1
r L s | , ci l l t l t t . I t i \ ( l ! \ r g I l , s i I l t . t . . l \ ] r t ' r j i i r 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1\ l l t l ' l l . L i l l l . r l l l l l l t ' t
(; rl
\ i l t l ) l c t \ l i t t . n L L ' t , r l ( ) r l ( l ! ' r l l l i l l ( t l r r l , L r l l .' 1 ) ( . i l i ( g f i l \ i l \ .
. g \ t . r L i ( ) l t \ tI I I t . , - o r I I 1 I I L , . t t r I
l) ilsri L)rl) l-]rr \lrrltilllrillg 1ll( c lrr
l r . l r , r t l l l r r r l . P l r . r l lt \ . \ \ l l ' l ( ) 1 1 ( r ( rl r t I l - i \\l\l
( j ! ' l l \ i 1 \ i)l lilc t' r t l l p l L 1' t ' r ' s
l l t t l l p l t '
t l r . L r r l t tl . r g i l t ( ) l \ \ : l t ( f r r i l l r i c ' l t l t l l t ' i r L l l l '

IXANTPI-E 2

Buk spec = G.,,= 2.344

ficgravitY
= (y - 1,000
Unitv/eght0f vrater kq/m(624 llrs/ft')

- G',x (l --2.344
Bulkclensity x 1,000 = 2 344kqln (1463 llrs/ft
(62.4) )

()L \Ul\ (()\lli()1. \\l) \(.(.1:l'l\\(.1 ()l ll()l \ll\ \\l']ll\l'l

DlAir Voids
S i n c c ( 1 , , , i s I t t e t s t u t c l o n t l t c c o n r I l r c t t t l n r i r t L r l r 's p r . ' icr r r t n l l r e n r t ' l r s t r l t c lr r r l t l l c i n c l t r c l c s
-llrt
:tir crrnteintrl uitlrin tlie sanrplc. p r r ( r l r t i l i r r o i r l s . \ ' . . o f l l r r r o r r r p a c t c c lr r r i x t u r c i s
, .r p r c s s c t l u s 1 p t r ( c n t l l g c o l - t l r t ' l o t l r l l r r r l k r o l u r r r t ( ) 1i h r ' \ i l l n l ) l ( r r n r l i s c l L l c r r l l r t c cLlr s i n gt h c
l r L r l k r t n c l n t t x i r t t t r r r rt h t o ' c t i c r r l s P t c r f i r u l i r i r i i n r l t i s t r l L I r r r o n ( \ - \ s l J ' l O ' l ' , ] ( l ) . A S ' l\ l I ) 3 - l ( ) 3 ) :

- G.,,,)/G,,,,1
v.- t(G,,, x 100

EXA"MPLE 3

G..,=2438 G,o=2.344

(' -2 4-3=8 - 2 ? 4 4' \

V= ,=- x 1 0 0= 3 . 9p e r c e n t
2.438

EXAMPLE 4

Assull( th( (i,,,..rltlue usccl in Iixlrmpir J rr,lrs rlctcmrinccl lftcr e cr-rring pcriocl of thrcc
ltor.trs.r\lso lssuntt: tiltl eticr tlrc s;rnrt' rlixtr.rrc slts ctrreci lirr lt ;lerkrcl ol onc horrr lt G.,,, rltlrrc
'fhc (i,,,,
of l. rl!) is olrtuintcl. of 2.J i r is tlrc sillle in bcxlr exuntples.

(2
' - A1A- 2 144\' x
V= = ,l- 1 0 0= 3 . 1p e r c e n t
2.419

'lhc
c l i f l f r c n c ci n t h c u i r r o i c l t : r l c r r L r l i o rbrt t s c r n F i x : r r r r p l e3su n c l: i i l l u s t n r t e tsl l e i n p ( ) r -
tentt of :tllcxvingthc nri-\tureto cure in tlre fielcl tirr thc srrnrcpcriocl of tinrc lrs in tirr nrix
clcsi.qn.Alt rir r c>iclrcsult ol J. i'ri, ntight causc thc QC srLpe n isiir-on rr projcct to rc(iucc thc
e s p h x l tc o n t e n tt ( ) r x i s el l l e a j r | o i c l s t o : l p r ( ) c l u c t i ( )tnl L r g e(t ) l + ' r . I I ( ) \ \ r \ e r . l \ n o t a c c o u n t i r r r :
f i r t t h c c o n t i n r t i n gl r s p h l l t a l r s o r p t i o rtrl r k i n gp l r r c c .t h e f c s u l t r o t r l t l r i e l c l l r l i r t r r e l i t l r l n
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l l t g L n l i r ( , l t l o c l t r r t i o l t l l o c e s s . I i o r ' ( l L l r l l i i \( ( ) n t f ( ) l l e s t i n . qo f l r o t I n i r r t s l t l t a l t .s : L t t t p l c sl l e l r t k t ' l l
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t l r r r c ' r c s u l i r r ti!n n t o r t ' t ' r t ' n l v cl i st l i l r Lrt t ' r l s l n r l r l c l o cr r t i o n s .

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t o l r r ' c l i r i r l t c l i n l r ) ( ' ( l u l l l s u l ) l ( ) t s( ) l l 1 ) { ) (n) r c t r i ( t o n s ( l l o 0 t ( ) n s ) c l l c h . I s i n g t h c c x c t l p t f r ( ) n r 1 l
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t l t b l c s h o r r n . 1 l r ) ailt s p c ( i l i c s t l l i r l \ ' ( ) L rn t ( ) \ ' ( ' h O l i z o n t : t l l \ 'l ( ) l l r ( ' r ' i g l r 1 . )

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= l : ( 0 - l ( ) 0 0l r t l l i c l ( ) n s ) i000 x 0.r+ : aiO liO (u1+)
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. J : ( 2 0 0 1 - . J 0 0n( lr c t r i ( l ( ) n s ) l ( X ) 0\ 0.01 : l0 + 2 ( X X )= 2 0 1 0 2010(2111)
= + : ( J ( X ) I - 1 0 O n0 t r l r i ( l ( ) n s ) ]000 x 0.21 :2r0 + J000:32-0 32-0 (J59-)
= 5 : ( + 0 1 1 1 - 5 ( Xm ) ( r) r r i c r ( ) n s ) 1000x ( ) . + 3= t 3 ( l + l ( X X ): - r + 3 0 1tJo (+8rJ)

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i n t l t e l l l ) ( ) \ ' r r ' x u r r r p l e .I t i s r ( l i t r i \ c l v t , e s r t o c l r t c r n r i n e u h i c h t n t t k l o e t l o f r t t i r t r r n l e i r l s t l l t '
' ' s l r n p l t t o n t l t t > L r g l tr c ' r ' i c r ro f t l r c r r c i g h t i ( k e t s p f ( ) \ i ( l c c l l L t l l l e
l ) l l l r l t . ' l l t c c e l c r - t l l t t c r ls e l t t p l c
ton uoulcl ltc takcn tirrrn tltt nlttcriitls trrntainecl in thet spccific tntck eithcr ()tlt of llle trtlck
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pling encl tcsting pl:in.

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surnc plojett ir.t Iixlrntltic 5 also reiluircs (lcnsitv tcsting ()n (()res tllkcn fr()ltt tlle c()lll
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\rrs 103-()nrrters ( J + 0 ( X )l c c t . t . ' t h i ' p r L \ e m e n t $ i c l t l r i s J . ( r n r c t c r s ( i 2 f e e t ) . r t n c l: r s i n g l e l e n < '
llrs llrrcrl. I sing thc slrnc nrnclorn nunrber pLoteclure lts ltbove firr ross ts'o lLncltitl'cc io fig
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()t tlt(f c()fts.

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totll lcngtfr p:l\ecl = 10Jr0 ntetcrs (3'i000 fctt)
Strlrkrtler.rgth= t01"0 5 = 20r:i rneters(6800 lcct)
l . o n g i t u d i r . ncll i s t a n c e n n c l o n r n u u r b c r s( r ( ) \ \ ' 2 ) = 0 . 7 i 1 . 0 . 1 1 . 0 . 6 5 . 0 . 2 0l r.. t c 0 l .98
( l e n t e r l i t t e( ) f t . s t rt r n c l o r l lr . t t L t t l b c(rrs( ) \ \ '3 ) : 0 . 1 J 1 . 0 6 ' i . 0 5 0 . 0 l ' i a r r d 0 ( X )

C o r e = 1 : ( 0 t o 2 0 1 . in f r ( ) n rs t a r t( t p t v i n g )
Disrance:20r.i -\ 0.r8 = l(;llJ 1 6 1 8n l ( 5 3 0 7 f l ) l i o n t s t e r l
Ctnterline ofl.sct= 3.(r x 0.87 = 3.1 Off .sct= 3.1 m ( 10.-2tt)

Cc>rc;2: (207:i t() :i-[,i8m from sla ()f l)rlviltla)

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l r v l r t h i r c l p r r t l t ( ) n l r k e s l r r e t h e e n t i r e p r ( ) c c s si s p e r f o r n r i n g l r r l ' r 1 t t : t t t ' l rT . ltis is trpitellv
l e c l L r i r e col n l r o n f i ' r l t r a l a i c l p l o j c c t r i l r u t t r t e r b c s p c c i f i e c ll r r o t l t c l r t g t ' t t t i e s .
I ) e r l i r l n l r n c e b l r s t c l s p c t i f i t r r l i ( ) n se n r p h l l s i z e 1 ) c f f i ) n r i L n ( r o l t l r c l i n i s h t t l p r ( ) ( l l l ( t ( ) \ c r t i r t l (
l t n c l c l o n o t ( 1 ) n c e n t n l t co n c ( ) n s t r l l c t i ( ) nl r ( l i v i t i ( ' s .S l ) r ( i l i ( l ) c r f ( ) n n l t t t t r . ' c t i t c r i l ltt l t ' r . ' s t r L l l l i s l l ci cn l
t h c s p e c l f i c a t i o n r r h i i : l r t h e l l n i s l t r l l o l r l r r u r n r L r s ln r ( ' c 1o r c r r r s p r - ' t i i i c r ll e r i g t l t o 1 t i r t t r - ' .
\ \ ' e r r i l l t t v s P c c i f i ( . u t i o r r\so u l c l l : r 1 Lu n c l e l t h i s c l r t ( g ( ) r \ . I n r L c k l i t i o ns. P e t i f i c : t t i o n s\ \ h i c h t t s c p c r -
tirrDllrncrltllrtc(l testst() e\lrlLrit1e t h c l l l ) i l i t \ o l r r n r i r t o p e r l i r r r n 1 l si n l e l r ( i t ( l o r t l t 1 t r . ' r ' i oocli
t i n r t l r r t c o n s i t l e l c c lt o l r t p e r l o l r t l l t r t b l t s r ' c ls p , - ' icf i c l t t i o l t s .

itionalAcceptancePI ans
D| Trad
A c c e p t e n c ec r i t e r i l a l e r - r s u a i l vu s e r l o n u n L r r n b eor 1 s p c c i f i cp r ( ) p c r t i e so l t h c n t i x t t t t e : t n c l
t h e f i n i s l r e cpl i r \ e n l c n t .T r e c l i t i t > n a l lt rh.r. f i r l k r u i n g s c t ( ) f i l e m s l e r c l r s e c tl ( ) c v i t l u l t t eI I N I A t o t r
slrulctr()npr( )lecls.

. f,lateidls - Aggfcgatr .qra(leti(nct c1ualit.,'. asplraltbinclc| pr()pcftics.:rspltrlt contcnt ancl

rr ti r t rr r e r , , l r r n r t . t rli).I ,' p ( r l i ( r
. ntickness tolerotrces Corcs. vielcl checks. string line or-plver skis
. Pdrenrcnt smoolhtrcss - Strxighte(lge. profilogreph or f rofllomeler
. Pattemert!densitl'- Corcs lncl nuclear gauge reaclings

OI- HOT NllX ASPIIAL]

Qt-rALtTYCO),ITR()LAND ACCEPTANCE
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 l : ( ) r r l l i l l l \ \ ' ( ' r L r \ I. l t l t ( l t ( ) l l l r ( ' r e 5 l ) ( ) n s i l ) i l i l Yt i ) f t h ( t l a r l i t i o n : t l t ) t r l h o ( l s ( ) l i l c c c l ) t l t . t ( , \ \ l l s
l l t l r l l l r t h t s l t t t , . i f r i n u : L g c t i c r ( i o r - t t l l rtto l s o l i e n t i n l c 5 5 u l ) n r i t t ( ( l p l o p o s t r l i r g g f ( , . g i l 1l l(1 1 ( i
I t s l l l l l t l l I l l l t t t t i l L l sl ( ) l l l c : t g ( ' t t a \ . r r l r i c l t r r o r r l c l I l t r n
J r ( , f l ( ) n l lr r n t i t t l r s i g r r . \ t l l t c s l : t f t o l J t l o c l r r i .
t i ( ) l l .l l l ( ' l l ! t ' l l ( l \ o L l l ( l t o n c l t t r t r t s p l r r t lat ( ) n t ( ' l rft( \ l s : l n ( l l q g l c g i t t ( g l i l ( l i l t i ( ) nt.( ) l ] t i l l i ( , \ u r ( 1 1 ] c
i ( ) l )n r i \ 1 ( ) l u t L t lr' rl : r sl r t ' i r r g( l L t l ) l i a x l ( ,l i( li l t i n l r l l o r r l t l r l tl .( ) l ( . t l n ( . r \ .\ : l o r t g r r s t l t e j o l r n t i x l i r r -
n r r r l r rs l r : r r r l l t t , r ' t ttl o . t l i t . r s s L r n t P l r o\r\r' i t n t i r ( l ( ,I l t i l l t l t ( , n t i \ t L l f c r o I L r r I I t , t t . irc. r . i t e r i tu c , r . r , t r l s o
l r t ' i n ! n r r l , \ \ s l l t t c ( l( , l l l l i r ' f l ] t i \ t ' . t L s . f i c r r t i l n ( , i l l l t i s t l l i ( , l l . t s i u ' t l ) t i r ) n .
'l
l t i s t i 1 t r ' o f c o n t l r i n c t l p l o t c s s t o n t t o l r r n i l t r t t c l . t l ; r r r r et l s o r . t , r l r r i r . et cl l lc i l g ( r - . \1. (l ( ) I ) c
r ' 1 ' 1 r o n : i l r l t l i r r n t : r k i n g i l ( j j U s l l l e l t l sl ( ) t l l ( : l g ! f e g . t t c
l ) r ( ) l t ( ) 1 1 i (s) l L r t r lo r t l t r : t s l ) h i l l 1 ( 1 ) l t l ( , n t( ) l '
t ] l c r r i \ l L r ( ' l l r t l l r n g i r r g l l t ( , l l t j \ t u r ! , l ) r ( ) l ) ( ) f r i ( ) li -l tl \r l t (
l ) l i l n l .t l t r . , r r g c r r ti .Lt ( . t i ( ) r\r\s( ) u l ( l l ) ( ) l c n
t r r l l l r l l r t r e : l ( i i r ( ( 1 ( ' f I c f ( ) r rl ] t r ' ( ( ) n t f r l ( t ( ) r "r sr b i l i r rl o r r c l t i e r t ' t l c r r s i tirn t l r e l i r r i s l r t , r l
I)it\(ln(nl.
( . ) l l c nt i n t t s
l t c n : r l t i L rl e r c l r s s t , r s t ,lr(l) t l l ( , ( ( ) r ) t r i l r . l (l)ol r l o r r c l e n s i l i i , s : r n lt il t c ( . ( ) n l t l l ( . t o\ \r: r \
l l ( ) l i r l i l l ) ( ) i t j ( ) l lt r l l l e r t l l l el o I t l t l i t ' r l t : r r t g t ' 1 s ( )l l l ( ' l t i \ l L l r t l o r c r r r t c l iI I I ( , s i I L I i I t i ( ) n
I i ) r t l l ( ' s c t n r l o t i t c l f ( ' r L s o r ' t ls).1 1 ) ( ( , srsr r n l r o l l l L : l r c t l i r r r o r l t o l r l t , c l i n l o 1 ] t e r l L l t l i | t . : t s s L r r .
l L l l ( ( 'l \ l ) ( ' o l s l r e tt l i c t l i l r t l s I. { c | t t h e ( ( ) n t | i t ! t ( ) ri s n r o r c i r r ( ( ) n 1 r ( )(l) l t l t c f i n i s l t t - cyi t r o c l r r r t .
( l l l l t l l c c s I l l i l ( l ( i l l l l t ( ' r t s l r l l t l l p l l L n t r r h i c l r l L t t c r rI l r e
l ) l l ( ( n l ( , n l l r n t l c o n r p l r c t i o r ro p t ' l t t i o r - t sr r r . c
r t t l r r l eb t l l t r ( ( ) n t [ L (l ( ) r .

|| VolunetricMixtureControl
'l.hc
l t ' c < ' t r tt r e n c l t o \ \ r r r ( l l t c l u e l i t r i l s s L r r i L n ctcr l r c o f s p e c i f i c l L t i ( ) n ilas tlll)lturiizc(l r1i\tLrfr
r o l r t t l l t l r ' i c l ) f ( ) l ) c f t i ( ' sf i l t l l t f l h x n l l r t ' c o n r l r i n l r t i o no f i n r l i r i r l u u l m l r t c r i e l t . o n r l t o n r n l s . I I i \ ( t e s l g l r
I r l ( t l l ( ) ( l st t s t t l l ( ) t l l t t l i r t u s o r - tr r r l r r r r r l I i c l ) r ( ) p t f t i ( , ss u c l r a s l r i r r O i c l s .\ ' I I A : t n c l r o i c l s f i l l c t l , , i i t l r
'l
I t s p h r t l l l l e s c P l ( ) l ) c r l i ( ' sr t r e r n r t c h l r t l t t ' t i n c l i r ' : r t o r so l t h c c n g i n e r l i n { p t ( ) l t c f t i c s o l l l t c r p i x t L r r t '
thltrt urt :rsltllrlt contrnt rrrrclrr.qgr.c:tutc gntcletion.
Tllt'st roltttllttritr lll()l)erties nrLrsllrt conllollccl ir.rtlrr tlclcl es \\ell lrs lre sstlrbiislrrcl ir.rtlte
l l l i - r c l c s i . q n\.c | t r t l l t l t s s . g l l ( i i t t i ( ) r ' rl u r c l l t s p l l t l t c o n t r n t c l e t c n n i r . r : l t i ( ) l t s : l rael s ( ) i l l l t ( ) r t u n t t ( )
e n r t l l l e t ' t i L t c l t t c cxl ( l j u s l n r ( ' n t st ( ) t l l c p l ( ) d L r c t i ( ) np r ( ) c r s s . . f u c l u r r r c n t(s) n t h c ( l u r L l i t \ ' o l t l r e f i n i s h c c l
p r ( x l l l ( 1 \ \ l l i c h : t l t I t l t s c t lo t t r o l u n r e t r i c
l ) r ( ) p c l t i c : ,r v i l l l t , l r t l t ( ) g r e : l t e r p e l t i r r r r r a n c et > f t h e p e r c ,
lllL nt
l l l c c l t r e l i t vO f t l t t ' l i n i s l r e r l p . l \ c n r c n t i s n o t e n t i r c l v b l r s c d o n 1 t i \ t L r f e 'l'he
l)r()l)crlies. clensi
tl of the- rolttlstr' lificr construcli()n plets lr nlrjol role in tlrc over:rll pcrtirnlrrnr.c of thc rorrcl-

Oensity Q r n l i t v t o n t t o l o i t h t I I \ 1 . \ i n \ r ) l \ c s l ( ' s t i r ) ge n c lr r n e l r z -
Specilications i n l t t l r t ' l i c l c lp r o c l r r c c cnlt i \ t u r ( t ( ) e n s u r ct l t l t t h r r l t i x
t l t s i g t t c l i t c r i r t c s t l t l t l i s h t ' clli i r - t h c 1 - r u l t i c r r l lrrnl i : t t r r r ee r t ' l r c i n g r r e l . I n n ) ( ) s l ( . 1 r s ( sp. e \ . c p t e n t
c l c t l s i t r s p c c i l i t e t i ( ) r t s : l f e t t s t c l t o i L r r l g t t h r r r ( ( ( , p t l l l ) i l i t \ o f t l t e c o r r p l c t i i ) n p r c l c ( s s c l r r r i n gt o n
s l r L r t(i ( ) n .
'I'llt
g o : t l o f c o t t l l l t t c t i t l gx h o t n r i x l l s l ) l r x l tp i r \ c n ) e n t i s t ( ) i i ( l t i c \ e l n ( ) l ) t i l l t L l l l l v i 1 i c l
lLir t.9n-
t c n t i l n ( l p r r l r i t l t l L 5 1 l t ( x ) 1 hL. r n i t i ) n r ls u r t i r c e . ' l h c l ' r - s r r l t l n l ,i n - p l l t r . r ,l t i t . \ ( ) i ( l ( . ( ) n t e n tO f t l k l l \ l A
i s 1 l f t i l l ; r l r l Vt l l e s i n g l e n r ( ) s ti r r l p o f i l l n t f l r c t o l t l r a t x f f c c l s p c f l i ) n ] l x n c e r > l t l r e s l i - \ t L r r et l l r o l g l l ( ) g l
thc liic ol tltc pl\ cnrent.
T I l t ' l t c t i r i t i e s i n r o l v c c l * i L l t t h c p r o p c l d e s i g n . p l o c l L r c t i o n .p l x c c m e n l . l n t L c o r n y l l r c t i s r 9 . rf
t l l e i t s p i l l l l t l l l i x t t r r c e r c l t l i t r r n r b i n e r l k ) l l c l l i r \ c t h c i n - p l e c e r k n s i t r o f t h e I I \ l A p l r v c r r r e n ta n c l
t l l i i l l l i l t c l \ c l e t e t r l l i n t u h c t l t c r t h c p ; r v e n ) c n t r i l l p c r f i r r t n l r s r x p e c r e r l . I h t , c l c r . r s i t sl .p e c i f i ( . x t i ( r t s

x
y
,r .{r.r'r\ (.()\t Rot_A\r) A(.(ilipTr\NC|()F I{()1.\flX _\Sp Ar.T
t ( ) \ \ h i c h t h e p i l V c n r e n t i s l r L r i l tl L [ t r L s c r l1 o s l i p r r l l t r t i r c l r c c c p t a l r l cl e r e l o f c o I r p l t t l i o n
xchicvccl.
A trpical clcnsitr. sl-rccilrcati( x.i rcllrr\cnts r conillLlison lrets cert tlrc in plrtce clensi[' of tltc
()nc r>ithrcc rcfer-
l ) r v c r l l c n t t h l t i s l r c h i e r c r l r r l t c r I l r r r r lc o n r p r r c t i o r r r. i n r l r L r e l e ' r c n c cr l c n s i l r ' .
(
e n c e c l e n s i t i e si s t . ' l l i c l r l l r r L s c c il n c i c n s i t r \ p e ( i l i c i L l i ( ) n \ :I - i l l ) ( ) r i r t ( ) r fl t n s i t v i lte\ittttlltl llle()rLti-
c l l t l c n s i t t : ( ) r c ( x r t r ( ) ls t r i p t l e n s i r r I s r - o t t l r c n l L r i n r t u r ] t l r t o l e t i r e l c l c n s i t t t o ( l ( ' t c f n r i n e I I ] 1 A
p l \ c 1 l r e n t r l e n s i t v c o n r p l i r r n c cr s p r c l e l r e t l b r t h e . \ s p l i : r 1 tI r ] \ l i t L r t c .

|Dlahoratory Density
This me'llrocl c()nrp:lres in-placc tlcnsitr t() il lal)()rrl()n -corttl-ltctccl slrnrplt of ficlcl protlLrt,.'tl
'[
r r s p h e l tn r i x . e n r l i s p r r r t i c u l l r r l l l r p p l i c l r b l c t o \ l a r s t l r l l c ( n ] r p l r c t i ( ) nJ r to c c t l L r e s . ] t e S L L I ) c r P l t \ t
llctll(xl ()f lltix clcsign uscs tltc SupcrplrVc CVllrtort (i)r)rpllctol' ( SCC ) firl lltltt)l'lttorr c()lttl)it(li()t].
I t h : r s b c e n s h () \ \ ' l r t l l l t t h c S ( ] ( l p x r t e c l u r c i s r r l s o l r m e t l r o c l t l r j c h i s r r e l l l r r l ; L p l c rll( ) f i t l ( l l l l l ) ( )
r x t ( ) 1 1 ' c o l l p x ( 1 i ( ) n( ) p e r i l l i ( ) n s \ x ' i t h e i t h c r ' l n c t h ( ) ( 1 i.r r e i e r e n c e c l c n s i t v i s t s t a l r l i s l r c t lt o u h i c l t
t h i . :c l c n s i r r ' o f t l r c c o m l . r r r c t e rpl l r r e n r c n t i s c o r r r p l r c d . T l i e ' 1 i t ' l c lp- r o r l Lr i t ' c l I l \ 1 A i s c ( ) l l t P l t c t c d
-5 Irkrns lirr'\lrrrslr:tll
using tlrc slllc c()rnpilcti\c ellirlt rrscd ilruing tlre ntix rlcsign (e.g. 50 or
( ' ( ) n ) p i t ( ' t i o no r c l e s i g n n u n t l r t r o f g ) l l l t i ( n s l i l l r t l r c S ( l ( i ) l l n ( l t h c l : r l r o r - r r f o nc l e n s i n i s t t t c u s t t r e c l
t u s i n gt l r c l r u l k s p e c i l i c g r l \ i t v t c s t .
In lenrrs ()l specilicxti()n conrpliencc. iln rgcncv c(nllpllrcs tftc in placc ct>te clcnsitl'. or
n L r r l e a rc l e n s i t l l e l t c l i r t g s t. o t h t l e l i ' r ' c r t c cc l c n s i n ,i n t l t c l i l t t t o f l t n t t i o :

In-Place
Densityx 100
Percent
of Laboratory =
Density
LaboratoryDensity
\ \ ' h c n i t h l s b c c n r e r i f l c c l t l l l l t t h c t i c l ( l p r o c l L r c e cnl r i x m l r t c h c s l l r e r r r i x r l t s i g n r O l t t D t t ' l l . t t '
pr()pertics. tlte llrlror;ttr.rryc(nupilcte(l sallples slroukl provirk' tlrt seme ail r oicl contcnt usecl irt
thc nrix rlcsign. Ihis is t,,'1.e : rlilt\ ' f i r u r p e r c e n t . I f l r n i n p l i l c e l r i r -r ' o i c l c r r n t c n t o f l l p c t c e n l i s
clesilecl iirl a mix clcsignecl xt li)Lrr pcrccnt lritls. thc ir.tpl:rce rLrnsin shor-rlclllle 96 pcrccrrt ()f
t h r r c f e r e n c e l e l r o r ' : t t o nc l c n s i t r .

>> Maximum
fheoreticalDensity
'lhc
r t l r x i n t L r n rt l r r o t c t i c a l i l e n s i l r p r o r i c l t s t l i c L r n i t\ \ c i . q l l l o f t l r e r t t i - x t u t cl t s i f i l l c l e c t i t t t -
p u c L e c tl o a z e r o t i r r o i c l c o r t c i i t i o n I ' s i r t g t l r c l l i c ( t ( ' s i l r e l l t ( x l ( A A S H ' IO 1 2 0 9 . . \ S T l l l ) l 0 l l ) .
tlrc nrlxirr.rtLnriheorcticlll clcnsitr ol thc liclcl-proclrrccd rttixtLLrcis <ltti:tntinecl :ls tltc rttt'fcrr(t
r l e n s i t \ ' .T I l e l e l e t i r e c l e n s i l r ' o 1l l r e i r - rp l r c c p u r c m c n l i s u g u i n c u l c u h t e c l r s t l t c r a l i c t r t 1 t i t e r n
p l l c e i l c n s l t v l o l h e l t - f e r e r r rt r l t ' n s i t r . l h i c i r i n t h i s r l s e i s t h c n l t r i n r t u l l l r e ( n - c l i ( ' xal l c n s i t \ ' :

In-Place
Density
x 100
Percent
0f Maximum
Theoretical =
Density
l\ilaximum Density
Theoretical
S i n c e t h e r n x i n r r r r r t l r c o r c t i c e l t l e n s i t r r t l r r c s c r r t si l \ ' ( ) i c l l e s sr t t i x t r - t L cl u. t i r t p l a c e l t i r r o i c l s
c ( ) n t ( ' n t( ) f l J p c r ( c n t r r i l l : r l * e l s l r c 9 2 p e l c c n t o f t h c l e f e r e n r e n l l x i n ) L n l t l r t o t c l i c r t l c l e n s r t t .
r c g a r d l c s so f t l r e n r i x c l e s i g n a i l r o i c l s r u l u e .
'lir
olrtlrin mr:aningfirl resLrlls.the fielcl ploclucecl mixtrue slmplts rttust bc tttrecl t() tlle silrltc
c x t c n t r l s $ t r s c k r n c c l r r r i n gt l r e m i x c l c s i g r rp l o c e s s . 1 1t h c l ( ) ( ) s cn r i x l L [ t ' s r t r t t p l c sl t r c n o t l c ] e
q u l r t c l \ c r L r e ( li n t h c f i e l c l . l l r r t x r g e t n r l x i n r r - r n rt h c o r c t i c l l l c l e n s i t vu i l l l r c l r r t l t i i i r r l l l l o l r l u e t c r

l - \ l ) A ( l C . f . l ' l l \ \ ( l l( ) | i I ( I
Q t . A L I T IC O N T I I ( ) A \llX,\Sl'll\l-T
<
 tltt' r-t'llrlivt'lv lou, lrsphult lrbsorptirxr (rcsrilting in grexler lt.rixlrrrevolrrrtte) uhich hlts ()ccurre(1.
I - n t i e r l l r i s s c e n a l i o . t h c i n - p l e c c p l l l r n r c n t r i e n s i t l ( u n r l i t s i r r v e r s e .p a \ ' a ! l ( n t l l i r \ o i ( l s ) c ( ) u l ( l
b e c l c t e l r r r i n c t lt o l r e e c c e p t l l r l c l l r e n i n f u t L . t l r e l c t r - r e lr o i c l s s t l c s r r b s t e n r i a l l t . h i g h e rT' .l r i s s i t
ullti()n c()ul(l lclrtl to prcrnlttrrc J):lvcrr)c1rtclcrcrit>r:rtion. uncl it thcrcfirle illrrstrates llle irllp()r-
lln( c of propcr c rring r>f the tlclcl slmples.

DD ControlStripDensity
T h i s p l o c e s s c l r l l s f i r l t l r c ( ( ) n s t n l c t i ( ) no f a p u v c r n e n t c o n t l r i l s t l i p . r t l s o c l t l l e c ll t t c s t s t r i p . o f
1 l r l ) i n i l l l u n l l c n g t h r l l o n n e g t o f n r i x x t t l r r s t a n o f c u c h p r \ e l n c n t c o r - r r s cb c i n g l l t i c l . ' l h i : r ' o n
l[()] slrip is lllrrl ()l llrc pl\'ing pf()icrt. A nc\ cOntrol stlip shoLrlrl rlso lrc rtrtslrLr.tctl it nltj'rr
c h l n g t ' s i n n r i \ t u f c l ) r ( ) ( l L r c t i o no r l r l a c c n i t n l o t c L u . - \ n L r c k l l c l c n s i t l g l u g ( ' i s r t p i c l L l l v t r s c c ll o
n t ( ) n i t o r t l l c t l e n s i l i c : r t i o r rp r ( x t s s . A n t r i l t l r r c l L t l i n gi s l l L k e n e t ( ) n e ( ) r n t ( ) f c l r c t t i o r t s o n t h c
r n l r t l r t i c l s t r c c c s s i r ep l r s s c su i t l r c l c h r o l l e r ' \ \ ' l r t ' n t l r c n l l \ i n r L l n r c l c n s i t r o f t l r e c ( ) n t r o l s ( r i l ) i s
l t c h i c r c c l . t l t c c o n t p e t l i o n p r ( ) ( c s s i s ( ( ) n r p l ( ' t ! ' .\ l i r x i n r l r r t l t ' n s i t v i s s e i t l t o h r n e b c c n l t c h i c r t r l
\ l r t n t l r r i n , :r ' r : e s ti n c k ' n s i t t r r l t r - 'sr L r c c r - ' s s i r c( ) l l t ' r ' i ) 1 r s s ci 'ss l ( ' s s t l l l r n l ( r l i g n r ' ( l l l ) s i 1 ' ) . ( ) r r t t
s ( ) n r c 1 ) t ] r ( ' r r r l r r r r | : t c | n r i r r r : r lb r t l t c t r g C n r t . - \ 1 i c I c ( ) n r p i l ( t j ( ) no l t ] r t c o n t t . o l s t I i I i s c O r r r p l t t c c l .
l r s P e c i l i c r l r t r r n t b e to l l r L r l ks p c c i l i c g f : l \ i t \ ( ( l e n s i t \ ) 1 c 5 t si l r ( n l t l r s r r r c t l ( ) r ( ( ) r ( ' \ i r l l ) l ( ' s t i r l i c n
l | o n t l . e n c l o r lror t e l i o n s \ i t l r i n l l r t ( ( ) l r t f ( ) sl l f i p l t n t l r r r e | e g t t l l O O l r l l L i n t l r e | c l c l t r r r . ec l c n s r t r . ' l t t
( ( ) r ( ' s l | r l r l s o L r s c t lt o c : i l i l ) f i r t cr h c r r u r L t , r LgIa l r g c r l l u r t l r c r c l c n s i t t a 1 ) n t r o l\ \ i l l r c l r o n l l r c
n L r c l e i l fr ( i l ( l 1 r - 1 g 5 . ' f l tlcr f c l e n c t ' ( ( ) n t r ( ) l s l r i p c l c ' r r s i l tn r r s l l l r t ' n l r e r o r t p t r c t l t o c i t i t c r t l l c l i t l ) ( )
r : l l ( ) r \ ' ( ) r r r i l \ i r r u n r l l r ( o f ( t i ( 1 r l t l t D s i t r o f t l r c l i e l i l p r o i l L r c c r iI I \ l r \ t ( ) t k ' t L ' r ' n r i n (i l ( l ( ' l r s i l i (] l r ( ) n l s
l L r l c ' r 1 L I r 1 r ' i l ni l ( l( ! ' I) t l l I) I( . ] i r t ' n t h o r r g l t i t s r D i r - \ i n r L l rct I r t s i f r \ \ r r s r t t l r i t r c ' t l ( l u r i n g ( ( ) n l f ( ) l s l n l r
( ( ) n t n l ( 1 i ( ) n . r l t i s t l t D s i l r n l i t \ n ( ) t l ) r e t a n l t . l c c l r l a l r l el t ' r e l l i l t ! o o r l l r l l l t n r ( r r r I ) ( r ' f ( ) t ' t r i u r ( ( ] .
S e r c | a l l r r r l o r s r r r n l r f f t ' t 1l l r e r r i r x i n r L L n(rl c n s i t \ l a l l j t V e ( l r l r r | i n g t l r r : P l r r , . t ' n r r n to l l l r t ' t o n l l . o l
s lf i l ) :

. \ g g f ( ' g l l l t g | r L r l riLoln
\ n r () ul r t ( ) f r l r r s l r r ' , . P 1lrrri,:lr-s
\ s p l l t l t l r i n t i t ' r 'r ' o n t t n t
\ I i r l c l r l r r ' r ' rrr-lr l r
\ \ ( ' l l ll l ( ' r t r r n t l i t i o r t s
\rrntlrt'r lntl lr Pt's ol lollt'r':
\ l r r l t ' r ' i : lrrl c ' n t ' : r l ll lrr ( ' ( ( ) l l 1 f ( ) lt f i l )

'l
l r c r o r I I I r j r I r r t i o ror l r r l l t l r c l e l c l c r r c r c l l r L r t o l s r r r r r s tl r c t o n t l o l l e r l c l u l r r t gt l r t c ( ) l l s t r L r ( 1 i ( )(l)l J i r
( ( ) n 1 r ( ) ]s l r i l ) \ l a r t i l r l r l r r o
l n o l o n t ' o r l l ( ( ) r l l ) i l l L l i ( ) r ro 1 l : r t l o l s r l L r l i n g p l o c l r r c t i o n p l r r i r r g s l t o r r l c i
n ( ) l l ) t i l l l ( ) \ \ ' e ( 1I.t i s l r l s o i l l r p o r t l l n t t h r r t t l r r : n i r r t e r i l r l( ) r l ) l l \ c n r c n t , r ' ( ) r r r sler r - n e l L t ]l rl r r t o n t [ o ]
s t l i p l r e e s s c n t i l t L Llrl t r s a l t c l r s l l r t l t ' n l L i n r l c r o f l l r r ' l r l t ' l r t o l r r ' p l n t ' c i .
( ) n c t ' e n r r c c t ' p l : L l r l t ' ( ( ) n t f\ (t )r li l ) h r r sb c c r r o l r t l r i n c c ls. i n c r ' l h c i n - p l r r c ct l c n s i n i s t x r r r l l v t l r c
r r t ( ' r ( ' n ( ( ' c l c n s i t rt.t P i i r r l l r 9 f i t ( ) l ( X ) l ) c r c c n t( ) l t l l c r ( 1 i r ! n ( ( r l c n s i l r i s r h t ' t l c s i r c i l ] \ ( ' r i l g c r l l r
g r l ( l c n s i l v c l r r r i n gc o n s t n r c t i o n . . { l s o . i n c l i r i d u a l l c s t r e s L r i t ss l r o L r l t lt r 1 : r i c l r l l rb t r r o l c s s t h u n 9 5
l.' "/, l\'ti, |ll ' 'l Ilr t. rq, ,lr -itr.

> > MethodDensiUSpec

iti cation
A rttetlrocl spccificlrtion.s(nllctilncsrclirrccl to lis orclinlrn,c()rrlplicti()n. hlrs no refcrcnct:
rltnsin uguinstrvhich thc in-place c1ensil1xncl air \1)iclsrre compuLecl.Tlris tvpe of spetilicalion
((mtuins itenrs such as nrrmlrcr xn(l t\,pc ol rollers to bc usecl.nurnber ()f p:rsscsof eilcir rollcr,

llli2 ot'rr.rr\' (]()\TR()r.ANr)Acctp'rANCE

or- H()t rllx AspH'\Lr'
7
u s e ( ) l ( e n r l ) e r l t L r r cn r e a s L r r e n l c n l sc.l c s ( r i l ) t i ( ) l r s u c h i l s \ L r f f l l ( r i s r o l l e c l t r n t i l f i c c o f l o l i e r
l n a r k s . c t c . - l u c l g l ] r e n it s t f r c ; l r i n r r r r i t l c c i s i o n t r x r l f o r c l c t c | r l l i n i n go p t i n r r r n t c ( ) r l l p l l c t i ( ) n\ \ ' l l e l t
t u s i n gt i r i s t 1 ' p c o f s p c c i f i c r t i ( ) n .\ l ( ' t h ( ) ( l s p c c i i i c i r t i ( ) n \e r c g e n c r t l l r o n l v a p p l i c r t b l c f i ) r s l t t a l l t r
p r ( ) j c c t s\ \ ' i t h l i g h t f f t l t l i a . : r r c l i s i r - L r c t c : s i h l !t ( ) \ t r r n ( L l r ( l( ( ) l l ) : l ( t i ( ) r 'tl c l L t i P n r e n t o
. r tllin lift c(l)!l
stnr(ti()n (2i nrnr ll in.l ol It':s) :Lrtlr rr: ltrclrng toLrr:e: lntl thirr II\lA olcr]ltvs. Ilt thcsc cils(s.
t o s l l r n r l t l r c i n l r l r i l i t r ' t ( ) ( ) l ) t i l i n n r c i u r i n g l L l lr l r i r t r r n r t l r i n . i n - p l r r c c l ) i r \ c r r c r l t s l t r e t l t t t l t t l l t c u s e
ol lt rclt'rence clc|rsit\\l)r(ili(xlron.

DD Beleren
ce Density
Speci Ii cations
S e t i s f l L t t o n ' I ) J \ c n r e n tp c l l i r l n r l n r c l e s t r l t i n g l i o n t i r t L r s eo i r u r r l r . ' l e r e n c t c l t n s i t v s p e c i l i c l t
t i o n c l e ; r c n r l so r r s l r rl t f : r c l o l s e s :

o l)ropr.'rlt rksigr.rctl ilnci l)llnt plotlr-rcccl llri-\tLrrcs.

. I ) f o p r f s l r r n p l i n ge n c l l r e n c l l i r r gP l o c e c l u r c so l t l r e l o o s c s l r n r p l t ' sl r r r r t tt i r c r n i \ i l r g l l r c i l i t r o r
r c l t c l ul t t .
. I ) r ( ) l ) c ri i c l t l l l r l r o r : r t o l r t ( s l i n . q p r ( ) c ( ' ( l u r c s ,c s P c t i e l l v c ( ) r r c c t c ( ) n r p : l ( l i ( ) nt e ( l r r r i ( l L r ( 'rsl r t ( l
n l r r \ i n r L l r l rI h c o r r t i c l l l t l c n s i n r r s l l p p f ( ) p r i l i t e .
. I ) r o l r e l s a r t t p l i r t u .h l t n r l L i n g .l l n ( l t c s t i n g ( ) l t l r ( ' l l l l \ ( ' r t l e n t i o r c s r t t t t l t l t s .
. r \ ( i ( ' ( l L l r r l lci t l r l t o r . t l i n e n r r n t ( ) 1t h c n r i \ t u l c c l t r t i n g l l r c t , ' r r r l r . r ,t i , ' r t I ) r 1, r \ ' \ \

l 1 r t , r ' c l l Li ol r t s l t i l r l r e l s c e r t t l t c r c l c r e n c c r l c n s i t t r r e e s r r e n r c n t s l n r l r l t t ' l t i l i < l i t l s o l t l t c i t t

r . 0 8 . - . 0 9 r L n t l- . 1 0 . A n i n - P l l r c t l t i t r o i t l s t x r . q e t( ( l L r i t lI ( ) I
Ilrrte plrrtnrcnt is sho$n in lrigur('s
l ) c l a c n t i s c l c l - r i c t c rl lr g r r i n s lt r r t l r l r p c o l l c l i ' r ' r . ' ncL ( l ( n s i t \ . I i g l l t l ) ( ' r ( ( ' n l i s s c l e t t e t l l t e r t '
l r c t r L r r : ci 1 i s l r c l i c r r - ' ct hl i l t i l t l r i s l c i t ' l o l t o n r p l r l i o n i s l t t l r i c r c c l t l h c l i u r ( ' o 1 c o t t : l r L r c l i c . . .
l i ) L l r 1 ) r r c c n t l r i r r o i t l s u i l l l r c l r c h i e v e c li r r r f r s v c e r s e l i c l l i r l t h c r ' ( l c n s i f i ( i r l i ( ) r or l l l t t l l t r t ' t t t r ' t t l
L r n c l e1r l . r l l i c S . o n t c l t g e r t c i c sn r t \ l ) ] t l r ' r 1 rt i l r g ( ' ll ( ' s : t l L r e i g l t t l ) ( r ( ( ' n t i r i f r ( ) i c l si n t l r r ' ( ( ) r t t l ) l t ( t
((l l)it\crlt('nl. \ lllfl-l('l riglrcf tlltn i'iglrt l)cr'(cnl i: It()l fr'(()rtrtt(lt(1('(1.
I t s ] r o r r l r ll r t , n o t t , c ll l l i L l \ \ l l i l c l l l r ( r ) n t p . t r i s ( ) r l' rt t ' l l c t ' n n r l l \ i r l L r n l l r t o r t t i t r r l c l r - ' r r r i l r t n t l j l t
p l ; r r t ; r i I r o i c l s r ( ) n t e n l i s l L c ( ) n s i s l e n(tn t ( . t l L Cl c l l r t i o n s l r i y lrrsr ' 1 \ r ' r ' nt l r t ' o l l t e r l \ \ ( ) f ( ' f ( ' r ( ' n ( r '
r l t n s i l r l t l x ' s l L n c il n l t l l L t e : L i rr o i t l s l i l l s h i l i r r p o r t l o t t n i l t p t ' n r l i n q r ) n l l r ( i l ( t u . l l t t t i r t l i ' s t - l
I r n r ic o r r p ; r r l i o nc r i l , . ' r ' irlr s c c il n I l r c s p t ' t i l i t e t i o n I r o r c ' r , . t n r p l cj l T l r ( ' r l i \ r l t s i g t t r t i t t o i t l s i s l i r t '
l x r ( ( l r t i l s s l r o u n i r r i i g r r l i ' - . f i . l l r ( ' n 1 ( ) ( ll ) c r r ' r ' r t( ) l l r L l r o r t l o r rt i t ' n s 1 1rrr r L t l t l l ) ( ' r L ll i \ ( l ) ( r ( ( ' l t l
l r i l i o i i l s . ' l l r t l e r l L r i l t t il ) c r ( t r r l l i l l ) ( ) r i r t o lct l e n s i l rl o r r r ' l r i t r r ' f il ) ! ' f ( ( ' n ti n p l l t c e r t i r r , r i t l s i s ( ) -
lX,r((,ll1'I|il(()lllI)x(.ti()lltt.iler.itltltll.9()l)|'l(.(,lll()1Iill)()rilt()|\.:l..'tlsilrrret.c'Ltst,tl'ltt
\ ( ) i ( l c ( ) n 1 c l l 1( ) l n i J r c l ) c r ( r ' l l t r r o r r l r l | c s r r l i ( n ( ) t S l x f ( ( ' l r l )
-
S i n r i l r r r l tl.o r l r n r i r r l e s i c n r r i r \' ( ) i ( l r ( ) n t t n t o t . l P c r c e n t .r r . . l r o u r r i n i i g L t t e l ( ) . i l ( o r l t
( ) i p e r ' ,e. n l o 1 l r l r o l r l o r r c l c n s i t r i s l t ' t l L r i l c r ll ( ) i r ( h i ( \ c i n p l l t c e r o i t l s o l
l)x(lion (rilcri()n ol
( ' i g l i t p r r ( L ' n 1 1 ' l t r c o r n p r r r l i o r -(rf i l ( ' f i { ) n n t c n t i ( ) r t t ' t li n l l r r ' p t t ' r i o L t s r ' \ l L l r l l ) l ( ( 9 ( ) P ( ' r ( ( ' l t l ) \ \ ( ) t l l ( l
r c s u l t i n s c r t n l ) ( r c c n t i n p l r L c cr o i c l s .
I t i s i n r l ) ( ) f t a n t1 o u n c l t r s t l r n t lt h e r e L l t i ( ) n \ l i i l ) . l r t l s t e r i t l r e r r t i r ,r l e s i g n r t i r \ ( ) i c l c ( ) r ' l t c r titl l t ( l
i t s c f f i ' c t o n r e f c r e n t e c i r r r s i l v s p t ' ci f i c r r l i ( ) n s. \ 1 ) l f t i ( L r l u r . t l t n s i t \s p c c i f i c e l i o r tl t ] i l \ I ) r ( ) \ i ( l ( s - t t r \
f u c t o n f i c l t l c ( ) n l l ) l r c t i ( ) no n o n e p r o j e c t . l r u t c l u r t o c l r i u r g c s i n n ) i \ t L L r c( l c s i . q nc r i t c f i u . I r l l ! l ) e
inrtclL-(lutte()n lln()tllcf.
Tlre use ol relercmceclensitl' sJx,cilicetiorrs(lalxrr.rtorr c()mp:r(1j()n,lr.ut'\intnl drcotctic-.tlan(l (ont(t
sldp) is rpp()prirte lin lll prqe'ds \\ith l lili tlritkntss grfxtcr dlxn -2i nrnr (I in.). lhlch of thc rcfi'tcnt:e
c1ensitr.spet.ifica1i<lttprtrttluresIler'eaclclititlnelc<lttsiilcr.ttillnstlntllllt\'nlake{n1eItl()1clllllllllct]lan
lun()titr ()n :r pelti(arhr pnrject.'l1rer trrnsiclcr.rdonsinclucle tr.rffic rrir.rnre. sul)g'r.r(lesuplx)lt. sizc ()f tht
pK)je(t. ()nsbu(1ion ancl testing sclteclules.ancl env liR thicl<ncss\'ariJti()rl.

OT'AI-TT\' (]ON]'ROL AND ACCEP]ANCF:OF I IOl' 1\,1IX,\SPLIALT

 % ol Maximum In-Place
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\ \ ' l t c n : r s p c c i f i c l e f r l r r r c r : c l t ' n s i t r ' p l o c c r l L r l t ' ( l u l r o l r L l o r rn. r a x i r t t r u nr h e o r c t i c r r l .( ) r c ( ) n t r ( ) l

s t r i l ) ) i s ( l l o s e n i i r a p r ' o j e t r . l h i s s l l n r r l r t i ' r ' t n c e ( i c n s i t v l ) r ( ) ( r s s s l r o r r l t l l r c L r s c ctll r l o u g h o L t tt h t
l c s t i n g : u r ( l ( l c t cr l l r i l . L ri (t) n o l i r . rp l l l c e ( l e n s i t \ ' . ' I h i s r r i l l e n s t r r e t h l t : l \ l l l j ( l c o l ] r ; x r I i s o n t \ i \ r s i l r
l h t ( l ( ' t ( ' m l i n i l t i ( ) no t r L - n s i t r c ( n l ) p l i i l n c ( . A h i g l t r ( l ( ' g l c c ( ) t c ( ) r r p : r ( t i ( ) l rr r i o n i t o l i r r g i s n e c e s s l r v
i n t l r c i n i t i l r l s t l r g r s o f t h e c o n s t n l c t i o n p l o c c s s . r ' c g e n l l e s so f t h c r l c n s i l r s p c t r l i r l L t i o n u s c r L .t o
e n s l l r c ( ) p l i n I l l r l . t : s t r l t sf l o n r l h c ( ( ) l l p i t c t i ( ) 1 1p I ( ) c t s s .
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h i g h i l e n s i t r ( l r t k r s . J 1 ) e r c c n ta i r r o i c l s ) i n a r r r r r r p r r c t e rnl 1 i \ i \ r ' l ( ) 1 c ( t1l .r ( ' ( l l l s ( ' s h o L r l t l l r e
'l'his
r b l t l n r i n t t l l r n c lc o n c c t c c l . p r o b l e n r r r r r r a l s o r e c l u i r c t h r r t t h e n r i x l ) r l L c l j L r s t eorri '
r e c l t s i g r r t ' i Ll ) l l \ ' c n r ( ' n t s , , r ' i t h
l L n i n i t i l l i l i r \ ( ) i ( l c ( ) n t ( n t l r t l o N t h l t ' r p t f ( c n l r l r c s L l s c e p l i l ) l et o
l ) c n t t r L n c n tc l c f i r r r r r a t i o ne n c l f l r r s h i n g l L l t c I l i r r t h c r c o n s o l i d l L t i o nc l r - r el t l t r l r 1 l l c .C o n r e r s el r . h i . q h
i n i r i : l l l i r r o i c l l c r c l s . r t l ) o r t ' t ' i g h t p t r c c n t . i l r c l i k c l r t o l i c l t l l ) r I \ c n r c r ) l sr v l t i c l t l t . q cp l t l n x t u r e l \ ' .
'l'hcsc
l o \ c l c n s i l Vp : L | t n r r n t s l l r e l l l ( ) r e P c l n r e l r b l e t ( ) t l r r c l ! l n r i r g i n ge f l e c t s o l ] i r : l n a l \ \ l r t c r
n l i g r x t i n g i n l o I l l c i n t ( ' r i ( ) f ( ) i t h e l n : l t . T h e r c s r - r lits e b r i t L l c p e Y e u r c n l \ h i c h i s n x f c l i k c l v t < . r
c r t c k c l u c t o a g t I t a l d e n i n g o f t h e r r s p h u l tb i n c l c r a n c l e f f c c t s o l t l r e r r r t a lc x p l t n s i r n r l n ( l c ( ) n t r i r ( '
l i ( ) n . I l l e s c p l l v c n r c n t sr r e l l l s ( )r ) r ( ) r rs L r s c e p t i l ) l e to stripping ril thc esPlrllt filnr frorD tlle sLrriuce
o f t l r t e u u r e g r L t cr. ' t s r r l t i n gi n l r r c c l l r c t i o n i n l ) i l \ ( n l c n t s t f c n g t h .
For llrcsc IeasOris il is recrrnrmencitcl thllt c()lrp:l(li()n spct il-iratiorrs rcclr-rirctltc rcslrltiD.qill
p l l l c c . l i r \ ( ) i ( L s .i n r n r c L l i x t e l Ve f l c r c o n s t n r c t i o n . l r t ' l r c t \ e e r t f i ) l r I l t n c l c i g l r t P c r c c n t ( 9 6 t o 9 2 p e r
c e n t ( ) l l l 1 1 r \ i r ] l L r 1t llr e ( ) r r l i c x l c l c n s i t t) . S t u ( L i c sh : l V c 5 h ( ) \ \ n ( l r i s l . u n g e i n P a r e r t t e n t l t i r \ ( ) i ( l s
ill.li,lsetltc1l.tltlelcsisIltttt'cttllLit.ltntl\\i]t(.ril]t]Llsi{)llrr'llileeJ1tlrr.irrg
talic pl:rtt s illrorr( srvrlc pcmllnrnt clclirr:rrrrrionor fluslring.

4
Qt -l.LI1\' (.()\lltol- ()f Il()T \llX ASI'tlAI-1
,\\l) 1C.(.1-.P1r\N(l1l
-
 Illrsttl on the prescnr knollrclge of pl:rnt ploclLrction;Lnclp:rverrenl
Sunmary l r t ' l r l v i o r 'r.l r r ; r i i t v< r n t l o l n r L r sltr t : r r t i l i z e ct l( ) r r l l n a g ct h , . 'p l o ct s s o f
lsplirtlt nrixtrrlr Ptocluctio|r i|r orcler to nrinirrrize thc \llrirl)ilitv l)ct\\ecn nrix clesign go:r1ss,-t irr
t h r ' l a l r r r a t o n e n c l u c t r r : i ln r i x r c s l r l r se c h i e r e c l i n t h c p l x l t t .
A s t r l t i s t i ( x l l vl r a s e c ls e n r p l i n g l r n c l t c s t i n g p r ( ) g n r n rl i r r c l u l l i t v c ( ) n t r ( ) l( l ( ) c s n ( ) t e l i l l r i n e t e t h r
ncccl liI lrrlctlulrte agcncV fielrl insprction. OlNiouslv clctcctive lnllterixls sliorLlclbc c()nsi(lcrc(l
f i ) r r e j c c t i ( ) n .c r e n t h o L r g ht h c \ , r n i l V n ( ) t n c c e s s i l r i l vb c c f r o s c n 1 o r t c s t i n g t r n c l c r t h c c l r L l r l i t v
lssLrrlrlce process. Iror exanplc, suppose l sr-rbkx is cicflnecl lrs cor.rtrlining 1000 lnetric kxrs
( l l 0 0 t o n s ) o l I I \ l A e n c l l l r e t n r < k s c l t ' l i v t ' r i n gt h ! ' n r i x t ( ) T h c p r ( ) j c c t i r r c i r \ ' ( ' n r g i n g2 0 n r ( ' t n ( t ( ) n s
( 2 2 t o n s ) p c r l o a d . I f t h c s p c c i l i c l t i o n s r e c l u i r e o n e s l r n r p l e( ) 1 - I I N I Al ) e o l r t l r i n e t l l i r c l u l r l i t r c o n -
tr()l tcsting pcr strlrirx. there is onlr u 294 chance thxt lr)\. sir.rglctlr-ir'k loecl *otrlcl be choscn firr
t e s t i n g . A p r o p c r l t t n r i n c c l f i t l c l i n s l ) e ( t ( ) rl o L r l c l r r c e c lt o h a v e t h e a u t h ( ) r i t \ t o r c c o r n n r c n c lr c j c c -
tiiin ol-tleiecti|e kracls of H\lA regr|clless of *lrrtlrer ()r rx)t tlle\ ure inclucLcciin the tcsr results.
A <lettr.tivc loacl rrortltl hltrc one or rnole olrvioLrs r isual cleterls. srrch as conlltrttinati()n. c-\ccss
asphalt. scverc segrcgiltk)n or ll temperllLlre clt,fit iencl.
'lhc
in plrrcc ail l<.liclsol the IINTA lfier conrpuction is prolralrlv the sir.tglenr()sl inrportllnt
lltctor-in thc ucceptxn(c procccltrrc thllt rllects perfirrnrance of the nri,tturc thror.rgh<.rut thc lifl'of
thc l)ltvrnlcnt. Ikrlever. spccif'r'ing colnl)llcti()n is not sulllcient lil cnsLrling thc sr-rcccssofu
pr\ ing proje( l or cnsrrling a clurablc. krng lesting pxvcmrnt. (i)nrplcti()n spccitications urc thc
lirrrtl step in llrr l()txl clrllr]itt' lrssLLr1Incc ()1 the IINIA c()nstnlcti()n 1lr'ocess.l)(rpcr mi-r clcsigrr.
l)r(xlu(ti()n. riualitl control. c()nstrLlction lncl rl( cel)t.lncc procccluLrs nrLlst l)c intcgriltccl sithin
tlle proje(1 recluirerrents t() echie\c lt clrlriitr protlucl.

\ s t ) h . r l lrl i \ . s l , r ( ! ( 1 ! l i . ! ' \ s s ( ) ( i r l r ( ) (| i l r ' t ) h x l l l , ! \ j n g l ( . h n ( ) l t ) r 1 . 1\' (. ) l f , , r( l r , ) j ) l ) l ) l $ - J r ) ( ,

r:l l n r c r L r , ) t I ' u b l ( k ) : ( l s \ 1 5 . R ( ' t r ) r t= 1 )
\I.1|lin(/,|..|n(]]jit\()ln\.I].'\('|(\l](']()|.\Iil\in)u|nl|r(1)r(1](.1l\|l,(]l.i.(ij!\]l\|(|\\|)l].LilII\1LlrfI\l!l]
l ' . r n s l r r r r f d r l t ( \ r . r ' r l r l t r ( , , r L lI J l ) ( r .l 9 r l . t ) l _

h- QI-ALI:I-YCONTROL AND ACCEPTAN(]IOF IIOT J\{IXASPIIAI-T

77
 I t i s r l c s i n r l r i ct o c ( ) n ( l u ( lr r l l I r o t n i - r l t s p h : r l t
( I J - \ l - \ )1 r : irrn g ( ) l ) r ' r i l t i ( ) nNsi t l r o r r ts c g | r g e t i o n( ) 1
t h c r l l i x t L r r e .l ) t r t t o r r r a n \ 't u C k r r s .i t i s V e n t l i l l i c L r l tl o c l i r r i i l r . r t , \-c l r L - . r t i , , n
t o n r p l t t t l r ' . T h c n c \ t l r t s t l r l t e r n e t i r c i : t o l r L r i l t ll l \ l A l ) l l \ c l r r n t s $ i t l r t l r e
l('rst segrc.qitti()n p o s s i b l r ' . i r t o l c l c l l o c l o t l r r L t .r t r s l r t ' c r - r s l u \ t ( ) u n ( l t r s t r u t d
l l l t n : l t u r t o f s c g r r i c l l t i ( ) ni r t I I \ l A . r r $ c l l : r ' i t ' r ' r L u \ r 5r L n ( lt h ( p r t \ ( j n t i \ c
l r r c l r s l l r e st o b r t l t k c l t . ] l e t h ( ) c l so i | t t o u r r i z i r r g r L n c :l L r o i c l i n g\ L , i r , L r I r " n r n
procluctir.rniln(l c()l lstrlrcti( )l.roi Ii\l \ lrrt yrlt,st,ntcclrn this r'h.r1rtt'r.ln lLclcli
t i 1 ) n .f h ( ' l t n l r l t s i s o l c , q r ( c l t t ( l r r r i x e si : r l i s c r r : s r c l .r L r r caLo r t t l r t rr(.rsurt:5
arc gir en.

Segreglltion in H,\lA is il n()n LLnit()r'lr(lis

Atewlewot Segregationt l i l r t t t i , r r, ) ' -l l r c \ . l ri , , r \ . l B t f (J . l . l t \(i'/ ' \
tltrouglrotit tlie rriltss.Tlrc finishecj nral Itls lL vlriccl lc,\turc lincl Ilorc th:tn
l i k c l l . c l o e s n o t l c o t s l l r c i f i c l r t i o n r e ( l u i r e l n e n t sf i r r s r r r f r c r :t c x l u r e . s r r o ( ) t h -
ncss. or rlt'nsit\' ( Irigurc 8.01). Segrcgxtc(l lrrcls rliltcr fron.t tlre ltpprovecl mix
clcsign.:rncl tire llrcils uill not mcct thc volunretric propenies rerluilecl rtnrl
cliscrLsscclir I)d(rntining li(Rrclaliut Zc,zr,1 ut thc t'ntl of tlris r'lrapler.
Segregllti(n is frot lr phcnonrcnon nc\\' k) the HxlA inclrrstn. It stltnecl ro
()c(Lrr 1ll()r( ctxnmonlr in tir( Lrtc l9r0s \\hcn H\lA nrixrLut's experiencecl :rn

liglre8.01kgregutcrl
Ikrt\lir \splialt
Parcrncnt
 incrclse in th(] l)cf(cnt ()l rllirtcriirl plrssirru tlrr l) 0-5 rrll (\r). lllo):ir'rc rrnrl ir c()rrfsl)()r(lin!
t L c c r c r t s ti n l t s p l r r r l t( ( ) n t ! l r t . l h ( Lrst o l s L L l q t ' l u r r :
l l o t t q r ' l r i n s i t t r t t ' r t s i ' r lt.l t l u t ! c ' s i t t l t l r t t t l s
( x ( l r r r e ( 1 .l r r r l t l L L r . l i i n gi n r r t e s c c l . \ t ' g l t ' g e t i o r r i s l t ' c e i r i n g r r i k I i t i o r r r L. rI t l ( ' n l i ( ) ni l l l l r i s l i l l t l i ) f
g<xlcllt'eslltl:\gt,tltit,slLt.crlt,tlletltlitlg.Lr1tlitillrlltl

l ) t \ r ' t l i e t l t S f e ( l L l l l c l l l l { t l t l L I t i l n ( ( ' \ ( ) ( ) t i r 't fl l l t l i ) f ( ) l ) ! l l \ { ( ) r l l r ' l l ( l l ' ( 1, ) r l ( ' \ l ) ( \ . 1 1 r \ r ' ( ) i( \ r ! ' \ \ 1 \ !

r l t ( ) i \ t L l r t :c l r r n t l t . g c r. . L rt l r r t g , . r t n t l l r r t n t t l r r r e L r : r r I ' i n g .

>>Typesof Segregation
'l'lrt
n l ( ) s l ( ( ) n l r r ( ) n t V p t ' s o i s t ' g | t ' g t r l i o nl r r c

. I i r t n c l o nsr P ( ) t s\ \ l r i ( l l ( ) ( ( u f i n f ( ' f l l t i l t ( l t t l \I I r f r)| rg I l ( )i l I l l r r ' f ( ) i l ( l \i\r \

o ( l l r c r l o n s l r r p c r i s P o l s r r t t l r t ' l r t ' g i r r n i n gr u r t lc r r r .oi l i n r r l i l o r r t l s
. ( i ( ) n t i n L r ( ) L lrosn g i t L r c l i n r t5l t l e i l l \ \ : l l c i l 1 i , . : r ' o rl r' o r l r s i t l e ' o l i l r t ' i r t n t '
. ( i c n t ( f ( ) l I ) l l \r ' r s t r ( i t k \

I i r r i l r t r p c ( ) f \ r g r ( ' g i l t i l ) n i : t l r t l t ' s L r l io i r r s p c r ' i f i i r L c t i ( ) li.nr n 1 i \ n g i u l ( l p l r t t i n g . . L r r r tl l r , - s t g

r c g l l t i ( ) n i s I ) r ( ) n c t o o ( ( L l f n t ( ) s t ( ) l l c l t l l 1 l - j \ t s l l l g ( ' s .i r s s l l r r r n l r c l o l . ( . . r r e l L roLl r s e n r t t i o n . t n i l
r r r n l l o l o f n r i x i n g l n t i p l l c i n ! o l l c l r r t i o n s t l r r l i n . qt h r - ' s t ss l a g c s c r L r r t ' t l L L r t ' o r e i r r t t i l t l t l cs e g t c g l L
( i ( ) n i n n r ( ) s le s p l l r l t n r i r c s l l r t c c o r r o n r i c b c n c f i t o f l t c l r - r c i r r go l r ' l i r r i r r . r t i n gs c . q r ! g i l t i ( ) nl r i l
l r c r : r rr c c o g n i z t ' t l t r n i r . t s r r l l \ . l r n r l l g c n c i e s t l t i t t s l ) ( ' ( i i V l r s p l r : r l lP : L r t ' r r t ' n t sl t r t ' i r t r r e l t s i n g l t
l\'rl.lir rl! l),,ri l" ( , r ' l f r l \ ( r ( i - .rl r , ' t .
.t

>> Segregation
froubleSpots
S c g r c g : r t i o nn l r v b c c r r r r s e cbl t r h c n r c t h o t i s r r s e c li n u g g l e g u t e l r e n c l l i r t g .l l r ' r ( i n n r i \ i n g . s l ( ) r
i n g . l L n s p o r t i n gl r n c l h r L n t l l i n gt h ( ' n r i \ . \ \ ' h ( ' r ( ' l r t o n c l i t i o r . ti s c l e : t t e t l t h r r r t l r r r r r s n o n l r t n c l o r t tc l i s
t r i l ) L r t i o no l - L I r c l g g l c g e L t s i z e s . \ i e r s o f r c s e l r t l r u r t c l o b s c n l t t i o r t h l n e s h o l n l l r i t l \ ( ' g r ( ' g -Ili () 1 1
r I | ( , \ l' ' l l ( r l ' , ( ( u r \ . r l t l r | . l , ' l l ,' r r i l t \ l i l i ( ' \

. t r l i x c l e s i g n( l t s a l r t c t o l i n s e g r e g l t i ( ) n I ) ( ) t e n t i l r l )
. A g g r c g x t e ) r a n c l l i n gl n c l s t o c k p i l i n g
. I I \ 1 A p l x n t p r o c l u c t i o n .s u c h t s u t t l t e :
A. Coltl bins: knrling urrcl icecling
[]. Hrx lrirrs
(1.I)nrrl rttircl oprrel ions
[). ] I()t ele\ irtof
I i . I r u g n r i l lI ) i n g l r l r s
l:. Surge uncl stonrge lrins
(i. l)iscllrrge s\ ster)rs
. ' l i L r c k i n . q ( ) p c f l l t i () n s
r l r e re l o p e r e l i o r r

Tlrele nrry lrc otlrel st:rgcs. lrrrt thesc flvc :lre the m()sl (1)mnr()n ancl cun reeclih. lrc cletr-ctetl
l r n c l c r r r r c t t e c i .\ \ o r n ( ) r i n r p r o p c r l r ' : r l r i n t a i n c r l m i x i n g e n c l p a r i n g e r 1 rr i l . r t t e ' r rat l s o l c r t c l sk ) p r o l ) -
Itnrs in hanclling ancl plucing thc ulix. A ttchniciurr crrn ljsrr:rllv i(lcnlifl segregxtion lLnclrlrr.rntr-
lrit1.rilltlil1lc.\tfilcti()I]lttlltlrsis''I.helcqr.rileclilsphllltc()ntcnttlfllllli-r
thc srrrflrct erelL of thr xggrcglitc - thc flner tire rnir. the lar.qcl tlre srrlf:rtc ;Lleu. ancl tlre glelttcl

()r:rr()r\rrxASprrAr-r
,naro,',rr\rr()N
F
 llnl()unt of ilsphlLlt require(i to coxt tht irggrcgxtt. 1'lris rellrrionship crrn cletc'trttine\\'hethtr tllc
-l
r n i - \ s e g r ( g i l t c ( l b e l i r l c o r l r l t c l n r i x i n g . h c r r h i l i t r t ( ) p i n p ( ) i n t t h e s c l u r c t o f t l t e s e g r e g l t t i o nr r i 1 1
n r i n i n r i z t l r o r l s o f r e v i r n u r r r k 1 o s o l v c t h r p r o l r l c r u . l ) e t r r i I t l t ' r l L l t l t t i o r t sc l o n c i n t h t l l l r o t a t r r
n arc rie-scrilrecl ir-rthe srcti()r-r.I)iItIx)itI||)1.q\(.!t-(',!(!|i|)|t.

||Segregation Potentialin MixDesign

( i ( ' I . t i r i n( h ; L r ' : r ( l ( ' l i s l i ( isl r t ] r ( r l r k t u p o l r r n r r r c l r s r g n c i l n j a ( r ' ( i l s t l i t c J x ) t c n t i : l lf c t t s e g r e g l t -
t i ( ) n i n t l i r ; r o c l r r c r r l I l \ 1 . \ . - f l r c s e r .h l r : L c t t l i s t i c : o i t l r t n r i r i l r ! ' l l r c r e 5 L r l to f I r i x t l e s i g n c r s l c l c t
i l t g t o t h t l e l r l i t i t s o f r r t o c l c r nh i g h n l r r t r l l l l i p ( ) r l i r t i ( ) r .Iln. c r e l s c c l t r L r c kt t e l - 1 i r l. t c l t v i e r l o l c l s e n c l
incrclrsccl tir( l)rcs\urcs hlrvt bRrrrght lll)out nri\ clesigns with lt tolrglrr't ilggrcg:ltt sktltl()11.
lhcsc tr>rrghcr llllA lni,\trlrcs lllxv bc srgfcgxtion Pronc. ln lrrklitii>n, t'nr iror.rttc-r'ttllres(fiLtiL)ns
( ) n t i r c ] n r ( ) L l n t( ) f f i n c s ( c l r r s t )t h a l n r a ' b e r e l e : r s c c i n t o l h e a t m o s p l r e l e I t a r e l c s L L l t c riln t t r i - r c s
\ i t l r e h i g h e r p c r c e n t x g c o f m : r t c | i u l p e s s i n g t l r e 0 . 0 - i 5 m m ( N ( ) . 2 0 0 ) s i c r e . T h i s . l e c r c x s e st l t e
'I'ltis
roicls in thc nrincllrl lrgglcglte (\'\lA). tht'r't'tirrr rc'clucing thc esphalt clcnLtt.tcl. rerlLtttton tn
e s p h r r l tl c c l r - r c c tsh c c o h c s i ( > no f t h c n r i r L u l e . a s l e l l l t s i t s r r o l k a b i l i n e r . r ccl l t r l l b i l i t t .

'Ihc
p ( ) t r n t i x l i i r l s e g r e g a t i o ni n I I i U A i s i n c r c a s t c l l t r ' :

. Lo\\'rr lrsphrrlt contcnts

.tl ( Nc>.2(X)) sitvc
. Highe r pcr( ('ntrLg('spitssing tlrc ().ori I't
. 'l'hc
use of llrger nrexinrLrnrsizc xggrcgxtes
. (,()irrser errci gap-gleclctl grtcletior.rs\\ ithin estrl)lishccl s1>ccilic:ttioIrsizcs

i A k r u c r ; L s p l l r l t ( ( ) n l e n t n l : r k e s t i r e r n i x p r o n r t c ) s e g r e g x t i ( ) n .r c g l r c i l t s s o f i t s g n t t l l t t k t t t .
L o s r t l t s p h l l t ( ( n t e n l s a l e o l i e n l l l c r c s u l t o f t r t ' i r r g l o u r h i e r e l o l r t n r c t r i c p r ( ) p e r t i c s .s t - t c h . r s , L i r
r r r i t l s . b t r ' ; r n i n g t h e l L s p l l x l t( ( ) n t c n t . A l o \ \ ' \ ' N , 1 4 i n t l r e a g g r e g l t t es t r l l ( t u r e 1 n ( l x l l i g h p c r c e n t
Irgr of nratclial plssing thc 0.0r5nlnr (\(). 200) sieve \ill lestrlt itt u Io$ lslthrtlr c()ntcnl. tnci

I (()r-lse(ILrcnIl\kiu cohcsion ()f thc nrixlLrre.

Voids
in Mineral vs.Asphalt
Aggregale Content

s
=
14

13

Ac(%)

\lL\lrrt
5{}i l\pr::rJ
l:inrrr

oI: tI.'I'II]X -\SPIIAI-1

SEGRI]GA]'Io\
<
 12.5 1S.0

Size(mm)Baised
Sieve to 0.45P0wer
'\l:t'i'lilil
t tli i't:l-l.rr':trlrri
l'rttl:'t t,l.ll:ltirl1r,ilJ\1I

: \ g o o r l r r r l l i o c l t o l n l r l t z c , l t r l j x i i t l c o l t c s i o n i s t o o l r s e r r r - s: l t e r c t l t e l t s l > l t l t lrl r r n t c n t t l t l l s
o r l t l r c \ ' \ l A c L l f \ e . l : ( ) r r l i i \ i n r L l n t c o l r c : i o n . r r , h i l c n l t i n t l t i n i n g e n t , l r r s i i tn r i r t L u t . 1 1 i e e s P l u r l t
t o n l c n t s h o r r l c ll r t ' s l i g l t t l i 1 o t l t c l c f t o i t l t r n t i n i n t r r r n\ , \ 1 . { i r r l u c .
F i g L r | t , S . 0 - i2l l r t s t | r t t c sr r l t P i r r r l V I I . , \ ( u r \ r . l l t c n t i n i n t l r n t \ ' \ 1 . \ t r r l L r r ,o ( ( L r r i l t . l . - I ) c r ( e n t
'lllc
l l s l ) l l r l l t( ( ) t t l t r r t ( \ ( i ) < l t s i g n A ( i s ] t ( ) r r l cri ] ( 1 1l r t ' r n o I ( t h r l l r o r r c l ] l r l f o l o n e l ) c l c c ] t 1t ) . ; ' ! , )
les: tltett tltr.'ltsltlltlt ( ( n . t l c n l c r) r ' r c ls) (i r t c l i n gl o l l r t ' r r i n i r r l r n r \ ' \ l A r r r l L r t , .l l r i s i s o n l r r r n r l e o 1
l l t L t t t t l r .r t r t c li l s l r o r t l i l l r c l r y r p l i t r l s i t h c o r r r n r o ns r r r s t , r r l i c r c r l r l L l r l i n g c a c l t l t i r t L r r r ' . I . i r l t t r L c n c e
] t e s s l x r t r r t l l t r t l t u i x l t t r r . ' sr r i t h e s ; r l r : r l (t \ ) n t ( n l s l r c i o l t l r i s r t r l L r el t r e l o ' , r i t t t o l t t , s i o r r t r n r l l r l e
J ) l ( n l e l ( ) s t g r c q l l t c . ( , o r t r r - ' r ' s r - l r . l t s l t l t eriul i r l r r r c s r r i t h l t c l t , s i g n , \ ( l t r l r o r t t l t c r r r l L r cc o r . r . c s l t r t n t l
i n g l o t l t t : r r l i r r i r r r L u\r t\ 1 , \ t r i l l b e o r t r r L s P h r r l t t cr lr n t l c : r n l e s L r l li n l r P l r r s t i cn t r x t t r l c l ) l ( ) n ( ' i ( ) t l t
l i n g i L l r ( 1s l r o r i r r e .
, \ r r ( ) J ) t i r l l L r r t : rl ) l r i l l t c o n t c r - l lL r s i n gt l r c s c g L r i c l e l i r r t s : r r r rFl i g L r l t E 0 2 u o L r l c l l x , l ) ( , f \ \ ( L , n + . 2
l u l c l t . - p ( ' r c c n l . I l o u c r e r ' . t l t r ' l ( ) \ \ ( l l i n t i l c I r e s n o l l r r t r t r l t , c , n o r r g l ta s l t l t a l t l o u i v c 1 ] t t n l i \ 1 t ( 1 e -
( l L t l l l e( 1 ) l l ( ' s i ( )llut r t l r l t r L r l t i l i n I l 1 l t t , r l t ' s i u nl i r \ ( ) i ( l : ,( s r r t l t l L s r . ( l ', ) i n ( l i ( l t t c s : r rlrt s l t l t t r lrt. O D l t , r t t
i r t ( ) r n e i l r + . 1 l ) c f ( c n 1 . l l l ( , l l i \ l u l ! s l l r L r l c ll r t r e c l t ' s i g n c cul 5 l l t g l l l i l t ( , t i i l ll r t l t l e s s l i r r c s .
'I
l t e c r t t r t i n l r i g t l r ( 8 ( l i s l l ( J \ \s i l t \ l ) l ( i l l f ( ' l i r l i ( ) n s l r i pl r c t r ,c, c n \ ' t r 1 : \ e n c l r r s l t h l l t t o r . l c l t t o f r r
n l i ' t t r t t c \ i 1 1 t : L l t i g l t l t c r c c n t r t u co l r t t a { e I i ; LPl l r s s i n gt h e o l ) - 5 r r r ( \ < l . - 1 0 0 1s i e r c ' l ' l t t ' l o \ \ I ) ! i n t
o f t l l c t L t t r t ' i s t h t ' c l i t i t l ] p o i n t o 1 t l r e r r i r t L r r t ' I h i s l l ( ) i r ) lj n ( l i ( l l l t s t l l c V l t l u c( ) 1 \ ( l t l t i l l ( J r l r l g c s
t l l ( s t l l t e o l t l t t ' n t i x t r t t t l r r r r r t ' l l t s t i ct o p l e s t i , : l r ( ) r n l l l - \ i n l L r n cl o l r t ' s i o r ro f t h c r t r i r t r r c silltrtrrt
t t t : t l i i t t ct l t c r t t i x t i | | c p l l s t i r t l r e e s p h l r l t c o ] . r l t n t s h o u l ( l b r - ,n t r r r t l t t n t e x i n t r r n ro 1 t l t e + . 2 t L . + , .-
l)cr( rnI r|lnge.
l l t s c r t t i x l t t t e sr r i t l t l t r t t e x i n r L t r n : l g g r r g x t rs i z c o f 5 0 t ( ) 1 5 r n r ( - 2t o i i n c l r c s ) : r r c s r t i n g
grelllcr Llst. Ir.reclclition. s()rl)e agcncics hrtvc incrcescrl thc nLr\inrulil sizc r>f surtuct' :rnci iDtcr
lllc(liltlc c()tlrses itr ttrdcr lo incrcltsc lcsisll[rce t() ftLtting. As llrr dittf|cncc ltclueen tllc ll.l\i-
llltllll ilncl lllilrillltllll size in a ntir increasr:s. thc tcndency k) segreg:ltr increltses. l,tr!l(' st{)ne
l . t i x ( . rl r r l l r ( i r r ) . l t u f r . 1 s 1 . sg 1g q . g . 1 1 iP, r1n, r 1 1 1
Anothct l:rotcrtrialcause rtl segregati.xr in IINIA clue lo its rnix clesigr.ris thc gracletion. Vrlren
arl xggregxte glrl(leti(n is near the c()xrse limit ()f its specifi('ati(.rn.or u,hen ir is gap-greclecl,the

()Frro'r'Nlrx
,o.r*,,.r^1r()\ AsprAL'
F
 Coa|se
Aggregale

FineAggregate

l ) ( ) { e n t i l t lf o r s t g r e g l t i t i n i s i n c r c l t s c c l .( l ( ) l r s e r i L g g r e g : r t cg r i l d l l t k ) n s l r r e o l t e n s o r r g l r l i l n ( l t l t c s r
s()lll('tilllcs result in geP greclecl rttixtLrres.t'igLLrciJ.0J sho\s lr gllp graclecl aggtcglrte gr:l(lxri()lt.
'l
he ltsc of rlggregatc blcncls n itlr cliverse specific glr\ itics ol- tlre rrrlrser lLncllincr llatcritls
ltlso intr()ciuces llte potcntirl lbr segrcgati<xr ()1 HNlA. Nli.\tLrresu'itlr tlris pr()pcrt\ tencl to scgr(-
gxte during ntixing :rntL hlnclling clrre to the (lifferences ir.ru.cight of thc puniclcs. 'l-ltis is lt.rlrie
ltlarlv truc if the coarsc aggregtte hes a higirc.r spccilic glrvitr'.

SEL]ITE(IAI]ON
OF IIOI.i\,IIXASPITAI,T
<
 Avoiding
Segrcgation
in Production
|| AggregateHandlingand$tockpiling
Stockpiling rggreglle pri()r t() usc alloss <irainrtge ()l \\lter liorn the xg.qrcgxtc t() titke pllce.
\\'itlr sLrch clrrinege. thc stor.kpilc lrggrcgxtr llr()istLrrc(()nter.rt:lppr()ilches u unifirrm clistlilrLttion.
rn(l c( )ntr()l of tlrling timc in thc HXIA plant is llciljtrrtctl. NI:rn) irgl-aregetcpllnts stockpilc l))
t[Lnrping fiour u truck:rnci pushing ilggrcgiltc piles \\'itll t|ack n,pc clozcls, rtrb]rer-tire clc>zers.or
frrrnt-cnrl lolrck:rs. So:rrc illc st()ckpilcd with stlcking ( olrvcy()rs tlLlt r()trte. A single cone skrck
pile coulcl result in tlrc highest varietion of graclatior.rdue k) segregrtkrn. Figrrre 8.(Ii illLrslrates
t l l c s e g r e g ; r l i ( ) nt l t l l o c c L r l si n t h i s t v p e o f s t o c k p i ) e .
S c g r t : g a t i o no c t L u s n i r h n r ( ) \ ' e n r c l l tl r n t l t h l t r g h v i l ) r x t i ( ) n .T h i s i s t h e c r t s t u h c n t l r l l s p , , r t i n g
lrillcri:rl on the prlnlut' c()nvc\'()l' bclt. ls thc fincr nrlltcrixl ntoves dounulircl to thr: lrtlt strr
fucc. FigLrrc 8.0i sho$s thilt prinrxr) c()nvc\'()r trl]jcctor) gcncnrtcs rr segregrting el-fect. As tirc
c()ltrscr l)ilrti(lcs erc tlrrust firrtlrer uwat fionr the lrcacl puller'. thc llncr plrrticles df()p ()ut cl()ser
t ( ) i t . A s t h c l r e i g l r t o l t l r e c o n e o f t l r e s u l g e p i l e i n c r e a s e s .t l l e c ( ) l r s c r p l r r t i c l c st c n c l k r r o l l e n c l
slirle ro the l)erinrcter ol the pi1e.
Scgregltk)n bcconres lll()re pr()r.l()unceclas the hciglrt ol l stockpilc lryrpr'oachrs its pexk.
Scl)xrxti()n ol-aggrcgate pxrli(les (iln (x(Lrr r.r'lren tlte rggregxtc lllls lr grclt (listlncc ff()nr lllc
(()nvev()r lo the stockpile. ancl clcgreclatkrn can trke place es tlre falling lggrcgltc strikes the
stockpile . ll()tll clur lrc mininrizccl bv kceping the stockpile at a lriglr lcr el or lrt the r-rscof
Iroom stackers that cen bc acljrrstccl\ crticall\" t() c()ntr(t rhe hcillht of flll. Anotlrcl n)etlrod ()l'
br.rilciin.qcxtrcmclv tlill stockpilcs \\'ith stetionrn conve\'()r:i is lrr. thc use ol-an aggrcgltte lltclclcr
rs slror.r'nin l;igLrre 11.05.llre lrclcler henclles segrcgation 1rv keeping the pr().lLrct hourr>gcncorLs
'l'hc
fir>m thc hclcl prrllct to the i)oint o1 stockpiling. rlnrvninck to using llre luclcler nrer. be in
:rn incrclsecl tenclencv to clcgllcle thc nrxterixl.
Stockpiles t ur.rbe lruilt pltperll,. u'illr nrirrinrrrr.nsegregxtk)n. by cncl-clumping thc eggrcg.ttc
lhrnr trucks to firrrl piles tl)rt rre (nl\' one laver deep. An exlmplc of this opcntion is shou n
in Figure 8.06.
Stockpilcs ol sir.rglc-sizelrections f(n intern.rediatc lnci srLrllrccrnixcs are less scnsitive to sc-g-
rcgxtior]:ln(l clcgraclation. Segregarri()nis rechr<ctl beclusc the nrlxi rLllI size is lcss lrncl tbe retio
of lurgel t() snrxller sizes is decreased. I)egratlati<xr has ireen reclucecl beceust of the inhcrenl
lrtncficietion thet hes occurrcrl ciuring thc pr()ccssing to rr smrilcr lrg.qrcgxfe size. llenei iciurit.rn
nrav bc clefinccl ils thc rcnr()\'rl ()r pll-tilll clcstluction ol clclctcliorrs mltrrixls nithin thc rtggre-
gxtc 1)afilclc.
A frr(ti(xrllting pLrnt is clesigneclto pr<x'icle seprrlrte aggrcgltc pilcs $ itlt a given pile hur''ir.rg
ncalll' cclual xllgrcgalc sizes. A liaction:lting plunt js one of thr l)cttcr pr'ocessing llternrtives tirr
controlling scgregeti()n. Illencling thc rlrious sizc lggrcgatrs together et the l()ad()ut p()inl in thc
hot rni.r rsphllt plunt rrrinirnizes tlre ef-fect of segregatkrn ancl helps k) xchicvc thc clesirccl prorl
Llct sl)ecificllti(n.ts.Toclut. rrrost (()n(ract(xs rrse firur ol rttore colcl leetl bins t() pr()\ide grciltcr
cllrltlitV control llt tlieir II\1A plants. Singlc size llggregutL's pror icle grcltter qurlit\ c()ntr(t l)ut
t c c l r . r i Lrcr o r c c o l c l l c c c l b i n s . I t i ' n , ' t L r n L i ' | l r r ' , n t , , \ L L L r l . t)( ) s i x ( ) r s c \ c l l c o L c lb j n s u s c r ] l I
s ( ) n r ec o n t r e c t ( ) r s .u n c l t h o s c w h o c l o . n o n r n l l r t r s e s i n g l c s i z c . r g g r c g . r r c rt , ' n r i n i r r i z r - s n , t k p i l e
clte(Is.
ln sunlnllr\'. tall coniclrl sk)ckl)ilcs ()i aggregates siror-rlclbc lrroirlccl bcclrrrsc c()llrscr pxrticles
lencl to roll cloun tlte sicics of thc piie. Stockpilcs rclnstrLr(1ecllx lavers or nlilterirl inclincs titlr
lcss th:tn J0 percenl slopes are prrtcrrccl. l.eclging tlre stotl<pile is rlso ur.t excellent wlv t() urini-
nrize scgrellation xt this stxgc. Constructing stockpiics on a harcl tounrlation prolicle's clr:rinege.
irelps to retlucc scgrcg:lti()n. ls l. e'll rrs c()ntlr.rir.lltion of the mincml lggrcgxtc. :rncl is consicl
rltcl srxrcl Drecticc

()Frror rrrxASpH,\r-l'
,,,a,n,r,;.\rr()\
F
 l:tllff )i !li, llirilrrti,rt:tlii.;ltil'lltir;rl'ilr

>>HMA PlantProduction
Cold Bins Chlrngt,s in aggr(,girt(' supplr' untl eclr-ripnrcnllccluilc tlrc klttlcl opt'mlot to ltc
'l
n t o r c c o t r s c i o r r so f e c l r r i p n r c n t( ) p e l l t i ( ) n . h c r r l r n n e r i n u l r i t l r t h c c c l t t i p n r e n tc n t ( r s t h c s t ( ) (k
pilc encl rperates ciln clLrse srgre.qxti(n in u stockpilc or in lt lolti ol ntrttt'tiltl. Thc loarler opcr'-
i L t ( ) rs l r ( ) L l l (llr e a l c l t l i r l l r o t h s c g r c g e t i o n e n t l r ' : u i a l t l e r t ) ( ) i s t L l r tco t r c l i t i o n s .
\lrrleli:rl phc ecl ir.r colcl bins ll lr kliriel .qenellLllr le n(ls t( ) li )rnr lr rrrr.ticltlshltpc. ancl crxu'sc
l g g l r g : t t e s c : u r s e l ) l l u t e l l t t h i s p o i n t b , , r o l l i n g c l o s n t l r t ' r r r n i t : L l s i c l e s .( ) r l t l t c i ) t l t c r i l t n r l . t l l c
nirtrrr(' of tlrt nteteliel cl r Onto the colcl ii'ccl bclt ellorrs rt,r't't:t'cotritr,q l() occlrf. Iitvcrsc (()n
i n r - :i s r r l r e r e r r r a l s e r r r a t c l i l i ll l l L s t o t h e n r i t k l l e o i t h t ' t o l c l l r i n . l t n t l i l c l n l c l t c l r o s c g r c g a t i r r nt , n
t l t e l t e l t r r n c lt l t l o t r g h t h e l r s p h l L l tp l l r n t . ( ) n c s o l L r l i o ni s t ( ) i l i l c t i ( ) n i r l et h c l t g g t c g a t t r r n ( ) t l l c r i 5 t ( )
k e t p t J t t b i n s t r s f i r l l l r n c l l t ' r ' c l r s p o s s i l r l e .\ t , t r L n o t h c rs o l L r t i o ni s t ( ) u t i l i z c s t l f l c l i t - r i n g l r o t -
tonrs. shich lrlkrn tor l nrolt r-rnifirrnrtrcrling oi thc colcl lLggregltteltll ltlong llte oltcnittg ot
t h e c o l c l l e e c l l ) i n . c l i n r i | r i l t i n gb | i c l g i n g i l \ l l ( ) L l r ( e( ) 1 - s c g l r g u t i o r r(.] o l c l l t i n s r t r e o i l e n c r l t r i p p c c l
uith u vilrmtorr rlericc to hclp proricle ir \clf-lrvelinll (flir(t.

,rol Srhs Ilirtch pllnt lr()t lrins rrrt, plor.rt r() srglcgxlc lx tltc screcning process tl thc tttincr;Ll
lrggrel]ate. Screcning ilcti(n Ii)rces (().lrs(r lrggr('gllc k) thc tlr siclc of tlte ltitt ltncl cleltt's e pro-
n o u r - t c r r il ) l l t t c n t . f f ( n l t i n c t r > c o u r s c . r l t t l l c i n l e l s ( r ( c D ; r s s h \ n i t t f i s u r c f j . 0 - T l t i \ P r l t t e r i r
'l
results lrotrr trro flrctors: ht $lrt in uhlclr tlrr llggfugiitr tk^r's rrcross lhc sctccn: ltntl llte tcrr-
clrnc y firl the llner rrrlrteri:rlto slirle rk;s n thc ncrr sit|: of thc bin. This prrccss. if ltii Ltnconect-
'li)
ccl. l'iLl allou sp()ttv scgregati()ll t() ()ccur. corrcct this. b:rflle plltes crttt bc instlrllttl ()n the l)in
uttlls to renrix nllrtelill ls it cntcrs the bins. F]en $itlt thc scrccning tlLrl tlte\ pcrfitrtu. l)iLtclr
plenl lrot lrins clo not firllt cc>lrcctscgrcgxti( )n fronr porx srockpiling or trrlcl lcetl oPcreti()tts.

()l II()'l\11\ISPIIALT
s|(;ltE(-;rfl()\
<
 /)
Massol f i n em a t e r i a l

Balfle minimizes
segregation

Drun Mixet 0penliOts In clrurn rrix phnls tlrerc lre no hot bins. Stockpilescrn lt consici
crccl tirr:ir cclrriveltnt.anrl thcrc is r.rochlnce of scgrcgatcclnratcriulrcmixing bcfi>rt the intr()
c l u t t i o n o f e s p l r a l tb i n c l e r .
Segleguti(m o c c t r l si n t i r e r l l L r r uc. s y r e c i l r l lrtv h t ' n s T a l t i n ga n r l s t o p l l i r r gp r ( ) ( l u ( 1 j ( ) n( l.u e t ( )
t h e ( ( ) l r s c n r l l r l i a l t 1 o r . r ' 1 tnhgr o r L g ht h c < i r u n rl t l s l i g h t l vt l r s t c rr i l t ( ' t h u n t l l e f i n r n r r t e r i x l
I T r x v r v c r .t h i s i a n b c e l l c ' , i a t c cl l ' u c l j L L s t i n tgh e s t : t r t i n ga n c ls t o P p i n gt i r r ( ' s o f t h c n r i r t e f i a l isn
thc colcl bins. Kickblck lligirts ol l clrrrr crn lre insLelleclin u cllurrrl() retrlr(ltlte llorr uncl thcre
j r l i n c r e e s et l t e r r t i x i n gL i r n e l.n u c l c l i t i o nt .h c m i x i n g l i n l e ( a n l r e i n c r c u s c cl lr t e x t e n c l i r . t igr c
l u s p h e llti n e f n r t l r e li n l o t l r c c l n r n ro r - b v c l c c r c : r s i ntgl r r c l r L r r sr l o p c . A n i n c r e e s ei n t l l c n r i r i n g
tillte increasestlie asplralt(\)xting ()f tire xggrcgetcancl tlrerebl tlre (()llcsion of tlre nri:i. This
reciuccsthc p()tentiullirr segregation.
N'llcn the rttix is clisclralgerlfrom tlre cLurn.the colrse lncl tlre fine pertitles lencl lo flou to
oppositt siclcsof tlic clischergechute. It this scgregetedmeteri:rlch'opscLircctl,,on r convc\'or
travcling c.rnthe linc ol the drunr. tlre mix rr ill rernuir.rseglegatecl(Figure iJ.0lJ)ell the \\'lv t() the
srirgc bin. Instullationof u fixeci pkxr' 1n the clrLrnr(|igr-rIe1J.09).o[ titheN.isr restriclingt]rc .lis-
chargc of thc mix to e srnallerereu lill clecreasethis segregxti()n.Als().setting the clnrgconvcl-
()r xt 90.Icllrccs to thc clru r clisclurge (Figu|e li.10) uill elirninrtt- or Lcdrrccsegregiltion.

'l
HotElevatot ypicelll'. esphalt mixes lre clisr:hargecl from the llixing unit ancl pllcecl in
surge or st()regebins in two u':r1's:clragslat ancl r'onveyol lrc1t.To pllce metcrial in tl)e storilge
i)in \\'ithout segregati()n.thc spccd of thesc s;'stcmsmtrst lrc balanced r,r,'ithor"rtputtonnagc. A
snrall amount of material on e last bclt u'ill segre'gatcu'hcn it tLlml)lesrs it trlr'cls up the hot
clcr.rtor, and $hcn it is placed. ()r (:rst. into the bin. Coersermaterixl \\'ill l)e cast to the far siclc
of thc clrop chutc or .nv other cleviceinstalleclto funnel rnlterial int() the l)in.

p ()Frr()Tlirx AspHAr.T'
,u,,t*0.;ATro)i
 t
lncreased
LJnitormity

\ | ( l l l l( l \ l l ( ) \ ( ) l l l ( ) l \ l l \ \ \ l ' j l l \ l . l
<
 lt t
/
Hotelevator ,./

,/
,/Tf\
K i c k b ap
c kl a t e

plates
._------ Kickback

T r u clko a d ewd i t hm u l l i p l e
dropa i ndt h e
s sd i s c u s s e
seclion on Truck Loading
andUnloading

r ' , , ; l , , , , , \)r\(( ) r ]: I 1 ) \r l I \ \ \ r ,rr. \ lr

F
 S o n t e s t o l l L g cs v s t c n r sl r l l ( ) \ \ r r t e t e r i u l( o l r t c o n l e v c c l i l g i l i n s l l \ e r ( i ( x l s i c l e s u l l a l l l r e c o n
'fltis (uuses
|e\rrt ttlcltsc point colrrsc ll.q.gregrrtclo bolrrrct blrck from tirc finc lrggrcgltt :rncl
y r t o t l L t c c sl c ( ) l r s c - t ( )I l n e s i c l c t h r ( ) u g h ( ) L rttl r t l r i r . r \ \ ' h e n c l r r n r p c r l .t h e n r i x b t c o m c s c ( ) l L r s eo n
o n e s i c l c o f t h t l r L r c k l r n c l f i n c o n l h ( ( ) t l t c r .r n c l r c s r . r l t si n ( 1 ) n t i n L r ( ) ussc g f c g x t i o n x l ( ) n g t l r r s i c l e
of e peling llrnt' lis sltos n in Ficufr l. I i.
S t o | l L g cl r i n s l r r e n o l r t t a l l r l e c l t l r | o u g l r t h e L r s eO f l l l ) l l 1 ( ] r e r c. l i s r r r s s r r l u t c r ' .u n c l t l L n l r c
l x p a s s c t l f o r c l i r c c t k x t c l i n u i l - f t ( l L l i r ( ( 1 .l n t h c s t i r . r s t r L n c.e ( g r ( g 1 r t i ( ) no f t l r e m i x t u r e l x p u s . i r r r t
l h ( ' s k ) n r g c i r i r . tj s r e r l r r i n i m r L l S c t r e g : l t i ( ) n( i ( ) r s ( ) ( ( L l r \ \ h t n l h e 1 ) \ 1 ) l r s iss l o c k r c l o f f l i n c l t l r c
I t t i x t l t r t n o r r c l t e n g t s r l i l c c r i o n t ( ) r n t ( ' r l l ) e l ) l L l ( h L ' rT. l r c i n s t r r l l u t i o no l k i c k b l r c k p l l r t c s . l s
sho\n in FigLrr-cii. 12. forccs thc rer])i\il.lg of coersr rrr.rcllir.rc ilggrtgiite r',ithin thc nrixtllrc I)n,,r'
l ( ) r - n t c l i n . ql h c l ) i r t ( l l e f T I l i s l c c h n i q u c i s n c l r f i I r l l t ' t r s c c lO n c l e t t c l t ( l u i p r n e n t . l r s n r o s l n c r r r r i t s
t x l i e t h i s n r ( ) \ ' c t l t c n ti n l ( ) x c c ( ) L r n ti n t h c i l c l c s i g n s .

Pugnill and Bin GalSs l)ist llLlgc g:rte oprnings on pLrgnrills :tre clittt rcn( frorn llrose ()n surge
iln(L st()r:rge lrins. IiLlr lr plrrnt pugmills clrptv lll thc urix in x singlc (lrop. l hcir grrtr s ()pcn Vcrl
uiclc anci ellos :L stnright clrop into thc truck. lltrcks usecl ir.rlxrtch plant openltions hx\c tni(li-
tionellv becn snr:lllcr rn(l hur c thcleiire limitecl the c()ning effe( t ir.rloacling. Bir.rclischerge gutes
thilt slicle open siorl lt' rrllol srmc clribblc e1-lectlt the ()p('ning :rncl closing m()alc. This is c()nr-
n r ( ) n t ( ) l ) ( ) t l l t l l c i ) l l ( l l e n c l c l r u n t n t i - \ p l l l n t s t l l l t u s c s L l t g e( ) f s t o r l l g e l ) i n s .
Se.,e rel getr moclels lrlc in rrse on strrge ancl storlge bins. Tlret vlrn fi)nl rc(txr.lgular to
rouncl. anrl cltn incluaLc-plxtes ltncl iraft'les. Gatcs llre r c()mnr()n spot xt \\'lri( lr segregxli(n.l
()ccurs. \LlnV xge nc\ spcciflcrtli(ns re(luire chnr ()r ()thcr iYpc ()f giltc opt'nirrgs f hat \\ ill r.rot
'lVpt
cluse segregxtion. Thet' t4ren both tlensvr:lsciv or loncitrrclinlrllv to tlre tnrck lrt'rl. of glte
r>;rcnir.tgrtt:tv bc seconclan k) bin (r)nfigll rllti()n in segrcgation control.

Surge and Stonge Sins Segrtg:rtion oficn occurs l.trcn mrteriel is pllccci ink) surgr frins ancl
st(xx8e l)ins. or "silos. A convc\'()r s\,stc r l)lllces thc nlix int() rr "blrtchcr. ol sinrillrr clischar.qc
s v s t e n . rA
. b a t t h c r i s r c o n t l r i n c L$ i t h g r t e s a t t l l e l x ) t t ( ) l l ) .\ h i c h s i t s : r b o r c t h c s i l ( ) i l n a l c a t c h c s
:tncl releuses nrrterixl in r>rrlcl to rcgullte the 1-lo$ of rnix into thc silo lnrl rc(lLrcc scgrcllllti()n.
Tirl)ing svstems ()n thcse Lrnits slrorLlclhc sct ir.r:rccorcllncc r.r'ith orrtprLt t()nn:l.qc t() kecp tirc mix
frr.rm [rlling strxight tl-rr()ughthc bxtchcr int() the si]() ln(l cuusing scgrcgati()n by coning. l'irr'
proper ()pereti()n. the nrix shoulcl be clischurgccl into lhc silo in smrll butclrcs.'lhc batchcr gate
shoLrlcllre ()penrtc(l in a prrlsuting nnnncL. ancl llrc butchcr shoukl ne r er l)c cornplctclv cmpt)'
clrrring opcnttirxr. For varieble proclrrction rrts. thr grrt tjnrcr slrorrltl lre aaljusteclxc('()rdingl\.
Anotlrr nrethocl of reclucinq scgreglltion in tlrt silos js ll thc usc ()f x r()txtin.q clis(llarge
chute llt the t()p of tlle silo. In the r()tlrting chrite lrnal pllltc svstc'rs, ()perxtion sPrccl (iepencls ()n
t()nnege ()rLtJ)Llt. ()perlting tlle (lcvicr sklrlr sill prcr'ent nratcriel fronr lrcing cxst t() tlre sides
of thr: silo lrncl clrtrsing ll rcverse tont cftect. nith Co:rrsenraterill on thc outsicle encl fine on
t h t i n s i c l c . ' l f r e x r t u t i n g c h r . r t el i u s g i l e n s : n t c ) t h e l ) a t c l r e r i n r r r o c l e r nI I N I A p l a n t s .
For-rrsilo varialrlrs q()\'crn tltr scnsitivit) of segrcgltion:

.l)ienleter
. Heiglrt
. Conc shape
. Clatc ()pcning t).pc

Eucli tlpe of silo urust bc opcretccl xppropriltclv to obtain cquxl rcsults. l)iumetcr ancl
heiglrt of tire cone shor-rlclbc xdcqu:lte t() pre\ent re\ crsc cone cflccts lrs nlix lel\cs thc unit.
Segrcgatkrn fiom these Lrnits clln bc t'oreclcrl 1.)r'a<lclingan()lher ('()ne ()r l)xt('her fi) lhe l)()tt()nr.
'l
his rcmixcs the nlxtcriel lrefirlt it is rclcasccl into tnrt ks.

sr,tcltl.t(lAlt()\
ot H()l l.llx,\sPfIALl
<
 There urc clif'tfltnt t|l]es ol silos uitlt r':r[ious sicle angles. gutc ()penings. rtntl intc| lo:tcling
r r n i t s .S o n r c ' i r r t n t ( ) r e e f f i c i t n t t l r l r r . (r ) t l l e r s . ' lh e i c l e l t lo p c n t t i n g t a n g c l i r t l t t ( ) s ls i l ( ) s i s l l t l l c c t t
2 - p c r r ' c n t : r n r l - 5 l t c l c e n t f t r l l . S c g r c g l L t i o nr l i l l i n c r e u s c l r e l o \ t h c J 5 l t c t c e r t l c l t p l t c i t l : t s t h t '
rrrix l:rllsbelorr tone lercl.

Discharge Systens \\'lten scgrcgetion ( x ( urs in rhc silo. :r corrc Lrnit plrtcc'cLon tlr(' l)()tt()ll ( )f
t l t t ' s i l o r . , i l l l t L o r l L r c cl r . : rc r s e c o n i n g l n r l r c n r i x t h c n l L ( c r i a l . i r t l t t l t l i t i o t t .l ) : l l l l c l ) l l l t t s ( x l l I ) ( '
'Ihis
i n s l e l l t c l O n t h c l ) ( ) l l ( ) l I o l t l t c s i k > t o k i r k c o u r - s cl g g f c g x l e l t r l c l i i r t t o ( l l c I l l i \ . trln Ile scttt
i n I i g L u e l " i l.l . I ) l e n t \ l o t l i l i t r t l t o n s t ( ) r \ \ ( ) i c l S c . q r9( 1 l it() l l .
l k { f ( ) f l r s l ( ) t r s l t l i l t l tl t l l L n t sl l l e : t r a t l l c r ( ( ) l l r l r ( ) n ( ) c c L l f r - e l r ( !l') r r \ e l t l i r t g s ( ' g f c . q i t l i ( ) il sl l t g l l t l t l
r r l l s ( ) n l ( ) l ( ) ( ) l \l l f ( ' t l ( ) f i l l i n g ] t . r l r s p h l L l tp l t r n t . \ \ ' i t h s o n r t ' r r i r t o r r e t o t r f i g L t [ t t i t r l . l ) ( l l c i i l s \ \ e l l
l t t ' r ' o t t c il l t e r r r s t o l t l l t t c ' 1 r < l f ti tl t r t l r c o l l t l t i r l r - ' llll l t o r - t g hi l l t t t ' l l s c c l l l l t r r - r l l t ' l l tl l i t '

ii Construction
nwiiing Segregation
DlTrucking LoadingandUnloading 'li.Ltt
IIll.\ ctut s(gr(.qill('ls i1 rs knclctl inlo llrrcks llonr eitltet pLtuntill ot :rtlge srslt'tlls. ks
t L t t , t r r L r t l lre l g e r ' l o c l l n . t r r t r lc : r r t ' s l r o r r l t ll r t t l t k c n c l t r i r t g l o l L r l i t t gt r t l ) f e \ ( ' t l l ( 1 ) l l i l l g ill t]l('lrll(k
l r , . , t l .I i r t l t p r r g r L n t l u l g e s \ s l ( , n r s e l t , i o r t t c t l lrt llrc slrnte lrxttling Ier'ottltt('lt(iiLti()1ls ill('rc
r l r o P s o f l l l L I ( ' l i l l l - l 1 1 ) n t . l r : t t k . r t r t t l ( ( ' r t l t f . i l s s l t o r r t t i t t l : i g r - r l eS . l . l .
s l t o r r l r l l r t , l L 1l ( , l L \ t l l l c e
I l t e n t l t O L r . q li tl i s r r u r | t ' l i r ( ( i ) n s L r r i l r g . l ) r ( ) l ) ( l ( r L r t i n { r r r t k l o r t t l i r t gc l l l l l ) ( ' ( \ t l t l l l e l \ illlll()r
tllr'ltl() 1lr('rlLt:tlitt t.rl I)il\(llt('rtt ltlotltttccl.
-l
ltr: lcngtlr o1 ..1opt' ol tr pilc ol li\11 is ol p:rllirtrler inll)()rllllr(('ultett cottsiclctitlg tttt,:l.
lolcling..\:ing1t,tlisilt;rlgc i n t o l l t r ' t r r r t l i l t ' n r l s I o p t o r i c l c 1 1 r r ' l o r t g t ' sst l o l l e : o i t ' t s l t i t l t t l l r . '
s f 1 ) l t ( , s( : l l - i s r l ) . t l l t ( . 1 ] t r ' r r r i x s l t o i r l t l c l i s t l l u g i ' t i r \ t lt('ilr tlrt lrlrll'ltr-'rril() llf()(ltrct ri s1:trl'irtg
1 , 1 1 , t. , tk t I l l l I l r ( ) l l t l t n r l s i L l t s . I l t c s c c r r n t l r l | o p I r | o t l r r r r ' s l ] r r ' s : t I r r r -,'- o t t r l i l i t t t - t ': t i t l l ( ' r e : l r ( ) l t l l ( '
t | r r t l i . l l t e t l t i r - t lr l | o P . i n i l t t t t l i t l t l L c .s l r o r r l c lo r c ' r l r r l r1 l l ( ' ( ( ) n i ( i r l s i t l e ' so l l l t c l i l \ t 1 \ \ ( ) . ' l l t i s l l r r r
c r . , c i r r r rr k r c s l t ( ) l c l i r r i n l l t r s ( g r ( 9 1 r t i ( ) n . l r L r l : l r l c l r r l s i 1 o r . t t l L n t l t t t i r t i t t t i z t ' s 1 l l ( c l l ( ' ( 1 .
'l
l r c n r c t l l r r ] L t s t , r ll o L r n l o l r c lt l t c l l t L r l t t L r c l i i r - i t o t l r r . ' l l L r t r I t o l t P c t t t l L r i t l \ ( ) ( ( ) r t l t i l ) L l t e l 1 ) i t
s(,gfcgltlion ltrolrlcrn. lrglLinlrl geltcritiing longcl slopes orct slticlt tltt' ltttiiles llltlv scl)rlrilt('
s i t l t i r t r l t c r l r r r r r l t i n g l o r r , : 1 \. l o s t p l o l r l r r r i s o l t h i s l i i n r l t l e r c l o l r i u r t t t s l o r r l r t r t i s i t t g l l l e r t L t t l i l x r l
s l t i l e c l L r l l t i n g . \ \ l t t n t l t c t l u ( k i s i n p l r r c e l o t l r t n r l : ro t - t t o l l t c r o : t ( l u r i r . t l t c l t t ' t l s l t o L t l c l l r c l l l l r '
liilll\ r,l(\ltc(l lrt'tirlr tlie tlLilglrtt is lr'lr:ustcl. Iltis pt'rttits lllc ltti\ l() ttiort itt Illtlss rillcl to llrxxl
lirc ltoltltcr. tltLls I)fc\en1i1ig the trlrlsc lggfcgrlt( flonr lallirtg,()Lrlfifsl:lrl(l (ilusirtg:Pott\ s('grt
g i l t i () l r l ) i r t l ( ' r ' n s .

>|Paver 0peration
l n e c l r l i t i o nt ( ) t l t ( ( ) p c n L t i o n sl l l o r r g l r t l r r l ) l i u l t l u t t l t l r t ' t t i r k l o l t c l i t t g .t l r e l t o s s i l l i l i t t o f s t g -
r t g : r t i ( ) n i n t h ( , p l l \ i l t g ( ) p c l l l t i o n e r t s t s . S c g l c g e t i r ) nt l l l r l i s i n l e n l l i t t c r t l c l L r tl t s r . t l t l l rl l t ' t t : l e t c t i t t l
t l r e t l l r c k s o r t l t t , l o a t l i n g l t r o c c c l t r r c C o n l i n r . r o t r s\ ( ' g r ( ' . qtliL() n i . i r t g t r t t n L l l r l x i l t t r i l l t l t ( ' c tl ( ) ( ) p c r
a t i o n s l r n c l n l i r t e | i a l l r e n r l l i n g o c c L r r f i t r gi n l l r t p r l \ c r \ n i ] r t c n t l i [ t t r t t t V l ) c ( ) l s e g r c . q x t i o nt h . L ti ]
l u n c \ c c p t i ( ) n ; r n c l s l r o l s L l l ) o n t h c r o l r t l ' l s u r - ro 1 - r c nt t ' x l t t t ' c d c h c r r o t t . l ) ( ) i t l t i l l g i t t ; l c l i r e t t i u t t
O1t;rOsilct() thltt l)eiltg yteVcd. is illusttetc(l 11lFigurt 8. l.l. In rt()st cllsts llle sllltcillg of tllt'se
ol)en texturc(l lrelrs is enrl of-lorrcl rrss<.lciatc(i. I)Lrr))ping th(' wings. thus sr:ncling c(xlrsct llrrleri:ll
to thc nticlclle ol rhc hoppcr', efirl rrrnrrir.rgthc perercln unci thctt troring ti;m rtlcl l:leiirrc tht:
Ixrl-rper is rc-tLrargeclcrn crelltc this tornt of segrcgatictn.

,,,,,*,r,'Afro:!ori lr()r lrrx Asr,HAL'r

F
 lmproper
Truck
Loading
S i n g lD
erop

Proper Loading
Truck
Drops
ThreeDifferent
123

,t.'t'rll'

I f t l r c l r o p p i ' r \ \ i l r q s . l r r : t l L r n r l r t ' c cl .r r l i : s l r o r r l c l ) e l i r l . ( ' r rr r l r t ' n c l t t t t t l t i t t gt l t r ' r t t ,; t t t c li l s l i ( ) l r l ( 1

o n l r l r t r L r n t , t r r t l t o l l t t , r . r -iti n - s c g r e g l t t tcl n l t t e t i l l i n L l r , -1 , - , ' t l c 'lrt l t ' r L .\ \ ' l t i l c t h i s r t l t t n ( ) 1( ( ) 1 1 )
l ) l ( , r ( , 1s\( ) l \ 1 ' t l r L ' p r o l r i ei . i t \ i l l g i \ e t l r t r r l r r s I r L L l e [ L r rl r n o P P O t l L t n i l1r ( )n l i l l g l c r r i l l l t t x r r c
l t o n t o g t , n r o t r : r r t r t t t r i . t l .t j t u s n r i l t j n r j / l r q l l r c s c g l e g , . r l r o nc f f t ' ( 1 . I ) L u l ) l ) i r l gt l t , . ' l i t t g s t t r t c lt r t t l t t i r l l l
l l i e l i o l t 1 r e tt l n l r c t i r r r ' r r . ' r ' l l u g i n gc r r L r s , .csl r c r l r n ( ) r \ \ i n g t \ l ) e s ( . q f c g x l i ( ) l l .( ) t t c t l l t t l ) i L \ ( ' t i s i t l
l-: lxr((lr1 or nrorr ol its caPacitvat ltll lirttcs. lltt' prtrct-
l l l ( ) t i ( ) l t .l l r ( ' l r o P P c r '. l r o r r l c l r u r r i r r t r r i n
s l r o L r l rni r i t l r t ' o l r c r r l r ' c ls l r c n t l t c ' n t i l t ( ' r i l il s l r t l o r r t l t c l r ( ) l ) l ) t l( l c ( l ' .

>> PaverSegregation
Arcas
l l o t l r c o n t i t r r r o r r sl r n r l l t ' 1 l t ' : r t r ' ct il r l r r s o l s c g r ( g l l l i o n c l t n l r c l i t t k c t l t ( ) t l r c I t l L \ t r l t n c l . i n p e r
i i c u l l l r , t ( ) i t s n t i t t c f i r r ll r l r n c l l i n gs r s t e n r . l h t r t ' l r r t ' s P t ' r ' i f i c l l r c i r s r c l ( ) s s l l r c I l l i L t\ \ l t c r c \ i s i l ) l r \ t : -
'l
rc.qlrti()nnIiV oc c rr'. lttsc .trc :lt thc:

( . c n t ( r s c r c \ \ ' c ( ) l r v e \ ( ) r{ l l u g c f ) s u l ) P ( ) r t
C)rLtsicleeclgcs of tlrc llight lccclcls (cllag c()n\ evors)
l-r-rdcrsiclcof thc ourlroarcl s( rc\\' convc\'or (xuger) sLlplx)l'ts
()Lrtcr c(lges of thc screerl

O}.HOTIIIX ASPHAUI
SI,](IRI](;ATION
<
 fisrnEl.t (,iurron-Shlpctl5r$'q'rtirtn
ontlu:fio:tdl:u

scgregateclstril) oticn
CentetSuew ConveyorSupport,ot CentelEeatBox A lor.rgitr.rclinal.
dcvtlops in tlrc ccnlel ol- tlt plrr crl lanc trncLcrtlle center scre\\ convc\'( )r sLtpport. l'his scgre
g a t i ( ) n i s n o t : r l w l t s V i s i l ) l c t t t h c t i n r e o f p a v i n g . l l o r c r e c r n t c l e v e l o p r t t e n t si n s c r c t r ' ( ( ) n \ c \ ( ) r
(llrLgcr) svstenrs lhat tan lre laisecl and krleleci hlrvc sltosn relsonlfrlc succcss in lrelping solvc
'fhis
the problcnt. neu approlch utilizcs il scpxriltc clrire nrotoL lncl cltst for the scren c()nvcv(tlr
c h i v c a n r l e l i r r r i n : r t e st l r e p : ' c r i o u s t r i l l n g u i l t r - s l l x p c ( cl l r i r e c l t s c . I n t h i s u a y . f e c c l e l c l i s c h l t r g ct l r r t
clirr:ctlv srlge fill thc cevitv uncler the scre\\ convr\'()r clrive cltsc. Sr-rcccssllLs rtlso lteen
:rchierccl ir.r climinlrting the srgfrgxtecl ercl llll sinrp)t, rxising the sctett convevors to ltlkl.
U n r c s t r i c t c ( iD l r l e r i a i f l o $ i n l ( ) l l r e ( e n t e r r r e : r . O n c c t l r e c r r i t r i s f i l l c r l . t h e r o l l c l i s t a n c e se t c
shortenecl ancl segregetiorr is rninir izecl. l)ut ()lcllLtor c.rrc n)Ust bc tltken to ensurc tltl]t il Pr()P
er scre\\' conve \'or cirambcr lcvrl is meintain,-'clltlu ec n tltrcklortrls to keep the clrvitv filled.

0utside Edges ol the Flight Feealers A ic$ rtrircs hrve slro$n u tenclcncl t() segregltc lrt thc
outsirlt rclgcs of tlre flight Ieeciers 1orthc s:llnc tnll clistancc r(:ls()ns its tllc (cnter stlpp()rt. Tllc
nrix rrruld also segrcglrtc li'onr flou ing arc>rrnrltlte cotncr lncl then beck under thc l)llvcr's tllllrr
1r'lrme.\lost ne\\' pitvrrs ule ccluippecl l iih rr blfllc to nrinimjze lllc llight ft'ctltr rrrnve\rrs ltltil-
ity t() cerry nruterial firnvercl ()n their retrLrn pxth. This lreflle hlrs ltlso bccn sttccessful in reclttc-
r n l . l l r ( r i ' l l , l i . r . r | lr,' . l r l l r . l rl ) ' ' i n l .
The nrost ilrp()rtxnt ilcti(xr t() rr:clute segregttion in thcsc lfclls is l() keep thc scrl]\\' c()nVcV
or clrlnrlrer lillecl to :r L.rel lt or llrorrt thc top of the con\ cvor shefi. Tlris fllls the c:tvitv :Lht'atl
of tlre t-liglrt fceclcls lr.rrl utinintizcs thr ()pp()ftunitv firr thc nretclilrl to ilo* tirrlltrcl lftcr ttttning
lllc c()rner.

()i,rr()'rrrx ,\sr)rAr-r'
,r,,-n,,,;ATroN
F
 Supports \. 1hr,Il\1.\ nlorcs olrtsrrr(lrrrirllr :rkng thc
Undetthe 0utboadSuew Conveyor
s ( r r \ \ ( o n \ e \ ( ) r ( . l L L g e)r. i t r e t c l t r : l l t t ' ( ) L r t l r r . f t i ! ( ) n \ ( ' \ ( ) f s L t P p o t t r t t t t l l l c l t t i l l g . l r l l i r l t c r t t l
t[rclrlr l r L ' i l i l l r a ( ' l o r - ( ) n l i | r L r r -l 'l r lr \ l ] t , . r r n r l l l r . r l I r , ) l l r 1 1. l l ( ) \ c r l l e r l (l ) l 1 ] l ( I l l i \ i s r t r l l i t l e t l l l r
I r r s l r i n g i t o L r t l : r l c l u s i r r g t l r r i n l l L r c n e c r ) i l l l e l . l . t i n l r o : r r c l' c r , - l l l i g l r t s t o t e t i o n .
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c l r l l i . l t s r ' : r 1 l r r i i l r l l r t ' n . r ' t i r L ' r , . ' ' L r :,:, t . r ! , , n l l ) l r . l 1 i ( ) no f i t ' s l l t l j . P r - ' c t lr t t t c l1 1 t cr' o l L t t t t t
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(;i\Ln tlt('litrancilrl inll)rl(t 1():ln ilgcr(\'\ nrlintcrLllr(c (()sts. tllts( g L r i c l t ' l i r - r clsL P l ) r () l ) r i r t l c i \
(.()nlinLr'1() l)(,\\ritt(11 ltncl inclLrilt,rlin c()nlril(t rloctttttcltts. ['nttoltlt ltntl tlltttttiitlt'c] ertltl|r.e
1 t ( , n 1 ( ) l s c g r e . q i l t i o n g L r i t l c l i r r , . ' s( : l n s u l ) s l r L n t i r l l l \ t l c c L t l L s t ' p l r t c c t t t t r t t o l t l c l L ' i t i r c I l \ 1 , \ 1 l : l r t '
n t e l t t s . S c g r c g r l l i o n i s t r c l t , i i , r ' l l l l r t t n l L r s t l X r r - ' r l L r r c r 1l o i t t c l c r t s t t l t c l i f c o l I I N I ' \ i ) r l \ c l l l c l l t s

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fooT 1 meter{m I 00 2 8 3 1 7
Iit€r1)
ToolP0Lrid lorce 'oLre (Il 13 5 5 8 1 8
footln nLrte . 0 l e l € f i s e c oi m nC rSi 0 00508
T00lrSeC0il0 nrelerlseco{rc 1m'sI. 0 3048
q a l o fl US q i r d l I
d e .m c t e ri a mi o f l e fi ) 3 /8 5 4 1 2
I ntelerlnt l 0 003785
a i em c c l e r , ' s c c (oCn rdn , so)r
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0 ao r r v a d d | c m e l errn e l e r( d mr n t) 0 1
l e f r m e t el rrm i 152i311
forsep0lref (€ectrcl k Or-ratt (kw) 0 716
fcf r t n t e t €( m
r mr 2 5I
tlclr Ceftrntelef lcm ) 6 4516
nch m rmeterlmm I 61516
f.h cenlmeter(c|r I 1638706
fcn,Secofd lreterisecold 1m,'sl 0 0251
nch0l mcrcur,y' t60?Fr pasciti lPal 331685
fcfrsecofd rn€ter,s€cond lnrrsI 0 0254
k r o q n m{ k q l tof tmelnc 0 001
k p 11000 lbfl k oneut0f(kN) 1148222
k p,rnch megapasc.l ([]TPa) . 6 89,1757
mrc iU.S.stallte) k Onreter 1km) I 609311
nie .. .. k o r n e l e( kr m ) . . 25B99BB
m e/nolT k lontel€ri lr0!r(km/hrl . . 1 609314
m nutelafq e) radan(rad) 0 00029089
olnce-ToTce nc!,.toll (N) 0.2780139
oLrnce-riass ljram(q) 2834952
0ufceJLlo I cenlmeter'(cn I 2957353
1 rter(l) 0 029521
p f t i U s .l q L r i d ) iter() .. 0!731765
pors€ (abs0 uteviscos ty) . . pascal second (Pa-s) .0 1
pound-force lNl 4118222 =
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poundJorce/loot' . .
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01129848
4788026
c'it
poundtorce/nch(psI k Opasca 6894757
tfl
tkPal l-
p0ilnd-mass.. kogfam(kq) .. 04535924 F
p 0 ! 0 n dm a s s / f o o t ' .... k l O g r a m , m e( tkeq.i ml . . .
Ll o q r a m m € l P Lr f . q . Im
.. ... 4.882428
1 60 1 8 4 6
D
p o l n dm a s s l f 0 o t '... .. J- -
I " a d q,,- n . ' o r( N l qn ) 0-0160'8
p0lllld-mass/lncn' ltt
k loqranr,ldec meter'{kg/dm') .. ..27.67990
1198264 et
p o L r rm
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psi .. kiopasca (kPa) . 6 894757 vit
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l0n-mass/yard' ... . k logrami meler'(kg/nr') ... .. 1186.5527
l-
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 kq/m' kg/dm' kg/m'/cm tb/tf lb/yd' lb/yd'/in
deplh depth
1600 1.6 16 100 2700 75
1700 1.7 17 U5 2835 79
I800 1.8 1B 110 2910 82
1900 1.9 19 115 JUa 86
2000 2.0 20 124 3240 90
2100 2.1 21 125 3375 94
2200 22 22 r30 3510 97
2300 23 23 135 3645 101
2440 24 24 140 3780 IUJ

2500 25 25 145 3915 109

2600 26 26 150 4050 112
c3 4185
160 4320 124

Bange Pavement
lorVarious Types
kqim kq/dm kg/m'/cm lb/ff lb/ydl lblyd'lin
Pavement
Type dePlh deplh
o p e nG r a d e d 18 5 0 - 2 2 5 01 . 8 52 . 2 5 18.5-225 1 r 5 - 1 4 0 3 1 0 5 - 3 7 8 08 6 , 1 0 5
Coarse Graded 2 1 0 02 4 0 0 2 . 1 0 - 2 . 4 02 1 0 2 4 0 1 3 0 - 1 5 0 3 5 1 0 - 4 0 5 09 7 1 1 2
D e n sG e raded 2 1 5 0 - 2 5 0 02 1 5 - 2 . 5 0 215-25.0 r 3 5 - 1 5 5 3 6 4 5 ' 4 1 8 5I 0 1 - 1 6
F i n eG r a d e d 2100-2440 2.10-2.40 21.0-24.0 1 3 01 5 0 3 5 1 0 - 4 0 5 09 7 1 1 2
SioneSheet 2100-2440 2.10-2.40 21.0-24.A r 3 0 - 1 5 0 3 5 1 0 - 4 0 5 09 7 1 1 2
SandShe€t 1 9 0 02 2 5 0 1 . 9 0 -225 19.0-22.5 r 2 0 - 1 4 0 3 2 4 0 - 3 / 8 09 0 ' 1 0 5
F neSheet 1 9 0 0 - 2 2 5 01 . 9 0 -225 19.0-22.5 1 2 0 - 1 4 0 3 2 4 0 - 3 7 8 09 0 - 1 0 5
l\,4xed n Placel\,4acadarn 1 7 5 0 - 2 1 5 01 7 5 - 2 1 5 17.5-21.5 1 1 0 - 1 3 5 2 9 7 03 6 4 5 8 2 - 1 0 1
l\4ixed- n-Place Dense
Graded 1752 0 1 5 0 1 7 52 . 1 5 17.5-21.5 11 01 3 5 2 9 7 0 - 3 6 4 58 21 0 1
l\,4ixed' n'Plac€SandAsphaI 1 6 0 0 - 2 0 0 01 6 0 - 2 . 0 0 1 6 . 0
2 00 I00-125 2704-3375 75-94

P r e l i m i n aErsyl i m a l i n g
kgim'lcm lblyd'lin
depth deplh
Note:
Because 0f thec0nsiderable variati0fs in specifc gravity 2 1. A 100
gradation. andOther character stics01mineral aggregales. 22.5 I05
\'/eight perunt v0 ume0t compacted aspha t pav€mert 23.5 I10
v a f i ecs0 n s i d e r a bElxya cwt e i g h tpse ru n i tv 0 l u m seh 0 u l b
de 225 105
detefnrined in thelaborat0ry fromsamples takentr0mthe 225 105
samemateflals as usedn thelield 2 10 100
2 10 100
200 95
20.0 95
18.0 95
 lllixDesignalion Size0l Aggregate
andN0minallllaximum
S i e v eS i z e 2i 0 t'r l9 0mm 12.5mm 9 . 5m m
tr i3 J I I i l 1 2i n). ( 3 i Bi n . l
T o l aPl e r c e nPta s s i n(gb yw e i q h l )
500mm(2 n) 10i
3 75 m m( 1 - 1 1n2) 9 0t o 1 0 0 100
2 5 . 0 m mf( ) 9 0t o l 0 0 t00
190mm ( 3 i 4r l 56to B0 9 0i o 1 0 0
1 25 m m( 1 , 2n ) 5 6 1 08 0 9 0t o 1 0 0 100
9.5mnr(3/Bn ) 56 to 80 9 0t o1 0 0
4 7 5 m ( N o1 ) 23to 53 2 9t o 5 9 35 to 65 14to 71 55to 85
2 . 3 6n r n(rN oB ) ' 1 51 04 1 1910 45 23 to 49 28to 58 32to 67
I 1 Br n r n t N o1 6 )
0 . 6 0m m( N o3 0 )
0.3m 0 m{ N o . 5 0 ) 4 t o1 6 5to17 5to19 51021 t-to 23
0.1m 5 m( N o1. 0 0 )
0 . 0 7m5 m( N o2. 0 0 ) ' ' 0to5 I to7 2tog 2io10 2 t o1 0
Asphall Cemert
!,/eghl percenl 4toll 3to8 3tog 4tol0 5 t o1 2
of Tolall\,4ixiu
re

p i n c r s r r d h r l r r p . s l f t ! n C . r n o l ! r . . l e l t r . f 1 r , h . : t . s l . d n , r L L 0 r d r n cr lrl r l , ' l . l h c T
d 8 9 . r r cl , l d h o r T ] l l
A g g r e g a t e : A h l u t l i n c l t n r : l l r r i i r l ( ) f n r i n c f i r l ( ( ) r l r l ) ( ) . i l j { ) rs L r r ' l rl t s s ; r n c l .g L r r r l .
s l l t g . r i l c r r r s l i e c sl t ( ) r - r cL. r s ( ' ( il n l ) 1 r \ ( ' l l t r ' l t ltl l ) | l i r . r l i ( ) l r . r ' i t l r t ' r ' l r r i t s c ' l to I f O r '
n i x i n u i r i tl r l r s p l l r l t
\pcs:
( l o a f s e A g g r e g a t e : \ g g l c g i l l ! r ' c l . r i n c t l, l l r t l r ( I . . 1 ,n l r 1\ ( ) t ) \ i L ' \ ( ' .
C o a r s e - G r a d e d A g g r € g a t e : ( ) n r ' l r - r i n g . r ! ( ) n t i i r u r ) ! r .g r . L t i i r t gr n s i z c s o i
p i l r l i ( l ( ' si f ( ) n r( ( ) l t f \ r ' l l t r ( ) u g ]fri n r ' \ \ i l ] r . r I r c r l o n r i n . L n . .I l ( ( ) : 1 l s (s i / ! s .
Dense-Graded Aglaregatc: \n rL,qgrtg.ll!,llliLl llxs il l)ilrlrr lr .i/e (listf il)u
E
't'
l i ( ) n s L l ( l rt l r i L t\ \ l r r ' l t i t i s t o n r J l r t t c c l .t l r c l e s r r l t r r t rgo i t l ' l r t i s t t n l l r t '
i l . q g f ( g i l l c l ) i r f t i L l c s .t r P I t s s t ' c l : 1 5i L l ) r f c ( n l l r g c ( ) f l ] l t t ( ) l . r L\ l ) i l ! ! ' ( ) ( ( l l l ) i ! ( l
l x l h c r n l r t c r i r r l l.r t - r c l l r t i r c l r s n i r r l i .
Fine Aggregate:
'lirut
l ) l r s s i r i gt l r c f . . J 6r r r r r r( \ ( ) . 8 ) s i r \ t
Finc-Gtaded Aggregate: ()nc harrr-rg rr (()lr1rr)LL()Lrs gr:tcling irt sizts ol
I ) l [ l i c l ( s I 1 1 ) n rc o a r s c t l t [ o r i g h l i r t c ' \ i t h l r p I e c l o r t t i n r t r t c oc l Iint sizes.
O p e n - G r a d c d A g g r e g a t e : ( ) n c r r r n t : r i n i n g l i t t l t o l n r i r r r i n t l r L lt i l l t r ' : r n c l i n
lrl
r r h i c l i t h e r o i c l s p a c c i n t l r c ( ( ) r r p u ( l c c l e g g l c g a t e e l e l c l a t i r e l r l : r l g e.
Well-Graded Aggfegate : .\ggregurc glrrcltrl t ith rcllti\ cl\ unrl()rrlr l)l() =
p o r l i ( ) n sf r o n r l l r ( ' r l l l \ i l l r L r r ]s i z c t l o \ \ n i o l i l l t r - \ ' i t l t t l r ( ' o l ) j ( ' ( t( ) l o l r t r r i r r
i n g r L nr r s p l l r l t m i x u i t h l r c o n t r o l l e c l \ ( ) i c l ( ( ) n 1 c n tl n r l h i g h s t r r h i l i t r .
Aggfegate Stofage Bins*: llins tlrat slorr llrr ri((c5silr\ ufgrL!.rt( \i,/L\
l r r r l t e ' c t l l l l e n r t o t l l e c l r \ e r i n s L l l ) s t i r | l t i r l l l \l i e s i l n l e l ) r - ( ) l ) ( ) l t i ( ) D s . r 5 . u !
l r . ' r l L t i r c i ln t h c l i n i s l r r - ' cr lt i x .
H'
A i r V o i d s : I r r P t V s l ) 1 l c ( si r r l r c o n r p r r c l c c rl n i x s L L r r ( ) u n ( l r (l l) \ ' l s P l r l r l t ( ( ) 1 l l r ( l
p x r l i ( l e s . r x 1 - r l t ' s s c cl Ll sl r P ( ' r ( ( ' n t l q ( l r r r o l t l l r t t ' o f l l r ( ' t ( ) l i L lr O r r p e c l t ' t l r t i r .
Asphalt*: .'\ rlurl< lrlos n to bllck ccnrtntiti()us lrllltcfilri in l lrich llrc plrclorri
n : l l i n 1 .(.( ) l r s l i t u ( ' l r l sl r r e l ) i l L l l l l e n sr r l i i c l t o c c l r r i r t r t l t t l r r t ( ) r l r r t ' o b l l r i n t ' t l i n
l ' \ ' l l r r l ( r l r r l ' | i , r , \ \ | l l . . \ . l r i r . , l t . . r ( " t l \ l i l t . ( ' l t l i t t r . t t r t t r ' - l ) f , i l \ ' , l l t , ' t r \" l l | | " \ l
( ru(lt Ptl f()lcl|llts.
Asphalt Binder: Asplrelt (cnirnl lllilt is rlussificrl a((ofcling to llrc Stln(lilr(l
S l ) c c i t i c r t i ( ) nI i r r -l ) e r l ir n r r r|rr r c ( i c l e c i: \ s p h a l t I l i n ( l e r . , \ . \ 5 l l - l ( ) I ) c s r g n r L t i o n
\ l l ) L I t c i m b c e i r h c l u n r n o c l i l i e ' col r r r r o c l i l i c ctlr s p l r e l tc r r l r n t . u s l o r r g l t s i t
urniplics l itli tlrt spct iliculior.rs.
ltt 'tt G':t
A s p h a l t C e m e n t s : r \ t l L r x r r l o l u n f l r L x r : cllr s p h r r l ts p c c i r r l l r 'p r t l l r l t r l l L st o lTr
( l L l l l l i t \ l L n ( l( o n s i s l e n ( \ ' f O r r l i l t ' r . 1t r s c i n t l r ( n l l t r r t r f l L r ' l L l l r ' ol L
f s P l L L lpl : r r t ' = -, ct
cti,
nIcnt5.
Asphzrlt Concrete: Scc Ikrt \lir Asplr:rlt.
ltt
=
# Ui,
D
ltt = F
A s p h a l t L e v e l i n g C o u t s e : A c o L r r s t o l h o t n r i x i l s l ) h l L l t( ) l L r n i l i ) n l ( ) r \ i l f i l l l ) l ( ' -
-
t h i c k n e s s l r s c c lr o c l i n r i r - ] i t l ti '| r ' t g r r l r r I i l i t ' si n t l r t ' , : O n l o r r Io l r t n e r i s t i n g s r r r f l t c c { g:t
eit G'
.rI
l t r i o l t o l t l a c i r r g t l r c \ L r l ) \ ( ' ( l u t l r l( ( ) L r f \ e . rl
Asphaltenes*:
-fhc
l r i g l r n r o l c c i r l r L rl r t i g l r l l rr r l l r r ' ; L l l r o nl l e r t i o r . rp l c i i l r i t : t t c c l G' c)
-, {
tronr rtsphtlt br lr rltsignlttctl lrer:rliinit nrrplrlllr solrcnt ltt lt sptcilir-rl solvr.'nt v'i, ltl
asplrrlt llLtio. { vi, -
Autornatic Cycling Control*: A (()lltl()l s\ st('nr irr rr lrich llrc opcning entl - ! =
c l o s i n s o 1 r h c l c i g h l t o l r p c l c l i s c l l L l g ( c l r t c . t l r t l r i l u r r r i n o u sc l i s t l u r l g c r r r L r c . ci,
!G u,
a n t l t l i c p u g r r r i l l d i s t l r e r g r g l l l r l r c r l ( t L l l t r ' ( ll r r n r c l r n s o f s t ' l f l l t l i n q n r c t l r : u t i - = =
c a l O I t l e r t r i r e i r r a r l r i n e - n w i l l t O t r t l t | \ i n t c n l l c ( l i l l l c n ] l r n t r ; r tl o n l | o l . l l r , . ' s t s ct
r c | D i n ( l u ( l e s p r e s c l l i n r i n g t l t v i c c s t O c ( ) n t r ( ) lt h e c l c s i r r : cpl c r i o c l s O f c l r t l L n t l -
\\'rl nri\ing ( \'clcs.
' \S I\l l)('linrlir)ns
A u t o m a t i c D r 1 - e r C o n t r o l * : \ s r s t t , n r l h i r t r r L r t ( ) n r i r l i ( i l l nl \l l r i n t l r i n \ l l r ( ' t e l l l l ) ( l l l t t l r ( ' l r l r L g g r c
gates clistllugccl llorr thc rlrrt'r'rrilltitt lr l)r(scl r-LIrgc.
Automatic Pr()porti()ning Contfol*: .\ s\ st('nr in \ hiclr l)r( )l)()rti()n5ol lltcr rtggtcgltt' ;Ltltl
I r s l t l I t l t 1 r ' t r c t i 0 ntsr t . t ' i o r t t r t l l l c t l l r t n r e t L r r (r ) 1g l l c \ ( ) f t : t l r t ' s . r r l t i c l t l t r e o l t t ' t t e t l l t t l t l t l o s t ' t l l l r
n l c . L n s( ) l s t l l e i t i n g r l l r , , : h l t l r i t t r(l) r ' ( , 1 ( , ( l r ( n l i n f i l l c l r i n ( ' r \ \ \ i 1 l t ( ) u tl l n \ ' i n t t f r l l ( ' ( l i l t e l l l l L l l t l i l l( ( ) l l
1 r ')(1 .
B a n k G r a v e l * : ( l [ L r C l l i r L r n c il D n r l t u r i l l t l t , P o s i t s .r r s L I r l l r i n l c I r r i r c t l \ i t ] r l i t t t r t i r l t e l . i i lsl L t ( l ) : t \
s t r n i lo r r l l r o r ' , . o t l r i t t t l i o r t st l t r ' r ' t o f i: n c l r r c i c gs L r r r . ' l hr ' 1 l L rg. t l t I c l ] \ ' s l t l t ( l . , . 1 l t r cgt r t l r t ' 1 t. t t t t l
s l r n c l r g | r r r c 1 ( 1 1 r (l r i t l r r ' s i n ( l i ( : r t c l l l r l t l r r t i r t P r ( ) P O t t i o n sO l t l t r - 'r t I L l r ' t i l L l i' n t l l ( ' l l l i \ l L l r e )
B : r s e C o u r s e : ' l l r c l r t r c I o l t t L t l c r i r t li n t n t ( ' ( l i i t l ( ' l \l l e t l t l t t l l t ] t e s L l r l i l c ( ( ) r i l l t ( ' ll l l e ( l i i l t c a ( ) t l f s ( ' l l
l l t l r \ l ) c ( ( ) n r p ( ) \ ( , c ol l c r r r s l t c t ls t ( ) n c .( f u l l ( ' ( i s l r r g .t l L t s l r c t l o r L l t ( f t t s l t t ( l g r l L r t ' l l t t t c ls l t r t t l .t t t o l
h o t n r i x l r s P l L r l t .t r P i t r L l l r r r i t h l r r . q t r s i z c i l g g f ( ' g i l l e
B a t c h P l a n t * : , \ n r u n r r l r t t r r r i n g l r t c i l i t i r r P | o r l L r t i n gr r s p l l l L l P t rriinu nri\lLlrrs tlrllt I)r'()l)()rli()tls
f h c i r g g r c g l l t ( ( ( ) l t s l i l L t r n l si l l t ( ) t l t e l l l i \ l r r s t ' i q l r e c l l r . t t c l r e sr t n r l l t t l t l s l t s l t l l t l t t t l t t t r i r t l l t l c i t l t t t '
\\ ( lg1il ()r \()lLlrtt('.
B i t u m e n * : . \ , .1 : L sos l l r l r r c l io l t l l r r k c o l o l t ' c l ( s o ] i c l .s c n t i s o l i c l .( ) r v i s c ( ) L l s () ( ' l r l t l t t i l i ( ) L l \s t l l )
SllLll(.ts'lllllllIlLltlrIlltIlrtftt.trtt'ttl't<ltll1lrlsctl1lI'irlci1lllll'
o l l l r i c l r l l 5 J ) h 1 l l tIsl l.f s .p i r ( h ( ' . r i r . r r ir s p h l L l t i r cl tsl t ' 1 r p i c : t l .
'l
B l a s t - F u r n a c e S l a g * : l t e n ( ) n n t c t l r l l i (p r o c l u tl . c o n s i s t i n g e s s c n t i l l l V o f s i l i c r t t c sr t r t t l r t l L t t t t i t>t ts i l i -
c l r l r s o t l i r ) t ( 'e r r c lo l o t h e r l ) l l s c s ,l l r l l i s c l c r t l o P c r l s i r r r r l t e n e o r r s l r\ \ i t h i t o n i n r L b l l t s t t t t t n e c c .
Bleeding of Flushing: l ltr ups lLrclnl()\ crrcr'lt Of lspltrtlt in ltlt :rsphltlt l)it\ crlleltt tesrtltit.tgit.t
'l
l l l t f o l . l l t i t l i ( ) no l l t l i l n i o f t r s P h t r l (t ) l r l l i r 5 u l l . l c ( . l r t ' r r r O s tc ( ) n t l l t o n ( l L L l s ci s I ( x ) l l t t l c l l l l s l ) l l x l t
i r t o r - i eo L r t t o r t o i t l r c p : r \ c l n c n t c ( ) L u - 5 c sr '.( s u l t i n g f l o r t i t o o r i c h i L p l i L n t r t t i x . l r r i r t t P t o p e t l \ c r t t t
s t f u c t ( ( l s c l l l ( ( ) i l t . l ( x ) l r t , l L r t t l t r i t t t c ( ) l l l l c k ( o ; l l . ( ) Ls ( ) l \ c n t t r t t n i n g l i s l l l L t l l t ( ) t l l e s L l l l l l c c .
I l l t r c l i n g o r I l r t s l r i n . qt t s t l L l l r ' o t < l t l s i n l l ( ) t \ \ ' ( r t t h ( ' r .
C l i n k e r . : ( i c n t r ' l r l l r t r t i r s t : t lo r p x r t l v I r L s c ( l r v p l o t l u c t o l t h e r r r r r l r t t s t i o n o f c t x t l . , \ l s o i t t c l l r t l t ' s
l e r : r u r t c l l ) ( ) r t L l n ( lt t n r t n t r l i n k e t r t t t c lp r t r t l r l i t r i f i e c l s l l t g i l t t ( l l t r i ( k .
C o a l T a r * : . \ c l e r k l r l . O u r .tt( ) l ) l l t c k c c n r ( ' n ( i l i ( ) L lns r l r t ( r i u l p r o c l r r t r c l l r r r h c t l t s l t L t c t i r e ( l i s t i l l l i t i o t t
o f l r i t L r n r i n o t r cs o l r l .
'I-hc
Compaction: lrcr of contplessing e gir cn r olrrnrc ol rnrtlcriltLinto :r stttallcl r olr-ttttt'.
I n s r r l l - i t i e - nct() n t l ) l ct ti ( ) l l O f t l r r l L s p l r r r lll) i r \e r e n t c ( ) u r s e sn l : l \ t c c c l c n L l c t l l e o n s c t ( ) f P x \ c l t l ( l l t
( l i s t r c s s t s( ) l \ l r r i ( ) L r ts\ l ) c s .
Consensus Propcrties: -\ll!-{reglltcchtrIrLtt t'r'istics thlrt lLr'<'cliticel to \c)l pctfornting h()t ltrl\
l t s p h ; r l t .r c g r t l . l l t s s O l t h c l g g r c g l r t r s o r [ r ' e . l r n c ] r r h o s t ' l i n r i l i r . r g\ i r l u c s l r r e s t l l ) \ ' t l l e S I I P ( ' r P r t \ e
s p e ( i ti ( i l t i ( ) n .
'l1re 'I'llc
Consistency: clcglcc ol lluiclitr ol ls;lhlrlr (cnienl .lt ln| l)!lr'1i(Lllilrt(lttper:ttLlrt. c()n
sistcnc\ of tsplllLll tcrnent \ltries \\'ith its trmperiLlLrre; thcrck)rc. il is r.ttcesslll"' t() tlse lt colll
l.non or stilnalllr(l tclltptlrtufc l lrcn <rnrplling th(' ( onsistenc\' of ()nt xsl)llillt celltent \\ itll
Irn()tllcr.
Corrugations (Wa-shboarding) and Shoving:'l |pcs ol pil\cnrrnt (list()fii()n. (l()rrug]ti(n.t i\ .l
t i r r l t < t f p l a s L i r ' n l ( ) \ c n t r l t t t v p i f i c c l b v r i p p l c s e c l o s s t l r t ' a s p l r e l t p x \ c n r e n t s t t r f u c c .S l t o v i t t g i r - r
i i r l . n t o f p l a s t i c l ( ) \ ( n r c n I r ( ' s l r l t i n g i l r l o c u ] i z t c l b L r l g i n go f t l l r l ) i l \ ( n l ( ' n t s u r f u c c . T h c s c c l i s t o r
t i ( ) i t s u s u i l l i \ ' ( ) c ( u r i l l i l ; r o i n t s l h e r e t l l l l l c s t i l r t sl n r l s t o p s . ( ) n I l i l l s \ \ l l c r e r c l t i c l e s b l t k c o l . l
t h c c l o . ' . , n g l r r L co. n s h l r p ( L r n e s . ( ) t ' l h c r e v r h i c l c s l r i t l t b L L n r p1 l n ( l l ) ( ) L r n c et l p l l l t ( l ( l ( ) \ \ n . T I t c \ '
{ x ( u r i n l t s l ) h : t l tl l } r : r s t l r a t l e c k s t a l r i l i t r . L l r c k o f s t r r l r i l i t v r t l t v b c c l r . t s t c ll ) \ l l I l l i - \ t r l r cl h e t i s t o o
l i c l r i n l r s l t l l r l t . l l r s t c x r l r i g l r r p r ( ) p ( ) r t i ( ) n( ) l I i n c i r l - a ! a r e g x tl el t .s c o a t s i . ' ( ) r f i r t e r l g g r e g l l t el l t x t i 5
t(x) rounal ( ) L too sll()()th. o l l l t s esplielt c e r l l e n t t h l l t i s t r r r s o ll. It nln':tlso irc clut to ctcctrire
nr()istLrrctr.tcl ol corttlur inllti()n (luc to oi1 spillrtge.
C f a c k s : { l r e i l l ' s i r t t l r e s r r | t l r r - co l : L n r r s p l r . r l tI r i l \ ( , n r i , n 1l l r c r o o r n i o | r t \ l ) c s i l r c :
d l i g a t o r C r a c k s : I n t t ' r ' c o nn c ( t c ( l ( r i r ( l i ' l o I D r r n g r Ls r [ i c s o l s r r r a l ll r l o t k s r e s c r t t l r l i n gl t n r t l l i
! i t t o r ' s s k i r t o r c l t i c k c n u i t t ' r t n r l t . r L r ' e t l r r c \ t ( ' \ ' i \ c r l c l l t ' r t i o no f l l r t s L t t t l L t t ' o r t ' Lt t n s l r t l r l c
s t t l r g r e c l to t l o u t r t o r r r . t s o i t l t r , l r r r r r - . n t r . n t
E d g e J o i n t C r a c k s : l l r e \ e l ) . r r ; l l r ( ) nL r i t h c 1 o ; n tl . r ' t r rt ' , . ' r rl l r e p : n e r r r c n t a n r l t l r e s l r o u l c l c r .
( ( ) n r l ( ) n l v r l t t s t c l h r t l t r ' . r l l r ' r ' n r r t r ' \ \ ( ' t t l n g . l l, r: (l l r i n , Jl r t ' n r ' . r l lt r] r c s l t o L t k l e sr L u l : l c e(.) t h c f
( i l u s c s r L r ( ' s h ( ) L t l t l c\re l t i e n l r n l . n r i t s l r I r n k r r g r . : L n r tl r Lrr k ' : t | l r ci c l i n g t l ) c j () i n 1 .
I-ane Joint Cracks: l-or-rgitrr(ll nlLl \cpirriltiolls rLlon.qtlr,.' ('ilnr ll('l\\'('('n trr o ltltr ir-tglltrres
c t t t s t ' t l l r t l L l t ' l k s t l r t t b c t r r e c r t l r c l j o i n i n . qs p l c r t c i si r r l l r c t o L r r s c so l t l t c p l t r c n t c n t .

Reflection Cracks: Cl:tcks rn ltspltelt o|t:rlevs llriLt f('flc( f tlr('(ril(li prLttrrn in 1he l)rl\enient
-l'hct
s t n r c t L l r cu n c l c l r t c : r 1 h . a l e c a r r s e c l x v e n i ( x l ( ) r l r ( ) f i z ( x r t l r nl r ( ) \ ' c n l e n l si n t l r e p l i r e r r r e n t
l)cnrlrtlr thc ovclllr,, lrncLl>rouglrr orr lrr cxpansior.r rr.rclt tinllrr liorr l ith tcnrPcr':rtule or
n r () l s t L lcl c i t x n g c s .
Shrinkage Cracks: lr-rtcrrrrn necl crl t r;rcks forrring lr stlit's of llrrgt blrr ks. LrsrlLllvl illr
s f l r t l r c o r n c r s o r l u r g l c s . F r c ( l u e n l l v l l l e v x r r ( x u s c c l l r r , r r r l r r n r e t l l L n g e i r . tc ' i l l r e rt l l c x s l ) l ) l L l t
r t t i x o r i r r t l r t l ) r L s co t s r r b g l r c l t .
Slippage Cracks: (lrstcnt shll)c(l crlcks tllilt llrc ()lxr) in th( (lirccti()n ol the th|rrst rtt
u l t e c l s o n ( l l e p : r l r n r c l l t s u r f i l c c . T h e v l c s u l t r r h c n . l s c v e r c o r r c p e x t c ( l s h c l r Ls t L c s s e sl r L c
. r p p l i e ( l l ( ) t l r t ' s L I i r c t ' r n r l t h c l c i s : r i l r c k o l g o o c l l x r n c l l ) e t \ \ e e n t h e s L r r l l r c cl l r r c r l r n c l t i r e
c O l r l s e l r c n e : r l(r .
'l
Cmsher-Run*: lre totlrl LrrrscLccnecL prorluct o1 a slonc crushcl.
Cutback Asphalt: .\splrelt cenrenl s hich hes bcen liclr.rcficrlbr,' lrlcrrclinq s itlr u prtrolcunr sol
v e n t ( l l l s ( ) c a l l c c l : t c l i l u c r . t t )t.o f i r l n r o r r r ' o f I l r c t i r l l o u i n g c l l l l ) l l ( k r s p ] r r l t s . [ - p o r r c x y . r o s r r ct < r
iltln( )sl)lleric conclitions Llre clilrrents evll)()nltr. lelrving thc lLsphlrlt ccmrnt to pcrfirrm its tirnc
ti(nl.
Rapid-Curing (RC) Asphalt: (iLrtbrrck rsphult corrrposerl of rrsphrLltccnrcnl rLntl r n.rplrtlre
o ; - g r s o l i n c - t yp c t l i l u c r . r to l - I r i g l r v o l a t i l i t i .
Medium-Curing (MC) Asphalt: Otrtb:rck esphalt corrrposecl ol usphult ccnent ln(l :l
kcrosene tvpe (lilucnl of ntcrlirrut \,oliltilit).
Slow-Curing (SC) Asphalt: (iutbuck rsphult conrposetl ol as;rhult ccrnent iln(i oils of lol
r olltililr'.
R o a d O i l : A h t a v t p c t r o l e u r n o i l . u s u u l l v s i r l i l l L rt o o n e o i t l r c s k r l c u l i n g ( S ( i ) g r l c l c s .
Delivery Tolerances*: I)ctnrissilrlc ruriutions flon tlit' ('\:l(l (lcsirc(l pr()lx)lti()ns ()l :lilgrcgiltc
r t n t l b i t u r t t i r . t o L rnsr r l ( ' r i l l l i r s r l t ' l i r e r c c l i n t o t l t r p r r u r r r i l l .
D e n s i t y : ' l h c c l e g r c e o l - s o l i c l i t , ,t l r l r t a l n l ) r r r c l l i r \ c ( l i n l g i l r - ' n n r i x l r r r r . s l r i c l r r r i l l l r c l i r n i t c t l
onlt lx the krtlti tlinrir.ntior.o t f roirls lrtTlccr't pilfii(l('s in the nruss.
'I ()l
Densification: he x(t iriclruslng the (lensit\ ofu nrirtult cluling thc conlpxcti()n pr()cess.
Distoftion: Anr ch:tngr ()f tlr(' pllVcnlcnt srlrf:lcc fi1)nr its original slLrpt.
Dfum Mix Plant: -\ rnanuf:rctuling fucilitt for proclucing es;rhllt Plving nrixtllrrs llLrL pro;ror
ti()ns the ilggregltc. then (lrics ltr.ttl rnixes thc eggfcgltr \\itll rL pr()p() i()nrrl rtnl()Llr-ltri1 rtsphllt in
t h c s i l n l c c l r u l n r \. l t r i i r t i ( ) n so f t h i s n p c ( ) l p l l n t u s c s c r c r l r l t t i r c s r > i c l f t r n rm o r l i l i c : l t i o l r s ,s c l ) l r r l r T c
( e n t l s n r l l l c r ) n r i - \ i n g c l l a l n l s .a n ( ] c ( ) x l i n g L [ r i t s ( ( ( ) i l l e r ) i o e c r ' o n r p l i s l rt l ] c n ] i \ i n g p r ( ) ( c s s .
Dryet*: An ilpplrflrtLrslllxt \\ ill dn thr ]gcfrglrtcs lrncl hcet thcrr to thc speciiictl terr pcrirtrrres.
D u c t i l i t y : ' l ' h e u i r i l j t i ( ) 1r s u l ) s t x n c et o l r e t l n r l n o u t o r s t r c t c h c c it l r 1 r r \. \ ' l r i l e r l u c t i l i t t i s t r r n s i c l
c r c t l : r n c li l n p ( ) r t x n t ( I r l r l ( l r r i s t i ( o f r L s p h l l tc c n l c l r t s i l r D r l n \ ' l l p p l i ( l l t i ( ) n s . l l r c p r c s ( ' n ( c ( ) r '
:tbscncc ol cluclililv is usLlLlll consiclcrccl nrorc signiflcilnt th:rt thc uctuul (lrllrcc of r[Lctilitt'.
Durability: Tlrc ltlope v o1 un usphelt puving rnirture that represents its ul)ilitv to rcsisl clisintr:-
g r : r l i ( ) nl ) ) l c u t h c r i r . r g: r n c l t n l l i c . I n c l r r c l e cul n c l c l s c l r t l r t ' r i n g a l e c l t e n g c s i l t t l t c t l t a l a c t e r i s t i sr
ol tltc lrspllrlt. sLrch rs oxiclllion lrr.rclr ollrtiliz:rtion. lncl clllrrtges in tllc pilvcnrent lnci ltggregatc
rluc to tlrc lrction ot rleter. inclutling frcczing lncl lllll\\ ing.
Emulsified Asphalt: A i Onrbinrttior.rOf :Lsphalt (crnrnt. \\'lltcr enti lr snrell ]1lr()Llnt of lLn etrtulsi-
t , r ' i n gl r g c n t . I t i s e l r c l eI o g en c ( ) L l ss \ s t c l I ( c ( ) n t : l i n i r - l lg\ r r n o m l l t l l r , i n r n t i s c i l t l cs u l t s t l t l t o L t p s ltlts-
c s i l t s l ) l t l r l ti r n ( l \ \ ' r r l ( ' r ) .i n l h i c h t h e \ \ ' l l t c r f i > m r s t h e c ( ) n t i n L r ( ) L pr sh r t s t o l l l l e e t t t r - t l s i o n . : t n c l
ntitrr.rtcglollrlrs of asphult lil'rn the (lisc()ntin u()rrs plltsr'. Enritlsificcl rsplralt rtlt\ bc citht:r
a n i o n j t - e l c i t r r n c g : r t i r e l r c h l r g e c l l r s p l l L l t g l o l r t r l c s - ( r - c l l t i ( ) n i ( t ' l e c t l o l - l r t s i t i v t l lc' h e r g c c l
rrsphrrlt globLrlts rlt'penclir.tgLrp(n tlrL' tnrtLlsifving xgerlt.
Emulsified Asphalt Mix (Cold Mix): -,\ rnirturc of crrrrlsifiecl :rsphrlt uncl xg.qrc-gxtel)r()(lLr(c(l
i n ] c c n t l l l p l a n t ( p l l n t n r i x ) o l . n r i x c t l e t l l r e r o l t c is i t t ( n t i x e c li n - P l l t c t ) .
Fatigue Resistance: l-lre rrlrililv ol-esphull qlrrcnrcnl t() \\'ithstxn(l slight lcpt:tlerl llexing. ot'
l r e r r c l i n g .c u l r s c c lb v t h c p r s s r g e o f u l r t c l l o ; r r l s .A s : r n r l c . t h t l r i g l r e r t l r c i l s p h l l t ( o r . r l e n t .t h t
grertcr thc illtigrLCrcsistxncc.
F l e x i b i l i t y : ' l h t ' : r b i l i n o f l l r r r r s p l r e l lp i l \ c n ) e n t s t r u c t u r r l ( ) ( r ) n l ( ) r n l t ( ) s c t t l c l l c n l o f t l r c l o t r n c l r t
t i ( ) n . C l c n r r x l l \ ' . f l e x i l r i l i t r r i l t l r t u s 1 > h u 1ptu r i n g n r i x l r r r c i s e n h u n c t c l l l l t i g l t e s l t l l t l t c o t t t t ' t r t .
'llrt'
Full-Depth Asphalt Pavcment: Thc tcrnr F'ull l)e'ptlr (rcgistercrl lrr .\splrelt lnstitr.rtc\\'rtlr
t h c t . S . I ) l l t c n t O f f i c t ) c t r t i l i e ' sl l r e l t l r c p r r r e n r c n t i s ( ) n e i n $ l r i c ' h u s P h u l l n t i r t t l l e s e r e
crnplovt'tl for rrll c oLuses :rlror t: tlte plcpr:rcrl srtbgrtclc.
Gtade Depressions: Locllizecl lol ulels ()l linlitc(l size. rvltich nr.l\ or lluv Ir()l l)e xc((ntll)it
n i et l l ) r t l L c k i n l r .
Hot Aggregate Storage Bins*: llins thlrt st()r(' htetc(l :urcl scplrftrt(l irggregxtes plior tO lhctt'
iinrrl pro1-ror-tioningint() the uri\cr.
Hot MLr Asphalt (Asphalt Concrete): tligh clLrrrlitr'.tltoloughlr .(nrtrollc(l Itol rttixtrtlc ol-
r r s p l r r l t l r i n r l c r ( ( e n l e n t ) u n t l u c l l - g n r c l c r l . h i g h r l L r r r l i t li r g g r c g i l t c .u h i c h t r L t -lrr e l l t t i r r r t g h l t c o t t r
p u c l c c l i n t o e u n i l i r r r t r l vr l c r t s er t l t s s .
Impermeability: l'hc resistlrnct lrn 1lspiLrll piL|tnlenl hus to Thr.'P:tssege ()1 rLir ltntl wltlcr tnttr
or Ihrorrqh thc Dlrlr-'nrtnt.
L i f t : - \ l l [ ' c r ' ( ) r c o r l r s c o f p e v i r r u r r r u t e l i l t l: t p p l i c c l t ( ) l l l ) l l s ( ' o t t p t e r i o t t s l r L v c r .
Mesh*: Ihc s(luirrc ()l)('nin.q of rt sit'r't.
'lhc
Mineral Dust: l)orlion of the fine ugglc.qulc l)iLssingtjrc 0.0-5 nrrn (\o. 200) sicvc.
M i n c r a l F i l l e r : A f i n t l t c l i v i r l e t ln r i n t ' r ; r lp l o t l r r c t . x t l e l l s t r ( ) p e f ( c n 1 ( ) f l l r i c l t u i l l P r l s si r 0 . 0 - 5
n l l ( N o . 2 0 0 ) s i c v c . I ' u l v er i z c d l j n r r s t o r i c i s l l r c n r o s t c o r l r r r o n l v n l u r r l r L c t r - r r c cl ill l c r . l L l t l r o t r g l r
( ) t l r e r s t ( ) n c t l L r s t .l r | t l l r t t : t l l i t : . p o r l l a n c l ( r r 1 r c n t . l t n ( l c e | t l i n n u l r [ a l c l c P o s i t so l f i n c l r ' t ] i r i c l e c l
nrincr:ll rrltlcr ale elso trst'cl.
Natural (Native) Asphalt: Asphrrlt Occurring in nxturc. rr hi< h h:rs becn tlcriVcrl flont perrttltunt
l r ' o ( r s s r - so f c r u p o l - i t l i o no l r O ] u t i l e1 r - l r J i o n sl.c e r i n g t h c : t s p h l t l t f f t t c t i o D s .T I i e
t h 1 ( ) r . l q lnl t L t r r r x p
n u t i v e l r s p h i r l t( ) i n r ( ) s t i n r p ( ) r l : u r c t ' i sf i r u n r l i r . rt l r e ' l i - i n i c l l r cllr n c i I l t ' r r r r L r c l elz- l k e r l c p o s i t s . A s p l t : t l t
f r r r r r l l r r s e ' s o u r c c s i s o l i c n c l l l e c l l a k c l r s p h l r l t .l ) r ' l c t i c l l l v n o n c o l t h i s r t s p h l L l ti s L t s c c il n t l t c
l 'nitecl Strrtcst(xll\..
Open-Gfade Asphalt Ffiction Course: ,\ pir\(,nrcr-ll srrrflrcc coulsr llrxl (onsist\ ol rt high r'oid.
l s p l l r l t p l e n l n r i x t l r e l p c r r r i t s r r r p i c lr l r a i n a g c ( ) l r l i n \ \ ' i r T ( ' r ' l h l o r r g l trl t c c o t L L s et n r l ( ) u t l l r e s l t { ) L l l
c l e r ' . ' l i r c n r i x t i r r e i s r ' l r ; r r r' ;' rt r r - i z cIcl x : r l l t r g e p e r ( e n t l i g c t > f o t r c s i z e r l ( ( ) l l r s c e g g r ( g i l t c . l h i s
( ( ) L r r s rp f u \ ' c n t s t i r c I N c l [ o P l : t n i r g l r n t l P r o r i r l e s ; r s ] !i c l -l c s i s t lnl t J ) l l V e | l r e nsl u r l r l ( c .
Pavement Stfuctufe: .\ plr\'('lrtnt. int lLrtling ell ol its cr>trrsesof lrsplrllt lggrL'girte ri-\tu1cs. ()l'
:r torrrlrjnltion of lrsphllt couLscs lrncl untrclrtcrl xggrcgxte cor-rlscs.plltcctl rtlrovc lltc sultgrltclc
o l i r u l > r ' ocr c l s r r b g n t c l c .
 'l-he
Penetfation*: cor-rsistenc v o| I bitlrminorr. lrlrlrlilrl e\plcsseaL lls thc (Listxr]cc(in tcnths ()f e
n)illir)rcter) tllrt e stlnclercl nctclle pcnctlrtc: rL ' r u l p l e v c l l i c u l l v u n c l c l s p c c i l i c c l c r x r c L i t i o n so f
l , , . r , l i r t gt i r t , . r r ( l t ( r r l \ ( ' rl t r , r , '
P e n e t f a t i o n G r a d i n g : { c l r r s s i l i c r r t i o rsi\ \ l r n r ( ) i : r \ l ) 1 l 1 L cl t( ' n l ( l r t s b l s t ' c l o n p e n e l r : l l i ( ) n i n 0 . 1
l l l n r x t 2 i C ( - ; - } r ) . l h t r t r t r c l i i c s t e n t l . L l cll) e r r r ' t r . r l i l ) rg.rl r t t l c s l o l p i l l i n g : - i 0 5 0 . 6 0 ? 0 . i J i - 1 0 0 .
1 - 2 01 5 i i . : r n ( i 2 ( 1 0J O o .
Performance Graded (PG): .\:ph:rit lrrntlel gleclc clcsignrrtion rrsctl in Srrprclpavetl)xseal on thc
l r i n t l t r ' s r n c c h l r r r i c ] lP c | l i i r n i l r n c r l l t ( r i t i c r l l e n r p L - [ r t L l r c u
5n r l . r g i n g c O n r ] i t i r i n sT
. lris ststent
clilcctlt corlelatts Lllxrretort tcsting to Iirlcl pcrlirrnrancc throLrglr r:ngint('ring principlcs.
Plant Screens*: Screcr1skrclltccl bet$een t)re clrlel rrncl lrrit lrin. \lriclr scPrrlirtc hcltecl eggrt'
! . r l L- r n l , , 1 r 1 " 1 rr l r ' , 1l r i r r . r z r ' -
Poise: A cclltirnrtcr-gnlr)r-scc()nal unit ol rl)s()iuiL, \isc()sit!. e(lLrill t() tlrr \iscosit\'()f x t-luiclin
N h i c h l r s t l e s s o f o n t ' c l v n c p c r \ ' l L r . r t Lc L n t i ] I L t e r i s f ! q u i r t ' r l t ( ) n ] l i n t i r i n l r t l i f t i ' r t n c e o l r e l o c i t r
ofonc ccntirnetr p(r scc()n.l bet* ee'r.rt*o pllrllel 1)lxncs in the fluicl rh:rt lic in tlrt clirctlirin ol
llrs ancl ale scplrlattcllx e tlistante of one ttnlinretrl.
Polymer Modified Asphalt Binder: A convcnlior.nl xsl)llllt (enrcnt t() \\'hich 1l st)'r'cnc l)l(xk
< o p o l V n r ( r ( ) r s t v r ( ' n ( ' l ) L r t l r ( l i ( n cr L r b b c r ' ( S I S Rh) t c x ( ) r D c o p r c n ( ' l i r t c \ h i r s l r t t n a c l c l e ctl< r
irrprovr ptltixrnlrncc.
Raveling:'l hc Ploglcssir c seplllilti()r] ()l ilggregltc prlrticlrs in r p1l\tnrent frorr llre strliltrc
t L x n u l L t l o r i r r n r t h e c ( L g c si n \ \ : l r ( 1 .R r n e l i n g i s c l r r r s c cllx l l r c k o f c ( ) n r p l L ( ( i ( ) n(.( ) n s t n r ( t i ( ) n ( t
x rhin lilt clr[irrg cokl \\'eilthcr. tliltr oI clisintcgr':lIingll]grcgltc. trxr littlt' lsl)lrirlt in llr(' n)ix. ()r
. ' r r ' t l r r ' . , 1 | I'l 'r1] 1 1 1 .11 . 1 r 1 1 1
. 11111i r
R u t s ( C h a n n e l s ) : ( i l o o r c s t h : r t r l t ' r c l o p i n t h r ' * h c c l t r l l ( k s ( ) f r r p r r \ ' ( ' n r r n l .( l l r e n n c l s r t t : n r c s u l t
l h r n r c o n s o l i c l a t i o no r l a t c n r l l r o l r n r c n t r r n c l c rt n f f i c i n o n t ' o r r r r o r c o l t l r e r . r r t crl 'e1 irn g c o L t r s t ' s ,
o r l r v r l i s p l l L c e r r c n ti n t h c l r s l r i l r l t s r r r l l r c cl a r c r i t : e l f . ' l h r v m l r r c l c l c l o p r r n c l c rr l a f l i r i n n c u
a s p l r e l t p u v r m c n l s t l l i t h l r ( l t r x r l i t t l , : c ( ) l n p l l c t i ( ) nr l u r i r r g c o n s t n r r l i o r r o r l r o r r l ) l l s t i c n i ( ) \ c n r c n t
in l nrix thlt rkrt's noI hir\c cnoLL.qh st:rbilitrt() supp(){ tll('trlrllr(.
S a n d A s p h a l t : A r n i \ t u r r o f s a n c l l n r l a s p l l r i t c e n r c n l . t t r t l r a c l i a s p l r e l t o l c r t r u l s i l i t c li l s p h l l t . I t
n r : r r b c p r c p l r r e c lr r i t h o r ' * i t h o r r l s l - ) t ci e l ( ( ) n l r ( ) l ( ) l i l g g r c g r l t t g n r r l i n g l r n c l r l I L \ ' ( ) r r l l r v n o t ( ( ) n
tlrin nrjnerill lllltr. l-lithcr'lrri\ing ir-rl)Llce ()r pLllnt 1li\ c()nstrLlcti(nrnllv lx' ('nrl)l()\'('(1.Slncl
rrsphllt is usccl in constructi(m ol l)()th lnsc encl sLlrlrlcc a()Lrrses.
S h e e t A s p h a l t : A h ( ) t n r i x l L l r r o l e s p l r l r l tl r i n c l c r r j t l r t l c e n . a r r g r r l r r rg. m c l c c ls l r n c ll l n ( l m i n r r J l
l l l l r r ' . I t s u s c i s o l c l i n e r i l v r o n f i n t ' r l t ( ) r c s e r r ' ( ) i rl i n t ' r ' sr r n t l l r r n c lf i l l c r L p s ru s u : l l l \ l l i ( l ( ) n r n l l l t c r
r n c c l i a l co l l c r c l i n g c o l r l s c .
Sieve: In l:tbo|ltton \\1)rl\. lur rppllllLls irr \hich llrt ()pcl.lir.rgsin tlie llresh rIc sclulrfc ii)f sePx
l ] r l i n g s i z ( ' s ( ) t l r i r t ( ' r i i lL
Skid Resistance: 1-lrc lbilitv ol lrr.r:rsphrrlt 1-niir-rvsrrrflrce. pllrti( Lllxrlv u lrcn rr et. to oill'r re :is-
tilncr to slil)ping or skiclcling.'l rc llLrlorsli)r (t)luinins high skicl rcsistrncr rur.qtnorrllv tltc
s l L m c l t s t l r ( ) s c f r x O l r t ] i n i n g h i g l r s t l r l r i l i t r .I ) x r p e r l L s p h l l t c o n t c n t l r n t l i l g g r c g x l e \ \ ' i t l r : L r o u g l l
'I'lte
sultlr(c T('\tur('lrr('tltc gr(tltcsl crrnllilrtLtors. i l g g r c g i r t ( ' n r L l s nt o f o n l t h l r t ' r r l . O r r g hs u l f l r c c
l c \ t L r r e .l ) u t u l s o l e s i s t p o l i s l r i n u .
S o l u b i l i t y : A n r c l l s u r e o l - t l r e 1 - r r r l i t ol f u n r r s ; r l r e l (t e n l c n t . T I r t r r b i l i t t o l t h c p o r - t i o no f t h e
r L s p h l l t r ' t ' n r e n tt h r t t i s s o l L r b l ek r b c c l i s s o h c r l i n l t s l r t c i f i r - ' rsl o l r r ' n t .
Soufce Propefties: (lriticlrl llggrcg,rite.hlu'lrctclistics. $hich bcclrtrse c>fthrir nlrturt. !ire s()ur(c
s p c c i f i c l r n r l u l r o s c l r s c l n c l l i n r i t i n g r l L l L r r sl r e s o u r c t d t p e n t l c n t l l n ( l c s t l r l ) l i s h c cllr t t h e u s r n . r l
llgcnc\.
S t a b i l i t y : l h c l b i l i t r o l a r . t : t s 1 > l r apl tl r \ i n g n i \ t u r e s t ( ) r e s i s t ( l e l i) n l l l l ti () r ) l r o n r i n r p r > s c cllo l t t l s .
S t i r l ) i l i l vi s c l e p e n c l c n lL r p o n l r o l h i n t c r n l l f l i c t i o n l r n r l , . r r l r e s i o r r .
S t o k e : , \ r r n i l o l I ' i r r c r n t r t i cr i s , : o s j l t . c c l L r r rtlo l l l c \ i s c ( ) s i t \ ' o f r r l l L r j t li r t l t o i s e s c l i r i c l t t l l r t t l l c
rlt'nsirr' of tlrr lllritl in .qtrrrs pcl cr-tlticc('rttittt(1tr.
-llic
Subbase: r o r r r s r , i n t l r c l r s p h l t l t p l l l r n l e n t 5 t r L r ( J u f ri -t t t r t t c c l i l L t t l lvr c l o r r t l l t ' l l e s e c o r - L l s cI.i
t h c s t t b g l r t l t s o i l l r a s r t c l c t l t l t t cs i l l t P o r l . i l r l l l l \ s t r r e i t s t l l c s L l l ) l ) ; l s ( ' .
S u b g r a d e : ' l ) r e s o i l l t r t ' p l f c ( l t ( ) s u P p ( n 1 i l l ) J \ ( n r e n t s t r t l c t t l r c ( ) r l l l ) t \ c n l t n l s \ s t f l l l . 1 1i \ l l r (
litrntl:ttion ()l lllc l)a\clll(llt strLl(ltlfc.
Subgmde, lmproved: Sultgllrrit tllLt lns bccn inrplor cri irs ll \\1)rliirlg l)llltti)frtt lrt: I ) thc in, or
(clllellt. illl() th('
l ) ( ) r : t t i o l to f g t t n L r l u l n l l l t r r i l t l s o l s t l r l r i l i z t , l ss r r c h l t s r t s p h l l t . l i n r r ' , o t l t r t r l l l L n t l
s r r l t g l l r r l t , s ( ) i l(i ) l : ) . l n \ c ( ) L l r s t( ) r c ( ) L l r s ( so l s t ' l t c t o l i t n p t r > r ' c clll ) l r 1 ( r ' i l lll) l l l c c ( l ( ) n t h t s t l l )
g l l l ( l e s ( ) i l l t e l O r r t h c l l i l \ c n l r n l s t l L l c t u l e .S L r l r g I . a t licn l l ) r () \ c rl ) c r t t ( l ( ) c s l t ( ) t i l l l i ' c Tt l l e c l e s i g r l
t l r j c k n t ' s so l t h e p l t r t n r c n l s l r l r ( 1 L r r c .
Supcfpaver'1: Slto|t 1irr' \Pcl i0r- lgllirr nting .\sphult !413nre|tt - rL pctlorn]ltnct'lresccl stslcnr
fitl sclcttirrg rrrril spccit_r'inglsl)ltillt l)in(lt:rs trnrl lirr rlerelopittg lttt rtsplt:tlt trti-rtrtrt clesigrl.
Supefpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC): A clcvicc Lrsc(l(lufjng SLlpcrp:r\e rllix (ltsign (n- fi('l(l
t c s t i n g l l ( t i \ ' i t i c s l i r l c o n t p l L c l i n gs a r r p l c s o l h ( ) Tr . r ' l i \l l s p h l l l l i n t o s P c c i t t t t ' t t si t s t c l t i r r \ ' o l L t l l l (r I r (
l l n l L l y s i s (. l ( ) n t i n L r o r r cs l t ' n s i f i c e t i o no f t h e s p c c i m e n i s r n t l s r . t r t c l ( l u r i n g t l i c c o l l l J ) i l (t i ( ) l l p r ( ) c e s s .
S u p e f p a v e M i x D e s i g n : \ r i \ t f ( . l L . i - ' r . \ \ l L r ) t l l r . l r r r l ( ! t . r l ( \ t l r , ' t l t , l i , ' l l , , l r r . r l I(i . r l \
( e s p h e l t . l g g r c g l r T ( , )e n c l r o l u n t c t r i c p r () p () r l i () n i n g l i t l r t h e I ) r ( ) i c c ls c l i r t l t t c r L n ( l( l L ' s i g nt r J i l - i (
Viscosity: A llclLsurt oi llre rcsistlrncc t() f-l()\\ of lL liqlricl. It is rttrc Irtcthocl of lllcitsuring tlle
( ( ) n s i s t e n \( o I l t s p h l t l t .
Atrsolute Viscosify: .,\ nlrilsLLrc of tlrr. r isr'osin' of esphltlt. ntt'ltstrecl in pttises. c()n(lLl(1('(l:li
: l t er ) l l x r l t t u l( ' O f 6 0 ( l ( 1 + 0 F ) . l h c t e s l n l e t l t o ( l L r t i l i z e si l p l l l t i i r l \ l L c u L l n tt o i n c l u c e 1 l < > \ t n
titc Visc()rrele[.
Kinematic Viscosity: .\ llrc,.rsLrIeof tltc Visrrrsjtt of ltsplLilt. rttcltsLtrt-cljn ccntist()kes. c()rl
( l L l c t c ( l t t i L l e m p e f t t t L l r (( ) 1 1 3 5 C ( 2 r i I ] ) .
Viscosity Grading: A clessificlrtion s\stcnl ()l lrspltelt cements lrlscd ort viscositt rllnllts 3t 60(l
( l + 0 F ' ) .A l l r i n i r l ] u r \ i s c ( ) s i t Vr r r l J 5 ( l ( 2 - 5 F ) i s u l s o r r s L [ t l l Ys p e t i f i c c l . ' l l r t p i t r ' l r o s ci s k ) p f c -
s c r i l t t ' l i n t i t i r . t gr r l l r c s o f ( ( ) n s i s t e n c vl t t h c s ( ' t \ \ 1 ) t c n l l ) e n t l u r t s . 6 0 C l ( I i 0 F ) l l l ) p r ( t x i l l l l l t e st l l ( '
r n x i r r r u r t t t c m p c r i r t u r t o f a n l t s p h : t l tp i l v e l t t c n t s t t r f l l c t i t t s e r r i c c i t l l l r c l . S : l J 5 ( l ( l r 5 F )
Irllpt( )x inlltcs tlre trrixing linrl llrVtirx\n te rpeilturcs fiu'ltot rnix ltsplLtlt llrtVctllellls.
Wet Mlxing Period: The inten ul of linre l)et\\rcn lhr l)eginning of upplicrttiorr ttf rtsphrllt trrater-
i r r l i n l o a p t r g m i l l u n c l t l r e o p e n i n g o 1 t h c t l i s c l t r i r g cg a t c .
'Workability: 'I-ltc
cast tr'ith \ hich p:rVing nrixtulcs nrer' lrc plrtcecl lLItclcorttl:lltciccl.
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t5 033 576 05 048 8i9 21 013 220 r8 089 lr6 r7 021 30 030 901 l2 02s 386
2r l0r 300 17 074 156 30 036 853 10 r02 330 2.1 060 032 2r 0s6 t!8 l8 112 281
23 129 916 l8 102 191 10 052 716 tl I| 925 26 0i4 639 r0 100 t6l 20 111 818
30 158 431 1t6 t05 257 25 061 954 28 12i 840 07 16t 512 2S 133 388 03 l2r .656
24 1t| 39r 28 179 147 29 062 507 24 132 2i1 28 1S.1 ti6 24 138 062 I3 r73 .640
11 202 211 26 r87 811 l8 08/ 887 r9 285 899 03 2ts 166 20 168 564 22 209 421
16 201 012 04 188 482 24 .105 849 01 326 037 29 261 281 22 232 953 t6 221 3rl
08 208 118 a? 248 511 0i' 139 r59 30 334 938 11 282 262 14 259 211 29 235 356
r9 2| 798 a3 214 442 0r 175 611 22 405 295 14 379 !91 D1 215 1S5 28 261 911
29 .233 070 07 2,15 08 23 196 8/3 05 421 282 13 391 105 a6 21i 475 I1 28/ l!9
0i 260 073 t5 248 831 26 24 981 13 J51 212 06 110 15/ 02 296 191 02 336 9S2
r/ 262 308 29 261 087 11 255 374 02 161 023 t5 438 /0 26 311 r11 t5 39J 488
25 2J1 184 30 302 883 05 31 013 06 187 539 22 453 635 05 351 19 43/ 655
06 302 372 2l 318 088 11 316 653 08 19t 396 21 112 821 r7 370 ulr 24 .466 :3
0t .109 406 II 376 336 13 32,1 25 503 893 05 488 118 D9 388 181 r4 .531 011
l3 507 693 11 J3 814 15 594 603 a1 525 222 0 1 1 1 0 073 09 562 6/8
02 575 651 27 138 6/6 20 3/t 535 2t 624 894 12 561 980 530 06 601 7511
t8 591 318 08 467 205 08 ,109 195 2t 623 841 08 652 508 1 3 4 8 6 779 10 612 859
20 610 821 09 17r r38 16 415 /10 r7 691 .583 l8 668 271 1 5 5 1 5 86/ 26 673 112
l2 631 59/ t0 .192 4i,1 03 4/1 929 09 /08 689 30 /36 631 23 561 7 9 8 23 138 it]
27 651 .281 t3 499 892 27 543 38/ 07 709 0r2 D2 163 253 | 618 5t2 2l 753 6t,1
0,1 661 953 ts 511 520 17 625 I7l r1 714 049 23 804 140 28 636 148 30 758 851
22 692 089 23 591 770 02 699 073 23 /20 635 25 828 ,125 2i 65 T11 27 765 563
05 779 316 20 604 730 19 702 934 03 748 413 t0 843 627 16 711 508 07 780 531
0s 787 1t3 24 654 330 22 816 802 20 781 603 t6 858 849 19 7/8 812 01 8r8 l8/
r0 818 837 t2 128 523 04 838 166 26 830 384 04 903 327 07 804 6/5 l7 837 353
14 895 631 16 753 344 ra 901 116 01 843 002 0s 912 382 08 806 95f 05 851 gr8
26 912 376 0r 806 134 28 969 t40 t2 884 582 27 935 162 18 841 4r4 01 867 r33
28 920 163 22 878 884 09 97,1 046 29 926 700 20 970 582 12 918 1r4 08 915 538
03 s45 1.1 25 939 162 05 977 191 t6 95t 601 ts s75 327 03 992 399 25 975 58,1
ColNo.8 Col.l{0.9 C o l .l { 0 .1 0 C o lN. o 1. 1 C o lN. o . 1 2 C o l l. { 0 . 1 3 C o lN. o . 1 4

09 042 071 11 061 935 26 038 023 2i u1 tTg t6 073 98/ 03 033 0-o1 26 035 175
l7 l4l 111 02 065 097 30 066 3/1 06 081 396 23 078 .056 07 .01/ 391 1/ 08S 363
a2 143 221 03 0s4 228 2t 073 816 24 098 524 17 096 076 28 064 |3 t0 119 681
05 162 899 16 122 345 0s 095 568 t0 r33 919 04 153 163 r2 066 360 2S 238 (]ls
03 285 016 l8 158 13 05 180 741 15 187 079 r0 254 83t 26 076 552 13 2J4 r6a
28 291 034 25 193 ,169 t2 200 851 17 221 767 06 .281 628 30 087 101 2.1 262 366
08 369 55/ 24 221 5t2 13 259 32/ 20 236 5i1 r2 305 616 A2 12i 18t- 08 26J 651
0r 136 386 1A 225 223 2t 264 681 01 2,15 988 25 319 901 06 141 068 18 285 311
20 150 289 0s 233 838 t7 283 645 04 317 291 a1 324 212 25 242 6i-4 02 310 131
r8 455 789 2t 29 124 23 363 063 29 350 911 08 .116 372 0r 217 025 29 353 478
23 188 715 01 29t- 242 20 361 366 26 .380 104 l3 432 556 23 253 323 06 359 270
l1 196 276 11 337 /60 l6 395 363 28 42s 864 a2 489 821 24 320 651 20 38i 2.18
15 503 342 t9 389 064 02 123 540 22 18i 526 29 503 r87 r0 ri28 365 t4 3S2 694
04 515 693 13 4| 474 08 432 736 05 552 5tl t5 518 t17 2t 338 412 03 108 .770
t6 532 112 20 44/ 893 t0 476 468 1,1 564 357 28 521 S98 13 356 991 21 440 280
22 551 351 22 118 321 03 508 7/4 Ir 5/2 306 03 542 362 16 401 t92 22 461 .830
1t 559 620 29 48r 993 0t 601 417 21 594 r97 l9 585 462 1t 423 117 16 527 003
r2 650 216 2/ 562 403 22 681 917 09 607 524 05 695 rtl 2t 181 838 30 53r .186
21 6t-2 320 04 566 179 29 697 862 19 650 572 07 t33 938 08 560 40r 25 678 360
13 70S 273 08 603 758 1r a01 605 t8 661 101 I1 74.1 9,18 1S 564 r90 21 1?5 011
0/ ./45 687 l5 632 927 0/ 728 498 25 6/1 128 rJ /93 118 05 571 051 05 79/ 5S5
30 l'80 285 06 707 r07 1,1 715 679 02 697 671 2/ 802 96/ r8 58/ 581 t5 801 927
19 845 097 28 737 t6l 24 8r9 1.14 03 767 928 2l 826 48/ 15 601 1,15 12 836 294
26 846 366 t7 846 13 t5 81 826 16 809 529 24 835 832 | 641 298 04 854 982
29 861 307 07 874 .191 25 863 568 030 838 29,1 26 855 142 22 612 156 11 884 928
25 906 874 0s 880 828 06 878 215 013845 170 11 861 462 2t 614 887 19 886 832
2,1 919 809 23 S3l 659 18 93 .601 08 855 52,1 20 87.1 625 14 152 881 07 92S 932
10 952 555 26 960 365 04 954 82/ 07 867 718 30 929 056 09 774 560 09 932 206
06 961 501 2r s78 194 28 963 .004 12 881 i22 09 935 582 29 921 152 0t 970 692
27 969 8rl t2 982 183 19 988 .02 23 931 812 22 94i r'91 01 959 0s9 23 973 082
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. o.21

t5 02-1,o:,. ]'l itll: 588 r: 015 001 25 D2l 2S0 12 t52 0i5 20 030 881 0t 010 946
]] ll3 ra5 2a 080 218 r8 086 8/8 06 05t 5tl Jt t75 ls3 l2 031 291 t0 014 939
0/ 13t ri2 :9 131 295 26 126 990 26 059 026 2g r20 31r 22 0.13 893 09 032 346
0r r39 23! l8 r36 381 t2 r28 661 07 r05 rt6 2r r.r: 689 28 r,13 0i3 06 093 180
1 6 r . 1 5r 2 2 115 14; 861 30 146 33t r8 rct 35r-l il2 2rl! ,c5i D3 150 937 t5 151 012

20 165 520 r2 r58 365 05 t6s 4ia 2? 128 82i 26 2,2 8r€ 0J r5,t 867 16 185 455
06 185 J81 28 214 184 21 211 t33 23 r56 ,1.10 22 299 :r; 19 158 359 al 22i 2l t-
0112f 316 r4 2r5 /5/ 23 2tA 64! t5 l;l 157 18 306 .tt5 21 30.1 ti 5 02 301 100
11 218 318 13 22r 8J6 25 2t1 10i 08 220 09i 2113ll b5J lb 369 633 30 316 071
25 219 8S0 t5 227 809 10 290 925 2f; 252 066 15 318 56 18 390 536 t8 328 79S

13.252 5tl i I 280 898 01 32il 190 0l 268 5 7 6 l6 381 710 t7 4 0 3 392 2A 352 2 8 8
30 273 088 iI 331 925 24 352 291 342 0t .11l 607 23 404 182 2r6
18 27i 689 r0 3s9 992 15 361 r55 589 t3 117 715 0r . 1 1 5 451 1 9 1 1 8 75.1
22 3t2 958 30 41/ 787 29 314 882 01 358 3 0 5 21 472 ,18,1 07 .137 696 13 487 598
1 01 6 1 0 / 5 08 439 921 08 432 139 0 9 1 r 2 089 4 478 8€5 2,1 ,1,16 r 2 5 1 6 640
28519 536 20 412 181 0 4 1 6 7 266 16 129 83.1 25 4i9 0 8 0 26 185 768 24 550 038
r7 520 090 21 498 i 1 2 2 2 5 0 8 880 10 ,191 2t3 1t 566 tu4 r5 511 313 03 60,1 780
03523 519 0 1 5 1 6 396 2i 632 t 9 l 28 512 306 t0 5 7 6 659 l0 517 .294 22 621 930
26 5;3 502 03 548 6 8 8 836 r2 563 091 29 66b 3 9 r 30 5b6 85: 21 629 154
19 63.1206 23 59i 5 0 8 l9 6;5 029 02 s93 321 19 i 3 9 298 83r r1 634 908

24 635 810 21 681 I t , l ll 680 890 30 692 198 r1 719 t5S 09 5/1 599 05 696 159
2t 679 841 02 r39 298 28 I l.l 508 t9 ll5 4t5 08 756 S19 t62 23 t10 078
2t T12 366 29 t-92 0 3 € 06 719 21 709 ill 07 7S8 183 | 698 783 29 r-26 585
05 /80 197 22 829 324 0! i35 040 l3 820 l3s 23 834 6ll u 7 1 5 r/3 t7 719 sr6
23 861 106 1T 834 64t- 1i 141 906 05 818 866 06 837 978 t6 /;0 128 01 802 186

t2 865 3/t r6 9 0 9 608 11 i47 245 27 861 633 03 849 96d 08 815 385 1.1 835 31!
29 882 635 06 9r,1 120 21J 850 047 03 883 333 24 851 109 t5 8t2 190 08 870 516
08 902 020 21 958 8 5 6 02 859 356 l7 900 113 05 859 .93s 2l .885 999 28 871 .53!
0.1951 482 26 981 9 / 6 0/ 8/0 612 2l 911 483 l7 863 .220 02 .958 1ii 25 971 .369
02 971 1i2 07 983 621 03 916 463 29 950 /53 09 863 l4/ 2t .9t;1 980 27 984 .252

Coll,lo.
22 Col.No.23 Col.No.24 C o lN. o . 2 5 Col.No.26 C o l .N o .2 7 C o lN
. o.28
ABC ' - AB c A8
1 20 5 1 0 : 2 26 051 r87 08 0r5 521 02 039 005 16 026 102 2l .050 952 29 442 .039
11 068 980 03 053 2s6 16 068 9S4 16 061 599 0r 033 886 r / 0 8 5 1t3 0a 1 0 5 293
t/ 08! 30! 29 100 159 | |8 100 26 068 051 01 088 686 1 0 1 4 1 621 25 1 1 5 424
0l tgr 371 l3 102 ,165 21 12,1 565 | 073 812 22 090 602 05 151 157 09 126 612
10 100 t09 24 |0 316 18 153 158 01- i23 649 13 f4 614 0 6 1 6 4 811 r0 205
3t 121 t44 r8 |4 300 l7 190 159 05 1 2 6 658 20 136 576 07 197 013 03 210 054
02 166 056 11 123 208 26 t92 676 11 r6l 189 05 r38 ?2€ 363 23 234 533
23 179 529 09 r38 r82 0t 237 030 18 1 6 6 t1l 10 216 565 a8 222 520 13 266 799
2t 187 051 06 r94 l l5 l2 283 0/; 28 ?18 t ; l rl2 2:3 610 r 3 2 6 9 4 r-7 20 305 603
22 205 543 22 234 180 03 286 318 t6 255 f i a/ 2iE 357 D2 288 012 05 372 223
28 230 688 2t 2T1 101 r0 3r; 731 t5 261 928 3t 105 2/3 25 333 633 26 385 l l t
r9 243 001 21 331 292 05 33t 8,1.1 t0 31tl 8ll 06 12r 807 28 3,18 /10 30 .422 3 1 5
2T 261 994 08 316 085 25 ,l1l :-16 2.1 363 025 12 126 583 20 362 961 t7 4 5 3 783
15 283 440 27 382 97S 27 169 i86 22 3r8 ;92 08 .17I 708 t1 5tl 989 02 160 9 1 6
16 352 089 07 387 865 2l .173 23; 2i 3i9 959 18 173 738 26 510 903 2t 461 8 4 1
03 37/ 618 28 111 /;6 2it 175 76. 19 120 557 19 510 201 2t 581 643 l4 183 095
06 39i i69 t6 r.tl 399 t6 5ai 001 21 461 943 03 512 329 12 603 i45 12 sAl 375
09 109 128 01 515 993 ! T 76 1 0 238 1i 494 225 15 610 329 29 619 895 28 509 748
r1 165 406 r/ 518 827 09 617 041 09 620 081 09 .665 35,1 23 623 333 21 583 80.1
r3 499 651 05 539 620 13 611 618 30 623 106 11 680 884 22 624 076 22 587 993

01.539 972 a2 6?3 2t1 22 664 291 03 623 lT !- 26 703 622 18 670 901 1 6 . 6 8 9 339
l8 .560 717 30 637 :74 0.1 668 856 08 651 /90 29 739 394 | 7tl 253 06 727 2 9 8
26 575 892 r1 /11 364 19 TtT 232 12 715 599 25 759 386 0r 790 392 04 731 8 1 4
29 156 112 r5 /30 I0; 02 Tt6 504 23 782 093 21 803 602 04 813 1,11 08 807
20 760 920 19 /| 552 29 777 548 20 810 371 21 842 491 19 843 132 15 833 7 5 7
05 847 925 23 /80 662 14 823 223 01 811 i26 21 8t0 435 03 844 511 19 896 ,164
25 872 891 10 92J 888 23 818 264 29 862 00s 28 906 36/ 30 858 29S 18 916 384
24 874 135 12 929 204 30 892 .8r/ 25 8Sl 873 23 918 367 09 92S 19S 01 948 610
08911 215 0t 937 t14 28 943 .r9 01 917 264 t1 956 112 2.1 931 263 11 976 799
07 946 06s 25 974 398 15 975 .962 t3 958 s90 t7 993 989 15 S3S 917 24 918 633
 F
ASPHALTS
AASHTO ASTM
E
E
Asphalt
Binder/Cement

Performance Graded Asphalt B nder . .

Viscosity, Kinematic. D 2170
V i s c o s iA
t yb. s o l L t.e. . D 2171
Penetration T 49
FlashPointCeveland opef Cup DS2
D93
D 2042
D 1754
lil
0 2872
D1 1 3
D70 =

E
D2398

Culback
Asphall

V i s c 0 sKi t yi n, e m a t l6c0a'tC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T 2 0 1 02110

F l a sPho i nTt a, g o p eCn up.. .........T79 D1310
Dstilation. T 78 D 402
Tests onResidue:
V i s c o sAi tbys, o l u l e ......1202 D2171
D u citl iy ......T51 D113
S o l u b i l.i.t y. . . . .. .. ..144 D2 0 4 2
W a t enr A s p h a l t .T55 D95
Speciliccravty. ....I22l D1 2 9 8

Emulsified
Asphall

V i s c o sSi layy. b F o lut r .0.l. . . . . . T59 0244

StoraS g et a b i l t y ..T59 D244 -l
Demulsbilily.
C o a t lA n gb i l t y a nWda t eRr e s i s t a n c e
P a r t i cClh€a r T ge s t . ..
......T59
.. .. .. T59
...... T59
0244
D244
D244
trl
Ui,
-l a
rF
S i e vTee s t . . .
ResduebyDistillation
T59
T 59
D244
D 244 3
trt
{
tt
O iDl i s r i l a t e. . . T59 D244 .| F
Tests onResid Le: I-
-
Penetration.... T59 D244 ct ct
DLctlity... . T59 D244 E
S0lubllity.. ...........T59 D244 ctit U)
F o a t 1 e s.t.. T5S D244 -l
MINERAL
AGGREGATES =

S i e vAen a l y soifsF i naen dC o a r A s eg g r e g a t e s .......127 C1 3 6

S i e vAen a l y 0s fsl v l i n eFr liael r . . .. ......T37 D546
Sand Eqlivalent. T 176 D 2419
R e s i s t at n e r a s i(oLno A
0Ac b s n g e lM eas c h l n. .e. .) . . . . ....T96 C131
S0undness (S0dium Sulfate 0r l\,4agnesium) . T 104 C BB
 AASHTOASTM
Specific
Gravity:
nnrr<A A^^rpdrta ......T85 C1 2 7
F i n e A g g r e g a. .t .e. .. .. .......T84 C128
Filler..... . . T 1 0 0 o rD 8 5 4 0 r
T 1 3 3 C1 8 8
UnitWeight .....T19 C29
M o i s t uCroen t e.n .t . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5 5 C5 6 6

HOTMIXASPHALT

S perpave VoLumelric [ri! Des'gn .............t\,1P2

l\,4arshall l\i1ixDesign:
Resistance to Plast c Flow(Stability andFlow). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I 245 D1 5 5 9
BulkSpecific Gravity 0f C0mpacted Specimens... .........T166 02726
Percent ArrVords ..........r26S 03203
l \ , l a x r mSu rp e c i lG
i cr a v r t.y. .. . . . T 209 D 2041
Extractron
of 8[umen. .. ..... T164 D2 1 7 2
Recove'y (Absor
oIAsphall Met"od) . . . . . . . . . . . . T 17 0 D1 8 5 6
lvlo,sture
or Voldtle Distrlotes .......... T110 D1 4 6 1
Hveem l\.4
ix Designl
Preparati0n0f TestSpecrmens withKneading ..........
Compactof ...........r247 D1 5 6 1
Resistafcet0 Deformation andCohesi0n
.. . . . . . . . . . . . .r 246 D1 5 6 0
-
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aqE
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'u
T
cl
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ral
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f9 ;! .9
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E
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=9
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a =! I 23 g
ltl
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2 6
 Asphalt, I l. I l
l r , . ' l rr: ri o r ' . I t
American Association of State r ' l r L : s i lui rt i o r ro l . I ( r
Highway and Transportation l t l n t l l i n g 1 rr t . I I -
Officials, standards of p r : r n t .+ 1
.\ASHll ) \t l(). l-8 fclining. 2 3. l- I
, \ , \ 5 t l 1 ( )l t 9 i . 3 - 2I -
s t ( ) r i l r g( ) t . I l t r . r
. \ A S I I t ( ) \ 1 2 2 ( ) I. I s l r n r p l i n g( ) 1 .I l r ) . 1 l t )
A,{SH'|() \lP t. ,t..8.J J2 s p e ci f i c r r t i o n s .J S
, \ A S H ' , t (1) t l . 2 . l . l American Society for Testing
.\.\SiI'l () t l-. I J3 and Materials, standards of
'f
,\Asitll ) r{). I l0 ,\sl\l c 1tr.2.l.l
.\,\sHt'() t l(x). .J ls. J 26 , \ S T \ l ( l I 2 - r r n c (l . I 1 8 .
A , \ S H ] ' O ' t -1 6 6 . . 1 - 1 6 .J-15. .12l
4..\SII11)',r'l-6. I J- ,\ST\1(l lJl or C iJ5. 2 J9
'l
A . \ S I I I ( ) l 1 5 .J 1 3 ,\S'1,\1(l l.l().2-.lJ
AASIl'l'O l' 2 r(r :rnci | )1 . 3 22 A S I I I ( l I + 0 .+ 1 0
AASH'f() l 2+fi. r-
'1
,'\st\I C -02.+-r
,\ASH'l( ) 28.1.2-+().i Jr ,\s t \t I) I 559. .J l.J
'I
dAStI.fO .10+.I J9 .\ST\l l) 1560encl I) l5(rl.
_))
, A : \ S I I l ( ) ' l l J + : r n cIl 8 5 2

t t-r I )t A S ' t ' \ Il ) 2 r : )1. .i 3 - l u .J 2 ( )

'r'
AASHIO 96. 2-39 A S I X lD 2 1 1 9 . 2 3 : -
Absorption, 2-39 ,,\S]'Xl l) 2126 ol I) I 181'1.
.J-16
Aggregate, 2 20 AS'r'i\t f) .13,3r.2,fJ
r lessific:ttionol-.2 20 AS'l \l I) .J66i. -1 r
colcl feeci. I l.l As',r'D \ r 5 8 2 12. . J 9
( ()nsensuspropcrtirs.J 32 As't't\ll) f.i6, 2 s
r i n i r r g ; r r r ,lir t . r t i r r gr. l < A S T XET l l . I 2 l
graclation.2.ll
hencllinguncl suurpling ol'.
2 28. 1-3..i-6
ln()istLlrc
clrctli. i l0
I
natLrral.
2-26 Bag houses, .i 2J
proccssecl.2 26 Ba-secourse, 5-ri
synthetic.2-21 Batch plants, .i 3-z
Pr( 'LltL( tl, 'rl t - I .r-JiJ
c:tlilrr:ttior-r.
pr()pertiesof. 2-29 pugnrilln.lixing.+- r I
s()urcepr()pcrtics.3 32 : l U t ( ) r l t : l t r ( ) 1 1 .| . l J
sotrrces.2 26 rec\ cling technicprcs..i-.i+
s t o c k p i l i n go t . 2 2 t - . 1 - 3 Bending Beam Rheometer, 2- 16
st()r:r!-ae of. 4-3
strrf:rcecepacitt. -J-2J
tclnperlltrlrecontrol.,1 1,
tlrrtr. -i,9
 HMA production, .i 2l
c fristolr'..+-i9
( ) l ) c r : l t i ( ) n+s-.5 1 .+ - 55 clrrtlitvcon1r-ol. +-2'
Capillary tube viscometef, perellcl f1on. +-5(r s:rfetr. i 3l
'2,9
ret t t lins. -1-()1 Horizontal and veftical
Clay content, 2 3= tlipk' drtrnr.-+5ii grade control, 5 8
Compaction, 6 I Ductility, 2 I 2 pt ofile ur:tcieline (I'](ll.).
lrle:rl<clotn. (r-l.J Durability, J I 5-8
colcl*c:tllter. 6 5 Dust Co[ection, r ] l. r--. Hveem MLr Design, J 22
f u c t o r sa f f i ' r . l i n s . 6 . 1 .-6l- l scnrbber'.-+-2J (L'nllifirqeKeLosenr
finish.6-23 Dynamic Shear lent ( (lKI-l). .J 2.1
I-iclLrir':r
inttlurecli:rte.62J Rheometer, 2- l+ K lector-. J 2+
1tlit'rts. (t 20 StebikrmctclTcst. -l 2(r
nrcchltnicsof. 6 I Sl cll Tcst.3-26
nrllint rtr 1rrilrrnents.(t l- rrnel\sis of . .J 2lJ
tlrin lills. (r-19
tlrick lifis. G20 Elastic,2;
\ il)rJt()n'rollers.(t-l5 i
Emission control system!
I
Construction Proicct +-20
Management, 1 I Impe rrneability, 3-5
Contract, I 2 Inspection of mat, 5 J2
Control strip density,
--lu
6lfi.
Counter flow dryer, + l- Fatigue resistance, .3-r
Cracking and seating Flashpoint, 2 10
(breaking and seating),, Flow Test, J 16 Job mix formula, .l- I 1
Fume recovery system, \cftll(lrtl( )lt. -11
Cyclone Dust Collector, 5 +.i Joints, 5 39
1 , 2 r .1 2 2 tol<1.5-.i2
hot.5 i2
krngituclinel.5 i2
a Grading charts (serni-log
tr':rns|ersc.5-39

Density analysis, J- l9 chart, O.45 power chart),

Design aggregate r lr ),li )-lr
stfucture, J-.1-l Grading
Direct Tension Tester, eggrcuele.2-.11 Knockout box, i 2l
216 I r s p l r : r l2t .8
Distillation, 2-.2
Distributor controls, 5 l2 ir
Distributor, i I 1
H
Dnrm mix plants, .i-2. + .i9 Laboratory density, l- l-
( ()untcrflos'. .i 5l Handwork, 5-16 Leveling wedges, 5 i
co:rterlrnit. i 57 Haul trucks, 5-28 Load tickets, 5 J2
C I ( , t l l ) l cl ) i l I ]r ' t . l - - ) HMA overlay, 5-i tlrxrLrgh.5-.1.i
clotrbleclrunr. i-59 Long term aging, 2 6
Low temperatufe Pavement geometrics,
cfacking, 2 6 539
n
Pavement lane crown, Reclaimed Asphalt
5J9 Pavement (RAP), 1 ,1''i
Pavers, 5 15 Reference density
lrilct()runit. 5 l5 specification, 7- 19
Marshall Mix Design, .l 12 tircs or tracks.5 15 Restricted zone, 3 33
Maximum particle size, holtpcr. flrs qutcs. Rollers, (;-r
rllger. 5-lf rrmplituclc.(r 15
2_29
Maximum theoretical hoppcr f?cclcr:mgers. trecluclrcv.6 15
density, r 1r slaticsteel-rvltceltlncient.
Method dcnsity scr-t:cclunit. 5- l9
specification, - 1fi t:lnrpiitgl)xr t\ pcs. 5-21 pr-rrtrtt:rtic'
tirccl. 6 l0
screc(lc()nlr()ls.i -22 ()
vil)1rt(x\'. 1-2
Mineral filler, 2 J.l. J-.J
\ 1 , , r ' . l J l.(| | ] ( l l t r l n | . l l i n 1 ] , , l - . tontrol st stents.5 2- rtrllingleqLrirentcltts. 6 l7
- + - 5 .r l 1 ( rlcul:ltingvielcl.5-.1+ sllnrlnen'.6-23
Mix evaluation, .3ii Penetration, 2 E Rolling Thin Film Oven,
Mixfufc, density of, J I Performance grading, 2 fi 2 I l. 2-lr
luirr oicls..l l Placernent of HMA, 5-.35 Rotational (Brookfield)
\ ' \ 1 . , \ . . lJ su lltJll:lrv of. 5-+J Viscometer, 2 f .i
VI A. :tsphaltc()nlrlrt.-J2 Plans, 1 2 Rubblization, 5 ;
Moisture susceptibility, Plastic,2-+
Ir0 Preliminary design
scltsiti\it\'. J .J5 testing, 3 I I s
Pressure aging vessel,
I tf Secondary collectors. t-l {
Primary collectors, + 2l Segregation, ll- I
Prirne coats, 5-9 clisch:rrgesvsten)s.lJ-I2
Nominal maxirnum lrorn hanclling:tnd
particle size, 2 29 stockltilitrg.13-(r
Nuclear density gauge,
(r-lfi. l- l8
a l-1orvg:rtes.E-l 5
in rrix clcsign,8 J
Quality assurance/ t f () u l ) l es p ( ) t s . 82
Quality control, (QA/QC), of cc>lclltins, lJ 7
0 13 ol- hcx bins. lJ-;
(
x( cpt:rnccplans.I 15 ()t (lrlln) mixer. l.i-S
Oxidation, 2-(r
Oxidative hardening, 2 6 ail voirls.r-9 ()f h()t clc\':ttor.8-8
(sre :rge helclening).2 6 rrsplr:rltcontent. (rT ot crt icu-, lJ 1
I
xggr!'a:rte gl:l(lltti()lt. 6 pinpointing. fl- I (r
l\Ulli \lls(lrl( rf.l\ tl\ |j pevcr'.8- 1.J
nr:rxinrrrrrrs1;ccilic gtrvitr'. pLrumill :rndsurgeg:rtts.8 11
P -8 \lll:r' st('r.tilr'
.lll(l H lrirt.. |,
(JO tcsting.:- 1j scvclitr'.8- l9
Parallel flow dryer, r- I
P:rrticle shape, 2 .39 trrrck k>uclins.f.i 1l
IVl)r's. H /
Skid resistance. j'8 Voids analysis, 3 l-
'I'est, l2 Visual Inspection. 5 .J2
Solubility 2
Source acccptance
testing, 3 I I
Specific gravity. I l l. -Z-.1- w
Specifications, l-l
Spraybar,5 ll Washed-sieve analysis,
stabilir_v Test, i 16 3l)
Stability, .l I0 Wet scrubber, 1 l.J
Standard specifications, Workability, 3 (r
l2
Storage silos, + J9
Subgrade,5-.3
Superpave, I lJ
clcsignrtsph:tltc()nl('nl.
J'J)
( i ( r l l . l l t l , l , t r i . l l . t l ( .\ t t\ ll i .
J-33
gvfllt()r\ ( ( nnpxct(n-..J-J-J
s e l e c t i o nr > fn r L t r r - i r t l 3s .J l
l | r , , i \ l l l r r . r ' t l r i t i ri t r . { t i
r n i r c i t ' s i g ns v s t c n l 3 J 0
Surge bins, +- I r

Tack coats, 5- l0
Thin Film Oven, 2-II
Total Quality
Management (TQM). I .r
Toughness, 2 J-

-
u-
:
I'ndersealing.

v
\rFA analysis, J lti. I 19
Viscoelastic, 2-.r
Viscosity, 2I
Viscosity after aging, 2 l(t
V1\{A analysis, 3' lli
 (lFTHE
MEMBERS ASPHAI.T
IIISIITUTE
olMar|h201]3r
LAs

r i l f a s l l al . . ea t a rca r r r r l e r s i ci Fr l ] l aI l d dl r e s

' AhoNobetSudace
Chemisry LLC!,i :ri i
A l l S I a tAessp h aI In c S . . ]rr t!l
AlonUSALr ri ir
, Andrie lnc. r,,..r".r. rj-
' A -m3iProd[ctsr ., ]
,: .L
Asphalt Mateials,Inc. , t r.:r i t.
Asphail Pmcess0ls lic0rpomred rr,i!i,11 r_
Associaled
' AI0ft)tAflastomen.
Asphall. Inc.rir-- ,j.
Inc I ' , I,
AI0FlllAPetrochemiDals. Inc.F: .., ,
B i l u n al rn c . , 4 i . . , ; ! ' r 1 1 , /
gilumin0us Products Companv i.,..-,. ,
' 8ouchard . .
Coastw|le tvtanaq€meriCoro.
8PPrcducts NodhAmencatnc. ,, t.
C a l t e x C o r y o rlul !l i o! ,nr j T r l t a
Canadian Asphall Ind0stries Inc t.l,.ri i ! iirij ,
Chevr0nTeraco Corporalron
ClT00Asohaln€tinrnq Company .
C o l a sS.. A f r r i : F l r l
C o n o c 0 PohsrC o m o a n v
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EIUCo 8uilding Pmducts Ltd. ij. :a ,r!rfil
Eruon Asphalt & tmutsions, Inc.lr .jr '.r,,
fnonil0bitLubricanls & S0ecianies Com0anv
E n o n M o b r l L u b . i& c aSnptesc i a I iC e s0 m 0 a n r rv: ; , , , , ,
h0nlerT€rmrnat E Tradinq C0mpani
C A F M a t e r a t s C o r p. o , .r.a, t r o n
'Heatec.Inc
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I h eH u d s oCno m p a n rt 0 r s, r : . . . i
Huntflefininq Company:.., ,r ,:
H u s k0yi lM a * e l i nCgo m p a nt .y' I : , : , : . r r , r a l
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lmpeial0illri . .rtt itr',tiitr
h l a l l AS . L l , r,r| I . q r n
J e t mI n D! .i L , t r , r
{ildat SeniceLtd.lr't.,. rr ' ,;ii pi) iil,r.rr
XochIMareriah Company i"i.-f : r:
l(okosino Malerials. InD.f.r: rr { nt
' KnAI0lil Potyme|s F .t.r ,
L a l a r qAes p h aEt n l q i n e € i ,ntfqt , s . , . t , i i : r ,i T f ! :
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llamthonAshtand p€lroteum LLCi l]r, rl
E .A .M a a n i A s p h C a I0 . . I n cT. ] r 0 e-
malhyConstruclion Comlanv uni::i !,i
McAsphalllndusllhs Lld.t .J,!i;,.1r itj,l t.rr.ril
lvloose Jawkphalt lnc. l,l-..,' /, ;( r]t!i r,l
l v u r y hoyi l U S AI n , c .: r l r I l l
t{ynisE ument;!. fr I i ',r
o l d c a s lM t ea t e n actrso u p, , L
Pararn0unt Petroteum C0rporatton r
' P e n nf l l a i l i m eI n, c .1 , . r:' r ' _i -i
Pelrc.Canada lnc. iirr . i]|] i,,rrrii,,
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roteu Cm ompan t ry, . j t l
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S r s t e mIsn.c .. r i . . . : . i , r . , .
SanJoaqu Bienl i n i nCq0 .I.n c .t r - , . . I i l
S a q e a n t M a r iInnec .I . i l . :
Sen€ca Petroteum Co. tnc. t .i l
ShellCanada ProduDts ,,' - ! . .,r]].
Shelllntemati0nar petrcleum C0mpanv L miled
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She[oitproducts IJS:r .. , ,:
SKCoryotalion :. /fir:,
' spnque E n e q cy o l p 1 . i - ' r i _r .
SuilKoteConoralion |i, j : .t,
TerryIndustdes. Inc.rtri .i il,
T e r P aErn e r cIvn.c ., , r r , ,
T r u m b u l l A s p'h a t r lr-
' Ullmpave
Coeolarion it:r.u ij,r
Unibdnelining Companv r,r.n- ',i
U . S0 i l & H e l i n i nCqo m p a n l ,y r r r ' , r
Valerc tnergyColDomlion rir .,, T,
Vance Erolhers Inc. ;tri:: r ,,.[
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ASHIALTIffiIMM
BesearchParkDrive
P0.Box14052
Lexington,
KY4051 2-4052
(859)288-4960
Fax(859)288-4999