19-10-2022

19-OCTOBER-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 19th October 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 Whose pleasure? (Editorial) 10 10 8 8 6

2 Centre increases minimum support price for rabi crops 14 14 14 12 10

3 ‘Merchant bankers can transact only in securities’ 16 16 16 14 12

4 ‘Court cannot issue direction to frame Universal Civil Code’ 12 12 12 10 8

5
The illusion of being faster than light: how a star problem T&C T&C
11
T&C T&C
was solved 2 2 2 2

6 Japan seeks GI tag for nihonshu, an alcoholic beverage 8 9 6 6 5

7 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
8 Mains Practice Question
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram
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Pg: 10 – C, B;
Pg: 8 – D, H;
Pg: 6 – T;

Comparative analysis of discretionary power of

President and Governor Constitutional discretionary powers of
Governor & President
• Article 74 Vs 163.
• Power to reserve a bill passed by the
 Article 74 - President should act in
legislature for the consideration of
accordance with advice of council of ministers.
President.
 Article 163 - an use discretion in certain
• Recommendation of President rule.
cases.
• Asking for specific information
Discretionary powers
regarding administrative & legislative
• Constitutional discretionary powers matters of the state.

 Example - Article 200.

• Situational discretionary powers.

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Situational discretionary powers of the governor

• Same as that of President.

• Appointment of CM, in case of a hung assembly.

• Dismissal of council of ministers when they

cannot prove majority in the assembly.

Article 164

• Governor cannot exercise discretion, while

discharging functions relating to Article 164.

• Pleasure of the governor indirectly refers to

the pleasure of the Chief Minister.

• Pleasure doctrine must be exercised by the

Governor only on the advice of the CM.

Recommendations of Centre-state commissions

with respect to Governor:
Punchhi commission
Sarkaria commission
• Article 163 - doesn’t give the
• Chief Minister should be consulted before the governor the general discretionary
appointment of the Governor. power to act against the advice of
• Tenure of the Governor should not be disturbed Council of Minister.
except for some compelling reasons • Governors action should not be
arbitrary or fanciful.

• Governors should be relieved of their

role as chancellors of universities.
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Pg: 14 – C, B, D;
Pg: 12 – H;
Pg: 10 – T;

Minimum Support Price (MSP)

Who decides MSP?
• Set by government for certain
• Fixed on the recommendations of the Commission
agricultural products.
for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
• Products - directly bought from
Determinants of MSP for CACP recommendations
farmers if the open market prices
• Cost of production
are less than the cost incurred. • Changes in input prices
• Input-output price parity
• Trends in market prices
• Demand and supply
• Inter-crop price parity
• Effect on industrial cost structure
• Effect on cost of living
• Effect on general price level
• International price situation
• Parity between prices paid and prices received by the farmers.
• Effect on issue prices and implications for subsidy
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CACP REPORT

Government

State Government
& concerned Central
Ministries

Cabinet Committee on
Economic Affairs
(CCEA) announces MSP

How MSP is decided?

Food Corporation
of India (FCI)
makes procurement

• Government of India sets MSP twice a year

prior to sowing seasons.
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Previous Year Question – Prelims 2020

Q. Consider the following statements:
1. In the case of all cereals, pulses and oil-
seeds, the procurement at Minimum
Support Price (MSP) is unlimited in any
State/UT of India.
2. In the case of cereals & pulses, the MSP
is fixed in any State/UT at level to which
the market price will never rise.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Pg: 16 – C, B, D;
Pg: 14 – H;
Pg: 12 – T;
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Category Merchant Banks Investment Banks

1. High net worth individuals
Clients
2. Multinational corporations
1. Trade
Purpose
2. Specialization in international finance
1. Underwriting, loan services, financial
advising and fundraising services
2. International financing
3. Foreign corporate investing
4. Foreign real estate investing
Services
5. Trade finance
6. International financial transactions
7. Letters of credit
8. Trade consultations
9. Trading technologies
Means to earn Fees
Large & complicated financial transactions in large
companies
Financial institutions, hedge funds, pension funds and
large companies or corporations
1. Facilitates the growth of businesses and
investments
2. Increases capital
1. Advise on financial decisions
2. Arranging financing
3. Equity financing
4. Underwriting
5. Arranging private placements
6. Negotiating mergers and acquisitions
7. Researching market trends & advising clients
8. Intermediary between client and public investors
Fees, interest, lease rentals, Commission

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements regarding
Merchant banking:
1. Banks are allowed to undertake merchant
banking activities through a separate
subsidiary which would be required to
comply with SEBI regulations.
2. Banks that pursue merchant banking
activities, need a banking license from RBI
to carry out banking activities and they
also need a SEBI registration.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
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Uniform Civil Code

• Encompasses a single personal law for all citizens.

 Irrespective of religion, sex, gender and sexual

orientation.

• Matters - marriage, divorce, inheritance,

adoption.

Pg: 12 – C, B, D;
Pg: 10 – H;
Pg: 8 – T;

Indian scenario

• Personal laws - based on religion. • Islam

• Applies certain group of people.  Relating to inheritance, wills,

succession, legacies, marriage, wakfs,
• Made after customs and religious texts.
dowry, guardianship, divorce, gifts.
• Hinduism
 Source - Quran.
 Legal issues - inheritance, succession,
marriage, adoption, co-parenting, obligations
of sons to pay their father’s debts, the
partition of family property, maintenance,
guardianship, and charitable donations.

 Source - Vedas, Dharmashastras,

Dharmasutras, age-old customs.
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Example

• The Hindu marriage act, 1955. Need for UCC

• The Hindu succession act, 1956. • To promote secularism.

• The Hindu minority and guardianship act, • To avoid discrimination.

1956. • To promote women empowerment.

• The Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) • To avoid overlapping provisions.

Application Act, 1937.
• To accelerate the process of national
• Dissolution of Muslim marriages act, 1939. integration.

• Wakf act, 1955.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Art 44 states that State shall
endeavour to provide for its citizens a
uniform civil code (UCC) throughout
the territory of India.
2. Art 44 is added by the 42nd
Constitutional Amendment act, 1976.
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
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Pg: 2 – Text &

Context – C, B, H, T;
Pg: 11 – D;

News
Part A—Preliminary Examination
• 2 Neutron stars merged to form black holes.
Paper I - (200 marks)
• Current events of national and international • Observed in Laser Interferometer Gravitational-
importance.
Wave (LIGO), visible and electromagnetic telescopes.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-IV
Life of a massive Star

General Studies-III: Technology, Economic • Massive star - eight times more massive than sun.
Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security
and Disaster Management. • Balance between gravity & thermonuclear fusion.
• Science and Technology- developments and their
applications and effects in everyday life.
• Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers,
robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues
relating to intellectual property rights.
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• Decrease in hydrogen results in mismatch between

gravity and thermonuclear fusion force.

Red Giant

• Gravity > nuclear force.

• Core becomes denser.

• Plasma shell increase in

size, thus loosing heat.

• Color changes from

bright yellow to red.

Neutron Star
Supernova
• Collapsed core of massive star.
• Due to high gravity, the density of the core
increase. • Smallest and densest stars of the universe.

• Once the density and pressure crosses Black hole

threshold supernova explosion takes place. • Very dense that light does not escape.
 19-10-2022

News

• Gravity ripple detected by LIGO.

Parallax
• Light detected by telescope.

• Jet of matter travelled at speeds faster

than the speed of light.

 Due to Superliminal Motion.

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑢𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ

tan 𝑝 =
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑢𝑛 (𝑑)

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑢𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 =
tan 𝑝
 19-10-2022

Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA) spacecraft

• 2013.

• European Space Agency.

• To overcome distortions created by the atmosphere. (placed outside earth atmosphere)

• Has radial velocity spectrometer to measure

velocity of stellar objects.

Measurement of Velocity

• Using Doppler effect.

• When star is approaching - wavelength decreases (blue shift).

• When star is moving away - wavelength increases (red shift).

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Superliminal Motion

• It is a phenomenon in which objects traveling at

speeds close to speed of light towards the
observer will appear to travel at speeds more
than the speed light.

Pg: 8 – C; Pg: 9 – B;
Pg: 6 – D, H; Pg: 5 – T;
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Geographical Indication
Basis
• Used for products having specific
geographical origin. • GI - defined in TRIPS.

• Assurance of quality and distinctiveness • Covered as a component of IPR under

attributable to its origin. the Paris Convention for the Protection of
Industrial Property.
Products
• Administered by the Geographical Indications
• Agricultural products.
of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act,
• Foodstuffs
1999.
• Wine and spirit drinks.
 Valid period - 10 years.
• Handicrafts

• Industrial products.

News

• Seeking GI tag for nihonshu by Japan

Practice Question – Prelims
embassy. Q. Consider the following statements
regarding Geographic Indication tags:
• 2021
1. Ministry of Commerce and Industry
 GI tags to several commodities.
gives GI tags to products in India.
 Foreign products 2. Foreign products cannot be given GI
 German beer - Muncener Bier.
tags in India.
Which of the statements given above
 Italian veined blue cheese -
is/are correct?
gorgonzola.
a) 1 only
 Greece Plant resin - Chios Mastiha. b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
 Czech Republic seed cone - zatecky
d) Neither 1 nor 2
camel.
 19-10-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements:
Q. Consider the following statements
1. Art 44 states that State shall regarding Geographic Indication tags:
endeavour to provide for its citizens a
uniform civil code (UCC) throughout 1. Ministry of Commerce and Industry
the territory of India. gives GI tags to products in India.

2. Art 44 is added by the 42nd 2. Foreign products cannot be given GI

Constitutional Amendment act, 1976. tags in India.

Which of the statements given above Which of the statements given above
is/are correct? is/are correct?
a) 1 only a) 1 only
b) 2 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2

Quiz Question – Prelims (19/10/2022) Practice Question – Mains

Previous Year Question – Prelims 2020 GS – II
Q. Consider the following statements: Q. Recently, there has been a constant tussle
between governors and the elected
1. In the case of all cereals, pulses and oil- representatives regarding assent to bills passed
seeds, the procurement at Minimum by the legislative assembly. In this backdrop
Support Price (MSP) is unlimited in any discuss about the various discretionary powers
State/UT of India. of the governor, and where and when they can
be used.
2. In the case of cereals & pulses, the MSP
(250 Words, 15 Marks)
is fixed in any State/UT at level to which
the market price will never rise.
Practice Question – Prelims
Which of the statements is/are correct?
Answers
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only Q1. Option A
(c) Both 1 and 2
Q2. Option A
(d) Neither 1 nor 2