CONFIDENTIAL FOB/MARCH2022/MPU2352

SEMESTER : SEMESTER 2 & 3 – 202203

PROGRAMMES : ALL DIPLOMA PROGRAMME
ALL FOUNDATION PROGRAMME
COURSE NAME : SUSTAINABILITY IN COMMUNITY
COURSE CODE : MPU2352
ASSESSMENT : QUIZ 2
DURATION : 30 MINUTES
DATE :

Name NOORHANISAH BAZLAA BINTI MOHAMAD ARIF

ID Number 006210442

Program/Group FIE 3A

Lecturer’s Name MADAM ALIAA ABDUL RAZAK

Course
Section Question Learning Marks
Outcome
Section A Q1 – Q2 CLO1
Total

1. This paper consists of TWO (2) printed pages including cover page.
2. Answer all questions on the answer sheet.

DO NOT OPEN THE PAGE UNTIL INSTRUCTED

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Course Learning Outcomes:

CLO1 Acquire knowledge and information about sustainability.
CLO2 Communicate accurately and effectively on issues of sustainability.
CLO3 Expose students to sustainability practice in various fields.

STRUCTURE QUESTION (10 MARKS) [Q1-Q2:CLO1]

QUESTION 1 (5 MARKS)
Explain further details the four (4) element in economy development.

1. The Work Must be Urgent, Visible and Iterative,

We know the challenges of economic development cannot be solved with a single, silver bullet solution. To
remake economic development, we must first articulate a bold endgame that is urgent, visible and iterative.
Why urgent? The United States is undergoing a “Diversity Explosion,” as another Brookings researcher,
William Frey, puts it. To improve our economic future, we must urgently address the plethora of disparities
currently facing America’s people of color, like in New Orleans, where the city is proactively pursuing
strategies to close the 50% unemployment rate among African-American men. Why visible? By making
work towards the bold endgame visible

2. There Must be an Intentionality as to Race and Inclusiveness,

Transparency and inclusion are essential to building the trust required for on-going collaboration and
partnership at the scale of the region. And regions pursuing deep prosperity have learned that it requires
deliberate steps to ensure that regional efforts deliver inclusive outcomes.”

3. Efforts Must be Networked and Evolving with High Capacity Institutions,

Networked regions need strong flexible cross-sector institutional infrastructure and capacity with staying
power. Leaders need to work through designated quarterback organizations capable of building trust and
maintaining communications to keep everyone on the same page.”

4. A Diverse and Skilled Workforce Must be Built for the Actual Employers

“Until quite recently, employers and economic developers largely stayed on the sidelines of skills
development, insisting it was not their job to take on the hard work of building skills for productive growth
and closing gaps in education and access to jobs. Meanwhile, workforce organizations and community
colleges were developing new approaches as the field moved toward “sector-based” and “demand-driven”
strategies, but their effectiveness depended on the engagement and leadership of employers more apt to
gather around economic development tables.”

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QUESTION 2 (5 MARKS)

In my opinion,For many Malaysians, Prime Minister Najib Razak’s wish for “a safer,
more prosperous, and more equal society” likely resonated with their hopes for 2015.
Malaysians appear to be increasingly concerned about income inequality. According to
a 2014 Pew Global survey, 77% of Malaysians think that the gap between the rich and
poor is a big problem. The government has acknowledged that inequality remains high,
and that tackling these disparities will be Malaysia’s “biggest challenge” in becoming a
high-income nation. How can Malaysia narrow the gap between the rich and poor?
Global experience suggests two possible levers to achieve a more equitable income
distribution. The first and most important is to provide equal opportunities through
education. When more workers have high skill levels, inequality in wages decline.
Similarly, when entrepreneurs from disadvantaged backgrounds have the skills and
resources to succeed, it is less likely that high-earning employers will always come
from among the better-off. Second,all Malaysians must be equipped with the skills to
command high wages in the labor markets. While nearly all Malaysians have a
secondary education, inequality at the post-secondary level is high: only 5% of young
adults from the bottom income quintile earn a Bachelor’s degree, compared to 40%
from the top. Addressing these inequities is vital for socio-economic mobility. The World
Bank’s latest Malaysia Economic Monitorfinds that 84% of households where the head
holds a Bachelor’s degree (or above) are in the “middle and upper-classes,” defined as
those earning more than the national average. Analysis in the report finds that most of
these disparities are due to long-run factors such as parents’ education levels.
Therefore, making productive, long-term investments in high quality basic education
(starting at pre-school) for all Malaysian children is essential to close the educational –
and income – gaps. A more progressive tax system would also help. The top marginal
income tax rate (25%) is low compared to most OECD countries and other Asian
countries such as Korea (38%) and Thailand (35%). More progressive taxation would
enable the government to finance an expanded social safety net that is more
consolidated, better targeted, and better aligned with the needs of lower-income groups
– while maintaining fiscal sustainability.