18-10-2022

18-OCTOBER-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 18th October 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1
‘Stem cell tech offers new hope for treatment of rare genetic - - - 3 -
disorders’
2
About 41.5 crore Indians out of multi-dimensional poverty since 12 10 12 12 10
2005-06
3 Today’s weapon of choice, its expanding dimensions (Editorial) 8 6 6 8 6

T& T& T& T&

4 How does tokenisation prevent online card fraud? (Text & Context) C1 C1
8
C1 C1

5 At DefExpo, India to pitch military tools to Africa, IOR countries 11 9 11 11 9

6 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
7 Mains Practice Questions
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram
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Pg: 3 – Hyderabad
edition

Cells present in the body

• Specialized cells

Has specific capabilities which allow

them to perform certain tasks.

For example - Red blood cell

carrying oxygen (specific function).

• Unspecialized cells.

Properties of stem cells

• Undifferentiated cells.

• Capable of self-renewal.

• Present in both adults and children.

 18-10-2022

Types of Stem Cells

• Embryonic stem cells

Supply new cells for

an embryo as it grows and
develops into a baby.

Pluripotent - can change

into
any cell in the body.

• Adult stem cells

Induced pluripotent stem cells
Supply new cells as an organism grows
• Stem cells made in the lab.
Replace damaged cells
• Normal adult cells reprogrammed to become
Multi-potent - develop into multiple specialised stem cells.
cell types present in a specific tissue or
• Pluripotent - develop into any cell.
organ.
• Created from the tissue of the same
patient.
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Significance

• Avoids immune system rejection.

• No ethical implication issues.

• Study of diseases outside a living

organism.

• Testing of drugs on a human model

without endangering anyone.

• Tissue replacement for diseased &

damaged cells in a body.

Stem cell therapy

• Type of regenerative medicine.

• Regenerate & repair damaged tissues.

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Practice Question – Prelims

Benefits of Stem cells
Q. With reference to stem cells, Consider
• Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases the following statements:
Stem cells - adult bone marrow - repair 1. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent
blood vessels & heart.
in nature.
2. Totipotent stem cell has the ability to
• Help heal incisions & wounds
develop into a complete organism.
Enhances growth of new healthy skin
Which of the statements given above
tissue, stimulate hair development after is/are correct?
incisions or loss.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Poverty

• State or condition - a person or

community lacks financial resources &
essentials for a min. std. of living.

• Income from employment - so low -

basic human needs can't be met.

Pg: 12 – C, D, H;
Pg: 10 – B, T;
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 18-10-2022

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

• Released annually by UNDP & OPHI

UNDP - United Nations

Development Programme.

OPHI - Oxford Poverty &

Human Development
Initiative.

• Rural poor - 21.2 %

• Urban poor - 5.5 %

Poverty status in India
• 20.5 crore of 22.9 crore poor people - live
• Country with most number of people
in rural areas.
suffering from poverty.
Poverty Alleviation
• Poor people population in India declined
from 55.1% in 2005-06 to 16.4% in 2019-21. • Improves the quality of life for poor.

• 41.5 crore - exited poverty between 2005

& 2021.

14 crore since 2015 and 2019.

• Current population - around 22.8 crore.

 18-10-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to Multidimensional Poverty
Index (MPI), Consider the following
statements:
1. It is released by United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) and
World Food Programme (WFP) .
2. India has the most number of population
under poverty worldwide, while South
Asia has the largest share of poor
population in the world.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Pg: 8 – C, D, H;
Pg: 6 – B, T;
 18-10-2022

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
• Current events of national and international importance.
• Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights
Issues, etc.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-IV
General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and
Disaster Management.
• Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
• Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking
sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.

Editorial Cyber-attack
• Most targeted - Military assets. • Attempt to gain unauthorized access to a

• Grey zone warfare - exploitation of computer or computer network with the

operational space between peace & war. intent to cause damage.

• To change existing state of affairs through • To disable, disrupt, destroy or control

coercive actions. computer systems or to alter, block, delete,

manipulate or steal data.

• Cybercriminals - people carrying out cyber-

attacks.
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Types and threats

• Malware - software designed to cause damage to a computer, server, or computer network.

Eg - Ransomware, Spy ware, Worms, viruses, and Trojans.

• Phishing - method of gathering personal information.

Using deceptive e-mails and websites.

• Social engineering - human interaction to trick

users into breaking security procedures.

Examples Cyber security

• Union Bank of India heist. • Practice of defending computers, servers,

mobile devices, electronic systems, networks,
• Used phishing email to access credentials
and data from malicious cyber-attacks.
for executing a fund transfer.

• Wannacry Ransomware attack - computers

locked down by ransom-seeking hackers. Cybercrime

• Criminal activity using computer, computer

network or networked device.

• Committed by cybercriminals or hackers:

To make money.

To damage computers or networks -

political or personal motive.
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Cyber terrorism
Cyber warfare
• Section 66F, IT Act, 2000.
• Nation-state actions to penetrate another
Aims to create threat to nation’s unity,
nation’s computers or networks.
integrity, sovereignty & security.
• Purpose - to cause damage or disruption.
Create terror in minds of people or section
• Includes non-state actors - terrorist, of people.
extremist groups & transnational criminal
By getting access to a computer resource
organs.
through unauthorized means.

• CERT-IN
Policies and Programmes - India
Indian Computer Emergency Response Team.
• National cyber security policy, 2013
Nodal agency - responds to computer security
Purpose - monitoring, safeguarding, incidents.
& strengthening defenses against
Under - Ministry of Electronics and IT.
cyber-attacks.
Under IT Act.
Aim
Functions - w.r.t. cyber incidents
To guarantee safe & reliable
cyberspace for individuals, Collection, analysis & dissemination of information.
organizations & govt.
Emergency measures for handling.
To minimize damage from cyber
Coordination for response activities.
incidents through cooperation.
Issues guidelines, advisories relating to
information security practices.
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• Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C)

• Cyber Swachhta Kendra
Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
Botnet Cleaning & Malware Analysis
Purpose - to combat cyber-crime in the Centre.
country, in a coordinated and effective
Under MoEIT
manner.
Purpose - to create a secure cyber
• Cyber Surakshit Bharat Yojana
space’ .
Ministry of Electronics and Information
By detecting botnet infections in
Technology.
India.
Purpose - to fortify cyber security system
in India.

Cooperation with National e-Governance

Division (NeGD) and various industry
partners.

Practice Question – Mains

GS – III
Q. Explain about the cyber threat. Discuss
some of the measures taken by
government in ensuring the cyber
security in India.
(250 words, 15 marks)
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Pg: 1 – Text & Context – C, B, H, T; Pg: 8 – D;

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
Current events of national and international importance.
Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development,
Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies‐III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio
diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management
• Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of
resources, growth, development and employment.
• Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
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Tokenization:

• Replacement of actual card details with token.

• Token - unique for a combination of card, the token requestor and the device.
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How will tokenization protect me?

• A combination - Why tokenization is necessary?

The card • RBI annual report 2021-22 -

The token requestor FY20 - 2,677 cases of card fraud

The device through the internet involving ₹129.

• Token generated upon request for a specific FY21 - number of cases decreased to

merchant is unique to a specific card number. 2,545.

• Token - usable only on that particular site or FY22 - further increased to 3,596 cases

mobile app. involving ₹155 crore.

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Practice Question – Mains

GS – III
Q. Critically analyse the measures taken by
Reserved Bank of India (RBI) to make
online transactions safer.
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

Pg: 11 – C, D, H;
Pg: 9 – B, T;
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India-Africa Defence Dialogue

• Aim

To ‘build on’ existing partnerships

between African countries & India.

Explore new areas of convergence for

mutual engagements.

• First Dialogue - in Lucknow - in conjunction

with Defence Expo - February 2020.

• Lucknow Declaration - IAAD institutionalized

• Held once in every two years.

Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)

Indian Ocean Region (IOR)-plus conclave • Inter-governmental organisation - 1997.

• Hosted by India. • Aim

• Aim Promoting economic and technical

cooperation.
To promote dialogue in an institutional,
economic and cooperative environment. A platform for trade, socio-economic and
cultural cooperation in the IO rim area.
Foster development of peace, stability
and prosperity in the Indian Ocean • Secretariat - Mauritius.

Region. • Decisions - by consensus.

• Commitments - voluntary basis.

• 2015 - observer to the UN General Assembly

and the African Union.
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• 23 member states:

Australia Kenya Seychelles The United Arab Emirates

Bangladesh Madagascar Singapore Yemen.

The Comoros Malaysia Somalia

France Maldives South Africa

India Mauritius Sri Lanka

Indonesia Mozambique Tanzania

Iran Oman Thailand

• 10 dialogue partners - China, Egypt, Germany,

Italy, Japan, Russia, Turkey, the Republic of
Korea, U.K. and USA .

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
respect to Indian Ocean Rim Association
(IORA):
1. It aims to promote economic and technical
cooperation in the Indian Ocean rim area.
2. Its Secretariat is based in India.
3. China, Russia, USA and Germany are
dialogue partners of this association.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Practice Question – Prelims
Q. With reference to stem cells, Consider
the following statements:
1. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent
in nature.
2. Totipotent stem cell has the ability to
develop into a complete organism.
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 (CORRECT ANSWER)
d) Neither 1 nor 2
18-10-2022
Practice Question – Prelims
Q. With reference to Multidimensional Poverty
Index (MPI), Consider the following
statements:
1. It is released by United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) and
World Food Programme (WFP) .
2. India has the most number of population
under poverty worldwide, while South
Asia has the largest share of poor
population in the world.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2 (CORRECT ANSWER)
 18-10-2022

Quiz Question – Prelims (18/10/2022)

Q. Consider the following statements with
respect to Indian Ocean Rim Association
(IORA):
1. It aims to promote economic and technical
cooperation in the Indian Ocean rim area.
2. Its Secretariat is based in India.
3. China, Russia, USA and Germany are
dialogue partners of this association.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Practice Question – Mains

Practice Question – Mains
GS – III
GS – III
Q. Explain about the cyber threat. Discuss
Q. Critically analyse the measures taken by
some of the measures taken by
Reserved Bank of India (RBI) to make
government in ensuring the cyber
online transactions safer.
security in India.
(150 Words, 10 Marks)
(250 words, 15 marks)