Synopsis of The Smart E-Learning Management System-4

SYNOPSIS OF THE SMART E-LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 BACKGROUND
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.4 DEFINITION OF (UNFAMILIAR) TERMS
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF E-LEARNING SYSTEM
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.7 PURPOSE, SCOPE, AND APPLICABILITY
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 OVERVIEW
2.2 INTRODUCTION
2.3 THE LITERATURE REVIEW PROCESS
2.4 LITERATURE REVIEW AIMS AND METHODS
2.5 ASSESSMENT IN RELATIONSHIP TO TEACHING AND LEARNING
ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT JOURNALS
CHAPTER 3: SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGY

3.1 TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR USER-END ANDROID APPLICATION
3.1.1 Introduction to Android
3.1.2 Features & Specifications
3.1.3 Background knowledge of Software
3.2 TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR ADMIN-END WEB APPLICATION
3.3 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER FOUR: REQUIREMENT METHODOLOGY AND

PLANNING & SCHEDULING
4.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION
4.2 PROBLEM ANALYSIS
4.2.1 Current system
4.2.2 The future system
4.3 METHODOLOGY
4.3.1 Research Design
4.3.2 Procedure
4.3.3 Data Collection Techniques
4.4 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
4.5 Feasibility Study

4.5.1 Feasibility Study
4.5.2 Economical Feasibility
4.5.3 Technical Feasibility
4.5.4 Operational Feasibility
4.6 PLANNING & SCHEDULING
CHAPTER FIVE: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA ACCORDING TO RESEARCH
QUESTIONS/HYPOTHESIS
5.3 RESPONDENT’S CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF COLLECTED
DATA
5.4 SYSTEM EVALUATION
5.4.1 Administrator
5.4.2 Lecture
5.4.3 Student
5.5 USER CASE DIAGRAM
5.6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
5.7 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM (ERD)
5.8 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
E-learning is instruction delivered over a network, a standalone computer, or the Internet.

E-learning is essentially the network-enabled transmission of knowledge and skills. E-
learning is the practise of learning through electronic tools and procedures. All forms of
learning and teaching facilitated by technology are referred to as e-learning. Information
and communication systems serve as a specific medium for carrying out the learning
process. Although technological advances continue in terms of equipment and
curriculum, these frequently include out-of-classroom and in-classroom learning
experiences. E-learning is the transfer of knowledge and skills made possible by
computers and networks. Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual learning
possibilities, and digital collaboration are all examples of e-learning processes and
applications. Internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video cassette, satellite TV, and CD-
ROM are only a few of the delivery methods for content. It can be either instructor-led or
self-paced. Education can be transformed by technology. Children can make best use of
it. To interact more with new media and to advance their knowledge, skills and abilities.
Many proponents of e-learning hold the opinion that everyone should possess a basic
understanding of technology and be able to use it as a tool to accomplish specific
objectives. The Industrial Age gave way to the Information Age, and now we are in the
Knowledge Age in the 20th century. Success and survival depend on the effective
management of knowledge. Organisations in the modern, fiercely competitive, and
extremely dynamic world. Effective collection, storage, Successful knowledge transfer,
retrieval, are often involved in traditional learning methods and many time failure
happens, but e-learning has the potential to effectively implement success management
The secret to realising our full potential is learning. As individuals, groups, and nations
in the twenty-first century, our ability to learn and the integration of what we learn into
our daily lives will determine our survival.
Employee learning practises could change as a result of e-learning. Learning will use
quicker, more modular, just-in-time delivery methods and become more linked with
business. E-learning is bridging the gap between learning and work by making use of
workplace technologies. Because they use the same tools and technologies for learning
and work, employees are better able to integrate learning into their work. E-learning will
lessen the growing divide between work and home life and between learning and
employment, as both employers and employees are aware.
Any firm wishing to increase the capacity and expertise of its workforce has the option of
using e-learning. There is a constant need to quickly train and retrain workers in new
technology, goods, and services found within the medical and healthcare industries due
to the rapid change in all sorts of working settings, particularly in those that are Any firm
wishing to increase the capacity and expertise of its workforce has the option of using e-
learning. There is a constant need to quickly train and retrain workers in new technology,
goods, and services available within the environment due to the rapid change in all sorts
of working environments, particularly medical and healthcare contexts. In order for the
knowledge base to be freely available and accessible to all stakeholders within the
workplace environment, there is also a constant and unrelenting requirement for
appropriate management and leveraging of it.
1.2 BACKGROUND
Web-based technology known as the Learning Management System (LMS) is a very
useful tool for maintaining an e-learning environment. Platforms for learning
management systems (LMS) include Schoology, Google Classroom, Edmodo, and
others. They allow students to study and learn wherever they want, whenever they want,
outside of the classroom. Additionally, students can open, evaluate, modify, remove, and
change their works utilising the Learning Management System (LMS). Additionally,
students can receive comments from both their professor and friends, which is incredibly
helpful for them to edit their work.
Most lecturers and/or teachers now instruct their students online using learning
management systems (LMS). The majority of the instructors in the English Department
use an online learning management system (LMS) to provide the students homework and
quizzes. It has been done in classes like Discourse Analysis, Micro Teaching,
Morphology and Syntax, Pedagogy, and Writing, among others. For the students to learn
and practise even when they are not in the classroom, the lecturers use an online learning
management system (LMS).
The Learning Management System (LMS), however, is merely a tool for assisting
students in their learning and practise outside of the classroom. Every medium has the
potential to be good or bad, including learning management systems (LMS). Learning
Administration has both benefits and drawbacks for individuals who have used it in the
past or who are currently using it.
As a result, it is crucial to understand how the students at Widya Mandala feel about
utilising the Learning Management System (LMS). Knowing the pupils' perceptions will
allow the writer to assess.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:

By enabling quick access to specialised knowledge and information, e-learning
represents a revolutionary change in the field of education. Through a variety of
electronic learning solutions, including Web-based courseware, online discussion groups,
live virtual courses, video and audio streaming, Web chat, online simulations, and virtual
mentorship, it offers online teaching that can be provided at any time and from any
location. By offering a unified virtual learning environment, e-learning enables firms to
overcome distance and other organisational obstacles. To remain competitive, businesses
must educate and train their partners, clients, employees, and suppliers. E-learning can
deliver this just-in-time training in an economical manner. One may need to connect the
dots between the goods and services offered by many suppliers in order to develop and
implement efficient E-Learning programmes. Identifying the objectives of the intended
learning solution is a good place to start. Definition of the goals of an E-Learning
solution is driven by the following factors:
• To Perform Task Analysis:

Establish the tasks that need to be taught, their associated subtasks and other
components, as well as the knowledge, abilities, and attitudes needed to complete
them successfully.
• To Perform Training Needs Analysis:

Determine who will receive the training. Determine the audience's knowledge,
skill, and attitude gaps and what the target learners need to know.
• To Review Existing Capabilities:
Examine current systems and infrastructure for delivering training or addressing
learning requirements.
• To Determine Expectations:
Identify specific demands for ROI and/or expectations from the desired e-
learning solution. Setting objectives is the first step in developing an E-Learning
plan. What is the goal of the E-Learning strategy? Being effective without a
thorough understanding of the objectives of the E-Learning approach would be
challenging, if not impossible.
Before implementing E-Learning, organizations need to set common goals or objectives.

Common goals and objectives include the following:
• To Reduce Learning Costs:
As a small business owner, you are aware that internet transactions are
significantly less expensive than those involving paper or personnel. Online
learning is similar in that there are no papers, delays, or travel expenses. These
types of training enable employees to immediately put what they have learnt to
use in their current tasks.
• To Motivate Employees:
E-learning is recognised as an effective strategy for keeping up with the latest
technology, sparking original thought, and motivating your staff.
• To Improve Flexibility Of Course Delivery:
Smaller businesses have fewer employees in charge of managing their training
and development initiatives. The use of e-learning technologies can remove these
administrative restrictions.
1.4 DEFINITION OF (UNFAMILIAR) TERMS

• Learning Management System (LMS):- A Learning Management System (LMS)
is a software application or web-based technology used to plan, implement, and
assess a specific learning process. Typically, a LMS provides an instructor with a
way to create and deliver content, monitor student participation, and assess student
performance
• Course Management System (CMS):- A course management system is a set of
tools that enables the instructor to create online course content and post it on the
Web without having to handle HTML or other programming language.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF E-LEARNING SYSTEM

Education can be transformed by technology. It must be used in the classroom in order to
enhance learning. Here are a few of the causes (and their importance/significance).
1. For better learning outcomes, students must be involved in what they are doing.
2. Gives children the opportunity to develop as thinkers, learners, and risk-takers in a
safe environment.
3. Learn not to rely on the teacher…be accountable themselves…become independent!
4. As it exposes pupils to the world outside of their hometown or small town, it broadens
the horizons of many kids.
5. Fits in with rural education, where students in small rural schools need not suffer
from isolation and distance because technology allows them to learn virtually and
maintain their subject choices, allows e.g. LOTE (languages other than English) and
other specialist subjects to be taught across schools by a virtual teacher.
6. Enables a mobile learning environment that may be used anywhere, whenever, and
however.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

Some of the key questions addressed by E-learning research are:
• How do E-learning strategies actually promote effective learning?

• Can technology be used successfully to simulate authentic tasks and
environments?
• What impacts do technology facilitated interaction and practice opportunities
have on student learning?
• What theories of learning support and emerge from E-learning practice?
• Are E-learning strategies affordable, practical and sustainable?
• Can E-learning help to promote objectives related to student access and
autonomy?
• How can quality standards be maintained in E-learning environments?
• What new teaching and study skills are required for E-learning and how can
they is promoted?
1.7 PURPOSE, SOPE AND APPLICABILITY
1. PROCESS:
The main objective of Learning Management Systems is to enhance the learning process.
A Learning Management System not only delivers content, but also handles registering
courses, course administration, skill gap analysis, tracking, and reporting. Most LMSs are
web based and are used in various educational institutes and companies to improve
classroom teaching, learning methodology, and company records. They are used in various
industries and scenarios like in financial services, compliance training, computer based
training, online assessment, collaborative learning, application sharing, and so on. Some
LMSs also include a performance management system which encompasses employee
appraisal, competency management, and skill gap analysis.
Using a Learning Management System makes things easier for you, as it helps plan the
training activities calendar which you can share with your learners, trainer, and co-
administrators. By doing this you can maintain and improve your training process. An LMS
also helps in getting trainer reports, which is a time consuming process when done
manually.
In this digital world the working system has totally changed. Today every employee is
engaged with a laptop or desktop, and with the help of Learning Management Systems you
make the training future ready; plus it becomes interesting and exciting for your target
audience.
Another purpose of using an LMS is that you can enhance performance through tracking and
reporting tools. New users’ progress can be tracked, records can be reviewed, and users can
register for more than one course. Learning can be done through web based training.
Management can access the records and calculate which area needs improvement. The
learners also become aware of the areas that need improvement and additional efforts, as
the weak performance areas, can be identified easily.
With the help of this feature one can track and check the skills set of the team members and
compare then against business goals.
2. SOPE:
A learning management system (LMS) is a software application for the administration,
documentation, tracking, reporting, automation and delivery of educational courses,
training programs, or learning and development programs.
The learning management system concept emerged directly from e-Learning. Although the
first LMS appeared in the higher education sector, the majority of the LMSs today focus on
the corporate market.
Learning Management Systems make up the largest segment of the learning system market.
Modern LMSs include intelligent algorithms to make automated recommendations for
courses based on a user's skill (competence) profile as well as extract meta-data from
learning materials in order to make such recommendations even more accurate.
Within the safety critical sector and following many high profile incidents – the tracking of
peoples competence and training history is key evidence for organizations to provide to
local and national HSE departments, both in the event of an incident or as part of an audit or
overall bid process to win a project.
Despite the fact that e-Learning has many advantages for both students and companies, it also
has drawbacks.
• Computer literacy and access to equipment:

Any e-Learning system requires some fundamental tools and a working knowledge of
computers in order to complete the activities specified by the system. A student
cannot complete an e-Learning programme successfully if they lack these abilities or
access to these resources.
• Some topics are not appropriate for e-Learning:
E-Learning is not a viable choice for some disciplines like sports and communication
skills because they demand physical effort and practise. However, for providing
background and technical information, e-Learning can be a helpful supplement to
traditional education.
• Students themselves can be a limitation to e-Learning:
The flexibility and student-centred nature of e-Learning requires a high level of
student responsibility. A successful e-Learning student must be well organized, self-
motivated, and have good time management skills. What you get out of an e-Learning
program is directly related to the amount of effort you put in.
3. APPLICABILITY
LMSes are beneficial to a wide range of organizations, including higher education
institutions and corporations. The primary use of a learning management system is for
knowledge management (KM). KM refers to the gathering, organizing, sharing and analysis
of an organization's knowledge in terms of resources, documents and people skills.
However, the specific role of the LMS will vary according to the organization's training
strategy and goals.
Some popular LMSes used by educational institutions include Moodle, Blackboard Learn and
Schoology. Popular enterprise-level LMSes include Adobe Captivate Prime, Docebo LMS,
TalentLMS, iSpring Learn and eFront.
Employee training and onboarding is one of the most common use cases for an LMS in a
corporate environment. In this case, the LMS is used to help train new employees by
providing opportunities to access training materials across various devices. New employees
can be recognized when they add their own knowledge and feedback, which will, in turn,
help employers understand how effective the training courses are and identify areas where
new employees need more assistance.
LMSes can be used for extended enterprise training purposes as well. This includes
customer, partner and member training. Customer training is common in software and
technology companies where users need to be taught how a system works before they can
use the new product. Providing ongoing customer training will also help improve customer
experience and increase brand loyalty.
Another common use of LMSes in corporate environments is for employee development

and retention. The LMS can be used to assign the necessary courses to current employees to
ensure they are developing effective job skills, remain informed about product changes and
maintain relevant knowledge through new product and compliance training.
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. OVERVIEW:
E-learning is among the most important explosion propelled by the internet transformation.
Although it has the inability to handle all functions of the institution such as some courses
that require practical skills and supervision but it also increases the interaction among
students and lectures which in turn will lead to achieve the learning goal as students are able
to access anywhere and anytime. Through electronic information and communications
technology, e-learning distributes content (ICTs). The usage of these facilities is said to
incorporate a variety of techniques, including computer-based operation networks, video and
audio conferencing, internet-based global websites, and computer-assisted training. The
possibilities for how, where, and when employees can engage in lifetime learning are
expanded by this distribution mechanism. An E-learning system therefore has more benefits
than limitations.
2.2. INTRODUCTION:
It is challenging to come up with a general term to define e-learning because different authors
use different terminologies, such as online learning, Internet learning, distributed learning,
networked learning, tele-learning, virtual learning, computer-assisted learning, web-based
learning, and distance learning, interchangeably with the term. The use of technology in the
delivery of teaching and learning is the common element throughout all these words.
But one author by the name of Naidu breaks e-learning down into the following modalities:
1. Individualized self-paced online e-learning where an individual learner accesses

learning materials online.
2. Individualized self-paced offline e-learning where an individual learner accesses
learning materials offline.
3. Synchronous group-based e-learning where a group of learners work together in real
time via intranet or Internet.
4. Asynchronous group-based e-learning where a group of learners work together
through Internet or intranet but their interactions are not done in real time.
This learning literature review will discuss learning that occurs offline among peers, learning
that occurs online utilising LMSs (e-learning), the various learning methods that occur online,
and their benefits and drawbacks.
2.3 THE LITERATURE REVIEW PROCESS:

I came up with relevant suggestions that could be improved upon using the literature review.
Additionally, I critically reflected on these concepts to assess their context, significance, and
place in the research. I frequently went back to the literature review throughout the course of
the study to update, improve, and add fresh data and observations.
I made an effort to look through recent, comparable, and relevant material in order to make
sense of the literature.
To decide whether to include or omit text from the literature review process, I utilised the
following criteria as a filter.
• Is the material relevant in this study?

• Is the proposed text by an author who was suggested by other author’s reputable
authority?
• Will the material augment the intellectual matrix of this study?
• Will the proposed text shed light on the issues raised in this research?
• Does the date of the material suggest that it is an up to date contribution in this field?
2.4 LITERATURE REVIEW AIMS AND METHODS:

This literature study has two basic objectives. The first goal is to define the elements and
significance of formative coursework evaluation. The second goal is to identify e-learning
strategies, tools, and methods for this kind of evaluation, to talk about what is known about
their efficacy, and to find out what influences uptake.
The primary texts that have influenced current philosophy on formative evaluation of student
work have been identified and analysed for the first goal. A thorough study of the e-learning
literature from 2001 to the present was done for the second goal.
The E-learning Centres offers classes on a variety of topics, both computer- and non-
computer-related. With the aid of video and flash media, the lessons are delivered as online
seminars. Every section of the class's curriculum includes an exercise. The E-Learning Center
provides online tutorials for web design that cover a wide range of topics, as well as general
computer applications and even certificates.
According to some authors they say that LMS in universities and in different organizations is
very wide spread because of the features they provide which simplify the management and
delivery of course content to students. Regardless of their wide use, their focus is more on the
delivery of content than on the learner. LMSs offer little or no opportunities for learners to
interact and collaborate on different works and to author content which can contribute to the
knowledge which is already available in the systems. LMS are mostly for people/students
who are already computer literati, but for those who don’t not have any computer skills have
a problem to adapt to the new learning system.
Here are some of the negative aspects of the research area form different source:-
1. Bright and independent students (learners) benefits from constructivist approaches

online.
2. Designing online courses may require more imagination and skill than traditional
courses.
3. Too many new topics could unintentionally shift the attention from important topics in
online discussions.
4. Online interaction cantered on information rather than constructing knowledge.
5. If collaboration serves no real purpose learners will end up learning in isolation.
In another researches it was found that to be effective, tertiary education should engage
learners as active participants in their learning. Achieving this means offering learners
opportunities for interaction in ways that can promote change and growth in the learner’s
conception of knowledge. Such pedagogies aim to encourage learners to become
autonomous lifelong learners, capable of problem solving and critical thinking, and to move
them from being passive recipients of information and knowledge to being active,
enthusiastic learners and knowledge creators.
Here are some of the positive aspects of the research area form different source:-
1. Solving problems through online discussions is more rewarding than face to face
discussions and fewer messages are generated.
2. The role for online lectures is critical to success.
3. Open-ended assignments tend to encourage deep thinking.
4. Knowledge acquired by means of repetition is transferred from short-term to long-term
memory.
5. It helps enhance the skill of independent learning, social skills, teamwork, thinking skill
and internet navigation skill.
Reading the titles and abstracts of chosen journal articles and papers in conference
proceedings was the primary strategy for finding pertinent materials. Although it takes more
time, this approach was chosen over keyword search since it offers a more complete way of
finding pertinent materials. Additionally, numerous databases underwent keyword searches.
This was done in order to cover a few extra conference publications and to double-check the
results of the initial search method.
Among the keywords used were: online marking, electronic submission, annotation,
marking, assessment mark-up, assessment marking, e-learning formative essay, essay mark-
up, formative assessment essay, and marking essay online.
2.5 ASSESSMENT IN RELATIONSHIP TO TEACHING AND

LEARNING ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT JOURNALS:
The importance of assessment in education must be understood in the broader context of
educational objectives, course design, and student motivation. Although a thorough
examination of these concerns is outside the purview of this literature review, some high-
level opening remarks can be made to set the stage for the parts that follow. Here are some of
the outcomes of the literature reviews I have gone through.
The first journal I referred to was:- student use of a learning management system for
group projects: a case study investigating interaction, collaboration, and knowledge
construction by Steven d. Lonn Web-based Learning Management Systems (LMS) allow
instructors and students to share instructional materials, make class announcements, submit
and return course assignments, and communicate with each other online. The results indicate
that students successfully used the LMS to interact and, to a significant extent, collaborate,
but there was very little evidence of knowledge construction using the LMS technology. "The
combination of learning principles and (LMS) tools … results in a learning environment that
is greater than simply the sum of its parts. This potential, often strived for but much less often
realized, continues to bring faculty and students to the (LMS) with an excitement and
determination that rests on the hope of deeper, more meaningful, engaged learning"
(Carmean & Haefner, 2002, pp. 34)
The second journal was: - The Educational Value of Integrating a Learning Management
System and a Social Networking Platform by Chikumbutso David Gremu. The use of
LMSs at universities and in different organizations is very wide spread because of the
features they provide which simplify the management and delivery of course content to
students. Regardless of their wide use, their focus is more on the delivery of content than on
the learner. LMSs offer little or no opportunities for learners to interact and collaborate on
different works and to author content which can contribute to the knowledge which is already
available in the systems.
The third journal was: - Academic and student use of a learning management system:
Implications for quality Debbi Weaver Christine Spratt and Chenicheri Sid Nair. Many
higher education institutions have implemented a learning management system (LMS) to
manage online learning and teaching, with varying levels of support provided to staff and
students, but often there is little subsequent investigation into the quality of the online sites or
the use made of the support structures provided.
The fourth journal was: - e-Learning and implications for New Zealand schools: a
literature review Report to the Ministry of Education by Noeline Wright. This e-Learning
literature review examined texts across a range of countries, but within a relatively short time
frame of the preceding five years. A range of criteria were used to select or eliminate studies
for closer review. E-Learning tools can motivate and engage students. These may be critical
factors leading to improved educational outcomes. Many young people are technologically
literate regarding social networking and using mobile technologies as everyday tools, but
they may still be neophytes when it comes to understanding how to use them in purposeful
and educationally oriented ways.
CHAPTER 3: SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGY

3.1TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR USER-END ANDROID
APPLICATION:
3.1.1 Introduction to Android

• Operating Systems have built up a ton in most recent 15 years. Beginning
from high contrast telephones to late advanced cells or scaled down PCs,
portable OS has come far away. Particularly for advanced cells, Mobile OS
has extraordinarily developed from Palm OS in 1996 to Windows take PC in
2000 at that point to Blackberry OS and Android.
• A standout amongst the most broadly utilized portable OS nowadays is

ANDROID. Android is a product bundle including working framework as
well as middleware and key applications. Android Inc. was established in
Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich digger, Nick burns and
Chris White in 2003. Later Android Inc. was obtained by Google in 2005.
After unique discharge there have been number of updates in the first form of
Android.
3.1.2. FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS:

• Android is a powerful Operating System supporting a large number of
applications in Smart Phones. These applications make life more comfortable
and advanced for the users. Hardware that supports Android is
mainly based on ARM architecture platform. Some of the current features
and specifications of android are:
• Android comes with an Android market which is an online software store. It

was developed by Google. It allows Android users to select, and download
applications developed by third party developers and use them. There are
around 2.0 lack+ games, application and widgets available on the market for
users.
• Android applications are written in java programming language. Android is
available as open source for developers to develop applications which can be
further used for selling in android market. There are around 200000 applications
developed for android with over 3 billion+ downloads. Android relies on Linux
version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management,
process management, network stack, and driver model. For software
development, Android provides Android SDK (Software development kit).
• The System is built on android platform making it easy to access. The official
Android tool chain from Google is leveraged to at least some degree by most of
these products, and it continues to be the most popular, well documented, and
best supported method of developing Android applications.
• The first thing you’ll need is to have a recent Java Development Kit (JDK)
installed (1.6 or later). Yes, you need the full JDK, not just a Java Runtime
Environment (JRE).
• Next, you’ll need the components from Google which can all be found with
installation instructions on Android Developer Site. These components consist of
the SDK, the Eclipse Android Developer Tools (ADT) plugin, and the Native
Development Kit (NDK). Naturally, you’ll also need Eclipse for the ADT plugin
to integrate with.
• If all this sounds too complicated, don’t fret. Google has recently combined the
SDK, Eclipse ADT Plugin, Eclipse and all the necessary Eclipse dependencies
along with
• Several additional components normally downloaded post-install through the
Android SDK Manager (The Android SDK Tools, Android SDK Platform-tools,
the latest Android platform and emulator system image) into a single download
called the ADT Bundle. This can save you a lot of headache and is probably the
quickest way to get started with native Android development.
• The SDK Tools contain some Java programs (such as the aforementioned
Android SDK Manager) and various command line tools. Google provides a list
of the tools/commands and their uses. The Eclipse ADT plugin integrates those
tools inside the Eclipse IDE so that you don’t have as much cognitive
dissonance switching in and out of your development environment.
• The NDK is used to compile and integrate C & C++ code into your application.
Generally, you won’t need to worry about this unless you’re a game developer,
but there are exceptions. It requires that you have GNU Make 3.81 or higher,
and GNU Awk or Nawk. On Windows, Cygwin is also required. Since Android
supports multiple processor architectures (ARMv5TE, ARMv7-A, x86, &

MIPS), the NDK includes everything you need to cross- compile.
• Once you’ve got your tools installed, you’re ready to start developing. If you
need more help, I recommend checking out Busy Coder’s Guide to Android
Development by Mark Murphy. It’s constantly updated with the latest changes.
With these sorts of tools readily available, finding the best fit for building your
Android application is easily attainable
3.1.3 Background knowledge of Software:

• Android:
Android is mobile OS developed by Google, supported a changed version of the
Linux kernel and alternative open source supply software package. And designed
primarily for bit screen mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets. In
addition, Google has more developed robot TV for televisions, robot automobile for
cars, and Wear OS for gliding joint watches, every with a specialised program.
Variants of robot also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and alternative
physical science.
Initially developed by robot Inc., that Google bought in 2005, robot was disclosed
in 2007, with the primary industrial robot device launched in September 2008. The
operating system has since gone through multiple major releases, with the current
version being 9.0 "Pie", released in August 2018. The core robot ASCII text file is
thought as robot Open Source Project (AOSP), and is primarily authorized below
the Apache License
• Android Architecture:
The Basic Architecture of Android is given Below:
Applications
Applications Framework
Libraries Android Runtime
Hardware Abstraction Layer

Linux Kernel
• The Linux Kernel:
Positioned at very cheap of the mechanical man code stack, the Unix Kernel
provides level of abstraction between the device hardware and also the higher
layers of the mechanical man codestack. Based on Unix version two.6, the
kernel provides preventive multitasking, low-level coresystem services like
memory, method and power management in additionally to providing a
network stack and device drivers for hardware like the device show, Wi-Fi and
audio.
• Android Runtime:
The Dalvik virtual machine was developed by Google and depends on the
underlying Unix kernelfor low-level practically. It is a lot of economical than the
quality Java VM in terms of memory usage, and specifically designed to permit
multiple instances to run expeditiously at intervals the resource constraints of a
mobile device.
• Android Runtime-Core Libraries:
The mechanical man Core Libraries (also mentioned because the Dalvik
Libraries) make up 3main categories:
• Dalvik VM Specific Libraries
• Java Interoperability Libraries
• Android Libraries
• Application Framework:
The Application Framework may be a set of services that together kind the
surroundings during which mechanical man applications run and are managed. This
framework implements the constructthat mechanical man applications are made
from reusable, interchangeable and replaceable elements. This concept is taken a
step more in this associate application is additionally able to publish its capabilities
alongside any corresponding information in order that they will be found and reused
by other applications.
• Applications:
Located at the highest of the humanoid code stack at the applications. These
comprise each thenative applications given the actual humanoid
implementation (for example browser and email applications) and therefore
the third-party applications put in by the user once purchasing the device.
There is associate endless list of latest options and enhancements in humanoid

Studio three.0 andwithin the new Gradle plugin.
• Kotlin programming language support
• Android profiler: memory, CPU, network
• Java 8 language features built-in
• Faster build times
• Device file explorer
• Android Instant Apps support
• Adaptive icon wizard
• XML and downloadable fonts
• Android Things support
Android Runtime-Core Libraries:
The mechanical man Core Libraries (also mentioned because the Dalvik
Libraries) make up 3main categories:
• Dalvik VM Specific Libraries
• Java Interoperability Libraries
• Android Libraries
Application Framework:
The Application Framework may be a set of services that together kind

the surroundings during which mechanical man applications run and are
managed. This framework implements the construct that mechanical man
applications are made from reusable, interchangeable and replaceable
elements. This concept is taken a step more in this associate application is
additionally able to publish its capabilities alongside any corresponding
information in order that they will be found and reused by other
applications.
Applications:
Located at the highest of the humanoid code stack at the applications. These comprise each
the native applications given the actual humanoid implementation (for example browser and
email applications) and therefore the third-party applications put in by the user once
purchasing the device.
There is associate endless list of latest options and enhancements in

humanoid Studio three.0 andwithin the new Gradle plugin.
•Kotlin programming language support
•Android profiler: memory, CPU, network
•Java 8 language features built-in
•Faster build times
•Device file explorer
•Android Instant Apps support
•Adaptive icon wizard
•XML and downloadable fonts
•Android Things support

•Layout editor improvements
•APK profiling and debugging
•Constraint Layout
These are some features of Android Studio.
Android Studio is definitely a step prior Eclipse, that lost its position in
but a year because the main IDE for humanoid application development
and have become died out.
This has been a huge publicity around it among android app developers
ever since Android Studiowas announced in 2013, and without doubt
Android Studio meets up to nearly all expectations.
Because of these, I chose Android Studio for my project.

3.2 TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR ADMIN-END WEB APPLICATION:
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Front End
• HTML:
HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup language

used to create web pages.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in

angle brackets (like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1>
and </h1>, although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for
example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end
tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags). Though not always
necessary, it is best practice to append a slash to tags which are not paired with a
closing tag.
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into
visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but
uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a
website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language
rather than a programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and
objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a
means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such
as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts
written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web
pages.
• CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS):
It is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a
document written in a markup language. While most often used to style web pages
and interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any
kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a
cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets
to describe their presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from

document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts.[1]
This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and
control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to
share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content .
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for
different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by
a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It
can also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the
screen size or device on which it is being viewed. While the author of a document
typically links that document to a CSS file, readers can use a different style sheet,
perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one the author has specified.
However if the author or the reader did not link the document to a specific style
sheet the default style of the browser will be applied
• JAVASCRIPT:
JavaScript is the scripting language of the Web. All modern HTML pages are using
JavaScript. A scripting language is a lightweight programming language .JavaScript
code can be inserted into any HTML page, and it can be executed by all types of
web browsers. JavaScript is easy to learn.
WHY TO USE JAVASCRIPT?
JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn:
1. HTML to define the content of web pages

2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages
3. JavaScript to specify the behavior of web pages
Example
x =document.getElementById("demo"); //Find the HTML element with id="demo"
x.innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript"; //Change the content of the HTML element
document. getElementById() is one of the most commonly used HTML DOM
methods.
OTHER USES OF JAVASCRIPT:
• Delete HTML elements

• Create new HTML elements
• Copy HTML elements
In HTML, JavaScript is a sequence of statements that can be executed by the web

browser.
JAVASCRIPT STATEMENTS:
• JavaScript statements are "commands" to the browser.

• The purpose of the statements is to tell the browser what to do.
• This JavaScript statement tells the browser to write "Hello Dolly" inside an
HTML element with id="demo":Semicolon;
• Semicolon separates JavaScript statements.
• Normally you add a semicolon at the end of each executable statement.
• Using semicolons also makes it possible to write many statements on one line.
JAVASCRIPT CODE:
• JavaScript code (or just JavaScript) is a sequence of JavaScript statements.

• Each statement is executed by the browser in the sequence they are written.
• This example will manipulate two HTML elements:
• Example
• document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="HelloDolly";
document.getElementById("myDIV").innerHTML="How are you?";
JAVASCRIPT PROPERTIES:
• Properties are the values associated with a JavaScript object.

• A JavaScript object is a collection of unordered properties.
• Properties can usually be changed, added, and deleted, but some are read only.
Back End
MySQL:
MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation. MySQL is

a database system used on the web it runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both
small and large applications. It is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. It supports
standard SQL. MySQL can be compiled on a number of platforms.
The data in MySQL is stored in tables. A table is a collection of related data, and it
consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when storing information
categorically.
FEATURES OF MySQL:
Internals and portability:
• Written in C and C++.
• Tested with a broad range of different compilers.
• Works on many different platforms.
• Tested with Purify (a commercial memory leakage detector) as well as with Val
grind, a GPL tool.
• Uses multi-layered server design with independent modules.
• Security:
• A privilege and password system that is very flexible and secure, and that
enables host-based verification.
• Password security by encryption of all password traffic when you connect to a
server.
• Scalability and Limits:
• Support for large databases. We use MySQL Server with databases that contain
50 million records. We also know of users who use MySQL Server with
200,000 tables and about 5,000,000,000 rows.
• Support for up to 64 indexes per table (32 before MySQL 4.1.2). Each index
may consist of 1 to 16 columns or parts of columns. The maximum index width
is 767 bytes for InnoDB tables, or 1000 for MyISAM; before MySQL 4.1.2, the
limit is 500 bytes. An index may use a prefix of a column for CHAR,
VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT column types
CONNECTIVITY:
Clients can connect to MySQL Server using several protocols:
• Clients can connect using TCP/IP sockets on any platform.

•
• On Windows systems in the NT family (NT, 2000, XP, 2003, or Vista), clients
can connect using named pipes if the server is started with the --enable-named-
pipe option. In MySQL
• 4.1 and higher, Windows servers also support shared-memory connections if
started with the --shared-memory option. Clients can connect through shared
memory by using the -- protocol=memory option.
• On UNIX systems, clients can connect using Unix domain socket files.
LOCALIZATION:
• The server can provide error messages to clients in many languages.
• All data is saved in the chosen character set.
CLIENTS AND TOOLS:
• MySQL includes several client and utility programs. These include both
command-line programs such as mysqldump and mysqladmin, and
graphical programs such as MySQL Workbench.
• MySQL Server has built-in support for SQL statements to check, optimize, and
repair tables. These statements are available from the command
line through the mysqlcheck client. MySQL also includes myisamchk, a very
fast command-line utility for performing these operations on MyISAM tables.
• MySQL programs can be invoked with the --help or -? option to obtain online
assistance.
WHY TO USE MySQL?
• Leading open source RDBMS

• Ease of use – No frills
• Fast
• Robust
• Security
• Multiple OS support
• Free
• Technical support
• Support large database– up to 50 million rows, file size limit up to 8 Million TB
Programming Language
PHP:
WHAT IS PHP?
• PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor"

• PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
• PHP scripts are executed on the server
• PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use
WHAT IS PHP FILE?
• PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
• PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as
plain HTML
• PHP files have extension ".php"
WHAT CAN PHP DO?
• PHP can generate dynamic page content

• PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
• PHP can collect form data
• PHP can send and receive cookies
• PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
• PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website
• PHP can encrypt data
With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and
even Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.
WHY PHP?
• PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)
• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
• PHP supports a wide range of databases
• PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net
3.3 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Software Requirement
System requirements are what are necessary for a client to install the web application in their
system and be used hopefully without any difficulties. The aim of this is to help clients make
sure they have all required tools or equipment.
With analysis there are some objectives for hardware, software and any other thing that
would be the minimum requirements to install the system. The minimum requirements are as
follows.
1. For User End Application:

Software Requirement
• OPERATING SYSTEM : Android (Ice Cream Sandwich or Higher)
• FRONT END : XML, JAVA
• BACK END : SQLite DB
Hardware Specifications
• PROCESSOR: Dual Core
• RAM: MIN 2GB
• HARD DISK : 80GB
2. For Admin –End Web Panel:

Hardware Requirements For Present Project:
• PROCESSOR : Intel dual Core, i3
• RAM: 1 GB
Software requirements for present project:

• OPERATING SYSTEM : Windows 7/ XP/8
• FRONT END : Html, CSS, java script.
• SERVER-SIDE SCRIPT : php
• DATABASE : MySQL
CHAPTER FOUR: REQUIREMENT

METHODOLOGY AND PLANNING &
SCHEDULING
4.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION:
While learning online offers the ultimate freedom to organise your studies around your
private and professional commitments, it can lead to complacency and a false sense of
security if the appropriate dedication and time is not set aside for serious study.
4.2 PROBLEM ANALYSIS
4.2.1 Current system

The current situation is very limited to few resources, students are unable to get knowledge
more than that the lecture provides to them. This in the end limits student’s performances,
because everything a student gets is collected from lectures in class.
Here are some of the problems of the current system:
• Students turn in their homework for lectures either on paper or by email.

• Only when lectures are held in the students' offices do students receive assistance from
them.
• New lectures to a course have to get materials on their own.
• Students must physically be present in the classroom in order to learn, foregoing all
other obligations.
• Students are unable to share resources effectively and hold group discussions that are
monitored or supervised by lectures.
4.2.2 The future system:

The system will hopefully act as a central repository for the university's course syllabi,
making them accessible to students and faculty (past, present, and future). By allowing
access to information and other resources at any time and from any location, the system will
ultimately facilitate effective communication between the students, instructors, and
administration.
Here are some expected results of the project:

• Lectures to upload assignments and resources for their units.

• Students to download the resources and upload assignments.
• It provides an easy-to-use way to manage course websites that include schedule
information, announcements, as well as course discussions.
4.3 METHODOLOGY:
Methodology is the study of research methods. However, the term can also refer to the
methods themselves or to the philosophical discussion of associated background assumptions.
A method is a structured procedure for bringing about a certain goal.
4.3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN:

The qualitative approach, which will enable the study to explore the data required to develop
an effective yet efficient system, has been found to be the best method at this stage of the data
analysis process.
A qualitative research is a methodical, subjective strategy used to explain and give meaning
to life events. Its major objective is to gain understanding and examine the richness, depth,
and complexity of the topic under study.
4.3.3 PROCEDURE:
One month should be sufficient for both the interviewer and the respondent to send their
questions and responses for submission before the study is conducted. It will take two months
to complete the project preparation, which includes submitting the project documents. Users,
including students, lecturers, and some professional system developers, will be continuously
consulted throughout the creation of the interface and the entire system.
4.3.4 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES:

To answer specified research questions, test hypotheses, and assess results, data collection is
the act of acquiring and measuring information on variables of interest in a systematic and
defined manner. A formal process for gathering data is required because it ensures that the
data are defined, accurate, and that decisions made in the future based on the findings are
sound.
An important component of any form of research study is the method, which offers a baseline
from which to measure improvements and, in some circumstances, a target on what to
improve. Inaccurate data collecting can affect a study's findings and eventually provide
unreliable findings.
Questionnaires and interviews were the optimal data collection methods for this study, thus
those were the ones that were used.
Questionnaires: Here, information is gathered by presenting a respondent with a list of

questions intended to elicit particular details. It is possible to use paper-and-pencil
questionnaires or online questionnaires.
Interviews: In this situation, information is gathered by having a conversation with the

interviewee. The discussion can take place over the phone, in person, or using computer-
assisted personal interviewing.
4.4 Software Requirement Analysis:

The purpose of the software requirement specification is to establish a learning
platform for the users in order to be aware of the basic words being used in our
daily lives. Software Requirement Specification is the medium through which the
user needs are accurately specified. It forms the basis of software development.
The necessary hardware and software required for the development of the proposed
application are:
Software Hardware
Android Studio Dual Core
SQL (Database Server) 1 GB RAM
4.5 FEASIBILITY STUDY:

After doing the project, study and analysing all the existing or required functionalities of the
system, the next task is to do the feasibility study for the project. All projects are feasible -
given unlimited resources and infinite time. Feasibility study includes consideration of all the
possible ways to provide a solution to the given problem. The proposed solution should
satisfy all the user requirements and should be flexible enough so that future changes can be
easily done based on the future upcoming requirements.
4.5.1 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY:

This is a very important aspect to be considered while developing a project. We decided the
technology based on minimum possible cost factor.
• All hardware and software cost has to be borne by the organization.

• Overall we have estimated that the benefits the organization is going to receive from
the proposed system will surely overcome the initial costs and the later on running
cost for system.
The assessment team was informed of the total cost statistics in this report, which are a
current picture of the LMS expenses minus self-hosting and migration costs. The
advantages of the LMS are anticipated to outweigh any potential costs, such as hosting
upkeep.
4.5.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:

This included the study of function, performance and constraints that may affect the ability
to achieve an acceptable system. For this feasibility study, we studied complete functionality
to be provided in the system, as described in the System Requirement Specification (SRS),
and checked if everything was possible using different type of frontend and backend
platforms.
In the LMS, The system must have a virtual learning community that offers students
professional templates and training, as well as development tools for faculty. Students and
faculty must have access to online help desk services that include chat, email, phone, and a
tailored support portal that is available 24/7/365.
4.5.3 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:

No doubt the proposed system is fully GUI based that is very user friendly and all inputs to
be taken all self-explanatory even to a layman. Besides, a proper training has been conducted
to let know the essence of the system to the users so that they feel comfortable with new
system. As far our study is concerned the clients are comfortable and happy as the system has
cut down their loads and doing.
• Ease of Use: - The system should have a greater level of instructor and administrator
perceived application functionality and the LMS must include components that make
it simple to utilise.
• Scalability: - the LMS must be able to report on the number of active course, users,
and average course size and storage capacity on their LMS. It should be able to hold a
lot of actives but still be able to use a less storage capacity
SUMMARY
The main aim and focus of this study is to find out what will help in the creation and
designing of an eLearning service called a Course Repository. The specific objectives of this
study include the following
Firstly to investigate the challenges the university faces with the current system.
Secondly is to find out the requirements of the university that will be needed in the new
system and how will it meet with the business objectives of the university.
Thirdly is to find out whether the new system will benefit the university more than the current
system.
Fourth is to find out how to make the new system user friendly i.e. to the students, lectures
and others
4.6 PLANNING & SCHEDULING:
GANTT CHART:
A Gantt chart could be a kind of bar graph that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt chart
illustrate the beginning and end dates of the terminal parts and outline parts of a project.
A Gantt chart, or harmonogram, is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. This
chart lists the tasks to be performed on the vertical axis, and time intervals on the horizontal
axis. The width of the horizontal bars in the graph shows the duration of each activity. Gantt
charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a
project. Terminal elements and summary elements constitute the work breakdown structure
of the project. Modern Gantt charts also show the dependency (i.e., precedence network)
relationships between activities. Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule status
using percent-complete shadings and a vertical "TODAY" line as shown here.
Gantt charts are usually created initially using an early start time approach, where each task is
scheduled to start immediately when its prerequisites are complete. This method maximizes
the float time available for all tasks.
The following phases are covered in Gantt chart:
1. Planning Phase
1.1 Define the problem
1.2 Produce Project Schedule
1.3 Launch the Project
2. Analysis Phase
2.1 Gather Information
2.2 Define System Requirements
3. Design Phase
3.1 Complete Application Design
3.2 Design User Interfaces
3.3 Design & Integrate Database & System Controls

4. Coding phase
4.1 Writing code for modules &integrating modules
4.2 Testing & Implementation

CHAPTER FIVE: PRESENTATION,

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter will outline the research questions, attempt to provide an explanation, identify
patterns, and explore the relationships between the various variables. It presents the research
project's conclusions as well as the population's general characteristics. It displays the
findings of a survey done to determine the efficacy of the course repository, an E-Learning
system.
This chapter also explains and shows the backbone of the system by showing you the
database design, user case diagrams for administrators, lectures and students. It explains how
each user of the system can use the system with easy. How they can start from logging in,
what they can do in the system and to logging out.
5.2 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA ACCORDING TO

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
The data for this study were gathered by means of a survey of the studied group . The
survey instructed students to provide feedback about their experiences with the e-learning
system. A total participant in this study was 346 university medical staff members. Most
of the participants are females (87.9%) with a mean age of 47 years most of them are
married (72%). Most of the staff members live in the same city where they work (76%)
with a mean of 19 years of teaching experience, and more than half of them (63.9%) were
from the basic science departments. Half of the teaching staff are professors (52%) and
taught online courses before (40.2%) for more than 2 years and taught both theoretical
and practical sessions (Table 1).
5.3 RESPONDENT’S CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF

COLLECTED DATA
Table 1. Socio-demographic data of the studied group.

5.4 SYSTEM EVALUATION:

By the time this system is fully implemented, it is hoped that 97 percent of the issues with the
existing system will be fixed, and that it will satisfy all user requirements and be user-friendly
because users were included at every stage of the system's development.
The administrator, the lecture, and the student are the three primary users in this system. Each
of these users has a specific responsibility and role they may carry out within the system. The
system has been built to keep an eye on these things because it cares about privacy
protection.
5.4.1 ADMINISTRATOR:
The system administrator will have complete access rights to the system, whereas
other users will not be able to utilise it. Some of these include adding (department,
faculties), deleting (users), assigning roles to users (who are the Admin, lecture, or
student), and finally creating users.
5.4.2 LECTURE:
The lecturer will be granted access to upload and download files, post information
about tests, classes, and assignments, launch blogs for discussions, and upload
results (coursework).
5.4.3 STUDENT:
Less privileges will be granted to the student, who will still be able to upload and
download files, comment on blogs created by lecturers, read posts by lecturers and
administrators, and view their coursework.
5.5 USER CASE DIAGRAM:

In the Unified Modeling Language (UML), a use case diagram can summarize the details of
your system's users (also known as actors) and their interactions with the system. To build
one, you'll use a set of specialized symbols and connectors. An effective use case diagram
can help your team discuss and represent:
• Scenarios in which your system or application interacts with people, organizations, or

external systems
• Goals that your system or application helps those entities (known as actors) achieve
• The scope of your system
USE CASE DIAGRAM COMPONENTS

• Actors: The users that interact with a system. An actor can be a person, an
organization, or an outside system that interacts with your application or system. They
must be external objects that produce or consume data.
• System: A specific sequence of actions and interactions between actors and the
system. A system may also be referred to as a scenario.
• Goals: The end result of most use cases. A successful diagram should describe the
activities and variants used to reach the goal.
USE CASE DIAGRAM SYMBOLS AND NOTATION

• Use cases: Horizontally shaped ovals that represent the different uses that a user
might have.
• Actors: Stick figures that represent the people actually employing the use cases.
• Associations: A line between actors and use cases. In complex diagrams, it is
important to know which actors are associated with which use cases.
• System boundary boxes: A box that sets a system scope to use cases. All use cases
outside the box would be considered outside the scope of that system. For example,
Psycho Killer is outside the scope of occupations in the chainsaw example found
below.
• Packages: A UML shape that allows you to put different elements into groups. Just as
with component diagrams, these groupings are represented as file folders.
.
1. ADMINISTRATOR USER CASE DIAGRAM:

2. LECTURE USER CASE DIAGRAM:
3. STUDENT USER CASE DIAGRAM:

5.6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:
A data flow diagram (DFD) maps out the flow of information for any process or system. It
uses defined symbols like rectangles, circles and arrows, plus short text labels, to show data
inputs, outputs, storage points and the routes between each destination. Data flowcharts can
range from simple, even hand-drawn process overviews, to in-depth, multi-level DFDs that
dig progressively deeper into how the data is handled. They can be used to analyze an
existing system or model a new one. Like all the best diagrams and charts, a DFD can often
visually “say” things that would be hard to explain in words, and they work for both technical
and nontechnical audiences, from developer to CEO. That’s why DFDs remain so popular
after all these years. While they work well for data flow software and systems, they are less
applicable nowadays to visualizing interactive, real-time or database-oriented software or
systems.
SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS USED IN DFDS
Three common systems of symbols are named after their creators:

• Yourdon and Coad
• Yourdon and DeMarco
• Gane and Sarson
One main difference in their symbols is that Yourdon-Coad and Yourdon-DeMarco use
circles for processes, while Gane and Sarson use rectangles with rounded corners, sometimes
called lozenges. There are other symbol variations in use as well, so the important thing to
keep in mind is to be clear and consistent in the shapes and notations you use to communicate
and collaborate with others.
Using any convention’s DFD rules or guidelines, the symbols depict the four components of
data flow diagrams.
• External entity: an outside system that sends or receives data, communicating with
the system being diagrammed. They are the sources and destinations of information
entering or leaving the system. They might be an outside organization or person, a
computer system or a business system. They are also known as terminators, sources
and sinks or actors. They are typically drawn on the edges of the diagram.
• Process: any process that changes the data, producing an output. It might perform
computations, or sort data based on logic, or direct the data flow based on business
rules. A short label is used to describe the process, such as “Submit payment.”
• Data store: files or repositories that hold information for later use, such as a database
table or a membership form. Each data store receives a simple label, such as “Orders.”
• Data flow: the route that data takes between the external entities, processes and data
stores. It portrays the interface between the other components and is shown with
arrows, typically labeled with a short data name, like “Billing details.”
NOTATIONS:
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:

5.7 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM (ERD)
ERD stands for entity relationship diagram. People also call these types of diagrams ER
diagrams and Entity Relationship Models. An ERD visualizes the relationships between
entities like people, things, or concepts in a database. An ERD will also often visualize the
attributes of these entities.
By defining the entities, their attributes, and showing the relationships between them, an ER
diagram can illustrate the logical structure of databases. This is useful for engineers hoping to
either document a database as it exists or sketch out a design of a new database.
STYLES OF CARDINALITY
Cardinality is the mathematical sense just means the number of values in a set.
Inrelationship to databases and ERD, cardinality specifies how many instances of an entity
relate to one instance of another entity. Ordinality is also closely linked to cardinality. While
cardinality specifies the occurrences of a relationship, ordinality describes the relationship as
either mandatory or optional. In other words, cardinality specifies the maximum number of
relationships and ordinality specifies the absolute minimum number of relationships.
In other words, there will be multiple instances of each entity in a database. Cardinality
allows you express the number of each entity that can be associated with another entity. For
example, in an employee database, a manager will have multiple employee reports (in a one
to many relationship), but an employee will only have one ID number (a one to one
relationship). There are three main types of relationships in a database expressed using
cardinality notation in an ER diagram.
• one-to-one
• one-to-many
• many-to-many
NOTATIONS:
ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

5.8 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
The Unified Modeling Language includes several subsets of diagrams, including structure
diagrams, interaction diagrams, and behavior diagrams. Activity diagrams, along with use
case and state machine diagrams, are considered behavior diagrams because they describe
what must happen in the system being modeled.
Stakeholders have many issues to manage, so it's important to communicate with clarity and
brevity. Activity diagrams help people on the business and development sides of an
organization come together to understand the same process and behavior. You'll use a set of
specialized symbols—including those used for starting, ending, merging, or receiving steps in
the flow—to make an activity diagram, which we’ll cover in more depth within this activity
diagram guide.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
Before you begin making an activity diagram, you should first understand its makeup. Some
of the most common components of an activity diagram include:
• Action: A step in the activity wherein the users or software perform a given task.
actions are symbolized with round-edged rectangles.
• Decision node: A conditional branch in the flow that is represented by a diamond. It
includes a single input and two or more outputs.
• Control flows: Another name for the connectors that show the flow between steps in
the diagram.
• Start node: Symbolizes the beginning of the activity. The start node is represented by
a black circle.
• End node: Represents the final step in the activity. The end node is represented by an
outlined black circle.
NOTATIONS:
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

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SYNOPSIS OF THE SMART E-LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER 3: SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER FOUR: REQUIREMENT METHODOLOGY AND

4.5 Feasibility Study

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

E-learning is instruction delivered over a network, a standalone computer, or the Internet.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:

• To Perform Task Analysis:

• To Perform Training Needs Analysis:

Before implementing E-Learning, organizations need to set common goals or objectives.

1.4 DEFINITION OF (UNFAMILIAR) TERMS

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF E-LEARNING SYSTEM

1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

• How do E-learning strategies actually promote effective learning?

1.7 PURPOSE, SOPE AND APPLICABILITY

• Computer literacy and access to equipment:

Another common use of LMSes in corporate environments is for employee development

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Individualized self-paced online e-learning where an individual learner accesses

2.3 THE LITERATURE REVIEW PROCESS:

• Is the material relevant in this study?

2.4 LITERATURE REVIEW AIMS AND METHODS:

1. Bright and independent students (learners) benefits from constructivist approaches

2.5 ASSESSMENT IN RELATIONSHIP TO TEACHING AND

CHAPTER 3: SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGY

3.1.1 Introduction to Android

• A standout amongst the most broadly utilized portable OS nowadays is

3.1.2. FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS:

• Android comes with an Android market which is an online software store. It

supports multiple processor architectures (ARMv5TE, ARMv7-A, x86, &

3.1.3 Background knowledge of Software:

The Basic Architecture of Android is given Below:

Libraries Android Runtime

Hardware Abstraction Layer

• The Linux Kernel:

• Dalvik VM Specific Libraries

• Java Interoperability Libraries

There is associate endless list of latest options and enhancements in humanoid

• Kotlin programming language support

• Android profiler: memory, CPU, network

• Java 8 language features built-in

• Faster build times

• Device file explorer

• Android Instant Apps support

• Adaptive icon wizard

• XML and downloadable fonts

• Android Things support

Android Runtime-Core Libraries:

• Dalvik VM Specific Libraries

• Java Interoperability Libraries

The Application Framework may be a set of services that together kind

There is associate endless list of latest options and enhancements in

•Kotlin programming language support

•Android profiler: memory, CPU, network

•Java 8 language features built-in

•Faster build times

•Device file explorer

•Android Instant Apps support

•Adaptive icon wizard

•XML and downloadable fonts

•Android Things support

•Layout editor improvements