1. Score, JA This method describes the deter rmination of the loose uncampacred oid content of a sumple of Gne agerepate. ‘When measured on any aggregate of known grading, void content provides an indication of that ugercyate's angularity, sphericity, and surface texture evmpared with omher fine aggregates tested in the same grating. When void conten’ is mes giading, it can be an indicator of the eitect of che fine aggregate on the works- bility of @ mixiur in which it may be see, 1.2 Three procedures are inched for the measuromear of void conten: Two use graded fine aggreyate (landard grading or as-received gracing). and the other uses several individual size fine lions for void content determinations 121 Standard Graded Sample (Method A) This method uses a sian dard fine aggregate grading drat is ob- tained hy combining, indivitusl sieve racions ftom a yypieul fine agyregute sieve analysis, See the section on Preps jon of Test Sample for the Grading 12.2 Individual Si (Method B\—This meshod uses each of nee fine aggregate size fructions: (a) 2.3G6-mm (No. 8) to 118mm (No. 16) (&) E18 mm (No, 16) 9 600 pm (No, 30}; and (c) 600-pan (No. 30) «0300 tuan (No, 50). For this method, each siae is tested separately 12.3 As Received Grating (Method ©J—This method uses thar portion of reyate Ber lian a 475mm L2A See the section on Significance and Use far guidance on the method © be used. 13° The values stated in SI unis shall be regarded as the standard 1a) This standard does sor purport on a usrvcsived Tine aggregate Fractions Standord Method of Test for AASH'O DESIGNATION: 'T 304-96 tw aduhess all of the safety problems, if any, sseociated with ats use. Ie 18 the responsibility of the user of this standard {0 establish appropriate safety und health practices and determine the applicability of tegulitory Tiuitations psior wo use 2. REFERENCES DOCUMENTS 2 ASTI Standacals: B88 Specification tor Seam less Copper Water Tabe Sposificution for Sear: Jess Copuer Water Tiabe | Merrie} Tesi Meld far Bulle Density (Unit Weight") and Voids i Aggregate sat Method for Mate. sialy Finer than 7: im (No 200) Sieve in Mineral Augregaics by Washing Terminology Relating: lo Concrete and Cone crete Aggregates Test Melhiod for Spo- ciffe Gravity and AD sorption of Fine Ape regal "Tos: Method tor Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates Pructice for Reducing Samples of Agaregate to Tasting Size Spevification for Stan died Sana Practice fer Sau Ageregates ACE Document ACL Cement and Conerete LR Tenninology' B 8AM. C29) 20M C18 ©1%6 e702 cme DIS 22 svete Fine De T9130 Dabo UHR Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate TERMINOLOGY 3A Terms used jo this standard ace defined in ASTM C 125 or ACT 168, 4, SUMMARY OF ‘TEST METHOD. 4.1 A vominal 100-101. calibrated cylindrical measure is fled ith thie aggregate af prescribed grading hy al- Towieg the sample to flow through a ‘tunnel trom a fixed neight into the mes sur, Tue fine agpregule is struck off, and iis mass is determined by weighing Uneompreted void content is ealsulated as the difference between the volume af the cylindrical measure and she absolvte ‘yolume oF the fine aggrenare collected in the measure, Uncompaeted suid eon tent is calealated sing the balk dry spe cific uravity of the fine aggregate, ‘Two rts are made on cach sample and the resus. are averaged. ALL For a graded sample (Method A. o¢ Method C) the percent void ventent 1S determined directly, and the avecage value from wo runs is reported. 4.1.2. For the individual size teav- sions (Method I), the mean percent void coulent is ealeulaled using the results stom tests of each of the thee individual size fractions SIGNIFICANCE AND USK 5.1_Methods A and B provide per eal void content determined under stan- Gaidized conditions wiiely depend ox the parole shape and texture of « fine aggregate, Au incwase in vol content by these procedures indiestes greater an- ularity, less sphericity, or rougher sur- face texture, er some combination uf the three factors, A decrease in void content resulls is associated wilh more roundedsphanesl, smooth surfaced fire aggre ale, oF 4 combination of these factors 5.2. Method C measures the une pacted void content of the migus 4.7 fom (No, 4) portion of the asereceived arena ‘This veid content depends on grading as well ay particle shape are xu: 3 The void conten determined en fhe Stands graded sarople (Method 4) fs not directly comparable with the aver ae void content of the three indivitual sire fractions from the sane sample rested separately (Method B). A sample consisting of single size panicles wall have a higher void content than a gcaded sample. Therefore, use either one method or the ether as & compurative measure of shape and texture, and identify which retod has been used 49 obsain the re. ported data, Method C docs aol side fan indication ot shape ard texture di recily ifthe areling from sample to sam= ple changes, £31 The standard graded sample (Metiwd A) is niost useful as a quick which indicates the pavticle shape ropenics of a graded fine aggregate “Typically. tke materia usa to make wp tne strvlord graded sample ean be ob- taived from she remaising, size fractions after performing a single sieve analysis a the fine aggregate. £2 Obtaining and testing individ val size fractions Method B) is muse time consuming and requires a larger inital sanople than using the grated som ple, However, Method B grovides alei- Horal tetoeniaton coreeming the shape an ses £33. Testing samples in the as-re- ceived grainy (Method C) ay be uel in seleesing proporions of components Used itt variety of mixuires. In general, high void content stages tal dhe mate> nal could be inyeoved by providing ad Uitional Ges in the fine aggregate or more cemicotitous moteiial may Ue needa © fil voids becween pirtctes £34 The bulk dy specific yravivy af the fine aggregate is used in calcula ing the void content, ‘The effectiveness cf these methods of detesninine void content and its relationship t0 paricle stape and textare depends om the bu specific gravity of the various size frac- Cons being equal, or nearly 50. The void content is acually @ function of the vole tic sliarcerisies af individual METLIODS Ol SAMPLING AND TESTING ume of each size fraction, Ifthe «ype of rock ot minerals, ies porosity, iu any of the size fractions vanes inarkedly it ay be necessary to determine the spe- cifie gravity of the size feactions sed jn the toot Sa Void content tafeswation frum Methods A, B, or C will be usetul as fan indicator of properties such us: the mizing water demand of hydraslic ce neat concrete; Howability, pumpabiliry or workability factors when formulating routs oF mortars, of, n bituminoys con crete, the effect’ of the fine aggre fon stability and voids in the minecal axugate; or the sebility of the fine ‘ggregate portion of a base course aygre- sa 6. APPARATUS G1 Cindvicad Measioe—A i cylinder OF amproximaaety 100m. cep ity having a inside diameter of aypoai- raalely 39 ram and an insice height of pproximetely 86 aun reads of davon coger wates tube meeting ASTM Spech fication B 88 Type M, oF B 8A M Type ©. The botion: of the measute shall be rnetal at least 6 rim thie, thle fs sealed 10 the bing, nd sball be prom vided with means (or aligning oie sais the cylinder with chat of the tunnel See Figure 62. Fonael Tre Ista surface of lhe eight frustam of @ cone sloped 60 = # iui the huxizontal sath an cpening of [27 = 046 mm diameter. The furl section shall be a piece of meta. araets cn the inside and at lesst 38 maa bigh i shall have a volume ofa least 200 tu sll be provided with 2 supplemenval slass or metal container 10 provide the required vole. See Figuee 2 Note 1—Pyenometer tap C8425 soll by Mogettozler znd Co, Ins. 9515 Gerwig, Co lumbia, AD 21043. 410-981-2390 i sate tory for the fumnel section, except hot the size of the opening Mas to ke enlarged and ty brs or fips that are spparent should be senoveil by High ling or aanding before use This pyouuinster Wop rail be wed With & snitnbie-gless jer widi de botkom removed Pique 2, 63. Funnel stand—A three or tour legged suspor capable of ltolding tie funnel firmly in position with the axis, R3 fof the funnel cotinear (withia «4° angle and a displacement ot & mm) witb the axis of the cylindrical measure, Tae fun- acl apening shall be 115 2 mm above the top of the eylinder A. nuitahle ar- is showa in Figure 2 a Glace Plaie—A square glass plate approximately 60 rnin by 80mm wiih a myininiien dom thickness used lo calitrwwe the eylindrical sioanire GS Por —A metal ox plasiic pan of sulfiient size 16 contain the fonnel stand and 1 prevent loss of material, Tae par- pose of the pan is to catch and retain Tine apereuute particles shat overtiow the measure dusing filing and strike 6 Meu spatule with a blade ap- proximately 100 mm lang, ansl at lease 20 mmm wide, with straight edges, The tnd ahall be cut at a right angle to the The stiaght edge oF ue spatula blatle 2s used (9 strike off the fine agwre ate, 6 readable 40.1 g withia the range uf use, capable oF weighing the cylindrical measure and its contenis. Seale or balance asourste and 7, SAMPLING. 7.1. ‘The samples) used for this ust stall be obtained using ASTM B72 and ASTM C 702, or from sieve analysis samples used for ASTM C 136, or from aggregate wetmaered trom a bituminous concrete specimen. For Metneds A and 1B, the sample is washed over u 130-an No. 100} oF 5-jm (No, 200) sieve in accordance will ASTM C 11H and then lived aad sieved into separate size fae lioas avcunding ASTM C136 proce dures, Maintain ie necessury se race luons obtained trom ene (or more) sieve analysis in a dry conditian in separite contsinars for each sige. For Method C ry a split of che as-received sample in accordance wilh the drying procedure 1p ASTM C 136 5. CALIBRATION OF CYLINDRICAL. MEASURE Bl Apply a fight cout of grease 16 the top edge ot he dry. empty cylintical measure, Weigh the measure. eresse, end aless plate. Fill the measure with freshly boiled, deionized warer at a temperatace of 18 t0 24° C, Record the temperatureTA METODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 304 Simm Asprox. of the water. Place the gluss plate on the Sm Approx | ncasare,heing sure tat no ait bubbles remain, Diy the outer sorfaces of the reawire and deteumine the combined nassof measure, a3 plate, grease, and water by weighing. Following the lial weighing, emave the gee, und doter- ‘corp Pies tine the sof the lean, ty, ety SN nese for sebsequt st . 8.2 Caloalete the volume of the mea- i sure as follows: sl M i = 1000 % where ¥ = volums of cylinder, al At net iss of water, D = density of water (sor table in ASTM © 20/0 20M for density at t the temperature used), Kein? Metal Plate ff Approx, Gmm dia. Diikied Hele ninth doprer 3mm beep Determine the volume 1 the nearest 0. see te centering Contalne mi. fon Matieg Dow Wt Canter Note —IF the volume of the measure is greater than 100 mi, iy be dasiable co & wind the uppar edge of the cylinde unt the volume iseracly 100.0 tosiapitysubao- qucateutewsatons oe ua er} /wamie 1 Benoa Cenore Seton rae 9. PREPARATION OF TEs SAMPLES | 2, 9.4 Method A—Stondard Graded CO immed t Sime "Wight nd conbio te following. quacties of fine agpregae wy ‘which hex boen de and sieved inacuor- i2708emée | dance with ASTM © 136 | tss2am perenne Individual Sie Fie Marg “Sos Sf) [remayoom enue a. E18 nan 1X. 16) “4 1.18 ma (0.16 (0620 ano, 30) ° 00 um iNo. 305 10-300 (8.5) % 200 pan Ne. 50) 1w 150 jm Qa. 100) ‘The toleranee on each of these amounts is 402 g. 92° Method Btnividual SiceT 308 Fractions—Prepare 4 separne 190g rample of fine aggregate, died und sieved in accontanes with ASTM C 136, {or each of the following size Irucions: eval Sins Pain Mas 2.36 mie 8. ve 1.18 mm G0. 16) 0 1.38 mn «0, 16) io 500 um (So, 30) wa (600 jm (Nv. 30) Jo 30D yum (0. 30 wo ‘The tolerance co each of these ameunls it +1 g.Donot mix these samples together Bach size is wested separacely 9.3 Method C—As Received Grad- ing Pass the sample (dhied in accor dance with ASTM C 136) theemgh 44.75- mam (No. 4) siave. Obtsin a 190 La, suple of the material passing the 4.75- mim (No. §) sieve for test 84 Specific Graviry of Fine Agere aie I the bulk dry specific geavity of Fine uggreguie from the source is. un known, detestine it on the aiinvs 4.75 mim (No. 4) material according 10 ASTM. 128. Lise this valae in subsequent cal- culations unless some size fractions differ bby more than 0.05 froma the specific grav ily typical of the complece sample, in ‘which ease the specific gravity of the fraction (or fractions) eing tested must be deteemined. An indicator of ditfer- ences in spacife gravity of various par clesives is acompatison of specific gray— ities run on the fine aggregate inatrerent gradings. Specific gravity can be cun on. lings with ans without speritic sire fractions of inerest. (f specific gravity differences sxzeed 0115, determine the specitic gravity of the individual 2.36 mm (No. 8) (0 130 Lm (No. 100) sizes for use with Method A or the individual size fractions for ase with Method either by eirect mensusemnent or by ealew hation using, the specific gravity data on gradings with and without the size frac- lion of interest. A difference in specitic gravity of 0.05 will change the calculated void content about one percent 10, PROCEDURE, 10:1 Mix each tose sample with the spatula unt it appears w be homogen fous. Position the jar und. funnel section in the stand and cenmer the eylindsical measure as shown in. Figure 2. Use a fingec to block the opening of the funnel, METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING Pour the test sample into the fuel Level the material in the fonmel with the spatula, Remove ce fiager aud allow the sample to fall freely into the cylindrical 102. After the funnel emptios,sbike= off exoass heaped fine aggregate From the cylindrical mweusure by a single pass ‘of the sparula with the width of the blade vertical using the straight part of sedge in light contact with the top of the mes. sure. Until this operation is complete, exercise care 10 avoid vibration of any disturbance that could cause compaction of the fine aggrepate in ihe cylindrical measure, (Note 3) Brush udherng grains from the outside of the contaiver an stemming the mass of the cylindrical measure and contents ttle nearest 0.1 Rorain all fine aggregate particles for s rovond test rus, Note 3—Afiur suaks-olfy rcesue way be tappeligbely © compa the sample to ruuke easter 19 (USEF the sovtainer to scale or badance without spline any of the sample 103. Revomnbine the sample from ihe retaining pan and cylindrical measure and repeat the procedse, ‘The results of twv0 runs ate averaged, See the Calcul tion section 10.4 Rovord tbe mass af the empty measure, Alco, for each sun, record the mast of tho monzure ard fins aggregate. 1, CALCULATION IL1 Cotculate the voids for & bneompacted 20 determination a follows v= Y= volume of eylindsies mL Pm not mass, g. of fine aggrogste in fueasute [gross amass nbAUS the mass of the empty measure), G = bulk dry specific gravy of fine sggregate LU = uneompacted voids, percent, in the uate. LL2 For the Standard Graded San ple (Method A) calculate the average ute compacted voids for the two determina tions and report the resull as U. 113. For the Individual Size Frac. ons (Method B) ealeulat: L131 Wiest, the aversge uncom: pocted vids for the determination enade ‘on each of the three size-flaction sam ples: U, = Uncompacred Voids, 2.36 in (No. 8) to 1.18 mm (No, 16), percent U, — Uncompacied Voids, 118 mm (No, 16) 10 600 jum (No. 30), percent U; = Uncompacted Voids, 00 j:m (No, 30) to 300 yan (No, 50), percent 1132 Second, the’ mean nooo pasted yids (U,y) iuclading ne results Tor all three sizes Uy = (U) + Us + Up 114 Fur Uie AsReceived grading (Metbod C) calculate the averaze uncer pavled voids for the two determinations and ceport the renult ay Ur. 12. REPORT ADA Vor the Siaindlurd! Graded Sem ple (Method A) report IDA1 The Uncompucted Voids (9 in percent to the necrest ove tenth of a (0.19%, 2 The specific iavity used in the calealations 12.2. For the Individual Stee Prac. tions (Method B) report the fallowing percent voids to the nearest one-tenth of A percent (0.196): 12.2.1 Uncompacted Voids for size fractions: (a) 2.36 mm (No. 8) to 118 sam (No. 16) (Ups (B) 118 mm (No, 16) 10 600 yum (No. 30) (U, and (eo) 600 pan (No. 31) to AOU am No, 50} Wp. 222 Wa: 12.2.3. Specific gravity value(s) used in the calculations, and whether the spe cific gravity value(s) were determine fon a graded semple othe individual size Sructions used in the test 12.3 For the As-keceived Sample (Method C) report 123.1 The uncompacted voids (Un) fn percent 10 the nearest oue-teath of a pereznt (01%), 123.2 The specific gravity value ised in the calculation, value Mean Uncompected Voids 13, PRECISION AND BIAS LBA Precision ABLL, ‘The single operator standard26 doviation has been found 1 be 6.13 pete cent voids (1S), using the graded stan- dard silica sanci as described in ASTM C718. Therefore, resulis af two properly ccongucted lests by the same operator oi Similar samples should not dilferby mom than 0.37 peiveal (D2S). 13.4.2 Ihe moltilaboratory standard deviation has been Found 0 be (133 per scent (15) using the standard fine agpre- guteasdescribad io ASTM 778. There- fore, resulls of two prperly conducted tosis by different Laboratories on similar METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING ‘samples should vot differ by more than 195 pereent (1928). ¥313 The above statements penain 10 Void contents determined on “graded slandsrd and” 9s deserited iu Spocilica- tion © 778, which is vonsidered romded, and is graded trom 600 jam (ND, 30) 10 150 pm (No. 100), and my nox be oy cal of other fine aanregates. Adlon) precision daa are needed for txts of fine eggeogates huving different levels (of angulsrity and vexcure cested in aevor= dance with this Test Method. 304 132 Bias—Since there is ay 20 cepted reference: material suitable for e- termining the bias for the procedures in this Test Method, bias has net been cerermined, 14, KEYWORDS, Angulasty: fine agerogutes particle shape; sand; surluee texture: Void con- ten