Advanced

Y
K
s
ı
S
n
a
-
Dİ
Lİ
vst
r
N
a
G
İ
L
t
e
İ
Z
J
İ
C
L
E
E
Rİ 13
SHTESTS
ADVANCED
ENGLI
SuatGÜRCAN
RıdvanGÜRBÜZ
YKS-DİL Sınav Stratejileri 13: Advanced English Tests
YAZARLAR
Suat GÜRCAN - Rıdvan GÜRBÜZ
ISBN: 978-605-7986-63-4
Bu soruların her hakkı ÖSMY’ye aittir. Hangi amaçla olursa olsun, tamamının veya bir kısmının kopya edilmesi, fotoğraflarının
çekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla çoğaltılması ya da kullanılması, yayınlanması ÖSMY’nin yazılı izni olmadan yapılamaz. Yayınevimiz
telif ücreti ödeyerek bu izni almıştır.
© İrem Yayıncılık
Bu kitabın her türlü yayın hakkı İrem Yayıncılık’a aittir. Yayınevinin izni olmadan, eğitim ve tanıtım amaçlı kısmi alıntılar hariç olmak
üzere hiçbir şekilde kitabın tümü veya bir kısmı yayınlanamaz ve çoğaltılamaz.
Kapak Tasarım
İREM YAYINCILIK
Dizgi & Mizanpaj

www.modadil.com
İREM YAYINCILIK
Baskı & Cilt

Kalkan Matbaacılık San. Tic. ve Ltd. Şti.
Büyük San. 1. Cad. No:99/32 İskitler / Ankara
Tel: 0.312 341 92 34 - www.kalkanofset.com
YAYIN VE DAĞITIM
İREM AKADEMİ EĞİTİM HİZ. SAN. TİC. LTD. ŞTİ.
Yeni Ziraat Mahallesi 659. Sokak No:14/A
Dışkapı/ANKARA
Tel: (0.312) 342 42 43
Fax: (0.312) 342 42 13
www. iremyayincilik.com.tr
e-mail: iletisim@iremyayincilik.com.tr
Çok kıymetli ailelerimize…
www.modadil.com
To learn and never be filled is wisdom;
to teach and never be weary is love…
www.modadil.com
ÖNSÖZ
Değerli YKS-DİL Adayları;
Öncelikle 12. sınıflar ve mezunlar için hazırlamış olduğumuz ve “Winner Serisi” olarak adlandırdığımız kita-
plarımıza göstermiş olduğunuz yoğun ilgiden dolayı teşekkür ederiz. YKS-DİL hazırlık sürecince kelime çalışma-
larınızı yaparken, gramer ve soru tiplerine dair tüm konular bittikten sonra ve deneme sınavlarına geçmeden önce
yapılması gereken en önemli şey doğru ve kaliteli sorular içeren soru bankalarından bol bol soru çözmektir. Son yıllar-
da YKS-DİL sınavının eski sınavlara göre daha da zorlaştığı ve özellikle okuduğunu anlama ve yorumlama becerisi-
nin ön planda tutulduğu açıktır. Bu nedenle YKS-DİL hazırlık sürecinde çözeceğiniz soruların gerçek sınav zorluğun-
da ve kalitesinde olması ciddi önem arz etmektedir. Winner Serimizin 13. kitabı olan “YKS-DİL Advanced English
Tests Soru Bankası” yayınımız işte bu amaçla hazırlandı ve YKS-DİL öncesinde bol bol soru çözmenizi sağlayacak
bir yayın oldu.
“YKS-DİL Advanced English Tests Soru Bankası” yayınımızda toplamda 2435 soru mevcuttur. Kitabımız-
da 200 sorudan oluşan 4 “Vocabulary: Kelime” testi, 300 sorudan oluşan 6 “Grammar: Dil Bilgisi” testi, 5’er
sorudan oluşan 100 “Cloze Tests”, 200 sorudan oluşan 5 “Sentence Completion: Cümle Tamamlama” testi,
130 sorudan oluşan 3 “Paragraph Completion: Paragraf Tamamlama” testi, 360 sorudan oluşan 8 “Transla-
tion: Çeviri” testi, 130 sorudan oluşan 3 “Irrelevant Sentence: Anlam Bütünlüğünü Bozan Cümle” testi, 120
sorudan oluşan 3 “Restatement: Yakın Anlamlı Cümle” testi, 130 sorudan oluşan 3 “Dialogue: Karşılıklı Ko- V
nuşma” testi, 240 sorudan oluşan 4 “Reading Passages : Okuma Parçaları” testi, 125 sorudan oluşan 3 “Situ-
ational Expressions : Duruma Uygun Düşen İfadeyi Bulma” testi mevcuttur.
Ayrıca, YKS-DİL’e girecek adaylara bu kaynakla beraber sınavda karşınıza çıkacak tüm gramer konularını,
soru tiplerini ve binlerce soruyu içeren Winner Serimizin diğer kitaplarını da detaylı bir şekilde analiz etmenizi
öneririz. Bu kitaptaki tüm soruları ve diğer soru bankalarımızı bitirdikten sonra Winner Serimizin deneme sınav-
larından oluşan kitaplarından da faydalanmanızı mutlaka öneriyoruz. Ayrıca youtube.com/modadil kanalımızda
YKS-DİL için faydalı olacak videoları ve çıkmış soruların video çözümlerini de mutlaka izleyiniz.
Son olarak, tüm konuların detaylı bir şekilde sesli ve görüntülü olarak anlatıldığı, binlerce sorunun çözümünün
yapıldığı ve YKS-DİL’e hazırlanırken ihtiyaç duyacağınız her şeyi bir arada bulacağınız www.modadil.com uzak-
tan eğitim portalımızdaki YKS-DİL paketlerini incelemenizi de öneriyoruz. Yayınlarımız, videolarımız ve diğer
hizmetlerimizin bugüne kadar İngilizce sınavlara hazırlanan on binlerce adaya olduğu gibi size de arzuladığınız
başarıyı elde etmenizde faydalı olacağını umuyor, çalışmalarınızda gönülden başarılar diliyoruz.
Kitabımızın tüm adaylara yardımcı olması dileğiyle...
Suat GÜRCAN & Rıdvan GÜRBÜZ www.modadil.com
İngilizce Öğretmeni olma yolunda üzerimde çok fazla emeği olan ve meslek hayatımda örnek aldığım
“Tahmaz Dil Okulları” kurucusu Hasan TAHMAZ hocama teşekkür eder, saygılarımı sunarım.
Suat GÜRCAN
Üniversite sınavına hiç aklımda yokken Yabancı Dil alanından hazırlanmama vesile olan, yol göstericiliği
sayesinde çok kısıtlı imkânlara sahip olsam da sınavı başarıyla geçmemde ve İngilizce Öğretmeni olup bugünlere
gelmemde üzerimde yadsınamayacak kadar büyük bir emeği ve hakkı olan saygı değer hocam Şenol YILMAZ’a
gönülden teşekkür eder, saygılarımı sunarım.
Rıdvan GÜRBÜZ
www.modadil.com
İÇİNDEKİLER
VOCABULARY PARAGRAPH COMPLETION
Test 1.....................................................................1 Test 1.................................................................241
Test 2.....................................................................7 Test 2.................................................................249
Test 3...................................................................13 Test 3.................................................................262
Test 4...................................................................19
IRRELEVANT SENTENCES
GRAMMAR Test 1.................................................................275
Test 1...................................................................25 Test 2.................................................................279
Test 2...................................................................31 Test 3.................................................................287
Test 3...................................................................37
Test 4...................................................................43 RESTATEMENTS
Test 5...................................................................49 Test 1.................................................................295
Test 6...................................................................55 Test 2.................................................................299
Test 3.................................................................308
CLOZE TESTS
VII
Cloze Tests .........................................................61 DIALOGUES
Test 1.................................................................319
SENTENCE COMPLETION Test 2.................................................................327
Test 1................................................................. 111 Test 3.................................................................340
Test 2................................................................. 115
Test 3................................................................. 119 SITUATIONAL EXPRESSION
Test 4.................................................................128 Test 1.................................................................353
Test 5.................................................................137 Test 2.................................................................359
Test 3.................................................................372
ENGLISH-TURKISH TRANSLATION
Test 1.................................................................145 READING PASSAGES
Test 2.................................................................153 Test 1.................................................................385
Test 3.................................................................166 Test 2.................................................................405
Test 4.................................................................179 Test 3.................................................................425
Test 4.................................................................445
TURKISH-ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Test 1.................................................................193 ANSWER KEY.........................................................465
www.modadil.com
Test 2.................................................................201
Test 3.................................................................214
Test 4.................................................................227
www.modadil.com
Test
VOCABULARY 1
5. Australia, which is normally a grains exporting
1. ‑ 50. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan country, has started importing wheat and
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi corn to meet a shortage resulting from a ‑‑‑‑
bulunuz. drought.
1. All teenagers have ‑‑‑‑; the problem is to teach A) widespread

them to exploit it to the best advantage. B) hostile
A) destiny C) sustainable
B) compulsion D) secular
C) potential E) restrictive
D) preference
E) significance
6. After decades of speculation astronomers

now have fairly ‑‑‑‑ information concerning the
basic features of our universe. 1
2. Have they come to a ‑‑‑‑ yet on whether to A) desperate
move to İzmir or stay in Antalya?
B) preventive
A) disturbance
C) reluctant
B) suggestion
D) accurate
C) reversal
MODADİL
E) respective
D) conflict
E) decision
7. The meridians are ‑‑‑‑ counted from the

meridian of the observatory of Greenwich, in
England, which is called the zero meridian.
3. Ireland is in the Atlantic Ocean and ‑‑‑‑ from
A) traditionally
Great Britain by the Irish Sea.
B) suitably
A) established
C) previously
B) occupied
D) notably
C) placed
E) markedly
www.modadil.com
D) inhabited
E) separated
8. Finland, which is three times the size of Ohio,

is ‑‑‑‑ forested and contains thousands of
4. Geologists have ‑‑‑‑ that Africa was once lakes, numerous rivers and extensive areas of
warmer and wetter than it is today. marshland.
A) explored A) mutually
B) discovered B) exactly
C) surveyed C) heavily
D) searched D) currently
E) experimented E) profoundly
Test
YKS DİL Soru Bankası
1 9. He must have had some sound reasons for ‑‑‑‑ 13. James Joyce was born and educated in Ireland
such a rigid timetable. but spent most of his ‑‑‑‑ life in Europe, mainly
in France, Italy and Switzerland.
A) setting out
A) superficial
B) drawing up
B) adult
C) running up
C) competitive
D) turning off
D) coherent
E) looking into
E) precise
10. It’s a delightful novel, and the reader soon gets

‑‑‑‑ in the lives of the characters as the story
Vocabulary
progresses.
14. Frederick Taylor is ‑‑‑‑ known as the founder of
A) caught up the scientific management movement.
B) found out A) alternatively
C) put out B) fluently
2
D) turned over C) hopefully
E) fed up D) widely
E) sensitively
MODADİL
11. William Wordsworth was a poet of nature,

and had the special ‑‑‑‑ to throw charm over
ordinary things. 15. The tourists had intended to walk along the
coast to the next town but were ‑‑‑‑ from doing
A) ability so by the stormy weather.
B) verse A) deceived
C) topic B) influenced
D) admiration C) compelled
E) illusion D) encouraged
E) prevented
www.modadil.com
12. No one knows for certain when the first

Anglo‑Saxon settlements were made in Britain,
but it is ‑‑‑‑ that some of them at any rate were
founded about the middle of the fifth century 16. Much of every teacher’s time is ‑‑‑‑ marking
A. D. papers.
A) temporary A) brought up
B) vital B) taken up with
C) probable C) held up
D) contemporary D) made out
E) urgent E) carried out

Test
17. I tried hard to ‑‑‑‑ why the motor would have to 21. My car ‑‑‑‑ as I was on my way to pick up the 1
be replaced, but he couldn’t understand what I children from school.
was trying to say.
A) got off
A) insist
B) broke down
B) complain
C) let down
C) reply
D) gave in
D) inform
E) took off
E) explain
Vocabulary
22. I met your father once years ago, but I can ‑‑‑‑
18. The market for computers and all related remember him.
goods has been ‑‑‑‑ rapidly in recent years.
A) hardly
A) reaching
B) enormously
B) expanding
C) extremely 3
C) exploring
D) immensely
D) exceeding
E) simultaneously
E) disturbing
MODADİL
19. The company is not only looking for

well‑qualified people; it also wants them to be 23. Several of my friends have entered the ‑‑‑‑, but
‑‑‑‑ about their work. none of them expects to win.
A) enthusiastic A) performance
B) comprehensive B) application
C) relevant C) competition
D) indifferent D) responsibility
E) convenient E) vacancy
www.modadil.com
20. They still haven’t come to an ‑‑‑‑ about which 24. He’s a terribly ‑‑‑‑ person and never thinks at
play they are going to put on next term. all of the needs or the wishes of other people.
A) opinion A) nervous
B) assessment B) sensitive
C) appointment C) extravagant
D) agreement D) reliable
E) event E) selfish
Test
1 25. As she grew older, it became ‑‑‑‑ difficult for 29. Our teacher is very strict and will not ‑‑‑‑ any
her to do the shopping. bad behaviour.
A) eventually A) get on with
B) increasingly B) come around
C) doubtfully C) put up with
D) adequately D) cut down on
E) reluctantly E) set off
Vocabulary
26. The survivors of the shipwreck who were able 30. People are always surprised that my brother
to reach the land, decided to ‑‑‑‑ a fire and wait and I are twins since we do not ‑‑‑‑ each other
to be rescued. at all.
A) make A) equalize
B) do B) emulate
4
C) show C) correspond
D) set D) match
E) put E) resemble
MODADİL
27. The melting of all the ice mass in the Arctic 31. Faced with the relentless attacks of the enemy,
would ‑‑‑‑ the sea level by several metres. the army had no choice but to ‑‑‑‑ in hopes of
counterattacking later.
A) establish
A) defeat
B) preserve
B) assault
C) raise
C) retreat
D) restore
D) surrender
E) spoil
E) overwhelm
www.modadil.com
32. Even so, most of her friends thought her

28. I couldn’t ‑‑‑‑ why they were shouting so reaction was ‑‑‑‑ when she burst into tears and
loudly. told everyone to go home.
A) set up A) defective
B) keep up B) excessive
C) rely on C) elaborate
D) make out D) intentional
E) put off E) cruel
Test
33. After the lecture, we had a/an ‑‑‑‑ discussion 37. The national team was ‑‑‑‑ 4‑0 by a side that 1
that left us all with a great deal to think about. was not expected to give it any trouble.
A) stimulating A) won
B) nervous B) defeated
C) thoughtful C) advanced
D) predictable D) lost
E) tiresome E) achieved
Vocabulary
34. Problems must be faced head‑on; they won’t 38. Kevin always tries to ‑‑‑‑ in front of pretty girls,
go away if you just ‑‑‑‑ them. but he only makes a fool of himself.
A) deter A) show off
B) persuade B) get off
C) ignore C) lay down 5
D) abandon D) set up
E) permit E) knock down
MODADİL
35. The ex‑president was not re‑elected after 39. The besieged town attempted to resist until the
voters became ‑‑‑‑ with his handling of the arrival of reinforcements, but finally, hunger
economy. forced them to ‑‑‑‑.
A) abused A) take in
B) enlightened B) give up
C) captivated C) come out
D) disillusioned D) let down
E) ruled E) get over
www.modadil.com
36. People who work in ‑‑‑‑ jobs, like miners in

mines, often get extra pay because of the 40. Although sentenced to 10 years for the
danger they face. robbery, he was ‑‑‑‑ early for good behaviour.
A) tremendous A) released
B) ridiculous B) denied
C) hazardous C) exclaimed
D) fearful D) charged
E) tedious E) relieved
Test
1 41. Peoples who live along the border between 46. The ‑‑‑‑ of oil has brought remarkable affluence
different cultural areas often ‑‑‑‑ the two ways to the Gulf States and Saudi Arabia.
of living.
A) perception
A) inhabit
B) exploration
B) measure
C) coverage
C) grade
D) variation
D) vacate
E) exploitation
E) reflect
47. Altough Victoria’s ‑‑‑‑ at the death of her

42. Because he had already been ‑‑‑‑ of several husband seemed sincere, she married within
robberies, the judge gave him the maximum a year.
sentence.
A) protest
Vocabulary
A) committed
B) criticism
B) convicted
C) grief
C) released
D) regret
D) exposed
E) magic
6 E) humiliated
48. Now that the flood waters have ‑‑‑‑, people are
43. I didn’t bother to ‑‑‑‑ the mail this morning; slowly making their way back to their homes.
was there anything interesting?
A) dominated
A) ensure
MODADİL
B) receded
B) treat
C) inclined
C) check
D) escalated
D) undergo
E) approached
E) overlook
49. The three brothers were very ‑‑‑‑, each always

44. Though it won’t be a quick recovery, you will trying to outdo the others.
get over your illness ‑‑‑‑ if you do everything
the doctor said. A) enthusiastic
A) immediately B) competitive
B) suddenly C) popular
D) hasty
www.modadil.com
C) gratefully
D) swiftly E) similar
E) gradually
45. ‑‑‑‑ 500 people are estimated to have attended 50. Jim, who takes advantage of every opportunity
the conference, though no one knows the to praise himself, has a/an ‑‑‑‑ sense of his
exact number. own importance which no one shares.
A) Accidentally A) hostile
B) Unfortunately B) dejected
C) Absolutely C) conscious
D) Approximately D) exaggerated
E) Deliberately E) popular
Test
VOCABULARY 2
5. Ten or 15 years ago animal‑right activists ‑‑‑‑
1. ‑ 50. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan violence against humans in their efforts to
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi break through the public’s terrible apathy and
bulunuz. lack of imagination on this issue.
1. Belgium Tunisian‑born al‑Queda member Nizar A) recovered from
Trabelsi was ‑‑‑‑ 10 years in prison after he B) resorted to
admitted planning a suicide bomb attack on
NATO military based. C) objected to
A) sentenced to D) subjected to
B) exposed to E) exposed to
C) detached to
D) subjected to
E) reluctant to
6. Saudi security officials say the ‑‑‑‑ might have
information about the activities of militans in
the kingdom.
2. Fortunately for Beijing, the spread of the 7
A) stragglers
Internet has provided a fast and ‑‑‑‑ high‑tech
way to sample the opinion, particularly during B) strikers
crisis.
C) inspects
A) originally
D) inventors
B) relatively
E) suspects
MODADİL
C) ostensibly
D) successively
E) conclusively
7. Turkey will face an electricity shortage in 2010

3. After a U.S. Navy spy plane ‑‑‑‑ Chinese jet unless it ‑‑‑‑ in the electricity sector in 2007.
fighter and made an emergency landing on A) invests
Hainan Island, Webmasters deleted the most
vitriolic anti‑U.S. B) inherits
A) affiliated with C) includes
B) acquainted with D) investigates
C) dealt with E) invites
www.modadil.com
D) coped with
E) collided with
8. Some groups of migrating animals cover ‑‑‑‑

distances; green sea turtles swim up to 3000
4. Many of the research organizations in Beijing km to lay their eggs, wandering desert locusts
are ‑‑‑‑ the National Bureau of Statistics or with and butterflies migrate over distances of 4000
prestigious universities. km.
A) collided with A) sums
B) satisfied with B) advanced
C) bothered with C) vast
D) affiliated with D) extremely
E) implied with E) further
Test
2 9. Throughout his career, Belmondo has 13. Any child left to its own devices far too long is
employed a ‑‑‑‑ acting technique enabling likely to ‑‑‑‑ on some dangerous enterprise.
him to play a variety of parts, performing
both comic and tragic roles with a mixture of A) assert
cynicism and sincerity, strength and frailty. B) entice
A) veiled C) embark
B) versatile D) reproach
C) verbal E) count
D) vengeful
E) veracious
Vocabulary
14. One defect seems inherent in a purely

10. In 1999 alone, 4 million people in classical education‑namely, a too ‑‑‑‑ emphasis
sub‑Saharan Africa became ‑‑‑‑ the human on the past.
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that A) recurrent
causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS). B) repressive
8
A) initiated with C) coherent
B) complied with D) exclusive
C) agreed with E) inclusive
D) infected with
E) crashed with
MODADİL
15. Industry as a whole was badly affected by the

restrictions, but it was the high technology
11. The rise in energy ‑‑‑‑ has led to a reduction in sector that suffered most ‑‑‑‑.
the amount of fossil fuels that the world must
use. A) blatantly
A) redundancy B) sincerely
B) efficiency C) reasonably
C) consumption D) tightly
D) solution E) acutely
E) conformity
www.modadil.com
12. We must find some way to give them a fairly 16. Few, if any, of the statements made could be
complete and realistic picture of the situation, substantiated ‑‑‑‑ by concrete experimental
but without ‑‑‑‑ them too much. evidence.
A) depressing A) intentionally
B) intimidating B) successively
C) restricting C) restrictedly
D) complementing D) deductively
E) impressing E) conclusively
Test
17. He’s basically a very resilient person so you 21. It now appears that while US leaders are still 2
can be sure he’ll soon ‑‑‑‑ this disappointment. willing for the nation to exert itself abroad and
give large amounts of foreign assistance, the
A) make out American public is ‑‑‑‑ to go along with these
B) put through policies.
C) get over A) spontaneous
D) look up B) eager
E) take after C) competitive
D) reluctant
E) deliberate
Vocabulary
18. Whatever the pressures put upon him, I think
it is highly unlikely that James would ever ‑‑‑‑ 22. It is ‑‑‑‑ surprising that the art of ancient
anyone. America remains the most mysterious and the
A) walk away with least accessible.
B) give in to A) urgently
B) naturally
9
C) make up for
D) get away with C) indifferently
E) drop off D) elaborately
E) hardly
MODADİL
19. Among the problems facing bridge engineers, 23. Bartok was influenced as much by the musical
the most serious ones are those of ‑‑‑‑ and innovations of Debussy and Stravinsky as by
repair. East European, ‑‑‑‑ Hungarian, folk music.
A) improvement A) exceedingly
B) evaluation B) notably
C) determination C) appropriately
D) distinction D) vehemently
E) maintenance E) vigorously
www.modadil.com
20. The two major political parties in Britain are

currently ‑‑‑‑ to extreme and radically different 24. Due to industrialization and colonization, the
approaches to the solution of Britain’s nineteenth century ‑‑‑‑ the greatest expansion
economic problems. of wealth the world had ever known.
A) referred A) brought about
B) obsessed B) put off
C) committed C) held up
D) implied D) looked for
E) stated E) set off
Test
2 25. The two archaeologists have tried hard to read 29. When the rate of exchange began to rise again,
the inscription in old Latin, but I do not think he felt ‑‑‑‑ to call a meeting of the financial
they have ‑‑‑‑ what it really means. staff.
A) got over A) obliged
B) written off B) blamed
C) taken after C) consumed
D) made out D) committed
E) brought up E) rewarded
Vocabulary
26. The children of today are healthier and better 30. As far as we are concerned, the evidence put
‑‑‑‑ than those of the past, and far fewer of before the court was not ‑‑‑‑ enough to convict
them die in infancy. the man.
A) disposed of A) subsequent
10 B) deprived of B) conclusive
C) rounded up C) inadequate
D) looked into D) earnest
E) cared for E) consecutive
MODADİL
27. As a result of the continuing economic 31. He devised an ‑‑‑‑ scheme whereby the rate
recession, a huge ‑‑‑‑ in the budget seems of unemployment in the country could be
inevitable. brought down sharply.
A) redundancy A) irrelevant
B) improvement B) unstable
C) profit C) ingenious
D) expansion D) untamed
E) deficit E) illogical
www.modadil.com
32. I was greatly impressed by the way the judge

28. The recent economic figures ‑‑‑‑ that the conducted the trial, ‑‑‑‑ when it came to
country is slowly coming out of the crisis. summing up the case.
A) commit A) particularly
B) imply B) completely
C) hide C) sufficiently
D) evolve D) effectively
E) invoke E) subsequently
Test
33. As soon as the leak in the boiler was noticed, 37. Question of race, ethnicity, and religion have 2
one of the engineers was naturally ‑‑‑‑. been a ‑‑‑‑ source of conflict in American
education.
A) taken after
A) previous
B) run down
B) perennial
C) made out
C) vulnerable
D) sent for
D) naive
E) put after
E) casual
38. The United States has long prided itself on
Vocabulary
34. At the board meeting, his suggestion was ‑‑‑‑ being a melting pot of culturally ‑‑‑‑ peoples.
as it seemed politically controversial.
A) diverse
A) put out
B) redundant
B) taken up
C) incoherent
C) held in 11
D) entire
D) burst into
E) reluctant
E) cast aside
MODADİL
39. The contemporary world economy differs ‑‑‑‑

35. The ‑‑‑‑ was not a happy one at the time, from what the traditional economic theorists of
but looking back on it I suppose I’m glad it the 1930s envisaged.
occurred.
A) primarily
A) improvement
B) likely
B) regression
C) conversely
C) encounter
D) profoundly
D) intention
E) virtually
E) extinction
www.modadil.com
40. In recent years ‑‑‑‑ complex and persistent

36. Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau were concerned problems in economic and social fields have
in their writings with the question of a proper led people to wonder why once comfortable
‑‑‑‑ between the public good and the right of answers no longer seem adequate to today’s
individuals to exercise free. questions.
A) balance A) generously
B) demonstration B) inadvertently
C) responsibility C) increasingly
D) interest D) ingeniously
E) solitude E) rarely
Test
2 41. Since the 1950s modern dance in Europe and 46. The new ceramics, which have little in
America has ‑‑‑‑ vigorous process of creativity. common with the chinaware we use in our
kitchens everyday, are being used ‑‑‑‑ in
A) appeared engines and electronics.
B) exploded A) depressingly
C) constituted B) seemingly
D) relaxed C) increasingly
E) followed D) discouragingly
E) deliberately
42. The assassination by terrorists of Signor

Aldo Moro, five times Prime Minister of Italy,
in May 1978 was ‑‑‑‑ by everyone as an act of 47. I am horrified at the turn things have taken
barbarism. and am convinced that he is ‑‑‑‑ of much better
treatment than that which he is receiving.
Vocabulary
A) applauded
A) rebutting
B) appreciated
B) deserving
C) reiterated
C) defending
D) condemned
D) safeguarding
12 E) restrained
E) ignoring
43. If we are serious about suppressing terrorism,

we shall have to ‑‑‑‑ stronger measures than 48. Progress in materials research is ‑‑‑‑ to
those currently in practice. overcoming such problems as the finites of
the world’s resources and possible shortages
MODADİL
A) require of strategic materials.

B) revise A) crucial
C) adopt B) inexpensive
D) abduct C) adamant
E) adapt D) inadequate
E) subsequent
44. When an unknown but gifted artist is finally

recognized, his paintings can become valuable 49. In spite of the gusty wind, they were able to
‑‑‑‑ in the future. put out the fire before it ‑‑‑‑.
A) drills A) fell of
B) accounts B) was taken into account
www.modadil.com
C) sales C) was held out

D) interests D) got out of hand
E) assets E) broke up
45. It is ‑‑‑‑ ten years since AIDS caught the 50. I don’t know how we are going to ‑‑‑‑ the
world’s attention. expected surge of immigrants into the country.
A) formidably A) run through
B) incredibly B) cope with
C) pertinently C) put out
D) roughly D) take down
E) inevitably E) look into
Test
VOCABULARY 3
5. After several attacks to the religious centers
1. ‑ 50. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan in Istanbul, most of the terrorists ‑‑‑‑ their
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi weapons as the result of serious efforts of the
bulunuz. government.
1. Parchment is not as light as papyrus but is A) put out
very ‑‑‑‑; many parchment manuscripts and B) laid down
books from the Middle Ages still exist.
C) made up
A) durable
D) called in
B) erect
E) let off
C) irresistible
D) weak
E) huge
6. Nowadays, people all around the world are

aware of the disastrous results of epidemics 13
2. Between the 1880s and the 1980s the and are starting to take such diseases ‑‑‑‑.
telephone system in the United States had an A) serially
enormous ‑‑‑‑ on the quality of life and work.
B) seriousness
A) affect
C) serious
B) prejudice
D) seriously
C) level
MODADİL
E) in serious
D) effect
E) excuse
7. Heidar Aliev’s son, Ilham Aliev, who

3. ‑‑‑‑ is a medical operation in which a officially ‑‑‑‑ after last month’s election, is a
pregnancy is deliberately ended and the baby western‑minded and well‑educated polyglot.
is not born alive.
A) took over
A) Abduction
B) set off
B) Abbreviation
C) came out
C) Abortion
D) dropped off
www.modadil.com
D) Abdication
E) got around
E) Absorption
4. The interim leadership in Iraq banned an

Arabic television station ‑‑‑‑ it of inciting 8. During the presidency of James Polk, the
violence against the coalition. territory of the United States was greatly ‑‑‑‑.
A) impeaching A) extended
B) charging B) exaggerated
C) discriminating C) suspended
D) blaming D) expanded
E) accusing E) scattered
Test
3 9. Windsor Castle, the ‑‑‑‑ residence of the 13. People curious to get some idea of what it is
British sovereigns, is situated in the municipal like to be black in a country ‑‑‑‑ by whites need
borough of Windsor, or New Windsor, England, look no further than Denis William’s new novel
about 35 km west of London. Crossover.
A) principle A) tempted
B) principal B) undermined
C) prosperous C) perpetrated
D) privilege D) run
E) pesticide E) abolished
Vocabulary
14. It is plain that the United Nations will not lift

the sanctions unless the Iraqi government
10. In order to host the Olympics, a city must ‑‑‑‑ a fully ‑‑‑‑ with the Security Council resolutions.
proposal to the IOC.
A) concerns
A) apply
14 B) summon
B) elaborates
C) complies
C) accede
D) resumes
D) submit
E) accomplishes
E) convey
MODADİL
15. When the chairman tried to explain his views

to the shareholders at the ‑‑‑‑ general meeting,
11. Asthma is a common ‑‑‑‑ in which the airways he was shouted down by them with cries of
lining the lung become inflamed. “Resign!”
A) diagnosis A) annual
B) disease B) minimal
C) issue C) essential
D) patient D) ultimate
E) recovery E) intimate
www.modadil.com
12. From the report released today it appears that 16. Because of their high toxic contents, none of
oil tankers suffer their major ‑‑‑‑ on their return the chemicals can ‑‑‑‑ be permitted for export
journeys. to any country.
A) spills A) vehemently
B) costs B) adequately
C) repairs C) presently
D) drills D) notoriously
E) staff E) equivocally
Test
17. Many countries have begun to take advantage 21. Physically speaking, the Pacific Basin 3
of the ‑‑‑‑ of audio‑visual devices to transcend includes not only all those countries bordering
geographical barriers. on the Pacific coast but also the Pacific island
nations ‑‑‑‑ across the ocean.
A) success
A) adopted
B) force
B) insured
C) result
C) grafted
D) possibility
D) scattered
E) ability
E) expanded
18. The Jewish immigrants, who ‑‑‑‑ the boat in
Vocabulary
England, formed the bulk of the ethnic groups 22. Nearly half of the world’s countries have
arriving in a country historically wary of ‑‑‑‑ capital punishment in law or in practice,
foreigners. and some two dozen of them have done so
formally since 1985.
A) took after
A) accused
B) got off
B) abolished
15
C) turned up
C) executed
D) came over
D) entailed
E) showed off
E) enforced
MODADİL
19. The Carnegie Endowment for International

Peace sees an individual to launch a research
project on the information revolution and its
‑‑‑‑ on international affairs. 23. Since most of the world’s commercial apples
lack genetic diversity, they are unable to ‑‑‑‑ a
A) impact disease or a pest.
B) involvement A) put away
C) requirement B) hold on
D) linkage C) fight off
E) comparison D) get off
E) break out
www.modadil.com
20. Unlike Europe’s stone castles and cathedrals,

America’s historical buildings are often
wood‑framed and so subject to ‑‑‑‑ from 24. The atmosphere ‑‑‑‑ the earth as if it were a
moisture and insects. huge roof.
A) rebuke A) breaks up
B) deficiency B) makes for
C) damage C) hangs over
D) efficiency D) puts out
E) frustration E) runs over
Test
3 25. The objective of this project is to increase the 29. Space research is largely a branch of pure
depth of awareness and understanding in the science, independent of any applications
world, about the causes and consequences which ‑‑‑‑ from it.
of the HIV epidemic through ‑‑‑‑ policies and
programmes. A) base
A) innovative B) insure
B) credible C) reduce
C) meager D) restore
D) ambiguous E) stem
E) poignant
30. The current social security system is ‑‑‑‑

Vocabulary
popular, partly because it is universal and

26. Launched as the new regulatory authority for partly because retirement benefits are related
the country’s banking and insurance sector, to contributions, so most people think the
the National Finance Services Management system is fair.
will extend its activities so as ‑‑‑‑ to cover
more than 40% of the national economy. A) extremely
16 B) likely
A) exceptionally
B) ultimately C) suitably
C) inherently D) indispensably
D) normally E) favourably
E) apparently
MODADİL
31. She is the oldest person in the village, 92

years old to be precise, and has a ‑‑‑‑ word of
27. The 1990s have seen a general ‑‑‑‑ in aid advice for everyone.
to poor countries, largely because of fiscal
pressures in many rich countries. A) fanciful
A) consumption B) faithful
B) decline C) eventful
C) contingency D) futile
D) compassion E) kindly
E) expenditure
www.modadil.com
32. Our challenge is to ‑‑‑‑ our clients with the best

28. The whole business of having meals at fixed possible advice and support enabling them to
‑‑‑‑ is nothing but a social convention and, in take the right decision at both strategic and
modern life, a matter of convenience. operational levels.
A) approaches A) suspend
B) substances B) consult
C) intervals C) improve
D) arrangements D) provide
E) proportions E) respect
Test
33. It is a book rich in ideas and beauty, a book 37. ‑‑‑‑ populated rural Northumberland is one of 3
that ‑‑‑‑ and tries to answer great fundamental the most unspoiled counties in England.
questions and demands the most active
reading one is capable of. A) Sparsely
A) raises B) Hardly
B) attains C) Primarily
C) casts D) Suitably
D) alludes E) Efficiently
E) spreads
Vocabulary
34. Before the meeting begins, it would be 38. Today a very wide spectrum of biological
advisable to remind him that he is not on any scientists are needed, both to develop the
account to ‑‑‑‑ the subject of unemployment biotechnology of the next millennium and to
issues. ensure the ‑‑‑‑ of life on our planet.
A) look through A) explanation
B) bring up B) consumption 17
C) take back C) exhaustion
D) break down D) duration
E) make out E) conservation

MODADİL
39. A hundred years ago the chestnut ‑‑‑‑ a quarter

35. The river Danube rises in Germany and ‑‑‑‑ of the hard wood trees in America.
through central Europe and into the Black Sea.
A) turned down
A) cruises
B) got through
B) spreads
C) made up
C) flows
D) made out
D) conducts
E) put off
E) spills
www.modadil.com
40. Evidence of racial bias in sentencing, helped

36. Anti‑lock brakes ABS helps you to maintain to convince certain states in America to ‑‑‑‑
steering control of your car even while capital punishment in the late 1960s and early
breaking on ‑‑‑‑ roads. 1970s.
A) lonesome A) keep out
B) slow B) rule against
C) reckless C) put out
D) slippery D) point out
E) stagnant E) break through

Test
3 41. Natural disasters have been defined as 46. If you want that post, you’d better apply
ecological disruptions exceeding the quickly; the last day for ‑‑‑‑ applications is
adjustment capacity of community and ‑‑‑‑ Friday.
outside assistance.
A) diversing
A) stepping up
B) withholding
B) dropping off
C) enforcing
C) looking up
D) submitting
D) calling for
E) committing
E) dealing with
47. In this paper I should like to report some of the

42. It is hard for a tiger, especially an results of an ‑‑‑‑ study of two hundred London
inexperienced one, to ‑‑‑‑ how to attack an families.
animal that is facing it.
Vocabulary
A) excessive
A) figure out
B) intrinsic
B) keep away
C) intensive
C) set out
D) emphatic
18 D) fall back
E) apparent
E) run over
48. Recent studies have shown that smokers

43. I wasn’t at all impressed by the ‑‑‑‑ he gave me. are more ‑‑‑‑ to common colds and flu than
non‑smokers.
A) perfection
MODADİL
A) feasible
B) explanation
B) susceptible
C) determination
C) applicable
D) complication
D) dependable
E) negotiation
E) responsible
44. The problem of how to ‑‑‑‑ the vast quantities

of waste we produce requires our urgent 49. For the present, the party is expected to put
attention. its differences aside and campaign ‑‑‑‑ for a
victory at the forthcoming elections.
A) bring up
A) vigorously
B) win over
B) awkwardly
www.modadil.com
C) find out
C) acutely
D) put out
D) distinctly
E) deal with
E) reluctantly
50. Industry has developed rapidly in certain

countries as raw materials are ‑‑‑‑ available
45. Once the children have grown up I shall start there.
travelling again, and I’m really ‑‑‑‑.
A) repeatedly
A) passing on to
B) sparsely
B) waiting up for
C) consequently
C) looking forward to
D) abundantly
D) making up for
E) indefinitely
E) coming up with
Test
VOCABULARY 4
5. California ‑‑‑‑ a mandate that would have
1. ‑ 50. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan forced major automakers to start selling
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi electric vehicles in 1998, which would affect
bulunuz. auto industry negatively in short term.
1. The Organization of African Unity held its 32nd A) backed off
annual ‑‑‑‑ meeting in Yaounde, Cameroon, in B) came against
July.
C) brought about
A) peak
D) set out
B) summit
E) take over
C) top
D) crown
E) pinnacle
6. Ignoring opposition fears of an impending

dictatorship, Venezuelan voters on December
2. The best harvest in four years led to a regional 15, 1999, overwhelmingly approved a new
food ‑‑‑‑, despite serious food problems in constitution that ‑‑‑‑ the authority of President 19
Angola and parts of Mozambique. Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías.
A) ample A) attributes
B) plenty B) conforms
C) surplus C) emancipates
D) abundant D) impeaches
MODADİL
E) fertile E) consolidates
3. The most violent ‑‑‑‑ to peace in West Africa 7. Shared prices ‑‑‑‑, so a lot of people hurried to
was the collapse of the peace process in buy a share and benefit.
Liberia’s capital, Monrovia, in April. A) went over
A) disruption B) called on
B) corruption C) got ahead
C) assumption D) bottomed out
D) consumption E) kept up with
www.modadil.com
E) recession
4. In Albania the ruling Democratic Party 8. During crisis, leaders can ‑‑‑‑ special reports
registered ‑‑‑‑ victories in May‑June from the State Ministry, the Public Security
parliamentary elections and in October local Ministry and the Foreign Ministry, as well as
elections in 1996. from provincial governments.
A) fascinated A) call up
B) embarrassing B) look after
C) unconvinced C) bring up
D) overwhelming D) take off
E) admiring E) put on
Test
4 9. All the fans of the program have been waiting 13. Owing to the shortages in some building
for 15 days and in the end directors are ‑‑‑‑ it materials and labour ‑‑‑‑ in some trades, the
‑‑‑‑ tomorrow. building industry began to make more use of
prefabricated components.
A) getting / off
A) immunity
B) taking / up
B) sincerity
C) putting / out
C) cavity
D) giving / off
D) scarcity
E) cut / off
E) morality
10. Our understanding of the development of

Vocabulary
behaviour has long been hampered by the 14. In a blizzard, the ‑‑‑‑ of very low temperatures,
tendency to ‑‑‑‑ sharply between “innate” and strong wind and suffocating snow often
“acquired” behaviour. proves fatal.
A) exclude A) expectation
20 B) separate B) determination
C) distinguish C) engagement
D) refer D) consistence
E) assess E) combination
MODADİL
11. The government has recently made one million 15. I’m afraid I can’t ‑‑‑‑ the signature on this oil
dollars ‑‑‑‑ for research grants concerning the painting, but it has been signed.
prediction of earthquakes.
A) make out
A) conditional
B) take up
B) available
C) call for
C) appropriate
D) turn back
D) considerable
E) put down
E) vulnerable
www.modadil.com
16. The top research universities in the USA

12. The ozone layer may still act like a protective are ‑‑‑‑ the fact that women researchers are
blanket, but scientists continue to worry about encountering substantial barriers to career
the sun’s ‑‑‑‑ lethal effects. advancement.
A) potentially A) waiting for
B) equivalently B) pulling out of
C) indifferently C) facing up to
D) approximately D) trying out
E) suddenly E) turning off
Test
17. His doctor ‑‑‑‑ advising him to take it easy for 21. In the introduction to this book, the writer ‑‑‑‑ a 4
a while and stop all overtime, but he didn’t foreign policy that makes world peace the top
listen. priority.
A) made out A) calls for
B) kept on B) holds out
C) ran through C) keeps up
D) left out D) makes out
E) played down E) brings about
18. If the ‑‑‑‑ of profits falls in one area of activity,
Vocabulary
entrepreneurs may move their resources to an
industry where the returns are higher. 22. In many countries training for industry has
always been considered to be ‑‑‑‑ the concern
A) phase of industry itself, not of the state.
B) liability A) socially
C) level B) primarily 21
D) stage C) suitably
E) policy D) firmly
E) inherently
MODADİL
19. Because critical periods occur throughout

pregnancy, a woman should continuously ‑‑‑‑
her health.
A) keep in with 23. A basic ‑‑‑‑ of amphibious warfare is
undoubtedly command of the sea.
B) put up with
A) withdrawal
C) find out
B) obsession
D) take good care of
C) determination
E) come up with
D) concession
E) requirement
www.modadil.com
20. In the early twentieth century, a number of

scientists, who had been trained as physicists,
were interested in the study of biological
organisms, and their efforts ‑‑‑‑ the field we 24. Bacteria have a remarkable capacity for ‑‑‑‑
now call molecular biology. tolerance to previously lethal drugs.
A) took leave of A) acquiring
B) made up for B) denouncing
C) gave rise to C) deceiving
D) showed off D) repudiating
E) fell apart E) expanding
Test
4 25. Even quite late in the twentieth century 29. The distinction between a language and a
many men assumed that entry into certain dialect is a ‑‑‑‑ difficult one.
professions was their ‑‑‑‑ right.
A) precisely
A) independent
B) notoriously
B) exclusive
C) compulsively
C) adequate
D) suitably
D) extensive
E) pliably
E) unaccountable
30. Japan is often ‑‑‑‑ as an example of a country

that has managed to keep its national defence
Vocabulary
orientated industries entirely separate from

26. Now that formal ‑‑‑‑ has been given by the foreign‑owned companies.
government, the project team can be recruited.
A) deduced
A) comment
B) delayed
B) apprehension
22 C) cheated
C) approval
D) withdrawn
D) expression
E) cited
E) determination
MODADİL
31. The general feeling in the court was that

27. Certain new findings suggest that young several of the witnesses were ‑‑‑‑ information
calves may be more ‑‑‑‑ than older cows to that could have a direct bearing upon the case.
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
A) expressing
A) reluctant
B) withholding
B) hazardous
C) avoiding
C) intimate
D) disrupting
D) susceptible
E) decreasing
E) comparative
www.modadil.com
32. The population of the underdeveloped

28. Champions of the green movement regard the countries is growing so fast that the
internal combustion machine as one of the agricultural activities there are unable to ‑‑‑‑
biggest ‑‑‑‑ in history. the progressively rising demand for food.
A) disasters A) keep up with
B) rejections B) look out for
C) admissions C) make sure of
D) denials D) bring up
E) intentions E) set out
Test
33. Among the Maori of New Zealand, each 37. In the wake of yet another financial scandal, 4
community has developed its own way of ‑‑‑‑ the chief accountant handed in his ‑‑‑‑ to the
crimes and has chosen a number of different director.
punishments to match them.
A) retirement
A) holding up
B) abundance
B) coming along
C) promotion
C) dealing with
D) resignation
D) paying for
E) vacancy
E) taking out
38. The American constitution with its various
Vocabulary
34. Acid rain only became a/an ‑‑‑‑ environmental constraints ‑‑‑‑ to protect citizens can actually
issue in the 1980s following groundbreaking shield criminals.
studies in the 1970s.
A) discovered
A) previous
B) complained
B) deceitful
C) convinced 23
C) heedless
D) designed
D) destructive
E) displayed
E) prominent
MODADİL
35. Using the dam to generate power would not

‑‑‑‑ the treaty with the neighboring country, but 39. The foreman has a way of making most people
diverting water out of the river. do what he wants, but somehow I don’t think
he’ll manage to ‑‑‑‑ the new director!
A) intimidate
A) get around
B) betray
B) make up for
C) violate
C) turn over
D) convert
D) keep up with
E) inhale
E) rule against
www.modadil.com
36. The ‑‑‑‑ that terrorists use to move money

from regions that finance them to their target 40. The man who created the first computer
country are often identical to those used by virus has been sentenced to 20 months in an
criminal gangs. American federal prison, and it is generally
agreed that the he has been ‑‑‑‑ very lightly.
A) regulations
A) shown upon
B) methods
B) let off
C) provisions
C) taken down
D) laws
D) given up
E) confessions
E) brought about
Test
4 41. What are some of the things that differentially 46. North Korea is ‑‑‑‑ to abandon its nuclear
affect siblings and help ‑‑‑‑ their success or programme without specific security
failure? guarantees from America and promises of lots
of aid.
A) pursue
A) sincere
B) recognize
B) nasty
C) determine
C) boastful
D) reinstate
D) unlikely
E) recreate
E) provisional
42. Sponsorship is being increasingly allowed in

schools provided it is regarded as being ‑‑‑‑ 47. Sometimes a seemingly modest business deal
with educational curricula. can change the whole ‑‑‑‑ of an industry.
A) considerate A) expansion
Vocabulary
B) predictable B) expression
C) conclusive C) course
D) compatible D) relapse
E) provocative E) vigor
24
43. The discovery of a ‑‑‑‑ cancer causing 48. He admitted that he was resigning from
chemical in foods like crisps, chips and the post because he felt it did not make
cereals caused shockwaves around the world a sufficient call on the combative and ‑‑‑‑
when it hit the headlines earlier this year. elements of his nature.
MODADİL
A) potentially A) introverted
B) remarkably B) self‑assertive
C) controversially C) saved
D) unforgettably D) self‑contained
E) concisely E) submissive
44. Each year, large amounts of carbon monoxide 49. If he wants the contract he must let us know
are ‑‑‑‑ into the atmosphere by automobiles by Tuesday; we can’t keep the offer open ‑‑‑‑.
and factories. A) infinitely
A) absorbed B) decisively
B) emitted C) convincingly
www.modadil.com
C) exchanged D) reluctantly
D) rejected E) indefinitely
E) compelled
50. Many African governments are ‑‑‑‑ financial

collapse and survive only on the strength
45. At present, interest rates are comparatively‑‑‑‑; of aid and donations from international
let’s hope they remain that way. organization.
A) steady A) in line with
B) uneasy B) in the case of
C) consecutive C) in excess of
D) frequent D) on the verge of
E) comprehensive E) in place with
Test
GRAMMAR 1
5. The arctic is one of the few areas ‑‑‑‑ earth still
1. ‑ 50. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan left unconquered ‑‑‑‑ solo explorers, primarily
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi because of the extremely harsh conditions.
bulunuz.
A) of / for
1. Experts ‑‑‑‑ that by 2020, robots ‑‑‑‑ for many of B) over / from
the elderly people in the world.
C) in / with
A) will have believed / are caring
D) on/by
B) have believed / would be caring
E) for/to
C) believed / had cared
D) will believe / will have been caring
E) believe / will be caring
6. The main difference ‑‑‑‑ the comedy of ideas

and other forms ‑‑‑‑ comedy is that it does not
depend on a situation for its humour.
2. Orphan elephants need ‑‑‑‑ the same A) about / in 25
companionship as they ‑‑‑‑ from their mothers B) through / for
in the wild.
C) between / of
A) to have given / had received
D) over / from
B) to be given / would have received
E) with / at
C) having given / will be receiving
MODADİL
D) to have been given / would receive

E) being given / are receiving
7. From a very early age it is clear that some

people are ‑‑‑‑ better at drawing and painting
‑‑‑‑ the majority of us.
3. He ‑‑‑‑ alive now if only he ‑‑‑‑ to go back into A) much / than
the burning house for something. B) more / than
A) will be / wouldn’t have decided C) so / as
B) is / hasn’t decided D) either / or
C) could be / wouldn’t decide E) even / such as
D) would be / hadn’t decided
www.modadil.com
E) should be / hasn’t decided
8. Many ordinary people don’t realize that fat is

4. The first people ‑‑‑‑ non‑stop round the world not digested in the stomach, ‑‑‑‑ in the small
‑‑‑‑ captain James Gallagher and his crew. intestine.
A) to have flown / have been A) although
B) being flown / are B) but
C) to fly / were C) because
D) to be flying / had been D) unless
E) having been flown / will be E) while
Test
1 9. He adores his little granddaughter so he’ll do 13. One professor who ‑‑‑‑ on the development of
‑‑‑‑ she wants him to do. robots ‑‑‑‑ us that robots could take over the
world.
A) all of them
A) has worked / will have warned
B) however
B) was working / would warn
C) whatever
C) is working / has warned
D) most of all
D) worked / will warn
E) the same
E) had worked / warns
10. His Collected Essays continues to reveal ‑‑‑‑

Grammar
George Orwell understood the basic conflicts 14. By the year 2020, he ‑‑‑‑ here for 30 years.
of the modern world.
A) will have been working
A) just as
B) will work
B) so well
26 C) had worked
C) if ever
D) will be working
D) how well
E) has been working
E) even so
MODADİL
11. The name “Kızılırmak” emphasizes the colour

of this river, ‑‑‑‑ the earlier name “Halys” 15. By the time the boss ‑‑‑‑, his secretary ‑‑‑‑
stresses its saltiness. typing the report.
A) whereas A) had arrived / finished
B) therefore B) arrives / has finished
C) whereby C) has arrived / is finishing
D) moreover D) is arriving / finishes
E) indeed E) arrived / had finished

www.modadil.com
12. The film Casablanca, the story ‑‑‑‑ is set in

Morocco during World War II, stars Humphrey 16. I don’t want us to be late for the meeting, so
Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. we ‑‑‑‑ take a taxi.
A) whose A) have had to
B) of which B) are able to
C) by whom C) had to
D) whichever D) had better
E) what E) needed
Test
17. This will be the first time that Tarkan is giving 21. The new personnel manager told us that he 1
a concert in the US, ‑‑‑‑? had visited ‑‑‑‑ countries in Europe.
A) won’t it A) a great deal of
B) won’t he B) a number of
C) is he C) much
D) isn’t it D) as many
E) will it E) a little
18. When he had grown accustomed to their ways, 22. An earthquake is a movement of the earth’s
Grammar
he began to feel an increasing admiration ‑‑‑‑ surface ‑‑‑‑ follows a setting free of energy at
and understanding ‑‑‑‑ their tribal customs. the surface of the earth.
A) of / by A) where
B) to / in B) when
27
C) from / for C) whose
D) for / of D) whom
E) over / at E) which
MODADİL
19. A great many artists are clearly fascinated ‑‑‑‑ 23. ‑‑‑‑ so many of the team members were ill, it’s
the sea and paint it ‑‑‑‑ all its different moods. not surprising that we lost the match.
A) with / at A) In contrast
B) from /for B) Due to
C) to / by C) Since
D) over / through D) Likewise
E) by / in E) Nonetheless
www.modadil.com
20. My books are still on the table where I left ‑‑‑‑, 24. ‑‑‑‑ broke the window will have to pay for a
but ‑‑‑‑ have been stolen. new one.
A) mine / they A) Who
B) us / those B) Whoever
C) them / hers C) Anyone
D) those / these D) Someone
E) hers / mine E) The one
Test
1 25. He ‑‑‑‑ a book in the garden when I ‑‑‑‑ there. 29. I suppose we can take a walk in the garden for
a while after the meal, ‑‑‑‑?
A) will read / have got
A) don’t we
B) is reading / will get
B) won’t I
C) was reading / got
C) can’t we
D) would be reading / was getting
D) can we
E) had read / had got
E) do I
30. For years the people ‑‑‑‑ my hometown

Grammar
26. I’m sure he ‑‑‑‑ to let us know where he was if depended ‑‑‑‑ steel, coal and fishing for their
he ‑‑‑‑ able to do so. livelihood.
A) telephoned / would be A) at / for
B) will have telephoned / was B) from / to
28 C) would telephone / has been C) of / by
D) has telephoned / is D) in / on
E) would have telephoned / had been E) out of / on
MODADİL
31. Because Susan was looking very sad, John

27. The house looked dreadful as no one was tried to cheer her ‑‑‑‑ by reading her a story.
living there and most of the windows ‑‑‑‑. A) up
A) have been broken B) through
B) had been broken C) in
C) broke D) over
D) were being broken E) on
E) would have broken
www.modadil.com
32. There’s a photograph here ‑‑‑‑ you taken ‑‑‑‑

28. They ‑‑‑‑ Bursa before, so they ‑‑‑‑ what to your first birthday.
expect.
A) from / by
A) weren’t visiting / haven’t known
B) by / to
B) haven’t visited / didn’t know
C) of / on
C) didn’t visit / hadn’t known
D) to / over
D) don’t visit / won’t know
E) on / near
E) hadn’t visited / didn’t know
Test
33. When the class laughed, the poor boy felt ‑‑‑‑ 37. During recent years, many people ‑‑‑‑ 1
uncomfortable ‑‑‑‑ he didn’t know whether to interested in Turkish music.
keep his cap in his hand or not.
A) might become
A) such / that
B) are becoming
B) that / as
C) had become
C) as / as
D) would become
D) more / than
E) have become
E) so / that
38. If I ‑‑‑‑ you were on your own, I ‑‑‑‑ you to come
Grammar
34. I’m afraid I can’t afford to pay ‑‑‑‑ that for a pair round here for the day.
of shoes.
A) knew / have asked
A) too much
B) have known / will have asked
B) as much as
C) had known / would have asked 29
C) so much
D) would know / had asked
D) as many as
E) know / will ask
E) much more
MODADİL
35. If Clare says she won’t lend you ‑‑‑‑ calculator,

then I’ll lend you ‑‑‑‑. 39. I hope that, by next summer, I ‑‑‑‑ up enough
money to go to Italy for a holiday.
A) hers / ours
A) will have saved
B) his / me
B) would have saved
C) her / mine
C) would save
D) their / him
D) have saved
E) your / his
E) had saved
www.modadil.com
36. He hasn’t written to me, and I don’t think he’s

written to any of his other friends, ‑‑‑‑. 40. Sally worked all the weekend to finish the
project in time, but actually she ‑‑‑‑ so.
A) either
A) couldn’t have done
B) too
B) wouldn’t have done
C) as well
C) doesn’t have to do
D) neither
D) may not do
E) also
E) needn’t have done
Test
1 41. This is the first time you have ever driven a 46. You can look at this plan for the new sports
car, ‑‑‑‑? centre ‑‑‑‑ closely ‑‑‑‑ you like but I don’t think
you will be able to understand it.
A) is this
A) as / as
B) hasn’t it
B) so / that
C) isn’t it
C) such / that
D) have you
D) more / than
E) aren’t you
E) just / as
42. I enjoyed this book so much; I want to read

another by ‑‑‑‑ author. 47. The Great Pyramid of Khufu, ‑‑‑‑ is near Cairo,
is one of the most famous monuments in the
A) such world.
B) similar A) who
Grammar
C) same B) where
D) a certain C) which
E) the same D) whom
30 E) what
43. A woman from Denmark has recently moved

‑‑‑‑ the flat ‑‑‑‑ mine.
48. ‑‑‑‑ bicycles are all red, ‑‑‑‑ is the only blue one.
A) up / in
A) Theirs / yours
B) into / next to
MODADİL
B) Others / his
C) to / at
C) Ours / hers
D) about/in front of
D) The other / mine
E) through / above
E) Your / him
49. After the race, the winner said he had run ‑‑‑‑
44. The film “Brave Heart” is ‑‑‑‑ long. It lasts ‑‑‑‑ his life had depended on it.
three hours.
A) in order to
A) rather / for
B) such as
B) too / on
C) even if
C) quite / in
D) in case
www.modadil.com
D) very / at
E) as though
E) so / into
45. ‑‑‑‑ appearing every four to seven years as it 50. ‑‑‑‑ you take a package holiday ‑‑‑‑ travel
used to, “El Nino” has now been appearing independently depends on how adventurous
consecutively for a number of years. and imaginative you are.
A) On account of A) More / than
B) In view of B) Such / as
C) Because of C) Either / or
D) In case of D) Whether / or
E) Instead of E) If / while
Test
GRAMMAR 2
5. We know nothing at all about the company’s
1. ‑ 50. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan new chairman ‑‑‑‑ that he’s just had his fiftieth
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi birthday.
bulunuz.
A) since
1. He invariably gets ‑‑‑‑ he wants but B) also
unfortunately this is usually at the expense of
others. C) in case
A) whose D) on condition
B) that E) except
C) whether
D) what
E) if
6. For the business to be really successful, team

work is essential and the members of the team
must be supportive of ‑‑‑‑. 31
2. What public attention focuses ‑‑‑‑ is infant A) each of them
mortality as a prime indicator of changes in a
society’s health. B) the other ones
A) on C) themselves
B) to D) one another
C) at E) the other one
MODADİL
D) behind
E) into
7. The testimony of the second witness didn’t

surprise me at all; ‑‑‑‑ the account he gave was
3. He looked ‑‑‑‑ nervously ‑‑‑‑ his shoulder more or less what I had expected from him.
hoping that no one was paying him any
attention. A) on the other hand
A) out / from B) as a matter of fact
B) up / through C) in contrast
C) back / over D) consequently
www.modadil.com
D) down / from E) nevertheless

E) in / for
8. I don’t like the timetable they have given me;

4. ‑‑‑‑ hard he works, he’ll never be the equal of all my classes are after lunch but I would ‑‑‑‑
his father, he’s not capable of it. rather teach in the morning.
A) So A) much
B) However B) more
C) As C) as
D) Although D) many
E) Just as E) even
Test
2 9. I’ve given up expecting them to act sensibly, 13. Of course my suspicions ‑‑‑‑ by the confused
but their behavior on this occasion was ‑‑‑‑ way, in which she ‑‑‑‑ answers to my
irrational than usual. questions.
A) the most A) have been awakened /was stammering
B) so much B) were awakened / stammered
C) even more C) awakened / stammered
D) far much D) would have awakened/had stammered
E) the more E) would be awakened/has stammered
10. ‑‑‑‑ of the questions they asked at the interview

Grammar
were ‑‑‑‑ what I expected.

14. When he ‑‑‑‑ that very rash promise he didn’t
A) Some / more realize what he ‑‑‑‑ himself in for.
B) Each /such A) will make/would let
C) All / so B) has made/lets
32
D) Any / about C) made / was letting
E) None / quite D) was making/ has let
E) makes / was letting
MODADİL
11. Of course, it can never be proved, but just the

same, some people think that it ‑‑‑‑ better for
these children if they had been forcibly taken 15. Indeed, on both sides, it ‑‑‑‑ that the decisive
away from their families. battles ‑‑‑‑ on the plains of Flanders and
northeast France.
A) may be
A) has to be foreseen / have been fighting
B) will have been
B) has been foreseen / have been fought
C) had been
C) could have been foreseen / will fight
D) would have been
D) was foreseen / would be fought
E) must be
E) would be foreseen / could be fought
www.modadil.com
12. Actually, most of the crimes that ‑‑‑‑ last year

were not connected with violence, but this is 16. The outbreak of fire in the underground ‑‑‑‑
not the picture that ‑‑‑‑ up from watching TV an excellent opportunity for ‑‑‑‑ a no‑smoking
coverage of the topic. rule.
A) were committed / builds A) will provide/ to be enforced
B) have been committed / has been built B) provided /having enforced
C) were being committed / was built C) would provide / to enforce
D) had committed / would build D) provided / enforcing
E) will be committed/ had been built E) had provided /being enforced

Test
17. Naturally I will come to you for advice 21. Could this possibly be the firm’s new buyer 2
whenever I feel in need of ‑‑‑‑. ‑‑‑‑ reputation, if we are to believe the
newspapers, is not quite what it should be?
A) them
A) whom
B) one
B) in which
C) some
C) whatever
D) none
D) what
E) another
E) whose
22. ‑‑‑‑ takes on the task of investigating these

18. We’ve had some pretty good directors over the
Grammar
particular allegations is going to run into a lot
years but Dr. Radcliff is ‑‑‑‑ the most capable of difficulties.
of them.
A) Whatever
A) by far
B) Anyone
B) over all
C) Whatsoever 33
C) just in
D) Whoever
D) as much
E) Whichever
E) too much
MODADİL
23. His scheme, with all its shortcomings, will

19. The committee showed their wholehearted inevitably be pushed through ‑‑‑‑ we can
approval of the designs he submitted, and ‑‑‑‑. produce one, by Tuesday, which is obviously
A) me, too much more feasible.
B) so did I A) what
C) so have I B) so that
D) so we do C) unless
E) we also had D) moreover
E) in case
www.modadil.com
20. The other climbers were all for giving up the 24. ‑‑‑‑ he gives the appearance of sincerity and
attempt, but it was ‑‑‑‑ impossible to convince reliability, just remember that you can’t trust
him of the need to do so. him an inch.
A) too A) Though
B) such B) That
C) quite C) Despite
D) as D) Nevertheless
E) so E) So
Test
2 25. On that occasion, he really was ‑‑‑‑ luck; it was 29. When that happened, their hopes ‑‑‑‑ because
as if every thing had combined ‑‑‑‑ him. the army ‑‑‑‑ its most trusted leaders.
A) up to / with A) wane / lost
B) away from / behind B) are waning / loses
C) out of / against C) waned / had lost
D) into / upon D) were waning / has lost
E) on to / over E) have waned / lost
26. Few sociologists will admit that a city is 30. They ‑‑‑‑ the advantages and the
Grammar
distinct ‑‑‑‑ a village merely ‑‑‑‑ the number of disadvantages of the takeover when I ‑‑‑‑ them
its inhabitants. an hour or so later.
A) of / for A) will discuss / would rejoin
B) from / by B) have discussed / am rejoining
34
C) to / over C) are discussing / will rejoin
D) in / through D) were discussing / rejoined
E) off / upon E) would discuss / rejoined
MODADİL
27. Water has a moderating effect on temperature, 31. The doctors are of the opinion that if the
‑‑‑‑ summer and midday heat, and winter and disorder ‑‑‑‑ a few months earlier it ‑‑‑‑ treated
midnight cold. successfully.
A) having been diminished A) had been diagnosed / could have been
B) having diminished B) were diagnosed / would be
C) to diminish C) has been diagnosed / will be
D) being diminished D) is being diagnosed / is being
E) diminishing E) were to be diagnosed / were
www.modadil.com
28. Of course nobody knows what the outcome of

the election ‑‑‑‑, but at the moment Malcom ‑‑‑‑ 32. We still ‑‑‑‑ that any changes in the law along
as the most likely candidate. these lines ‑‑‑‑ to our advantage.
A) would be / is being regarded A) had believed / will have been
B) is / has been regarded B) believed / has been
C) was / would be regarded C) have believed / would be
D) will be / is regarded D) would believe / were being
E) has been / has been regarded E) believe / will be
Test
33. When the relief workers reached the scene of 37. The scheme has been ‑‑‑‑ consideration for a 2
the disaster, they immediately began to help long time now, but I doubt whether it will ever
‑‑‑‑ who could do nothing for ‑‑‑‑. be put ‑‑‑‑ effect.
A) that / himself A) under / into
B) them / their B) within / through
C) those / themselves C) for / to
D) these / ourselves D) in / off
E) us / ourselves E) over / in
34. The very idea of establishing a literary “canon” 38. It was ‑‑‑‑ his efforts that the two sides finally
Grammar
has become ‑‑‑‑ controversial that the people agreed to hold talks ‑‑‑‑ the principles of
running the Library of America have wisely economic cooperation.
avoided using the term.
A) by / through
A) much
B) with / for
B) as
C) through / on 35
C) such
D) with / at
D) so
E) without / from
E) more
MODADİL
39. I was forced to admit that there was a drop in

35. They haven’t met for twelve years or more, but sales towards the end of the year ‑‑‑‑ he had
I understand they still write to ‑‑‑‑ at regular predicted.
intervals.
A) such as
A) the other
B) even if
B) each other
C) in case
C) themselves
D) just as
D) another
E) so far as
E) one other
www.modadil.com
40. Under these circumstances he should never

have been allowed to take charge of the
36. It was foolish of me to turn down such an operation ‑‑‑‑ he was the most senior of the
offer; in fact ‑‑‑‑ I think about it, ‑‑‑‑ I regret it. officers available.
A) as much / so much more A) whyever
B) the more / so much B) whether
C) much / as much C) although
D) the most / so much D) whenever
E) the more / the more E) however
Test
2 41. Why can’t you admit that, ‑‑‑‑ hard he works, 46. They set up a liaison office in East Africa for
he will never manage to achieve what his elder marketing their goods but now they wish they
brother has achieved? ‑‑‑‑ so.
A) unless A) had not done
B) whatsoever B) have not done
C) even though C) would not do
D) whenever D) would not have done
E) however E) never did
42. Many more people would doubtlessly have 47. Had they apologized for deliberately
attended the debate ‑‑‑‑ they had known in overcharging me, I ‑‑‑‑ a complaint with the
advance who the principal speakers were. Consumers’ Rights Office.
A) if only A) will not have filed
Grammar
B) while B) may not have filed

C) as C) would not have filed
D) after D) was not filing
36 E) until E) might not file
43. If our delegates hadn’t shown themselves 48. We ‑‑‑‑ no problems whatsoever with the dam
eager to come to terms, those from other since it ‑‑‑‑ forty years ago.
countries ‑‑‑‑.
A) had / has been constructed
MODADİL
A) would be, too

B) have had / was constructed
B) wouldn’t have, either
C) had had / had been constructed
C) had not, either
D) are having / is constructed
D) have had, too
E) will have / is being constructed
E) would have, too
49. By the early 1990s nuclear weapons could be

44. In recent decades the efficiency of the United designed, tested and maintained ‑‑‑‑ complete
Nations ‑‑‑‑ by a growing number of countries. secrecy, without having to worry ‑‑‑‑ enemies
exploiting information from live tests.
A) will have been questioned
A) from / over
B) was questioned
B) by / for
www.modadil.com
C) had been questioned

C) in / about
D) is being questioned
D) within / with
E) has been questioned
E) through / by
45. It seems likely that, by the end of the week,

the costs involved in the construction of the 50. ‑‑‑‑ James assures me that he’s telling the truth,
bridge ‑‑‑‑ by the Ministry. I’m pretty sure that he’s actually telling a lie.
A) would have been announced A) On the contrary
B) would be announced B) Just as
C) are being announced C) So as
D) will have been announced D) Whenever
E) had been announced E) As if
Test
GRAMMAR 3
5. The orders were that we ‑‑‑‑ the area within
1. ‑ 50. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan hours to prevent further loss of life.
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi
bulunuz. A) have evacuated
B) have to evacuate
1. There ‑‑‑‑ many efforts to eradicate racism, but
very little success ‑‑‑‑. C) will have evacuated
A) were / had been achieved D) had to evacuate
B) had been / would have been achieved E) will have to evacuate
C) have been / has been achieved
D) are / was achieved
E) might be / will have been achieved
6. Economic recession and rising unemployment
coupled ‑‑‑‑ continued increases ‑‑‑‑ retail food
prices, have curtailed consumption.
A) with / in
2. He ‑‑‑‑ his paper by saying that the entire B) through / through 37
history of human race ‑‑‑‑ by transfers of
cultural and technological advances from one C) by / for
civilization to another.
D) at / about
A) concluded / had been marked
E) within / above
B) concludes / would have been marked
C) has concluded / was marked
MODADİL
D) had concluded / is marked

E) will conclude / was marked
7. In Ethiopia, primitive farming practices and

uncontrolled clearing of natural vegetation
have transformed much of the country’s
highlands ‑‑‑‑ bore landscapes, all but
3. Evaporation ‑‑‑‑ the process by which a solid destroyed ‑‑‑‑ erosion.
or liquid ‑‑‑‑ into vapor by heat. A) above / of
A) had been / resolved B) for / with
B) was / had resolved C) into / by
C) has been / resolved D) in / under
D) may be / has resolved E) to / in
www.modadil.com
E) is / is resolved
8. The advance in the steel industry has been

4. The Etruscan, who ‑‑‑‑ a great part of Italy marked ‑‑‑‑ a progressive increase ‑‑‑‑ size,
about 900 B. C., ‑‑‑‑ from Asia Minor. complexity, and capital outlay.
A) had colonized / originally came A) at / about
B) colonized / had originally come B) with / to
C) were colonized / have originally come C) over / from
D) have colonized / originally came D) by / in
E) were colonizing / might originally come E) under / through
Test
3 9. The answer to the question ‑‑‑‑ great art can 13. The Deputy Prime Minister announced today
exist independently of religion will ‑‑‑‑ depend that it was ‑‑‑‑ early to propose amendments in
on society’s moral and aesthetic values. the legislation concerning industry relations.
A) what / in the same way A) as much as
B) even if / in due course B) just so
C) whether / to a large extent C) just as
D) so that / in short D) as soon as
E) as / now and again E) as yet too
14. Activists are those in political movement who

Grammar
insist on taking active steps towards their

10. Thailand has lost half its forests ‑‑‑‑ its objectives ‑‑‑‑ merely putting toward an action
population has ‑‑‑‑ doubled in recent decades. programme.
A) as / more than A) in order to
B) just as / mostly
38 B) rather than
C) so as / soon C) as far as
D) in case / quite D) so that
E) because / much E) so long as
MODADİL
15. He is diplomatically qualified ‑‑‑‑ to negotiate

11. Clifford Goerts, probably ‑‑‑‑ famous for a mutual reduction of the armed forces in
anthropologist in the world today, has the region.
revolutionized the way anthropology is taught A) enough
on campuses.
B) though
A) a most
C) as well as
B) most
D) both
C) the most
E) also
D) the more
E) a more
www.modadil.com
16. As he was not satisfied with the contents of

12. Holding a yellow umbrella in his hand, he said the document, he declined to sign it, and none
he didn’t know ‑‑‑‑ it was, and added that it of the members attempted to persuade him to,
was not ‑‑‑‑. ‑‑‑‑.
A) which / him A) neither
B) whose / his B) too
C) who / her C) as well
D) whom / us D) either
E) that / their E) yet
Test
17. Of all the policies put into effect by the 21. The lawyer decided to call ‑‑‑‑ of the witnesses 3
Thatcher governments ‑‑‑‑ controversial was only and paid no attention to ‑‑‑‑.
the economic one.
A) both / others
A) a most
B) the two / any other
B) the more
C) two / the others
C) the most
D) some / another
D) more
E) all / some others
E) mostly
18. If the others hadn’t voted in favour of the

22. Several experts were working on the project,
Grammar
younger candidate, I probably wouldn’t have
done so, ‑‑‑‑. and each came up with some interesting
proposals, and naturally ‑‑‑‑ claimed that ‑‑‑‑
A) even was the best.
B) too A) many / all
C) neither B) some / its 39
D) as well C) we / it
E) either D) all / he
E) each / his
MODADİL
19. Today the expansion of knowledge in

astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology
is ‑‑‑‑ vast and complex, and multiplying ‑‑‑‑ 23. We were prevented ‑‑‑‑ completing the project
quickly to be mastered fully. ‑‑‑‑ time due to unforeseen circumstances.
A) so / that A) from / on
B) just as / as B) in / by
C) as well / as C) by / in
D) such / that D) at / over
E) too / too E) for / in

www.modadil.com
24. The Hollywood studio system in film‑making,

20. Scientists depend on computers to model which began ‑‑‑‑ 1920 and flourished from the
phenomena ‑‑‑‑ would ‑‑‑‑ be difficult to early 1930s ‑‑‑‑ the 1950s is unique in Western
observe. culture.
A) whereby / in case A) throughout / into
B) such as / nonetheless B) around / through
C) which / nevertheless C) by / until
D) that / otherwise D) within / before
E) so that / in fact E) along / till

Test
3 25. ‑‑‑‑ the embargo imposed on us is lifted in the 29. For a hundred years or so some critics ‑‑‑‑
near future, we can’t hope for any economic that poetry is dying, and all that time poets
recovery. ‑‑‑‑ poems that later generations recognize as
great.
A) Although
A) have maintained / have been writing
B) While
B) maintained / wrote
C) Because
C) had maintained / were writing
D) In case
D) maintain / are writing
E) Unless
E) would maintain / have been writing
26. ‑‑‑‑ proving useful in many scientific fields,

Grammar
computer‑generated knowledge, ‑‑‑‑ Professor 30. What I ‑‑‑‑ is that we ‑‑‑‑ to think seriously
Hayes acknowledges, is not without pitfalls. about a thorough reform in the legal system.
A) Although / since A) have proposed / should have begun
B) Since / while B) had proposed / were beginning
40 C) While / as C) am proposing / begin
D) As long as / even if D) was proposing / have begun
E) Once / whether or not E) proposed / have begun
MODADİL
27. ‑‑‑‑ suggestions he may make as regards the 31. When the Italian astronomer Giovanni
tax rate, let’s not give any response ‑‑‑‑ we’ve Schiaparelli ‑‑‑‑ a map of Mars in 1877, he ‑‑‑‑ a
discussed the matter thoroughly together. large number of straight linear features, which
he called “canali”, that is, channels.
A) However / when
A) publishes / noted
B) Whatever / until
B) had published / was noting
C) Whyever / after
C) has published / notes
D) Whatsoever / then
D) published / noted
E) Whenever / before
E) would have published / had noted
www.modadil.com
28. Most newspapers are of the opinion that if a

majority of Scots really ‑‑‑‑ independence, the 32. If we ‑‑‑‑ the terms of the contract, all the
British Parliament has no option but ‑‑‑‑ to paint‑work in the building ‑‑‑‑ finished by the
their wishes. 15th of next month.
A) did want / had acceded A) are to meet / will have to be
B) wanted / have acceded B) were meeting / will be
C) had wanted / would have acceded C) met / would have had to be
D) do want / to accede D) had met / is being
E) would have wanted / have acceded E) would meet / was being
Test
33. As the decade ‑‑‑‑ to wind down, Mark 37. If they ‑‑‑‑ what sort of a person he was, they 3
Morris ‑‑‑‑ as our century’s youngest great ‑‑‑‑ him their support.
choreographer.
A) would know / didn’t give
A) has begun / had stood
B) know / won’t give
B) will begin / is standing
C) had known / wouldn’t have given
C) was beginning / stood
D) would have known / hadn’t given
D) begins / stands
E) knew / haven’t given
E) is beginning / has been standing
38. I don’t imagine he wrote the speech ‑‑‑‑ but ‑‑‑‑
Grammar
34. Of the many attempts that ‑‑‑‑ to regulate did so certainly made a good job of it.
language one way or another, very few ‑‑‑‑.
A) for them / whoever
A) were made / had succeeded
B) of his / somebody
B) have been made / have succeeded
C) by him / they 41
C) are made / succeeded
D) himself / whoever
D) could have been made / will succeed
E) themselves / whichever
E) are made / may have succeeded
MODADİL
39. Since ‑‑‑‑ of our employees can afford cars

35. An acorn, left to itself becomes an oak, and of ‑‑‑‑ own, they all have to rely on public
a geneticist ‑‑‑‑ its DNA to make it grow into transport.
an elm may justly be said ‑‑‑‑ with its natural
course. A) few / them
A) altering / to have interfered B) some / his
B) having altered / to interfere C) none / their
C) to alter / having interfered D) most / our
D) being altered / interfered E) many / its
E) to have altered / to be interfered

www.modadil.com
36. In the past few months, our company director

40. There are situations ‑‑‑‑ the best way to help
‑‑‑‑ more mettle than most industrialist ‑‑‑‑ in
the patient is to help him die peacefully.
an entire career.
A) from which
A) had shown / did
B) in that
B) showed / would do
C) when
C) shows / did
D) for whom
D) was showing / may have done
E) in which
E) has shown / do
Test
3 41. He’s certainly going to suggest that the 46. ‑‑‑‑ he was campaigning for re‑election last
changes in the structure of the company be year, he promised that, ‑‑‑‑ re‑elected, he would
introduced step by step, and ‑‑‑‑. undertake to restructure the party.
A) so I am A) Wherever / lest
B) so am I B) Since / while
C) so do I C) As / since
D) I do, too D) While / unless
E) I also do E) When / if
42. Do you really believe that the party 47. ‑‑‑‑ the terms of the forthcoming trade
programme, ‑‑‑‑ it now stands, is democratic agreement, Japan wins parity ‑‑‑‑ the US.
‑‑‑‑ to influence the vote in our favour?
A) Through / above
A) as / enough
B) By / in
B) since / also
Grammar
C) From / from
C) where / as well
D) Under / with
D) such as / too
E) After / over
E) like / even
42
48. We have yet to take ‑‑‑‑ consideration the
problem of how large future national armies
should eventually be, regardless ‑‑‑‑ their
43. Private investments play ‑‑‑‑ important a current size.
part in the country’s long‑running economic
expansion ‑‑‑‑ no government dares to A) onto / at
increase taxation on personal savings.
B) in / in
MODADİL
A) too / that
C) for / on
B) such / as
D) under / from
C) much / so
E) into / of
D) so / that
E) so / as
49. With the help of a fifth of the white voters Mr.

Jackson was elected mayor of Atlanta in 1973,
and ‑‑‑‑ became the first black mayor of a
44. His proposal ‑‑‑‑ the new social security policy major southern city.
seems more viable than any of the others.
A) nevertheless
A) on account
B) thus
B) due to
C) even so
C) owing to
www.modadil.com
D) yet
D) in case of
E) otherwise
E) as regards
50. It seems from the Chinese experience that an

45. ‑‑‑‑ the recent rise in unemployment largely authoritarian state can open its economy to
affects eastern Germany, there is considerable international forces without ‑‑‑‑ collapsing ‑‑‑‑
unrest in western Germany, too. becoming more democratic.
A) Despite A) either / or
B) In case B) not / but
C) Although C) hardly / when
D) However D) neither / nor
E) Until E) no sooner / than
Test
GRAMMAR 4
5. It won’t be safe to find a replacement for him,
1. ‑ 50. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan for ‑‑‑‑ takes over is likely to meet the same
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi fate.
bulunuz.
A) whatever
1. They claim that their aim is to establish B) which
long‑term cooperation ‑‑‑‑ their customers, ‑‑‑‑
a basis of partnership and mutual trust. C) wherever
A) for / over D) whoever
B) with / on E) whichever
C) by / through
D) from / within
E) among / for
6. The majority of ‑‑‑‑ are apprehensive about
new computer programmes, until we’ve
actually tried them out for ‑‑‑‑.
2. The collapse of Rome left ‑‑‑‑ its wake a large
variety of ethnic communities ‑‑‑‑ which
A) him / himself 43
modern European states emerged. B) us / ourselves
A) before / of C) them / themselves
B) out / through D) ours / us
C) over / by E) their / ours
D) in / from
MODADİL
E) within / with
7. Marxism ‑‑‑‑ an important movement in Britain

even though it ‑‑‑‑ its origin here.
3. Germany’s weight in the European Union is
known, ‑‑‑‑ what is not known, even to the A) would never have been / was taking
Germans themselves, is ‑‑‑‑ they are to use it.
B) had never been / would take
A) but / how
C) never was / has taken
B) if only / because
D) would never be / would have taken
C) unless / why
E) has never been / took
D) lest / until
www.modadil.com
E) otherwise / where
4. Edward Gibbon’s great book The History of the

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire informs
8. The history of Venetian Republic ‑‑‑‑ to an end
us ‑‑‑‑ mankind’s predilection for faction,
in 1797 when Venice ‑‑‑‑ over to Austria by
augmented by environmental and cultural
Napoleon.
differences, is ‑‑‑‑ determines history.
A) was coming / would have been handed
A) why / that
B) had come / has been handed
B) as / whereby
C) has come / was handed
C) that / what
D) came / was handed
D) how / whoever
E) would come / was being handed
E) in order that / whatever
Test
4 9. More than half of the 850 asylum seekers 13. As far as I remember, it was in China that they
currently detained in Britain ‑‑‑‑ in prison first met and got interested in the dam project,
with no right of appeal, even though the ‑‑‑‑?
vast majority ‑‑‑‑ with any offence, let alone
convicted. A) don’t I
A) were held / are not charged B) wasn’t it
B) are being held / have not been charged C) didn’t they
C) have been held / would not be charged D) was it
D) had been held / had not been charged E) did they
E) will be held / were not being charged
14. The East European countries are strongly

Grammar
convinced that European economic aid, ‑‑‑‑

10. Over the past two decades, the Corsicans welcome, is not a substitute for market access
‑‑‑‑ their idyllic island, which was wrested by and eventual membership of the European
France from the Genoese in 1768, ‑‑‑‑ into Union.
terrorism, corruption and economic decline.
A) just as
44 A) have seen / sink
B) lest
B) had seen / sank
C) because
C) saw / sinking
D) when
D) would have seen / had sunk
E) though
E) would see / had been sinking
MODADİL
15. One gathers from the press that a large

11. For observers of international politics, majority of the people are not in favour of the
March 1998 ‑‑‑‑ as a month when the world’s impeachment proceedings, and frankly, I’m
superpower relations ‑‑‑‑ a hopeful new turn. not, ‑‑‑‑.
A) is remembered / may have taken A) either
B) had been remembered / would have taken B) too
C) may be remembered / took C) also
D) has been remembered / would take D) neither
E) would be remembered / will have taken E) even so
www.modadil.com
12. Apparently, the talks held between the two

governments concerning the prevention of 16. The fundamental problem for North Africa
drug‑trafficking have not been constructive ‑‑‑‑ is that the region has ‑‑‑‑ people ‑‑‑‑ the arid
to produce any positive results. environment can support.
A) just as A) not only / but also
B) as well B) so many / that
C) also C) such / as
D) enough D) more / than
E) so that E) so much / as
Test
17. Fish farming in the world seems to be destined 21. British TV is still stuck ‑‑‑‑ a regulatory 4
to expand, but it is ‑‑‑‑ early to predict the structure designed ‑‑‑‑ a bygone age.
likely extent of growth in this field.
A) off / within
A) as well
B) up / on
B) enough
C) away / by
C) too
D) through / over
D) as
E) with / for
E) such
22. In their discussions concerning the proposed

defence strategies, NATO diplomats found
they could not agree ‑‑‑‑ what the alliance was
18. We are confident that the management and the ‑‑‑‑, what weapons it would threaten to use and
Grammar
workforce will get on well together so long as in what circumstances.
‑‑‑‑ respects ‑‑‑‑.
A) on / for
A) the other / another
B) about / into
B) both / some others
C) the one / another
C) with / of 45
D) by / about
D) everyone / themselves
E) before / through
E) each / the other
MODADİL
23. Today the United States, still by far ‑‑‑‑

19. The term ‘aborigines’ signifies the original prosperous country in the world, is increasing
inhabitants of any country, ‑‑‑‑ the native tribes its working hours ‑‑‑‑ creating a more positive
of Australia. balance between work and leisure time.
A) with regard to A) the more / as well as
B) pertaining to B) the most / instead of
C) in spite of C) most / in spite of
D) in particular D) many / just as
E) according to E) more / than
www.modadil.com
24. In developing new collective defence policies,

20. Though the American writer Katherine Anne
America and her European allies will ‑‑‑‑ be
Porter used a variety of places ‑‑‑‑ the setting
drawn closer together ‑‑‑‑ drift irreversibly
of her short stories and novels, she frequently
apart.
came ‑‑‑‑ to the scenes of her early years.
A) either / or
A) through / over
B) not only / but also
B) within / in
C) such / that
C) for / back
D) both / and
D) without / for
E) just as / so
E) under / up
Test
4 25. The telephone is at the center of innovative 29. The book A Thousand and One Nights is a
technologies ‑‑‑‑ may alter forever ‑‑‑‑ we collection of fascinating tales of the Orient and
receive and use information. of mixed Indian, Persian, Arabic and Egyptian
origin, and was first ‑‑‑‑ in Europe by Antoine
A) which / but Galland’s French translation in the early
B) so that / since eighteenth century.
C) that / how A) having known
D) as / unless B) being known
E) whereas / in case C) to be known
D) made known
E) to be made known
26. The editor thought that new series of articles

Grammar
would prove very popular, but actually hardly 30. There have been some art critics who ‑‑‑‑
‑‑‑‑ seems to have been impressed by it. in depreciation of Van Gogh that he ‑‑‑‑ a
A) nobody draughtsman all his life.
B) anyone A) had maintained / has remained
46 C) the other B) have maintained / remained
D) any other C) were maintaining / remained
E) no one D) maintained / would have maintained
E) will maintain / remains
MODADİL
31. The Romanian Privatization Authority

announced last week that Renault of France
27. Originally, the sonnet was an Italian poetical ‑‑‑‑ to the sole bidder of a Majority stake in the
form which attained great popularity in national car company, Dacia, which ‑‑‑‑ cheap
the Renaissance, and ‑‑‑‑ it was natural, cars for the domestic market.
‑‑‑‑ not essential, for Shakespeare and his
contemporaries to use it. A) would turn out / had made
A) hence / if B) has turned out / will make
B) while / through C) would have turned out / is making
C) since / however D) is turning out / has made
D) furthermore / rather than E) might turn out / makes
E) already / except for
www.modadil.com
32. At the Brussels meeting over the last weekend

Madeleine Albright, the American Secretary of
State ‑‑‑‑ her allies that future NATO missions
28. The report presents a general overview of the ‑‑‑‑ them further a field, but not all over the
problems that ‑‑‑‑ when a disaster ‑‑‑‑ a nation. world.
A) would have been encountered / hit A) assures / is taking
B) are encountered / would hit B) has assured / will have taken
C) have been encountered / had hit C) assured / would take
D) had been encountered / was being hit D) had assured / took
E) will be encountered / hits E) was assuring / has taken

Test
33. With the help of satellite images, the 37. He ‑‑‑‑ that the forests ‑‑‑‑ to their natural 4
Indonesian government ‑‑‑‑ that it is the timber inhabitants, that is, to all varieties of living
companies which ‑‑‑‑ the mass destruction of beings.
their rainforests.
A) suggests / be returned
A) is showing / would have caused
B) suggested / to be returned
B) would have shown / had caused
C) would suggest / to have been returned
C) had shown / were causing
D) had suggested / are being returned
D) shows / had been causing
E) would have suggested / return
E) has shown / are causing
Grammar
34. By the late 1980s, a surge of prosperity
‑‑‑‑ across Southeast Asia, but in some 38. Perhaps these people are ‑‑‑‑ ignorant to
countries of the region the economic structure realize ‑‑‑‑ serious a threat these fertilizers are
‑‑‑‑sufficiently to benefit from this trend. to their health.
A) will sweep / could not have developed A) more / than
B) would have swept / has not developed B) such / why 47

C) was sweeping / had not developed C) as much / as
D) has swept / was not developed D) too / just how
E) could have swept / was not developing E) not only / but also
MODADİL
35. The ridicule that ‑‑‑‑ upon him by leading

scientists of the day ‑‑‑‑ to the novelty of his 39. I would have thought that only ‑‑‑‑ naive
thinking. worker could be deceived by ‑‑‑‑ assurances.
A) is being heaped / would testify A) the more / neither
B) will be heaped / testified B) a most / each
C) had heaped / has testified C) the most / such
D) was heaping / had testified D) a much / some
E) was heaped / testifies E) most / same
www.modadil.com
36. When I ‑‑‑‑ as a fully licensed geneticist in 40. The motive was ‑‑‑‑ aesthetic and social ‑‑‑‑
1961, I thought I knew everything there was ‑‑‑‑ they sought to bring good design within the
about genetics. reach of the ordinary man.
A) had been graduated / to be known A) so / in that
B) graduated / to know B) both / because
C) would graduate / to have known C) just as / that
D) have been graduated / known D) as much / as
E) have graduated / to have been known E) rather / therefore
Test
4 41. The crisis is particularly serious ‑‑‑‑ a 46. In order to understand the implications of
whole series of related issues ranging from research ‑‑‑‑ brain development one has to
unemployment to health benefits are involved. make a systematic study ‑‑‑‑ what children
know.
A) besides
A) on / into
B) as well as
B) for / by
C) in order that
C) through / beyond
D) as for
D) over / at
E) since
E) after / about
42. He felt that the soil drainage should be kept to

a minimum ‑‑‑‑ much of the rainfall could be 47. The arrival of the Europeans in America
retained ‑‑‑‑ soil moisture. dislocated traditional ways of life and altered
the world ‑‑‑‑ recognition.
A) so that / as
A) for
B) even though / such as
Grammar
B) beyond
C) whereas / like
C) at
D) whereby / so
D) under
E) whether / or
48 E) from
48. I sent an e‑mail to everyone in the department,

43. If we are to prevent the flow of toxic materials asking for articles for this special issue, but
into the water reservoirs of the country, there ‑‑‑‑ there has been no response.
is no other possible scheme available ‑‑‑‑?
A) so long
A) are there
MODADİL
B) at times
B) aren’t we
C) until then
C) is there
D) even later
D) isn’t there
E) so far
E) are we
49. In the US the weakening of the dollar is making

44. It looks ‑‑‑‑ the hiring committee isn’t foreign wines pricier and domestic ones, ‑‑‑‑
impressed by his qualifications, and I don’t more attractive.
think the manager of the company is, ‑‑‑‑.
A) on account
A) like / also
B) in addition
B) as if / either
C) on condition
C) so that / as well
www.modadil.com
D) in competition
D) though / too
E) in comparison
E) just as / nor
50. Much to everyone’s surprise, the steelworker’s

45. He said I was submitting my application form union actually supported the takeover, and
rather late. But now I find ‑‑‑‑ have still not managed to secure further pension rights for
submitted ‑‑‑‑. its members ‑‑‑‑.
A) most / their A) in the process
B) none / any B) as it happened
C) many / it C) in its place
D) others / theirs D) in accord
E) a few / these E) on a level
Test
GRAMMAR 5
5. ‑‑‑‑ half of the budget of the US National
1. ‑ 50. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan Institute on Ageing is spent on research into
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi Alzheimer’s disease.
bulunuz.
A) As much as
1. David Dickinson’s new play is a fairy‑tale B) More of
romance, ‑‑‑‑ a pregnant woman searches
for the father of her child during a torrential C) Rather than
rainstorm.
D) Much of
A) where
E) The most
B) by whom
C) that
D) in which
E) whose
6. Great natural disasters cause ‑‑‑‑ widespread
death ‑‑‑‑ massive social disruption and
outbreaks of epidemic disease.
2. The true ecologist need not be a specialist at

A) neither / or 49
all, ‑‑‑‑ his views should reflect the practical B) so much / that
wisdom of ordinary people.
C) not only / but also
A) for
D) as / as
B) where
E) no sooner / than
C) why
MODADİL
D) in case
E) that
7. Though they had ‑‑‑‑ government backing ‑‑‑‑

a potential home market, the company poured
billion of dollars into the project and lost
3. Infectious diseases are those which are everything.
caused ‑‑‑‑ an invasion of the body ‑‑‑‑
organisms from outside. A) such / that
A) through / with B) neither / nor
B) by / by C) some / any
C) over / through D) no / without
D) in / without E) few / more
www.modadil.com
E) on / in
4. I did manage to keep my temper but I couldn’t 8. More importantly, Dobson’s book is a reminder
refrain ‑‑‑‑ pointing ‑‑‑‑ that what he had done of ‑‑‑‑ powerful and radical green thinking can
was wrong. be.
A) in / at A) whyever
B) with / on B) how far
C) by / away C) wherever
D) for / off D) much more
E) from / out E) just how
Test
5 9. It ‑‑‑‑ a mistake to think that all bacteria are 13. You didn’t have to invite all those people out
harmful, for, without some species, we ‑‑‑‑ for for lunch, so why ‑‑‑‑?
long.
A) didn’t you
A) was not / survive
B) did you
B) was been / would not have survived
C) had you
C) will be / have not survived
D) haven’t you
D) would be / could not survive
E) don’t you
E) had been / did not survive
14. This poem is generally supposed ‑‑‑‑ in the

Grammar
10. Over the last few years, consumer interest in fifteenth century, but some people date it even
organic agriculture ‑‑‑‑ up dramatically, and earlier.
demand ‑‑‑‑ currently ahead of supply.
A) having composed
A) has shot / is
B) to be composed
50 B) shot / was
C) having been composed
C) would shoot / had been
D) to have composed
D) is shooting / has been
E) to have been composed
E) was shooting / would be
MODADİL
15. All the reports ‑‑‑‑ handed in last week, but

11. Orwell ‑‑‑‑ at that moment that when the white some of them still ‑‑‑‑ me.
man ‑‑‑‑ tyrant it is his own freedom that he
destroys. A) should have been / haven’t reached
A) perceived / had turned B) would be / didn’t reach
B) has perceived / turned C) have been / won’t reach
C) had perceived / has turned D) had been / didn’t reach
D) would perceive / will turn E) would have been / don’t reach
E) perceived / turns
www.modadil.com
16. The failure so far to produce evidence of life

12. Thesiger’s passionate belief that traditional on any planet but ‑‑‑‑ has given continued
societies around the world ‑‑‑‑ against the strength to the belief in the uniqueness of
modern onslaught ‑‑‑‑ fierce criticism. Earth.
A) had been protected / will attract A) us
B) have been protected / had attracted B) their
C) are being protected / was attracting C) ours
D) ought to be protected / has attracted D) our
E) would have been protected / would attract E) its
Test
17. When the occupying forces ‑‑‑‑, many 21. Had it not been for the variety and flexibility 5
seemingly innocent people were accused of of its trades, Huddersfield, like so many of the
‑‑‑‑ with the enemy. other textile towns, ‑‑‑‑ into a decline in the 20th
century.
A) are leaving / to have been collaborated
A) was going
B) were leaving / to have collaborated
B) has gone
C) have left / being collaborated
C) would have gone
D) will leave / collaborating
D) would go
E) had left / having collaborated
E) had been going
18. Though the metropolitan theatres ‑‑‑‑ a
Grammar
monopoly there for a long time, recently
several private theatres ‑‑‑‑.
22. ‑‑‑‑ the letters written by so many parents, the
A) would hold / are being opened headmaster agreed not to expel the boys.
B) had held / had been opened A) In response to
C) were holding / will be opened B) In terms of 51
D) held / have been opened C) In case of
E) have held / were opened D) Rather than
E) Pertaining to
MODADİL
19. In 1906 at Boğazköy several thousand

cuneiform tablets ‑‑‑‑ and most of them ‑‑‑‑
now on exhibit in the Anatolian Civilisations 23. Henry VII’s foreign policy was unheroic and
Museum in Ankara. unspectacular; ‑‑‑‑ did he go to war and that
was when he invaded France.
A) have been discovered / were
A) this once
B) were discovered / are
B) never ever
C) had been discovered / had been
C) once again
D) would have been discovered / are being
D) only once
E) would be discovered / have been
E) once more
www.modadil.com
20. One oil company in particular claims ‑‑‑‑ its

best to balance economic progress with 24. Bennett’s novel The Old Wives’ Tale is the one
environmental care and social responsibility. ‑‑‑‑ he is likely to be best known to posterity.
A) to be done A) of which
B) having done B) for whom
C) being done C) by which
D) having been done D) in which
E) to have done E) that

Test
5 25. The problem with antiseptics is that ‑‑‑‑ killing 29. In Belgium, compensation ‑‑‑‑ accidents at
germs they ‑‑‑‑ kill the surrounding tissues. work and occupational illnesses is exclusively
the concern ‑‑‑‑ employers.
A) far from / neither
A) over / from
B) so far as / too
B) in / by
C) as much as / both
C) from / for
D) besides / as well
D) for / of
E) as well as / also
E) of /with
26. Beethoven’s seventeen string quartets hold

Grammar
‑‑‑‑ the same position in chamber music ‑‑‑‑ his 30. More than ‑‑‑‑ invention of the last eighty years
symphonies hold in the orchestral repertoire. or so, television has been the most harmful to
family life.
A) as / that
A) some other
B) much / as
52 B) another
C) quite / whether
C) the others
D) just / what
D) any more
E) thus / like
E) any other
MODADİL
27. Post offices don’t have enough space to cope

‑‑‑‑ the tremendous increase ‑‑‑‑ demand for 31. Our sales are down again this month, ‑‑‑‑.
PO boxes.
A) and they also are
A) with / in
B) and so are theirs
B) on / of
C) and neither are theirs
C) upon /within
D) but theirs aren’t either
D) for / upon
E) nor are they
E) through / from
www.modadil.com
28. Even prior to the 1930s, Swedish banks

played an important role ‑‑‑‑ the financing ‑‑‑‑ 32. Several important ports, ‑‑‑‑ export timber, are
long‑term industrial projects. situated on the shores of the White Sea.
A) on /in A) most of which
B) for / in B) that many of them
C) in / of C) those which
D) by / with D) whichever of them
E) into / over E) some of whom

Test
33. Julius Caesar ‑‑‑‑ a great historian if the 37. Much health education in recent years 5
making of history ‑‑‑‑ him the time and the ‑‑‑‑towards the view that the heavy drinker ‑‑‑‑
inclination to write it. a subject for amusement or censure but for
practical help.
A) could be / could have allowed
A) has been directed / is not
B) will have been / allowed
B) had been directed / was not
C) had been / would have allowed
C) was being directed / wouldn’t be
D) would have been / could allow
D) was directed / won’t be
E) would have been / had allowed
E) is being directed / hasn’t been
Grammar
38. ‑‑‑‑ the past few decades South Korea, Taiwan,
34. Early in 1940 when Europe was already at war, Singapore and Hong Kong have achieved the
Hitler ‑‑‑‑ the sale of uranium from the Czech fastest rates ‑‑‑‑ economic growth the world
mines he ‑‑‑‑ over. has ever seen.
A) has banned / has taken A) Within / at
B) had banned / took B) During /of
53
C) banned / had taken C) After / in
D) was banned / was taking D) Before /over
E) was banning / had been taking E) Over / about
MODADİL
39. Galileo originated the method of controlled

35. Physics as it ‑‑‑‑ at the end of the nineteenth experiment ‑‑‑‑ now forms the basis of
century, ‑‑‑‑ to as classical physics. scientific investigation.
A) has been known / might be referred A) what
B) will be known / has been B) who
C) had been known / had been referred C) whose
D) was known / is referred D) whom
E) might have been known / was referred E) which
www.modadil.com
36. Sometimes people select certain foods that 40. Some anthropologists think that man today is
they believe ‑‑‑‑ their physical appearance and ‑‑‑‑ honest ‑‑‑‑ he was hundreds and thousands
avoid those they believe ‑‑‑‑ detrimental. of years ago.
A) have improved / would have been A) such / as
B) are improving / were B) the less / than
C) improve / might be C) the least / of
D) had improved / had been D) little / as
E) would have improved / have been E) less / than
Test
5 41. Few things ‑‑‑‑ unnerved the Spanish 46. ‑‑‑‑ the computerised Dutch auction system,
conquerors of the New World ‑‑‑‑ the prospect the flower industry gets flowers into our
of death on an Aztec sacrificial stone. homes when they are still ‑‑‑‑ their best.
A) as / as A) Under / at
B) so / as B) At / in
C) not only / but also C) From / with
D) neither / nor D) Till /to
E) such / that E) Within / for
42. The great bulk of industrial work nowadays 47. It is unusual for advertising campaigns ‑‑‑‑
involves the use of machines, and it is certain even before the new products ‑‑‑‑ onto the
that mechanisation will proceed ‑‑‑‑ in the market.
future.
A) to have been launched / have come
A) besides
B) being launched / are going to come
Grammar
B) on the other hand

C) to be launched / come
C) further still
D) having been launched / are coming
D) ever since
E) to have launched / will have come
54 E) just as
43. The works of the ancient Greek physician

Hippocrates commonly known as the 48. Let’s take the ferry to Bandırma from where it’s
Hippocratic Collection, consist ‑‑‑‑ about only a short drive to Bursa, ‑‑‑‑ driving all the
70 works, ‑‑‑‑ which only a relatively small way from İstanbul to Bursa.
number are possibly by him. A) in addition to
MODADİL
A) of / of B) more than
B) in / for C) besides
C) for / in D) instead of
D) on / about E) except for
E) by / within
44. Till the eighteenth century comparative 49. Since there ‑‑‑‑ nothing in the way of pay rises
linguistic studies did not progress very much or bonuses for two to three years, the new
beyond the stage ‑‑‑‑ ancient Greek and taxes ‑‑‑‑ a great deal of distress.
Roman grammarians had left them. A) had been / caused
A) which B) has been / had caused
B) when C) will be / would have caused
www.modadil.com
C) in whose D) would have been / will cause

D) where E) will have been / are causing
E) whom
50. Over the past three years, the US economy ‑‑‑‑

45. Diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline badly hurt by unforeseen events, but housing
engines ‑‑‑‑ the fact that a larger proportion of ‑‑‑‑ to move up to set sales records in both
the fuel used is burned. 2001 and 2002.
A) consequently A) would be / would have continued
B) following B) had been / has continued
C) owing to C) has been / continued
D) contrary to D) was / will continue
E) in order that E) is being / would continue
Test
GRAMMAR 6
5. If she ‑‑‑‑ to the interview in a more positive
1. ‑ 50. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan state of mind, she ‑‑‑‑ a better impression.
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi
bulunuz. A) will go / would make
B) goes / has made
1. He insisted that mountaineering ‑‑‑‑ a sport for
him, but a passion that ‑‑‑‑ his whole life. C) had gone / might have made
A) hadn’t been / would dominate D) would go / had made
B) isn’t / has dominated E) has gone / makes
C) hasn’t been / is dominating
D) wouldn’t be / is dominating
E) wasn’t / had dominated
6. The traditional idea that Asia was the cradle
‑‑‑‑ primeval man has had to be modified ‑‑‑‑
the light of the discovery of human fossils of
great antiquity in Africa.
2. The judges of the international tribunal at The A) to / over 55
Hague ‑‑‑‑, on 1st February 2002, that charges B) for / from
relating to all three wars ‑‑‑‑ together.
C) by / under
A) would agree / had been heard
D) from / within
B) have agreed / have been heard
E) of / in
C) were agreed / will be heard
MODADİL
D) agreed / would be heard

E) had agreed / were heard
7. Naturally I was rather disappointed ‑‑‑‑ the

results of the experiment, but actually I wasn’t
3. When he moved from Ethiopia where he ‑‑‑‑, really surprised ‑‑‑‑ them.
to England, his experiences ‑‑‑‑ quite unlike A) by / to
those of his contemporaries at school.
B) over / for
A) had been born / were
C) for / by
B) is born / will be
D) with / at
C) would be born / would be
E) of / with
D) has been born / are
www.modadil.com
E) was born / will be
8. When the personnel manager announced that

4. It’s not considered safe to leave your everybody had to do overtime because they
computer on when you are not in the office, so were ‑‑‑‑ schedule, this caused a great deal of
you ‑‑‑‑ do so. ill will ‑‑‑‑ the staff.
A) don’t have to A) near / for
B) mustn’t B) off / in
C) needn’t C) back / from
D) haven’t got to D) below / between
E) don’t need to E) behind / among

Test
6 9. Little is known about life on the ocean floor ‑‑‑‑ 13. The evolution of a parliamentary democracy
scientists have only recently developed the ‑‑‑‑ came about over a long period of time and
technology for exploring it. ‑‑‑‑ then the process was a rough one.
A) yet A) simply / as
B) as B) only / even
C) though C) hardly / since
D) whereas D) just / up to
E) while E) really / so
10. Of the company’s three accountants, only one

Grammar
is useful; ‑‑‑‑ deserve to be sent away.

14. The post is mine ‑‑‑‑ I agree to stay with the
A) they both firm for at least three years.
B) all the others A) in case
C) both the others B) conditionally
56
D) each one C) if
E) each of them D) whether
E) accordingly
MODADİL
11. The young sociologist ‑‑‑‑ article was

published in the “National Geographic” had
traveled 1700 miles across Australia’s western 15. They are in no way responsible; we must face
wilderness. the fact that we have only ‑‑‑‑ to blame.
A) whose A) itself
B) who B) ours
C) that C) them
D) which D) themselves
E) whom E) ourselves
www.modadil.com
12. The impression I got was that the director has

completely given up ‑‑‑‑ hopes he may at one 16. The micro air vehicles they are working on are
time have cherished. ‑‑‑‑ small that it will be almost impossible to
detect them with radar.
A) as many
A) too
B) such
B) as
C) every
C) such
D) any
D) so
E) so many
E) more
Test
17. The members of the special commission on 21. Unfortunately, ‑‑‑‑ current productivity growth 6
crime, some of ‑‑‑‑ were appointed by the looks impressive, the rise in profits over the
mayor, still meet on a regular basis. coming years is likely to prove disappointing.
A) that A) since
B) whose B) just as
C) whom C) even though
D) who D) if
E) which E) which
18. ‑‑‑‑ the Civil War, those years turned out to be 22. The biggest accounting issue raised ‑‑‑‑ the
Grammar
a golden era for the magazine industry. energy company is ‑‑‑‑ accounting standards.
A) Despite A) by / over
B) Obviously B) to / to
C) Although C) for / under
57
D) Pertaining to D) through / within
E) Nevertheless E) from / into
MODADİL
19. Unfortunately, ‑‑‑‑ stamping out the drugs’ 23. Crying, which starts ‑‑‑‑ birth, is an alarm
trade, these programs are simply forcing system that attracts the parent and it can be
drug growers to move into more inaccessible switched off ‑‑‑‑ parental attention.
regions.
A) with / after
A) besides
B) at / by
B) rather than
C) for / with
C) in addition to
D) from / for
D) due to
E) by / through
E) as for
www.modadil.com
20. Indeed, the situation is such that the chairman

has finally promised to implement ‑‑‑‑ the 24. Since 1998, the US federal government has
committee recommends. more than doubled its spending ‑‑‑‑ defense
‑‑‑‑ biological weapons and chemical weapons.
A) whoever
A) for / with
B) however
B) of / to
C) if ever
C) on / against
D) as ever
D) in / from
E) whatever
E) with / over
Test
6 25. Items ‑‑‑‑ display in this museum were 29. While the parades for the opening of
obtained ‑‑‑‑ mosques, Turkish baths, parliament ‑‑‑‑, the president ‑‑‑‑ a sobering
fountains and caravanserais dating back to the message for his countrymen.
Ottoman period.
A) had rehearsed / prepared
A) on / from
B) have been rehearsed / has prepared
B) in / by
C) were being rehearsed / was preparing
C) for / out of
D) are rehearsing / is preparing
D) within / of
E) had been rehearsed / would prepare
E) with / at
Grammar
26. Following four Mars mission losses, an

independent report paints a very clear picture 30. Though we still ‑‑‑‑ a long way to go, a lot ‑‑‑‑
of ‑‑‑‑ what ails the US space program, ‑‑‑‑ in developing now medical procedures to deal
what must be done to fix it. with diseased tissue.
A) whether / through A) had had / had been accomplished

58 B) either / or B) had / has been accomplished
C) how / and C) have had / was accomplished
D) thus / that D) are having / was being accomplished
E) not only / but also E) have / is being accomplished

MODADİL
27. Basically a country has two objectives in

imposing tariffs; one is to raise revenue for 31. Soon, customs officers ‑‑‑‑ to use X‑ray
government, ‑‑‑‑ is to protect home industries technology ‑‑‑‑ cavities in vehicles for drugs.
by raising the price of competing goods from
abroad. A) have been able / having scanned
A) other B) are able / scanning
B) both C) were able / to be scanned
C) another D) will be able / to scan
D) the other E) would have been able to / to have scanned
E) each
www.modadil.com
32. As acquisition opportunities within the EU ‑‑‑‑

28. This part of Africa is growing greener again ‑‑‑‑ less, western European energy companies ‑‑‑‑
that families who fled to wetter coastal regions to turn eastwards in the hunt for expansion
are starting to go home. opportunities.
A) so far A) grow / are being forced
B) to such an extent B) will grow / would have been forced
C) even so C) are growing / would be forced
D) as a result D) have grown / had been forced
E) even more E) grew / have been forced
Test
33. If Britain ‑‑‑‑ the euro, say in 2025, the stability 37. The once radical notion that birds ‑‑‑‑ from 6
pact ‑‑‑‑ highly important. dinosaurs ‑‑‑‑ stronger and stronger since
paleontologists first started taking it seriously
A) will be joining / is becoming a couple of decades ago.
B) has joined / will have become A) descended / has grown
C) will have joined / will become B) have descended / grew
D) would join / has become C) had descended / had grown
E) were to join / would become D) descended / is growing
E) are descending / was growing
34. Whatever else ‑‑‑‑ the British Empire for so
Grammar
38. Throughout his term in office, President
long, it was not Britain’s education system. Clinton ‑‑‑‑ by allegations relating to the
A) was sustained Whitewater real estate deal in which he and
his wife, Hillary Clinton, ‑‑‑‑ prior to the 1992
B) has sustained election.
C) sustains A) is dogged / are involved 59
D) sustained B) had been dogged / were involved
E) to have sustained C) was dogged / had been involved
D) has been dogged / have been involved
E) was being dogged / may have been involved
MODADİL
35. Professional tennis, which got its star in 1926

when the French player Suzanne Lenglen
‑‑‑‑ 50. 000 US dollars for a tour, only ‑‑‑‑ full 39. The essays taken together tell the story of how
recognition in 1968. the US became an economic power ‑‑‑‑ a scale
unprecedented ‑‑‑‑ history.
A) had been paid / has received
A) for / with
B) was paid / received
B) at / by
C) has been paid / would receive
C) with / from
D) is paid / receives
D) through / at
E) would be paid / had received
E) on / in
www.modadil.com
36. Once the director ‑‑‑‑ just how much was at 40. ‑‑‑‑ the surprise of the archeologists, the
stake, he ‑‑‑‑ immediate steps to deal with the structures turned out to be the remains ‑‑‑‑ two
dispute. domed tombs, each over a thousand years old.
A) realizes / will take A) To / of
B) has realized / had taken B) At / from
C) had realized / took C) For / by
D) realized / takes D) With / over
E) would realize / has taken E) By / through
Test
6 41. More than 29 million Africans are now infected 46. For the time being, people are concentrating
with HIV, and the disease is killing ‑‑‑‑ Africans ‑‑‑‑ making use ‑‑‑‑ the irrigation systems that
‑‑‑‑ all the continent’s wars combined. have already been installed.
A) so many / as A) by / with
B) either / or B) for / in
C) more / than C) at / into
D) not only / but also D) over / from
E) both / and E) on / of
42. He did ‑‑‑‑ better in the interview ‑‑‑‑ any of the 47. ‑‑‑‑ better efforts at home, especially in Africa,
other applicants. and from abroad, the annual death toll from
AIDS is still rising.
A) much / as
A) Because of
B) rather / than
B) Although
Grammar
C) as / for
C) Despite
D) still / with
D) Seeing that
E) far / from
E) Owing to
60
43. Geographical Information System tools
provide specialized functions for spatial data 48. After protesters ‑‑‑‑ Georgia’s parliament to
input, processing, analysis and output, ‑‑‑‑ demand fresh elections, Edvard Shevardnedze
Database Management System tools provide ‑‑‑‑ as the country’s president.
more advanced functions for storing and
managing large spatial databases. A) would storm / resigned
A) that B) has stormed / had resigned,

MODADİL
B) due to C) had stormed / was resigned
C) while D) was stormed / had resigned
D) whether E) had stormed / resigned
E) in that
49. Anterograde amnesia is impairment in the

ability ‑‑‑‑ new memories.
44. Photosynthesis is the process ‑‑‑‑ green plants
manufacture carbohydrates, using the energy A) laying down
of sunlight. B) lay down
A) as when C) to lay down
B) on which D) having laid down
C) where
www.modadil.com
E) being laid down

D) by which
E) since
50. Among the stone tools unearthed at a
Neanderthal hearth inside a cave in Slovenia,
archaeologists discovered ‑‑‑‑ appears to be
45. Presumably, the main concern of the Japanese the world’s oldest true musical instrument,
central bank at present ‑‑‑‑ to avoid ‑‑‑‑ for any a small piece of leg bone from a young bear
large‑scale financial collapse. perforated with four round holes.
A) will be / having blamed A) which
B) has been / having been blamed B) what
C) was / to be blamed C) when
D) is / being blamed D) that
E) would be / to have been blamed E) how
Test
CLOZE TESTS 1
CLOZE TEST 1 CLOZE TEST 2
1. ‑ 5. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada 1. ‑ 5. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada

numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük
ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
Floyd, a notorious storm, killed more than 50 Seven out of ten Chinese (1)‑‑‑‑ in the
people, destroyed thousands of homes, and countryside, and the vast majority are not wired.
left a massive public health and environmental Chinese Netizens are (2)‑‑‑‑ male, under 30,
disaster in its wake. The damages (1)‑‑‑‑ the well educated and living in Metropolises. They
storm caused were less than anticipated, (2)‑‑‑‑. share certain characteristics (3)‑‑‑‑ their rural
As it approached the Southeastern coast in brethren‑corruption (4)‑‑‑‑, but they focus much
mid‑September, the Texas‑sized Floyd was a more on foreign affairs and China’s international
category 5 storm, the strongest and rarest kind, image than on grass‑roots headaches, (5)‑‑‑‑
packing winds of more than 250 km/h (155 mph). punishing local taxes.
(3)‑‑‑‑ widespread deaths, officials in Florida,
Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina
ordered (4)‑‑‑‑ to evacuate coastal areas. About 2.
6 million people were affected by the evacuation
orders and United States vice president Al Gore 1. 61
(5)‑‑‑‑ it the largest peacetime evacuation in A) have lived B) lives
United States history. C) lived D) live
E) has lived
1.
2.
MODADİL
A) in which B) why
A) predominantly
C) that D) whose
B) ostensibly
E) of which
C) essentially
D) accurately
2.
A) although B) either E) politically
C) however D) even if
E) still 3.
A) from B) into
C) with D) upon
3.
A) To be feared B) Fear E) by
C) Being feared D) To fear
www.modadil.com
E) Fearing 4.
A) except
B) besides
4.
A) dwellings B) citizens C) as well as
C) residents D) innovators D) in particular
E) founders E) regardless of
5. 5.
A) had called B) was called A) such as B) so that
C) would call D) called C) in that D) likewise
E) was calling E) so as
Test
1 CLOZE TEST 3 CLOZE TEST 4

If the builders of the Legendary Tower of Babel (1)‑‑‑‑ with unusual speed, the English Soccer
(1)‑‑‑‑ a work crew from Utah, the massive Federation announced on Monday that Leed’s 1‑1
structure might actually have been completed draw with Arsenal on Saturday has been declared
(2)‑‑‑‑ collapsing in the confusion of the workers’ null and void and (2)‑‑‑‑ at a later date (3)‑‑‑‑ a
diverse languages. The linguistically savvy technical error by referee Collina. The referee
Utahans could have worked (3)‑‑‑‑ bees in a hive. booked Arsenal’s Henry, French forward, twice but
Or at least that is the boast among modern‑day failed, as he (4)‑‑‑‑ under the rules, to convert the
locals, who are using their language skills to build two yellow cards (5)‑‑‑‑ a red and Henry stayed on
the economy of their home state. (4)‑‑‑‑ populated, the pitch.
landlocked and laced with deserts, mountains and
rugged wilderness regions typical of the American
Cloze Tests
west, Utah is an unlikely place to find people 1.

(5)‑‑‑‑ collectively speak 90 percent of the world’s A) Acting
written languages.
B) Acted
C) Being acted
62 1. D) Having been acted
A) had been hired
E) Having acting
B) had hired
C) hire
D) could hire
2.
E) hired A) will replay
MODADİL
B) replayed
C) will be replayed
2. D) will have replayed
A) while B) in case of
E) have replied
C) in pursuit of D) lest
E) instead of
3.
A) while B) because
3. C) since D) as
A) as B) similarly
E) because of
C) as if D) like
www.modadil.com
E) the same
4.
A) should have done
4. B) should do
A) Sparsely B) Scarcely
C) must be done
C) Extensively D) Extremely
D) needn’t have done
E) Intensively
E) must have done
5. 5.
A) whom B) whose A) on B) by
C) who D) which C) with D) at
E) where E) into
Test
CLOZE TEST 5 CLOZE TEST 6 1

Amerigo Vespucci was a successful Florentine A man or woman makes direct contact (1)‑‑‑‑
businessman and navigator (1)‑‑‑‑ was society in two ways: as a member of some
knowledgeable in geography and cosmography. familial, professional or religious group, or as a
He was also the financial representative of the member of a crowd. Groups are (2)‑‑‑‑ of being as
Medici, who were influential people in the fifteen moral and intelligent as the individuals who form
century. It (2)‑‑‑‑ mainly for these reasons that he them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its
got (3)‑‑‑‑ in various expeditions at the time, made own and can do anything (3)‑‑‑‑ intelligent action
acquaintance of Colombus and was of great help and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd,
to him. (4)‑‑‑‑ he didn’t actually join in any of the people lose their power of reasoning and their
Colombus expeditions, he was responsible for capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is
their organization. He obtained the ships and the increased to the point (4)‑‑‑‑ they cease to have
Cloze Tests
necessary supplies, (5)‑‑‑‑ food. any judgement or will of their own. They become
very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or
collective responsibility, they are (5)‑‑‑‑ to sudden
excesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic.
1.
63
A) whom B) which
C) who D) whose 1.
E) to which A) without B) into
C) with D) out
E) upon
MODADİL
2.
A) has been B) were 2.
C) has D) have been A) accuse B) blame
E) was C) interested D) capable
E) keen
3. 3.
A) increased B) initiated A) except B) also
C) included D) involved C) additionally D) including
E) investigated E) in favour of
www.modadil.com
4.
A) that B) to which
4.
A) Thus B) Therefore C) when D) with which
C) In spite of D) Since E) where
E) Although
5.
A) subject B) familiar
C) admitted D) likely
5.
A) such as B) except E) resort
C) similar to D) likewise
E) similarly
Test

Utah’s linguistic richness has prompted several Today, one of (1)‑‑‑‑ serious problems facing
international companies to open divisions in the international community is the uncontrolled
the State. Atlanta‑based Delta Air Lines, (1)‑‑‑‑ destruction of the unique Amazon environment.
recently expanded service to 35 cities in Europe Deforestation of this region (2)‑‑‑‑ by all nine
and Asia, (2)‑‑‑‑ up an international reservations states sharing the region, (3)‑‑‑‑ Brazil, 59 percent
center in Salt Lake City. Agents can take bookings of (4)‑‑‑‑ territory is located in the Amazon basin,
(3)‑‑‑‑ 13 foreign languages, including Hindi and is the most active. Over the last ten years, the
Jwedish. Several years ago, American Express scale of destruction (5)‑‑‑‑ unbearable.
decided (4)‑‑‑‑ its worldwide traveller’s check
service center in Salt Lake City. On the outside,
the four‑story glass and concrete structure looks
Cloze Tests
like any other modern office building, (5)‑‑‑‑ inside

the atmosphere is more like the Disneyland 1.
ride. It’s a small world. More than half the 1600 A) most
employees are bilingual; all told, they speak 118 B) the most
languages.
C) more
64 D) the more
E) mostly
1.
A) that B) who
C) how D) where 2.
A) was done
E) which
MODADİL
B) has done
C) having been done
2.
A) set B) have set D) had done
C) has set D) setting E) is being done
E) had set
3.
A) hence B) since
3.
A) into B) out of C) because D) though
C) for D) in E) thus
E) from
4.
A) which B) that
4.
www.modadil.com
A) to situate C) whose D) where

B) situating E) how
C) to be situated
D) to have situated 5.
A) has become
E) having situated
B) had become
C) was becoming
5.
A) and B) despite D) became
C) so D) but E) becomes
E) inasmuch as
Test

An alphabet attempts ideally to indicate each Most scholars believe that the first known
separate sound by a separate symbol. The alphabet (1)‑‑‑‑ along the eastern Mediterranean
Romans more or less achieved this ideal with a coast between 1700 and 1500 BC. Because this
21‑letter alphabet, (1)‑‑‑‑ they used for writing their alphabet has not survived, scholars must draw
Latin language. Later European languages that conclusions about it from surviving alphabets that
adopted the Roman alphabet approached this goal developed from it. The people who developed
with varying success. Finnish and Turkish were this alphabet, (2)‑‑‑‑ was known as North Semitic,
highly successful, (2)‑‑‑‑ English, French, and seem to have had some knowledge of cuneiform
Gaelic have strayed quite far. English, for example, and hieroglyphic symbols. Some of the alphabet’s
can represent the long o sound with a single o symbols (3)‑‑‑‑ from related writing systems, such
(as in go), the letters ow (as in glow), the letters as those used by the Minoans and Hittites. The
Cloze Tests
oa (as in throat), and the letters (as in sew). The sounds represented in the North Semitic alphabet
Korean alphabet, which (3)‑‑‑‑ by scholars in the consisted exclusively of consonants. The reader
mid‑1400s, most completely achieves the ideal of had to supply the vowel sounds of a word. (4)‑‑‑‑
one symbol for one sound. Some writing systems in nearly all alphabets, the letters had names
represent a combination of sounds that form a and a fixed order. Nearly all the alphabets now
syllable, rather than a single sound. The syllables used in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa
usually consist of a consonant and a vowel, such ultimately (5)‑‑‑‑ from the original Semitic alphabet. 65
as su, but they can also represent an entire word,
(4)‑‑‑‑ sun. Such systems, called syllabaries,
can come close to the ideal of a symbol for each
sound, but they (5)‑‑‑‑ true alphabets because
each syllable represents more than a single sound. 1.
A) has developed
B) has been developed
MODADİL
1.
C) developed
A) that B) which
C) who D) why D) had developed
E) when E) had been developed
2. 2.
A) thereby B) because A) that B) to which
C) also D) and C) when D) which
E) whereas E) where
3.
A) have been invented 3.
A) may take
B) invented
B) may have been taken
C) was invented
www.modadil.com
D) is invented C) may have taken

E) had invented D) may be taken
E) may be taking
4.
A) as B) such as
4.
C) except D) also A) Such as B) For example
E) as far C) Like D) To illustrate
E) As
5.
A) are not considered
B) haven’t considered 5.
A) derive B) result
C) not considered
D) were not considered C) prevent D) abstract
E) didn’t consider E) receive
Test

The history of Turkey is long and eventful, with Adoption of a foreign alphabet (1)‑‑‑‑ many
a succession of ethnically and culturally distinct times in history. Generally, political domination
peoples occupying the region (1)‑‑‑‑ ancient times. or the necessity of a common writing system for
Large cities first appeared in Anatolia during the purposes of commerce has been responsible
reign of the Hittites, (2)‑‑‑‑ invaded the region for adoption of new alphabets. The rapid spread
about 1900 BC. Other groups followed, including of Greek, Latin, and Arabic is traceable to such
the Phrygians, Greeks, Persians, Romans, and causes. In a few instances, new alphabets (2)‑‑‑‑
Arabs. Nomadic Turkic tribes of Central Asia (3)‑‑‑‑ at least partially for reasons of reform. In the
Anatolia in the 11th century A.D and founded the most dramatic instance, Turkish, (3)‑‑‑‑ had been
Seljuk dynasty. Their arrival placed the distinctive written in Arabic script until 1928, was converted
stamp of Turkish language and culture on the to a Roman alphabet (4)‑‑‑‑ the orders of Turkey’s
Cloze Tests
region’s population. The Seljuk dynasty (4)‑‑‑‑ in president at the time, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
the 13th century after invading Mongols conquered Atatürk’s desire to modernize and westernize
Anatolia. The Ottoman Empire, founded in Turkey entered into the decision (5)‑‑‑‑ Roman
Anatolia in the late 13th century, endured for more script, but he also wished to provide an alphabet
than 600 years and expanded (5)‑‑‑‑ one of the more suitable to the Turkish language and more
world’s most formidable empires. At the height of easily learned than Arabic.
66 its power, Ottoman territory included much of the
Middle East, large areas of Eastern Europe, and
most of North Africa. The empire finally collapsed 1.
after World War I. A) occurred
B) had occurred
C) had been occurring
MODADİL
1. D) has occurred
A) for B) until E) was occurring
C) since D) before
E) after 2.
A) was adopted
B) have adopted
2.
A) that B) which C) have been adopted
C) when D) whose D) adopted
E) who E) had adopted
3.
3. A) which B) in which
A) founded B) abandoned
C) how D) that
www.modadil.com
C) abolished D) conquered
E) who
E) initiated
4.
4. A) above B) upon
A) ended B) had been ended C) under D) behind
C) has ended D) had ended E) beneath
E) has been ended
5.
A) adopting
5.
A) over B) beneath B) to adopt
C) behind D) upon C) to be adopted
E) into D) to have adopted
E) to be adopting
Test

From 1935 to 1948 Ben‑Gurion (1)‑‑‑‑ as chairman In August 1893, the court of arbitration (1)‑‑‑‑ U.S.
of the executive committee of the Jewish Agency claims to territorial jurisdiction over the Bering Sea
for Palestine, (2)‑‑‑‑ was an organization advising but did adopt regulations (2)‑‑‑‑ the operations of
British authorities on the establishment of a pelagic sealers. The regulations, (3)‑‑‑‑, proved
Jewish homeland and the interests of the Jewish completely ineffective, and the herds (4)‑‑‑‑ by
population in Palestine. (3)‑‑‑‑ he opposed the more than 66 percent during the next few years.
British White Paper of 1939, (4)‑‑‑‑ restricted Pelagic sealing was finally abolished (5)‑‑‑‑ a
Jewish immigration and land purchases and treaty concluded in 1911 by Japan, Russia,
backed away from support for an independent Britain, and the United States; subsequently, the
Jewish state (5)‑‑‑‑ appease the Arab world, herd gradually increased.
Ben‑Gurion called for full cooperation with the
Cloze Tests
British during World War II.
1.
A) was rejected
1.
B) had rejected
A) has served 67
B) served C) had been rejecting
C) had been serving D) has been rejecting
D) has been served E) rejected
E) had served
2.
MODADİL
A) which restricts
B) restrict
2.
A) that B) by which C) restricting
C) which D) who is D) that restricting
E) that is E) which restricting
3.
A) since B) because
3.
A) Since B) Because C) despite D) however
C) Despite D) However E) although
E) Although
www.modadil.com
4.
A) depleted
B) were depleted
4.
A) when B) that C) had depleted
C) which D) where D) has been depleted
E) how E) will be depleted
5.
A) in place of
5. B) without
A) in order to B) without
C) irrespective of
C) so as D) in place of
D) in terms of
E) for
E) under the terms of
Test

The U. S. Post Office became a private On September 11, 2001, the United States
operation in the 1970s (1)‑‑‑‑ the supervision (1)‑‑‑‑ the most devastating terrorist attack in its
of the U.S. federal government, and (2)‑‑‑‑ the history. Hijackers seized four commercial jets and
U.S. Postal Service (USPS). Today the USPS crashed two of them into the twin towers of the
is self‑supporting, and (3)‑‑‑‑ a number of new World Trade Center in New York City, causing
Technologies (4)‑‑‑‑ will allow it to offer better the collapse and destruction of (2)‑‑‑‑ towers. A
service at lower cost, (5)‑‑‑‑ electronic document third jet crashed into a section of the Pentagon
delivery services and new electronic sorting near Washington, D.C., and the final jet crashed
systems. into a field southeast of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
More than 3,000 people (3)‑‑‑‑ dead or missing.
On September 20, President George W. Bush
Cloze Tests
addressed a joint session of Congress (4)‑‑‑‑ the

tragedy and the U.S. response to it. He spoke
1. of the country coming together and the need
A) on B) with for patience in the face of a long battle (5)‑‑‑‑
C) under D) within terrorism.
68 E) behind
1.
A) has suffered
2.
A) has renamed B) suffered
B) has been renamed C) has been suffering

MODADİL
C) had been renamed D) had suffered
D) renamed E) was suffering
E) was renamed
2.
A) every B) either
C) all D) none
3.
A) has been exploring E) both
B) explored
C) will explore 3.
A) have reported
D) is exploring
B) reported
E) had explored
C) were reported
www.modadil.com
D) have been reported

E) had reported
4.
A) who B) how
C) that D) by which 4.
A) to discuss B) discussing
E) to which
C) to be discussed D) being discussed
E) to have discussed
5.
A) that includes B) including 5.
A) behind B) into
C) to include D) included
C) on D) against
E) having included
E) with
Test

Anyone looking for a way to do something for The United States will officially take 70,000
the environment need look no further than their refugees in 2013. (1)‑‑‑‑ the number will be much
own home. In its struggle to (1)‑‑‑‑ with the Kyoto lower as many thousands will be caught up in
Protocol of 1997 and reduce greenhouse gas lengthy (2)‑‑‑‑ necessitated by post‑September
emissions to (2)‑‑‑‑ 1990s levels, the EU (3)‑‑‑‑ 11th security procedures. In 2002, for example,
to reduce energy consumption in the home. This America (3)‑‑‑‑ only 30,000 refugees, the lowest
is (4)‑‑‑‑ surprising since the EU’s 160 million number in 25 years. This is a remarkable (4)‑‑‑‑ of
buildings are (5)‑‑‑‑ responsible for a staggering America’s traditional generosity (5)‑‑‑‑ the world’s
40% of all energy consumed by its 15 states. displaced.
Cloze Tests
1. 1.
A) concur B) agree A) In place of
C) augment D) compete B) In exchange for
E) comply C) In practice 69
D) In case
E) In excess of
2.
A) forward B) over
C) behind D) below
MODADİL
2.
E) back A) differences B) competitions
C) departures D) delays
E) resources
3.
A) to have sought
B) would seek
3.
C) having been sought A) had accepted
D) would be seeking B) has been accepted
E) is seeking C) would accept
D) is accepting
E) accepted
www.modadil.com
4.
A) hardly B) nevertheless
C) more D) in fact
4.
E) just A) reversal B) exchange
C) comparison D) extension
E) appreciation
5.
A) nearly B) apparently
C) therefore D) likely
5.
E) temporarily A) beneath B) through
C) over D) towards
E) beyond
Test

In the pharmaceutical industry, vaccines have long In Britain, firemen have been on partial strike
been poor stepsisters to big, glamorous drugs. for months, demanding a huge pay increase
Immunization campaigns have worked wonders, (1)‑‑‑‑ bitterly resisting changes to their working
(1)‑‑‑‑ scourges such as polio. (2)‑‑‑‑ annual global conditions. Tony Blair’s labour government has
sales of vaccines have fallen off during (3)‑‑‑‑ watched with (2)‑‑‑‑ alarm as a series of elections
years and the number of major companies (4)‑‑‑‑ has put militant leaders (3)‑‑‑‑ the top jobs at some
them has shrunk from 20 in the 1980’s to just of the biggest unions. In April, Kevin Curran (4)‑‑‑‑
4. This is a sure sign that it (5)‑‑‑‑ an economic the more moderate John Edmonds as leader of
business to be in. the GMB, Britain’s fourth‑largest union; and in
May a left‑winger defeated the (5)‑‑‑‑ favoured by
the Labour Party for the leadership of the powerful
Cloze Tests
T&G union.
1.
A) committing
B) pulling down
70 C) wiping out 1.
A) when B) while
D) interfering with
C) so D) as
E) expressing
E) if
2.
MODADİL
A) Yet B) Consequently 2.
C) Closely D) As far as A) some B) any
E) Regarding C) such D) like
E) as
3.
A) continuous B) contemporary
3.
C) latter D) recent A) over B) up
E) final C) past D) into
E) with
4.
A) to sell
www.modadil.com
B) having sold 4.
A) to be succeeding
C) to be selling
B) has succeeded
D) to have been sold
C) would succeed
E) selling
D) having succeeded
E) succeeded
5.
A) didn’t need to be
B) hasn’t been
5.
C) wouldn’t be A) candidate B) applicant
D) didn’t use to be C) nominee D) customer
E) shouldn’t be E) participant
Test

Certain features of the motorway undoubtedly The human body has the ability to adapt to widely
ease the strain of driving. Gradients and bends differing climatic conditions while maintaining a
are so controlled as to obviate the necessity constant internal temperature of about 98. 6 degrees
(1)‑‑‑‑ sharp braking and the absence of traffic Fahrenheit. (1)‑‑‑‑ man cannot live without protection
approaching from the other direction removes in very high or very low temperatures, the Indians on
one of the commonest sources of accidents. the tip of South America and the Australian aborigines
Many dangers remain, (2)‑‑‑‑, made more terrible (2)‑‑‑‑ endure extreme cold with little or no clothing.
by the high speeds of vehicles. A collision at Eskimos have also developed short limbs (3)‑‑‑‑ the
seventy miles an hour is almost (3)‑‑‑‑ appalling extent of blood circulation, and Negroids have adapted
in its results. A mechanical defect in the car to tropical conditions (4)‑‑‑‑ darkening of skin colour.
or a puncture can (4)‑‑‑‑ loss of control and Nevertheless, man has generally adapted to extreme
Cloze Tests
catastrophe. The car should be completely temperatures (5)‑‑‑‑ developing his material culture.
roadworthy and tyre pressures and treads need to
(5)‑‑‑‑ at regular intervals.
1.
A) Despite B) Besides 71
1.
A) of B) in C) Although D) In spite of
C) on D) out E) However
E) with
2.
A) are able to B) should
MODADİL
C) could D) might
2.
A) although B) despite E) had better
C) however D) while
E) wheras 3.
A) reduce
B) being reduced
C) having reduced
3.
A) fortunately B) immediately D) to reduce
C) inevitably D) credibly E) to be reduced
E) reluctantly
4.
A) with B) on
www.modadil.com
4. C) by D) without
A) enable B) arise from E) near
C) disable D) result from
E) lead to 5.
A) irrespective of
B) with a view to
5. C) thereby
A) check
D) by means of
B) have checked
E) on the verge of
C) be checked
D) have been checked
E) be checking
Test

One of the unknown factors with tax cuts is Insect control is only one of the problems being
(1)‑‑‑‑ consumers will do with the extra income addressed by cooperative agricultural research
thereby made available to them. Such cuts teams. (1)‑‑‑‑ the problem of pests, great
are usually made with the aim of stimulating quantities of food are lost by improper threshing
a flagging economy, but the effects on growth methods and by poor handling, storage, and
tend to be (2)‑‑‑‑ if consumers, (3)‑‑‑‑ going on food preservation. Fermentation and mold (2)‑‑‑‑
a spending spree buying durable goods such as wet‑season crop harvesting and badly organised
home appliances, decide either to pay off their drying and milling facilities (3)‑‑‑‑ much grain.
accumulated debts (4)‑‑‑‑ hold on to the extra Grain dryers that work for North America may
cash in the form of savings. And the fact is that be useless (4)‑‑‑‑ tropical climates. Grain bins
usually when a tax cut (5)‑‑‑‑, company investment designed for gentle prairie winds are no good
Cloze Tests
tends to be running at a low ebb, and only the for Africa’s blazing sun. (5)‑‑‑‑ the right storage
consumers has the necessary means, that is, to facilities for local conditions is a great need
provide a fresh impetus.
72 1.
1. A) Although B) In spite of
A) that B) whether
C) Since D) Besides
C) what D) if
E) However
E) when
2.
MODADİL
2. A) while B) out of
A) negligible B) logical
C) during D) within
C) illegal D) important
E) meanwhile
E) irresponsible
3.
3. A) have lost
A) in spite of
B) lost
B) regardless of
C) have been losing
C) irrespective of
D) will lose
D) instead of
E) lose
E) in accordance with
4.
www.modadil.com
4. A) on B) in
A) nor B) and
C) near D) with
C) with D) by
E) through
E) or
5.
5. A) To be developed
A) wiil be implemented
B) Being developed
B) is implemented
C) Developing
C) implement
D) Having developed
D) have been implemented
E) Having been developed
E) was implemented
Test

The atom bomb, and still more the hydrogen In recent years evidence (1)‑‑‑‑ that
bomb, (1)‑‑‑‑ new fairs involving new doubts as polyunsaturated fatty acids function in protecting
to the effects of science on human life. Some humans and some laboratory animals from
eminent authorities, (2)‑‑‑‑ Einstein, have pointed diseases of the arteries and heart (2)‑‑‑‑
out that there is a danger of the (3)‑‑‑‑ of all life atherosclerosis. In this disease, small patches of
on this planet. I don’t myself think this will happen fatty material, composed mostly (3)‑‑‑‑ cholesterol,
in the next war, but I think it (4)‑‑‑‑ happen in the form on the inside lining of the arteries. As the
next but one, if that is allowed to occur. (5)‑‑‑‑ deposits increase in thickness, they may (4)‑‑‑‑
this expectation is correct, we have to choose, the blood flow to the organs (5)‑‑‑‑ by the arteries
within the next fifty years or so, between two until the structures are severely damaged.
alternatives. Either we must allow the human race
Cloze Tests
to exterminate itself, or we must forgot certain
liberties which are very dear to us.
1.
A) showed
B) has shown
1. 73
A) caused C) shows
B) will cause D) has been showing
C) have caused E) had showed
D) had caused
E) had been causing 2.
MODADİL
A) alike B) as
2. C) except D) such as
A) including E) as if
B) also
C) except 3.
D) in addition to A) on B) with
E) neither C) of D) in
E) at
3.
A) expansion B) exception 4.
A) keep up with
C) instinction D) extinction
B) try on
E) isolation
www.modadil.com
C) cut down on
D) depen upon
4.
A) may well E) make up for
B) might as well
C) quite unlikely 5.
A) to supply
D) had better
B) supplying
E) likely
C) having supplied
D) to be supplied
5.
A) Even though B) If E) supplied
C) Unless D) Even if
E) As if
Test

Writers of advertisements are amateur Many observers (1)‑‑‑‑ on what seems to be the
psychologists. They know just (1)‑‑‑‑ will appeal to fact that fear plays a much smaller part than
our instincts and emotions. In general, there are we should think it must in the life of an animal
three major in our nature (2)‑‑‑‑ advertising aims: (2)‑‑‑‑ lives dangerously. Terror he can know, and
preservation, pride and pleasure. Preservation, perhaps he knows it frequently. But it seems to
(3)‑‑‑‑, relates to our innate desire to live longer, last only a little longer than the immediate danger
know more, and look better than our forefathers it helps him to avoid while lingering, (3)‑‑‑‑ in the
did. Pride encompasses all sorts of things, our human being it does, until it becomes a burden
desire to show off, to brag about our prosperity and threat. The frightened bird resumes his song
or our good taste, to be one of the elite. We all as soon as danger (4)‑‑‑‑ and (5)‑‑‑‑ does the
want (4)‑‑‑‑ the fruits (5)‑‑‑‑ our labours, and this is frightened rabbit his games. It is almost as if they
Cloze Tests
where the pleasure principle comes in. We want to knew that ‘cowards die many times before their
be entertained, to eat and drink well, and to relax deaths; the valiant never tastes of that but once.’
in comfortable surroundings.
74 1.
1. A) commanded
A) that B) how
B) had commanded
C) what D) which
C) have been commanded
E) when
D) have commanded
E) were commanded
MODADİL
2.
A) which B) at which
C) in which D) on which 2.
A) where B) who
E) for which
C) when D) how
E) which
3.
A) such as
B) for illustrate 3.
A) like B) so
C) though
C) such D) for
D) for example
E) as
E) since
4.
www.modadil.com
4. A) passed
A) to be enjoyed
B) had passed
B) enjoying
C) has passed
C) to be enjoying
D) pass
D) being enjoyed
E) will pass
E) to enjoy
5.
5. A) either B) so
A) of B) by
C) or D) too
C) on D) with
E) neither
E) for
Test

The natural beauty and biodiversity of Barbados For centuries Turkey’s economy was
(1)‑‑‑‑ large numbers of tourists, but the growth predominantly agricultural. Today, farming remains
(2)‑‑‑‑ popularity has brought about several a key sector of the Turkish economy and (1)‑‑‑‑
problems. (3)‑‑‑‑ local revenue has increased, about 46 percent of national employment. (2)‑‑‑‑,
water pollution from waste disposal by ships and Turkey (3)‑‑‑‑ considerable growth (4)‑‑‑‑ industry
damage to surrounding reefs have become major and services—including finance, transportation,
environmental concerns. A 240‑hectare (590‑acre) and professional and government services—since
marine reserve (4)‑‑‑‑ in 1980 to (5)‑‑‑‑ the the end of World War II (1939‑1945), (5)‑‑‑‑ the
coastline and reefs of Barbados. role of agriculture has declined. Manufactured
goods, especially textiles and clothing, now
dominate the country’s export sector.
Cloze Tests
1.
A) attracted
1.
B) had been attracting A) relies on
C) attract B) accounts for
75
D) had attracted C) depends upon
E) has been attracting D) looks for
E) calls for
MODADİL
2. 2.
A) on B) from A) Although
C) with D) at B) Despite
E) in C) However
D) Because of
E) As a result of
3.
A) Despite B) Although
3.
C) Since D) For A) experienced
E) Due to B) has experienced
C) would experience
D) had experienced
www.modadil.com
4. E) had been experiencing

A) established
B) had been established
4.
C) had established A) for B) about
D) have been established C) in D) on
E) was established E) at
5.
5. A) before B) after
A) prevent B) predict C) by the time D) until
C) provoke D) protect E) while
E) prevail
Test

Compared to the rest of the Middle East, Turkey In a major language reform initiated (1)‑‑‑‑ 1928,
has (1)‑‑‑‑ water resources, and these support Turkey (2)‑‑‑‑ a modified Latin alphabet in place
a rich and diverse agricultural sector. Seasonal of the Arabic script that (3)‑‑‑‑ for centuries to
precipitation in the highlands of Turkey, (2)‑‑‑‑ write Turkish. The objective of this reform was
falls as snow, provides many permanent streams to make literacy in Turkish easier to achieve, as
and also seeps (3)‑‑‑‑ the ground to replenish the reformers believed (4)‑‑‑‑ Arabic inadequately
underground aquifers. These aquifers are an represented the sounds of Turkish vowels. (5)‑‑‑‑
important source of water for irrigation. In addition, 1932 and 1950, the official Turkish Language
hydroelectric resources are under intensive Society made a concerted effort to purge the
development (4)‑‑‑‑ currently provide nearly (5)‑‑‑‑ Turkish language of loanwords from Arabic,
of Turkey’s electricity requirements. Persian, and other foreign languages.
Cloze Tests
1. 1.
A) considerable A) from B) on
76 B) considerate C) at D) in
C) convenient E) of
D) complicated
E) constructed
2.
MODADİL
A) adapted B) abducted
2.
A) many of which C) adopted D) abolished
B) much of which E) advocated
C) of which
D) much of that
E) many of that 3.
A) was used
B) had used
3.
A) on B) near C) used
C) behind D) into D) had been used
E) at E) has been used
www.modadil.com
4.
A) or B) also
4.
C) so D) but A) that B) what
E) and C) how D) where
E) when
5.
A) one‑three
B) one‑third
5.
C) first‑third A) From B) Both
D) first‑three C) Until D) Between
E) third‑one E) By
Test

The American Civil War is sometimes called the For many centuries, Hindus (1)‑‑‑‑ in the waters
War Between the States, the War of Rebellion, of the sacred Ganges River in India as a means
or the War for Southern Independence. It (1)‑‑‑‑ of attaining holiness. Muslims are called upon to
on April 12, 1861, (2)‑‑‑‑ Confederate General wash their faces and hands—with sand (2)‑‑‑‑
P.G. T. Beauregard opened fire on Fort Sumter no water is available—before each of their five
in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, and lasted daily prayers. The Jains of India attach great
(3)‑‑‑‑ May 26, 1865, when the last Confederate significance (3)‑‑‑‑ ceremonially washing the
army surrendered. The war took more than statues of their divinities. The Mandaeans of Iraq
600,000 lives, destroyed (4)‑‑‑‑ valued at $5 perform many religious ablutions, notably bathing
billion, brought freedom to 4 million black slaves, every morning before sunrise in the Euphrates
and opened wounds that have not yet completely River in Asia. Jews make use of the mikvah, a
Cloze Tests
healed more than 125 years (5)‑‑‑‑. ritual bath, in certain purification ceremonies
(4)‑‑‑‑ the purification of persons converting to
Judaism or of women after menstruation. In the
Western world a widespread form of religious
ablution is baptism, (5)‑‑‑‑ some denominations
1. of Christianity believe that both “original” sin
A) has begun (the universal sinfulness of humanity) and one’s 77
B) began personal sin are washed away.
C) begun
D) had begun
E) was beginning 1.
A) bathed
MODADİL
B) have bathed
C) had bathed
2.
A) that B) where D) had been bathing
C) then D) when E) bath
E) how
2.
A) unless B) assuming
C) as if D) even if
3.
A) to B) by the time E) if
C) until D) for
E) on 3.
A) for B) at
www.modadil.com
C) on D) in
E) to
4.
A) prosperity B) property
C) productivity D) profundity 4.
A) as B) such as
E) propriety
C) likewise D) much as
E) for
5.
A) afterwards B) until 5.
A) by which B) on which
C) before D) after
C) which D) that
E) later
E) for which
Test

Mifepristone (1)‑‑‑‑ in 1980 by French (1)‑‑‑‑ Greece did not come into being as a
endocrinologist Etienne‑Emile Baulieu, who modern state until the 19th century, its people have
was then a consultant (2)‑‑‑‑ the French a proud history that stretches back thousands of
pharmaceutical company Roussel Uclaf. The drug years. In the 1st millennium BC, ancient Greek
was initially called RU‑486 because it was the city‑states led by Athens (2)‑‑‑‑ tremendous
486th in a series of compounds that the company advances in government, philosophy, and the arts.
tested. It (3)‑‑‑‑ in France to induce abortions The ancient Greek civilization was concentrated
since 1988. Mifepristone has subsequently been (3)‑‑‑‑ the coastlines of present‑day Greece and
marketed in many countries around the world, its islands, (4)‑‑‑‑ the Aegean coast of what is
(4)‑‑‑‑ the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, today Turkey The archaeological remains of many
and China. However, the United States Food and of the cities and sacred sites of ancient Greece
Cloze Tests
Drug Administration (FDA) did not approve its use (5)‑‑‑‑ in modern Greece.
until September 2000. The delay in the United
States was (5)‑‑‑‑ opposition by conservative
religious political activists.
1.
78 A) However B) Despite
1. C) Because D) Although
A) developed E) Due to
B) was developed
C) had developed 2.
D) had been developed A) have made
MODADİL
E) has developed B) had made

C) make
2. D) have been making

A) for B) about E) made
C) to D) with
E) in 3.
A) for B) in
3. C) on D) at
A) was used E) about
B) had used
C) had been used 4.
A) in addition
www.modadil.com
D) has used
E) has been used B) for
C) due to
4. D) as well as
A) also B) for E) as regards
C) including D) except
E) as 5.
A) were located
5. B) have located
A) since B) due to C) locate
C) therefore D) lest D) hah been located
E) though E) are located
Test

From the beginning of the 15th century until about The dramatic growth of the world’s population in
1650, types of helmets (1)‑‑‑‑ throughout Europe. the twentieth century is on a scale without parallel
Certain important types, diverse (2)‑‑‑‑ size and in human history. Most of this growth (1)‑‑‑‑
shape and more or less elaborately decorated, since 1950 and is known (2)‑‑‑‑ the population
were called the sallet, the armet, the burgonet, ‘explosion’. Between 1950 and 1980 the world
and the morion. (3)‑‑‑‑ the use of firearms in population increased from 2,5 to over 4 billion,
warfare became more general, helmets lost their and by the end of the century this figure (3)‑‑‑‑
utility, especially as (4)‑‑‑‑ for the face. Modern to at least 6 billion. Growth of this size cannot
military helmets, such as those worn in World continue indefinitely. Recent forecasts suggest
Wars I and II, afford no protection for the face; (4)‑‑‑‑ the total population will level‑out at between
they are usually steel coverings designed for 10 and 15 billion in the mid twenty‑first century.
Cloze Tests
maximum protection of the head (5)‑‑‑‑ shrapnel Already there are encouraging signs that the rate
and ricocheted bullets. of increase in (5)‑‑‑‑ less developed countries is
beginning to slow down.
1. 79
A) had proliferated 1.
A) would be occuring
B) proliferate
B) occurs
C) have proliferated
C) had occured
D) have been proliferating
D) has occurred
E) proliferated
MODADİL
E) occured
2.
2. A) like B) as
A) on B) in
C) for D) about
C) at D) with
E) with
E) for
3.
A) will rise
3. B) will be rising
A) Due to B) So that
C) would rise
C) As D) However
D) would be rising
E) Despite
www.modadil.com
E) will have risen
4.
4. A) what B) how
A) promotion B) prohibition
C) that D) when
C) protection D) probation
E) where
E) proportion
5.
A) too B) more
5. C) many D) such
A) for B) above
E) so
C) towards D) against
E) on
Test

There are many little known diseases in the world. One of (1)‑‑‑‑ deadly plants in the world is poison
One of them is XP, a (1)‑‑‑‑ genetic disorder which hemlock. This plant grows in many parts of the
affects one in a million children. It is caused (2)‑‑‑‑ world. It is quite dangerous to humans; people
an enzyme deficiency which makes the skin overly can die (2)‑‑‑‑ they eat it. One thing (3)‑‑‑‑
(3)‑‑‑‑ to sunlight. Eventually, fatal skin cancers makes poison hemlock really dangerous is that it
and brain tumours (4)‑‑‑‑ and to date there is looks like some plants that people normally eat.
no effective way of treating them. Indeed, (5)‑‑‑‑ Hemlock belongs (4)‑‑‑‑ the same family of plants
patients with this disorder manage to complete as the carrot. The leaves of the plant look very
their teens much like parsley, and its roots look like carrots.
People have died when they have made a mistake
and have eaten poison hemlock thinking that they
Cloze Tests
were eating either parsley (5)‑‑‑‑ carrots.

1.
A) rare B) harmless
C) considerable D) common 1.
80 E) desperate A) most B) the most
C) the more D) more
E) the much
2.
A) with B) from
C) by D) through
MODADİL
2.
E) out of A) unless B) if
C) as if D) even if
E) if only
3.
A) sensations B) sensitive
C) sensible D) sensitivity 3.
E) sensibility A) what B) how
C) that D) when
E) where
4.
A) have developed
www.modadil.com
B) are developed 4.
C) to develop A) at B) to
D) develop C) on D) in
E) were developing E) with
5. 5.
A) only a little A) nor B) and
B) a little C) but also D) neither
C) too much E) or
D) vast amount of
E) few
Test

Birds are members of a group of animals called The first traces of writing date from 3500 B. C.
vertebrates, (1)‑‑‑‑ possess a spinal column or From that time (1)‑‑‑‑ people (2)‑‑‑‑ their own
backbone. (2)‑‑‑‑ vertebrates are fish, amphibians, history. By writing down their experiences, they
reptiles, and mammals. Many characteristics got the opportunity to tell future generations (3)‑‑‑‑
and behaviors of birds are distinct (3)‑‑‑‑ all other they were like and how they lived. From these
animals, but there are some similarities. (4)‑‑‑‑ documents, we can get firsthand information
mammals, birds have four‑chambered hearts and about the rise and fall of civilizations and (4)‑‑‑‑
are warm‑blooded—having a relatively constant significant events. The history of the world –
body temperature that enables them to live in from the first civilizations to the present‑ is based
a wide variety of environments. Like reptiles, largely (5)‑‑‑‑ what has been written down by
birds (5)‑‑‑‑ from embryos in eggs outside of the peoples through the ages.
Cloze Tests
mother’s body.
1.
1. A) towards B) for
A) that B) who
C) since D) through
81
C) which D) where
E) onward
E) how
2.
MODADİL
2. A) were able to record

A) Any B) Another
B) would be recorded
C) All D) Other
C) will have recorded
E) Others
D) used to recording
E) must have recorded
3.
A) with B) about
C) from D) against 3.
A) that B) which
E) upon
C) where D) what
E) why
www.modadil.com
4.
A) As B) For
C) Such D) Except 4.
A) other B) others
E) Like
C) another D) each
E) every
5.
A) develop
B) have developed 5.
A) in B) on
C) developed
C) from D) with
D) had developed
E) at
E) have been developing
Test

The population of the world continues to increase Criminal activities occur all over the world. (1)‑‑‑‑,
at an alarming rate. (1)‑‑‑‑ the rise of high‑tech in different communities the (2)‑‑‑‑ of crime may
agriculture, food supplies remain inadequate. be different. In fact, (3)‑‑‑‑ that may be regarded
According to a recent survey, there are now 800 as a criminal offence in one country may be
million people who regularly do not get (2)‑‑‑‑ regarded as perfectly acceptable behavior (4)‑‑‑‑.
to eat. (3)‑‑‑‑, this is often because of a lack of Similarly, when it comes to punishment, there are
money. However, by the year 2050 there (4)‑‑‑‑ 9 many (5)‑‑‑‑ in the degree of severity.
billion mouths to feed, (5)‑‑‑‑ is 3 billion more than
today.
Cloze Tests
1.
A) Although B) In spite of
1. C) While D) However
A) Although B) Despite
E) Since
C) Following D) In contrast to
82 E) However
2.
A) assessment
2. B) adjustment
A) so many B) more
C) abbreviation
C) satisfactory D) enough
MODADİL
D) abstraction
E) adequately
E) acceleration
3.
A) Admittedly B) Sparsely 3.
A) something B) anybody
C) Occasionally D) Likely
C) whatever D) whether
E) Hardly
E) if
4.
A) would be 4.
A) in the others
www.modadil.com
B) would have been

B) each other
C) will be
C) one another
D) had been
D) to the others
E) could have been
E) in another
5.
A) that B) what 5.
A) deceptions
C) whose D) which
B) designations
E) where
C) desperations
D) discrepancies
E) detections
Test

The term “Third World” (1)‑‑‑‑ to denote the When economists try to explain the reason
poor nations of Africa, Asia and Latin America, (1)‑‑‑‑ the Internet is more popular in one country
as opposed (2)‑‑‑‑ the “First World” of capitalist than another, they usually point to factors (2)‑‑‑‑
developed nations and the “Second World” of number of PCs, telephone lines or average years
communist, developed nations. The terminology is of schooling. However, something less quantifiable
far from satisfactory, (3)‑‑‑‑ there is a great social may be (3)‑‑‑‑ important: trust. This, at least, is
and political variation (4)‑‑‑‑ the “Third World”. the result of a recent study; (4)‑‑‑‑ compared 16
Actually, there are some countries (5)‑‑‑‑ extreme countries. The Internet’s anonymity and vastness
poverty prevails, and these could be regarded as encourage misrepresentation and fraud. (5)‑‑‑‑,
a “fourth” group. people who are normally suspicious tend to shun
the medium, while more trusting ones embrace it.
Cloze Tests
1.
A) was used 1.
A) that B) which
B) is used
C) why D) how
83
C) has been used
E) what
D) had used
E) has used
2.
MODADİL
A) all B) even
2. C) such as D) also
A) in B) on
E) if only
C) at D) with
E) to
3.
A) most
3. B) more than
A) although
C) the more
B) in spite of
D) many more
C) because of
E) more
D) thereby
www.modadil.com
E) as
4.
A) that B) what
4. C) how D) which
A) out of B) within
E) it
C) on D) towards
E) against
5.
A) In contrast B) Unlike
5. C) Thus D) Whereby
A) which B) when
E) Due to
C) that D) where
E) how
Test

The literature of (1)‑‑‑‑ society reveals the values, A great deal of archeological evidence (1)‑‑‑‑ the
the conflicts and the experiences, (2)‑‑‑‑ past and significance of water supply systems in the ancient
present, of its members. Through the literature of world. Probably, the most impressive systems
a people it is possible to gain some insight into were built by the Romans, (2)‑‑‑‑ aqueducts still
their attitudes, beliefs and problems. Much of stand in modern Italy, Spain, France and Turkey.
human experience is similar, (3)‑‑‑‑ basically all Rome itself had a water supply estimated (3)‑‑‑‑
men have similar needs, and the reader may find 50 million gallons a day, or about 50 gallons a
his own concern voiced by a character (4)‑‑‑‑ a day for each resident of the city. The water (4)‑‑‑‑
novel written centuries (5)‑‑‑‑. to fountains where people collected it in pots and
then carried it to their homes: only (5)‑‑‑‑ buildings
and residences had connections to the main
Cloze Tests
pipelines.
1.
A) all B) some
C) most D) any 1.
84 E) both A) will have revealed
B) would reveal
C) has revealed
2. D) was revealed
A) whether B) not only E) was revealing
C) neither D) either
MODADİL
E) both 2.
A) who B) that
C) in which D) whose
3. E) whom
A) although B) therefore
C) because D) whereas 3.
E) due to A) at B) on
C) in D) with
E) for
4.
A) on B) in 4.
A) delivered
www.modadil.com
C) at D) from
E) with B) was delivered
C) had delivered
D) is being delivered
5. E) is delivered
A) coming B) until
C) later D) pass 5.
E) before A) a few
B) a little
C) great amount of
D) little
E) few
Test

The term “crusade” is commonly used to refer Many students are introduced to a broad range of
to the military expeditions organized by Western books and magazines when they are at school.
Christians against Muslim Powers (1)‑‑‑‑ take They often conclude, mistakenly, that to be
possession of or maintain control over the Holy well‑read means reading (1)‑‑‑‑ books as possible.
City of Jerusalem and the places associated Indeed, to be well‑read means reading well and
with the earthly life of Jesus Christ, between (2)‑‑‑‑ among the works that are most challenging.
1095, when the First Crusade, (2)‑‑‑‑ and 1291, Most detective stories, once read, can be (3)‑‑‑‑
when the Latin Christians were finally (3)‑‑‑‑ from forever – all the clues have been sorted out,
their bases in Syria, historians have formally the criminal has been apprehended, and all the
enumerated eight major expeditions. (4)‑‑‑‑ lesser questions have been answered. Challenging
ventures also took place, and even after 1291 books, (4)‑‑‑‑, do not pretend to answer all
Cloze Tests
there were attempts to recover (5)‑‑‑‑ had been questions. They pose problems and call upon the
lost. reader to provide answers. They are books (5)‑‑‑‑
one can go back to time and again and reread
with pleasure.
1. 85
A) so that B) as for
1.
C) lest D) so as to A) so many
E) whereby B) as many
C) the more
2. D) the most
MODADİL
A) had been launched

E) as much
B) launched
C) has launched
2.
D) has been launched A) selectively
E) was launched B) unwillingly
C) discriminately
3. D) temporarily
A) thrown out
E) permanently
B) depend on
C) closed up
3.
D) run out of A) put off B) put on
E) left out
www.modadil.com
C) put up D) put aside

E) put in
4.
A) Another
4.
B) All other A) similar to B) also
C) Many other C) by contrast D) even so
D) One another E) although
E) The others
5.
5. A) where B) that
A) which B) that C) whose D) how
C) whose D) how E) what
E) what
Test

A massive earthquake (1)‑‑‑‑ on the northwestern The United States National Labor Relations
city of İzmit struck Turkey on August 17, 1999, Board (NLRB) (1)‑‑‑‑ on November 9, 1999,
killed at least 15,000 people, injuring more than that the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and
30,000, and left more than tens of thousands Textile Employees (UNITE) (2)‑‑‑‑ the right to
missing and presumed dead. Turkish officials said represent more than 5,000 textile workers at six
the earthquake was (2)‑‑‑‑ the worst disaster in the North Carolina plants owned by the Pillowtex
country’s history. Rated at 7.4 on the open‑ended Corporation of Dallas, Texas. (3)‑‑‑‑ the plants are
Richter scale of earthquake measurement, the located in the traditionally antiunion South and are
earthquake toppled hundreds of buildings in part of an industry (4)‑‑‑‑ has resisted unionization
cities along the northeastern coast of the Sea of for nearly two centuries observers hailed the
Marmara, (3)‑‑‑‑ is a heavily populated industrial NLRB’s announcement as the labor movement’s
Cloze Tests
region. (4)‑‑‑‑ of September 5, the official death toll biggest gain in years. (5)‑‑‑‑, analysts said the
was 15,082. United Nations (UN) officials said the labor movement still faces numerous challenges,
death toll could rise to more than 40,000, (5)‑‑‑‑ including declining numbers of union workers and
thousands of people are still missing and are ineffective organization in growth industries.
believed to be buried in the rubble. The timing of
the earthquake may have contributed to the death
86 toll: The 45‑second temblor struck just after 3 am,
when many of the victims were asleep.
1.
A) indicated B) irrigated
C) declared D) operated
1. E) investigated
A) to be centered
MODADİL
B) centered
2.
C) centering A) was winning
D) having centered B) would win
E) to center C) have won
D) was won
2. E) had won
A) by far B) very
C) so D) as
3.
E) most A) Despite B) Because
C) Hence D) However
3. E) In order that
A) what B) where
www.modadil.com
C) in which D) which
4.
E) that A) in which B) ––
C) where D) that
4. E) whose
A) Like B) As
C) Such D) Some
5.
E) Since A) Although
B) Providing
5. C) As though
A) although B) however
D) Nevertheless
C) because of D) nonetheless
E) Because
E) since
Test

Perhaps the most widely (1)‑‑‑‑ of all the younger In March 1968, Germany President Heinrich
writers has been the dramatist, John Osborne, Lübke, in a nationwide address, admitted having
who (2)‑‑‑‑ in book form his two very successful worked during World War II for an architectural firm
plays, Look Back In Anger and The Entertainer. called Schlempp, (1)‑‑‑‑ by the Nazi government
The hero of the first of these plays, Jimmy Porter, to build various wartime construction projects.
who is of working‑class parentage, who has a Among these projects were facilities connected
degree from a provincial university, and who with the Peenemünde rocket‑launching site and
(3)‑‑‑‑ an upper‑class girl. He stands (4)‑‑‑‑ an a number of wooden barracks, some of (2)‑‑‑‑
unfocused and apparently unjustified rancor which were later used as concentration camps. (3)‑‑‑‑
even those against whom it is directed find oddly this association, Communist East Germany had
moving and disturbing. The Entertainer similarly mounted a campaign, beginning in January 1965,
Cloze Tests
dramatizes the profound uneasiness, the sense of charging Lübke with deep involvement in planning
drift, (5)‑‑‑‑ gripped many English people after the and building concentration camps. In his public
Suez crisis and uses the decline of the traditional defense he recalled that twice, (4)‑‑‑‑ managing
English popular art of the music hall as a symbol director of the German Farmers Association, he
of a deeper decline. had been arrested by the Nazis. (5)‑‑‑‑ his release
Lübke had obtained employment as a surveyor
with the Schlempp group, which indeed had 87
designed the wooden barracks that were later
used to house slave labor.
1.
A) to discuss
B) discussed
1.
C) being discussed A) assigned B) collaborated
MODADİL
D) discussing C) asserted D) increased

E) to have discussed E) resisted
2. 2.
A) dropped off B) put aside A) that B) whom
C) made up D) brought out C) which D) where
E) took out E) whose
3. 3.
A) was married A) On the strength of
B) has been married B) In danger of
C) will marry
www.modadil.com
C) For the sake of

D) has married D) On the verge of
E) had married E) In charge of
4. 4.
A) off B) about A) like B) such
C) for D) with C) as D) the same
E) up E) mostly
5. 5.
A) which B) who A) From B) On
C) that D) with whose C) In D) Onward
E) where E) At
Test

Three American scientists were (1)‑‑‑‑ awarded the The study of the social aspects of mental health,
1968 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine: Robert often called social psychiatry, (1)‑‑‑‑ rapidly during
W. Holley, permanent resident fellow of the Salk 1955‑1956 (2)‑‑‑‑ shown by publication of important
Institute; Indian‑born H. Gobind Khorana, (2)‑‑‑‑ research studies in social psychiatry, (3)‑‑‑‑
was a professor of life sciences at the University awareness among psychiatrists of the contributions
of Wisconsin; and Marshall W. Nirenberg, head of which sociologists can make to psychiatry,
the biochemical genetics section at the National and increasing public interest in psychiatry in
Institutes of Health. The three scientists received general. A periodical devoted exclusively to
the prize for their explanation of the way genes social psychiatry, The International‑Journal of
(3)‑‑‑‑ the function of cells. (4)‑‑‑‑ independently, Social Psychiatry, appeared in 1955. Sponsoring
the men arrived at a common interpretation of the agencies for research and publication, (4)‑‑‑‑ the
Cloze Tests
genetic code and its function in making proteins. National Institute for Mental Health, and such the
Dr. Nirenberg was credited with providing “the very philanthropic foundations as the Ford Foundation
key” to the structure of the genetic code, (5)‑‑‑‑ Dr. which in 1955 set aside a large sum for research
Holley and Dr. Khorana were cited for “proving its (5)‑‑‑‑ social psychiatry, gave great impetus to
structure in detail.” research.
88
1. 1.
A) joining B) jointly A) had developed
C) joined D) joint B) develops
E) jointing C) would being developed
MODADİL
D) developed
2. E) to be developed
A) that is B) whose
C) to whom D) which
2.
E) who A) like B) as
C) such D) so
3. E) some
A) has determined
B) determined
3.
C) would determine A) grown
D) determine B) being grown
E) had termined C) to grow
www.modadil.com
D) growing
4. E) to be grown
A) Worked
B) Being worked
4.
C) Working A) notably B) suitably
D) Having been worked C) persuasively D) successively
E) To work E) obviously
5. 5.
A) when B) while A) out B) in
C) the moment D) nevertheless C) at D) with
E) despite E) for
Test

The 1994 General Aviation Revitalization Act, On January 17, after negotiation, threats, and
(1)‑‑‑‑ limited the period of liability for defective economic sanctions had failed to make Iraqi
aircraft designs, (2)‑‑‑‑ (3)‑‑‑‑ the business President Saddam Hussein undo his 1990
aircraft industry. This rebound was indicated by invasion of Kuwait, the United States and its
stepped‑up production schedules, increased allies launched a major air assault (1)‑‑‑‑ Iraq.
backlogs for turbine aircraft orders, (4)‑‑‑‑ The sustained bombing heavily damaged Iraq’s
employment, manufacturer reinvestment (research infrastructure (2)‑‑‑‑ taking many lives. A ground
and development and capital spending for new campaign began on February 24 added to the
factories and equipment) in the industry, and Iraqi death toll, which was estimated (3)‑‑‑‑
innovative aircraft designs, (5)‑‑‑‑ the Cessna between 100,000 and 200,000 soldiers. Fighting
Citation X and Learjet 45. ended on February 28, with Iraq (4)‑‑‑‑ Kuwait.
Cloze Tests
Immediately afterward, President Saddam
Hussein had to deal with internal rebellions (5)‑‑‑‑
1. in the massive destruction, shortages of food,
A) in which B) that clean water, and other civilian needs.
C) where D) what
E) which
89
1.
A) in B) on
C) with D) about
2.
A) has helped E) for
MODADİL
B) helps
C) would help 2.
A) as many as B) beside
D) was being helped
C) however D) though
E) helped
E) as well as
3.
3. A) to be B) being
A) revitalizing
C) to have been D) having been
B) revitalize
E) to being
C) being revitalized
D) revitalized
4.
E) to be revitalized A) made sense of
www.modadil.com
B) taken up with
C) made up for
4. D) got acquainted with
A) extended B) expanded
E) driven out of
C) surpassed D) obstructed
E) suspended
5.
A) resulted
B) resulting
5. C) to be resulting
A) notoriously B) sensibly
D) to have resulted
C) optionally D) especially
E) to result
E) certainly
Test

A researcher at the University of Arizona in ‘A Priori’, in philosophy, is a term used to denote

Tucson (1)‑‑‑‑ the 18th moon of Uranus, according the kind of knowledge derived from intellect or
to an announcement made on May 19, 1999. reason as contrasted with that (1)‑‑‑‑ comes
The moon, (2)‑‑‑‑ was just the third found from sense experience, called ‘a posteriori’.
around a major planet during the 1990s, ties Eighteenth‑century German philosopher Immanuel
Uranus with Saturn as the planet with the most Kant noted two (2)‑‑‑‑ characteristics of a priori
known satellites. The find was unusual (3)‑‑‑‑ it knowledge: universality and necessity. According
came from studying older images obtained by to Kant, the proposition 7 + 5 = 12 is universal,
the Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1986. Researcher in the sense that it has no exceptions. The
Erich Karkoschka discovered the moon (4)‑‑‑‑ proposition is (3)‑‑‑‑ necessary, in the sense that
comparing the Voyager 2 images with more it must be true; we can see that 7 + 5 could not
Cloze Tests
recent ones taken by the Hubble Space Telescope conceivably equal anything else but 12. (4)‑‑‑‑ of
(HST). The new satellite, which astronomers these characteristics is present in knowledge that
estimate to be about 40 km in diameter, (5)‑‑‑‑ comes from sense experience. For example, our
the temporary designation S/1986 U 10 until a knowledge that snow is white is not an insight that
permanent name is chosen. snow could not be other than white, (5)‑‑‑‑ we can
never be sure that an exception will not occur.
90
1. 1.
A) was discovered A) when B) which
B) had discovered C) what D) whichever
C) discovers E) whatever
MODADİL
D) has discovered
E) would discover 2.
A) disillusioned
2. B) reasonable
A) — B) that C) indicated
C) where D) in which D) distinguishing
E) which E) flattering
3. 3.
A) in that B) what A) as well B) like
C) which D) therefore C) also D) besides
E) whilst E) such
www.modadil.com
4. 4.
A) with B) for A) None B) All
C) into D) by C) Both D) Every
E) out of E) Neither
5. 5.
A) has given A) as a result of
B) had been given B) hence
C) has been given C) whereby
D) would give D) moreover
E) will have given E) further
Test

(1)‑‑‑‑ word forms have been in use since Bush’s presidency faced a challenge on
antiquity, and many current abbreviations (2)‑‑‑‑ September 11, 2001, (1)‑‑‑‑ terrorists attacked
from Latin. Most of the arts and sciences use both New York City and Washington, D.C. In a
symbols as abbreviations; they are universally single morning, hijackers (2)‑‑‑‑ four commercial
understood. Although (3)‑‑‑‑ specific rule governs jets. Two jets crashed into the twin towers of
the formation of abbreviations, certain kinds have the World Trade Center, (3)‑‑‑‑ the collapse and
become standard. (4)‑‑‑‑ are (A) first and last destruction of (4)‑‑‑‑ towers. A third jet crashed
letters, for example, PA for Pennsylvania; (B) key into a section of the Pentagon, which houses the
identifying letters, for example, apt. for apartment; U.S. Department of Defense. The final jet crashed
(C) syllables, for example, anon. for anonymous; in a field southeast of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
(D) (5)‑‑‑‑, as with titles or long names, for after passengers tried to overtake the hijackers.
Cloze Tests
example, OAS for Organization of American (5)‑‑‑‑ 3,000 people were reported dead or
States. missing after the attacks.
1. 1. 91
A) Shortening A) during B) once
B) To be shortened C) more D) as if
C) Having shortened E) though
D) Shortened
E) To shorten 2.
MODADİL
A) have seized
B) seized
2.
A) came C) had seized
B) will come D) were seized
C) have come E) would seize
D) were coming
E) had come 3.
A) caused
B) to be causing
3.
A) any B) no C) having caused
C) neither D) not D) causing
E) none E) being caused
www.modadil.com
4. 4.
A) The most common A) neither B) either
B) The more common C) all D) no
C) More common E) both
D) The same common as
E) Such common as 5.
A) Many more
B) Any longer
5.
A) syllables B) initials C) As many as
C) bearings D) endings D) Much as
E) earnings E) The same as
Test

Electronic Commerce or e‑commerce is the Maya Civilization was an ancient Native American
exchange of goods and services (1)‑‑‑‑ the culture that represented one of the most advanced
Internet or other computer networks. E‑commerce civilizations in the western hemisphere before the
follows (2)‑‑‑‑ basic principles as traditional arrival of Europeans. The people known as the
commerce; that is, buyers and sellers come Maya lived in the region (1)‑‑‑‑ is now eastern and
together to exchange goods for money. But southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador,
rather than (3)‑‑‑‑ business in the traditional way and western Honduras. The Maya culture (2)‑‑‑‑
‑ in stores and other “brick and mortar” buildings its highest development from about 300 A.D.
or through mail order catalogs and telephone to 900 A.D. The Maya built massive structures
operators ‑ in e‑commerce buyers and sellers (3)‑‑‑‑ stone pyramids, temples, and sculpture
transact business (4)‑‑‑‑ networked computers. and accomplished complex achievements in
Cloze Tests
E‑commerce offers buyers convenience. They mathematics and astronomy, which (4)‑‑‑‑ in
can visit the World Wide Web sites of multiple hieroglyphs (a pictorial form of writing). After 900
vendors 24 hours a day and seven days a week the Maya mysteriously declined in the southern
to compare prices and make purchases, without lowlands of Guatemala, they revived in the north
(5)‑‑‑‑ to leave their homes or offices. (5)‑‑‑‑ the Yucatán Peninsula and continued to
dominate the area until the Spanish conquest in
92 the 16th century.
1.
A) thereby 1.
B) throughout A) where B) with which
C) hence C) that D) whose

MODADİL
D) by means of E) of which
E) in exchange for
2.
A) would reach
2.
A) the same B) much more B) reaches
C) as D) such C) has reached
E) likewise D) reached
E) is going to reach
3.
A) to conduct 3.
B) conducting A) like B) as
C) to be conducted C) that D) likely

www.modadil.com
D) being conducted E) so
E) conducted
4.
A) recorded
4. B) are recording
A) over B) into
C) has recorded
C) behind D) for
D) were recorded
E) beneath
E) has been recorded
5. 5.
A) have B) to have A) over B) on
C) had D) having C) at D) for
E) to having E) behind
Test

Basic baseball equipment (1)‑‑‑‑ a hard ball, Composers have interpreted the Arthurian legend
a wooden or aluminum bat, a padded leather through music since the times of medieval
glove for each fielder for catching the ball, troubadours. From the post‑medieval period, the
cleated shoes, and protective helmets for most substantial early musical adaptation (1)‑‑‑‑
batters. Catchers wear special protective gear, King Arthur, or the British Worthy (1691), a vocal
including a helmet, a cagelike mask, a padded and instrumental work by English composer Henry
chest protector, and shin guards. A baseball has Purcell written to accompany a text by English
a cork center wrapped (2)‑‑‑‑ layers of rubber poet John Dryden. It combines heroic themes
and string. It is covered by pieces of leather that and mysterious rites (2)‑‑‑‑ moments of lighter
have been tightly stitched together. A baseball music. From the late 1600s (3)‑‑‑‑, and especially
measures about 23 cm in circumference. Bats since the early 19th century, composers (4)‑‑‑‑
Cloze Tests
are usually (3)‑‑‑‑ aluminum or of springy wood, oratorios, instrumental pieces, ballets, and at least
such as ash. They may be (4)‑‑‑‑ than 2.75 in (7 50 operas based on the legend. Of all the operas
cm) in diameter and no more than 42 in (107 cm) (5)‑‑‑‑ famous are Tristan und Isolde (1865) and
in length. Specific rules also describe the size Parsifal (1882) by German composer Richard
and construction of gloves, spiked shoes, batting Wagner; these works concern characters closely
helmets, and (5)‑‑‑‑ baseball equipment. identified with the Arthurian story.
93
1. 1.
A) seperates B) indicts A) were B) have been
C) contemplates D) induces C) would be D) was
MODADİL
E) includes E) are
2. 2.
A) for B) in A) into B) within
C) below D) off C) up D) over
E) at E) with
3. 3.
A) made up A) onward B) throughout
B) created for C) during D) in
C) made of E) upon
D) designed in
www.modadil.com
E) covered by 4.
A) created
B) had been created
4.
A) any longer B) no more C) were created
C) such a few D) by far D) have created
E) so much E) will create
5. 5.
A) many B) another A) much more B) the most
C) other D) others C) as many as D) least
E) the others E) much as
Test

Samurai is a warrior class in Japan or a member Competitors in sumo are called sumotori, (1)‑‑‑‑
of that class. (1)‑‑‑‑ the term was applied to the is a term used to refer to one or several sumo
whole military system of Japan, (2)‑‑‑‑ nobles and wrestlers. The most notable feature of the
vassals. By the beginning of the feudal period sumotori is their weight, which ranges (2)‑‑‑‑
in the 12th century, (3)‑‑‑‑, it denoted the military 130 kg (287 lB) to more than 200 kg (441 lb).
retainers of a daimyo, who was a feudal baron They achieve these proportions (3)‑‑‑‑ by eating
under the shogun, or military governor, of Japan. great quantities of food (traditionally including a
The samurai formed a distinct class, wearing high‑protein stew called chanko nabe), but by
two swords (4)‑‑‑‑ a symbol of their caste and (4)‑‑‑‑ a form of abdominal development called
following a rigid code of ethics known as bushido. haragei. Great weight gives a low center of gravity,
In 1867 the last shogun resigned, and the samurai (5)‑‑‑‑ aids the sumotori in propelling opponents
Cloze Tests
class lost its privileges in 1871 (5)‑‑‑‑ the whole outside the dohyo (sumo ring).
feudal system was abolished.
1.
94 1. A) that B) which
A) Presently B) Seemingly
C) who D) whose
C) Originally D) Ostensibly
E) why
E) Relatively
MODADİL
2.
2. A) into B) from
A) either B) whether
C) around D) over
C) neither D) every
E) below
E) both
3.
3. A) whether B) unlike
A) however B) although
C) not only D) both
C) even D) while
E) through
E) thus
www.modadil.com
4.
4. A) practiced
A) such B) as
B) to be practicing
C) since D) whereby
C) having practiced
E) like
D) to practice
E) practicing
5.
A) thereby B) when
C) whereas D) whatever 5.
A) that B) whose
E) however
C) in where D) which
E) what
Test

German Unification (1871), merging of the states Hoatzin is the common name for a South
in the North German Confederation and (1)‑‑‑‑ American bird that molecular studies indicate
German states, formed the German Empire. may be most closely related to the cuckoos, even
Before unification, Germany had been divided though the foot structure of the hoatzin is (1)‑‑‑‑
into many small states, which were unified in a The adult is about 36 cm (about 14 in) long and is
process that began in 1849 and ended in 1871. generally dark brown with white markings below.
(2)‑‑‑‑, unification did not include millions of It has a long, erectile crest of loose feathers on
people (3)‑‑‑‑ thought of themselves as German. its crown. (2)‑‑‑‑, its wings and legs are short, its
For example, the Germans of Bohemia (modern feet are large, its tail is long and wide, broadly
Czech Republic) and Austria remained outside the bordered with yellow. It feeds (3)‑‑‑‑ the fruit and
German Empire. German unification was a turning leaves of several trees found along the banks of
Cloze Tests
point in European history. The state (4)‑‑‑‑ in 1871 the Amazon River. The hoatzin has a very large
challenged Europe and the world in 1914 and crop, (4)‑‑‑‑ the leaves are stored in. The adult
again in 1939, and Germany’s defeat on (5)‑‑‑‑ gives off a musky, offensive odor causing the
occasions affected the course of international natives (5)‑‑‑‑ it “stinkbird” and “stinking pheasant.”
relations in the 20th century.
95
1.
1. A) alike B) similar
A) another
C) differentiating D) reverse
B) other
E) different
C) others
MODADİL
D) some others
2.
E) the others A) Therefore
B) However
2. C) Moreover
A) Whilst B) Hence
D) Nonetheless
C) Although D) Furthermore
E) As though
E) However
3.
3. A) on B) with
A) whose B) with whom
C) beneath D) for
C) when D) who
E) upward
E) where
www.modadil.com
4.
4. A) what B) which
A) to be emerged
C) that D) where
B) to have emerged
E) whose
C) was emerging
D) emerging
5.
E) to emerge A) calling
B) being called
5. C) to be called
A) either B) every
D) call
C) both D) neither
E) to call
E) all
Test

Increasing demand by Sierra Leone’s growing (1)‑‑‑‑ observe celestial X‑ray sources,
population for farmland and fuelwood, (1)‑‑‑‑ astronomers use a special kind of telescope
pressure from the timber industry, has resulted (2)‑‑‑‑ into orbit, because the earth’s atmosphere
(2)‑‑‑‑ a high 2.9 percent (1990–2000) annual absorbs X rays from space. X rays are (3)‑‑‑‑ short
rate of deforestation. In 2000, only 14.7 percent that lenses do not refract, or bend them (4)‑‑‑‑
of the country’s total land area was forested. they do ordinary light. However, X rays can be
(3)‑‑‑‑, much of the country’s wildlife habitat has reflected (5)‑‑‑‑ they make grazing contact with
been lost, and only 1.1 percent of the country’s a metal surface. An X‑ray telescope uses sets of
land is protected. Wildlife populations (4)‑‑‑‑, and nested, slightly tapering cylinders to focus X rays
some species are threatened with local extinction. onto a detector.
Overgrazing of livestock, slash‑and‑burn
Cloze Tests
agriculture, and soil erosion caused by

deforestation have also (5)‑‑‑‑ soil degradation.
1.
A) So as B) Because
C) So that D) For
96 1.
A) along with B) moreover E) In order to
C) resulted in D) thus
E) pertained to
2.
2. A) launched
MODADİL
A) from B) on B) to launch
C) with D) in C) to be launched
E) upon D) launching
E) having launched
3.
A) However B) On the contrary
C) Thus D) As a result of
3.
E) In contrast A) such a B) very
C) so D) quite
4. E) too
A) had declined
B) are declining
www.modadil.com
C) declined
4.
D) would be declining A) like B) as
E) were declined C) alike D) similar
E) so
5.
A) resulted from
B) emerged from
5.
C) led to A) even if
D) complied with B) supposing that
E) got for C) on condition
D) if
E) however
Test

Nirvana (Sanskrit, “extinguishing”), in Indian In polio, (1)‑‑‑‑ the virus enters the bloodstream,
religious philosophy, (1)‑‑‑‑ is a transcendent state the virus may cause one of four types of illnesses
free from suffering and individual phenomenal marked by varying severity. Some infections result
existence is an ultimate religious goal most in abortive poliomyelitis, (2)‑‑‑‑ is a mild form of
frequently identified (2)‑‑‑‑ Buddhism. The word is the disease characterized by fever, headache,
derived from a verb meaning “to become cool,” or sore throat, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. This
“to blow out,” as in the extinguishing of a candle. short‑lived form of the illness (3)‑‑‑‑ only from
The connotation is (3)‑‑‑‑ only in nirvana are hours to a few days. In more than 95 percent of
the flames of lust, hatred, greed, and ignorance cases, the disease gets no worse. Sometimes,
extinguished. With the attainment of nirvana, the (4)‑‑‑‑, the virus may invade the nervous system,
otherwise endless cycle of rebirths is broken. causing (5)‑‑‑‑ severe forms of the disease.
Cloze Tests
Its nature has been much debated in Western
scholarship, some scholars maintaining that it
involves total annihilation and (4)‑‑‑‑ interpreting it
as eternal bliss. (5)‑‑‑‑ views are problematic, for
nirvana is ultimately indescribable and can only be 1.
known directly. A) once B) while
C) before D) because of
97
E) so that
1.
A) that B) where
C) whose D) what
2.
E) which
MODADİL
A) that B) what
C) which D) where
E) whose
2.
A) from B) with
C) against D) for
3.
E) to
A) has lasted B) lasts
C) lasted D) would last
E) had lasted
3.
A) that B) what
C) whether D) how
4.
E) why
www.modadil.com
A) however
B) although
C) in contrast to
4.
D) unlike
A) the others B) others
E) even if
C) the other D) another
E) other
5.
A) mostly B) more
5.
C) such D) any
A) Either B) Every
E) much
C) None D) Both
E) All
Test

The origin of the game of polo is not definitely (1)‑‑‑‑ the other planets, Earth has a unique set of
known, but authorities (1)‑‑‑‑ believe that it was characteristics ideally suited to supporting life as
first played in Persia hundreds of years before we know it. It is (2)‑‑‑‑ too hot, like Mercury, the
the Christian era and subsequently spread to closest planet to the Sun, nor too cold, like distant
other Asian countries, (2)‑‑‑‑ Tibet, India, China, Mars and the even more distant outer planets—
and Japan. The game was particularly popular in Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and tiny Pluto.
India in the 16th century. Modern polo (3)‑‑‑‑ in the Earth’s atmosphere includes just the right amount
1850s by British army officers stationed in India. of gases that trap heat from the Sun, resulting
The game was (4)‑‑‑‑ into England in 1869 and in a moderate climate suitable for water (3)‑‑‑‑
into the United States about 1876. Today polo is in liquid form. The atmosphere also helps block
played throughout the world, including Argentina, radiation from the Sun that would be harmful to
Cloze Tests
the United States, Britain, Australia and New life. Earth’s atmosphere distinguishes it from the
Zealand, Mexico, India and Pakistan, and parts of planet Venus, which is otherwise much like Earth.
Africa. The Cup of the Americas, (5)‑‑‑‑ between Venus is about (4)‑‑‑‑ size and mass as Earth and
the United States and Argentina since 1928, ranks is also neither too near nor too far from the Sun.
as the best‑known international polo match. But because Venus has too much heat‑trapping
carbon dioxide in its atmosphere, its surface is
98 extremely hot—462°C (864°F)—hot (5)‑‑‑‑ to melt
lead and too hot for life to exist.
1.
A) normally B) generally
C) considerably D) considerately 1.
E) ordinarily A) As B) Unlike
MODADİL
C) While D) Like
2. E) In comparison
A) such B) the same
C) so as D) including 2.
E) as A) neither B) both
C) either D) each
3. E) no
A) had originated
B) was originating 3.
C) had ben originated A) existing
D) would originate B) to exist
E) was originated C) to have existed
www.modadil.com
D) being existed
4. E) exist
A) included B) introduced
C) encountered D) purified 4.
E) estimated A) as B) some
C) too D) likely
5. E) the same
A) to play
B) having played 5.
C) played A) plenty B) much
D) to be played C) enough D) some
E) playing E) great
Test

The Globe Theatre, (1)‑‑‑‑ dramatist William In the current decade, banks (1)‑‑‑‑ their services
Shakespeare saw his plays (2)‑‑‑‑ 400 years increasingly convenient through electronic
ago, has been rebuilt near its original location on banking. Electronic banking uses computers to
the south bank of the Thames River in London, carry out transfers of money. (2)‑‑‑‑, automated
England. The rebuilt theater opened in 1997 and teller machines (ATMs) enable bank customers
still (3)‑‑‑‑ performances of Shakespeare’s plays (3)‑‑‑‑ money from their checking or savings
(4)‑‑‑‑ the summer. Traditional materials were accounts by inserting an ATM card and a private
used in the rebuilding. A thatched roof covers the electronic code into an ATM. The ATMs enable
galleries where the audience sits, and the outer bank customers to access their money 24 hours
walls are made (5)‑‑‑‑ lime plaster. a day and seven days a week (4)‑‑‑‑ ATMs are
located, including in foreign countries. Banks
Cloze Tests
also offer debit cards that directly withdraw funds
from a customer’s account for the amount of a
purchase, (5)‑‑‑‑ like writing a check.
1.
A) which B) where
C) how D) when
1. 99
E) whose A) made B) have made
C) will make D) had made
E) were making
2.
A) performed
MODADİL
B) performing
2.
C) perform A) Like B) Similarly
D) to perform C) Such as D) The same
E) to be performing E) For instance
3. 3.
A) offers A) withdrawing
B) had offered B) for withdrawing
C) were offering C) to be withdrawing
D) will offer D) withdraw
www.modadil.com
E) have been offering E) to withdraw
4. 4.
A) while B) as long as A) whenever B) whomeever
C) when D) during C) wherever D) however
E) once E) whatever
5. 5.
A) into B) with A) much B) the same
C) of D) for C) too D) many
E) up to E) so
Test

Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770‑1827), German Scientists can use a device called a mass
composer, is considered one of the greatest spectrometer to measure atomic mass. A mass
musicians of all time. (1)‑‑‑‑ his career as an spectrometer removes one or more electrons
outstanding improviser at the piano and composer from an atom. The electrons are so (1)‑‑‑‑ that
of piano music, Beethoven went on (2)‑‑‑‑ string removing them (2)‑‑‑‑ changes the mass of the
quartets and other kinds of chamber music, songs, atom at all. The spectrometer then sends the
two masses, an opera, and nine symphonies. atom through a magnetic field, (3)‑‑‑‑ is a region
His Symphony No. 9 in D minor op. 125 (Choral, of space that exerts a force on magnetic or
completed 1824), perhaps the most famous work electrically charged particles. (4)‑‑‑‑ the missing
of classical music in existence, culminates (3)‑‑‑‑ electrons, the atom has more protons than
a choral finale based on the poem “Ode to Joy” electrons and hence a net positive charge. The
Cloze Tests
(4)‑‑‑‑ German writer Friedrich von Schiller. Like magnetic field bends the path of the positively
his opera Fidelio and (5)‑‑‑‑ other works, the Ninth charged atom as it moves through the field. The
Symphony depicts an initial struggle with adversity amount of bending depends on the atom’s mass.
and concludes with an uplifting vision of freedom Lighter atoms will be affected (5)‑‑‑‑ heavier
and social harmony. atoms. By measuring how much the atom’s path
curves, a scientist can determine the atom’s mass.
100
1.
A) Having begun B) Begun 1.
A) lightly B) light
C) To have begun D) Being begun
C) lighter D) the lightest
E) Having been begun
MODADİL
E) lighten
2.
A) being composed 2.
A) hardly B) always
B) composing
C) nearly D) sometimes
C) compose
E) neither
D) having composed
E) to be composed
3.
A) that B) where
3. C) which D) that
A) on B) from
E) whose
C) in D) at
E) over
www.modadil.com
4.
A) As a result B) Consequently
4. C) With a view to D) Since
A) from B) by
E) Because of
C) of D) with
E) to
5.
A) as strong as
5. B) such strongly
A) much B) every
C) more strongly than
C) a little D) each
D) too strong as
E) many
E) the same strong
Test

The Ottoman state and its society rested on many Folk music is a term (1)‑‑‑‑ widely in Europe, the
institutions. Many of these institutions were altered Americas, India, and some other Asian cultures
or corrupted over time, contributing in part (1)‑‑‑‑ to distinguish music of rural areas or peasant
the empire’s decline. The Ottomans’ ancestors, traditions (2)‑‑‑‑ art or ‘cultivated’ (urban) music.
11th‑century Turkish intruders from Central Asia, While precise definition is difficult, the principal
brought with them the belief that leadership was a characteristic is that it is transmitted orally, (3)‑‑‑‑,
divine right bestowed on a chosen family. Osman handed down through performance and with no
and his descendants ruled in an unbroken chain written tradition. As a consequence, variations are
down to the (2)‑‑‑‑ of the sultanate by Mustafa continually introduced, (4)‑‑‑‑ through imperfect
Kemal in 1922. Potential male heirs fought each learning or through the (5)‑‑‑‑ of material to the
other at the time of the death of the (3)‑‑‑‑ sultan, changing characteristics of the community, and
Cloze Tests
and to the victor went the sultanate. The practice it is this element of constant reshaping through
developed that the sultan would often kill most variation that distinguishes a thriving folk culture.
of his male relatives‑careful to leave at least one
alive as a future (4)‑‑‑‑ – in order to avoid a rivalry
within his own family that (5)‑‑‑‑‑ endanger his
reign.
1. 101
A) using B) used
C) having used D) to use
1. E) uses
A) in B) to
C) at D) on
MODADİL
E) by
2.
A) at B) in
2. C) out D) from
A) abduction B) abolition
E) on
C) ablution D) annihilation
E) affection
3.
3. A) however B) in that
A) reigns
C) that is D) which
B) having reigned
E) although
C) reign
D) reigned
www.modadil.com
E) reigning
4.
A) both B) neither
4. C) also D) either
A) successful B) success
E) hardly
C) succeed D) successor
E) succeeding
5.
5. A) adoption B) abduction
A) might B) should
C) admission D) agression
C) will D) can
E) adaptation
E) must
Test

The course of alcohol dependence is highly The “Karat” marking on jewelry tells you what
variable; individuals may progress from moderate proportion of gold is mixed with other metals.
drinking (1)‑‑‑‑ alcohol dependence in different (1)‑‑‑‑ 14 parts of gold are mixed with 10 parts of
ways and at different rates, (2)‑‑‑‑ the variety base metal, the combination is called 14 Karat
of cultural, biologic, familial, and psychological (14K) gold. The higher the Karat rating, (2)‑‑‑‑ the
factors that interact in each case. Individuals proportion of gold in the object. The lowest Karat
with a family history of alcoholism generally start gold that can be marketed in the United States
drinking earlier, (3)‑‑‑‑ faster, and develop more is 10 Karat. Jewelry does not have to be marked
severe drinking problems than people with no (3)‑‑‑‑ its Karat quality, but most of it is. If there is
family history of alcoholism. Men and Women a Karat quality mark, next to it must be the U.S.
drink differently (4)‑‑‑‑; women are more likely to registered trademark of the person or company
Cloze Tests
(5)‑‑‑‑ the onset of problem drinking to stressful that will (4)‑‑‑‑ behind the mark, (5)‑‑‑‑ required by
life situations. the National Gold and Silver Stamping Act.
102 1. 1.
A) in B) to A) Although B) Even if
C) on D) into C) As if D) If
E) with E) Despite
MODADİL
2. 2.
A) because B) for A) higher
C) owing D) as B) highly
E) due to C) the higher
D) highest
E) the high
3.
A) progress B) enhance
C) diminish D) process
3.
E) decline A) about B) in
C) out D) against
E) with
www.modadil.com
4.
A) either B) neither
C) as well D) in that
4.
E) for instance A) stand B) get
C) take D) come
E) go
5.
A) participate B) consist
C) collide D) comply
5.
E) attribute A) such B) as if
C) for D) as
E) like
Test

From the dawn of civilization, the gaze of From the beginning of beekeeping in the 1600s
humanity (1)‑‑‑‑ to the stars. The stars have until the early 1800s, honey (1)‑‑‑‑ largely an
been relied (2)‑‑‑‑ to direct travelers, to make article of local trade. Many farmers and villagers
agricultural predictions, to win wars, and to kept a few colonies of bees in box hives to (2)‑‑‑‑
awaken love in the hearts of men and women. their own needs and those of some friends,
Ancient stargazers pondering the nighttime sky relatives, and neighbors. Moses Quimby of New
saw definite star patterns (3)‑‑‑‑. The names for York State was the first commercial beekeeper
many of these star patterns retain the names in the United States, (3)‑‑‑‑ his sole means of
given to them by the Greeks which were most livelihood was producing and selling honey. (4)‑‑‑‑
often (4)‑‑‑‑ from mythology. The Greeks only beekeepers in Quimby’s neighborhood used
knew 48 star patterns. Today’s astronomers have his methods and began to produce honey on a
Cloze Tests
charted 88 of these patterns, or constellations, commercial scale. As the use of improved hives
(5)‑‑‑‑ may be viewed from different parts of the and new honey‑gathering methods became more
world at different times of the year. widespread, commercial beekeeping spread
(5)‑‑‑‑ other states.
103
1.
A) was drawn 1.
A) has been B) was
B) had drawn
C) had been D) would be
C) has been drawn
E) is
D) has drawn
MODADİL
E) had been drawn

2.
2. A) support B) back up
A) in B) out C) search D) supply
C) within D) at E) surge
E) upon
3. 3.
A) emerge A) like B) such
B) emerged C) as D) that
C) have emerged E) or
D) being emerged
www.modadil.com
E) had emerged
4.
A) The other
4. B) No other
A) concluded B) derived
C) Others
C) contributed D) included
D) The others
E) defined
E) Another
5.
A) that B) why
C) when D) which 5.
A) out of B) within
E) for which
C) at D) to
E) from
Test

The heart has long been considered to be (1)‑‑‑‑ John Steinbeck grew up in California and attended
feelings of love dwell. In love songs throughout Stanford University, (1)‑‑‑‑ he studied marine biology.
the ages, love almost always goes together with Before rising to fame in the 1930’s with his novels
the heart. The heart has continually been viewed about the difficulties of farm workers (2)‑‑‑‑ the
(2)‑‑‑‑ the place where love begins and grows. Depression, he worked at various jobs. His point
(3)‑‑‑‑ the Bible gives numerous references to love of view was realistic but sympathetic (3)‑‑‑‑ his
and the heart. The role of the heart in love must poverty‑stricken characters. Perhaps best known
come from what happens to it when a person is The Grapes of Wrath. His later writing (4)‑‑‑‑ The
feels strongly (4)‑‑‑‑ to someone else. The strong Moon Is Down, an anti‑Nazi novel, Cannery Row, a
feelings for other person, especially in the early novel about some lovable idlers and a biologist, (5)‑‑‑‑
stages of a relationship, have the results that the listened to their tales, and The Sea of Cortez, the
Cloze Tests
heart starts beating faster and breathing starts account of an expedition to the Gulf of California.
speeding up. According to psychologists, a love
relationship is a situation that involves a lot of
stress and the body reacts to this (5)‑‑‑‑ getting
ready to face the unknown.
1.
104 A) there B) where
C) which D) in that
1. E) on which
A) there B) that
C) where D) which
E) how
MODADİL
2.
A) while B) on
C) about D) during
2. E) for
A) such B) as if
C) like D) such as
E) as
3.
A) at B) for
C) of D) with
3. E) toward
A) Even B) If
C) When D) Although
E) Even if
www.modadil.com
4.
A) included B) inferred
C) concluded D) inserted
4. E) completed
A) attached B) attributed
C) adapted D) attracted
E) adored
5.
A) that B) which
C) to whom D) who
5. E) to which
A) by the time B) by
C) whereby D) like
E) thereby
Test

The term “verbal dyspraxia” (1)‑‑‑‑ by some In 1920, after some thirty‑nine years of problems
scientists and clinicians to describe the inability with disease, high costs, and politics, the Panama
to produce the sequential, rapid, and precise Canal (1)‑‑‑‑, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific
movements required for speech. Nothing is wrong Oceans by allowing ships to pass (2)‑‑‑‑ the
(2)‑‑‑‑ the child’s vocal apparatus, but the child’s fifty‑mile canal zone instead of traveling some
brain cannot give correct instructions for the motor seven thousand miles around Cape Horn. It (3)‑‑‑‑
movements involved in speech. This disorder is a ship approximately eight hours to complete the
characterized by many sound omissions. (3)‑‑‑‑ trip through the canal and costs an average of
verbally dyspraxic children, (4)‑‑‑‑, speak only in fifteen thousand dollars, one tenth of what it would
vowels, making their speech nearly unintelligible. cost an average ship to round the Horn. More than
One little boy (5)‑‑‑‑ to say “My name is Billy” can fifteen thousand ships pass through its locks each
Cloze Tests
only manage “eye a eh ee‑ee.” These children year. The French initiated the project but sold
also have very slow, halting speech with many their rights to the United States, (4)‑‑‑‑ actually
false starts before the right sounds are produced. began the construction of the project. The latter
Their speech errors may be similar to those will control it until the end of the twentieth century
children with phonological impairment. when Panama (5)‑‑‑‑ its duties.
105
1. 1.
A) was used A) would open
B) is used B) had been opened
C) used C) has been opened
MODADİL
D) will have been used D) had opened

E) had been used E) was opened
2. 2.
A) upon B) against A) on B) within
C) from D) at C) through D) from
E) with E) at
3. 3.
A) Little A) gets B) lets
B) A great amount of C) lasts D) takes
C) Some E) makes
www.modadil.com
D) A lot
E) A little 4.
A) which B) that
C) why D) how
4.
A) though B) however E) who
C) nevertheless D) for instance
E) also 5.
A) gets over
B) takes over
5.
A) who tried B) tried C) puts over
C) who trying D) trying D) comes over
E) having tried E) calls in
Test

Twenty‑three years after the discovery of the When drawing human figures, children often
Rosetta stone, Jean François Champollion, make the head (1)‑‑‑‑ large for the rest of the
(1)‑‑‑‑ a French philologist fluent (2)‑‑‑‑ several body. A recent study offers some insights into this
languages, was able to decipher the first word common disproportion in children’s illustrations.
– Ptolemy ‑ the name of an Egyptian ruler. This As part of the study, researchers asked children
name (3)‑‑‑‑ inside an oval called a “cartouche.” (2)‑‑‑‑ 4 and 7 years old to make several drawings
Further investigation revealed (4)‑‑‑‑ cartouches of men. When they drew front views of male
contained names of important people of that figures, the size of the heads was markedly
period. Champollion painstakingly continued his enlarged. (3)‑‑‑‑, when the children drew rear
search and was able to increase his growing list views of men, the size of the heads (4)‑‑‑‑. The
of known phonetic signs. He and an Englishman, researchers suggest that children draw bigger
Cloze Tests
Thomas Young, worked independently of each heads when they know they must leave room
other to unravel the deeply hidden mysteries of for facial details. (5)‑‑‑‑, the odd head size in
this strange language. Young believed that sound children’s illustrations is a form of planning ahead
values could be assigned to the symbols, (5)‑‑‑‑ and not an indication of a poor sense of scale.
Champollion insisted that the pictures represented
words.
106
1.
A) such B) so
1.
A) whom B) that is C) as D) too
C) who was D) who is E) very

MODADİL
E) which is
2.
A) from B) between
2.
A) about B) at C) both D) either
C) on D) with E) among
E) in
3.
A) Although B) Furthermore
3.
A) wrote C) However D) Even if
B) written E) Despite
C) has been written

D) was written 4.
A) were not exaggerated
www.modadil.com
E) had written
B) did not exaggerate
C) had not been exaggerated
4.
A) that B) what D) was not exaggerated
C) how D) why E) had not exaggerate
E) which
5.
A) Therefore
5.
A) while B) in spite of B) Initially
C) also D) moreover C) Nevertheless
E) additionally D) However
E) Thereby
Test

The reason you like Madonna (1)‑‑‑‑ somebody Kansas, today, (1)‑‑‑‑ the “Bread Basket of
else prefers Metallica is because we learn to like America” (2)‑‑‑‑ it ranks first in wheat growing
different kinds of music. That’s the conclusion and flour milling. In addition, there are hundreds
of experimental psychologist Gustav Kuhn of of cattle ranches in western Kansas, (3)‑‑‑‑ cover
the University of Sussex, (2)‑‑‑‑ believes we 50,000 acres. As a state, Kansas is larger than
unconsciously learn the rules for the way music most other states, but sparsely populated. In the
is put through. “Music follows a specific set of days of pioneers, many settlers passed through
rules. (3)‑‑‑‑ the West we tend to listen to tonal Kansas, seeking rich land and gold father west.
music that uses major and minor keys, (4)‑‑‑‑ the They refused to settle in Kansas, considering it
half‑tones of Eastern music sound quite strange,” a useless waste of land. (4)‑‑‑‑, when Kansas
he explains. His experiment involved playing no obtained the statehood in 1861, it opposed to
Cloze Tests
less than 120 tunes, all of which followed a rule slave labor. After some time the population began
governing the interval between notes, to 600 to increase and finally the railroads helped to
volunteers. Listeners (5)‑‑‑‑ a second set of tunes (5)‑‑‑‑ settlers by selling them cheap land.
but only some of these followed the same rule.
107
1.
1. A) called
A) however B) because
B) has called
C) while D) if
C) had been called
E) as though
D) is called
MODADİL
E) that is called
2.
A) that B) for whom
C) to whom D) which 2.
A) since B) if
E) who
C) as though D) even though
E) even if
3.
A) At B) On
C) From D) In 3.
A) any of whom
E) Out of
B) in that
C) many of whose
4.
A) whereas B) so D) with which
www.modadil.com
C) despite D) for E) some of which
E) even if
4.
A) Because B) Though
5.
A) played C) However D) Therefore
B) were played E) In addition
C) had been played

D) have played 5.
A) attract B) avoid
E) have been played
C) affect D) attack
E) accept
Test

(1)‑‑‑‑ critical time in the life of a human is the first For about $20 it is possible to find a cheap, (1)‑‑‑‑
few hours after birth. Doctors have learned that a hotel room in most countries. In some you may
new‑born infant cannot be treated (2)‑‑‑‑ a small even pay less. A boarding house is a better idea if
child. This is especially true of “high‑risk babies” ‑ one travels on a tight budget. These are generally
babies who are born (3)‑‑‑‑ or underweight or with great (2)‑‑‑‑ number near bus and railway stations.
some life‑threatening defect. These babies need There are often seasonal variations in hotel prices.
immediate, imaginative, intensive care, (4)‑‑‑‑ for Do keep in mind that cheap hotels do not always
survival but to help avoid physical problems later (3)‑‑‑‑ soap, towels, and toilet paper, so it is wise
in life. This specialized care is called neonatology, to have these with you. Do not forget to have your
and it is concerned (5)‑‑‑‑ the first months of life. booking (4)‑‑‑‑ and by registered mail. If you do not
receive a reply, there is no need to worry. (5)‑‑‑‑
Cloze Tests
your arrival, the car rental agency people can

always recommend you one that fits your pocket.
1.
A) Most B) The more
C) The most D) More
108 1.
E) More than A) adaptable B) assignable
C) adoptable D) acceptable
E) accordable
2.
A) as B) such
MODADİL
C) for D) like 2.
E) as so A) at B) on
C) for D) with
E) in
3.
A) maturely
B) prematurely 3.
C) predominantly A) profit B) prove
D) mature C) protect D) progress
E) immature E) provide
www.modadil.com
4. 4.
A) not only B) both A) in advance
C) either D) neither B) on time
E) hardly C) at issue
D) in accord
E) on purpose
5.
A) at B) in
C) with D) on 5.
E) about A) At B) On
C) In D) For
E) With
Test

Rubber is one of (1)‑‑‑‑ important materials used In 1921, Albert Einstein (1)‑‑‑‑ the Nobel Prize for
in industry today. It is made (2)‑‑‑‑ a milky fluid a theory in physics that only a few people in the
called latex. This fluid is found in many plants, but world (2)‑‑‑‑ understand. Yet his name, his flying
almost all the latex used for making rubber comes hair, his love for music, his disregard for the formal
from the Hevea rubber tree, (3)‑‑‑‑ produces what ways of doing things, were known to ordinary
is called Para rubber. This tree (4)‑‑‑‑ grew only people everywhere. (3)‑‑‑‑ they understood his
in Brazil but now grows in tropical areas all over theory or not, they realized that this man had
the world. The rubber tree begins to produce changed the world’s idea of the universe. Einstein
latex when it is between five and ten years old. was born in Ulm, Germany, in 1879. (4)‑‑‑‑ his
The latex (5)‑‑‑‑ partly in the leaves and roots, but boyhood he lived in Munich, (5)‑‑‑‑ his father had
more of it is on the inside of the bark that covers a small electrical supplies factory.
Cloze Tests
the hard core.
1.
1. A) had received
A) the more B) most
B) has received
109
C) the most D) more
C) had been received
E) the much
D) received
E) was received
2.
A) in B) for
MODADİL
C) on D) from
E) at 2.
A) would B) can
C) could D) should
3.
A) that E) had to
B) for which
C) for that
D) to which 3.
A) Either B) Whether
E) which
C) Neither D) Both
E) No sooner
4.
A) before B) once
www.modadil.com
C) prior to D) then
E) when 4.
A) When B) While
C) During D) As soon as
5.
A) was found E) Since
B) found
C) has found
D) is found 5.
A) which B) there
E) has been found
C) that D) in that
E) where
Test

One thing we all agree on is (1)‑‑‑‑ our reliance on Haemorrhage is an escape of blood from the
road transport will have to change. Astronomical vessels (1)‑‑‑‑ it normally circulates. The quantity
increases in the number of privately‑owned lost may be microscopic, or may amount to quite
vehicles (2)‑‑‑‑ mounting pollution problems a large quantity; large haemorrhages usually arise
and supersaturation of our roads. In the future, (2)‑‑‑‑ a large artery or vein, (3)‑‑‑‑ bleeding from a
“recreational” driving on the country’s highways capillary may be shown only by a minute red spot
will be regarded (3)‑‑‑‑ politically incorrect and in the skin. Many haermorrhages are trivial and
will be discouraged by the increasing use of tolls. require no common specific treatment. Examples
There will be a swing (4)‑‑‑‑ small, non‑pollutive of these are such common domestic accidents as
electric cars, the improved speed and range of cut fingers and nose bleeds. Others form some of
which will be the subject of (5)‑‑‑‑ research. the major emergencies of medicine. The principles
Cloze Tests
of (4)‑‑‑‑ are to arrest haemorrhage, to combat

shock by (5)‑‑‑‑ normal blood volume, and to keep
the patient quiet, comfortable and confident.
1. 1.
110 A) what B) how A) on which
C) why D) that B) to whom
E) when C) for whose
D) through which
E) of whom
MODADİL
2.
A) have caused 2.
B) caused A) against B) from
C) had caused C) forward D) after
D) have been caused E) between
E) were caused
3.
A) in spite of B) since
C) while D) provided that
3.
A) like B) such as E) despite
C) as if D) as
E) so as 4.
www.modadil.com
A) experiment B) instruction
C) examination D) corruption
E) treatment
4.
A) upon B) towards
C) about D) at 5.
A) being restored
E) in
B) restored
C) restoring
D) having been restored
5.
A) exhaustive B) expelling E) having restored
C) exquisite D) expedient
E) exclusively
Test
SENTENCE COMPLETION 1
4. The personnel officer is looking for someone
1. - 25. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun ‑‑‑‑.
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) that they are willing to do a great deal of
1. ‑‑‑‑ that the major cancer killer, lung cancer, is travelling
strongly influenced by diet. B) who has a real talent for organization
A) The latest statistical evidence C) until he finds someone who really is suitable
B) However obvious it may seem D) since at present several positions are
C) There is much evidence to suggest available
D) As smokers love to point out E) whether they have the right qualifications
E) The consumption of fruit and vegetables

ensures
111
2. Some comets have such long orbits ‑‑‑‑. 5. This is actually a camera ‑‑‑‑.
A) while some asteroids may be burnt‑up comets A) though it is roughly the same size as a credit
card
MODADİL
B) in case they come from a region outside the

Solar System B) if only I could afford to buy it
C) since they are often visible from the Earth C) that unfortunately it doesn’t have a zoom
D) that they pass near the Earth only once every D) since the shape was hardly recognizable
million years
E) as we have been wondering about which one
E) just as their dust tails stretch up to 10 million to buy
kilometres across the sky
www.modadil.com
6. By the time Turner was thirteen, ‑‑‑‑.

3. Water softeners are particularly useful, ‑‑‑‑.
A) his father, to whom he was deeply attached,
A) if you live in a hard‑water area was a barber in London
B) that they remove chemicals and improve the B) his mother was a woman of violent temper
taste who eventually went mad
C) why London water is so hard C) it was already agreed that he should become
D) since the water contained a greater an artist
concentration of calcium D) he was never an artist who relied on his
E) though electrical appliances require soft water genius
E) he has been called “the father of
impressionism”
Test
1 7. When the four‑thousand‑year‑old tomb was 10. As the salaries are related to achievements,
finally opened, ‑‑‑‑. ‑‑‑‑.
A) the archaeologists had looked down into it in A) few people were interested in working here
disbelief
B) research at this institute is highly competitive
B) there seems to be nothing in it of any interest
at all C) all the applicants would have been confident
and ambitious
C) they have all looked at each other in
amazement D) no one will have foreseen such a problem
D) the most exciting find was a set of surgical E) standards continued to be impressively high
instruments
E) it would be a moment of unbearable suspense
Sentence Completion
112
8. ‑‑‑‑ which was characterized by supreme 11. The fire was already spreading to the next
self‑confidence and great achievement. building ‑‑‑‑.
A) The bombing of Dresden was widely criticized A) since the wind may blow even more strongly
B) Henry VIII was a typical Renaissance figure B) that no one knew why it had started
C) The Great Pyramids were built in an age C) unless the firemen can come at once
MODADİL
D) The moon‑landing gave rise to strange, new D) as the first fire engine arrived
emotions
E) though everyone had managed to get out
E) This climbing expedition in the Taurus safely
mountains was a complete failure
9. ‑‑‑‑ because she has the ability to make her

www.modadil.com
audience find wildlife as fascinating as she 12. All opposition to the project vanished ‑‑‑‑.
does herself. A) as soon as everyone realized how much
A) Such a development for the conservation of money they could earn through it
wildlife had not been expected B) after financial support has finally been
B) The television offers a wide variety of career promised
opportunities for people interested in wildlife C) which has attracted so much attention
C) The children didn’t know what to expect D) if it seemed likely that it wouldn’t take up too
D) No one else could have presented the much time
programme E) as more and more people are starting to work
E) A young television presenter of wildlife is on it in their free time
rapidly becoming famous
Test
13. You can only write a good summary of a 16. If we had run to catch the bus, ‑‑‑‑. 1
passage ‑‑‑‑.
A) the others have warned us about the heavy
A) if you ever need to go back to review it traffic
B) why you have read it carefully B) we could get to the library before it closed
C) when you have fully understood it C) I dropped my glasses on the pavement
D) that it uses words from the essay D) we may have attended the lecture
E) whether the summary is objective E) it wouldn’t have been necessary to take a taxi
Sentence Completion
14. ‑‑‑‑ when we saw five masked men running out 17. As there is a complete standardization of every 113
of the bank. product in this fast‑food restaurant chain, ‑‑‑‑.
A) We didn’t recognize them at all A) the first restaurant to be opened in Britain was
in 1974
B) We immediately informed the police
B) they were already doing business in 52
C) We’re not sure if it is them countries in the world
D) The situation is certainly unusual
MODADİL
C) the company was by then opening a new

E) The alarm system needs to be repaired restaurant at the rate of one per day
D) every French fry and every burger tastes
exactly the same as every other
E) yet another one was opened in Moscow in
1990
15. ‑‑‑‑ that experiment and reason became the

www.modadil.com
18. ‑‑‑‑, who really established and developed the

basis of scientific knowledge. thriller style in films.
A) It was referred to Galileo A) The cartoon is another popular type of film,
B) Galileo attacked the much admired teachings especially among children
of Aristotle B) Strong film industries began to emerge in
C) In Galileo’s time a great many people were other countries
involved C) Contemporary issues such as violence and
D) It is largely due to Galileo and his discoveries poverty will attract the attention of many film
directors
E) A number of theories concerning the universe
were proved wrong by Galileo D) Star Wars is perhaps his best film
E) It was the film director Alfred Hitchcock
Test
1 19. As the daily temperature change on the planet 23. Surely that’s the boy ‑‑‑‑.
Mercury is extreme, ‑‑‑‑.
A) that his sister won the painting competition
A) its rocky surface cracks, producing cliffs and
canyons B) who sang so beautifully at the concert last
night
B) there hasn’t been sufficient atmosphere to
hold the heat C) unless he sent us the heavy box
C) the explorations carried out so far would have D) whether his bicycle has been repaired
been very costly E) which everyone is talking about
D) the craters in its surface were formed by rocks
from outer space
E) there was no evidence to suggest that this
was due to volcanic activity
Sentence Completion
20. The manager promised to promote her ‑‑‑‑. 24. He simply wanted to know ‑‑‑‑.
A) if she has proved far more efficient than any A) whether I had been to see Jane
114 of the other employees B) how far away we are moving
B) that she has really deserved it C) which team has won
C) as she had been working for the company for D) as if all the buses went past the town hall
so many years
E) though everyone else had already eaten
D) unless there was a good reason for doing so
E) until the company’s annual budget is
MODADİL
approved
21. I asked my little three‑year‑old niece ‑‑‑‑. 25. ‑‑‑‑, there is enough food and water for
everyone.
A) whether her mother has gone out
A) If they had used their resources properly
B) who she was going to invite to her party
B) Though nature would have been spoiled
C) that she liked going to the zoo
C) Unless we take care of our green fields
D) why she has made her little brother cry
D) If we learned to respect the environment
E) what her mother is making for dinner
E) Provided that they are used well
www.modadil.com
22. It’s a good idea to walk everywhere ‑‑‑‑.

A) however far it must have seemed
B) even though you were so tired
C) whenever they went to the museum
D) if you want to learn your way around the town
E) since their house was on the outskirts of the
town
Test
4. ‑‑‑‑ how acid rain would affect trees.
1. - 25. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. A) The decreases in sulphur deposition has been
so marked
1. ‑‑‑‑ what everyone assumed to be true. B) The death of forests became a chief concern
A) The truly outstanding success of the principle in the 1980s and led to dire predictions
of natural selection had been C) There were many erroneous ideas about
B) Many biological ideas proposed during the D) In the 1980s and 1990s, there were concerns
past 150 years stood in stark conflict with in the West
C) The theory of evolution by natural selection is E) Some geologists have argued
thought to explain
D) Another aspect of the new philosophy of
biology concerns
E) The scientific foundation created by Darwin
has been
115
5. Just as railway bridges were the great

2. As space shuttles are designed to work in a structural symbols of the 19th century, ‑‑‑‑.
vacuum, ‑‑‑‑. A) highway bridges became the engineering
A) NASA engineers are hoping to cut take off emblems of the 20th century
MODADİL
weights by hall B) the invention of the automobile created an

B) about 85 percent of its weight is fuel irresistible demand for better roads
C) they have to carry not only fuel but also the C) most highway bridges carry lighter loads than
oxygen to burn it railway bridges do
D) the method is obviously inefficient but better D) the type of bridge needed for cars and truck is
ones have yet to be found fundamentally different from that needed for
trains
E) such craft could accelerate to about ten times
the speed of sound E) an arch bridge curves upwards to support the
roadway
www.modadil.com
3. ‑‑‑‑ that is open to the amateur as well as the

professional. 6. Atomic clocks keep time by tracking the waves
which atoms emit ‑‑‑‑.
A) Today we know a lot about meteor showers
and planetary weather A) as they oscillate between different energy
levels
B) Astronomy is one of the few sciences
B) though there are other viable ways to improve
C) The mapping of solar, lunar and planetary it
surfaces has been accurately carried out
C) because they lose only 1 second in 150
D) Thanks to advances in modern astronomy, million years
more discoveries have been made about
asteroids, comets, novae and supernovae D) before they can replace the clocks which are
currently in use
E) Through the use of computers and electronic
imaging devices, our knowledge of the E) while researchers have been working on an
celestial constellations has grown rapidly alternative
Test
2 7. ‑‑‑‑, it might be able to perform far more 10. After take‑off, the pilot of an aircraft is often
complex tasks than today’s machines. given a course to steer ‑‑‑‑.
A) As the device is still in the early stages of A) until a specific reporting point or height is
development reached
B) Although no such computer as yet exists B) though the air traffic control officer will still be
using field glasses
C) Once the theory has been adequately tested
C) whether the weather conditions were suitable
D) Unless there is fresh evidence to the country or not
E) If such a computer could be made D) since he will be watched by direct visual
means from the control tower unless there is
fog
E) so long as the landing gear retracts correctly
Sentence Completion
116 11. Why didn’t you remind him ‑‑‑‑?

8. There are seasons of plentiful water and
others of scarcity ‑‑‑‑. A) not to have overlooked the possibility of a
breakdown in the electric circuit
A) when water has to be used sparingly
B) having stabilized the pressure to a reasonable
B) though irrigation schemes were introduced extent
C) since these outlets are designed to deliver C) to check the temperature of the solution at
MODADİL
supplies of water automatically regular intervals

D) where traditional methods of irrigation still D) the printer will be checked for compatibility
remain in use with the microcomputer
E) so flow irrigation is best suited to a flat E) to have got rid of all the outdated equipment
countryside
www.modadil.com
12. ‑‑‑‑ as it contains salt.

9. More attention is being given to improved
efficiency in the use of fuel ‑‑‑‑. A) The sea freezes at temperatures below the
normal freezing point of water
A) because they cause environmental pollution
B) She tries to avoid such types of food
B) if prices continue to rise at this rate
C) In polar regions glaciers frequently flow down
C) as the cost of fuel increases into the sea
D) whether cleaner methods are forthcoming D) The warmer the air the more moisture it can
E) which should have been discovered earlier carry
E) Snowflakes, like other forms of water vapour,
nearly always possess a crystal structure
Test
13. The collapse of a British company developing 16. For a small planet, the Earth is extremely 2
genetically engineered vaccines in plants has heavy ‑‑‑‑.
raised fears ‑‑‑‑.
A) whether the liquid iron creates a powerful
A) why the public has shown so much hostility to magnetic field
genetically modified plants
B) that two‑thirds of it are covered with ocean
B) that medical biotechnology may also be
adversely affected C) that the atmosphere screens the sun’s
radiation
C) if industry analysists had been intimidated by
rival companies D) if the atmosphere were not rich in oxygen
D) unless all such plants are grown in glass E) since its iron core is very large
houses and not in open fields
E) even though it failed to raise adequate
Sentence Completion
funds to finance the next stage of its vaccine
development programme
117
14. ‑‑‑‑, because there was a shortage of coal for 17. The old system of flood irrigation has fallen
smelting. into disrepute ‑‑‑‑.
A) In Japan, steel expansion has been A) unless short canals could have enabled the
subsidized for several years compartments to be filled in an orderly fashion
B) though the flood waters had been controlled
MODADİL
B) Italy has only very limited supplies of iron ore

to cover so much land
C) In Sweden, steel‑making on a large scale
developed late C) as the height of the flood was variable so was
the area flooded
D) French reserves are among the best in
Europe as regards quantity D) after several weeks the water would be
drained back into the river
E) Stimulated by the rapid growth of the railways,
the iron and steel industry expanded rapidly E) because it only produces one crop a year
in Russia.
www.modadil.com
18. ‑‑‑‑ when heat resistant materials are required.

15. Insect‑eating plants have devices ‑‑‑‑. A) Engineers often use ceramics
A) from which stickiness an insect can never B) There are two main types of metal; ferrous
make its escape and non‑ferrous
B) if their prey is to be enticed into the trap C) With the addition of chromium, the steel’s
C) of which the pitcher plant that produces ability to resist corrosion was increased
pepsin is an example D) Both bronze and brass have been used
D) which enable them to catch insects and digest ornamentally
them with the aid of enzymes E) Cutting tools are made from high‑speed steels
E) so that they are able to live in most parts of
the world but chiefly in warm regions
Test
2 19. Helium, the lightest of the inert gases, was 23. ‑‑‑‑ even though it was obviously very limited
discovered in 1868 ‑‑‑‑. in scope.
A) until its importance was recognized in A) The experiment he has recently been
scientific research at low temperatures engaged in has produced some interesting
results
B) as liquid helium has many remarkable
qualities which are only imperfectly B) His paper aroused considerable interest
understood
C) The research project will be assigned to a
C) when spectrographic investigations disclosed team of specialists
an unknown yellow line in the chromosphere
of the sun D) The hypothesis will finally be put to the test
D) before studies into atomic structure would be E) His intention will, in all likelihood, be
realized misunderstood
Sentence Completion
E) though two of its stable isotopes exist as

liquids right down to the absolute zero
20. ‑‑‑‑, the Earth’s crust is actually in a state of 24. While the Captain was working on that film
continual flux. about underwater life, ‑‑‑‑.
118 A) If only they had been better prepared A) a whole new fascinating world has opened up
B) Whenever there are sudden changes in for him
temperature B) his team of divers are taken ill
C) However unreliable the method has proved C) he accidentally discovered the wreck of an old
D) When such an event is least expected ship
D) he had been attracted by sharks
MODADİL
E) Though it may not appear to be so

E) his boat will be in danger of drifting ashore
21. X‑rays are generated ‑‑‑‑.

A) if the sun is a copious source of energy
B) when electrical charges are accelerated or
decelerated 25. ‑‑‑‑ which expands when heated.
C) after the target had been bombarded by A) A thermometer contains mercury
electrons
B) This is a characteristic of all metals
D) until the circuit gave off practically pure direct
current C) The atmosphere contains various gases
E) because the radiation was being emitted at a D) Parts of the sea floor remain unexpected
www.modadil.com
tangent E) The hole in the ozone layer is becoming more

and more dangerous
22. A chief defect of wire ropes is fatigue ‑‑‑‑.

A) that stress is set up by these vibrations
B) as if there has been a gradual development of
transverse cracks
C) although the elastic limit of wire ropes
declined with use
D) which is induced by the vibrations set up in
hosting or lowering loads
E) if the maximum load had been exceeded
Test
4. Queen Elizabeth was glad to participate in the
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun court dance ‑‑‑‑.
A) since nobody has dared to criticize her
1. Grain dominates the world food economy ‑‑‑‑. B) if her health would have permitted her to
A) since it accounts for half of the human calorie C) even when she was an old lady
intake
D) whenever there may have been an audience
B) which in turn has caused a greater interest in to applaud her
nutrition
E) that she liked to be the center of attention
C) which might have resulted in the emergence
of a trade deficit
D) that resulted in a moderate decline in
exchange rates
E) until the steep rise in the purchasing power of
oil put an end to it
119
5. Once the new system had gone into effect ‑‑‑‑.

A) everyone had thought the drawbacks from the
start
MODADİL
2. ‑‑‑‑, I had to notify not only the police but also B) the organizers won’t face innumerable
the health authorities. problems
A) Late as it is C) few of us were prepared for such devastating
B) However reluctant I could be results
C) Whoever sends in the complaint D) those who opposed are advised to stay silent
D) As it turned out E) people realized that their anxieties about it
had been groundless
E) Until this finally becomes law
www.modadil.com
6. Even though global environmental trends over

3. Naturally he was amazed to learn ‑‑‑‑. the past few decades have generally not been
A) whichever businesses were able to to favorable, ‑‑‑‑.
increase their profits towards the end of year A) the built up greenhouse gases in the
B) how anyone can survive even two days in the atmosphere would have been reduced
North sea B) some positive developments are nevertheless
C) that she had set her heart on going back to beginning to emerge
Johannesburg C) they have inadvertently assumed
D) where I have hidden the key to the garage responsibility for it
E) until the whole debt has been paid back to the D) future generations would not have been
very last penny deprived of the opportunity support
themselves
E) deforestation proved to be the lesser of the
two evils
Test
3 7. Unless strict measures are put into force to 10. ‑‑‑‑, Huddersfield was one of the few textile
control noise, ‑‑‑‑. towns that continued to grow in the twentieth
century.
A) the migration to rural areas seems likely to
continue unabated A) Provided that the government lifted the
sanctions
B) the complains were not attended to at all
B) Since its trade was both flexible and varied
C) every teenager seemed to be enamored of
extremely loud music C) However unpopular the scheme had seemed
to many
D) this would have been regarded as a serious
breach of regulations D) As soon as the industrial revolution got under
way
E) a rural existence would naturally have been
predictable E) Just as many industrial areas were competing
with each other
Sentence Completion
120 11. Smallpox inoculation became popular ‑‑‑‑.

8. ‑‑‑‑ that he genuinely regretted the role he had
played in. A) that eventually this disease would have been
completely wiped out
A) I may be quite wrong
B) although the success rate, according to recent
B) It wouldn’t surprise me at all realistic, is still rather doubtful
C) The manner in which he begged us to C) even if it had not been a fatal disease that
MODADİL
overlook the incident showed brought death to all levels of society

D) Surely it’s worth investigating the manner D) however unlikely one is to come in contact
further with the disease
E) It had been quite clear E) only after Jenner’s discovery that the less
dangerous cowpox material was an effective
immunizing agent
9. Many people take it for granted ‑‑‑‑.

www.modadil.com
12. The helicopter has the ability to climb

A) whether they realized just how serious the vertically, ‑‑‑‑.
drug problem had become
A) though the winds were blowing at gale force
B) that the new interest policy contributed to the
greater degree of stability in prices at this B) if it can take off in a very restricted space
period C) which, in certain circumstances, is its main
C) why no survivors whatsoever were found advantage over other types of aircraft
D) how all receipts and papers concerning the D) whenever the pilot felt himself obliged to
transaction mysteriously vanished make a forced landing
E) why the other passengers had absolutely no E) if the cost of its uptake hadn’t been a heavy
comment to make at all about the accident burden on the budget
Test
13. ‑‑‑‑ if any one party decides to ignore the 16. Before the National Health Service Act came 3
obligations it has undertaken in the treaty. into force in 1946 in England, ‑‑‑‑.
A) Obviously, very serious problems will arise A) the funding of hospitals was a major issue in
home politics
B) They may have rejected the offer
B) these people can’t afford medical advice
C) They were obviously determined to be
present at the opening of the talks C) there have been angry debates about the
necessity for it
D) The last speaker was quite adamant on the
need to resume fighting D) everyone realized that these were all,
fundamentally, political issues
E) The observers may have been very
disappointed E) many doctors would feel that the transition
had been extremely painful
Sentence Completion
14. ‑‑‑‑ who played a unique role in the revival of
17. ‑‑‑‑ you get magnificent views of the
oak‑covered slopes of these coastal mountain
121
the ideals of classical antiquity. ranges that rise up from the Pacific.
A) There is still a lively arguement going on A) If only the new road had been opened
among scholars
B) As they headed for San Francisco
B) Dr. Davies lectured on the Renaissance
C) However unfairly the state of the roads was
C) He then went on to explain why such being attacked
MODADİL
Renaissance figures
D) Though a great deal of money went into
D) Leonardo da Vinci also lived in the constructing the road
Renaissance
E) As you drive along the coast road
E) Petrarch is rightly regarded as a humanist
18. Dramatic cultural changes have been taking

15. ‑‑‑‑, although many countries are stepping up place in the United States ‑‑‑‑.
www.modadil.com
their own production.

A) ever since non‑European immigrants began
A) This is just one of many developments in to pour into the country
international trade
B) until new regulations concerning immigrants
B) England still imported a great deal of tropical were introduced
fruit
C) which started at the turn of the century
C) Turkey’s exports of fruit and vegetables will
have dropped sharply D) some of which would have been regarded as
harmful
D) Steel remains an important item of
international trade E) as soon as World War II finished
E) By the end of the month figures concerning
the dollar reserves will have been processed
Test
3 19. One of the best suggestions was put forward 22. ‑‑‑‑, but it is not the only one.
by Dr. Johnson, ‑‑‑‑.
A) Newspaper prices have gone up dramatically
A) that the managing director was especially in recent years
impressed
B) Most diseases are caused by germs and bad
B) who is generally the quietest member of the hygiene
board
C) Technological competition is a serious
C) even though the financial demands might be problem for the book industry
difficult to meet
D) The printing press was invented by Johann
D) unless it was approved by the committee Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany, in the fifteenth
century
E) before anyone else has time to make any
contribution to the discussion E) The judge rebuked the witnesses for their
disrespectful behaviour during the trial
Sentence Completion
122 23. ‑‑‑‑ that they will be made redundant once the
20. Darwin’s theory of evolution was based on the office has been computerized.
observation ‑‑‑‑.
A) They called off the strike
A) while amassing evidence for 25 years in
support of it B) The board of directors discussed the matter
fully
B) why many people of his own age were
reluctant to admit it C) The management adopted new marketing
MODADİL
policies
C) whether his insight really was revolutionary
D) The prospect for the company looks quite
D) that all people of the same species are not gloomy
identical
E) Most of the staff are certain
E) since the multiplicity of forms seemed
unending
21. Although the effect of the famine have been 24. If your boss asked you to take an extra work
www.modadil.com
made worse by the political instability in the without more pay, ‑‑‑‑?
country, ‑‑‑‑.
A) have you discussed the issue with him
A) the West would have shown its sympathy in a
most generous manner B) would you agree to do so
B) it was beyond the power of any government to C) why do you think he may have suggested this
undertake the responsibility D) what was the reaction of your colleagues
C) a fair distribution of the available food will E) will you resign at once
have been accomplished
D) so one disaster was naturally followed by
another
E) food is now being distributed wherever it is
needed
Test
25. Construction workers will go on strike next 28. Earlier this century, Chicago acquired 3
Monday ‑‑‑‑. a reputation for colourful politicians,
newspapermen and gangsters, ‑‑‑‑
A) that they negotiated for over five hours and
were unable to reach an agreement with the A) simply because commerce has been a key to
management the city’s development
B) as long as the only solution for a settlement B) just as today Chicago remains a city of
is an independent inquiry into their working close‑knit ethnic neighbourhoods
conditions
C) though the city has become a center for meat
C) because the two sides have done their best to products
settle their dispute by bargaining
D) but its cultural life was less well known then
D) in case the workers were asked to
compromise and accept a pay rise of 20% E) as it is located at the conjunction of the Great
Lakes and the Mississippi River system and
Sentence Completion
E) unless the management agrees to accept surrounded by the productive farmlands of the
their claim for a 60% pay increase Midwest
26. ‑‑‑‑ some of America’s most innovative 29. Though the term “human rights” is of recent
architects set about rebuilding it in a bold origin, ‑‑‑‑. 123
style known as the “Chicago school”.
A) there are certain actions that are never
A) After a great fire destroyed much of Chicago permissible and certain freedoms that should
in 1871 never be interrupted
B) Although Chicago was soon to emerge as the B) after 1933 the Western world realized that it
literary capital of the United States was living in an age of totalitarian dictatorship
far worse than old monarchic absolutism
MODADİL
C) Because Chicago has traditionally been

regarded as “the great laboratory of American C) natural rights can be seen in their origins as
democracy” claims that everyone naturally makes
D) As immigrants from many European countries D) some politicians claim that any doctrine
had settled in ethnic enclaves in Chicago of human rights must be in some sense a
doctrine of natural rights
E) As long as Chicago remains the gateway to
the rest of the nation for food products and E) the ideal itself can be traced back through
industrial opportunities John Locke in the seventeenth century to the
great philosophers of classical antiquity
www.modadil.com
30. As unemployment is currently a major social

27. The company will need fewer office workers issue, ‑‑‑‑.
‑‑‑‑.
A) the strikes have really crippled the
A) since some were looking for jobs with other industry and, consequently, the export of
firms manufactured goods has come to a standstill
B) when the computer network has been B) the measures introduced had little effect on
installed the improvement of the country’s economic
C) as long as the sales continued to increase performance
D) so as to discuss ways of combating C) its worst economic effects have been partly
unemployment softened by the government’s introduction of
unemployment compensation
E) even though the current economic recession
is likely to continue for another six months D) the economic prospect was far from
encouraging
E) people are not working as hard as their belief
in the work ethic shows that they should
Test
3 31. When a firm wants to fill a vacancy, ‑‑‑‑. 34. Though heavy rain had been forecast for the
area, ‑‑‑‑.
A) there are always staff who want to leave for
various reasons A) record harvests are expected this year
B) the candidates have all been required to write B) they would presumably call off the excursion
an essay on the current economic situation in to the ruins in the valley
Europe
C) I can’t imagine why they neglected to take all
C) the applicants were invited for an interview necessary precautions to avoid flooding
before a committee of specialists
D) farm labours would have to work overtime and
D) it is necessary that future managers be at weekends
trained as thoroughly as possible
E) the resulting floods caused widespread
E) it usually puts an advertisement in a hardship
newspaper
Sentence Completion
124
32. ‑‑‑‑, he refuses to accept any of their
suggestions. 35. If only they had realized that our supplies were
running out ‑‑‑‑.
A) Even though the committee members had
approved the plan in full A) the crisis might still be avoided
B) While the speaker considers politics to be the B) those in charge could put the matter right
MODADİL
art of persuasion C) nobody could appreciate the gravity of the

C) Since he is so prejudiced in this matter event
D) As the discussions at the conference would D) there were reinforcements ready to be sent
have included a wide range of issues out
E) If they told him that he had to make up his E) they would most certainly have done
mind as soon as possible something about it
www.modadil.com
33. ‑‑‑‑ how much this Finnish director’s films 36. ‑‑‑‑ that least affects the behaviour of
manage to communicate. companies, investors, shoppers and workers.
A) You didn’t show any reaction A) The inflation rate has been reduced
B) It really is surprising B) The best inflation rate is one
C) The audience was suddenly surprised C) The article concerning inflation maintains
D) The dramatic cough is an instance D) The price index has raised so much
controversy
E) There are no certain advantages with black
and white movies E) The outcome of the recent economic reforms
has got much praise from the public
Test
37. The new longer‑acting drugs promise to 40. ‑‑‑‑, it was not long before they could resume 3
protect asthma patients for up to 12 hours, ‑‑‑‑. broadcasting.
A) though medical authorities had been A) If only their permit had been renewed
concerned about the side effects
B) Once the fault in the system had been found
B) as long as the results of this research project
are confirmed within the month C) As long as the electrical supply remains stable
C) so that they can sleep better at night D) Since the maintenance team were on leave
D) since the findings have not yet been E) However unwelcome the delay might be
thoroughly studied
E) which could have proved to be a most
remarkable medical breakthrough
Sentence Completion
41. Before Freud shed light on dreams and the 125
38. ‑‑‑‑, Blackpool is the biggest and brashest, the extraordinary role of the subconscious, ‑‑‑‑.
cheapest and most cheerfull.
A) there are many who have grasped their
A) There is a place in the north of England significance
B) Every year about 12 million people visit B) educated people in particular regarded
C) When it was the holiday choice of the British dreams as meaningless and pointless
MODADİL
working class C) many traditional ways of interpreting dreams

D) Of all the seaside resorts along Britain’s are being analyzed
coasts D) the relationship between stress and dreams
E) It was a small fishing village before the arrival would surely have been recognised
of the railway E) many great writers still draw on the principles
of human psychology
www.modadil.com
39. Our first impression of the new director was 42. ‑‑‑‑ till Thomas Paine published The Common
distinctly favourable ‑‑‑‑. Sense and sparked off the American
Revolution.
A) although we were sorry to see the old one go
A) George Washington considered himself a
B) unless his manner was more formal than we loyal British subject
were used to
B) Idealism hasn’t often been a determining
C) however reluctant we are to go along with the factor
new policy
C) Voltaire’s influence would have been more
D) until the efficiency of his new methods can be pervasive
established
D) That was a period of radical change in all
E) that he was determined to restore the firm to spheres
its former glory
E) They were the people responsible for shaping
the national character of the United States
Test
3 43. ‑‑‑‑ that scientists are now sending out “e‑ 45. I would naturally have felt extremely
prints” instead of pre‑prints of unpublished disappointed ‑‑‑‑.
articles.
A) as he must have been by far the best
A) Before the Internet, it was not possible applicant
B) One change that the advent of the Internet B) unless the competition has had very few
has brought is entrants
C) The Internet has indeed opened many doors C) even though the two teams were
extraordinarily well matched
D) The benefits of technology should not be
over‑rated D) if they hadn’t sent us an invitation to the
concert
E) Among academics, technological advances
attract less attention E) as the first prize went to a racist author
Sentence Completion
126
44. Although Hong Kong used to be one of the 46. The speaker from China has stated ‑‑‑‑.
world’s most alluring shopping centres, ‑‑‑‑.
A) so that preserving agricultural land is his
MODADİL
A) competition seems to be growing even keener government’s primary economic policy

B) this was no longer the case B) that terracing the soil is one conservation
method used widely in his country to control
C) it might have remained a fashionable holiday erosion
resort
C) since urban renewal has completely changed
D) others did not share this opinion the look of the cities in his country
E) it is now one of its most expensive D) as regards the fact that a handful of industrial
nations monopolized deep sea fishing until
the early 1970’s
E) while rich tropical forests are vanishing at the
rate of some 11 million hectares a year
www.modadil.com
Test
47. The overall quality of life in today’s world 49. Former United States President Ronald 3
cannot be improved ‑‑‑‑. Reagan announced in early November 1994
‑‑‑‑.
A) just as population growth would strain the
global urban environment A) what he is going to do with American
economy will be very fruitful for every citizen
B) while the underdeveloped countries were in near future.
ignored completely by international agencies
like the United Nations and the World Bank B) that he is one of the millions of Americans
who will be afflicted with Alzheimer’s Disease.
C) since the population of that part of the world
rose from 800 million in 1960 to 1. 2 billion in C) that in the past Nancy, his wife, suffered
1985 from breast cancer and he had his cancer
surgeries.
D) unless the developed countries are prepared
to offer a helping hand to the underdeveloped D) that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s
Sentence Completion
disease.
E) whenever the OECD declines to support
a series of projects for the development of E) that he will resign and continue to share life’s
poorer countries. journey with his beloved Nancy and his family.
127
48. Some avalanches move no faster than 40 50. ‑‑‑‑ does investing your money in risky things
kilometres per hour, ‑‑‑‑. make sense as risk makes you earn more than
usual.
MODADİL
A) while others have been estimated to have a

speed of about 300 kilometres per hour A) If you can live prosperously even without
having that amount of money
B) even if the damage they did was minimal
compared with the destruction caused by B) Provided that you don’t need it any time
hurricanes and earthquake
C) If only you don’t have some other
C) in spite of the fact that snow lying on a steep opportunities to make money
slope is always liable to avalanche
D) Only if your future life is under guarantee
D) for the wind sometimes reaches a force
almost equal to that of a tornado E) Seeing that you have some clues about the
outcomes of the risky investments
E) so that in such areas measures may be taken
to prevent large avalanches
www.modadil.com
Test
4 SENTENCE COMPLETION
4. Although free politics and free‑market
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun economics go most happily together, ‑‑‑‑.
A) no new aid would be approved for six months
1. ‑‑‑‑ that treatment policies suitable for one age B) they could no longer blame the colonialists,
group may not be justified in another. who had withdrawn from Africa two or three
A) A controversy immediately arose decades before
B) The article has considerable originality C) five years ago, dictatorships proclaiming
socialist policies prevailed in Africa
C) A recent study into cholesterol levels suggests
D) one does not necessarily lead to the other,
D) They had already convinced nor guarantees its success
E) The implications were not at first realized E) Africans have shown that they want multiparty
democracy and are beginning to achieve it
128
2. ‑‑‑‑ how immediately and lastingly blacks had 5. The Nazi occupation of the Netherlands is best
affected American life throughout history. known to most of us through Anne Frank’s
diary, ‑‑‑‑.
A) Thomas Jefferson, one of the leaders of the
American Revolution, had opposed A) even though another significant record of the
MODADİL
era was made by Dutch photographers, both

B) In his paper on slavery in America he professional and amateur
demonstrated with impeccable scholarship
B) while the Dutch government had banned the
C) Whites in America have always objected publication of all newspapers
D) In colonial America, Virginia was the largest C) as most of the Jewish population in the
and most populous colony where country were prepared to emigrate to the
United States
E) The American slaves, sometimes subject
to arbitrary punishment, learned to be D) that her description of the atrocities committed
hypersensitive by the enemy has provided historians with
valuable details
E) when her parents had hidden her in the attic
of their house
www.modadil.com
3. ‑‑‑‑, but most of them don’t see a doctor 6. ‑‑‑‑, the U. S. population, now 266 million, will
because they think it’s something they just increase to 400 million by 2050.
have to live with.
A) Though the governments have encouraged
A) It was reported earlier in this decade that large families through tax reductions and
about one fourth of all patients had received welfare subsidies
treatment for impotence
B) Even though the growth rate has been among
B) Over 200 thousand men have received proper the highest of the developed world
medical treatment
C) If current trends continue, and they seem
C) Impotence is something we have learned to likely to do so
deal with
D) Since the birth rate has now outgrown the
D) Urologists and other doctors have always country’s agricultural capacity
been concerned with impotence
E) Because stringent measures need to be
E) Impotence affects over 10 million men introduced to reverse population growth
nationwide
Test
7. The elderly gentleman sitting over there is an 10. Unless the Central European countries can 4
artist ‑‑‑‑. keep their labor costs at this level, ‑‑‑‑.
A) whose many articles about their commitment A) exports are really starting to drop
to the cause of human welfare and happiness
in Africa would be controversial B) they haven’t been able to compete with
Western Europe
B) that he shares the vision of young people for
a peaceful and prosperous world in the next C) unrest in these countries would have been
century unavoidable
C) whose work has been exhibited widely in D) the finished products will have to go up in
many countries in Europe price
D) as his awards include gold and silver medals E) a firm control of distribution and sales has not
presented by various organizations proved adequate
Sentence Completion
E) whereby he had unanimously been elected
an honorary member of the Society of Modern
Arts
129
8. He stated that the issue was simply ‑‑‑‑.

11. ‑‑‑‑ that he has exaggerated the problems
A) in case the surgery recommended was of the health‑care system, using misleading
approved by the medical board arguments and deceptive statistics to support
his case for reform.
MODADİL
B) whether surgical intervention was right for this

particular patient A) He was being interviewed by a group of
C) when the patient has been admitted for an journalists
emergency operation B) Many experts and policy‑makers believe
D) to what extent the treatment recommended C) This is an extremely radical proposal
for this particular patient has been successful
D) Under the present circumstances most people
E) why the medical board is expected to refuse are encouraged
his appointment
E) The report ignored the leading question
www.modadil.com
12. While business and banks have started to

9. Because the new printers weigh less than 900 perform well and make profits, ‑‑‑‑.
grams, ‑‑‑‑.
A) only a crack in the stock market has to be
A) they really deserve to be called portable feared
B) their performance is invariably admirable B) inflation and unemployment have been held
C) most people have been misled by their price in check
D) they were readily available at all the best C) the economy ought to be able to withstand a
retailers recession
E) the research team has already moved on to a D) the Euro currency could stand up to so much
new project criticism
E) fiscal transfers across European nation states
were of minimal importance
Test
4 13. ‑‑‑‑, there will be a notable decrease in the 16. A new generation of business leaders is
profits of most businesses. coming to the fore, ‑‑‑‑.
A) If people start to spend less and save more A) whether the State continues to meddle in
corporate affairs
B) However efficiently inflation was curbed
B) whose methods are more vital, more
C) Had these reasonable measures been international and more aggressive
introduced earlier
C) who aimed to impress international investors
D) Before the financial situation could be fully
understood D) which was realistic about the importance of
economic growth
E) Although the leading economists had started
to grow more hopeful E) in order that they work to gratify not politicians
but their own shareholders
Sentence Completion
130
17. Unless they promise to use some of the
14. Many of Egypt’s ruins are unfortunately being money to improve career prospects for young
destroyed by the very people ‑‑‑‑. scientists, ‑‑‑‑.
A) whose living habits had been depicted in the A) the issue under discussion has been dropped
monument
B) there were a number of things we had to take
B) that actually aren’t trained as conservationists into account
MODADİL
C) who would ask for international funding C) anyone else thought of opposing the scheme
D) that is the result of faulty renovation D) the money left over from donations could be
E) who were hired to fix them included
E) we feel we cannot give our support to the
campaign
www.modadil.com
15. The changes in the legal system are finally

being regarded with approval ‑‑‑‑. 18. ‑‑‑‑ that the first women’s college was founded
in England as early as 1849.
A) whenever there is a series of unsolved crimes
A) To be fair, what I recommended was
B) till another wave of crime spread across the
country B) I wouldn’t have been at all impressed
C) because recently there has been a definite C) It was owing to the ceaseless efforts of Mrs.
decline in the crime rate Reid
D) while the police force itself is dubious about it D) Victoria has been queen for twelve years
E) as if there could have been some other E) He showed little interest
feasible alternative
Test
19. Since some food products lose popularity 22. ‑‑‑‑, Japanese firms moved the more intensive 4
rather quickly, ‑‑‑‑. phases of their production process to cheap
labour sites in East Asia.
A) the best age‑group to aim at would
undoubtedly have been teenagers A) As production costs in Japan had become
excessive
B) many such companies actually went bankrupt
B) Unless the working day is kept 8 hours
C) the industry has constantly to be ready with
fresh ideas C) Once the trade unions in Japan have won a
few more victories
D) in the end it was the need for collective
bargaining that was understood D) So long as a reduction in costs remain the
primary goal
E) the job couldn’t offer him anything in the way
of a challenge E) Provided that interest rates in Japan had
remained high
Sentence Completion
23. ‑‑‑‑ we review our recruitment procedures.
131
20. Though the construction of a bridge across
the river would doubtless prove popular, ‑‑‑‑. A) As soon as the problem received adequate
recognition
A) the technology to be transferred is far suitable
B) Such a problem cannot be ignored
B) city councils would have been committed to
encourage it C) Even though it was becoming increasingly
obvious
MODADİL
C) similar designs are on view everywhere

D) What I would recommend is that
D) it will not be easy to raise enough money to
do it E) In case they were disappointed with the new
manager’s performance
E) it is a German‑Japanese consortium that gets
most of the orders
www.modadil.com
21. ‑‑‑‑ their environmental consequences are very 24. ‑‑‑‑ a committee will be set up to determine
disturbing. just how to turn the museum into a private,
non‑profit corporation.
A) Whatever high‑yielding variety of wheat is
recommended A) As long as there weren’t any rival claims
B) As traditional Indian food is of high nutritive B) As soon as the board has approved the
value project
C) Though artificial fertilizers ensure high C) However much disappointment it would have
crop‑yields caused them
D) Since new agricultural policies have been D) If such a crisis could have been avoided
introduced by the government
E) Whoever managed to deceive you
E) However costly the construction of new
irrigation systems may have been
Test
4 25. ‑‑‑‑, a great many alarming theories are sure to 28. In 1922 Hemingway settled in Paris ‑‑‑‑.
spring to the fore.
A) whether he would be awarded the Nobel Prize
A) Before the truth had been verified in Literature in 1954
B) Though his death had almost certainly been B) if the life of a journalist hadn’t attracted him
from natural causes even more than the life of a novelist
C) If several perfectly natural explanations had C) that he wrote stories and novels about the
been put forward Americans living there just as Henry James
had done
D) Whenever there are anonymous terrorist
attacks D) as he soon gave up journalism for fiction
E) As soon as this admittedly unpleasant E) where he moved in a circle of American
incident got forgotten expatriates that included Ezra Pound and
Scott Fitzgerald
Sentence Completion
29. Since Samaranch assumed leadership of the

132 26. ‑‑‑‑, I would never have felt the need to read
them.
International Olympic Committee, ‑‑‑‑.
A) some disagreements at meetings had been
A) Whichever of these modern plays he may leaked to the press
decide to direct
B) he has done much to raise the prestige of the
B) Unless some books on the care of Games
houseplants are given to me as a present
C) his policies conflicted with the principles of the
C) However many cookery books my husband
MODADİL
ancient Olympics
may care to give me
D) the present situation concerning the 2002
D) Till I saw him intently reading those sermons Games call for urgent attention
E) If she had not written so enthusiastically about E) this was the first time he talked about his
the diaries of Scott of the Antarctica resignation
27. ‑‑‑‑, she did not return seriously to writing until 30. Since the cleaning up of the pollution of the
after her husband’s death in 1883. seas is so expensive, ‑‑‑‑.
www.modadil.com
A) Although Kate Chopin had previously A) the project had progressed as expected
contemplated a literary career
B) large corporations would offer contributions
B) Since Kate Chopin had been thinking about a
literary career C) the question of liability inevitably arises
C) As far as Kate Chopin’s interest in literature D) extensive care provided the answer
was concerned
E) the final result has still to be analyzed
D) When Kate Chopin had decided to live the
rest of her life in New Orleans
E) However much interest Kate Chopin’s short
stories have aroused
Test
31. ‑‑‑‑ that his play “The Crucible” was a cry of 34. ‑‑‑‑, so the introduction of metalworking made 4
protest against the anti‑Communist zealotry of trade with the outside world inevitable.
the McCarthy era.
A) Compared with those of the Iron Age, Stone
A) Arthur Miller had been seriously Age tools were very primitive.
misunderstood
B) Many ores, like copper and tin are not found
B) Among the modern American dramatists it in all countries
had been Arthur Miller
C) The “bronze age” is a term used in prehistoric
C) Arthur Miller himself always maintained archaeology
D) Arthur Miller has been widely read D) The chemical processes involved in the
smelting of ores were not as complicated
E) As far as Arthur Miller is concerned
E) Subsequently the knowledge of metalworking
must have spread among the less advanced
Sentence Completion
communities around
32. Although the word “democracy” is often used, 35. Since a relatively high proportion of bread 133
‑‑‑‑. is included in the daily food intake of most
peoples, ‑‑‑‑.
A) they are basically quite different from each
other A) the main ingredients have always been flour
and yeast
B) we had agreed on a definition
B) it would be subsidised in many countries
C) majority rule and minority rights went back
MODADİL
even further C) there are several other methods of producing

it
D) it means different things to different people
D) different shapes were being evolved to
E) it has been argued that democracy and an provide some variety
advanced level of civilisation go together
E) it is of considerable importance from the point
of view of diet
33. If aluminium is used in place of steel in bridge 36. The authorities intensified their investigations
www.modadil.com
construction, ‑‑‑‑. into the smuggling of nuclear material ‑‑‑‑.

A) this would be especially suitable in long‑span A) that the police had received a tip‑off to this
bridges effect
B) resistance to atmospheric corrosion had been B) till they found evidence of radioactivity
better
C) immediately after the radioactive plates were
C) there would have been a reduction in found
maintenance costs
D) if any other explanation could be found
D) erection and foundation costs will be lower
E) even if there have been several cases of
E) there had been a considerable increase in the attempted plutonium trading
safe volume of traffic
Test
4 37. At concert halls, the centre of the stage 40. Pharmaceutical companies are unlikely to
is increasingly being taken over by develop a vaccine for an uncommon disease
percussionists ‑‑‑‑. like leprosy ‑‑‑‑.
A) who were trying out a wide range of new A) how early diagnosis could help
instruments
B) so that pressure would be put on them
B) that there is now a vast array of instruments
C) if the choice had been given to them
C) whose performance showed amazing
virtuosity D) till the various charities were informed
D) who used to stand at the back of the orchestra E) that can be treated with drugs
tapping out the rhythm
E) in order that a great range of new musical
sound was being developed
Sentence Completion
134 38. Unless a country can establish the fact that its
41. As biologists continue to study
interrelationships of the living systems that
economy is sound, ‑‑‑‑. inhabit our planet, ‑‑‑‑.
A) only the very rich had risked their money A) metabolic reactions occur continuously in
there every living organism
B) the world’s public and private lenders alike B) an expanding human population and
refuse to extend loans increased consumer demand for energy,
MODADİL
C) trade‑agreements were rarely made in its homes and highways are causing the rapid
favour destruction of vital ecosystems
D) the industrial projects there did not receive C) energy is required to maintain the precise
adequate backing order that characterises ecosystems
E) even an abundance of mineral resources D) research in molecular biology and genetics

could not have saved the situation has caused new insights into disease
processes
E) they enhance our awareness of our impact on
the environment
www.modadil.com
39. Iron deficiency is one of the commonest 42. ‑‑‑‑, it should not be assumed that a theory is
causes of anemia ‑‑‑‑. “proved” by testing.
A) since even in a good diet the supply of iron is A) Where as many people think of science as
only just adequate a mechanical process of collecting facts and
devising theories
B) why adolescents outgrow their stores of iron
B) Although the testing of theories is a
C) which would result in brittle nails distinguishing feature of science
D) although new ways of treating pernicious C) Because physics is one of the major branches
anaemia were soon introduced of science
E) as numerous iron preparations are available D) When the history of science tells us that
for treatment long‑held theories are replaced by new ones
E) In so far as the careful carrying out of
experiments is a crucial part of scientific
activity
Test
43. Whenever we pick up a newspaper or turn on 45. ‑‑‑‑, the current flows steadily in one direction, 4
the television, ‑‑‑‑. and this is called direct current.
A) there are, of course numerous non‑economic A) When a battery is connected to a circuit
forces that determine and mould our decision
making processes B) Though the electric plugs have still to be
checked
B) there are clear lines of demarcation between
economics and politics C) As electrical energy can easily be transformed
into other forms of energy
C) it is natural that economics constitutes a
significant percentage of our media coverage D) Whenever the supply of electricity to homes
and factories is cut off
D) generally politics is described as the heart
of government and, as such, is seriously E) Since the electric wiring has been specially
concerned with economics designed to carry heavy loads
Sentence Completion
E) we are likely to be bombarded with facts
and figures on such subjects as pollution,
unemployment and inflation
135
MODADİL
44. ‑‑‑‑ when some groups of the population

become wealthier while others become poorer. 46. Unless he gives people a chance to get to
know him better, ‑‑‑‑.
A) Consumption will depend partly on the reel
wealth of individuals A) he would have been misunderstood by
everyone in the company
B) A higher standard of living is enjoyed by all
B) he won’t collect enough support to win the
C) Income distribution becomes more unequal election
D) Practically all the income transferred to the C) everybody got dissatisfied, and it showed in
poor will be spent on necessities their work
E) Inflation has affected all members of a society D) taking over the job of a much – loved and
highly respected manager is not at all easy
E) his proposal actually wasn’t either particularly
original or even feasible
www.modadil.com
Test
4 47. The doctor has prescribed some new pills ‑‑‑‑. 49. Although a UN report said that a serious effort
was at last being made to tackle AIDS, ‑‑‑‑.
A) which really do bring relief from pain
A) the global fight against the virus is gaining
B) if we could have afforded them strength.
C) although she requires them regularly B) it is still spreading rapidly in some parts of
D) why the others had ceased to be effective Asia and eastern Europe.
E) that had just come onto the market C) the price of AIDS drugs has been dragged to
a reasonable level.
D) some funds, such as Global Fund to Fight
AIDS, are still hopeful about eliminating the
virus from the earth.
E) the catastrophe will have been able to be
Sentence Completion
prevented from spreading very rapidly.
136
48. People sometimes wonder ‑‑‑‑.

50. He asked a lot of questions, which were none
A) since the richest sources of vitamin A are of his business and ‑‑‑‑.
foods of animal origin such as liver, fish oil,
milk and eggs A) can not get any answers
MODADİL
B) in case a shortage of vitamin A was not the B) everybody was interested in his business.
main problem C) managed to annoy everybody.
C) that, in the typical Western diet, about half of D) could not accept the job.
the vitamin A intake is from vegetables and
fruits E) was used to listening to the questions.
D) if the eating of liver too frequently can cause
vitamin A toxicity
E) just as most foods with vitamin A activity or
brightly coloured, often yellow or orange
www.modadil.com
Test
4. The evacuation of the World Trade Center
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun towers might have been easier ‑‑‑‑.
A) unless some of the steel columns had been
1. Some large‑scale manufacturers have retail heated beyond their melting point
shops of their own ‑‑‑‑. B) since in some places stairways are required
A) where consumer buying can be studied at to be in different corners of tall buildings
close quarters C) if the multiple stairways had not all been in the
B) as if the true cost of advertising became more central core of the building
difficult to assess D) so long as effective fire‑proofing had been
C) before a new product is sold all over the installed
country E) after so many of the offices had already been
D) unless some firms carry out regular surveys vacated
throughout the region
E) though sometimes the advice of an agency
was sought on the packaging of the article
137
5. After he had learned my side of the story from

2. Kerrich carried out exhaustive experiments in Molly, ‑‑‑‑.
MODADİL
probability ‑‑‑‑.
A) his apologies are obviously worthless
A) until the coin has been tossed a thousand
times B) he phoned me to apologize for his attitude
B) if he had been arrested when the Germans C) I don’t even want to listen to his apologies
invaded Denmark D) he’s still too proud to admit he behaved badly
C) whether the coin toss is truly random E) it will obviously be better to forget all about it
D) while he was interned in a camp in Jutland for
the duration of the war
E) that he has been acclaimed as one of South
Africa’s leading mathematicians
www.modadil.com
3. The manual workers in the automobile factory 6. Despite the great concern for leadership and
are threatening to go on strike ‑‑‑‑. the large volume of writings about it, ‑‑‑‑.
A) if they do not receive an adequate pay rise A) leadership is a topic of interest to many
people
B) after their pay claim is granted
B) this is hardly a comprehensive definition
C) that working conditions are not improving fast
enough C) it was too vigorous a definition and didn’t
reflect the common sense notion of the term
D) even if the union hadn’t offered any support
D) older children would actually follow his lead
E) which is due to start next week
E) there is relatively little agreement about what
it is or how it functions
Test
5 7. Though every industrial development project 10. Though some scholars argue that ‑‑‑‑, others
is a potential source of pollution ‑‑‑‑. say that the beginning of the 15th century was
its real rise.
A) air pollution would clearly have been the most
dangerous of all A) by the late part of the 12th century most of the
literary conventions of Urdu literature have
B) this didn’t mean that industrial development already been well established
had to be radically reduced
B) the 12th century was the time of the great
C) careful advance planning can minimize that religious movements in India
pollution and its effects on the population
C) Urdu literature dates back to the 12th century
D) such benefits as reductions in crop losses
would help to offset the costs of pollution D) most of the literary writings in India in the
control 12th century consisted of religious tracts and
allegories
E) the dangers of pollution are everywhere
Sentence Completion
recognized E) most Urdu poets in the 12th century turned to

romances and narratives of heroic deeds
138
11. ‑‑‑‑, to whom they report.
8. ‑‑‑‑ that basic evolutionary processes in the
future will differ substantially from those in the A) A growing body of evidence does indeed
past. suggest that Enron was a case of bad
management
A) The breaking up of habitats will create
populations B) In theory, a company’s auditors are appointed
independently by its shareholders
MODADİL
B) Nobody had thought to ask themselves

C) The Enron fiasco has shown that all is not well
C) They are carrying out a study of island with the governance of many big American
biogeography companies
D) There is no reason whatsoever to assume D) Harvey Pitt has been appointed the new
E) The argument was further supported chairman of the Securities and Exchange
Commission in the US
E) In Congress, politicians are engaged in an
investigation of Enron’s managers
9. ‑‑‑‑ despite the claim of his lawyers that his 12. ‑‑‑‑ where they ate mosquito larvae and so
www.modadil.com
statements had been made under “highly helped prevent malaria.

coercive conditions”.
A) British engineers regarded these canals as
A) John Walker refused to reveal the secrets of “dond rivers”
his life in Afghanistan
B) The people in Bengal still talk of digging
B) The American Taliban, John Walker, had been canals across the Ganges delta
denied bail by the court
C) Indeed irrigation gave a much‑needed boost
C) John Walker, the American Taliban, came to declining agricultural production
from a humble background
D) The dam prevents all silt from flowing
D) John Walker was indicted by a federal grand downstream
jury
E) The flood waters even brought fish into the
E) John Walker played a leading role in Taliban fields
activities
Test
13. Though coral reefs are among the richest 16. Environmentalists are not often fond of dams 5
ecosystems on the planet, ‑‑‑‑. ‑‑‑‑.
A) they grow in crystal‑clear waters that contain A) which had been built for both energy and
hardly any nutrients irrigation
B) nutrient uptake is closely related to the degree B) though two negative ecological forces
of movement in the sea cancelled each other out
C) the rough surfaces are what make this C) unless the dams actually held back a vast
possible sedimentation load
D) they are also skilled at recycling D) since they frequently trap migratory fish
E) changes in turbulence accurately predicted E) that failed to preserve their biological variety
the rate of nutrient uptake over the years
Sentence Completion
14. ‑‑‑‑, there just wasn’t enough evidence to
convict him.
17. Today more than 100 million people have a
breathing problem ‑‑‑‑.
139
A) If the trial had been postponed to a later date A) if only the rise in asthma cases has stopped
B) Since almost nothing the accused himself B) that asthma levels are dropping in those born
said could be substantiate after 1985
C) Though he seemed extremely reluctant to C) which costs $6 billion a year in the US alone
sign the statement
MODADİL
D) unless they prefer not to admit it

D) Even before the judge has finished summing
up the case E) since exposure to antibiotics while in the
womb is generally regarded as a further
E) Although everyone was convinced that Smith irritant
had committed the murder
15. In his annual report, the accountant failed to

clarify the position and explain ‑‑‑‑. 18. The clarinet solo at the start of the movement
provides the theme ‑‑‑‑.
www.modadil.com
A) why expenditure had been in excess of the

budget A) if the sense of longing were once more
brought to the force
B) whether the budget really is unrealistic
B) that unifies the whole work
C) what procedures will have been used in
banking C) once the slow tempo had been re‑established
D) that more serious aspects were being D) until yet another ecstatic climax was reached
overlooked E) that the work begins quickly and harmoniously
E) which items in particular are being
reconsidered
Test
5 19. Unlike most animals, the baby elephant very 22. ‑‑‑‑, urban farms are usually far more
often has to be up on its feet and moving with productive than their rural counterparts.
the herd ‑‑‑‑.
A) If city authorities and agricultural researches
A) whether it is fully functional straightaway continue to ignore urban farming
B) so it has an amazing ability to learn and B) Because they tend to be small and carefully
remember things. looked after
C) as if there were a long period of juvenile C) Even though most farmers didn’t use yield
dependency boosting chemicals.
D) before it is even an hour old D) While the highest productivity has been on the
smallest plots.
E) because a nomadic life‑style necessitated
such practices E) As better child nutrition can be linked to the
local production of food in urban areas
Sentence Completion
140 20. According to the newspapers, the

investigators, who visited Ukraine over the 23. It has only recently been accepted ‑‑‑‑.
sales of radar‑detection equipment to Iraq,
complained ‑‑‑‑. A) just as in Huntington’s disease a defective
protein kills brain cells
A) until considerable incriminating evidence has
been discovered. B) why the nerve cells of the adult human brain
were long thought to be too specialized to
B) though some officials have admittedly regenerate
MODADİL
cooperated.
C) because now it appears that the brain can
C) that vital information was being withheld greatly increase production in an attempt to
repair damage
D) whether other countries ought to come under
their scrutiny. D) in case the discovery raises the possibility
of developing drugs to encourage cells to
E) though effective action would have been regenerate faster and sooner
forthcoming.
E) that adult human brains can generate new
cells
www.modadil.com
21. Japan has produced two hi‑tech stadiums ‑‑‑‑. 24. ‑‑‑‑ as one does not know the contents of the
A) that has been designed to serve several next chapter!
purposes A) He should have weighed the mailer more
B) which display the sort of innovation‑for‑fun carefully at the start
treatment we expect from that country B) The writing of any kind of contemporary
C) neither of them is designed with the fans in history is always a dangerous business
mind C) The subject he chose was a highly
D) whenever there is novelty for the sake of controversial one
novelty D) The speech aroused no response whatsoever
E) as there is provision for novel waterproofing in the audience
systems which are highly effective E) He’ll probably keep within the limits set down
by his adviser
Test
25. Though the UK possesses a third of all 28. If only the tax return over the year had been as 5
Europe’s wind energy potential ‑‑‑‑. high as had been predicted, ‑‑‑‑.
A) Denmark was leading the world in wind A) this can easily be accounted for
technology
B) they have underestimated their economic
B) most of the Industrial world had been slow to commitments
recognize the benefits of wind
C) some people regard accounting as an art, not
C) it still produces far less than other European a science
countries
D) companies are no longer the unified, self‑
D) hydroelectric power is another renewable contained organizations that they used to be
energy resource
E) such increased government outlays on public
E) there could have been a drop of around 7% in services would have been feasible
the gas emissions
Sentence Completion
26. ‑‑‑‑, a multitude of new residential
29. Though Gertrude Stein desired the acclaim of
a larger public, ‑‑‑‑.
141
developments are underway.
A) even her close friend, Alice Toklas, could have
A) Unless the first impression is a good one been mistaken about it
B) Once the new marina had started B) she had certainly not achieved all the respect
she deserved
C) If there were a reception center to greet
prospective customers C) her originality, even her eccentricity, was
MODADİL
apparent at a very early age

D) Since Dubai would like to persuade people to
stay on a more permanent basis D) she was really only appreciated in the world of
the avant‑garde
E) As if they have benefited from the swimming
pool and sports facilities E) that her autobiography was published as the
work of Alice Toklas
30. As the company manufactures nearly all its

27. Although relatively few people have outright cars in Germany, ‑‑‑‑.
food allergies, ‑‑‑‑.
www.modadil.com
A) the sterling started to weaken against the

A) there are many who have difficulty in digesting euro
certain foods
B) the sports car in particular finds a market in
B) peanuts are among the most allergenic foods America
C) biotechnologists are altering some foods C) every effort has to be made to minimize the
genetically in an attempt to eliminate the short‑term impact of currency swings
proteins
D) other companies have not always been so
D) the majority took a firm stand against successful
genetically modified foods
E) its costs are mostly in the European currency,
E) the number of people who experience a euros
reaction to vegetables is very negligible
Test
5 31. Since the images of Stanley and Livingstone 34. Advertising has increasingly less credibility
have changed so much over the years, ‑‑‑‑. with consumers, ‑‑‑‑.
A) the new image of Livingstone makes him a A) whether it plays a role in sustaining an
deeper and braver man than his legend established brand
B) there would have been no necessity for yet B) that a fundamental rethinking is clearly called
another book on the subject for
C) one would expect some account of this in a C) as if it were the indispensable foundation of
new book about them marketing
D) Victorian England was nevertheless obsessed D) though they cannot always reject its
with the magic of free trade messages
E) the final journals of Livingstone were polished E) since it was rarely effective in building a new
to ensure that he appeared as a saintly man brand
Sentence Completion
142
32. ‑‑‑‑ that this is one of the most heart‑breaking 35. This book will be a source of instruction and
films ever made about an American family. delight for divers and marine biologists and
indeed for anyone ‑‑‑‑.
A) The film demonstrates the audacity and
structural power of its director A) who genuinely loves the sea
B) The film centres round a family of five B) whose childhood will be spent by the sea
MODADİL
C) The subject matter is indeed sensational C) whether they loved the sea or not
D) Some critics are of the opinion D) that they live close to the sea
E) In this film the family is reaffirmed as the most E) if they heard the call of the sea
powerful subject for great drama
www.modadil.com
33. Unless you take their backgrounds into

consideration, ‑‑‑‑. 36. The Thatcher government in Britain succeeded
in limiting the power of some of the unions ‑‑‑‑.
A) they could not have been more different in
appearance and temperament A) which would have made it easier for
companies to sack striking workers
B) neither of them would have admitted the fact
to anyone B) whether or not the workers had resumed work
C) second‑generation Jewish‑American business C) that had previously held the country to ransom
may be expected to have certain traits in D) if they had been in politically sensitive sectors
common
E) why bargaining demands were felt to be
D) the suggestion couldn’t be considered reasonable
E) these two women have nothing at all in
common
Test
37. Crew members will have to pass several 41. George is trying to find a place of his own, ‑‑‑‑. 5
endurance tests ‑‑‑‑.
A) since he wants to live with his family
A) as the balloon flight will take them into the
harshest of environmental conditions B) which was a pity for him
B) even if they were to be provided with special C) where he had to live alone
space suits D) because he wants to feel independent.
C) however short the duration of the balloon E) that’s why he was in a hurry.
flight turned out to be
D) for huge physical demands have been put on
their bodies
E) that they are required to follow strict fitness
and dietary regimes
Sentence Completion
42. Try as he might, ‑‑‑‑.
A) he would be an influential person in the team
38. It would be inaccurate to say ‑‑‑‑. B) everybody was in favor of him.
A) whether economic or environmental issues C) he could not solve the problem

are the most explosive D) he may go on holiday this year 143
B) that there are cameras monitoring virtually all E) he had been feeling very sorry
public places
C) since personal freedom and privacy are
already a luxury
D) as if there were no ethnic hatred in Europe at
MODADİL
the moment
E) why the situation has become more tricky and
less stable
43. I avoided mentioning the subject ‑‑‑‑.

A) if he gets angry with me
B) lest he be offended
39. Since there was very little support, ‑‑‑‑. C) as if he is the guilty
A) the organization was very successful D) while he had been always with me
B) it had been very difficult E) so that they all learned about it.
C) the strike was not successful
D) the candidate won the elections
www.modadil.com
E) she had been in the right position
40. As you cannot type the letter yourself, ‑‑‑‑. 44. He walked out of the room, ‑‑‑‑.
A) you could have asked someone else. A) and had closed the door.
B) you had better type it with the help of a B) as if he was very angry
computer
C) slamming the door behind him
C) it should be sent urgently
D) although he doesn’t want to leave
D) you will have to ask Susan to do it for you.
E) so the noise hasn’t disturbed anybody
E) your sister will have typed it for you.
Test
5 45. They debated for hours ‑‑‑‑. 48. Scientists have unearthed the oldest known
city in the America, ‑‑‑‑.
A) without a decision being taken
A) whereas some of them still argue about the
B) until they had drawn a conclusion necessity of them
C) by the time the president arrives B) showing that urban civilization began here
D) although the problem is very serious 1500 years earlier than they thought
E) so that they had not been arguing C) because there is nothing unknown left about
that continent
D) supposing they have the actual amount of
foundation from the government
E) although they were never studied on this
subject before
Sentence Completion
46. ‑‑‑‑, the engine is still in perfect order. 49. ‑‑‑‑, the rescue party could have reached the
144 injured man before nightfall.
A) As it made 50 years ago
A) If only the rain stops
B) Because of the great damage it had
B) If the storm would have stopped
C) Although built before the war
C) Although the man was not alone in the desert
D) Since it had been made up of steel
D) If it hadn’t been for the freezing wind
E) Despite not functioning properly
MODADİL
E) Since there had been great damage to the

property
47. On being informed the flight would be delayed, 50. ‑‑‑‑ if heavy equipment had been available
‑‑‑‑. during the rescue operation.
www.modadil.com
A) everybody hurried to get on the plane A) All the injured passengers could have died
B) the pilot had apologized for the problem B) The climbers can have returned back
C) nobody can change their tickets C) We couldn’t be hopeful to find the last
D) we made other arrangements climbers
E) all the passengers will complain the travel D) There wouldn’t be such a big fire.
agency E) The injured man could have been reached.
Test
ENGLISH-TURKISH TRANSLATION 1
3. Although the legend of King Midas and his
1. - 30. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye obsession with gold is well known throughout
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. the world, historical records tell us very little
about his life.
1. In the early years of the fourteenth century,
there began to develop in Italy an increasing A) Kral Midas’a ve onun aşırı altın sevgisine
interest in the manuscripts that had survived ilişkin öykü tüm dünyada meşhur olsa da
from ancient Greece and Rome. onun yaşamı hakkındaki tarihi kaynakların
bize söyledikleri çok yetersizdir.
A) Eski Yunan ve Roma elyazmalarına on
dördüncü yüzyılın ilk yıllarında İtalya’da B) Kral Midas’ın öyküsü ve onun altına
duyulmaya başlayan ilgi giderek yoğunlaştı. düşkünlüğü dünyada çok iyi bilinmektedir,
ancak onun yaşamına ilişkin olarak tarihi
B) Eski Yunan ve Roma’dan kalma belgelerin bize söylediği yeterli değildir.
elyazmalarına on dördüncü yüzyıl baslarında
oluşan ilgi, İtalya’da giderek artmıştır. C) Kral Midas’ın öyküsü ve onun altına aşırı ilgisi,
tüm dünyada ne kadar iyi bilinirse bilinsin,
C) İtalya’da on dördüncü yüzyılın baslarında eski tarihi kaynaklar bize onun yaşamı hakkında
Yunan ve Roma elyazmalarına duyulan ilgi hiçbir şey söylemez.
giderek artmaya başlamıştır.
D) Kral Midas ve onun altına düşkünlüğü tüm
D) On dördüncü yüzyılın ilk yıllarında, İtalya’da dünyada bilinen bir efsanedir, ancak, onun
eski Yunan ve Roma’dan kalan elyazmalarına hakkında tarihi belgeler bize çok az şey 145
giderek artan bir ilgi oluşmaya başladı. söyler.
E) İtalya’da eski Yunan ve Roma’dan kalma E) Kral Midas ve onun altın tutkusu efsanesi
elyazmalarına yoğun ilginin ortaya çıkması, tüm dünyada iyi bilinmesine rağmen, tarihi
on dördüncü yüzyılın ilk yıllarına rastlar. belgeler bize onun yaşamı hakkında çok az
şey söylemektedir.
MODADİL
2. At the time Darwin was developing his theory, 4. When animals are used for research purposes,
no hard evidence for genes existed. it is not the taking of life that people object to,
but the suffering that is caused.
A) Darwin’in kendi kuramını geliştirdiği dönemde,
genlere yönelik hiçbir kanıt ortaya çıkmamıştı. A) Hayvanlar araştırma amacıyla kullanıldığında
insanların karşı çıktığı, can alınması değil,
B) Darwin, kuramını geliştirmesine rağmen, sebep olunan acıdır.
genlerle ilgili güvenilir herhangi bir kanıt yoktu.
B) İnsanlar, araştırmalarda kullanılan hayvanların
C) Genlerle ilgili kabul edilebilir herhangi bir kanıt çektiği acıdan çok, onların canının alınmasına
www.modadil.com
elde edilememiş olmasına rağmen, Darwin, karşı çıkarlar.

kuramını geliştirdi.
C) Araştırmalarda kullanılan hayvanların
D) Darwin, kuramını geliştirdiği sırada, genler için canlarıın alınmasından çok, insanları onların
sağlam hiçbir kanıt yoktu. acı çekmesi üzer.
E) Darwin’in kuramı, genler hakkında D) İnsanların araştırmalarda hayvanların
hiçbir kanıtın bulunmadığı bir donemde kullanılmasında karşı çıktıkları şey, onların
geliştirilmişti. canının acı çektirilerek alınmasıdır.
E) İnsanlar, araştırma amacıyla hayvanlar
kullanıldığında, hem onların canlarının
alınmasına hem de acı çekmelerine karşı
çıkarlar.
Test
1 5. The Austrian composer Haydn’s contributions 7. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people,
to classical music, especially in the domain who, during the second millennium B.C.,
of symphony, are of immense importance for founded an empire and for a time ruled over a
the influence they exercised upon Mozart and large part of the Middle East.
other composers.
A) Belli bir süre tüm Ortadoğu’yu yöneten Hititler,
A) Avusturyalı besteci Haydn’in klasik müziğe, MÖ ikinci bin yıl içinde imparatorluk haline
özellikle senfoni alanına katkıları, Mozart ve gelmiş eski bir Anadolu halkıydı.
diğer besteciler üzerine yaptığı etkilerden
dolayı çok büyük önem taşır. B) Eski bir Anadolu halkı olan Hititler, MÖ
ikinci bin yılda kurdukları imparatorlukla
B) Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerinde etkili olan Ortadoğu’nun büyük bir bölümünü çok uzun
Avusturyalı besteci Haydn’in klasik müziğe, süre yönetmiştir.
English-Turkish Translation
özellikle senfoni alanına yaptığı katkıları

oldukça önemlidir. C) MÖ ikinci bin yıl içinde imparatorluk kurmuş
olan Hititler, Ortadoğu’nun çok büyük bir
C) Klasik müziğe, özellikle senfoni türüne kesimini yönetmiş eski bir Anadolu halkıydı.
katkıları çok önemli olan Avusturyalı besteci
Haydn, Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerinde D) Eski bir Anadolu halkı olarak Hititler, MÖ
etkili olmuştur. ikinci bin yılda bir imparatorluk kurmuşlar ve
Ortadoğu’nun büyük bir bölümüne uzun süre
D) Özellikle senfoni türündeki klasik müziğe hükmetmişlerdir.
yaptığı katkıları büyük önem taşıyan
Avusturyalı besteci Haydn’in, Mozart ve diğer E) Hititler, MÖ ikinci bin yıl içinde bir imparatorluk
besteciler üzerindeki etkisi büyüktür. kurmuş ve bir süre Ortadoğu’nun büyük
bir bölümüne hükmetmiş eski bir Anadolu
146 E) Klasik müziğin özellikle senfoni dalına yaptığı
katkıları çok büyük önem taşıyan Avusturyalı
halkıydı.
besteci Haydn’in, Mozart ve diğer besteciler

üzerindeki etkisi kapsamlı olmuştur.
MODADİL
6. Thomas Gray, who was an eighteenth‑century 8. Pluto, which was discovered in 1930, has an
English poet, stressed that a certain measure orbit which is much more elliptical than the
of learning and a long acquaintance with the other planetary orbits.
good writers of the past were essential for the
writing of good poetry. A) Yörüngesi, diğer gezegenlerin yörüngelerine
kıyasla oldukça oval olan Plüton, 1930’da
A) İyi şiir yazmak için çok bilgili olmanın ve keşfedilmiştir.
geçmişin iyi yazarlarını tanımanın gerekli
olduğunu vurgulayan Thomas Gray, bir on B) Plüton 1930’da keşfedilmiş ve diğer
sekizinci yüzyıl İngiliz şairiydi. gezegenlerin yörüngelerinden biraz daha oval
bir yörüngede hareket ettiği anlaşılmıştır.
B) Bir on sekizinci yüzyıl İngiliz şairi olan
Thomas Gray, iyi şiir yazmak için, belli ölçüde C) 1930’da keşfedilen Plüton, diğer gezegen
www.modadil.com
bilginin ve geçmişin iyi yazarlarıyla uzun bir yörüngelerinden çok daha oval olan bir
tanışıklığın esas olduğunu vurgulamıştır. yörüngeye sahiptir.
C) Belli düzeyde bilginin ve geçmişin iyi şairlerini D) Plüton’un yörüngesinin diğer gezegenlerin
tanımanın, iyi şiir yazmanın temeli olduğunu yörüngelerinden daha oval olduğu, 1930’da
vurgulayanlardan biri de on sekizinci yüzyıl keşfedilmiştir.
İngiliz sairlerinden Thomas Gray’dir. E) Plüton 1930’da keşfedildiğinde, yörüngesinin
D) On sekizinci yüzyıl İngiliz şairi Thomas Gray, diğer gezegenlere göre daha oval olduğu
şiir yazmak için yeterli bilginin yanı sıra görülmüştür.
geçmişin iyi yazarlarını tanımanın da gerekli
olduğunu vurgulamıştır.
E) On sekizinci yüzyıl İngiliz şairi Thomas Gray,
iyi şiir yazmanın temelinde, yeterli ölçüde
bilgi ve geçmişin iyi yazarlarını iyi tanımanın
olduğunu vurgulamıştır.
Test
9. No certainty has yet been reached about the 11. From the 1960s onwards, there has been 1
meaning of the name “London”, but it was the an increasing interest in the West in books
Romans who almost certainly founded the city. written by and about women, and several
publishing firms have been set up to meet this
A) “Londra” adının anlamına ilişkin bir kesinliğe interest.
henüz ulaşılamamıştır, ancak şehri kuranlar,
hemen hemen kesinlikle Romalılardı. A) 1960’lardan itibaren Batı’da, kadınlar
tarafından ve kadınlar hakkında yazılan
B) “Londra” adının ne anlama geldiğine ilişkin kitaplara giderek artan bir ilgi olmuş ve bu
hiçbir kesinlik yoktur, ancak şehri Romalıların ilgiyi karşılamak için birçok yayın şirketi
kurmuş olduğu kesindir. kurulmuştur.
C) Londra’yı kuranların Romalılar olduğu hemen B) 1960’lardan sonra, kadınlar tarafından ve
hemen kesin ise de “Londra” adının anlamına kadınlar hakkında yazılan kitaplara aşırı bir
ilişkin bilgiler kesin değildir. ilgi oluşunca, ihtiyacı karşılamak için Batı’da
D) Londra’yı Romalıların kurmuş olduğu kesindir, pek çok yayın şirketi kurulmuştur.
fakat “Londra” adının ne anlama geldiği C) 1960’larda Batı’da kadınlar tarafından ve
hususunda kesin bir kanıta ulaşılamamıştır. kadınlar hakkında yazılan kitaplara ilgi
E) “Londra” adının anlamı hakkında kesin artınca, bunun sonucu çok sayıda yayın
kanıtlara ulaşılamamış olmasına rağmen, şirketi kurulmuştur.
şehrin Romalılar tarafından kurulmuş olduğu D) 1960’lardan sonra Batı’da kurulan çeşitli yayın
kesindir. şirketleri, kadınlar tarafından ve kadınlar
hakkında yazılan kitaplara giderek artan bir
ilgi göstermişlerdir.
E) Kadınlar hakkında ve kadınlar tarafından
147
yazılan kitapların giderek artan bir ilgi görmesi
üzerine, 1960’larda Batı’da çeşitli yayın
şirketleri kurulmuştur.
MODADİL
10. The Old English language, also called

Anglo‑Saxon, can only be read today by those 12. In antiquity, it was believed that the Amazons
who have made a special study of it. had their right breast removed in order to hold
a bow better.
A) Anglo‑Sakson adı verilen eski İngiliz dili,
bugün, özel öğrenim görmüş kişiler tarafından A) Eskiden de inanıldığı gibi, Amazonlar yayı
kolayca okunabilmektedir. çok daha etkili kullanmak için sağ göğüslerini
aldırıyorlardı.
B) Anglo‑Sakson adı da verilen İngiliz dili, bugün
sadece özel öğrenim görmüş çok az kişinin B) Eski çağlarda, Amazonların, iyi yay
okuyabildiği bir dil durumuna gelmiştir. kullanabilmek için sağ göğüslerini aldırdıkları
sanılıyor.
C) Ancak özel öğrenim görenlerin anlayabildiği
www.modadil.com
eski İngiliz diline, bugün Anglo‑Sakson da C) Eski çağda, Amazonların, yayı daha iyi tutmak
denilmektedir. için sağ göğüslerini aldırdıklarına inanılıyordu.
D) Bugün Anglo‑Sakson adı verilen eski İngiliz D) Eski çağlarda herkes, Amazonların, yayı daha
dilini okuyabilmek için, bu dilde özel öğrenim iyi çekmek için sağ göğüslerini aldırdıklarına
görmüş olmak gerekmektedir. inanıyordu.
E) Anglo‑Sakson adı da verilen eski İngiliz E) Eski çağda, sağ göğüslerini aldıran
dili, bugün sadece, bu dilin özel öğrenimini Amazonların yayı daha etkili kullandıklarına
görmüş olanlar tarafından okunabilmektedir. inanılıyordu.
Test
1 13. Poetry, which is as universal as language, 15. To prevent traffic accidents, one of the
has for centuries been written and read by all precautions suggested in many countries is to
kinds of people everywhere. increase the minimum age of driving to 21.
A) Şiir, yüzyıllar boyunca her yerde, her türlü A) Araba kullanma yaşının 21 ‘e yükseltilmesi,
insan tarafından yazıldığı ve okunduğu için dil trafik kazalarının azaltılması için birçok ülkede
kadar evrenseldir. alınan önlemlerden biridir.
B) Dil gibi şiir de o kadar evrenseldir ki her türlü B) Trafik kazalarını engellemenin yollarından biri
insan tarafından, her yerde yazılmış ve her olan araba kullanma yaşının en az 21 olması,
zaman okunmuştur. birçok ülkede taraftar bulmaktadır.
C) Dil kadar evrensel olan şiir, yüzyıllardır her C) Birçok ülkede, trafik kazalarına karşı
yerde, her türlü insan tarafından yazılmış ve alınması gereken önlemlerden birinin, araba
okunmuştur. kullanma yaşının 21’e yükseltilmesi olduğu
savunulmaktadır.
D) Yüzyıllardır dünyanın her yerinde ve
her toplumda yazılıp okunan şiir, dil gibi D) Trafik kazalarını önlemek için pek çok ülkede
evrenseldir. önerilen önlemlerden biri, araba kullanma
yaşının en az 21’e yükseltilmesidir.
E) Şiir de dil gibi yüzyıllar boyunca evrensel
kabul edilmiş, her yerde ve herkes tarafından E) Birçok ülkede, araba kullanma yaşının 21’e
yazılıp okunmuştur. yükseltilmesinin, trafik kazalarını önleme
yollarından biri olduğu kabul ediliyor.
148
MODADİL
16. The Amazon rainforest, which contains around

14. The parliaments of the member states of the 80 thousand different kinds of plants, is the
European Union agreed on the use of a single most biologically diverse place on Earth.
currency to be known as ‘the Euro’.
A) Yaklaşık 80 bin değişik tür bitkiyi içeren
A) ‘Euro’, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin, Amazon yağmur ormanları, biyolojik olarak
kullanımı üzerinde anlaştığı tek para birimi Dünya’da en fazla çeşitliliğe sahip olan yerdir.
olarak bilinmektedir.
B) Amazon yağmur ormanları, biyolojik çeşitlilik
B) ‘Euro’, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin açısından Dünya’nın en zengin bölgesi
parlamentolarının, kullanımı üzerinde olduğundan, değişik 80 bin tür bitkiyi içerir.
anlaşabildiği tek para birimidir.
C) Biyolojik olarak Dünya’da en fazla
C) Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin çeşitliliğe sahip bölge olan Amazon yağmur
parlamentoları, kullanacakları tek para ormanlarında, yaklaşık 80 bin değişik bitki
birimini ‘Euro’ olarak adlandırma konusunda çeşidi olduğu bilinmektedir.
anlaşmışlardır.
www.modadil.com
D) 80 bin değişik bitkinin bulunması nedeniyle

D) Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin Amazon yağmur ormanları Dünya’da biyolojik
parlamentoları, kullanımı üzerinde bakımdan en zengin yerdir.
uzlaştıkları tek para birimini ‘Euro’ olarak
adlandırmışlardır. E) Biyolojik bakımdan en fazla çeşitliliğe
sahip bölge olarak bilinen Amazon yağmur
E) Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin ormanları, Dünya’daki 80 bin değişik türdeki
parlamentoları, ‘Euro’ olarak bilinen tek bir bitkiyi barındırmaktadır.
para biriminin kullanımı üzerinde anlaştılar.
Test
17. Psychologists tell us that, unless we take 19. A great many inventions have been made 1
notes and review what we have learned, through history, but the invention of the
we forget over 80 per cent of what we have computer has probably been more influential
learned. on our way of life than any other.
A) Psikologlara göre, not tutar ve öğrendiklerimizi A) Tarih boyunca birçok buluş yapılmıştır; ancak,
tekrar gözden geçirirsek, bunların %80’inden bilgisayarın icadı, yaşam biçimimiz üzerinde
fazlasını unutmayız. muhtemelen diğerlerinden daha fazla etkili
olmuştur.
B) Psikologlar bize, not almadığımız ve
öğrendiklerimizi tekrar gözden geçirmediğimiz B) Tarihte birçok buluş yapılmıştır; ancak,
takdirde bunların %80’inden fazlasını bilgisayarın icadı, yaşamımızda çok büyük bir
unuttuğumuzu söylüyorlar. etki yapmıştır.
C) Psikologlar, öğrendiklerimizin %80’ini C) Tarih boyunca çok sayıda keşif vardır; ancak
unutmamamız için not almamız ve aslında, yaşam biçimimizi muhtemelen en
öğrendiklerimizi gözden geçirmemiz fazla etkileyen yenilik, bilgisayarın icadı
gerektiğini belirtiyorlar. olmuştur.
D) Psikologların söylediğine göre, biz D) Tarihte yapılmış olan buluşların sayısı çoktur;
öğrendiklerimizin %80’ini not etmez ve tekrar ancak, hiçbiri yaşam biçimimiz üzerinde
gözden geçirmezsek unutuyoruz. bilgisayarın icadı kadar etkili olmamıştır.
E) Psikologlar, bize öğrendiklerimizi not alsak E) Tarihte çeşitli buluşlar yapılmıştır; ancak,
ve tekrar gözden geçirsek bile %80’ini bilgisayarın icadının yaşam biçimimizi
unutacağımızı söylüyorlar. diğerlerinden çok daha fazla etkilediği
görülmüştür. 149
MODADİL
20. Young people need education in order to

18. Marine life is being photographed using acquire a good basis of knowledge on which
special cameras made to withstand the they can build their future.
pressure of the water.
A) Gençler iyi bir gelecek kurmak için ihtiyaç
A) Özellikle deniz yaşamının fotoğraflarını duydukları temel bilgileri eğitim yoluyla elde
çekmek için kullanılan kameralar, suyun ederler.
basıncına dayanıklıdır.
B) Gençlerin, geleceklerini üzerine kuracakları
B) Deniz yaşamının fotoğraflarını çekebilen, iyi bir bilgi temelini elde etmek için eğitime
suyun basıncına dayanıklı özel kameralar ihtiyaçları vardır.
yapılmıştır.
C) Gençlerin geleceklerinin temeli, ihtiyaç
C) Deniz yaşamının fotoğrafları, suyun basıncına
www.modadil.com
duydukları bilgileri kazandıran iyi bir eğitimle

dayanacak biçimde yapılmış olan özel atılır.
kameralar kullanılarak çekilmektedir.
D) İhtiyaç duydukları temel bilgilere sahip olmak
D) Suyun basıncına dayanabilen kameraların için eğitim alan geniler, geleceklerini bu temel
yapılması, deniz yaşamının fotoğraflarının üzerine kurabilirler.
çekilmesini sağlamıştır.
E) Eğitim, gençlerin geleceklerini üzerine
E) Deniz yaşamının fotoğrafları çekilirken, kuracakları temel bilgileri elde edebilmeleri
basınca dayanıklı özel kameralar için gereklidir.
kullanılmaktadır.
Test
1 21. Kenya, a country famous for its safaris and 23. In exploring the seas for oil, geologists
coffee, is situated on the east coast of Africa. primarily search for the salt domes under
which vast oil fields are likely to lie.
A) Safarileri ve kahvesiyle bilinen ve bir Afrika
ülkesi olan Kenya, kıtanın doğu kıyısında yer A) Petrol bulmak için denizleri tarayan jeologlar,
alır. her şeyden önce, altında çok geniş petrol
alanlarının uzayıp gittiği tuz tepeciklerini
B) Afrika’nın doğu kıyısında yer alan Kenya, hem incelerler.
safarileri hem de kahvesiyle ünlü bir ülkedir.
B) Denizlerde petrol arayan jeologlar, her
C) Safarileri ve kahvesiyle ünlü bir ülke olan şeyden önce, altında geniş petrol yataklarının
Kenya, Afrika’nın doğu kıyısında yer alır. uzandığı sanılan tuz tepeciklerini araştırırlar.
D) Kenya, safarileri ve kahvesiyle tanınan
C) Jeologlar, denizlerde yaptıkları petrol arama

bir ülke olarak Afrika’nın doğu kıyısında çalışmalarında, öncelikle, altında çok geniş
bulunmaktadır. petrol yataklarının bulunduğu tuz tepeciklerine
E) Afrika’nın doğu kıyısında bulunan Kenya, yönelirler.
safarileri ve kahvesiyle ünlü bir ülke olarak D) Altında çok geniş petrol yataklarının
bilinmektedir. bulunduğu tahmin edilen tuz tepecikleri,
denizlerde petrol arayan jeologların öncelikle
araştırdığı alanlardır.
E) Jeologlar, petrol için denizleri araştırırken,
öncelikle, altında muhtemelen geniş petrol
alanlarının uzandığı tuz tepeciklerini ararlar.
150
MODADİL
22. The Suez Canal, which connects the 24. In her short stories that are set in the Southern
Mediterranean and the Red Sea, was designed states at about the turn of the century,
and built by the French engineer De Lesseps. Katherine Anne Porter describes a way of life
that is gone.
A) Akdeniz ile Kızıl Deniz’i birleştiren Süveyş
Kanalı, Fransız mühendis De Lesseps A) Katherine Anne Porter, Güney eyaletleri ile
tarafından tasarlanmış ve inşa edilmiştir. ilgili kısa öykülerinde, yüzyılın başlarında
geçen bir yasamdan söz eder.
B) Fransız mühendis De Lesseps’in tasarlamış
ve inşa etmiş olduğu Süveyş Kanalı, Akdeniz B) Katherine Anne Porter, yüzyılın başlarında
ile Kızıl Deniz’i birleştirir. Güney eyaletlerinde geçen kısa öykülerinde,
kaybolmuş bir yaşam biçimini anlatır.
C) Süveyş Kanalı’nı tasarlayıp inşa eden Fransız
mühendis De Lesseps, Akdeniz ile Kızıl C) Katherine Anne Porter, Güney eyaletleri
Deniz’i birleştirmeyi amaçlamıştır. ile ilgili kısa öykülerinde, yüzyılın başlarına
dayanan bir yaşam biçimini tasvir eder.
www.modadil.com
D) Süveyş Kanalı’nın Fransız mühendis

De Lesseps tarafından tasarlanıp inşa D) Katherine Anne Poster’in kısa öykülerinde
edilmesiyle, Akdeniz’in Kızıl Deniz ile tasvir edilen yaşam, yüzyılın başlarında
birleşmesi sağlanmıştır. Güney eyaletlerinde geçer.
E) Akdeniz ile Kızıl Deniz’in birleşmesi, Fransız E) Yüzyılın başlarında Güney eyaletlerinde
mühendis De Lesseps’in Süveyş Kanalı’nı geçen yaşam biçimi, Katherine Anne Poster’in
tasarlayıp inşa etmesiyle olmuştur. kısa öykülerinde anlatılmaktadır.
Test
25. Cancer of the throat is more likely to occur in 27. It is estimated that over half a billion people 1
heavy smokers than in non‑smokers. consume insufficient calories to maintain
normal growth and health.
A) Gırtlak kanseri, sigara içenlerde, sigara
içmeyenlere göre daha çok ortaya A) Yarım milyar kadar kişinin, sağlıklı gelişimini
çıkmaktadır. sürdürürken, yetersiz kalori kullandığı
belirlenmiştir.
B) Sigara içmeyenlerin, sigara içenler kadar
gırtlak kanserine yakalanma olasılığı her B) Yarım milyara yakın insanın, normal gelişimini
zaman vardır. devam ettirirken, yetersiz kalori harcadığı
varsayılmaktadır.
C) Gırtlak kanserinin sigara tiryakilerinde ortaya
çıkması, sigara içmeyenlere göre daha fazla C) Yarım milyar kişinin, normal gelişimini ve
muhtemeldir. sağlığını sürdürürken, yetersiz kalori aldığı
bildirilmiştir.
D) Sigara tiryakilerinin gırtlak kanserine
yakalanma ihtimalinin, sigara içmeyenlere D) Yarım milyardan fazla insanın, normal
göre daha çok olduğu bilinmektedir. gelişimini ve sağlığını sürdürmek için yetersiz
kalori tükettiği tahmin edilmektedir.
E) Gırtlak kanserinin sigara tiryakilerinde
görülme oranı, sigara içmeyenlere göre çok E) Yaklaşık yarım milyar insanın, normal gelişimi
daha yüksektir. ve sağlığı için yetersiz kalori harcadığı
belirlenmiştir.
151
MODADİL
28. Under the burning sun of the Mediterranean

26. Don Quixote, one of the greatest classics of basin, the ancient Greeks, Romans and
European literature, is still appreciated by the Egyptians harvested salt through evaporation
present day reader due to its rich narrative from the sea, on a scale sufficient for their
style. daily needs.
A) Avrupa edebiyatının en büyük klasiklerinden A) Akdeniz bölgesinin yakıcı güneşi altında,
biri olan Don Kişot, zengin anlatım tarzı eski Yunanlılar, Romalılar ve Mısırlılar,
sayesinde günümüz okuyucusu tarafından günlük gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla
hâla takdir edilmektedir. buharlaştırma yöntemiyle denizden tuz
B) Klasik Avrupa edebiyatının en büyük üretiyorlardı.
eserlerinden biri olan Don Kişot, zengin B) Eski Yunanlılar, Romalılar ve Mısırlılar,
anlatımıyla günümüz okurundan da takdir Akdeniz havzasının kızgın güneşi altında,
görmektedir. denizden buharlaştırma yoluyla, günlük
C) Avrupa edebiyatının en büyük klasiklerinden gereksinimleri için yeterli ölçüde tuz elde
Don Kişot, zengin anlatım tarzıyla tüm ediyorlardı.
www.modadil.com
okuyucuların ilgisini çekmektedir. C) Eski Yunanlılar, Romalılar ve Mısırlılar’ın,

D) Zengin anlatım tarzıyla Avrupa edebiyatının günlük gereksinimlerini karşılamak için,
en büyük klasiklerden biri olan Don Kişot, Akdeniz bölgesinin yakıcı güneşi altında,
günümüz okuyucusu tarafından hâla sevilerek buharlaştırma yoluyla denizden tuz ürettikleri
okunmaktadır. bilinmektedir.
E) Zengin anlatım tarzı okuyucular tarafından D) Günlük gereksinimlerini karşılamak için eski
takdir edilen Don Kişot, Avrupa edebiyatının Yunanlılar, Romalılar ve Mısırlılar, Akdeniz’in
en büyük klasiklerinden biridir. kızgın güneşi altında, buharlaştırma
yöntemiyle, denizden yeterince tuz elde
edebiliyorlardı.
E) Akdeniz havzasının yakıcı güneşi altında,
günlük tuz gereksinimlerini karşılamak
için eski Yunanlılar, Romalılar ve Mısırlılar
buharlaştırma yöntemini kullanmışlardır.
Test
1 29. Robert Boyle, who was a leading English 30. One reason why supercomputers can achieve
scientist in the seventeenth century, had a such high speeds is that they can do several
great influence on the development of science calculations simultaneously.
in Europe.
A) Süper bilgisayarların bu kadar yüksek hıza
A) Ünlü İngiliz bilim adamı Robert Boyle, ulaşabilmelerinin bir nedeni, birkaç işlemi aynı
on yedinci yüzyılda Avrupa’da bilimsel anda yapabilmeleridir.
araştırmaların başlamasına önemli katkıda
bulunmuştur. B) Süper bilgisayarlardan bu kadar çok işlemi
kısa sürede yapmalarının bir nedeni, çok hızlı
B) On yedinci yüzyılda önde gelen bir İngiliz bilim çalışmalarıdır.
adamı olan Robert Boyle’un Avrupa’da bilimin
gelişmesinde büyük bir etkisi olmuştur. C) Aynı anda birkaç işlem yapabilmeleri için
süper bilgisayarların çok yüksek bir hızla

C) On yedinci yüzyıl İngiltere’sinin en ünlü bilim çalışmaları sağlanmıştır.
adamı olan Robert Boyle, Avrupa’daki bilimsel
çalışmalar üzerinde çok etkili olmuştur. D) Süper bilgisayarların çok tercih edilmesinin bir
nedeni, çok farklı işlemleri aynı anda yapma
D) Avrupa’daki bilimsel çalışmalara büyük özelliğine sahip olmalarıdır.
katkıları olan Robert Boyle, on yedinci
yüzyılda İngiltere’de çok ünlü bir bilim E) Bu kadar yüksek bir hızla süper bilgisayar
adamıydı. üretilmesinin nedenlerinden biri, aynı anda
yapılabilen işlemlerin artmış olmasıdır.
E) Avrupa’da bilimin gelişmesine katkıda bulunan
on yedinci yüzyılda önde gelen İngiliz bilim
adamlarından biri de Robert Boyle’du.
152
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
3. The drawback to intelsat, however, is that it
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye is large and unwieldy and gives developing
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. nations only limited options for service.
1. The evidence suggests that the boom in A) Gelişmekte olan ülkelere yalnızca sınırlı bir
home computers, which has been helping the hizmet sunan Intelsat’ın yine de bir olumlu
industry’s growth for the last two years, may yanı, büyük ve uzun ömürlü olmasıdır.
be slowing down. B) Intelsat’ın dikkat çeken bir başka özelliği,
A) Kanıtlar yetersiz olmakla birlikte, ev gelişmekte olan ülkelere sadece sınırlı hizmet
bilgisayarlarında talebin durması, son iki sunabilmekle birlikte, büyük ve uzun ömürlü
yıldır sanayide görülen büyümeyi yavaşlatmış olmasıdır.
olabilir. C) Ancak, Intelsat’ın ilginç bir özelliği büyük fakat
B) Verilerden anlaşıldığı kadarıyla, son iki dar kapasiteli olması ve yalnızca gelişmekte
yılda sanayinin büyümesiyle birlikte ev olan ülkelere sınırlı yarar sağlamasıdır.
bilgisayarlarındaki azalış yavaşlıyor gibi. D) İri ve kullanışsız olan Intelsat, bu kusuruna
C) Kanıtlardan görüldüğü gibi, ev bilgisayarları rağmen gelişmekte olan ülkelere sınırlı da
talebindeki artışta ortaya çıkan yavaşlama olsa hizmet sunabilmektedir.
sanayinin büyümesini etkiliyor. E) Ancak Intelsat’ın olumsuz yanı, iri ve hantal
D) Kanıtlar, son iki yıldır sanayinin büyümesini olması ve gelişmekte olan ülkelere sadece 153
sağlayan ev bilgisayarlarındaki patlamanın sınırlı hizmet seçenekleri sunmasıdır.
durulmakta olabileceğini gösteriyor.
E) Kanıtlar açıkça gösteriyor ki sanayinin son
iki yıllık büyümesi ev bilgisayarlarındaki
patlamanın etkisine rağmen yavaşlıyor.
MODADİL
2. There is so much protective legislation around 4. Lack of capital of its own cannot prevent a
nowadays, that we assume that if something is thrifty and productive society from generating
permitted it must be safe. and attracting all the capital it needs.
A) Bugünlerde, koruyucu yasaların çokluğundan, A) Kendi çabasıyla sermaye yaratamasa da,
ne olur ne olmaz diye ancak izin verilen tutumlu ve üretken bir toplumun, ihtiyacı olan
şeyleri yapmamız gerektiğini düşünüyoruz. sermayeyi bulması engellenemez.
B) Bugünlerde, her yerde o kadar çok kural ve B) Kendi sermayesinin olmaması, tutumlu ve
yasa var ki artış yapacağımız her iş için izin üretken bir toplumu gerek duyduğu tüm
www.modadil.com
alınması gerekli diye düşünür olduk. sermayeyi yaratmaktan ve çekmekten

alıkoyamaz.
C) Bugünlerde o kadar çok koruyucu yasa var
ki eğer bir şeye izin verilmişse onun güvenilir C) Kendi sermayesi yetersiz bile olsa, çalışkan
olması gerektiğini düşünüyoruz. ve üretken bir toplumun istediği sermayeyi
üretmesi ve çekmesi engellenemez.
D) Bugünlerde yasaların koruyuculuğuna o kadar
inanıyoruz ki yapılmasına izin verilen şeylerin D) Girişimci ve üretken bir toplum için, sermaye
güvenilir olduğunu varsayıyoruz. yetersizliği, kendi çabasıyla sermaye
yaratmasını ve işletmesini engelleyemez.
E) Bugünlerde o kadar çok ağır kural var ki
herhangi bir şeye izin verilmişse herhalde E) Kendi sermayesinin olmaması, gelişmiş
güvenilir olmalı diye tahmin ediyoruz. ve üretken bir toplumun, ihtiyacı olan tüm
sermayeyi bulmasına ve yaratmasına engel
sayılmaz.
Test
2 5. It was emphasized that industry does not put 7. Their grasp of advanced masonry allowed
enough of its resources into research and them to build secure fortresses and posting
development, preferring instead “industry stations out of these natural battlements.
transfer” which is believed to be guaranteed
and easier. A) İleri taşçılık bilgileri onlara bu doğal
siperlerden güvenli kaleler ve karakollar inşa
A) Sanayinin araştırma ve geliştirmeye yeterince etme imkanı verdi.
kaynak ayıramadığı ve bu yüzden, daha
kolay ve garantili bir yol olan dışardan “sanayi B) Duvarcılık bilgileri geliştikten sonra kendilerini
transferi” üzerinde durulması gerektiği korumak için bu doğal surlardan hisarlar ve
vurgulandı. ileri karakollar yapma imkanı buldular.
B) Anlaşıldığı gibi, sanayi, araştırma ve C) Uzmanlaşmış duvarcı ustaları sayesinde

geliştirmeyi yeterince benimsemiyor ve bunun kendilerine bu doğal siperler yerine güvenli

yerine, daha garantili ve kolay olduğuna kaleler ve karakollar yapabilmeyi başardılar.
inandığı “sanayi transferi”ni tercih ediyor. D) Duvarcı ustalığının inceliklerini kavradıkça bu
C) Sanayide araştırma ve geliştirmenin yeterince doğal korunaklara sığınmayı bırakıp sağlam
yararlı olmadığı ve bunun yerine, “sanayi kaleler ve karakollar inşa ettiler.
transferi”nin daha garantili ve kolay olacağına E) Bu doğal sığınakları bırakarak sağlam kaleler
inanıldığı belirtildi. ve karakollar inşa etmeleri, taşçılıktaki
D) Sanayinin araştırma ve geliştirmeye yeteri bilgilerini geliştirmeleri sayesinde oldu.
kadar kaynak ayırmadığı; bunun yerine, daha
garantili ve kolay olacağına inanılan “sanayi
transferi”ni tercih ettiği vurgulandı.
154 E) “Sanayi transferi”nin daha garantili ve kolay
olduğuna inananlar tarafından, sanayinin
araştırma ve geliştirmeye kaynak aktarmada
yetersiz kaldığı vurgulandı.
MODADİL
6. It has bound the European nations together, 8. To improve the lot of these countries, Landes
making war between them unthinkable while maintains economists must take into account
allowing individual countries to maintain their factors that cannot be measured.
own peculiarities. A) Landes, bu ülkelerin geleceğini değiştirmek
A) Avrupa ülkelerinin bir araya gelmesiyle için, ekonomistlerin ölçülemez faktörleri
beraber, hem hepsi tek tek kendi egemenliğini de hesaba katmalarının zorunlu olduğunu
korumuş hem de aralarında savaş çıkması belirtiyor.
düşünülemez hale gelmiştir. B) Landes’e göre, bu ülkelerin çoğunun
B) Avrupa birliğinin gerçekleşmesinden sonra gelişmesi, ekonomistlerin ölçülemez faktörleri
Avrupa ülkeleri arasında savaş düşünülemez en aza indirmelerine bağlı.
hale gelmiş, aynı zamanda, ülkelerin ayrı C) Landes, bu ülkelerin gelişmesinin büyük
ayrı kendi özelliklerini korumaları da mümkün ölçüde sayılamaz faktörlerin ekonomistlerce
olmuştur. hesaba katılmasına bağlı olduğunu belirtiyor.
www.modadil.com
C) Avrupa ülkelerini birbirine bağlamış, ülkelerin D) Landes’in belirttiği gibi, bu ülkelerin çoğunda
ayrı ayrı kendi özelliklerini korumalarına gelişme sağlanması için, sayılamaz faktörlerin
olanak sağlarken bunlar arasında savaşı ekonomistlerce dikkate alınması zorunlu.
düşünülemez hale getirmiştir.
E) Landes, bu ülkelerin kaderini düzeltmek için,
D) Avrupa ülkeleri arasında birliğin ekonomistlerin ölçülemez faktörleri hesaba
gerçekleşmesi, bu ülkeleri birbirine bağlayarak katmaları gerektiğini savunuyor.
savaş olasılığını ortadan kaldırmanın yanında,
her birinin kendi egemenliğini korumasına da
olanak tanımıştır.
E) Bir yandan Avrupa ülkeleri arasında iletişim
kurulmasını sağlayarak savaş düşüncesinin
ortadan kalkmasını sağlarken, öte yandan her
ülkenin kendi özelliğini korumasını mümkün
kılmıştır.
Test
9. For all their good intentions, journalists have 11. Of all the great changes in the history of the 2
assumed a role that is not only beyond their world, none has been more dramatic and
abilities but also destructive in essence. faster than the end of colonialism.
A) Tüm iyi niyetleri karşılığında gazetecilerin A) Dünya tarihinde görülen diğer büyük
ödülü yalnızca becerilerini aşmakla kalmayan, değişimler, sömürgeciliğin kaldırılması kadar
aynı zamanda özünde kendileri için zararlı çarpıcı ve etkileyici değildir.
olan görevler üstlenmek olmuştur.
B) Dünya tarihindeki tüm büyük değişimlerden
B) Olanca iyi niyetleriyle gazeteciler hem hiçbiri, sömürgeciliğin sona ermesinden daha
becerilerinin ötesinde hem de temelde yıkıcı çarpıcı ve daha hızlı olmamıştır.
olan bir rolü üstlenmek zorunda kalmışlardır.
C) Dünya tarihinde, sömürgeciliğin sona
C) Ne kadar iyi niyetli olsalar bile, gazetecilerin ermesinden daha çarpıcı ve daha önemli
üstlendikleri rol becerilerini aşmakla başka hiçbir büyük değişim yoktur.
kalmamış, sonuçta onlar için yıkıcı olmuştur.
D) Dünya tarihini incelediğimizde görüyoruz ki
D) Tüm iyi niyetlerine rağmen gazeteciler sömürgeciliğe son verilmesinden daha çarpıcı
yalnızca becerilerini aşmakla kalmayan, ve daha güç başka hiç bir değişim yoktur.
aynı zamanda özünde yıkıcı olan bir rol
üstlenmişlerdir. E) Dünya tarihindeki büyük değişiklikler içinde
hiçbiri, sömürgeciliğin kaldırılması kadar
E) İyi niyetli çabalarına karşılık gazetecilerin çarpıcı ve kapsamlı değildir.
üstlendikleri rol hem becerilerinin üstündedir
hem de esas olarak yıkıcıdır.
155
MODADİL
10. In establishing our trade network in Africa we 12. There have been many instances in history
must always remember that it is not only a in which armies with lots of soldiers were
vast continent but also an enormous mixture defeated by ordinary people defending their
of tribes and cultures. countries.
A) Afrika’nın kabileler ve kültürler karışımı geniş A) Tarihte, çok sayıda askeri bulunan orduların,
bir kıta olmasının, kurulmakta olan ticaret ülkelerin savunan sıradan insanlar tarafından
ağımızdaki önemini daima bilmeliyiz. bozguna uğratıldığı pek çok örnek vardır.
B) Ticaret ağımızı kurmakta olduğumuz B) Tarih, sıradan insanların, ülkelerini korumak

Afrika’nın hem çok geniş bir kıta hem de için çok sayıda askeri bulunan orduları çoğu
kabilelerin ve kültürlerin oluşturduğu karmaşık kez yenilgiye uğrattığını yazmaktadır.
bir bölge olduğunu her zaman hatırlayalım. C) Pek çok tarihi olayda, ülkelerini savunan
C) Afrika’daki ticaret ağımızı kurarken, burasının sıradan insanlar çok sayıda askeri bulunan
orduları yenilgiye uğratmıştır.
www.modadil.com
sadece geniş bir kıta olmadığını fakat aynı

zamanda muazzam bir kabileler ve kültürler D) Ülkelerini koruyan sıradan insanlar, tarihte
karışımı olduğunu daima hatırlamamız pek çok kez kalabalık orduları yenilgiye
gerekir. uğratmayı başarmışlardır.
D) Afrika’da ağımızı kurabilmek için bu kıtanın E) Tarihte, sıradan insanların ülkelerini
sadece büyük olduğunu değil fakat aynı savunmak için çok sayıda askeri bulunan
zamanda bir kabileler ve kültürler bileşimi orduları bile bozguna uğrattığı zamanlar
olduğunu da hatırlamalıyız. olmuştur.
E) Afrika’daki ticaret ağımızı kurunca, burasının
çeşitli kabile ve kültürlerden oluşan çok geniş
bir kıta olduğunu her zaman hatırlamak
zorundayız.
Test
2 13. Like President Carter before him, Reagen 15. One must remember that, despite the great
discovered by the end of his first year prosperity of the people, Canada’s principal
of Presidency that eliminating, or even political problem remains the relationship
substantially reducing the budget deficit was between her English and French speaking
exceedingly difficult. communities.
A) Reagen, kendinden önce gelen Başkan A) Halkın büyük refahına rağmen, İngilizce ve
Carter gibi, bütçe açığını en aza indirmek için Fransızca konuşan toplulukların arasındaki
çok çaba harcaması gerektiğini başkanlığının ilişkinin, Kanada’nın başlıca siyasal sorunu
ilk yılının sonunda gördü. olarak durduğu hatırlanmalıdır.
B) Bütçe açığını kapatmanın ya da büyük ölçüde B) İngilizce ve Fransızca konuşan toplulukları
azaltmanın zorluğunu, Reagen kendinden büyük refah içinde olsalar bile, bunların
önceki Başkan Carter gibi başkanlığının daha birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerinin Kanada’nın
ilk yılında hemen anladı. temel siyasal sorunu olduğu göz önünde
bulundurulmalıdır.
C) Başkan Carter gibi Reagen da başkanlığının
ilk yılında bütçe açığını ortadan kaldırmanın C) Halkı büyük refah içinde olan Kanada’nın
veya azaltmanın mümkün olmadığını itiraf etti. başlıca siyasal sorununun, İngilizce
ve Fransızca konuşan toplulukların
D) Bütçe açığını kapatmak veya en aza indirmek arasındaki ilişkiye dayandığı hiç bir zaman
için Reagen, Başkan Carter gibi çok zorlu unutulmamalıdır.
bir çalışmaya girmenin gerekli olduğunu
başkanlığının ilk yılında anladı. D) Bugün Kanada’nın en önemli siyasal
sorununun, büyük refah içinde yaşayan,
E) Kendinden önceki Başkan Carter gibi Reagen İngilizce ve Fransızca konuşan topluluklar
156 da bütçe açığını ortadan kaldırmanın, hatta
önemli ölçüde azaltmanın bile çok zor
arasındaki ilişkiler olduğu bilinmektedir.
olduğunu başkanlığının ilk yılının sonunda E) Şu bilinmelidir ki büyük bir refah içinde
anladı. yaşayan İngiliz ve Fransız toplulukları
arasındaki ilişki, bugün Kanada’nın en başta
gelen siyasal sorunudur.
MODADİL
14. Not until the end of the 16th century did anyone 16. When Thatcher came to power in 1979, she
think of combining drama and music, and so immediately curtailed the freedom of local
invent the new art we know today as “opera”. authorities to determine their own levels of
A) 16. yüzyılın sonundan itibaren herkes tiyatro spending.
ile müziği birleştirerek o gün için yeni bir sanat A) Thatcher 1979’da iktidara gelir gelmez, yerel
olan “opera”yı yaratmayı düşünüyordu. yönetimlerin harcama özgürlüğünü tamamen
B) 16. yüzyılın sonlarında hiç kimse tiyatro ile ortadan kaldırmaya karar verdi.
müziği kaynaştırarak yeni bir sanat olan B) Thatcher 1979’da iktidara geldiğinde, yerel
“opera”yı yaratmayı düşünmüyordu. yönetimlerin kendi harcama düzeylerini
www.modadil.com
C) 16. yüzyılın sonuna kadar hiç kimse tiyatro ile belirleme özgürlüğünü derhal kaldırdı.
müziği birleştirmeyi ve böylece, bugün “opera” C) Yerel yönetimlerin kendi harcama düzeylerini
olarak bildiğimiz yeni sanatı icat etmeyi belirleme özgürlüğü, Thatcher’in 1979’da
düşünmedi. iktidara gelmesiyle son buldu.
D) Müzikle tiyatronun kaynaşması sonucu ortaya D) 1979 yılında iktidara gelen Thatcher, yerel
çıkan “opera”yı hiç kimse 16. yüzyılın sonuna yönetimlerin kendi harcamalarını belirleme
kadar bir sanat olarak nitelendirmedi. özgürlüğünü hemen kaldırdı.
E) 16. yüzyıldan önce hiç kimse tiyatro ile E) Thatcher, 1979’da iktidara gelince ilk işi
müziğin birleşebileceğine ve bugün “opera” yerel yönetimlerin kendi bütçelerini belirleme
adı verilen yeni bir sanatın doğabileceğini özgürlüğünü kısıtlamak oldu.
tahmin etmiyordu.
Test
17. As mentioned in the introductory part of the 19. Today thousands of meteorological 2
report, New Caledonia, annexed by France observation stations are in operation all over
in 1853, comprises New Caledonia itself and the world and supply us with estimates of
various other islands in the south Pacific. various atmospheric situations.
A) Raporun giriş bölümünden de anlayacağınız A) Bugün binlerce hava gözlem istasyonu tüm
gibi, Güney Pasifik’teki çeşitli adalardan dünya üzerinde faaliyet göstermekte ve bize
oluşan Yeni Kaledonya, 1853 yılında Fransa çeşitli atmosfer durumları ile ilgili tahminleri
tarafından ilhak edilmiştir. sağlamaktadır.
B) Yeni Kaledonya’nın Fransa tarafından ilhak B) Bugün dünya üzerindeki binlerce hava gözlem
edildiği ve Güney Pasifik’teki pek çok adadan istasyonu atmosfer durumları ile ilgili bilgileri
oluştuğu, 1853’te yazılmış bir raporun giriş bize eksiksiz olarak sunmaktadır.
bölümünde belirtilmiştir.
C) Dünya üzerindeki binlerce hava gözlem
C) Yeni Kaledonya ve Güney Pasifik’teki istasyonundan atmosfer durumları ile ilgili
diğer bazı adaların 1853’te ilhak edildiği, günlük tahminleri elde edebilirsiniz.
Fransızlara ait bir raporun giriş bölümünde
vurgulanmıştır. D) Günümüzde, atmosfer olayları ile ilgili tüm
gelişmeler, yeryüzünde faaliyet gösteren
D) Raporun giriş bölümünde belirtildiği gibi, binlerce hava gözlem istasyonu tarafından
1853’te Fransa tarafından ilhak edilen Yeni takip edilmektedir.
Kaledonya, Yeni Kaledonya’nın kendisinden
ve Güney Pasifik’teki çeşitli diğer adalardan E) Günümüzde, atmosferde yer alan pek çok
oluşur. olayı yeryüzünde faaliyet gösteren binlerce
hava gözlem istasyonunun çalışmaları
E) 1853’te ilhak edilen Yeni Kaledonya’nın,
Güney Pasifik’teki irili ufaklı pek çok adadan
sayesinde öğreniyoruz. 157
ve Yeni Kaledonya’nın kendisinden oluştuğu,
ilk olarak bu raporda yayımlanmıştır.
MODADİL
18. The Nobel Foundation was established at the 20. On the surface of Mars, the fourth nearest
beginning of the century to put into effect the planet to the sun, one sees vast plains which
wishes expressed by Alfred Nobel in his will. have been subject to excessive rain over
A) Yüzyılın başında kurulan Nobel Vakfı’nın hundreds of millions of years.
amacı, Alfred Nobel’in vasiyetnamesindeki A) Mars, Güneş’e en yakın dördüncü gezegen
dileklerini hayata geçirmekti. olmasına rağmen, yüzeyinde, yüz milyonlarca
B) Alfred Nobel’in vasiyetnamesinde belirttiği yıl büyük yağışlar almış çok büyük ovalar
hedeflere ulaşmak için yüzyılın başlarında göze çarpmaktadır.
Nobel Vakfı kurulmuştu. B) Yüzeyinde, yüz milyonlarca yıl büyük sel
www.modadil.com
C) Nobel Vakfı, Alfred Nobel tarafından baskınlarına maruz kalmış ovaları olan Mars,
vasiyetnamesinde ifade edilen dilekleri hayata Güneş’e en yakın dördüncü gezegendir.
geçirmek için yüzyılın başında kuruldu. C) Mars, Güneş’e en yakın dördüncü gezegen
D) Alfred Nobel tarafından hazırlanan olmasına rağmen, yüzeyindeki çok geniş
vasiyetnamedeki dilekleri gerçekleştirebilmek ovalar yüz milyonlarca yıl şiddetli yağmurlara
amacıyla, yüzyılın başında Nobel Vakfı’nın maruz kalmıştır.
kurulması sağlanmıştır. D) Güneşe en yakın dördüncü gezegen Mars’ın
E) Nobel Vakfı’nın kuruluş amacı, Alfred Nobel yüzeyinde, yüz milyonlarca yıl aşırı yağmura
tarafından yüzyılın başında kaleme alınan maruz kalmış geniş ovalar görülmektedir.
vasiyeti hayata geçirmektir. E) Güneş’e en yakın dördüncü gezegen olan
Mars’ın yüzeyi, yüz milyonlarca yıl aşırı
yağmura maruz kalmış sınırsız ovalardan
oluşmaktadır.
Test
2 21. To protect its own fisheries, Canada has taken 23. It seems likely that the recession in the wool
a tougher line with foreign vessels fishing its textile industry will continue throughout the
coasts. year and that many mills may be permanently
closed.
A) Kanada, kendi balıkçılığını geliştirebilmek için,
kıyılarında avlanan yabancı teknelere karşı A) Görünüşe bakılırsa, yünlü dokuma
önlemlerini arttırmıştır. sanayisindeki gerileme yıl içinde de sürecek
ve bazı fabrikalar tamamen kapanacaktır.
B) Kanada, kendi balıkçılık bölgelerini kurtarmak
amacıyla, kıyılarında avlanan yabancı B) Yünlü dokuma sanayisinde bütün yıl boyunca
teknelere karşı sert mücadeleye girişmiştir. devam eden bunalım sonucu çoğu fabrikanın
süresiz olarak kapanması kaçınılmaz
C) Kanada, kendi balıkçılığını güçlendirmek için, görünüyor.
kıyılarına yaklaşan yabancı balıkçı teknelerine

karşı sert önlemler almıştır. C) Yünlü dokuma sanayisinde yıl içinde bir
durgunluk görüleceği ve pek çok fabrikanın
D) Kanada, kendi balık alanlarını korumak için, tamamen kapanacağı kesindir.
kıyılarında balık avlayan yabancı teknelere
karşı daha sert bir tavır almıştır. D) Yünlü dokuma sanayisindeki durgunluğun
yıl boyunca süreceği ve pek çok fabrikanın
E) Kanada, kendi balık alanlarını iyileştirmek süresiz kapanabileceği olası görünüyor.
için, sert önlemler alarak kıyılarında yabancı
teknelerin avlanmasını engellemiştir. E) Çoğu fabrikanın süresiz kapanmasına
neden olabilecek durgunluk, yünlü dokuma
sanayisinde yıl boyunca devam edecek gibi
tahmin ediliyor.
158
MODADİL
22. In his statement, he did not conceal the fact 24. What we really expect to find in a work of art
that Serbia’s hardline attitude had led to the is a certain personal element and a distinctive
breakdown of the talks. sensibility.
A) Demecinde, Sırbistan’ın katı tutumunun A) Bir sanat eserinde bulunmasını istediğimiz
görüşmelerin kesilmesine yol açtığı gerçeğini şeyler aslında belirli bir kişisel nitelik ile
saklamadı. kendine özgü bir duyarlılıktır.
B) Yaptığı açıklamada, görüşmelerin B) Belirli bir kişisel anlatım ve farklı bir duyarlılık,
kesilmesinde Sırbistan’ın uzlaşmaz bir sanat eserinde gerçekten bulunması
tutumunun etkili olduğu gerçeğini belirtmedi. istenen niteliklerdir.
C) Konuşmasında, Sırbistan’ın olumsuz tavrı C) Gerçekten bir sanat eserinde bulmayı
sonucu görüşmelerin kesildiği gerçeğini umduğumuz şey, belirli bir kişisel öğe ve
www.modadil.com
belirtmekten kaçınmadı. belirgin bir duyarlılıktır.

D) Görüşmelerin kesilmesine, Sırbistan’ın D) Çarpıcı bir duyarlılık ve belirli bir kişisel boyut,
uzlaşmaz tavrının neden olduğu gerçeğini bir sanat eserinde esas olarak bulunmasını
belirtmekten çekinmedi. istediğimiz şeylerdir.
E) Sırbistan’ın katı tutumu nedeniyle E) Belirli bir kişisel özelliğin ve etkileyici bir
görüşmelerin kesildiğini açıkça belirtmekten duyarlılığın, bir sanat eserinde bulunmasını
çekinmedi. gerçekten arzuluyoruz.
Test
25. It was pointed out that the company, which 27. The committee unanimously rejected a 2
had been on the verge of bankruptcy, got over proposal to divide the city into two zones and
the crisis through substantial borrowings from stressed the need to consider the whole city
various banks. as a unit.
A) İflasın eşiğine gelmiş olan şirketin çeşitli A) Kurul, kenti iki bölgeye ayırmayı amaçlayan
bankalardan yüklü krediler alarak bunalımı öneriyi tümüyle reddetti ve kentin bir bütün
aştığı belirtildi. olarak ele alınması gerektiğini savundu.
B) Bazı bankalardan bol kredi alarak bunalımı B) Kentin iki bölgeye ayrılmasına ilişkin öneriyi
atlatmaya çalışan şirketin, iflasa doğru derhal reddeden kurul, tüm kentin bir bütün
sürüklendiği bildirildi. olarak ele alınması gerektiği görüşüne vardı.
C) İflasla karşı karşıya gelmiş olan şirketin, C) Kurul, kenti iki bölgeye ayırma önerisini oy
bunalımı aşmak için pek çok bankadan büyük birliği ile reddetti ve tüm kentin bir bütün
krediler aldığı açıklandı. olarak düşünülmesi gerektiğini vurguladı.
D) Çeşitli bankalardan yüklü krediler alarak D) Tüm kentin bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmesi
bunalımı atlatmaya çalışan şirketin iflastan gereği üzerinde duran kurul, kenti iki ayrı
kurtulamadığı açıklandı. bölgeye ayırmaya yönelik öneriyi tereddütsüz
reddetti.
E) İflas tehlikesini atlatmış olan şirketin bazı
bankalardan bol kredi alarak bunalımdan E) Kentin iki ayrı bölgeye ayrılmasını öngören
çıktığı belirtildi. öneriyi oy çokluğu ile reddeden kurul, tüm
kentin bir bütün olarak görülmesi gereği
üzerinde ısrar etti.
159
MODADİL
26. Since the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, 28. The report makes it clear that in 1996 most
Britain has constantly been in conflict with European countries met almost half of their
her partners in the European Union over the energy needs by means of natural gas.
question of monetary union.
A) Raporda, doğal gazın 1996’da Avrupa
A) Maastricht Antlaşması imzalandıktan sonra ülkelerinin çoğunda enerji ihtiyacının yaklaşık
İngiltere, para birliği konusunu ileri sürerek, yarısını karşıladığı açıklanmaktadır.
Avrupa Birliği’ndeki ortakları ile sert bir
çatışma içine girmiştir. B) Avrupa ülkelerinin çoğunun, enerji
ihtiyaçlarının yarısını doğal gaz kullanarak
B) Maastricht Antlaşması’nın imzalanmasından karşıladığı 1996’da hazırlanan raporda da
beri İngiltere, Avrupa Birliği’ndeki ortaklarıyla açıklanmıştır.
para birliği konusunda sürekli bir çatışma
içinde olmuştur. C) Raporda, 1996’da Avrupa’da enerji
www.modadil.com
ihtiyaçlarının yarısından çoğunu doğal gaz

C) Maastricht Antlaşması’nın imzalanmasından yoluyla karşılayan pek çok ülke olduğu açıkça
bu yana, İngiltere para birliği konusu üzerinde ifade edilmektedir.
durmuş ve Avrupa Birliği’ndeki ortakları ile
zaman zaman tartışmıştır. D) Raporda açıkça ifade edildiğine göre, 1996’da
çoğu Avrupa ülkesi, enerji ihtiyacının yarısını
D) Maastricht Antlaşması’nın imzalanması doğal gazla karşılamak zorunda kalmıştır.
üzerine, İngiltere para birliği konusunda
Avrupa Birliği’ndeki ortaklarından farklı bir E) Rapor, 1996’da çoğu Avrupa ülkesinin,
tavır içine girmiştir. enerji ihtiyaçlarının yaklaşık yarısını doğal
gaz vasıtasıyla karşıladığını açıkça ortaya
E) Maastricht Antlaşması’nın imzalanması koymaktadır.
ile İngiltere, para birliği konusunda Avrupa
Birliği’ndeki ortakları ile tam bir uyum içinde
çalışmıştır.
Test
2 29. Most speakers at the meeting pointed out 31. In our age many major bridges have been
that in recent years, some of the research constructed around the world, but the biggest
projects undertaken by universities had been problems bridge engineers have been facing
concerned more with current problems than today are those of maintenance and repair.
with purely scientific matters.
A) Çağımızda dünyada pek çok köprü inşa
A) Toplantıya katılan çoğu konuşmacı, son edilmiştir, ancak bugün köprü mühendislerinin
yıllarda üniversiteler tarafından uygulanan karşılaştığı en büyük sorunlar bakım ve
araştırma projelerinin sadece bilimsel onarım sorunlarıdır.
konularla değil, aynı zamanda güncel
sorunlarla da ilgili olması gerektiğini vurguladı. B) Bugün dünyada pek çok köprü inşa
edilmektedir, fakat bakım ve onarım sorunları,
B) Konuşmacıların toplantıda görüş birliğine köprü mühendislerinin karşılaştığı en büyük
vardığı gibi, son yıllarda üniversiteler sorunlar arasında yer almaktadır.

tarafından yürütülen araştırma projeleri salt
bilimsel konulardan çok, güncel sorunlarla C) Her ne kadar çağımızda pek çok büyük köprü
ilgilidir. inşa edilmişse de köprü mühendislerinin
karşılaştığı en önemli sorunlar arasında
C) Toplantıdaki pek çok konuşmacı, bakım ve onarım sorunları bulunmaktadır.
üniversitelerce sürdürülen araştırma
projelerinden bazılarının salt bilimsel D) Çağımız dünyasında pek çok köprünün inşası
konular yerine, güncel sorunlarla ilgili olması mümkün olmuştur, ancak bakım ve onarım
gerektiğini belirtti. ile ilgili sorunlar, köprü mühendislerini en çok
meşgul eden sorunlardır.
D) Toplantıdaki çoğu konuşmacı, son yıllarda
üniversitelerce üstlenilen bazı araştırma E) Çağımızda pek çok büyük köprüler inşa
160 projelerinin salt bilimsel konulardan çok, edilebilmektedir, fakat köprü mühendislerini
en çok uğraştıran sorunlar, bakım ve onarım
güncel sorunlarla ilgili olduğunu belirtti.
ile ilgili sorunlardır.
E) Toplantıda söz alan pek çok konuşmacı, son
yıllarda üniversitelerin yürüttüğü araştırma
projelerinin bilimsel konularla olduğu kadar
güncel sorunlarla da ilgili olduğunu imâ etti.
MODADİL
30. Some years ago German Constitutional Court

decided by a 6 to 2 vote, that no law could 32. The site of Troy was first discovered in 1870 by
allow abortion in violation of the rights of the the German archeologist Heinrich Schliemann
unborn. and later excavations have distinguished nine
strata of settlements.
A) Yıllar önce Alman Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin
2’ye karşı 6 oyla aldığı bir karara göre, hiçbir A) Alman arkeolog Heinrich Schliemann
yasa, doğmamış çocuğun haklarını hiçe tarafından ilk kez 1870’te keşfedilen Truva’nın
sayarak kürtaja izin veremez. yerinde dokuz ayrı yerleşim katmanı olduğu
çeşitli kazılarla ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
B) Alman Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin birkaç yıl
önce 2’ye karşı 6 oyla aldığı karara göre, B) Bir Alman arkeolog olan Heinrich Schliemann,
doğmamış çocuğun haklarını ihlâl etmek 1870’te Truva’nın yerini ilk bulan kişidir ve
www.modadil.com
demek olan kürtaja hiçbir yasa izin veremez. daha sonra yapılan kazılarda burada dokuz
ayrı yerleşim merkezini ortaya çıkarmıştır.
C) Birkaç yıl önce, Alman Anayasa Mahkemesi,
hiçbir yasanın doğmamış çocuğun haklarına C) Truva’nın yerini 1870’te ilk bulan kişi, bir
aykırı olarak kürtaja izin veremeyeceğine 2’ye Alman arkeolog olan Heinrich Schliemann’dır
karşı 6 oyla karar verdi. ve burada yapılan kazılar dokuz yerleşim
katmanını ortaya çıkarmıştır.
D) Alman Anayasa Mahkemesi, doğmamış
çocuğun haklarının ihlâl edilmesi demek D) Çeşitli kazılarda dokuz ayrı yerleşim
olan kürtaja hiçbir yasanın izin veremeyeceği katmanına sahip olduğu anlaşılan Truva’nın
görüşünü birkaç yıl önce 2’ye karşı 6 oyla yerini, Alman arkeolog Heinrich Schliemann
değiştirdi. 1870’te keşfedilmiştir.
E) Alman Anayasa Mahkemesi, birkaç yıl önce, E) Truva’nın yeri ilk kez 1870’te bir Alman
hiçbir yasada kürtaja izin verilemeyeceğine arkeolog olan Heinrich Schliemann tarafından
2’ye karşı 6 oyla karar vererek, doğmamış bulunmuş ve daha sonraki kazılar dokuz
çocuğun hakkının ihlâl edilmesine izin yerleşim katmanını belirlemiştir.
vermedi.
Test
33. When General Franco died late in 1975 after a 35. Recently, one of the research areas that 2
prolonged illness, his dictatorship, which had geophysicists have been seriously concerned
lasted for years, finally came to an end. with has been the conditions of collision
between oceanic and continental plates.
A) General Franco’nun ağır bir hastalıktan sonra,
1975 sonunda ölmesi üzerine, uzun yıllar A) Okyanus ve kıta plakaları arasında
devam etmiş olan diktatörlüğü de son buldu. çarpışmalara yol açan koşullar, son
zamanlarda jeofizikçilerin ciddi olarak
B) General Franco, uzun süren bir hastalıktan üzerinde durdukları bir araştırma alanıdır.
sonra 1975 sonlarında ölünce, yıllarca sürmüş
olan diktatörlüğü nihayet son buldu. B) Okyanus ve kıta plakaları arasındaki
çarpışmaların koşulları son zamanlarda
C) General Franco’nun uzun yıllar devam etmiş jeofizikçilerin yakından ilgilendiği bir araştırma
olan diktatörlüğü onun 1975 yılı sonunda alanı olmuştur.
amansız bir hastalıktan ölümü üzerine sona
erdi. C) Son zamanlarda, jeofizikçilerin ciddi
olarak ilgilendikleri araştırma alanlarından
D) General Franco’nun yıllarca sürmüş olan biri, okyanus ve kıta plakaları arasındaki
diktatörlüğünün sona ermesi, onun 1975 çarpışmaların koşulları olmuştur.
sonunda nedeni bilinmeyen bir hastalıktan
ölümü ile olmuştur. D) Jeofizikçilerin son zamanlarda önemle
üzerinde durdukları araştırma konularından
E) General Franco 1975 yılı sonunda tedavisi biri, okyanus ve kıta plakalarının
mümkün olmayan bir hastalıktan ölünce, onun çarpışmasına neden olan koşullarıdır.
yıllar süren diktatörlüğü de son buldu.
E) Okyanus ve kıta plakalarının çarpışmasına
neden olan koşullar, jeofizikçilerin son
zamanlarda ciddi olarak ele aldıkları araştırma
161
konularından biri oldu.
MODADİL
36. Sri Lanka, which was originally called Ceylon,

34. In April 1983 in Italy the Fanfani administration became an independent state by the Ceylon
faced a serious crisis when Craxi, the socialist Independence Act of 1947, which came into
leader, withdrew from the four‑party coalition. force on 4 February 1948.
A) Nisan 1983’te İtalya’da sosyalistlerin A) 4 Şubat 1948’de yürürlüğe giren 1947
lideri Craxi’nin dört partili koalisyonundan Bağımsızlık Yasası Uyarınca, başlangıçtan
vazgeçmesi üzerine, Fanfani yönetiminde çok beri Seylan olarak bilinen Sri Lanka bağımsız
ağır bir bunalım baş gösterdi. bir ülke haline gelmiştir.
B) 1983 Nisan’ında İtalya’da, sosyalist lider B) 1947 Seylan Bağımsız Yasası, 4 Şubat
Craxi’nin dört partili koalisyonu terk etmesi, 1948’de yürürlüğe girmiş ve böylece daha
Fanafani yönetimini ağır bir bunalıma karşı önce Seylan adını taşıyan Sri Lanka bağımsız
karşıya bıraktı. bir devlet olmuştur.
www.modadil.com
C) İtalya’da sosyalist lider Craxi, 1973 Nisan’ında C) Daha önce Seylan olarak bilinen Sri Lanka,
dört partinin oluşturduğu koalisyondan 4 Şubat 1948’de yürürlüğe giren 1947
vazgeçince, Fanfani yönetimi ciddi bir Bağımsızlık Yasası ile bağımsızlığına
bunalımın içine girdi. kavuşmuştur.
D) Nisan 1983’te İtalya’da, sosyalist lider Craxi, D) Başlangıçta Seylan adını taşıyan Sri Lanka,
dört partili koalisyondan çekilince, Fanfani 4 Şubat 1948’de yürürlüğe giren 1947 Seylan
yönetimi ciddi bir bunalımla karşılaştı. Bağımsızlık Yasası ile bağımsız bir devlet
E) 1983 Nisan’ında İtalya’da Fanfani yönetiminin olmuştur.
ciddi bir bunalıma girmesi, sosyalist lider E) Önceleri Seylan olarak bilinen Sri Lanka’nın
Craxi’nin dörtlü koalisyondan ayrılması bağımsızlığına kavuşması, 4 Şubat 1948’de
yüzünden oldu. yürürlüğe konan 1947 Seylan Bağımsızlık
Yasası ile olmuştur.
Test
2 37. The Nigerian civil war broke out in July 1967, 39. From the report it is understood that, as total
following the secession of the Eastern Region, incomes in the economy expand, there is a
generally known as Biafra. general increase in the demand for goods and
services including imports.
A) Nijerya iç savaşı, genelde Biafra olarak bilinen
Doğu Bölgesinin ayrılması üzerine, Temmuz A) Raporlarda, ekonomideki toplam gelirlerin
1967’de patlamıştır. büyümesine paralel olarak, hem ithalata hem
de mal ve hizmetlere olan talepte genel bir
B) Herkes tarafından Biafra olarak bilinen Doğu artış meydana geleceği açıkça görülmektedir.
Bölgesinin ayrılması, Temmuz 1967’de
Nijerya’da bir iç savaşın patlamasına neden B) Raporlardan, ekonomide toplam gelirlerin
olmuştur. büyümesi sonucu, ithalat dahil mal ve
hizmetlere olan talepte büyük bir patlama
C) Temmuz 1967’de Nijerya iç savaşının olacağı açıkça anlaşılmaktadır.

patlaması, Biafra olarak adlandırılan Doğu
Bölgesinin ayrılması sonucu olmuştur. C) İthalatla beraber mal ve hizmetlere olan
talepteki büyük artışın, ekonomideki toplam
D) Nijerya’da Biafra denilen Doğu Bölgesinin gelirlerde görülen büyümenin sonucu olduğu
ayrılması üzerine, Temmuz 1967’de bir iç rapordan anlaşılmaktadır.
savaş çıkmıştı.
D) Ekonomide toplam gelirler ne kadar büyürse,
E) Nijerya iç savaşı, genellikle Biafra olarak ithalat da dâhil mal ve hizmetlere olan talebin
tanımlanan Doğu Bölgesinin ayrı bir devlet o kadar artacağı hususu, rapordan en iyi
olması sonucu çıkmıştır. şekilde anlaşılmaktadır.
E) Rapordan, ekonomide toplam gelirler
162 büyüdükçe, ithalat dâhil mal ve hizmetlere
ilişkin talepte de genel bir artış olduğu
anlaşılmaktadır.
MODADİL
38. During the 1960s in Namibia, a nationalist 40. In Britain, after 1945, the maintenance of full
sentiment began to grow among the native employment was accepted by all political
tribes, and a number of political parties were parties as the primary objective of economic
formed including the South West Africa policy.
People’s Organization (SWAPO).
A) 1945’ten sonra İngiltere’de tam istihdamın
A) 1960’lı yıllarda Namibya’daki yerli kabileler sağlanması, tüm siyasi partilerce ekonomik
arasında milliyetçilik akımı gelişmeye politikanın birinci hedefi olarak kabul edilmiştir.
başlayınca Güney Batı Afrika Halk Teşkilatı
(SWAPO) da dahil bir çok siyasi parti ortaya B) 1945’ten sonra İngiltere’de tüm siyasi
çıkmıştır. partilerin izlediği ekonomik politikanın
temel hedefi, istihdamı sağlamak olarak
B) 1960’lı yıllarda Namibya’da yerli kabileler açıklanmıştır.
arasında milliyetçilik duygusu artmaya başladı
ve Güney Batı Afrika Halk Teşkilatı (SWAPO) C) İngiltere’de istihdamın tam olarak sağlanması,
dahil birçok siyasi parti kuruldu. 1945’ten sonra tüm siyasi partilerin kabul
www.modadil.com
ettiği ekonomik politikaların en önemli hedefi

C) 1960’lı yıllardan bu yana Namibya’da olmuştur.
milliyetçilik duygusunun yeni kabileler
arasında giderek artması sonucu, Güney Batı D) 1945’ten sonra İngiltere’de tüm siyasi
Afrika Halk Teşkilatı (SWAPO) dahil pek çok partilerin kabul ettiği ekonomik politikanın
siyasi partinin kurulduğu görülmüştür. öncelikli hedefi, istihdamın tam olarak
sağlanması olmuştur.
D) 1960’lardan itibaren Namibya’da Güney
Batı Afrika Halk Teşkilatı (SWAPO) dahil E) İstihdamın tam olarak sağlanması, İngiltere’de
birçok partinin ortaya çıkması, yeni kabileler tüm siyasi partilerin 1945’den sonra
arasında milliyetçilik duygusunun güçlenmesi uyguladıkları ekonomik politikaların başlıca
sonucu olmuştur. hedefi olarak görülmüştür.
E) Namibya’da Güney Batı Afrika Halk Teşkilatı
(SWAPO) dahil çok sayıda siyasi partinin
kurulması, 1960’lı yıllarda yeni kabileler
arasında milliyetçiliğin oldukça yaygın
olmasıyla ilgilidir.
Test
41. Belgium has always seen itself as a quiet, 43. Britain’s newspaper market, which is one of 2
devout, prosperous and civilised country, the world’s most diverse, continues to prosper
where people are nice to children. with relatively stable prices.
A) Daima uygar, zengin, huzurlu ve barış sever A) Dünyanın en çeşitlilerinden biri olan İngiliz
bir ülke olarak bilinen Belçika’da insanlar gazete piyasası, nispeten istikrarlı fiyatlarla
çocuklara karşı hep iyi davranmışlardır. gelişmeye devam ediyor.
B) Belçika çocuklara her zaman iyi davranılan B) Dünyanın en karmaşık basın piyasasına sahip
huzurlu, güvenli, gelişmiş ve uygar bir ülke olan İngiltere’de, gazete fiyatlarındaki rekabet
olarak görülmektedir. kısmen devam etmektedir.
C) Sakin, dinine bağlı, kalkınmış ve uygar bir C) Kısmen istikrarlı fiyatlara sahip olan İngiliz
ülke olarak görülen Belçika’da insanlar basın piyasası, dünyanın en çok farklılık
çocuklara karşı hep sevecendir. gösteren piyasalarından biridir ve gelişmesini
sürdürmektedir.
D) Çocuklara karşı insanların anlayışlı olduğu
görülen Belçika, düzenli, inançlı, zengin ve D) Dünyanın en güvenilir basın piyasasına sahip
uygar bir ülkedir. olan İngiltere’de gazete fiyatlarının istikrarlı
durumu devam etmektedir.
E) Belçika hep kendini insanların çocuklara iyi
davrandığı, sakin, dindar, müreffeh ve uygar E) Dünyanın en farklı piyasalarından biri olan
bir ülke olarak görmüştür. İngiliz gazete piyasası, kısmen istikrarlı fiyatlar
sayesinde olumlu gelişmesini sürdürmektedir.
163
MODADİL
44. When, in the mid‑19th century, the wool trade

42. In spite of these objections raised in the boomed in Yorkshire, nearly a tenth of the
Senate, there are strong arguments in favour population of Bradford consisted of Irish
of both sanctions and bombing. immigrants.
A) Senato’da dile getirilen karşıt görüşlere A) On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarına doğru
karşın, harekatı ve bombardımanı Bradford’da yaşayan ve nüfusun onda birini
destekleyen yaklaşımların daha güçlü olduğu oluşturan İrlandalı göçmenler Yorkshire’da
görülüyor. hızlı bir gelişme gösteren yün ticaretini
B) Senato’da yapılan bu itirazlara karşın, hem ellerinde tutuyorlardı.
yaptırımlar hem de bombardıman lehinde B) On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarında
güçlü görüşler bulunmaktadır. Yorkshire’da yün sanayinin hızla gelişmesi
C) Senato’da tartışmalar devam etse de saldırı Bradford’a yerleşen İrlandalı göçmenlerin
ve bombardıman lehindeki görüşler gittikçe nüfusunun on kat artmasına neden oldu.
artmaktadır.
www.modadil.com
C) Bradford nüfusunun onda birini oluşturan

D) Senato’da böyle iddialar ileri sürülse de İrlandalı göçmenler, on dokuzuncu yüzyılın
ortaya konan görüşler hem ablukayı hem de ortalarında Yorkshire’da hızlı bir gelişme
bombardımanı kuvvetle destekler niteliktedir. gösteren yün dokumacılığının temelini
oluşturuyordu.
E) Tüm bu itirazlara karşın, Senato’da yapılan
güçlü tartışmalar işgal ve bombardımanın D) On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarında,
lehinde sonuçlanmıştır. Yorkshire’de yün ticareti hızlı bir gelişme
gösterdiğinde, Bradford nüfusunun hemen
hemen onda biri İrlandalı göçmenlerden
oluşuyordu.
E) On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarına doğru
Yorksire’da yün ticaretinin hızla gelişmesi
Bradford’daki İrlandalıların hemen hemen
onda birinin göç etmesi ile sonuçlandı.
Test
2 45. The main issue in the Russian economy this 47. There was much documentary evidence about
year is whether or not interest rates can be the case, which was subjected to rigorous
held at the 25% average envisaged in the testing by the forensic specialists and found
budget. to be authentic.
A) Bu yıl Rus ekonomisinin önemli sorunu, A) Davaya ilişkin bir sürü kanıt ve belge bu
bütçede belirtilen %25 ortalama ile faiz alanın uzmanlarınca köklü bir incelemeye
oranlarını nasıl dondurulacağı konusudur. alınmış ve bunların doğruluğu ispatlanmıştır.
B) Bu yıl Rus ekonomisinde yaşanan asıl B) Güvenlik uzmanları, dava ile ilgili pek çok
sorun, faiz oranlarının bütçede kabul edildiği belge ve kanıtı yoğun bir incelemeye almış ve
gibi %25 düzeyinde nasıl durdurulacağı bunların gerçek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
hususudur.
C) Dava hakkında, adli tıp uzmanlarınca

C) Faiz oranlarının bütçede bu yıl öngörüldüğü sıkı incelemeye tabi tutulan ve gerçek
gibi %25 düzeyinin altına indirilebilmesi, Rus olduğu anlaşılan pek çok belgesel kanıt
ekonomisinin en başta gelen sorunu olmuştur. bulunmaktaydı.
D) Faiz oranlarının, bütçede ifade edildiği gibi D) Parmak izi uzmanlarınca ayrıntılı bir
%25’lere nasıl indirileceği konusu, Rus incelemeye alınan belgesel kanıtlar,
ekonomisinin bu yıl en çok uğraştıran sorun davaya ilişkin gerçekleri kesin olarak ortaya
olmuştur. koymuştur.
E) Bu yıl Rus ekonomisindeki ana sorun, E) Davaya ilişkin o kadar çok belge ve kanıt
faiz oranlarını bütçede öngörülen %25 bulunmaktaydı ki bunların ilgili uzmanlarca
ortalamasında tutulup tutulamayacağıdır. incelenmesi ve doğruluklarının saptanması
164 çok uzun sürmüştür.
MODADİL
48. Today there are some political scientists who

46. Spain’s King Juan Carlos, speaks fluent would date the beginning of the cold war back
Portuguese, as he grew up in Portugal, where to the early 1920s when the Soviets declared
his father lived in exile. ideological war on western capitalist society.
A) İspanya Kralı Juan Carlos, Portekiz’de doğup A) Bugün bazı siyaset bilimciler, Sovyetlerin
büyüdüğü ve babası gibi burada sürgünde kapitalist batı ülkelerine karşı ideolojik bir
yaşadığı için mükemmel Portekizce konuşur. savaş açtığı 1920’li yılların, soğuk savaşın
B) İspanya Kralı Juan Carlos’un çok akıcı başlangıç tarihi olarak kabul edilmesine
Portekizce konuşmasının en önemli nedeni, karşılar.
babasının sürgüne gönderildiği Portekiz’de B) Bugün, soğuk savaşın başlangıcını,
uzun süre yaşamış olmasıdır. Sovyetlerin kapitalist batı toplumlarına
C) İspanya Kralı Juan Carlos, Portekizceyi akıcı karşı ideolojik savaş ilan ettiği 1920’lerin ilk
bir şekilde konuşmayı Portekiz’de babası gibi yıllarına dayandıran bazı siyaset bilimciler
sürgün yaşadığı yıllarda öğrendi. bulunmaktadır.
www.modadil.com
D) İspanya Kralı Juan Carlos, babasının sürgün C) Bugün bazı siyaset bilimcilere göre
yaşadığı Portekiz’de büyümüş olduğu için Sovyetlerin 1920’li yılların başında kapitalist
akıcı Portekizce konuşur. batı ülkelerine karşı ideolojik bir savaş
açması, soğuk savaşın başlangıcını oluşturan
E) Portekiz’de doğup büyüyen İspanya Kralı ilk gelişmedir.
Juan Carlos, sürgünde yaşayan babası kadar
akıcı Portekizce konuşur. D) Bugün bazı siyaset bilimciler soğuk savaşın
başlangıç tarihi 1920’li yıllar olarak kabul
ederler, çünkü bu dönemde Sovyetler,
kapitalist batı ülkelerine karşı ideolojik bir
savaş ilan etmişlerdir.
E) 1920’li yıllardan itibaren Sovyetlerin bazı
kapitalist batı toplumlarına karşı ideolojik
bir savaş başlatmaları, bugün bazı siyaset
uzmanları tarafından soğuk savaş olarak
kabul edilmektedir.
Test
49. The Cuban missile crisis was in fact a highly 50. From 2010 onwards, in almost every country 2
educative process for both the Americans and in continental Europe, public finances will be
the Soviets, and thereafter each treated the under threat because of a growing number of
other with respect. elderly people dependent on the state pension.
A) Gerek Amerikalılar gerekse Sovyetler A) Emekli maaşına bağlı yaşlıların sayısının
açısından oldukça eğitici bir süreç olan Küba çok artması 2010 yılından itibaren kıta
füze bunalımı, her iki tarafın birbirine karşı Avrupa’sının tüm ülkelerinde kamu gelirleri
saygı göstermesine neden olmuştur. üzerinde azaltıcı bir etki oluşturacaktır.
B) Küba füze bunalımı, gerek Amerikalılar gerek B) 2010 yılından itibaren, kıta Avrupa’sının tüm
Sovyetler üzerinde oldukça eğitici olmuş ve ülkelerinde kamu harcamaları baskı altında
daha sonraki yıllarda her ikisi de birbirine olacaktır, çünkü devletten emekli maaşı alan
karşı saygı göstermeye başlamıştır. yaşlıların sayısı hızla artıyor.
C) Ne Amerikalılar ne de Sovyetler, Küba füze C) Devletten maaş alan emeklilerin sayısı hızla
bunalımını oldukça eğitici bir süreç olarak arttığı için kıta Avrupa’sı ülkelerinde kamu
görmüşler, bundan böyle birbirlerine karşı bütçeleri 2010 yılından başlayarak denk bütçe
saygılı davranmaya özen göstermişlerdir. özelliğini yitirecektir.
D) Esasında, Küba füze bunalımı hem D) Devletten emekli maaşına bağlı yaşlı kişilerin
Amerikalılar hem de Sovyetlere göre son sayısının artması nedeniyle, 2010 yılından
derece eğitici bir süreç olmuştur, çünkü bunun itibaren kıta Avrupa’sının hemen her ülkesinde
sonucunda her iki taraf birbirine karşı saygılı kamu maliyesi tehdit altında olacaktır.
davranmayı öğrenmiştir.
E) Devletten emekli maaşı alan yaşlıların sayısı
E) Küba füze bunalımı, gerçekten, hem
Amerikalılar hem de Sovyetler için son derece
giderek arttığı için 2010 yılından başlayarak
kıta Avrupa’sı ülkelerinin hemen hepsinin
165
eğitici bir süreç olmuş ve bundan sonra her kamu bütçeleri açık verecektir.
biri diğerine saygılı davranmıştır.
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
3 ENGLISH-TURKISH TRANSLATION
3. In Latin America and Eastern Europe, where
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye interventionists methods in the past were put
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. into effect most austerely, it is governments,
not outside economists, that today speak most
1. I would like to make it absolutely clear at the favourably in support of market economics.
outset that I do not approve of the measures
proposed by the consulting firm. A) Geçmişte devlet müdahalesini esas alan
ve uygulayan Latin Amerika ve Doğu
A) Hemen kesin olarak açıklayayım ki danışman Avrupa hükümetleri, yabancı uzmanlardan
firma tarafından ortaya konulan görüşlerin daha istekli bir şekilde pazar ekonomisini
hiçbirini kabul etmiyorum. destekleyici konuşmalar yapmaktadır.
B) Öncelikle, danışman firmanın bizimle ilgili B) Bugün Latin Amerika’da ve Doğu Avrupa’da
görüşlerine katılmadığımı kesin olarak pazar ekonomisini destekleyenler, yabancı
açıklamak isterim. ekonomistlerden çok, geçmişte aşırı
C) Başta şunu açık olarak kesinlikle belirtmek müdahaleci yöntemler uygulamış olan
isterim ki danışmanlık şirketinin önermiş hükümetlerin bizzat kendileridir.
olduğu önlemleri onaylamıyorum. C) Geçmişte müdahaleci yöntemlerin en
D) Danışmanlığımızı yapan firmanın sunmuş sert şekilde uygulamaya konulduğu Latin
olduğu çözümlerin hiçbirini uygun Amerika’da ve Doğu Avrupa’da, bugün pazar
166 bulmadığımı baştan açık olarak belirtiyorum. ekonomisinin lehinde en olumlu konuşanlar
yabancı ekonomistler değil, hükümetlerdir.
E) Öncelikle ve kesin bir dille ifade etmek isterim
ki danışmanlık şirketinin bize iletmiş olduğu D) Bugün Latin Amerika’da ve Doğu Avrupa’da
önerileri hiçbir zaman olumlu bulmadım. pazar ekonomisinin yararlarından söz edenler,
sadece yabancı uzmanlar değil, geçmişte
aşırı devlet müdahalesini benimsemiş olan
hükümetlerin kendileridir.
MODADİL
E) Eskiden aşırı müdahaleci uygulamaların

olduğu Latin Amerika’da ve Doğu Avrupa’da,
bugünkü hükümetler pazar ekonomisini
yabancı ekonomistlerden daha fazla övmeye
yönelmektedirler.
2. In his talk he stressed that economic 4. Two months ago the Czech finance minister
relationships are complicated and changeable, told his people that the country’s four biggest
since everything happens at once. banks would be fully privatised by the end of
this year.
A) Konuşmasında, ekonomik ilişkilerin karmaşık
olduğunu ve sürekli değiştiğini, bunun da her A) Ülkedeki en güçlü dört bankanın bu yıl
şeyin bir anda olup bitmesine yol açtığını ileri sonunda tümüyle özelleştirileceği, Çek
sürdü. maliye bakanının iki ay önce halka yaptığı bir
www.modadil.com
konuşmada açıklanmıştı.
B) Yaptığı konuşmada, her şeyin bir anda olup
bitmesinin nedeninin, ekonomik ilişkilerdeki B) Çek maliye bakanı iki ay önce halkına, ülkenin
karmaşıklık ve değişkenlik olduğunu belirtti. en büyük dört bankasının bu yıl sonuna kadar
tümüyle özelleştirileceğini söyledi.
C) Olayların bir anda olup bitmesi sonucu
ekonomik ilişkilerin ne denli çapraşık ve C) Çek maliye bakanı, ülkedeki dört büyük
farklı olduğunu, konuşmasında açıkça ortaya bankanın bu yıl sonunda tümüyle
koydu. özelleştirileceğini iki ay öncesinden halka
bildirdi.
D) Konuşmasında da belirttiği gibi, ekonomik
ilişkiler hem karmaşık hem de değişken, D) Çek maliye bakanının iki ay öncesinden
çünkü her şey aniden ortaya çıkıyor. halka açıkladığına göre, ülkedeki en büyük
dört banka bu yıl sonundan önce tümüyle
E) Konuşmasında, her şey bir anda olup bittiği özelleştirilmiş olacak.
için ekonomik ilişkilerin karmaşık ve değişken
olduğunu vurguladı. E) Çek maliye bakanı, bu yıl sona ermeden
ülkedeki en güçlü dört bankanın tümünün
özelleştirilmesi gerektiğini iki ay önce halkına
söylemişti.
Test
5. Our company, a partner in an international 7. At a press conference today the Prime Minister 3
consortium and headquartered in Istanbul, of Yemen announced that his Government
is looking for water resources engineers had been granted a loan by the World Bank
who have at least ten years of experience in to assist the implementation of the Rural
irrigation engineering and land development. Development Project started two years ago.
A) Uluslararası bir konsorsiyumun ortağı olan A) Bugün yaptığı bir basın toplantısında, Yemen
ve merkezi İstanbul’da bulunan şirketimiz, Başbakanı iki yıldan beri sürdürülen Köy
sulama mühendisliği ve arazi ıslahında Kalkınma Projesi için Dünya Bankası’nca
en az on yıl tecrübesi olan su kaynakları hükümetine kredi sağlanacağını açıkladı.
mühendisleri aramaktadır.
B) Bugün yaptığı bir basın toplantısında, Yemen
B) Merkezi İstanbul’da bulunan şirketimiz Başbakanı iki yıldan beri uygulanmakta olan
uluslararası bir konsorsiyumun ortağıdır ve Köy Kalkınma Projesi’nin sonuçlandırılması
sulama mühendisliği ile toprak ıslahında amacıyla Dünya Bankası’nın hükümetine
en az on yıl tecrübesi olan su kaynakları kaynak sağladığını söyledi.
mühendisleri aramaktadır.
C) Yemen Başbakanı bir basın toplantısı yaparak
C) Sulama yöntemleri ve bölge kalkınmasında iki yıl süreyle uygulanacak olan Köy Kalkınma
en az on yıllık tecrübe sahibi olan su Projesi’nin tamamlanabilmesi için hükümetinin
mühendisleri arayan şirketimiz, uluslararası Dünya Bankası’ndan kredi isteyeceğini belirtti.
bir konsorsiyumun üyesidir ve merkezi
İstanbul’dadır. D) Bugün bir basın toplantısında konuşan
Yemen Başbakanı, iki yıl önce başlatılan
D) İstanbul’da kurulmuş ve sulama işleri ile Köy Kalkınma Projesi’nin yürütülebilmesi için
toprak ıslahında en az on yıllık tecrübeye hükümetinin Dünya Bankası’ndan yeni bir
sahip olan su mühendisleri arayan şirketimiz kredi sağladığını bildirdi. 167
uluslararası bir konsorsiyumun üyesidir.
E) Bugün bir basın toplantısında, Yemen
E) Uluslararası bir konsorsiyuma dahil olan Başbakanı iki yıl önce başlatılmış olan
ve ana merkezi İstanbul’da olan şirketimiz, Köy Kalkınma Projesi’nin uygulanmasına
sulama işlerinde ve arazi ıslahında katkıda bulunmak amacıyla, Dünya Bankası
çalıştırılmak üzere su kaynaklarında en az tarafından hükûmettine kredi verildiğini
on yıllık tecrübeye sahip su mühendislerine açıkladı.
ihtiyaç duymaktadır.
MODADİL
8. Oceans not only absorb carbon dioxide and

6. In the Renaissance, the discovery of other gases from the atmosphere but also hold
perspective gave artists the power to put onto and transport vast amounts of heat through a
a flat surface the world as it is seen by the network of currents.
naked eye.
A) Okyanusların atmosferdeki karbon dioksiti
A) Sanatçılar, dünyayı, düz bir yüzeye çıplak ve diğer gazları emmesi ve yüksek
gözle görüldüğü biçimde yansıtma olanağını miktarlardaki ısıyı tutarak taşıması, ancak
ancak Rönesans’ta, perspektifin bulunması ile akıntıların oluşturduğu bir şebeke sayesinde
elde ettiler. gerçekleşebilmektedir.
B) Rönesans’ta sanatçılar, perspektifin B) Okyanuslar, atmosferdeki karbon dioksiti
www.modadil.com
bulunmasıyla, çıplak gözle gördükleri dünyayı ve diğer gazları emmez; aksine yüksek
düz bir yüzeye yansıtma fırsatını elde miktarlardaki ısıyı emerler ve çeşitli akıntılarla
etmişlerdir. taşırlar.
C) Perspektifin bulunması, Rönesans C) Okyanuslar, akıntıların oluşturduğu bir ağ
sanatçılarına, dünyayı çıplak gözle görüldüğü yardımıyla, hem atmosferdeki karbon dioksiti
durumuyla bir düzleme aktarma yolunu ve diğer gazları emer hem de büyük miktarda
açmıştır. ısıyı tutarak taşırlar.
D) Rönesans’ta perspektifin bulunması, D) Okyanuslar sadece atmosferdeki karbon
sanatçılara dünyayı çıplak gözle görüldüğü dioksiti ve diğer gazları emmekle kalmaz, aynı
şekliyle düz bir yüzeye aktarma gücü zamanda muazzam miktarda ısıyı tutarlar ve
vermiştir. bir akıntı şebekesi aracılığıyla taşırlar.
E) Rönesans sanatçıları perspektifi bularak, E) Okyanuslar, akıntıların oluşturduğu bir şebeke
dünyayı, çıplak gözle görüldüğü gibi, düz bir sayesinde, hem atmosferdeki karbon dioksiti
yüzeyde göstermeyi hedeflemişlerdir. ve gazları emiyorlar hem de çok yüksek
miktarlara varan ısıyı tutarak her tarafa
taşıyorlar.
Test
3 9. Prince Sihanouk has always voiced his firm 11. The first colonial immigrants began to arrive
commitment to one principle: he is prepared to in Britain in the early 1950s to work in the
make any sacrifice necessary for the people of manufacturing industry.
Cambodia.
A) 1950’lerin başlarında İngiltere’ye gelen
A) Prens Sihanouk bir ilkeye kesin bağlılığını hep ilk sömürge göçmenleri, öncelikle imalat
ifade etmiştir: o, Kamboçya halkı için gerekli sanayisinde çalışmaya başladılar.
her türlü özveride bulunmaya hazırdır.
B) Sömürgelerden İngiltere’ye gelen ilk
B) Prens Sihanouk bir ilke ile ilgili taahhüdünü göçmenler, 1950’lerin başlarında imalat
hep hatırlamıştır: o kendisini, Kamboçya halkı sanayisinde çalışmaya başladılar.
gerekli gördüğü zaman kurban etmeye razıdır.
C) 1950’lerin başlarından itibaren pek çok
C) Prens Sihanouk’un daima bağlı olduğu bir ilke göçmen, imalat sanayisinde çalışmak
vardır: o, Kamboçya halkı için kendisini her amacıyla ilk kez sömürgelerden İngiltere’ye
zaman kurban etmeye razıdır. gelmeye başladılar.
D) Prens Sihanouk daima bir ilkeye bağlı D) İlk kez 1950’lerde İngiltere’ye gelmeye
olduğunu söylemiştir: Kamboçya halkının başlayan sömürge göçmenleri, öncelikle
refahı için gerekli özveride bulunmaya imalat sanayisinde çalışmaya başladılar.
hazırdır.
E) İlk sömürge göçmenleri, İngiltere’ye, imalat
E) Prens Sihanouk’un daima bağlı olduğunu sanayisinde çalışmak amacıyla, 1950’lerin
söylediği bir ilke vardır: kendisi, Kamboçya başlarında gelmeye başlamıştır.
halkı gerekli görürse, özveride bulunmaya
hazırdır.
168
MODADİL
10. It is grossly unfair to blame the recent 12. The issue under discussion is whether or not
economic crisis in Asia on investors, bankers British newspapers are fairly priced.
and politicians. A) Tartışma yaratan asıl sorun, İngiliz
A) Asya’da görülen son ekonomik bunalımla ilgili gazetelerinin fiyatlarının belirlenmesinde adil
olarak sadece yatırımcıları, bankacıları ve bir yol izlenip izlenmediğidir.
siyasetçileri hedef almak oldukça yanlış bir B) Tartışılmakta olan asıl konu, İngiliz
tutumdur. gazetelerinin fiyatlarının tarafsız olarak
B) Asya’da ortaya çıkan ekonomik bunalımın belirlenip belirlenmediğidir.
sorumlusu olarak bugünkü sanayicileri, C) İngiliz gazeteleri için uygun fiyatların
bankacıları ve siyasetçileri görmek büyük bir belirlenip belirlenmeyeceği, tartışmanın temel
www.modadil.com
yanılgıdır. konusudur.
C) Asya’daki son ekonomik bunalımın suçunu D) Tartışılmakta olan konu, İngiliz gazetelerinin
yatırımcılara, bankacılara ve siyasetçilere adil olarak fiyatlandırılıp fiyatlandırılmadığıdır.
yıkmak tamamen haksızlıktır.
E) İngiliz gazetelerinin uygun şekilde
D) Asya’daki son ekonomik bunalıma fiyatlandırılıp fiyatlandırılmadığı konusu
yatırımcıların, bankacıların ve siyasetçilerin tartışılıyor.
yol açtığını söylemek çok yanlış olur.
E) Sadece sanayicileri, bankacıları ve
siyasetçileri, yakın geçmişte Asya’da
ekonomik bir bunalım yaratmakla suçlamak
tamamen yanlış olur.
Test
13. Greenpeace activists failed to stop a ship 15. It has been announced that merger between 3
carrying reprocessed nuclear fuel through the the two banks is set to go ahead after approval
Panama Canal. from their boards.
A) Yeşilbarış eylemcileri, yeniden işlenmiş A) İki bankanın birleşmesi için gerekli işlemlerin
nükleer yakıt taşıyan bir gemiyi Panama kendi kurullarının onayından sonra
Kanalı’nda durdurmayı amaçlıyorlardı. başlatılacağı söylendi.
B) Yeşilbarış eylemcileri, yeniden işlenmiş B) İki banka arasındaki birleşmenin, kendi
nükleer yakıt taşımakta olan bir gemiyi kurullarının onayından sonra gerçekleşeceği
Panama Kanalı’nda durdurmaya çalıştılar. açıklandı.
C) Yeşilbarış eylemcileri, Panama Kanalı’ndan C) İki banka arasındaki birleşmenin
yeniden işlenmiş nükleer yakıt taşıyan bir gerçekleşebilmesi için kurullardan onay
gemiyi durdurmayı başaramadılar. alındıktan sonra işlem yapılacağı duyuruldu.
D) Yeşilbarış eylemcileri, işlenmiş nükleer D) Açıklandığı üzere, iki banka arasındaki
yakıt taşıyan bir gemiyi Panama Kanalı’nda birleşme ancak kurulların onayından sonra
durdurma girişiminde başarısız oldular. başlayacak.
E) Yeşilbarış eylemcilerinin yeniden işlenmiş E) Duyurulduğuna göre, iki banka arasındaki
nükleer yakıt taşıyan bir gemiyi Panama birleşmenin kesin olarak gerçekleşebilmesi,
Kanalı’nda durdurma çabaları boşa gitti. kurulların onayına göre değişebilir.
169
MODADİL
14. Alexander Lebedev, Russia’s former national 16. Rescuers estimate that up to 5000 people may
security advisor, said he would run for the have died in a remote province of northern
governorship of Central Siberia. Afghanistan after an earthquake completely
devastated the area.
A) Rusya’nın ulusal güvenlik eski danışmanı
Alexander Lebedev, Orta Sibirya valiliği için A) Bölgeye giden kurtarma ekipleri, Kuzey
aday olacağını söyledi. Afganistan’ın uzak bir eyaletini tamamen
tahrip eden bir depremden sonra 5000 kadar
B) Eskiden Rusya’nın ulusal güvenlik sorumlusu insanın ölmüş olabileceğini açıklamaktadır.
olan Alexander Lebedev, Orta Sibirya valiliği
için kampanya başlatacağını açıkladı. B) Kurtarma görevlileri, Kuzey Afganistan’ın uzak
bir eyaletinde meydana gelen tahrip gücü
C) Rusya’nın önceki ulusal güvenlik uzmanı çok yüksek depremden sonra 5000’den fazla
Alexander Lebedev’in, Orta Sibirya valiliği için insanın ölmüş olduğunu açıkladılar.
www.modadil.com
aday olduğu söyleniyor.

C) Kurtarma uzmanları, Kuzey Afganistan’ın
D) Rusya’nın bir önceki ulusal güvenlik uzak bir eyaletini tamamen tahrip eden
danışmanı Alexander Lebedev’in, Orta Sibirya depremden sonra, en az 5000 kişinin ölmüş
valiliği seçimlerine katılmak istediği açıklandı. olabileceğinden endişe etmektedirler.
E) Rusya’nın ulusal güvenlik eski danışmanı D) Kurtarma görevlilerince, en az 5000 kişinin
Alexander Lebedev, Orta Sibirya valiliği için ölümüne neden olan depremin, Kuzey
seçimlere katılacağını açıkladı. Afganistan’ın uzak bir eyaletini tamamen yerle
bir ettiği bildirilmiştir.
E) Kurtarma görevlileri, Kuzey Afganistan’ın uzak
bir eyaletinde, bölgeyi tamamen tahrip eden
bir depremden sonra 5000 kadar insanın
ölmüş olabileceğini tahmin ediyorlar.
Test
3 17. At the bilateral talks last week, Iraq was 19. The Serbian justice minister stated that the
told bluntly that, unless it complied with the Serbians indicted for war crimes would not be
Security Council resolutions, there could be sent to the Hague for trial by the war‑crimes
no lifting of sanctions. tribunal.
A) Geçen hafta sürdürülen ikili görüşmelerde, A) Savaş suçu işlemiş Sırpları yargılamak üzere
Irak’a Güvenlik Konseyi kararlarını hiçe Lahey’deki savaş suçları mahkemesine
saydığı sürece yaptırımların kaldırılmayacağı gönderilmesine Sırp adalet bakanı itiraz etti.
en açık şekilde bildirildi.
B) Sırp adalet bakanı savaş suçları sanığı
B) Geçen hafta yapılan görüşmelerde, Irak’a olan Sırpların, savaş suçları mahkemesi
Güvenlik Konseyi kararlarına uymadığı tarafından yargılanmak üzere Lahey’e
için yaptırımların kaldırılmasının mümkün gönderilmeyeceğini ifade etti.
olmadığı sert bir dille iletildi.

C) Sırp adalet bakanının yaptığı açıklamaya
C) Geçen hafta yapılan ikili görüşmelerde, Irak’a göre, savaş suçu işlemiş Sırplar, savaş suçları
yaptırımların kaldırılmama nedeninin Güvenlik mahkemesi tarafından yargılanmaları için
Konseyi kararlarını hiçe sayması olduğu Lahey’e kesinlikle gönderilmeyecek.
açıkça bildirildi.
D) Sırp adalet bakanı savaş suçlarıyla itham
D) Geçen haftaki ikili görüşmelerde, Irak’a edilen Sırpların yargılanmak için Lahey’deki
Güvenlik Konseyi kararlarına uymadığı savaş suçları mahkemesine kesinlikle
takdirde yaptırımların kaldırılmasının söz gönderilmeyeceğini açıkladı.
konusu olamayacağı açıkça ifade edildi.
E) Çeşitli savaş suçları işlemiş Sırpların, savaş
E) Geçen hafta yapılan ikili görüşmelerden suçları mahkemesi tarafından yargılanmak
170 sonra, Irak Güvenlik Konseyi kararlarını
dikkate almadığı takdirde yaptırımların
için Lahey’e asla gönderilmeyeceği, Sırp
adalet bakanınca ifade edilmiştir.
kaldırılmasının mümkün olmayacağı
hususunda sert bir dille uyarıldı.
MODADİL
20. The project we have undertaken will

explore the political, social, and economic
consequences of new information and
communication technologies, particularly
relating to issues such as changing role of the
18. The rigid and hierarchical corporate structure state and new security threats.
that provided the basis for business growth A) Üstlendiğimiz proje özellikle devletin
until the 1980s has now become a thing of the değişen rolü ve yeni güvenlik tehditleri gibi
past. konulara ilişkin olarak yeni bilgi ve iletişim
A) 1980’lerde iş dünyasında büyümenin teknolojilerinin siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik
temelini oluşturan katı ve hiyerarşik kurumsal sonuçlarını araştıracaktır.
yapılanma, bugün artık geçmişe ait bir olgu B) Yürütmekte olduğumuz projeyle, yeni bilgi
olarak görülmektedir. ve iletişim teknolojilerinin, özellikle devletin
B) 1980’lerde şirketlerin büyümesini sağlayan değişen rolü ve yeni güvenlik tehditleri
www.modadil.com
sağlam ve hiyerarşik yapılanma bugün artık üzerindeki siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik

eski önemini yitirmiştir. etkileri araştırılacaktır.
C) İşlerin büyümesi için 1980’lere kadar temel C) Devletin değişen rolü ve yeni güvenlik
oluşturan katı ve hiyerarşik şirket yapısı, tehditleri gibi konuları inceleyen projemizle
bugün artık geçmişte kalmıştır. özellikle yeni bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin
siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik etkilerini
D) 1980’li yıllara kadar büyüme sürecinin temelini araştıracağız.
oluşturan katı hiyerarşik kurumsal yapının
önemi, bugün artık yok olmuştur. D) Üzerinde çalıştığımız proje, özellikle devletin
değişen işlevleri ve yeni güvenlik tehditleri
E) Geçmişten günümüze kadar uzanan sağlam gibi çeşitli konularla yeni bilgi ve iletişim
ve hiyerarşik kurumsal yapı, 1980’lere kadar teknolojilerinin siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik
büyümenin temelini atmıştır. yararlarını incelemektedir.
E) İncelediğimiz proje özellikle devletin
değişen işlevini ve ortaya çıkan yeni
tehditleri, yeni bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin
siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik yararlarını
incelemektedir.
Test
21. William Carlos Williams is known primarily as 23. According to the author, even though 3
a poet, but he occasionally wrote prose in the economic reforms may involve painful
form of short stories, novels and essays. sacrifices in the initial stages, the long term
benefits and rising prosperity will bolster up
A) Kısa öykü, roman ve deneme biçiminde political freedom in the country.
düzyazılar da yazmış olmasına karşın,
William Carlos Williams, öncelikle bir şair A) Yazara göre, acı özverilerle başlatılan
olarak tanınmak istemiştir. ekonomik reformların uzun vadeli yararları,
ülkede refahı artırıp siyasi özgürlüğü
B) William Carlos Williams’ı asıl tanıtan, kuvvetlendirecektir.
zaman zaman yazdığı kısa öykü, roman ve
denemeler biçimindeki düzyazıları değil, B) Yazara göre, ekonomik reformlar başlangıç
şiirleri olmuştur. aşamasında acı özveriler gerektirse bile, uzun
vadeli yararları ve artan refah, ülkedeki siyasi
C) Her ne kadar kısa öyküler, romanlar ve özgürlüğü güçlendirecektir.
denemeler biçimde düzyazılar yazmışsa da
William Carlos Williams önde gelen bir şair C) Yazara göre, ülkedeki siyasi özgürlüğün
olarak bilinir. güçlenmesi, ancak, başlangıçta acı özveriler
gerektiren fakat uzun vadeli yararlarıyla refahı
D) Önde gelen bir şair olarak tanınan William artıracak olan ekonomik reformlarla mümkün
Carlos Williams’ın yazdığı az sayıdaki olacaktır.
düzyazılar, genelde kısa öykü, roman ve
deneme biçimindedir. D) Yazara göre, ülkedeki siyasi özgürlüğü
güçlendirecek refah artışına, acı özveriler
E) William Carlos Williams öncelikle bir şair gerektirmesine rağmen uzun vadede yarar
olarak tanınmaktadır; ancak zaman zaman sağlayacak ekonomik reformlarla ulaşılabilir.
kısa öyküler, romanlar ve denemeler biçimde
düzyazılar da yazmıştır. E) Yazara göre, ekonomik reformlar acı özveriler
171
gerektirmekle birlikte, uzun vadede yararlar
sağlar ve refahı artırarak ülkedeki siyasi
özgürlüğün daha da güçlenmesine ortam
22. From the late eighteenth century to the hazırlar.
mid‑nineteenth century, the overall trend in
the West was towards the freeing of economic
MODADİL
activity and the lifting of restrictions on the

movement of labour, capital, goods and
resources.
A) Ekonomik faaliyetlerde özgürlüğün 24. With the Versailles Treaty, signed in 1919 to
sağlanması ve işgücü, sermaye, mal ve end the First World War, Germany was forced
kaynak dolaşımına ilişkin yaptırımların to cede Alsace‑Lorraine to France, and her
azaltılması, on sekizinci yüzyılın sonundan colonies were shared out among the Allies.
on dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarına kadar yalnız
Batı’da yaygın olan bir eğilimdi. A) Birinci Dünya Savaşı 1919’da imzalanan
Versailles Antlaşması ile sona ermiş ve
B) On sekizinci yüzyılın sonlarında ve on Alsace‑Lorraine’i Fransa’ya bırakmak
dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarında, ekonomik zorunda kalan Almanya’nın tüm sömürgeleri
faaliyetlerin serbest bırakılması ve işgücü, Müttefiklerce paylaşılmıştır.
sermaye, mal ve kaynakların hareketini
kısıtlayan engellerin kaldırılması, genellikle B) 1919’da imzalanan Versailles Antlaşması ile
Batı’da görülen bir eğilimdi. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sona erdi ve sömürgeleri
Müttefikler tarafından paylaşılan Almanya,
C) On sekizinci yüzyılın sonlarından on Alsace‑Lorraine’i Fransa’ya bırakmak zorunda
www.modadil.com
dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarına kadar Batı’da kaldı.

görülen eğilim, ekonomik faaliyetlerin serbest
bırakılmasında ve işgücü, sermaye, mal ve C) Birinci Dünya Savaşı 1919’da imzalanan
kaynakların dolaşımını kısıtlayan engellerin Versailles Antlaşması ile sona erince,
ortadan kaldırılmasında etkili oldu. Almanya’nın sömürgeleri Müttefikler arasında
paylaşıldı ve Alsace‑Lorraine de zorunlu
D) On sekizinci yüzyılın sonlarından on olarak Fransa’ya verildi.
dokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarına kadar, Batı’daki
genel eğilim, ekonomik faaliyetlerin serbest D) Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nı sona erdiren ve
bırakılması ve işgücü, sermaye, mal ve 1919’da imzalanan Versailles Antlaşması
kaynak hareketleri üzerindeki kısıtlamaların ile Müttefikler Almanya’nın sömürgelerini
kaldırılması yönündeydi. aralarında paylaşarak Alsace‑Lorraine’in
Fransa’ya bırakılmasını önerdiler
E) Ekonomik faaliyetlerin özgürce yapılması
yönündeki eğilim, on sekizinci yüzyılın E) Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nı sona erdirmek üzere
sonlarında ve on dokuzuncu yüzyılın 1919’da imzalanan Versailles Antlaşması
ortalarında, Batıda, işgücü, sermaye, ile, Almanya Alsace‑Lorraine’i Fransa’ya
mal ve kaynakların hareketini kısıtlayan terk etmek zorunda bırakıldı ve sömürgeleri
uygulamalardan vazgeçilmesine sebep oldu. Müttefikler arasında paylaşıldı.
Test
3 25. Aqueducts are conduits in which water flows 27. A new stamp, issued by the United Nations for
or is conveyed from its source to the place use on its mail, features the typhoon Abby as
where it is to be used. it traveled over the Pacific towards China in
September 1986.
A) Su kemerleri, suyun içinde aktığı veya
kaynağından kullanılacağı yere taşındığı su A) Yeni çıkarılan ve üzerinde Eylül 1986’da
yollarıdır. Pasifik’te oluşarak Çin’e kadar ilerleyen Abby
tayfununun resmi olan pul, yalnızca Birleşmiş
B) İçinde su akan, veya suyu kaynağından Milletler’in kendi postasında kullanılacaktır.
kullanılacağı yere kadar taşıyan su yollarına
su kemerleri adı verilir. B) Eylül 1986’da Pasifik üzerinden Çin’e doğru
yol alan Abby tayfununu gösteren ve Birleşmiş
C) İçinde suyun aktığı su kemerleri, aynı Milletler tarafından çıkarılan yeni pul, postada
zamanda suyu kaynağından kullanılacağı kullanılmaya başlamıştır.

yere taşıyan su yollarıdır.
C) Eylül 1986’da, Birleşmiş Milletler, kendi
D) Su kemerleri, içinde su akan veya suyu postasında kullanmak amacıyla üzerinde
kaynağından alarak kullanılacağı yere kadar Abby tayfununun Pasifik’ten Çin’e doğru
taşıyan su yollarından oluşur. ilerleyişinin gösterildiği bir pul çıkarmıştır.
E) Birer su yolu olan su kemerleri, içinden akan D) Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından, kendi
suyu kaynağından alarak kullanılacağı yere postasında kullanılmak üzere çıkarılan yeni
kadar götürür. bir pul, Abby tayfununun Eylül 1986’da
Pasifik üzerinde Çin’e doğru yol alışını
göstermektedir.
172 E) Kendi postasında kullanmak için

Birleşmiş Milletlerin Eylül 1986’dan beri
çıkardığı pulların sonuncusunda, Abby
tayfununun Pasifik üzerinden Çin’e yönelişi
gösterilmektedir.
MODADİL
26. But it has become increasingly hard to sustain 28. Medical research has established that certain
the idea that Britain has the best television in natural food products like garlic are in tune
the world. with our bodies and can be taken regularly
A) Ne var ki dünyada en iyi televizyona without causing adverse reactions.
İngiltere’nin sahip olduğu görüşünün kabul A) Tıbbi araştırmalar, sarımsak gibi bazı doğal
görmesi kesinlikle imkansızdır. gıda maddelerinin bünyemiz ile uyum
B) Ama İngiltere’nin dünyada en iyi televizyona içinde olduğunu ve olumsuz tepkilere yol
sahip olduğu savı gittikçe daha güçlü destek açmadan düzenli olarak alınabileceğini ortaya
bulmaktadır. koymuştur.
C) Nitekim, dünyanın en iyi televizyonunun B) Sarımsak dahil birçok doğal gıda maddesinin
İngiltere’de olduğu görüşü gittikçe anlamını bünyemize çok yararlı olduğu ve herhangi
kaybetmektedir. bir olumsuz etkiye yol açmadan devamlı
alınabileceği görüşü, tıbbi araştırmalarda da
www.modadil.com
D) Fakat dünyada en iyi televizyon yayıncılığının destek bulmuştur.

İngiltere’de olduğu düşüncesi, bu gün daha da
güçlenmiştir. C) Tıp alanında araştırma yapanlar, sarımsak
gibi bünyemiz için yararlı olan ve hiçbir
E) Ancak, İngiltere’nin dünyada en iyi televizyona olumsuza etkiye yol açmayan doğal gıda
sahip olduğu görüşünü sürdürmek giderek maddelerinin sürekli alınması gerektiğini
zorlaşmıştır. belirtmektedir.
D) Tıbbi araştırmalar, sarımsak gibi bazı doğal
gıda maddelerinin ancak bünyemize yarar
sağlarsa ve herhangi bir olumsuz tepkiye
neden olmuyorsa sürekli alınabileceğini
ortaya koymuştur.
E) Tıp alanında araştırma yapanlar, bünyemiz
ile uyum içinde olan sarımsak gibi doğal
gıda maddelerinin, düzenli olarak alınsa
bile olumsuz tepkilere yol açmayacağını
savunmaktadır.
Test
29. Americans today are far more skeptical 31. We all know by now that many things which 3
about the value of new roads, bridges and constitute the basis of our future health and
sewage‑treatment plants especially when prosperity are in dire jeopardy.
they are located in their own immediate
environment. A) Artık hepimizce bilinmektedir ki bugün
tehlike içinde olan pek çok şey, gelecekteki
A) Bugün Amerikalılar, yeni yolların, köprülerin sağlığımız ve refahımız için birer temeldir.
ve arıtma tesislerinin değeri hakkındaki
şüpheciliklerini özellikle kendi yakın çevreleri B) Gelecekteki sağlığımızın ve mutluluğumuzun
için göstermektedir. temeli olan birtakım şeylerin bugün hangi
tehlikeler içinde olduğunu biliyoruz.
B) Bugün çok daha şüpheci olan Amerikalılar,
özellikle kendi yakın çevrelerindeki yeni C) Gelecekteki sağlığımızın ve huzurumuzun
yolların, köprülerin ve arıtma tesislerinin temelleri için büyük tehlike oluşturan şeylerin
değerini sorgulamaktadır. pek çoğu artık hepimizce bilinmektedir.
C) Bugün Amerikalılar, yeni yolların, köprülerin D) Çok iyi biliyoruz ki sağlığımızın ve refahımızın
ve arıtma tesislerinin değeri konusunda, geleceğinin temelleri olan pek çok şey bugün
özellikle bunlar kendi yakın çevrelerinde yer büyük bir tehlike ile karşı karşıyadır.
alıyorsa, çok daha şüphecidirler. E) Artık hepimiz biliyoruz ki gelecekteki
D) Bugün Amerikalılar, özellikle kendi sağlığımızın ve refahımızın temelini oluşturan
çevrelerinde yer alan yeni yolların, köprülerin pek çok şey korkunç bir tehlike altındadır.
ve arıtma tesislerinin değerini yeteri kadar
önemsememektedirler.
E) Bugün Amerikalılar, yeni yolların, köprülerin
ve arıtma tesislerinin değerini, bunlar kendi
173
çevrelerinde yer alsa bile, algılamaktan çok
uzaktırlar.
MODADİL
32. According to the “capitulations” generously

granted by the Ottoman sultans, the foreigners
operating within the Empire could import and
sell goods at any price they chose and were
30. Martin Scorsese’s controversial film takes largely exempt from taxes.
its story from Edith Wharton’s novel, which
appeared in 1920 and made her the first A) Osmanlı padişahlarınca cömertçe verilen
woman to receive the Pulitzer Prize for kapitülasyonlara göre, İmparatorluk içinde
literature. faaliyet gösteren yabancılar, malları, tercih
ettikleri herhangi bir fiyattan ithal edip
A) Martin Scorsese’nin tartışmalı filmi, öyküsünü, satabiliyorlardı ve büyük ölçüde vergiden
Edith Wharton’un 1920’de yayımlanan ve muaftılar.
onu Pulitzer Edebiyat Ödülü’nü alan ilk kadın
yapan romanından almaktadır. B) Osmanlı padişahlarının cömertçe verdiği
kapitülasyonlara göre, İmparatorluk içinde
B) Martin Scorsese’nin çok tartışılan filmi, ticaretle uğraşan yabancılar, istedikleri malı
1920’de yayımladığı romanıyla Pulitzer istedikleri fiyattan alıp satabiliyor ve tüm
Edebiyat Ödülü’nü alan ilk kadın Edith vergilerden muaf tutuluyorlardı.
www.modadil.com
Wharton’un öyküsünü anlatmaktadır.

C) Osmanlı padişahlarınca cömertçe verilen
C) Edith Martin 1920’de yazdığı ve kendisinin kapitülasyonlar sayesinde, İmparatorluk
Pulitzer Edebiyat Ödülü’nü alan ilk kadın içinde iş sahibi yabancılar, mallarını istedikleri
yapan romanı, Martin Scorsese’nin tartışmalı fiyattan ithal ediyor ve satıyor, üstelik çoğu hiç
filmine de konu olmuştur. vergi vermiyordu.
D) Martin Scorsese’nin tartışmaya açık filminin D) Osmanlı padişahlarınca cömertçe verdikleri
öyküsü, 1920’de yayımlandığında Edith kapitülasyonlarla, İmparatorlukta yaşayan
Wharton’un Pulitzer Edebiyat Ödülü’nü yabancılara, her türlü malı uygun gördükleri
alan ilk kadın olmasını sağlayan romanını fiyattan ithal edip satma ve vergilerin
anlatmaktadır. tamamından muaf olma hakkı tanımışlardı.
E) Martin Scorsese’nin çok tartışılan filminin E) Osmanlı padişahlarınca cömertçe verilen
öyküsünü, Pulitzer Edebiyat Ödülü’nü alan kapitülasyonlar sayesinde, İmparatorluk
ilk kadın olan Edith Wharton’un 1920’de içinde yerleşmiş olan yabancılar, istedikleri
yayımlanmış bir romanından çıkarılmıştır. malı, tercih ettikleri fiyattan ithal edip
pazarlıyor ve geniş bir vergi muafiyetinden
faydalanıyorlardı.
Test
3 33. The guest speaker pointed out that by 1880 35. At the heart of our problems is an economic
European powers had access to most of the system that separates producers from
markets in Asia’s coastal regions. consumers, alienates people from nature, and
undermines those values on which we truly
A) Konuk konuşmacının da belirttiği gibi, depend.
Avrupalı güçler, 1880’den beri, Asya’nın kıyı
bölgelerindeki pazarların pek çoğuna giriş A) Sorunlarımız, özde üreticileri ve tüketicileri
imtiyazına sahiptiler. bölen, insanları doğadan uzaklaştıran ve
dayandığımız değerleri kemiren ekonomik
B) Konuk konuşmacı, Avrupalı güçlerin, 1880’e sistemden kaynaklanmaktadır.
kadar Asya’nın kıyı bölgelerindeki pazarların
çoğuna giriş hakkını elde etmiş olduğunu B) Sorunlarımızın özünü, üreticilerin arasını
belirtti. açan, insanları doğadan ayıran ve bağlı
olduğumuz tüm değerleri küçümseyen

C) Avrupalı güçlerin çoğunun, Asya’nın kıyı ekonomik sistemimiz oluşturmaktadır.
bölgelerindeki pazarlara 1880’e kadar ulaşmış
olduğunu, konuk konuşmacı açık bir şekilde C) Sorunlarımızın özünde, üreticileri tüketiciden
ifade etti. ayıran, insanları doğaya karşı yabancılaştıran
ve gerçekten bağlı olduğumuz değerleri
D) Konuk konuşmacı, Avrupalı güçlerin Asya’nın zayıflatan ekonomik bir sistem vardır.
kıyı bölgelerindeki pek çok pazara giriş iznini
ancak 1880’de aldığını ileri sürdü. D) Esas itibariyle, tüm sorunlarımızı, üreticileri
tüketicilerden uzaklaştıran, insanları
E) Avrupalı güçlerin Asya’nın kıyı bölgelerindeki doğaya karşı yönlendiren ve gerçekten
pek çok pazara serbest giriş hakkını ancak benimsediğimiz değerleri ortadan kaldıran
1880’de elde edebildiğini, konuk konuşmacı ekonomik sistem oluşturmaktadır.
174 tarafından da vurgulandı.
E) Üreticilerle tüketicileri karşı karşıya getiren,
insanları doğadan koparan ve sahip
olduğumuz değerleri tamamen yok sayan
ekonomik sistem, tüm sorunlarımızın özünü
oluşturmaktadır.
MODADİL
34. The word “development” was first used in 36. Sustainable development is a key concept that
its contemporary context by the American needs to be analysed and debated before it
President, Harry Truman, in 1949 when he can be implemented by the underdeveloped
referred to the poorer countries of South countries in the world.
America as “underdeveloped areas”.
A) Sürdürülebilir gelişme, tanımlanmaya muhtaç
A) “Gelişme” sözcüğü, çağdaş anlamını 1949’da ve tartışılmaya açık; ancak dünyada az
yoksul Güney Amerika ülkelerinden ilk kez “az gelişmiş ülkelerin uygulamaları için içerikli bir
gelişmiş bölgeler” olarak söz eden Amerika kavramdır.
Başkanı Harry Truman sayesinde kazanmıştır.
B) Sürdürülebilir gelişme, dünyada az gelişmiş
B) “Gelişme” sözcüğü, çağdaş bağlamda ilk ülkelerce uygulanabilmesi için öncelikle
kez 1949’da Amerika Başkanı Harry Truman tanımlanması ve yorumlanması gereken
tarafından, kendisi Güney Amerika’nın yoksul sağlam bir kavramdır.
ülkelerinden “az gelişmiş bölgeler” olarak söz
ettiğinde kullanılmıştır. C) Sürdürülebilir gelişme, tartışılması ve
www.modadil.com
yorumlanması gereken; ancak dünyadaki az

C) Amerika Başkanı Harry Truman ilk kez gelişmiş ülkelerin uygulayabileceği yararlı bir
1949’da Güney Amerika’nın yoksul ülkelerine kavramdır.
“az gelişmiş ülkeler” olarak gönderme
yaptığında, “gelişme” sözcüğü çağdaş bir D) Sürdürülebilir gelişme, dünyadaki az gelişmiş
anlam edinmiştir. ülkelerce uygulanmadan önce, irdelenmesi ve
tartışılması gereken bir kavramdır.
D) 1949’da Güney Amerika’nın yoksul
ülkelerinden “az gelişmiş ülkeler” olarak E) Sürdürülebilir gelişme, dünyadaki az gelişmiş
söz eden Amerika Başkanı Harry Truman, ülkelerin uygulamaya koymadan önce iyice
“gelişme” sözcüğünü ilk kez çağdaş bağlamda tanımaları ve yorumlamaları gereken çok
kullanan kişi olmuştur. önemli bir kavramdır.
E) “Gelişme” sözcüğünü ilk kez çağdaş
bağlamda kullanan, 1949’da yoksul Güney
Amerika ülkelerinden “az gelişmiş bölgeler”
olarak söz eden Amerika Başkanı Harry
Truman’dır.
Test
37. The last issue of the journal contains all 39. What retrieved the country from bankruptcy 3
the arguments one could think of against and spun it into an economic boom was the
globalisation. massive inflow of foreign capital.
A) Derginin son sayısı. küreselleşmeye karşı A) Ülkeyi iflastan kurtarmak ve ekonomik
düşünülebilecek tüm görüşleri içermektedir. canlanmayı hızlandırmak için geniş çaplı bir
yabancı sermaye akışı gerekiyordu.
B) Küreselleşme için düşünülüp geliştirilebilecek
öneriler, derginin son sayısında yer B) Güçlü bir yabancı sermaye akışı ile ülke
almaktadır. iflastan çıkmış ve hızla ekonomik büyümeye
geçmiştir.
C) Küreselleşme konusunda düşünülebilecek
her türlü ayrıntı, derginin son sayısında C) Ülkenin iflastan kurtuluşu ve hızlı bir ekonomik
işlenmektedir. büyümeye yönelişi, muazzam bir yabancı
sermaye girişi ile sağlanmıştır.
D) Derginin son sayısındaki yorum ve görüşler,
küreselleşmeye karşı olanlara aittir. D) Ülkeyi iflasın eşiğinden döndüren ve
ekonomik canlanmaya yönelten etkenin, güçlü
E) Derginin son sayısında, küreselleşmeye karşı bir yabancı sermaye girişi olduğu bellidir.
olan herkesin görüş ve düşüncelerine yer
verilmektedir. E) Ülkeyi iflastan çekip çıkarmış ve onu
ekonomik bir canlanmaya yönetmiş olan
muazzam yabancı sermaye akışı idi.
175
MODADİL
38. In this article, the author, who is a noted 40. In the first place, we should ask how it is
economist, describes why the economic possible for a wet rainforest to be ruined by
decline in South America in the 1980s was fire.
inevitable.
A) Öncelikle yoğun nem içeren yağmur
A) Bu makalede, yazar, ünlü bir iktisatçı olarak, ormanlarının yangınla tahrip edilip
1980’li yıllarda Güney Amerika’da yaşanan edilemeyeceğini araştırmanız gerekmektedir.
ekonomik çöküşün niçin durdurulamadığını
ayrıntılarıyla anlatmaktadır. B) İlk önce bizce çok yağış alan bir yağmur
ormanının yangınlarla yok edilmesinin nasıl
B) Bu makalede, önemli bir iktisatçı olan yazar, mümkün olduğu araştırılması gereken bir
Güney Amerika’da 1980’lerde görülen konudur.
ekonomik gerilemenin kaçınılmaz sonuçlarını
açıklamaktadır. C) Öncelikle sorgulamamız gereken, nemli
bir yağmur ormanını tahrip edebilecek bir
C) Bu makalede, 1980’li yıllarda Güney yangının nasıl ortaya çıktığıdır.
www.modadil.com
Amerika’da görülen ekonomik bunalımın

nedenleri ünlü bir iktisatçı tarafından D) Her şeyden önce, nemli bir yağmur ormanının
açıklanmaktadır. yangınla tahrip edilmesinin nasıl mümkün
olduğunu sormamız gerekiyor.
D) Bu makalede, 1980’lerde Güney Amerika’da
ortaya çıkan ekonomik durgunluğun niçin E) Her şeyden önce, yoğun yağış alan yağmur
önlenemediği saygın bir iktisatçı yazar ormanlarının yangınlarla yok edilmesinin
tarafından anlatılmaktadır. mümkün olup olmayacağını sormalıyız.
E) Bu makalede, tanınmış bir iktisatçı olan yazar,
1980’lerde Güney Amerika’da ekonomik
gerilemenin niçin kaçınılmaz olduğunu
anlatmaktadır.
Test
3 41. The proceedings in the English Parliament 43. Today the more we learn through science and
during the past decade confirm the opinion technology, the farther the limits of what we
that scientific issues are becoming more don’t know spread out towards infinity.
important in political decision making.
A) Bugün bilim ve teknoloji yardımıyla çok şey
A) Bilimsel konuların, siyasi karar alma sürecini öğreniyor olsak da hala bilmediklerimizin
giderek daha fazla etkilediği gerçeği sınırlarını sonsuzluğun derinliklerine kadar
İngiliz Parlamentosu’nun geçen on yıllık uzanmaktadır.
tutanaklarından anlaşılmaktadır.
B) Bugünün bilim ve teknolojisiyle
B) İngiliz Parlamentosu’nun geçen on yıllık öğrendiklerimiz, eskiden çok olsa da
süreye ilişkin tutanakları, siyasi kararlarda bilmediğimiz şeylerin sınırları derin bir
bilimsel konuların her zaman için önemli sonsuzluğa doğru uzanıyor.
olduğu gerçeğini ortaya koymaktadır.

C) Bugün bilim ve teknoloji vasıtasıyla çok şey
C) İngiliz Parlamentosu’ndaki son on yıllık öğreniyoruz; ancak, bilmediklerimizin sınırları
süreye ilişkin tutanaklar, bilimsel konuların büyük bir sonsuzluk içinde kalmaya devam
siyasi karar almada giderek daha çok önem ediyor.
kazanmakta olduğu görüşünü teyit etmektedir.
D) Bugün bilim ve teknolojiden yararlanarak
D) Siyasi kararlarda bilimsel konuların çok şey öğrenmemize karşın, bilmediklerimiz
daha önemli olmaya başladığı, İngiliz uçsuz bucaksız bir sonsuzluk teşkil
Parlamentosu’ndaki geçen on yıllık etmektedir.
tutanakların incelenmesiyle anlaşılmıştır.
E) Bugün bilim ve teknoloji vasıtasıyla ne kadar
E) Son on yılda bilimsel konuların, İngiliz çok öğreniyorsak, bilmediklerimizin sınırları da
176 Parlamentosu’nda alınan siyasi kararlarda
önemli bir yer tutmaya başladığı gerçeği,
o kadar çok sonsuzluğa doğru uzanmaktadır.
tutanaklardan anlaşılmaktadır.
MODADİL
42. The question we have to answer is how the 44. In sunny days, plants receive far more energy
60 trillion cells composing the human body through photosynthesis than they can use.
communicate with each other and keep the A) Bitkilerin güneşli günlerde fotosentez yoluyla
body as a whole in balance. aldıkları enerji gereksinimlerini karşılar.
A) Bizce ilk önce cevaplanması gereken soru, B) Bitkiler; güneş ışığından fotosentez sırasında
60 trilyon hücreden oluşan insan vücudunun harcayabileceklerinden daha fazla enerji
nasıl iletişim sağladığı ve bir bütün olarak alırlar.
nasıl dengede kaldığıdır.
C) Güneşli günlerde bitkiler fotosentez yoluyla
B) Cevaplamamız gereken soru, insan vücudunu harcayabileceklerinden çok daha fazla enerji
oluşturan 60 trilyon hücrenin birbiriyle nasıl alırlar.
www.modadil.com
iletişim kurduğu ve vücudu bir bütün olarak

nasıl dengede tuttuğudur. D) Bitkiler, güneşli günlerde fotosentez yoluyla
güneş ışığından aldıkları enerjiyi kullanırlar.
C) Bizce, insan vücudunda yer alan 60 trilyon
hücrenin birbiriyle nasıl iletişim kurduğu ve E) Bitkiler, kullanabilecekleri enerjiyi fotosentez
vücudu genel olarak nasıl dengede tuttuğu yoluyla güneşli günlerde daha fazla alabilirler.
hala cevap bekleyen bir sorudur.
D) İnsan vücudunu oluşturan ve vücut
bütünlüğünü dengede tutan 60 trilyon
hücrenin birbiriyle nasıl iletişim kurduğu
sorusu cevabını bulmalıdır.
E) Öncelikle cevaplanması gereken soru insan
vücudundaki 60 trilyon hücrenin, vücut
dengesini sağlamak için birbiriyle nasıl iletişim
kurduğudur.
Test
45. Over the years, magazines like The Economist 47. Many people think that multinationals are more 3
have spread the idea that financial growth powerful than nation states and that they are
means “development” and that this determined to destroy anything that reduces
“development” is good for the Third World. their profits.
A) Kalkınmanın mâli büyüme anlamına geldiği A) Birçok insan, çok uluslu şirketlerin ulus
ve bunun Üçüncü Dünya için çok yaralı devletlerinden daha güçlü olduğunu ve
olabileceği düşüncesi, The Economist dergisi bunların kârlarını azaltan her şeyi yok etmeye
tarafından yıllardan beri anlatılmaktadır. kararlı olduğunu düşünüyor.
B) ‘Kalkınma’nın mâli büyümeyi gerektirdiği ve B) Birçok insan, kârlarını kısıtlayan her şeyi
bu ‘büyümenin’ Üçüncü Dünya için yararlı yok etmeye hazır oldukları için, çok uluslu
olduğu düşüncesini The Economist gibi şirketlerin ulus devletlerinden çok daha güçlü
dergiler yıllarca vurgulamıştır. olduğunu düşünüyor.
C) The Economist gibi dergiler, mâli büyümenin C) Birçok insan, çok uluslu şirketler ulus
‘kalkınma’ olduğu düşüncesini ve Üçüncü devlerinden daha güçlü olduğu için,
Dünya’nın böyle bir ‘kalkınma’yı hedef alması bunların kârlarına yönelik bir engeli ortadan
gerektiğini yıllarca savunmuştur. kaldırabileceğini düşünmektedir.
D) Yıllardan beri The Economist ve benzeri D) Çoğu insanın düşündüğü gibi, çokuluslu
diğer dergiler Üçüncü Dünya için yararlı olan şirketler ulus devlerinden daha güçlüdür ve
‘kalkınma’nın, mâli büyüme ile aynı anlama bunlar kâr etmelerine engel olan her şeyi
geldiğini savunmaktadır. ortadan kaldırmaya kararlıdır.
E) Yıllar boyunca, The Economist gibi dergiler E) Çok uluslu şirketlerin ulus devletlerinden daha
mali büyümenin ‘kalkınma’ anlamına geldiğini
ve bu ‘kalkınma’nın Üçüncü Dünya için yararlı
güçlü olmalarının onlara, kârlarını azaltan her
şeyi ortadan kaldırma gücü verdiğini düşünen
177
olduğu düşüncesini yaydılar. birçok insan vardır.
MODADİL
46. It is well known that regional political disputes 48. Most of the developing countries, with rapidly
over scarce natural resources may cause growing populations in Asia, Africa and Latin
troubles that go beyond the boundaries of a America, find it difficult to invest enough in
single region. education.
A) Tek bir bölgenin sınırlarını aşan sorunların, A) Nüfusu hızla artmakta olan Asya, Afrika
yetersiz doğal kaynaklar nedeniyle ve Latin Amerika’da, gelişmekte olan çok
bölgesel politik huzursuzluklara yol açacağı sayıda ülke eğitime yeterli kaynak ayırmakta
bilinmektedir. zorlanıyor.
B) Bir bölgede doğal kaynakların yetersiz B) Asya, Afrika ve Latin Amerika’da nüfusu hızla
www.modadil.com
olmasının, o bölgenin dışında bazı artan gelişmekte olan ülkelerin çoğu, eğitime
politik rahatsızlıklara yol açacağı çok iyi yeterli yatırım yapmakta güçlük çekiyor.
bilinmektedir.
C) Asya, Afrika ve Latin Amerika’daki hızlı nüfus
C) Gayet iyi bilinmektedir ki kıt doğal kaynaklara artışı, gelişmekte olan ülkeleri eğitime daha
ilişkin bölgesel politik anlaşmazlıklar tek bir fazla yatırım yapmaya itiyor.
bölgenin sınırlarını aşan sorunlara yol açabilir.
D) Nüfustaki hızlı artış nedeniyle, Asya, Afrika,
D) Gayet iyi bilinmektedir ki doğal kaynakların Latin Amerika’daki gelişmekte olan ülkelerin
kıt olmasıyla ilgili bölgesel siyasi sorunlar o çoğunun eğitime yeterli yatırım yapması
bölgenin sınırlarını aşar. giderek zorlaşıyor.
E) Doğal kaynakların kıt olmasının yol açtığı E) Asya, Afrika ve Latin Amerika’da eğitime
bölgesel politik sorunların tek bir bölgeyle yeterli yatırım yapmakta güçlük çeken ve
sınırlı kalmadığı çok iyi bilinmektedir. nüfusu hızla artan birçok gelişmekte olan ülke
vardır.
Test
3 49. The European Molecular Biology Council, 50. According to a report published last week,
which represents the member states of the annual stipends for British graduate students
European Union, will coordinate advanced should be increased by more than a third.
research into genetics.
A) Geçen hafta yayımlanan bir rapora göre,
A) Genetik alanında ileri araştırmaların İngiliz lisansüstü öğrencilerinin yıllık bursları
eşgüdümünü sağlayacak olan Avrupa üçte birden daha fazla artırılmalıdır.
Moleküler Biyoloji Konseyi Avrupa Birliği’ne
üye devletlerin temsilcilerinden meydana B) Geçen hafta açıklanan rapora göre, İngiliz
gelmektedir. lisansüstü öğrencileri harçlarının yıllık olarak
üçte birden daha fazla artması gerekir.
B) Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin oluşturduğu
Avrupa Moleküler Biyoloji Konseyi, genetik C) Geçen hafta yayımlanan bir rapora göre,
alanındaki araştırmaları destekleyecektir. İngiliz lisansüstü öğrencilerinin üçte birinden

daha fazlasının yıllık burslarının artırılması
C) Genetik alanında ileri araştırmaların zorunludur.
eşgüdümü, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin
oluşturduğu Avrupa Moleküler Biyoloji Konseyi D) Geçen hafta yayımlanan bir rapor
tarafından sağlanabilir. doğrultusunda, İngiliz lisansüstü öğrenci
harçlarının her yıl üçte bir oranından daha
D) Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletleri temsil eden fazla arttırılmasına karar verildi.
Avrupa Moleküler Biyoloji Konseyi, genetik
alanındaki iler araştırmaların eşgüdümünü E) Geçen hafta açkılanmış olan bir rapora
sağlayacaktır. dayanarak, İngiliz lisansüstü öğrencilerine
yapılan yıllık ödemeler üçte birden daha fazla
E) Avrupa Moleküler Biyoloji Konseyi, Avrupa arttırıldı.
178 Birliği’ne üye devletlerin genetik alanında
yürüttüğü yoğun araştırmaların eşgüdümünü
sağlayacak.
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
2. Japan’s Prime Minister, Yoshiro Mori, has
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye warned Japanese researchers to avoid a
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. proposed international project to clone
humans.
1. As it was also pointed out by one of the
speakers this morning, the colonial history of A) Japonya Başbakanı Yoshiro Mori’nin yaptığı
America is in part the story of the expansion uyarı üzerine, Japon araştırmacılar insanları
of Europe and of the rivalries of European klonlamak için başlatılan uluslararası projede
nations for territorial gains. yer almayacaklar.
A) Bu sabah da konuşmacılardan biri, B) Japon araştırmacılar, insanları klonlamak

Amerika’nın koloni dönemi tarihinde gerek amacıyla yürütülen hiçbir uluslararası projeye
Avrupa’nın yayılmacılığına gerekse Avrupa katılmamaları konusunda Başbakan Yoshiro
devletlerinin toprak elde etmek için birbirleriyle Mori tarafından uyarılmıştır.
çatışmalarına ilişkin öykülerin önemli bir yeri C) Japon araştırmacılar, Başbakan Yoshiro
olduğunu vurguladı. Mori tarafından uyarıldıkları için, insanları
B) Bu sabahki konuşmacılardan birinin klonlamaya yönelik uluslararası hiçbir projeye
belirttiğine göre, koloni dönemi Amerikan katılmamaya karar verdiler.
tarihi, belli bir noktaya kadar, hem Avrupa’nın D) Japonya Başbakanı Yoshiro Mori, insanları
genişlemesinin hem de Avrupa devletlerinin klonlamak için teklif edilmiş olan uluslararası
toprak kazanımına yönelik rekabetlerin bir bir projeden uzak durmaları konusunda Japon 179
öyküsü olarak algılanır. araştırmacıları uyarmıştır.
C) Bu sabah konuşmacılardan biri tarafından E) Japonya Başbakanı Yoshiro Mori’nin yaptığı
da belirtildiği gibi, Amerika’nın koloni dönemi uyarılar, Japon araştırmacıların insanları
tarihi, bir bakıma, Avrupa’nın yayılmasının klonlamak için uygulamaya konulan
ve toprak kazanımı için Avrupa devletlerinin uluslararası projeden çekilmelerine sebep
rekabetinin bir öyküsüdür. oldu.
MODADİL
D) Konuşmacılardan bir tanesinin bu sabah

iddia ettiği gibi, koloni dönemi Amerikan tarihi,
kısmen de olsa, Avrupa’nın büyümesinin
değil, Avrupa devletlerinin toprak elde etme
mücadelelerinin bir öyküsüdür.
E) Bu sabahki bir konuşmacının vurguladığı
gibi, Avrupa’nın yayılma isteği ve Avrupa
devletlerinin toprak kazanmak için birbirleriyle
çatışmalarının öyküsü bir dereceye kadar,
koloni dönemi Amerikan tarihini oluşturur.
www.modadil.com
Test
4 3. In a report prepared by a bipartisan committee, 4. A balanced diet containing correct amounts

it is recommended that the President should of the basic food substances is essential,
give his science adviser more authority to but there is no evidence that when, or at
set research objectives and coordinate the what intervals, one eats makes the slightest
budgets of the 20 or so research agencies. difference.
A) İki partili bir kurul tarafından hazırlanan A) Dengeli beslenmenin temel gıda maddelerini
raporda, Başkan’ın, araştırma hedeflerini yeterli miktarda içermesi şarttır, ancak ne
belirlemede ve 20 kadar araştırma zaman ve hangi aralıklarla yemek yenildiğinin
kuruluşunun bütçelerinin eşgüdümünü bu hususta herhangi bir fark yaratmadığı
sağlamada kendi bilim danışmanına daha çok ispatlanmıştır.
yetki vermesi tavsiye edilmektedir.
B) Dengeli beslenmede doğru miktarda
B) Karma bir kurul tarafından hazırlanan bulunması şart olan temel gıda maddelerinin
raporda, Başkan’ın bilim danışmanıyla birlikte ne zaman ve hangi aralıklarla yenmesi
araştırma politikalarının ortaya konması gerektiğine ilişkin en ufak bir kanıt
ve 20’ye yakın araştırma kuruluşunun bulunamamıştır.
bütçelerinin eşgüdümünün sağlanması
için daha çok yetki kullanması tavsiye C) Temel gıda maddelerini doğru miktarlarda
edilmektedir. içeren dengeli bir beslenme esastır, ancak
ne zaman veya hangi aralıklarla yemek
C) Başkan, iki partili bir kurulun hazırladığı yenildiğinin en ufak bir fark oluşturduğuna
rapordaki öneriye uyarak, kendi bilim ilişkin kanıt bulunmamaktadır.
danışmanına araştırma hedeflerini ortaya
koymak ve 20 kadar araştırma kuruluşunun D) Dengeli olması için beslenmenin temel
bütçeleri arasında eşgüdüm sağlamak gıda maddelerini doğru oranlarda içermesi
180 konusunda daha çok yetki vermiştir. önemlidir, ancak yemeğin ne zaman veya
hangi aralıklarla yenmesi gerektiği konusunda
D) İki partinin üyelerinde oluşan kurul, en ufak bir kanıt henüz yoktur.
hazırladıkları raporda, araştırma alanlarını
belirlemek ve 20’ye yakın araştırma E) Dengeli beslenmek için esas olan temel gıda
kuruluşunun bütçeleri arasında eşgüdüm maddelerinin ne miktarda yenmesi gerektiği
sağlamak amacıyla bilim danışmanlarına bilinmektedir, fakat bunların yenme zamanı
daha fazla yetki verilmesini Başkan’a ve aralıklarının nasıl bir fark yaratacağı
konusunda kesin bir bilgi yoktur.
MODADİL
önermiştir.
E) Karma bir kurul tarafından hazırlanan raporda
yer alan önerilerden biri de Başkan’ın
bilim danışmanına, araştırma hedeflerini
ortaya koyması ve 20’den fazla araştırma
kuruluşunun bütçelerinin eşgüdümünü
yapması konusunda tam yetki vermesidir.
www.modadil.com
Test
5. The Beni‑Israel is a Jewish community of 7. As some columnists have also pointed out, 4
some thousands, known as the White Jews the year 2000 was a year in which the world
and found chiefly in Bombay and the coastal shifted its balance.
towns of south‑west India.
A) Bazı köşe yazarlarının belirttiğine göre,
A) Birkaç bin kişiden oluşan Beni‑İsrail Yahudi dünyadaki dengeler 2000 yılında oldukça
topluluğu, genellikle Beyaz Yahudilerden değişmiştir.
oluşur ve bunlar Güneybatı Hindistan’ın
Bombay ve öteki kıyı kentlerinde toplanmıştır. B) 2000 yılında dünyanın dengesini değiştirdiği,
bazı köşe yazarlarının ortak görüşüdür.
B) Bombay ve Güneybatı Hindistan’ın kıyı
kentlerinde yaşayan birkaç bin nüfuslu C) Bazı köşe yazarları, 2000 yılında dünyanın
Beni‑İsrail Yahudi topluluğu, genellikle Beyaz dengesinin değiştiği konusunda aynı fikirdedir.
Yahudiler olarak bilinmektedir. D) Bazı köşe yazarlarının da belirttiği gibi, 2000
C) Birkaç bin nüfuslu bir Yahudi topluluğu yılı, dünyanın dengesini değiştirdiği yıl oldu.
olan Beni‑İsrail içinde Beyaz Yahudiler E) Bazı köşe yazarlarının da vurguladığı gibi,
olarak tanınanlar, Bombay dahil Güneybatı dünya dengesinin en çok değiştiği yıl, 2000
Hindistan’ın kıyı kentlerinde bulunmaktadır. yılıdır.
D) Beni‑İsrail olarak bilinen ve nüfusu birkaç bini
geçmeyen Beyaz Yahudi topluluğu, Bombay
dahil Güneybatı Hindistan’ın kıyı kentlerinde
yaşar.
E) Beni‑İsrail Beyaz Yahudiler olarak bilinen ve
genellikle Bombay ve Güneybatı Hindistan’ın
kıyı kentlerinde bulunan birkaç bin nüfuslu bir
181
Yahudi topluluğudur.
MODADİL
6. The German poet Gottfried Benn, who was 8. Ten years ago, there was not enough
born in Prussia, spent most of his life in Berlin electricity available in the region to support
as a medical specialist. the extraordinary growth we have experienced
A) Prusya’da doğmuş olan Alman şair Gottfried over the last two years.
Benn, yaşamının büyük bir bölümünü A) Son iki yılda gözlemlediğimiz hızlı büyümeyi
Berlin’de tıp uzmanı olarak geçirdi. destekleyecek kadar elektrik, son on yıl içinde
B) Prusya doğumlu olan Alman şair Gottfried bile üretilmemişti.
Benn, bir tıp uzmanı olarak tüm yaşamını B) Son iki yılda gördüğümüz muazzam büyümeyi
Berlin’de geçirdi. desteklemek için on yıl öncesinde bölgede
C) Prusya’da doğan Alman şair Gottfried Benn, yeterli elektrik bulunması zorunluydu.
Berlin’deki yaşamını hep tıp alanındaki C) On yıl önce, bölgede son iki yılda yaşadığımız
www.modadil.com
çalışmalarla geçirmiştir. olağanüstü büyümeyi destekleyecek yeterli

D) Prusya’da doğan ve bir tıp uzmanı olan Alman elektrik mevcut değildi.
şair Gottfried Benn, yaşamının hemen hemen D) On yıl öncesi gibi, son iki yılda görülen
tümünü Berlin’de geçirmiştir. olağanüstü büyümeyi desteklemeye yetecek
E) Yaşamının büyük bir bölümünü Berlin’de elektrik yoktu.
geçiren Alman şair Gottfried Benn, Prusya’da E) On yıl önce bölgede elektrik bulunmadığı için
doğmuş bir tıp uzmanıydı. son iki yıldan beri görülen muazzam büyümeyi
desteklemek çok zor oldu.
Test
4 9. At the end of World War I the great powers 11. Old Istanbul, enclosed within the still
felt that international relations should be impressive walls, largely retains the air of
conducted solely on the basis of justice. an ancient city, with clusters of picturesque
old houses, historical monuments and the
A) I. Dünya Savaşı’nın sonunda güçlenen splendour of the Ottoman period.
devletler, uluslararası ilişkilerin tamamen
adalet temeli üzerine oturtulmasını istiyorlardı. A) Pek çok renkli, eski evleri ve tarihi anıtlarıyla
Osmanlı döneminin ihtişamını büyük
B) I. Dünya Savaşı sonunda, büyük güçler ölçüde korumakta olan eski İstanbul, hala
uluslararası ilişkilerin sadece adalet etkileyici surların içinde eski bir kent havasını
temeli üzerinde sürdürülmesi gerektiğini yansıtmaktadır.
düşünüyorlardı.
B) Sıra sıra renkli eski evleri, tarihi anıtları ve
C) I. Dünya Savaşı sonunda, büyük güçler Osmanlı döneminin ihtişamıyla eski bir kent
yalnızca adalet temeline dayalı olan havasını büyük ölçüde korumakta olan eski
uluslararası ilişkilerin doğru olduğuna İstanbul, her zaman etkileyici görünümdeki
inanıyorlardı. surlarla çevrilidir.
D) Büyük devletlerin I. Dünya Savaşı sonundaki C) Halen eski bir kent havasını taşıyan eski
ortak görüşü, uluslararası ilişkilerin tamamen İstanbul, etkileyici muazzam surları, yer
adalet temeli üzerine kurulması gerektiği yer renkli eski evleri ve tarihi anıtlarıyla
yolundaydı. Osmanlı döneminin ihtişamını büyük ölçüde
E) I. Dünya Savaşı sonunda, uluslararası korumaktadır.
ilişkilerin sadece adalet temeli üzerinde D) Hala etkileyici surların içine kapanmış
yürütülmesi gerektiğine inanan devletler olan eski İstanbul, küme küme renkli eski
182 büyük bir güç haline geldi. evleri, tarihi anıtları ve Osmanlı döneminin
ihtişamıyla büyük ölçüde eski bir kent
havasını korumaktadır.
E) Etkileyici muazzam surlarla çevrili eski
İstanbul, yer yer renkli eski evleri ve tarihi
anıtlarıyla Osmanlı döneminin ihtişamını
anımsatan eski bir kent havasını büyük
ölçüde sürdürmektedir.
MODADİL
10. Some psychologists are of the opinion that

self‑interest is the basic reason why humans
tend to cooperate.
A) Bazı psikologlar, insanların işbirliği yapmaya
eğilimli olmalarında temel nedenin, kişisel
çıkar olduğu görüşündedirler.
B) Bazı psikologların düşüncesine göre, insanları
işbirliği yapmaya zorlayan ana etken kişisel
www.modadil.com
çıkardır.
C) Bazı psikologlara göre, kişisel çıkarlar,
insanları işbirliği yapmaya eğimli yapar.
D) Bazı psikologlar, insanların işbirliği
yapmasının temelinde, kişisel çıkarları
görüyorlar.
E) Bazı psikologların da belirttiği gibi, kişisel
çıkar, insanların işbirliği yapma eğiliminde
olmalarının başlıca nedenidir.
Test
12. Since the British Factories Act of 1961 does 14. In the article, it is pointed out that, between 4
not give an explicit statutory definition World War l and World War ll, Hungary
of the term “accident”, the courts have exported up to 20% of its total annual
defined “accident” as “any unintended and agricultural output.
unexpected occurrence which produces hurt
or loss”. A) Makalede, I. Dünya Savaşı ile II. Dünya
Savaşı arasında, Macaristan’ın tarımsal
A) 1961 İngiliz Fabrikalar Yasası “kaza” ihracatının, toplam üretiminin % 20’sini
sözcüğünün anlaşılabilir bir yasal tanımını aşmadığı iddia edilmektedir.
vermediği için, “kaza”, mahkemelerce
“zarara veya kayba neden olan kasıtsız ve B) Makalede de belirtildiği gibi, I. Dünya Savaşı
beklenmedik bir olay” olarak tanımlanmıştır. ile II. Dünya Savaşı arasında, Macaristan,
yıllık tarımsal üretiminin % 20’sini ihraç
B) 1961 İngiliz Fabrikalar Yasası “kaza” ediyordu.
sözcüğünün açık bir mevzuat tanımını
vermediği için, mahkemeler, “kaza” yı, “zarara C) Makalede, I. Dünya Savaşı ile II. Dünya
veya kayba yol açan kasıtsız ve beklenmedik Savaşı arasında, Macaristan’ın, toplam
bir olay” olarak tanımlamışlardır. tarımsal üretiminin ancak %20’sini ihraç
edebildiği hususu vurgulanmaktadır.
C) “Kaza” sözcüğünün yeterli bir yasal
tanımı 1961 İngiliz Fabrikalar Yasası’nda D) I. Dünya Savaşı ile II. Dünya Savaşı arasında
verilmediğinden, bu sözcüğün tanımı, Macaristan’ın toplam tarımsal ihracatının,
mahkemelerce, “zarar veya kayıp yaratan yıllık üretimin % 20’si civarında olduğu,
kasıtsız ve beklenmeyen bir olay” olarak makalede açıkça ortaya konmaktadır.
belirlenmiştir. E) Makalede, I. Dünya Savaşı ile II. Dünya
D) “Kaza” sözcüğünün tartışmasız yasal bir Savaşı arasında, Macaristan’ın toplam yıllık
tarımsal üretiminin %20 kadarını ihraç ettiği
183
tanımı 1961 İngiliz Fabrikalar Yasası’nda
verilmemiş olduğu için, mahkemelere göre, belirtilmektedir.
“kaza”, “zarara veya kayba neden olan
kasıtsız ve beklenmedik bir olaydır.
E) 1961 İngiliz Fabrikalar Yasası “kaza”
sözcüğünün bir tanımını vermediği için,
mahkemeler “kaza”yı, “kayba yol açan
MODADİL
beklenmedik bir olay” olarak açıklamışlardır.
15. The word “intelligence”, when used in its

military sense, has a wide application and
covers the collection of all information likely to
be required by the government of a country in
time of war.
A) Savaş zamanında bir ülkenin hükümeti
13. One of the most important facts to know about tarafından gereksinim duyulan tüm bilgilerin
energy is that any form of energy can be toplanması anlamını içeren “istihbarat”
changed into any other form. sözcüğü, askeri anlamda kullanıldığında çok
geniş bir uygulama alanına sahiptir.
A) Herhangi bir enerji türünün başka bir enerji
türüne dönüştürülebilmesi enerji hakkında B) “İstihbarat” sözcüğü, askeri anlamda
bilinmesi gereken en önemli gerçektir. kullanıldığında, geniş bir uygulamaya sahiptir
ve savaş zamanında bir ülkenin hükümetince
www.modadil.com
B) Enerjiyle ilgili olarak bilinmesi gereken en gereksinim duyulması muhtemel olan tüm
önemli gerçek, herhangi bir enerji türünün bilgilerin toplanmasını içerir.
başka bir enerji türüne dönüşebilmesidir.
C) Çok geniş bir uygulama alanına sahip
C) Enerji hakkında bilinmesi gereken en önemli olan “istihbarat” sözcüğü, askeri anlamda
gerçeklerden biri, herhangi bir enerji türünün kullanıldığında, savaş zamanında bir ülkenin
herhangi başka bir türe dönüştürülebilmesidir. hükümetince gereksinim duyulabilecek her
türlü bilginin derlenmesi anlamına gelir.
D) Bir enerji türünün başka bir türe
dönüşebilmesi konusu, enerji hakkında D) Askeri anlamda kullanıldığında geniş bir
bilinmesi gereken en önemli gerçektir. uygulamaya sahip olan “istihbarat” sözcüğü,
savaş esnasında bir ülkenin hükümetince
E) Enerjiye ilişkin bilinmesi gereken önemli gereksinim duyulan bazı bilgilerin derlenmesi
gerçeklerden biri, enerjinin bir türünden başka anlamına gelir.
bir türüne dönüştürülebilmesidir.
E) Bir ülkenin hükümetince savaş esnasında
gereksinim duyulabilecek her türlü bilginin
toplanması, askeri anlamda kullanıldığında
geniş bir uygulama alanına sahip olan
“istihbarat” sözcüğüyle ifade edilir.
Test
4 16. The enormous number of tablets, discovered 18. Taxes imposed by governments on goods and
since 1906 at Boğazköy, which is the site of services are called “indirect taxes” because
the ancient capital Hattuşaş, have contributed they are in some form eventually paid by
greatly to a better understanding of Hittite consumers.
history.
A) Hükümetlerce mal ve hizmetlere konulan
A) 1906’dan beri, eski başkent Hattuşaş’ın vergilere “dolaylı vergiler” adı verilir, çünkü
yerindeki Boğazköy’de, Hitit tarihini daha iyi bunlar sonuçta bir şekilde tüketicilerce ödenir.
anlayabilmemize çok büyük katkı sağlayan
çok sayıda tablet bulunmuştur. B) “Dolaylı vergiler” hükümetlerin mal ve
hizmetlere koyduğu vergilerdir, çünkü bunlar
B) Hitit tarihinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesine şu veya bu şekilde tüketicilere ödettirilir.
önemli katkı sağlayan çok sayıdaki tablet,
eski başkent Hattuşaş’ın bulunduğu yer olan C) Hükümetlerin bazı mal ve hizmetlere
Boğazköy’de 1906’dan sonra çıkarılmıştır. koyduğu vergilere “dolaylı vergiler” denir,
çünkü bunların ödenmesi şu veya bu şekilde
C) 1906’dan beri Boğazköy’de çıkarılan çok tüketiciler tarafından yapılmaktadır.
sayıdaki tablet, eski başkent Hattuşaş’ın yerini
ve Hitit tarihini daha iyi anlamamıza önemli D) “Dolaylı vergiler”, hükümetler tarafından mal
katkı sağlamıştır. ve hizmetlere konulan vergilere denir, çünkü
sonuçta bunları tüketiciler ödemek zorundadır.
D) Hitit tarihini daha iyi anlayabilmemize büyük
katkı sağlayan çok sayıdaki tabletin 1906’dan E) Mal ve hizmetlere hükümetlerce konulan
beri çıkarıldığı Boğazköy, eski başkent vergiler “dolaylı vergiler” dir, çünkü sonuçta
Hattuşaş’ın yerindedir. bunları şu veya bu şekilde sadece tüketicilerin
ödemesi beklenir.
184 E) Eski başkent Hattuşaş’ın yeri olan
Boğazköy’de, 1906’dan beri ortaya çıkarılan
çok sayıdaki tablet Hitit tarihinin daha iyi
anlaşılmasına büyük katkı sağlamıştır.
MODADİL
17. In 1719, Daniel Defoe, who is regarded by

most people as being the first major English 19. The present surfaces of the Moon, Mars and
novelist, published Robinson Crusoe which Mercury clearly show that, like other planets,
is based upon the actual adventures of the these have also been subjected, since their
famous mariner Alexander Selkirk. formation, to bombardment by meteorites.
A) Ünlü denizci Alexander Selkirk’ün gerçekten A) Ay’ın, Mars’ın ve Merkür’ün bugünkü yüzey
yaşanmış serüvenlerine dayanan Robinson durumlarından açıkça görülmektedir ki diğer
Crusose, genel olarak tanınmış ilk İngiliz gezegenler gibi bunlar da oluşumlarından beri
romancısı sayılan Daniel Defoe tarafından meteor bombardımanına uğramışlardır.
1719’da yayımlanmıştır. B) Diğer gezegenler gibi, Ay’ın, Mars’ın ve
B) Birçok kişi tarafından önemli ilk İngiliz Merkür’ün de oluşumlarından sonra meteor
romancısı kabul edilen Daniel Defoe’nun bombardımanına uğradığı, yüzeylerinin
1719’da yayımlanmış olan Robinson Crusoe bugünkü durumundan açıkça görülmektedir.
romanı, ünlü denizci Alexander Selkirk’ün C) Oluşumlarının hemen ardından, Ay’ın, Mars’ın
www.modadil.com
yaşanmış serüvenlerine dayanıyordu. ve Merkür’ün de tıpkı diğer gezegenler gibi

C) Pek çok kişi tarafından ilk önemli İngiliz meteor bombardımanına uğramış olduğu,
romancısı sayılan Daniel Defoe 1719’da, yüzeylerinin bugünkü durumundan açık bir
ünlü denizci Alexander Selkirk’ün gerçek şekilde görülmektedir.
serüvenlerine dayalı Robinson Crusoe’yu D) Ay’ın Mars’ın ve Merkür’ün bugünkü
yayımlamıştır. yüzeyleri, bunların da diğer gezegenler gibi,
D) Birçok kişinin ilk büyük İngiliz romancısı oluşumlarından beri meteor bombardımanına
olarak kabul ettiği Daniel Defoe, ünlü denizci uğradıklarını açıkça göstermektedir.
Alexander Selkirk’ün gerçek maceralarına E) Diğer gezegenlerinki gibi, Ay’ın, Mars’ın
dayandırdığı Robinson Crusoe romanını 1719 ve Merkür’ün bugünkü yüzeyleri de açıkça
yılında yayımlamıştır. göstermektedir ki bunlar oluşumlarından beri
E) Ünlü denizci Alexander Selkirk’ün gerçekten meteor bombardımanına mâruz kalmışlardır.
yaşanmış serüvenlerine dayanarak 1719’da
Robinson Crusoe’yu yayımlayan Daniel
Defore, birçok kişi tarafından ilk büyük İngiliz
romancısı sayılır.
Test
20. According to a report released by the World 22. Alsace is one of the most densely populated 4
Health Organisation, vitamin A deficiency regions of France, the rural population being
is one of the major nutrition problems in particularly high in the Rhine plain.
less‑developed countries.
A) Alsas, Ren Ovası’nda özellikle yüksek olan
A) Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nce hazırlanan bir kırsal nüfusla, Fransa’nın en yoğun nüfuslu
rapora göre, azgelişmiş ülkelerde en bölgelerinden biridir.
başta gelen beslenme problemi A vitamini
eksikliğidir. B) Alsas, Fransa’nın en kalabalık yerleşim
bölgelerinden biridir ve kırsal nüfus yoğunluğu
B) Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından açıklanan bir özellikle Ren Ovası’nda yüksektir.
rapora göre, A vitamini eksikliği, azgelişmiş
ülkelerde başta gelen beslenme sorunlarından C) Özellikle Ren Ovası’ndaki yoğun kırsal nüfusu
biridir. ile Alsas, Fransa’da yerleşimin en yoğun
olduğu bölgedir.
C) Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından yayımlanan
bir rapora göre, azgelişmiş ülkelerdeki en D) Ren Ovası’nda kırsal nüfusun çok yüksek
önemli beslenme sorunu A vitamini eksikliğidir. olması, Alsas’ı, Fransa’nın en yoğun nüfuslu
bölgesi haline getirmiştir.
D) Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından sunulan
rapora göre, A vitamini yetersizliği, azgelişmiş E) Fransa’nın en yoğun nüfuslu bölgelerinden
ülkelerin en belli başlı beslenme sorunudur. biri olan Alsas’ın, kırsal kesim nüfusu özellikle
Ren Ovası’nda çok yüksektir.
E) Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nce kabul edilen bir
rapora göre, azgelişmiş ülkelerdeki beslenme
sorunlarının başında A vitamini eksikliği vardır.
185
MODADİL
21. Biological warfare is the use for destructive 23. According to some historians, the destruction
purposes of bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other in about 1750 B. C. of the Assyrian
biological agents in order to spread disease or merchant‑colony at Kanes near Kayseri,
death among the enemy’s people or livestock. probably marks the arrival of the Hittites in
A) Zarar vermek amacıyla, bakterilerin, that area.
viruslerin, mantarların veya başka biyolojik A) Bazı tarihçiler, M.Ö. 1750’lerde, Kayseri
ajanların kullanılması yoluyla düşman halka yakınında bulunan Kaneş’teki Asur ticaret
veya onların hayvanlarına hastalık veya ölüm kolonisinin ortadan kalkmasının, Hititlerin
saçmak biyolojik savaştır. bölgeye yerleştiğini açıkça gösterdiğini öne
B) Biyolojik savaşta, bakteri, virüs, mantar gibi sürmektedir.
biyolojik ajanlar kullanılarak düşman halka B) Bazı tarihçilere göre, M.Ö. 1750 civarında,
veya onların hayvanlarına hastalık veya ölüm Kayseri yakınındaki Kaneş’te Asur ticaret
saçılır. kolonisinin yok edilmesi, muhtemelen,
www.modadil.com
C) Düşmanın halkının ve hayvanlarının biyolojik Hititlerin o bölgeye gelişlerine işaret

ajanlarla öldürülmesi veya hasta edilmesi etmektedir.
demek olan biyolojik savaşta, bakteriler, C) Bazı tarihçilere göre, Hititler M.Ö. 1750’lerde,
virüsler ve mantarlar kullanılır. Kayseri yakınındaki Kaneş’te bulunan
D) Bakterileri, virüsleri, mantarları veya diğer Asur ticaret kolonisini yok ederek bölgeye
biyolojik ajanları kullanarak, düşman halka yerleşmişlerdir.
veya onların hayvanlarına hastalık veya ölüm D) Bazı tarihçiler, Kayseri yakınındaki Kaneş’te
saçmak, biyolojik savaş olarak adlandırılır. bulunan Asur ticaret kolonisini M.Ö. 1750
E) Biyolojik savaş, düşmanın halkına veya civarında o bölgeye gelen Hititlerin yıktığını
hayvanlarına hastalık veya ölüm saçmak tahmin etmektedirler.
için bakterilerin, virüslerin, mantarların veya E) Hititlerin Kayseri yakınındaki Kaneş’e
başka biyolojik ajanların tahripkar amaçlarla gelişleri, muhtemelen, bölgedeki Asur ticaret
kullanılmasıdır. kolonisinin M.Ö. 1750 civarında yıkılmasına
rastlamaktadır.
Test
4 24. In Egypt today, nearly all the Nile water is 26. Galileo laid the foundations of modern physics
utilized through the building of huge dams and with his mathematical studies on motion and
reservoirs and the establishment of intricate the strength of materials.
systems of irrigation.
A) Galileo, hareketi ve maddelerin gücünü
A) Bugün Mısır’da büyük barajların ve matematiksel olarak incelemiş ve böylece
göletlerin yapılması ve çok karmaşık sulama modern fiziğin ortaya çıkmasına katkıda
systemlerinin kurulmasının amacı, Nil’in bulunmuştur.
suyunun tamamından yararlanmaktır.
B) Galileo, matematiksel çalışmalar yapmakla
B) Nil’in tüm suyundan yararlanmak için, bugün kalmamış, hareket ve maddelerin dayanıklılığı
Mısır’da çok büyük barajlar ve göletler üzerinde modern fiziğe öncülük eden
yapılmakta ve karmaşık sulama sistemleri araştırmalar da gerçekleştirmiştir.
kurulmaktadır.
C) Galileo, hareket ve maddelerin dayanıklılığına
C) Bugün Mısır, muazzam barajlar ve ilişkin matematiksel çalışmalarıyla modern
göletler inşa ederek ve karmaşık sulama fiziğin temellerini atmıştır.
sistemleri oluşturarak Nil’in tüm suyundan
yararlanmaktadır. D) Modern fiziğin öncülerinden biri de hareket
ve maddenin gücü üzerine matematiksel
D) Muazzam barajlar ve göletler inşa eden ve çalışmalar yapan Galileo’dur.
karmaşık sulama sistemleri kuran Mısır,
bugün Nil’in suyundan en çok yararlanan E) Galileo, modern fiziğin temellerini oluşturan
ülkedir. hareket ve maddelerin dayanıklılığıyla ilgili
matematiksel araştırmalar yapmıştır.
E) Bugün Mısır’da muazzam barajların ve
186 göletlerin yapılması ve karmaşık sulama
sistemlerinin kurulmasıyla Nil’in neredeyse
tüm suyundan yararlanılmaktadır.
MODADİL
25. In some countries, where the terrain is

not suitable for the use of conventional 27. During the 4th century B.C, Aristotle studied
equipment, aircraft are used to spread almost every aspect of science and summed
fertilizers. up each as best he could.
A) Gübrelemenin uçaklarla yapıldığı bazı A) M.Ö. 4. yüzyılda, Aristoteles, bilimin hemen

ülkelerde, arazi geleneksel donanımdan hemen her yönünü araştırmış ve her birini
yararlanmaya uygun değildir. elinden geldiğince özetlemiştir.
B) Geleneksel donanımın kullanımı için arazinin B) M.Ö. 4. yüzyılda, Aristoteles, tüm bilimleri
elverişli olmadığı bazı ülkelerde, gübre atmak araştırmış ve her birini ayrı ayrı özetlemiştir.
için uçaklar kullanılır. C) M.Ö. 4. yüzyılda her bir bilimi ayrı ayrı
www.modadil.com
C) Bazı ülkelerde, arazi, gübrelemede inceleyen Aristoteles, elde ettiği sonuçtan bir
geleneksel donanımdan yararlanmak için araya toplamıştır.
elverişli olmadığından, bu iş için uçaklar D) Aristoteles’in M.Ö. 4. yüzyılda yaptığı bilimsel
kullanılmaktadır. çalışmalar, tek bir eser halinde toplanmıştır.
D) Bazı ülkeler, arazi koşulları elverişli olmayan E) Aristoteles’in M.Ö. 4. yüzyılda bir araya
bölgelerinde gübre atmak için geleneksel toplayabildiği bilimsel çalışmalar, aslında ayrı
donanım yerine uçaklardan yararlanır. ayrı yapılmış araştırmalardı.
E) Arazinin geleneksel donanımın kullanılmasına
elverişli olmaması, bazı ülkelerin gübre
atmada uçaklardan yararlanmasını
gerektirmiştir.
Test
28. The communists turned social democrats have 30. Whenever governments use globalization 4
triumphed in Poland’s recent general election, to deny responsibility, democracy suffers
but the populists and the extreme right have another blow and prospects for growth in
become a surprisingly large minority. the developing countries are set back a little
further.
A) Sosyal demokratlığa geçmiş olan
komünistlerin, Polonya’nın son genel A) Hükümetler sorumluluklarından kaçmak için
seçiminde elde ettikleri zafer, halkçılar ve küreselleşmeyi bahane ederlerse gelişmekte
aşırı sağcıların şaşırtıcı büyüklükte bir azınlık olan ülkelerdeki demokrasi yeni bir darbe
oluşturmasını engelleyemedi. alır ve büyüme ümitleri çok daha derinlere
gömülür.
B) Polonya’da, sosyal demokratlara dönüşen
komünistler son genel seçimde üstün bir zafer B) Ne zaman ki hükümetler sorumluluktan
kazanmış olsalar da halkçılar ve aşırı sağ kaçınmak için küreselleşmeyi kullanır,
şaşırtıcı bir şekilde oldukça büyük bir azınlık demokrasi bir darbe daha alır ve kalkınmakta
oluşturdular. olan ülkelerdeki büyüme ümitleri biraz daha
geriye atılır.
C) Halkçılar ve aşırı sağın şaşırtıcı büyüklükte
bir azınlık oluşturmasına rağmen, sosyal C) Sorumluluktan kaçınmak isteyen hükûmetlerin
demokratlığı benimsemiş olan komünistler küreselleşmeyi bahane etmeleri, kalkınmakta
Polonya’nın son genel seçimlerinde büyük olan ülkelerin demokrasisine darbe vurmakla
başarı kazandılar. kalmaz, büyüme ümitlerini de yok eder.
D) Sosyal demokratlara dönüşmüş komünistler, D) Sorumluluktan kaçmak için küreselleşmeye
Polonya’nın son genel seçiminde zafer sığınan hükümetler, demokrasiye darbe
kazandılar, ancak halkçılar ve aşırı sağ vurduklarını ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin
şaşırtıcı bir şekilde büyük bir azınlık haline ümitlerini boşa çıkardıklarını bilmelidirler. 187
geldiler.
E) Sorumluluktan kaçmak için küreselleşmeyi
E) Polonya’nın son genel seçimi sosyal kullanan hükümetler, demokrasiye darbe
demokratlığı benimseyen komünistlerin vurmakta ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki
zaferinin yanı sıra, halkçıların ve aşırı sağın büyüme ümitlerini ortadan kaldırmaktadırlar.
büyük bir azınlık oluşturmasıyla sonuçlandı.
MODADİL
29. Charles de Gaulle once said of France, “How

can you govern a country which has 246 31. The type of bridge needed for cars and trucks
varieties of cheese?” is fundamentally different from that needed for
railways.
A) Bir tarihte Charles de Gaulle, Fransa
hakkında “246 çeşit peyniri olan bir ülkeyi A) Otomobiller ve kamyonlar için ihtiyaç duyulan
nasıl yönetebilirsiniz?” demişti. köprü türü ile demiryolları için ihtiyaç duyulan
köprü türü birbirinden oldukça farklıdır.
B) Charles de Gaulle’ün Fransa için söylediği
bir söz şöyledir: “246 çeşit peynir üreten bir B) Demiryolları için, otomobiller ve kamyonlar
ülkeyi insan nasıl yönetir?” için duyulan köprü türünden tamamen farklı
bir köprü türüne ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
www.modadil.com
C) Charles de Gaulle Fransa’yla ilgili görüşünü

şu sözle özetlemiştir: “246 çeşit peyniri olan C) Otomobiller ve kamyonlar için gerekli olan
bir ülkeyi yönetmeniz nasıl mümkün olabilir?” köprü türü, demiryolları için gerekli olandan
esas itibariyle farklıdır.
D) Charles de Gaulle, bir zamanlar, Fransa için
“246 tür peynir çeşidi üreten bir ülke nasıl D) Otomobiller ve kamyonlar için gerekli olan
yönetilir?” demişti. köprü türünden farklı bir köprü türüne
demiryolları için ihtiyaç vardır.
E) Geçmişte Fransa için, “246 çeşit peynir üreten
bir ülkeyi nasıl yönetebilirsiniz?” diyen kişi E) demiryolları için ihtiyaç duyulan köprü türü,
Charles de Gaulle’dür. çoğunlukla otomobiller ve kamyonlar için
ihtiyaç duyulandan tamamen farklıdır.
Test
4 32. Under a new resolution passed by the Security 34. The budget President Bush submitted to
Council, Iraq will once more have to place all Congress included the biggest rise in military
its oil earnings under UN control. spending since 1982.
A) Güvenlik Konseyi’nin almış olduğu bir karara A) Başkan Bush’un Kongre’ye sunmuş olduğu
göre, Irak, petrol gelirlerinin tümünü BM’nin bütçe, 1982’den bu yana askeri harcamalarda
denetimine bırakmaya zorlanacaktır. en yüksek artışı içeriyordu.
B) Güvenlik Konseyi’nce kabul edilen yeni bir B) 1982’den sonraki askeri harcamalarda en
karara göre, Irak’ın tüm petrol gelirleri BM yüksek artışı içeren bütçeyi, Başkan Bush
denetimine bırakılmak zorundadır. Kongre’ye sunmuştur.
C) Güvenlik Konseyi’nin aldığı yeni bir karar C) 1982’den bu yana askeri harcamalarda en
uyarınca, BM, Irak’ın petrol gelirlerinin tümünü yüksek artışı içeren bütçe, Başkan Bush
denetim altına alacaktır. tarafından Kongre’ye sunulmuş bulunuyor.
D) Irak’ın tüm petrol gelirlerinin BM tarafından D) Başkan Bush tarafından Kongre’ye sunulan
denetim altına alınacak olması, Güvenlik bütçe, 1982’den sonra askeri harcamalarda
Konseyi’nce kabul edilen yeni bir karara görülen en yüksek artıştır.
dayanmaktadır.
E) Askeri harcamalarda 1982’den beri en yüksek
E) Güvenlik Konseyi’nce kabul edilen yeni artışı içeren bütçenin Kongre’ye sunuluşunu
bir karar gereğince, Irak, yine, tüm petrol Başkan Bush yapmıştır.
gelirlerini BM denetimine bırakmak zorunda
kalacaktır.
188
MODADİL
33. The great works of Latin literature have 35. Pluto, which is the outermost planet of the
exerted a potent influence on European solar system, has a mass ten times smaller
thought and literary taste through the than hitherto supposed.
centuries and still form an important element A) Bugüne kadar bilinenden on kat daha az bir
in our common culture. kütleye sahip olan Plüton, güneş sisteminin
A) Yüzyıllarca Avrupa düşüncesini ve edebi en uç gezegenidir.
zevkini kalıcı bir şekilde etkilemiş olan B) Güneş sisteminin en uç noktasında bulunan
Latin edebiyatının büyük eserleri, ortak Plüton gezegeninin kütlesi, daha önce
kültürümüzün hâlâ önemli bir öğesidir. bilinenden on kat daha azdır.
B) Latin edebiyatının büyük eserleri, yüzyıllar C) Daha önce kabul edilenden on kat daha az
boyunca, Avrupa düşüncesi ve edebi zevki bir kütlesi bulunan Plüton gezegeni, güneş
üzerinde güçlü bir etki yapmıştır ve hâlâ sisteminin en dış noktasındadır.
ortak kültürümüzün önemli bir öğesini
oluşturmaktadır. D) Güneş sisteminin en uzak gezegeni olan
Plüton, bugüne kadar sanıldığından on kat
www.modadil.com
C) Avrupa düşüncesi ve edebi zevki, yüzyıllarca daha az bir kütleye sahiptir.

halen ortak kültürümüzün önemli bir öğesi
olan Latin edebiyatının büyük eserlerinin E) Güneş sisteminin en uç noktasında bulunan
büyük etkisi altında kalmıştır. Plüton, şimdiye kadar düşünülenden on kat
daha az bir kütleden oluşan bir gezegendir.
D) Avrupa düşüncesi ve edebi zevki üzerinde
yüzyıllar boyunca çok etkili olmuş olan
Latin edebiyatının büyük eserleri, halen
ortak kültürümüzün önemli bir öğesi olarak
görülmektedir.
E) Ortak kültürümüzün halen önemli bir öğesi
olarak görülen Latin edebiyatının büyük
eserleri, yüzyıllar boyunca, Avrupa’nın
düşünce ve edebiyat zevki üzerinde kalıcı bir
etki yapmıştır.
Test
36. At the 1994 Brussels NATO summit a 37. One of the issues covered by the Maastricht 4
“partnership for peace” programme was Treaty, which took effect on 1 November 1993,
formally launched, enabling the old Warsaw is the European Union’s decision‑making
Pact members and former Soviet republics process.
to take part in a wide range of military
cooperation with NATO. A) 1 Kasım 1993’te yürürlüğe giren Maastricht
Antlaşması ile Avrupa Birliği’nin karar alma
A) Eski Varşova Paktı üyeleri ve önceki sürecine ilişkin sorunlardan biri çözülmüştür.
Sovyet Cumhuriyetleri, 1994 Brüksel NATO
zirvesinde kabul edilen “barış için ortaklık” B) Avrupa Birliği’nin karar alma süreciyle ilgili
programı sayesinde NATO ile askeri alanda konuları kapsayan Maastricht Anlaşması, 1
çok kapsamlı işbirliği yapma olanağı buldular. Kasım 1993’te yürürlüğe girmiştir.
B) Eski Varşova Paktı üyelerinin ve önceki C) 1 Kasım 1993’te yürürlüğe giren Maastricht
Sovyet Cumhuriyetlerinin NATO ile geniş Antlaşması, Avrupa Birliği’nin karar alma
kapsamlı askeri işbirliği yapmalarını sürecinin konu edildiği düzenlemelerden
sağlamaya yönelik “barış için ortaklık biridir.
“programı, ancak 1994 Brüksel NATO D) Avrupa Birliği’nin karar alma sürecine ilişkin
zirvesinde resmen hayata geçirilme olanağı sorunların, 1 Kasım 1993’te yürürlüğe
buldu. giren Maastricht Antlaşması’yla çözülmesi
C) 1994 Brüksel NATO zirvesinde ilk kez amaçlanmıştır.
önerilen “barış için ortaklık” programı, eski E) 1 Kasım 1993’te yürürlüğe giren Maastricht
Varşova Paktı üyelerine ve önceki Sovyet Antlaşması’nda kapsanan konulardan biri,
Cumhuriyetlerine NATO ile askeri alanda Avrupa Birliği’nin karar alına sürecidir.
sıkı bir işbirliği yapma olanağı sağlamayı
amaçlıyordu. 189
D) 1994 Brüksel NATO zirvesinde, eski
Varşova Paktı üyelerine ve önceki Sovyet
Cumhuriyetlerine NATO ile geniş kapsamlı bir
askeri işbirliği yapma olanağı sağlayan “barış
için ortaklık” programı resmen yürürlüğe
kondu.
MODADİL
38. At a UN conference held in Rome in July

E) “Barış için ortaklık” ilk kez 1994 Brüksel NATO 1998, an agreement was reached to set up a
zirvesinde resmen kararlaştırılıp yürürlüğe permanent International criminal court to try
konan ve eski Varşova Paktı üyeleri ile önceki individuals accused of war crimes and crimes
Sovyet Cumhuriyetlerine NATO ile askeri against humanity.
işbirliği olanağı sağlayan geniş kapsamlı bir
programdır. A) Temmuz 1998’de Roma’da yapılan BM
konferansında alınan bir kararla kurulan
uluslararası daimi ceza mahkemesi, savaş
suçu ve insanlığa karşı diğer suçları işleyen
kişilerin yargılanmasıyla görevlendirilmiştir.
B) Savaş suçları ve insanlığa karşı suçlarla
itham edilen kişilerin yargılanması amacıyla
bir uluslararası daimi ceza mahkemesinin
kurulması, ancak Temmuz 1998’de Roma’da
yapılan bir BM konferansında alınan kararla
mümkün olmuştur.
www.modadil.com
C) Temmuz 1998’de Roma’da yapılan bir BM

konferansında, savaş suçları ve insanlığa
karşı suçlarla itham edilen kişileri yargılamak
amacıyla bir uluslararası daimi ceza
mahkemesinin kurulması için anlaşmaya
varıldı.
D) Temmuz 1998’de Roma’da yapılan BM
konferansında bir uluslararası daimi ceza
mahkemesinin kurulmasına karar verilince,
savaş suçları gibi insanlık suçu işleyen
kişilerin yargılanması mümkün olmuştur.
E) Savaş suçları gibi insanlık suçları işlemiş
kişileri yargılayacak uluslararası bir daimi
ceza mahkemesinin kurulması konusunda
Temmuz 1998’de Roma’da yapılan bir BM
konferansında anlaşmaya varıldı.
Test
4 39. The European Monetary System was 41. Since September 11th, 2001, America’s
established in 1979 in the wake of the 1974 eagerness to project its power unilaterally, has
oil crisis, which brought growing disruption affected the foreign policy of most countries in
to European economies because of floating the world.
exchange rates.
A) 11 Eylül 2001’den sonra Amerika’nın tek
A) 1974’teki petrol bunalımının dalgalı döviz taraflı olarak gücünü kullanma isteği, dünyada
kurları nedeniyle Avrupa ekonomilerinde pek çok ülkenin dış politikasını yönlendirmiştir.
giderek artan bir tıkanmaya yol açması,
1979’da Avrupa Para Sistemi’nin kurulması ile B) 11 Eylül 2001’den sonra dünyanın pek çok
sonuçlanmıştır. ülkesi, dış politikasını, Amerika’nın tek başına
gücünü gösterme isteği doğrultusunda
B) Avrupa Para Sistemi, dalgalı döviz kurları belirlemiştir.
nedeniyle Avrupa ekonomilerinde giderek

artan bir tıkanmaya yol açan 1974 petrol C) 11 Eylül 2001’den beri Amerika’nın tek taraflı
bunalımının arkasından, 1979’da kurulmuştur. olarak gücünü ortaya koyma isteği, dünyadaki
çoğu ülkenin dış politikasını etkilemektedir.
C) 1979’da kurulan Avrupa Para Sistemi,
1974’teki petrol bunalımına bağlı olarak D) Amerika’nın 11 Eylül 2001’den bu yana
ortaya çıkan dalgalı döviz kurlarının Avrupa dünyaya tek başına hakim olma isteği, birçok
ekonomilerinde büyüyen bir tıkanmaya yol ülkenin dış politikasını etkiledi.
açmasının sonucudur. E) Dünyada çoğu ülkenin dış politikası,
D) 1974 petrol bunalımında dalgalı döviz Amerika’nın 11 Eylül 2001’den itibaren
kurlarının ortaya çıkması, Avrupa tek başına gücünü ortaya koyma isteği ile
ekonomilerinin giderek artan bir tıkanmaya yeniden şekillenmiştir.
190 sürüklenmesi ve 1979’da Avrupa Para
Sistemi’nin kurulması gibi bir dizi olaya neden
olmuştur.
E) 1979’da Avrupa Para Sistemi’nin
kurulmasında temel etken, 1974 petrol
bunalımının dalgalı döviz kurları nedeniyle
Avrupa ekonomilerinde giderek büyüyen bir
tıkanmaya yol açmasıdır.
MODADİL
40. “Project Skylab” was designed to demonstrate 42. High‑speed trains, known in Spain as the AVE,
that men can live and work in space for have linked Madrid southward to Seville since
prolonged periods without its effects. 1992.
A) “Skylab Projesi”, insanların kötü sonuçlarla A) İspanya’da AVE olarak bilinen hızlı trenler,
karşılaşmadan uzayda uzun süre 1992’den beri Madrid’i güney yönünde
yaşayabileceklerini ve çalışabileceklerini Sevilla’ya bağlamaktadır.
göstermek için tasarlanmıştır.
B) 1992’den sonra Madrid, İspanya’da AVE
www.modadil.com
B) İnsanların, hiçbir kötü etki olmadan uzun süre olarak bilinen hızlı trenle, güneydeki Sevilla’ya
uzayda yaşayarak çalışabilecekleri, “Skylab bağlanmıştır.
Projesi” ile ortaya konmuştur.
C) Madrid, güneydeki Sevilla’ya, İspanya’da
C) “Skylab Projesi” nin amacı, herhangi bir 1992’den itibaren AVE olarak bilinen hızlı
olumsuzluk olmadan uzayda uzun süre trenle bağlanmış bulunuyor.
yaşamalarının ve çalışmalarının mümkün olup
olmadığını araştırmaktı. D) İspanya’da AVE olarak bilinen hızlı trenler,
1992’den itibaren, Madrid’den güneydeki
D) İnsanların uzayda uzun süre Sevilla’ya kadar işlemeye başlamıştır.
yaşayabileceklerini ve çalışabileceklerini
ortaya koymak için tasarlanan “Skylab E) 1992’den sonra Madrid’i güney yönünde
Projesi”, hiçbir kötü sonuçla karşılaşılmadan Sevilla’ya bağlayan hızlı trenler, İspanya’da
tamamlanmıştır. AVE olarak bilinir.
E) “Skylab Projesi” tasarlanırken, insanların
hiçbir olumsuz sonuç olmadan uzayda uzun
süre yaşama ve çalışma olanağına sahip
olduklarını ispat etmek için amaçlanmıştı.
Test
43. Amnesty International says that Iraqis have 45. Once inside the EU, Poland will rank 4
made many ‑ so far mostly unsubstantiated immediately below Britain, France, Germany
‑ charges of abuse against both British and and Italy in voting power.
American soldiers.
A) Polonya AB’ye katılınca, sahip olacağı oylama
A) Uluslararası Af Örgütü, Iraklıların gerek erki, hem İngiltere ve Fransa hem de Almanya
İngiliz gerekse Amerikan askerlerine ve İtalya’dan sonra gelecek.
yönelttiği suistimal suçlamalarından pek
çoğunun bugüne kadar kanıtlanamadığını B) AB’ye katıldıktan sonra, Polonya, ancak
söylemektedir. İngiltere, Fransa, Almanya ve İtalya’dan sonra
oylama erkine sahip olabilecek.
B) Uluslararası Af Örgütü, Iraklıların, hem İngiliz
hem de Amerikan askerlerine karşı bugüne C) Polonya AB’ye katıldığı taktirde, oylama
kadar çoğu kanıtlanmamış pek çok suistimal erkini, İngiltere, Fransa, Almanya ve İtalya’dan
suçlamasında bulunduklarını söylemektedir. sonra kullanacak.
C) Uluslar arası Af Örgütü’nün söylediğine göre, D) Polonya, AB içinde olunca, oylama erkinde,
Iraklılar, İngiliz ve Amerikan askerlerinin İngiltere, Fransa, Almanya ve İtalya’nın
bazılarına karşı çoğu henüz kanıtlanamamış hemen altında yer alacak.
suistimal suçlamalarında bulunmuştur. E) AB içindeki oylama erki bakımından, Polonya,
D) Uluslararası Af Örgütü, Iraklıların, hem İngiliz İngiltere, Fransa, Almanya ve İtalya’nın
hem de Amerikan askerlerine karşı yapılan hemen altında yer alacak.
ancak çoğu tam olarak kanıtlanmamış pek
çok suistimal suçlamalarının olduğunu
söylemektedir.
E) Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nün de söylediği gibi,
191
Iraklıların bugüne kadar kanıtlanamayan
suçlamalarından çoğu hem İngiliz hem de
Amerikan askerlerine yöneliktir.
MODADİL
44. Nobody in Britain not even the Conservatives 46. The straighter a man thinks, the more
themselves thinks that the Conservatives can successfully he performs his functions as a
win the next election. citizen.
A) İngiltere’de çoğu kişi, hatta Muhafazakarlar A) Bir insan ne kadar doğru düşünürse, bir
bile, Muhafazakarların gelecek seçimleri yurttaş olarak görevlerini o kadar başarılı
almasını mümkün görmüyor. şekilde yerine getirir.
B) Muhafazakarların kendileri de dahil B) Eğer bir insan doğru düşünürse, bir yurttaş
İngiltere’de büyük bir çoğunluk, gelecek olarak sorumluluklarını yerine getirmede de
www.modadil.com
seçimin galibinin Muhafazakarlar olacağını başarılı olur.

düşünmüyor. C) Bir insan doğru düşündükçe, yurttaş olmak
C) İngiltere’de Muhafazakarlar dışında hiç için yapması gereken görevlerini de başarılı
kimse, Muhafazakarların gelecek seçimi bir şekilde yerine getirebilir.
kazanacağını sanmıyor. D) İnsan doğru düşündükçe, yurttaş olarak
D) İngiltere’de gelecek seçimin Muhafazakarlar görevlerini nasıl daha başarılı şekilde yerine
tarafından kazanabileceğine Muhafazakarların getireceğini öğrenir.
kendileri de dahil pek çok kimse inanmıyor. E) Bir insan ne kadar doğru düşünürse, yurttaş
E) İngiltere’de hiç kimse, hatta Muhafazakarların olmak amacıyla görevlerini daha başarılı bir
kendileri bile, Muhafazakarların gelecek şekilde yerine getirir.
seçimi kazanabileceklerini sanmıyor.
Test
4 47. One of the most striking characteristics of 49. The increasing interdependence of nations
modern science has been the increasing trend has led to international cooperation on a much
towards closer cooperation between scientists bigger scale than hitherto.
and scientific institutions all over the world.
A) Uluslararasında artan karşılıklı bağımlılık
A) Modern bilimin çarpıcı özelliklerinden biri, tüm bugüne kadar olduğu gibi büyük boyutta
dünyada bilim adamları ile bilimsel kurumlar uluslararası işbirliğine yol açmıştır.
arasında daha yakın işbirliğine doğru artan bir
eğilim olmasıdır. B) Ulusların kendi arasında bugüne kadar olan
bağımsızlık daha büyük boyutta işbirliğini
B) Modern bilimin en çarpıcı özelliklerinden sağlamıştır.
biri, dünyanın çoğu kesminde bilim adamları
ile bilimsel kurumlar arasında daha yakın C) Uluslararasında gittikçe artan karşılıklı
işbirliğine doğru artan bir eğilim olmasıdır. bağımlılık bugüne kadar olduğundan çok
daha büyük boyutta uluslararası işbirliğine yol
C) Modern bilimin en çarpıcı özelliği, tüm açmıştır.
dünyada bilim adamları ile bilimsel kurumlar
arasında daha yakın işbirliğine doğru artan bir D) Uluslararasında gittikçe artan karşılıklı
eğilim olmasıdır. bağımlılık bundan sonra çok daha büyük
boyutta uluslararası işbirliğine yol açacaktır.
D) Modern bilimin en çarpıcı özelliklerinden
biri, tüm dünyada bilim adamları ile bilimsel E) Uluslararasında artan karşılıklı bağımlılık
kurumlar arasında daha yakın işbirliğine bugüne kadar olduğundan çok daha büyük
doğru artan bir eğilim olmasıdır. boyutta uluslararası güveni sağlamıştır.
E) Modern bilimin en çarpıcı özelliklerinden biri,

192 dünyada bilim adamları ve bilimsel kurumların
daha yakın işbirliğine doğru bir eğilim
olmasıdır.
MODADİL
48. Scientists believe that intuition is the least 50. The quicker the heart attack victim receives
reliable of scientific instruments. medical assistance, the greater his chance of
survival.
A) Sezginin bilimsel araçların en az güvenileni
olduğuna bilim adamları tarafından A) Kalp krizi geçiren kimse eğer çabuk tıbbi
inanılmaktadır. yardım alırsa yaşama şansı da artar.
B) Bilim adamları her zaman sezginin bilimsel B) Kalp krizi geçiren kimse ne kadar çabuk tıbbi
araçların en az güvenileni olduğuna inandılar. yardım alırsa yaşama şansı da o kadar artar.
C) Bilim adamları, sezginin bilimsel araçların C) Eğer kalp krizi geçiren hastaya çabuk
www.modadil.com
en az güvenilenlerden biri olduğuna müdahale yapılırsa hayatta kalma şansı da

inanmaktadır. artar.
D) Sezginin bilimsel araçların en az güvenileni D) Kalp krizi geçiren kişiye tıbbi yardım yapıldığı
olduğu bilim adamlarınca onaylanmıştır. sürece yaşama şansı artar.
E) Bilim adamları, sezginin bilimsel araçların en E) Kalp krizi geçiren kimse çabuk tıbbi yardım
az güvenileni olduğuna inanmaktadır. almasına rağmen yaşama şansı artmayabilir.
Test
Turkish-English TRANSLATION 1
3. Şubat 2001’de Jüpiter’in ayı İO’da meydana
1. - 30. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye gelen volkanik patlama, güneş sisteminde
anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. bugüne kadar bu türde görülen en büyük
olaydı.
1. Pek çok kişi nükleer enerjinin sanayi
bakımından gelişmekte olan ülkeler için A) The volcanic eruption which took place on
uygun bir güç kaynağı sağlayabileceğine lO, a moon of Jupiter, in February 2001, was
inanmaktadır. the largest such event ever seen in the solar
system.
A) Many people regard nuclear energy as the
best source of power for countries that are B) In February 2001, the volcanic eruption that
developing industrially. occurred on lO, one of the moons of Jupiter,
was the largest event of its kind ever recorded
B) There are a lot of people who feel that the in the solar system.
industrially developing countries would find
nuclear energy a suitable source of power. C) The largest volcanic eruption ever witnessed
in the solar system occurred in February 2001
C) Many people believe that nuclear energy on lO, a moon of Jupiter.
could provide a suitable source of power for
the industrially developing countries. D) The most violent volcanic activity of this kind
ever to have been recorded took place on
D) These people believe that the industrially one of the moons of Jupiter, known as lO, in
developing countries require an adequate February 2001. 193
source of power such as nuclear energy could
supply. E) It was on lO, one of the moons of Jupiter, that
the most violent volcanic action ever to have
E) Many people consider that the developing been detected in the solar system actually
countries need a suitable source of power, took place, in February 2001.
like nuclear energy, to support their industries.
MODADİL
4. Anglo‑Saksonlar İngiltere’yi fethettiklerinde,

2. Shakespeare’in döneminde, tiyatro, yaygın bir beraberlerinde törelerine ve inançlarına
eğlence biçimiydi ve 1649’da yasaklanıncaya dayalı zengin bir sözlü edebiyat geleneği
kadar öyle kaldı. getirmişlerdir.
A) The theatre was a popular form of A) The Anglo‑Saxon tradition of oral literature,
entertainment starting in Shakespeare’s time rich in their customs and traditions, went with
and continuing to 1649 when it was banned. them to England when they conquered it.
B) In Shakespeare’s time, the theatre was a B) The Anglo‑Saxons had a rich tradition of
popular form of entertainment and remained oral literature steeped in their customs and
www.modadil.com
so until it was banned in 1649. traditions which they took to England when
C) The theatre which enjoyed a great deal of they conquered it.
popularity in Shakespeare’s time was banned C) When the Anglo‑Saxons conquered England,
in 1649. they brought with them a rich tradition of oral
D) In the time of Shakespeare, the theatre literature steeped in their customs and beliefs.
was one of the most popular forms of D) The tradition of oral literature that the
entertainment, but by 1649 it had fallen into Anglo‑Saxons took to England on conquering
disfavour. the country was rich in their customs and
E) By 1649 the theatre, which had enjoyed so traditions.
much popularity in the time of Shakespeare, E) On their arrival in England there was already
had fallen into disrepute. a rich tradition of oral literature grounded in
the customs and beliefs of the Anglo‑Saxons.
Test
1 5. Cleveland’da doğmuş siyah bir Amerikalı atlet 7. George Orwell’i en çok ilgilendiren ve
olan Jesse Owens, 1936’da Berlin’de yapılan hakkında kendisinin en sık yazdığı konulardan
Olimpiyat Oyunlarına katılmış ve dört altın biri, edebiyat ile siyaset arasındaki ilişkiydi.
madalya kazanmıştır.
A) One of the subjects that most interested
A) The black American athlete Jesse Owens, George Orwell, and on which he wrote most
who was born in Cleveland, competed in the often, was the relationship between literature
Berlin Olympic Games in 1936 and won four and politics.
gold medals.
B) George Orwell was particularly interested in
B) Jesse Owens, who was a black American the relationship between literature and politics
athlete born in Cleveland, took part in the and frequently wrote about it.
Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936 and
Turkish-English Translation
won four gold medals. C) George Orwell liked to write about how
literature and politics were connected, as this
C) The Cleveland‑born, black American athlete was a subject that interested him greatly.
Jesse Owens, won four gold medals in the
Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936. D) Literature and politics and the relationship
between them were topics that George Orwell
D) Jesse Owens, the black American athlete found immensely interesting and wrote about
born in Cleveland, was awarded four gold them frequently.
medals at the Berlin Olympic Games of 1936.
E) One of George Orwell’s favourite subjects
E) At the Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936, was the relationship between literature and
four gold medals went to Jesse Owens, politics so he often wrote about it.
theblack American athlete born in Cleveland.
194
MODADİL
6. Sokrates’in eğitime ahlaki bir yaklaşımı vardı

ve O eğitimin insanı daha mutlu ve daha iyi bir 8. Polisiye roman, 19. yüzyılın sonuna doğru,
yurttaş yaptığına inanıyordu. özellikle Sherlock Holmes hikayeleriyle çok
yaygınlık kazanan bir yazım biçimidir.
A) Socrates approached education from an
ethical point of view and argued that through A) The Sherlock Holmes stories helped to make
education a man could be a happier and the detective novel so popular at the end of
better citizen. the 19th century.
B) Socrates favoured the ethical approach to B) The detective novel is a form of writing, which
education and believed that the educated became very popular towards the end of the
man was a happier and better person. 19th century, particularly through the Sherlock
Holmes stories.
C) Socrates had an ethical approach to
C) The most popular examples of the detective
www.modadil.com
education and believed that education made

man a happier and a better citizen. novel, written in the late 19 century, were the
Sherlock Holmes stories.
D) For Socrates, the teaching of ethical values
was fundamental to education and to the D) By the end of the 19th century, the Sherlock
creation of happier and better citizens. Holmes stories had made the detective novel
one of the most popular types of writing.
E) The creation of happier and better citizens
was, in Socrates’ view, made possible by the E) With the Sherlock Holmes stories towards the
teaching of ethical values. end of the 19th century, the detective novel
became quite the most popular type of writing.
Test
9. Charles Kingsley, Su Bebekleri’ni en küçük 11. Shakespeare’in Coriolanus tragedyası, 1
çocuğu için, ona doğruyu, merhameti, adaleti halka hakaret ettiği için Roma’dan sürülen
ve aslında bütün soylu nitelikleri sevmeyi mağrur komutan Caius Marcus Coriolanus’un
öğretmek umuduyla yazdı. yaşamını ve ölümünü ele alır.
A) The Water Babies was written by Charles A) Shakespeare’s tragedy Coriolanus is based
Kingsley in an effort to help young children on the life and death of the proud commander
admire such noble qualities as truth, mercy Caius Marcus Coriolanus who was driven out
and justice. of Rome by the angry people there.
B) The Water Babies by Charles Kingsley aims B) The life and death of Caius Marcus
to teach young children to love truth, mercy Coriolanus, a confident commander who was
and justice as well as other noble qualities. driven out of Rome for ill‑treating the people,
is the subject of Shakespeare’s tragedy
C) The Water Babies is by Charles Kingsley, Coriolanus.
and he wrote it to teach his youngest child
about such noble qualities as truth, mercy and C) Shakespeare’s tragedy Coriolanus concerns
justice. the life and death of Caius Marcus Coriolanus,
a proud commander driven from Rome for
D) Charles Kingsley wrote The Water Babies for insulting the people.
his youngest child, hoping to teach him to love
truth, mercy and justice and indeed all noble D) The tragedy, Coriolanus, by Shakespeare,
qualities. is based on the life and death of the proud
commander Caius Marcus Coriolanus forced
E) Truth, mercy and justice are just some of the by the people he had insulted there, to leave
noble qualities Charles Kingsley hoped to Rome.
teach his youngest child through The Water
Babies. E) Shakespeare’s tragedy Coriolanus is about
195
the arrogant commander Caius Marcus
Coriolanus who so insulted the people of
Rome that they drove him out of their city.
MODADİL
10. İlk Dünya Kupası 1930’da Montevideo’da 12. Thomas Hardy daha çok bir romancı olarak
yapıldı, ancak böyle bir yarışma kavramı, bilinir, ancak o, uzun yaşamı boyunca şiir
1920’de Antwerp’te yapılan bir FIFA yazmış ve bunu, romanlarından çok daha
kongresinde doğmuştu. önemli görmüştür.
A) It wasn’t until 1930 that the first World Cup A) It is as a novelist that most people think
was held in Montevideo, but the concept of of Thomas Hardy, but he wrote poetry
such a world competition had been born at a all through his long life and gave more
FIFA meeting in Antwerp in 1920. importance to this than to his novels.
B) It was in Montevideo in 1930 that the first B) Though Thomas Hardy is better known as
World Cup was held, but the possibility of a novelist, he regarded his poetry as more
such a competition had been discussed at a important than his novels, and continued to
www.modadil.com
FIFA congress in Antwerp in 1920. write it to the end of his long life.
C) In 1920, at a FIFA congress in Antwerp, the C) Thomas Hardy wrote poetry all through his
concept of such a competition came into long life and regarded it as more important
being and resulted in the first World Cup in than his novels, though these are what he is
1930 in Montevideo. known for.
D) The first World Cup was held in Montevideo D) Thomas Hardy is largely known for his novels,
in 1930, but the need for a competition of but he himself gave more importance to his
this kind had been recognized at the FIFA poetry and continued to write it until the end of
congress in Antwerp in 1920. his long life.
E) The first World Cup was held in Montevideo in E) Thomas Hardy is better known as a novelist,
1930, but the concept of such a competition but he wrote poetry throughout his long life
had been born at a FIFA congress held in and regarded it as far more important than his
Antwerp in 1920. novels.
Test
1 13. Balkan Yarımadası, önemli tarım veya sanayi 15. Eleştirmenler, kitap okumanın, okuyucu
kaynaklarına sahip olmamasına rağmen, ile yazar arasında bir tür sohbet olması
Avrupa ile Asya arasındaki kara köprüsünün gerektiğini hep vurgulamışlardır.
bir parçası olması nedeniyle pek çok
çatışmaya sahne olmuştur. A) Critics continually tell us to read a book as
if we were having a conversation with the
A) Though the Balkan Peninsula has neither author.
agricultural nor industrial resources, it is part
of the land bridge between Europe and Asia B) Critics are continually stressing the idea that
and so has been fiercely contested. reading a book is like having a conversation
with the author.
B) The Balkan Peninsula has been the scene of
much fighting not on account of its agricultural C) According to some critics, we should always
and industrial resources, but because it is a regard reading as a conversation between the
part of the land bridge between Europe and writer of the book and the reader.
Asia. D) Reading, the critics continually tell us, is a
C) Though the Balkan Peninsula has no conversation between a writer and a reader.
important agricultural or industrial resources, E) Critics have always stressed that reading
it has been the scene of many conflicts a book should be a kind of conversation
because it is a part of the land bridge between between the reader and the author.
Europe and Asia.
D) In considering the reasons for the conflicts
in the Balkan Peninsula, the agricultural
and industrial resources of this region are
196 unimportant compared to the fact that it is the
land bridge between Europe and Asia.
E) It is not so much the agricultural and industrial
resources of the Balkan Peninsula that gave
rise to the fighting there, as its position as the
land bridge between Europe and Asia.
MODADİL
14. Bilimsel bilgiyi üslup güzelliğiyle birleştiren 16. Dedem yetmişine gelince, kendini çok yaşlı
Amerikalı biyolog Rachel Carson, çok takdir hissetti ve çocukları ile torunlarını son kez
edilen kitaplar yazmıştır. görmek için veda ziyaretleri yapmaya başladı.
A) The books of the American biologist Rachel A) Once my grandfather was seventy, he realized
Carson have, with their fluent style in he was very old, so made some farewell visits
combination with their scientific approach, to his children and grandchildren.
received much praise.
B) When my grandfather got to be seventy, he
B) Rachel Carson is an American biologist who felt very old, and began to make farewell visits
www.modadil.com
has written some very popular books on to see his children and grandchildren for the
science in an attractive style. last time.
C) The books Rachel Carson, an American C) My grandfather, when he was seventy,
biologist, has written have been praised for wanted to see his children and grandchildren
their scientific content and their fluent style. for, probably, the last time, and so made some
farewell visits.
D) The American biologist Rachel Carson, who
combines scientific knowledge and beauty D) When my grandfather was seventy years old,
of style, has written books which have been he went on farewell visits to his children and
much appreciated. grandchildren, and so saw them for the last
time.
E) Rachel Carson, who is an American biologist,
has written books that have been much E) My grandfather really felt very old when he
appreciated for their scientific content and was seventy, so he made a last visit to all his
their superb style. children and his grandchildren.
Test
17. Musonlar, Hint Okyanusu’nun, yazın 19. Öğrencilerin çoğu bir yabancı dili sözlü ya da 1
güneybatıdan esen ve genellikle şiddetli yazılı iletişim kurmak için öğrendiğinden dil
yağmurlar getiren mevsimlik rüzgarlarıdır. öğrenimi, dilin gerçek hayattaki kullanımını
kapsamalıdır.
A) The monsoons are the seasonal winds of the
Indian Ocean, which blow from the south‑west A) Most students need to use a foreign language
in summer and usually bring heavy rains. in real life situations if they are to learn to
communicate either orally or in writing.
B) The monsoons are the summer winds of the
Indian Ocean, which blow from the south‑west B) Most students know that a foreign language
and cause unusually heavy rains. helps them to communicate, both orally and in
writing, in real life situations.
C) It is the monsoons, the seasonal winds of the
Indian Ocean that constantly bring the heavy C) As most students learn a foreign language
rains to the south‑west parts of the continent. in order to communicate either orally or in
writing, language learning should include a
D) In the summer, the winds that blow from real life use of language.
the south‑west over the Indian Ocean bring
particularly heavy rains known as monsoons. D) Unless students want to use a foreign
language for communication either orally or
E) The south‑westerly winds, which are in writing in real life, they do not need to learn
seasonal winds, bringing excessively heavy one.
rains across the Indian Ocean, are called
monsoons. E) Since most students study a foreign language
because they want to communicate orally, not
in writing, the learning process should relate
to their real life affairs. 197
MODADİL
18. Dünyada var olan tüm elementlerden 20. Roma İmparatorluğu’nun parçalanması,
muhtemelen hiçbiri, altından daha fazla ticaretle birlikte bankacılığın da çökmesine yol
insanların düşlerini harekete geçirmemiştir. açmıştır; ancak on ikinci yüzyılda bankacılık
yeniden canlanmaya başlamıştır.
A) Probably, the only element in the world ever
to fire men’s dreams must be gold. A) The break‑up of the Roman Empire led to the
decline of banking together with commerce,
B) Gold must surely be the only element in the but in the twelfth century banking began to
world that has really stirred men’s dreams. revive.
C) Surely, no element in the world other than B) With the break‑up of the Roman Empire there
gold has ever stirred men’s dreams. was a decline in banking and commerce, and
D) Probably, no element in the world other than it was only in the twelfth century that both of
gold has the power to make men pursue their these activities really revived.
www.modadil.com
dreams. C) When the Roman Empire broke up, this

E) Of all the elements present in the world, affected both banking and commerce, and
probably none has stirred men’s dreams more it was only in the twelfth century that these
than gold. started to revive.
D) There was a revival in banking and commerce
in the twelfth century, but these activities had
been steadily declining since the break‑up of
the Roman Empire.
E) As the Roman Empire began to break up,
there was a decline in both banking and
commerce which continued until the twelfth
century when there was at last a revival.
Test
1 21. Onun, ne yaptığımı ya da niçin beni şaşırtmış 23. Şurada bir grup gençle konuşan adam, bu
olduğunu hatırladığını sanmıyorum. ülkenin İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan beri sahip
olduğu en iyi siyasetçilerden biridir.
A) I don’t think he recognised me or remembered
why he’d sent for me. A) The man those young people have joined is
probably about the best politician this country
B) I don’t expect him to remember who I was or has produced since World War II.
why he called me.
B) That man over there, with a group of
C) I don’t think he can remember what I’ve done youngsters, has been in politics since World
and why I have been called for. War II, and has done the country a lot of
D) I don’t expect him to remember what I’d done good.
and why I’d been sent for.
C) The man over there, talking to a group of

E) I don’t think he remembered what I had done young people, is one of the best politicians
or why he had sent for me. this country has produced since World War II.
D) The man talking to those young people over
there has been involved in politics since
World War II, and has done much good in the
country.
E) One of the best politicians this country has
produced since World War II is standing over
there talking to a group of young people.
198
MODADİL
22. Özellikle Afrika’da ve Doğu’da, okuma yazması 24. Thomas Wolfe, ilk romanının 1929’da
olmayan, ancak yüzlerce dizeli bir şiiri yayımlanması üzerine, kendi kuşağının en çok
ezberden okuyan insanlarla karşılaşmak, çoğu gelecek vaat eden yazarlarından biri olarak
kez bizi şaşırtmıştır. görüldü.
A) We have frequently been astonished to meet A) When his first novel was published in 1929,
people, especially in Africa and the East, who Thomas Wolfe was regarded as one of the
are illiterate, and yet who recite from memory most talented writers of his generation.
a poem of hundreds of verses.
B) Upon the publication, in 1929, of his first
B) We are often surprised at how many illiterate novel, Thomas Wolfe was considered to
people we meet, especially in Africa and be one of the most promising writers of his
the East, who are able to recite a poem with generation.
hundreds of verses.
C) As soon as his first novel was published in
www.modadil.com
C) We have frequently come across illiterate 1929, Thomas Wolfe was acclaimed as one of
people in Africa and the East who can the best writers of his generation.
recite hundreds of poems, and we are still
astonished at it. D) With his first novel, which was published in
1929, Thomas Wolfe won the respect of his
D) It’s hardly surprising that the illiterate people own generation and the next one.
of Africa and the East, in particular, are
frequently to be found reciting poems with E) One of the most promising writers of this
hundreds of verses. generation was Thomas Wolfe, whose first
novel was published in 1929.
E) It is the illiterate people of Africa and the
East, in particular, who, not surprisingly, have
learned by heart poems with hundreds of
verses.
Test
25. Kamyon sürücüsü olarak edindiği deneyimleri 27. İzafiyet kuramının ortaya koyduğu bir 1
ona, çalışan çeşitli tipteki insanları şiirlerinde diğer önemli gerçek, kütlenin enerjiye
anlatma fırsatını verdi. dönüşebilmesidir.
A) Various types of working class people are A) The relativity theory is mainly concerned with
described in his poems which are related to the conversion of mass into energy.
his experiences as a truck driver.
B) More important is the fact that the relativity
B) While he was a truck driver, he began to write theory relates speed to energy.
poems in which he described his experiences
with various types of working people. C) According to the relativity theory, there is a
close relationship between speed, mass and
C) His poems are usually about his experiences energy.
with the various types of working people he
met during his years as a truck driver. D) One other important fact that demonstrated
by the relativity theory is that mass can be
D) His experiences as a truck driver brought converted into energy.
him close to working class people, and so he
could describe them in his poems. E) Until the discovery of the relativity theory, little
was known about mass and energy.
E) His experiences as a truck driver gave him
the opportunity to describe, in his poems,
various types of working people.
199
MODADİL
26. Joseph Henry, manyetik bir alanda bir çarkın 28. Yerkürenin iç yapısı, depremlerin veya büyük
dönmesi elektrik üretebileceği gibi, elektriğin patlamaların neden olduğu şok dalgalar
de bir çarkı döndürebileceğini gösterdi. kullanılarak araştırılabilir.
A) Joseph Henry discovered that, in the A) The internal structure of the earth can be
presence of a magnetic field, electricity can investigated using shock waves caused by
both be generated by turning wheels and earthquakes or large explosions.
cause wheels to turn.
B) Shock waves which cause earthquakes and
B) Joseph Henry showed that, in the presence of various massive explosions can be used to
a magnetic field, just as the turning of a wheel investigate the internal structure of the earth.
can generate electricity, so electricity can turn
a wheel. C) Our knowledge of the internal structure of
the earth derives from the investigation of
C) Joseph Henry discovered that, in the shock waves caused by earthquakes and
presence of a magnetic field, electricity could
www.modadil.com
explosions.
both turn wheels and be generated by the
turning of these wheels. D) Earthquakes and large‑scale explosions
produce shock waves which, in turn, give us
D) Joseph Henry proved that the electricity information concerning the internal structure
produced by a turning wheel in the presence of the earth.
of a magnetic field could be immediately used
to turn the wheel. E) The shock waves that accompany
earthquakes and violent explosions increase
E) Joseph Henry showed that, in the presence the problems of examining the internal
of a magnetic field, electricity is generated by structure of the earth.
turning a wheel and at the same time causes
the wheel to turn.
Test
1 29. Uzun vadede, doğal afetlerin hiçbiri ülke için 30. Galaksinin bir başka önemli özelliği de zayıf
orman yangınları kadar zararlı değildir. fakat son derece yaygın bir manyetik alana
sahip olmasıdır.
A) It is a long time since any natural disaster has
caused so much harm as this forest fire. A) The galaxy is also important because its wide
magnetic field is very strong.
B) In the future no natural disaster will prove as
harmful as a forest fire. B) Another important feature of the galaxy is
that it has a weak but enormously extensive
C) From time to time forest fires are more magnetic field.
harmful to the country than other natural
disasters. C) The other important fact about the galaxy is
that its magnetic field is actually very weak.
D) It took a long time for the country to recover
from the harmful effects of forest fires and D) Another special feature of the galaxy is the
other natural disasters. fact that its magnetic field is very weak.
E) In the long run, none of the natural disasters E) Another important feature of the magnetic
are as harmful to a country as forest fires. field of the galaxy is that, though weak, it is
extremely extensive.
200
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
3. Benim tavsiyelerimi göz ardı edip kendi
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye sezgilerine güvenerek, tüm kazancını çok
anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. iyi tanınmayan şirketlerin hisse senetlerine
yatırdı.
1. Onun gibi hırslı birinin böyle bir baskıya boyun
eğmesi pek olası değil. A) She behaved impulsively and, contrary to my
advice, invested all her winnings in the shares
A) It’s hardly likely that someone as ambitious as of some little known companies.
he is will yield to such pressure.
B) Instead of disregarding my advice and trusting
B) I can’t imagine anyone with his forceful her intuition she should have invested her
character yielding to pressure of that sort. earnings in these little known companies.
C) Anyone as ambitious as that would never be C) My advice was in line with her intuition, so she
able to yield to pressure. invested her winnings in the shares of some
D) It’s really not possible to make such ambitious well‑known companies.
people yield to pressure. D) I suggest her to invest her earnings in the
E) It would be impossible to put enough pressure shares of some well‑known companies but
on someone as forceful as he is, to make him she was against this.
give up. E) Disregarding my advice but trusting her
intuition she invested all her earnings in the 201
shares of companies that are not very well
known.
MODADİL
2. Satıştaki ani düşüş sonucu iflasa doğru 4. Personel geliştirme projesi ile ilgili olarak
sürüklendiğini en yakın dostları bile anlamadı. yönetim kurulu hangi kararı alırsa alsın,
projenin başarısını tayin edecek olan, ayrılan
A) It was only his closest friends who realized
para miktarıdır.
that he was heading for bankruptcy with this
sharp fall in sales. A) The executive committee realizes that the
success of the staff development scheme
B) Even his very close friends did not realize
really depends upon the amount of money
that, following a sharp fall in sales, he was they can allocate to it.
heading for bankruptcy.
B) Whatever decision the executive committee
C) His close friends should have realized that
may take as regards the staff development
the sharp fall in sales could lead to his scheme, it is amount of money allocated that
bankruptcy. will determine its success.
www.modadil.com
D) His close friends even warned him that a

C) Whatever decision they reach, the executive
sharp fall in sales could lead bankruptcy. committee will allocate the staff development
E) Even his close friends ignored the fact that he scheme an adequate amount of money to
was on the verge of bankruptcy when sales ensure its success.
so low. D) The success of the staff development scheme
will depend on the amount of money the
executive committee allocates to it.
E) However much money is given to the staff
development scheme, this does not, as the
executive committee knows, guarantee its
success.
Test
2 5. Ekonomiye “kasvetli bilim” denmesi boşuna 7. Fazla kilo kalbi yorar ve sizi çeşitli hastalıklara
değil. yakalanmaya çok daha yatkın hale getirir.
A) There is no good reason for calling economics A) A variety of diseases can be traced back to
“the dismal science”. heart strain due to overweight.
B) Economics deserves to be called “the dismal B) The strain put on your heart by the extra
science”. weight is responsible for these different
diseases.
C) It is not for nothing that economics is called
“the dismal science”. C) The heart is adversely affected by too much
weight and various problems are almost
D) Economics has been labeled “the dismal bound to appear.
science” for no apparent reason.
D) Extra weight puts a strain on the heart and

E) The term “the dismal science” would better makes you far more prone to a variety of
have been applied to economics. diseases.
E) Overweight causes strain on the heart and a
whole range of side effects will then appear.
202
MODADİL
6. Küçük ve orta ölçekli şirketlerin gümrük 8. Çoğu insan gerçekte öğrenmek istediğini
birliğinden özellikle yararlanacaklarını belirtti. resimlerde görmek ister.
A) In particular, he claimed, small and A) The pictures most people like to see are
medium‑sized companies are hoping to scenes from the real life.
benefit from the customs union. B) Most people like to see in pictures what they
B) In his opinion, it is the small and the would like to see in reality.
medium‑sized companies that are likely to C) As far as most people are concerned, pictures
benefit most from the custom union. are better than reality.
C) As he stated, it has been the small to D) What we have in pictures is the reality most
medium‑sized companies especially that have people enjoy seeing.
benefited from the custom union.
E) In fact, what people see in pictures is not what
D) The customs union, he explained, aims to they generally see in reality.
benefit small to medium sized companies in
particular.
www.modadil.com
E) He pointed out that small and medium‑sized

companies would particularly benefit from the
customs union.
Test
9. Ulusal koşullar ne kadar uygun olursa olsun, 11. 1970’den bu yana ülkenin hava ve su 2
her şirket için başarı garantisi yoktur. kirlenmesini azaltmakta kaydettiği ilerleme
tartışılmaz.
A) However favorable the national
circumstances, success for every company is A) One has to admit that the country has worked
not ensured. hard since 1970 to check the pollution of air
and water
B) Even if the national circumstances had been
favorable, that company would hardly have B) During the 1970s there was doubtless a great
been successful. reduction in the pollution level of air and water
in the country.
C) For any given company to be successful, the
national circumstances have to be suitable. C) The country was able to bring down the
pollution levels in air and water from what
D) There is no guarantee of achievement for any they were in 1970.
company unless the national situation is ideal.
D) The country has been remarkably successful
E) If the national situation had only been in its efforts to bring down the pollution levels
conductive to success, such a company from what they were in 1970.
would have been successful.
E) The progress the country has made in
reducing air and water pollution since 1970 is
indisputable.
203
MODADİL
10. Seçilen strateji ne olursa olsun, amaçları 12. Her iki taraftaki sertlik yanlıları, güç paylaşımı
önyargılı siyasal uygulama ve düşünceyi yönündeki tüm girişimleri engelledi.
değiştirme olduğunda, feministlerin A) Hardliners on both sides made determined
müttefiklere ihtiyacı olacaktır. efforts to prevent any power sharing.
A) If the feminists are to alter prejudiced political B) On both sides there are hardliners to oppose
practice and thought they will need more than all efforts to share the power.
a sound strategy and staunch allies.
C) Hardliners on both sides have blocked all
B) Whatever the choice of strategy open to them, moves towards power sharing.
when their aim was to change prejudiced
political practice and thought, the feminists D) On both sides the redistribution of power was
couldn’t manage without allies. objected by hardliners.
C) In spite of the choice of strategy, the feminists E) Any move towards a redistribution of power
found plenty of supporters when their goal would have been overruled by the hardliners
was to change prejudiced political practice of either side.
and thought.
www.modadil.com
D) Regardless of the strategy chosen, feminists

will need allies when their goal is changing
prejudiced political practice and thought.
E) Good allies and careful planning alone are not
enough to give the feminists a victory in their
efforts to change prejudiced political practice
and thought.
Test
2 13. Nükleer bilim ve teknolojinin gelişmesinde 15. 1712’de getirilen gazete vergisine rağmen, 18.
nötron çok önemli bir rol oynamıştır. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Londra’da yayınlanan
gazete sayısı 53’e çıkmıştı.
A) As nuclear science and technology have
developed, the role of the neutron has gained A) More than 53 newspapers were published in
in importance. London in the late eighteenth century in spite
of the tax on newspapers introduced in 1712.
B) In the development of nuclear science and
technology the neutron has played a most B) By the end of the eighteenth century, when
important role. the newspaper tax of 1712 was abolished,
the number of newspapers being published in
C) The importance of the neutron became London rose to 53.
apparent as nuclear science and technology
developed. C) A tax was introduced on newspapers in 1712,

with a view to preventing a further increase in
D) As progress was made in nuclear science and newspapers but nevertheless there were 53
technology, the significance of the neutron by the end of the eighteenth century.
became apparent.
D) The number of newspapers published in
E) The development of nuclear science and London in the late eighteenth century fell to
technology was due to the important role 53 following the newspaper tax imposed in
played by neutron. 1712.
E) Despite the newspaper tax introduced in
1712, the number of newspapers published
in London towards the end of the eighteenth
204 century increased to 53.
MODADİL
14. Fiyatları karşılaştırırken, nitelik gibi niceliğin 16. Birçok çağdaşı gibi, Charles Dickens,
de farklılık gösterebileceğini hatırlamada yarar sanayileşmenin sonucu ortaya çıkan toplumsal
var. sorunları ele almıştır.
A) One needs to be reminded that in comparing A) Many of the contemporaries of Charles
prices, the quantity as well as the quality must Dickens also gave expression to the social
be considered. problems that resulted from industrialization.
B) When comparing prices, one should B) Like many of his contemporaries, Charles
remember that both quality and quantity need Dickens dealt with the social problems
to be reviewed. brought about by industrialization.
C) One should remember that prices can only be C) Like so many of his contemporaries, Charles
www.modadil.com
compared when quantity as well as quality are Dickens tried to ease the social problems
alike. arising from industrialization.
D) When comparing prices, it is worth bearing D) The social problems that came with
in mind that quantity may vary as well as the industrialization were the main concern of
quality. Charles Dickens and his contemporaries.
E) In comparing prices, variations in quantity and E) Charles Dickens and many of his
in quality are of equal importance. contemporaries wrote about industrialization
and the social issues as well.
Test
17. Şimdiki yerine 1588’de taşınmış olan Roma 19. 1925 yılında imzalanan Locarno Antlaşmasıyla, 2
Vatikan Kütüphanesi’nin, bugün Avrupa’nın Almanya, Fransa ve Belçika mevcut
en büyük kütüphanelerinden biri olduğu kabul sınırlarını korumayı ve birbirlerine karşı güç
edilir. kullanmaktan kaçınmayı taahhüt etmişlerdi.
A) One of the largest libraries in Europe today A) With the Treaty of Locarno, signed in 1925,
is undoubtedly that of the Vatican in Rome Germany, France and Belgium undertook to
which has been in existence since 1588. maintain their existing frontiers and abstain
from the use of force against each other.
B) Today it is generally agreed that Vatican
Library of Rome, which has been in its B) In the Treaty of Locarno, signed in 1925,
present premises since 1588, is one of it was stipulated that Germany, France
Europe’s oldest libraries. and Belgium should maintain their existing
frontiers even if they had to resort to force to
C) The Vatican Library of Rome, which moved do so.
to its present premises in 1588, is considered
to be one of the greatest libraries of Europe C) Germany, France and Belgium signed the
today. Locarno Treaty in 1925, so the frontiers were
maintained without having to resort to force.
D) It is generally accepted that the Vatican
Library in Rome, which was moved to its D) The Treaty of Locarno, which was signed
present premises in 1588, is Europe’s in 1925, was an effort to settle the frontiers
greatest library. of Germany, France and Belgium without
resorting to force.
E) Of all the libraries in Europe today, the Vatican
Library of Rome dating back to 1588, is, by E) The present day frontiers between France,
general consent, the greatest. Germany and Belgium date from 1925, when
the Treaty of Locarno was signed to end the
205
use of force between these countries.
MODADİL
18. Viktorya çağının önde gelen bir romancısı 20. “Sanat” sözcüğü çoğu kez “plastik” ve
olan Thackeray kişilerin erdem ve kusurlarını “görsel” olarak tanımlanan sanatlara ilişkin
anlatımında mümkün olduğu kadar gerçekçi olarak kullanılır; ancak bu sözcük aslında
olmayı amaçladı. edebiyat ve müziği de içerir.
A) Thackeray was a leading novelist of the A) Besides the “plastic” or “visual” arts which it
Victorian age, for he depicted the vices and usually refers to the word “art” can also be
virtues of ordinary people truthfully. used with reference to literature and music.
B) The novelist Thackeray, writing in Victorian B) The word “art” should not be restricted to the
times, pictured people’s virtues and vices with “plastic” or “visual” arts, for it also includes
remarkable accuracy. literature and music.
www.modadil.com
C) Thackeray was one of the first of the Victorian C) The word “art” is usually used in association
novelists to depict in a really truthful manner with the arts defined as “plastic” or “visual” but
the virtues and the failings of ordinary people. in fact it also includes literature and music.
D) Thackeray was the first of the Victorian D) Literature and music are often included in the
novelists to concern himself with accurate word “art” but the term should be used only in
accounts of people’s virtues and shortcomings association with “plastic” or “visual” arts.
in everyday action.
E) Although they are neither “plastic” nor “visual”,
E) Thackeray, a leading novelist of the Victorian literature and music are also forms of “art”.
Age, aimed to be as truthful as possible
in his description of people’s virtues and
shortcomings.
Test
2 21. Sahra’nın yılda on kilometreye varan bir hızla 23. “Gerçekçilik”, eleştiride kullanılan en belirsiz
güneye doğru genişlemekte olduğu bilimsel kavramlardan biridir; ancak bu, onun çok sık
olarak saptanmıştır. kullanılmasını engellemez.
A) Recent scientific investigations have shown A) “Realism” is so vague a critical concept that it
that the southerly movement of the Sahara should only be used infrequently.
remains at under 10 kilometers per year.
B) “Realism” is one of the vaguest concepts
B) There is scientific evidence to suggest that used in criticism but that does not stop it from
the Sahara is expanding southwards at a rate being frequently used.
of roughly 10 kilometers a year.
C) “Realism” is a word that is frequently used in
C) The rate at which the Sahara is expanding criticism, but it is often wrongly used.
southwards has been scientifically established

as not exceeding 10 kilometers a year. D) The vagueness of the term “realism” means
that it is only infrequently used in a critical
D) According to recent scientific data, the Sahara context.
is moving in a southerly direction at a rate of
just under 10 kilometers a year. E) The term “realism” is frequently used in
criticism but with only a vague concept of
E) It has been scientifically established that the what it actually means.
Sahara is expanding southward at a rate of up
to 10 kilometers a year.
206
MODADİL
22. Makalede, dünya tahıl üretiminin son 24. Aile ve akrabalık, genelde, ilkel veya ilerlemiş
yıllarda önemli ölçüde düşmeye başladığı olsun tüm insan topluluklarının temel
vurgulanmaktadır. gerçeğidir ve binlerce yıldan beri de hep öyle
olmuştur.
A) In the article it is emphasized that world grain
production has begun to fall substantially in A) In both primitive and advanced societies,
recent years. family and kinship, in general, have,
for thousands of years, been of basic
B) From the article it is obvious that there significance.
has been a substantial fall in world grain
production in recent decade. B) For thousands of years now, the family and
relatives have generally been basic realities
C) It should be emphasized in the article that in all human societies, both primitive and
there has been a noticeable drop in world advanced.
www.modadil.com
grain production during the last few years.

C) During the last thousand years or so, the
D) According to the article, a serious drop in family, and kinship generally, have been
world grain production only began a few years among the basic realities of all human
ago. societies whether primitive or advanced.
E) It is pointed out in the article that the D) Until the last thousand years or so, in both
substantial fall in the world grain production primitive and advanced societies, family
has begun in recent years. and kinship were usually regarded as basic
elements of human existence.
E) Family and kinship, generally are basic
realities in all human societies, whether
primitive or advanced, and have been so for
thousands of years.
Test
25. Gelişmiş ülkeler çok düşük nüfus artış 27. Bugün yayınlanan raporda, dünyada cüzzamlı 2
hızına sahip olsalar bile, bunların az 15 milyon insanın büyük çoğunluğunun
gelişmiş ülkelerdeki hızlı nüfus artışından tropikal ülkelerde yaşadığı belirtilmektedir.
etkilenmeyeceklerini söylemek yanlış olur.
A) A report has been released today confirming
A) Even if there were a drop in the population that there are 15 million people in the world
growth of developed countries one should not with leprosy, most of whom live in tropical
say that the developing countries, with their countries.
rapidly expanding populations, would be likely
to be affected by it. B) In the report to be published today, it is
mentioned that there are 15 million people in
B) Even supposing that the developed countries the world with leprosy, and most of these live
had a very slight population growth, it wouldn’t in tropical countries.
be fair to suggest that the rapid population
growth of underdeveloped countries couldn’t C) In the report released today, it is pointed out
affect them. that of the 15 million people with leprosy in
the world the great majority live in tropical
C) A very slight drop in the population growth countries.
of developed countries means nothing in the
face of the rapid increase in the populations of D) In a report to be published today it is
developing countries. confirmed that of the 15 million lepers in
the world, a slight majority lives in tropical
D) Even though developed countries have a countries.
very low rate of population growth, it would
be wrong to say that they will not be affected E) According to a report published today, it
by the rapid increase of population in seems that of the 15 million lepers in the
underdeveloped countries. world by far the majority are to be found in
tropical countries.
207
E) It has been wrongly predicted that the rapid
increase in the population of underdeveloped
countries will have no effect on the slight
decline in population in developed countries.
MODADİL
28. İnsanlar, uygarlığın doğuşundan beri

26. Sıtma tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlar son gökyüzünü incelemişlerdir; ancak orada
derece önemli olsa da hastalığa neden olan var olanların büyük çoğunluğu hâlâ
sivrisineğin kontrolü çok daha önemlidir. bilinmemektedir.
A) However effective the drug used in the A) People have studied the sky since the dawn
treatment of malaria may be, it is still of civilization, yet the bulk of what is out there
important to control the mosquito that causes is still unknown.
the disease.
B) Provided that people had studied the sky
B) Though the drugs used in the treatment of throughout civilized times, the bulk of what is
malaria are extremely important, the control out there would now have been known.
www.modadil.com
of the mosquito, which causes the disease, is

even more so. C) People were studying the sky even before the
dawn of civilization, but little was known about
C) If the mosquito that causes malaria could be what was out there.
controlled, the drugs used in its treatment
would cease to be important. D) A large portion of space remains unexplored
though man has been interested in it since the
D) As new drugs are extremely effective in the dawn of civilization.
treatment of malaria, there is less need now
to control the mosquito which carries the E) The sky has been under observation ever
disease. since civilization began, but not much is
known about it.
E) Control of the mosquito which carries malaria
has proved far more effective than any of the
drugs that have been used in its treatment.
Test
2 29. Rapordan, gelecek yüzyılda dünyada kişi 31. İngiltere ile İskoçya arasında imzalanan ve
başına düşen su miktarında önemli ölçüde 1 Mayıs 1707’den itibaren yürürlüğe giren
azalma olacağı açıkça anlaşılabilir. “Birlik Antlaşması”nı müteakip, İskoç ticaret
yasalarının tümü İngiltere’nin ticaret yasalarına
A) One may conclude from the report that, during uygun hale getirildi.
the next century, the average amount of water
consumed per head of the population in the A) Once “The Treaty of Union” between England
world will have to be reduced. and Scotland went into effect on 1 May 1707,
all the Scottish trade laws had to be brought
B) It is most clearly stated in the report that, in into line with those of England.
the next century, the drop in the amount of
water needed per head in the world will be B) “The Treaty of Union” between England and
enormous. Scotland went into effect on 1 May 1707 and
from then on same trade laws held good for

C) The report makes it clear that, during the next England and Scotland.
century, the amount of water available per
head in the world will hardly be adequate. C) Following the “the Treaty of Union” made
between England and Scotland and brought
D) The report makes the point that, in the next into effect on 1 May 1707, the Scottish trade
century, there will have to be a sharp drop in laws were revised together with those of
the amount of water made available per head England.
of the population.
D) Following “the Treaty of Union”, which was
E) It can be clearly concluded from the report signed between England and Scotland and
that, during the next century, there will be went into effect as of 1 May 1707, all of
a considerable drop in the amount of water the Scottish trade laws were brought into
208 available per head in the world. conformity with those of England.
E) After 1 May 1707, when “the Treaty of Union”
between England and Scotland went into
effect, some of the trade laws of Scotland and
England had to be reviewed.
MODADİL
30. Yönetim, yeni hisse senetlerinin, rayiç 32. Gökbilimciler, evrenin sadece güneş ve
piyasa değerinden %20 daha düşük olarak gezegenleri içine alan yıldız sisteminden
fiyatlandırılmasını uygun görmüştür. oluşmadığını belirtiyorlar.
A) The board has proposed the sale of new A) The astronomers suggest that the universe
shares on the market at a price 20% less than may not merely consist of the star system
their current value. including the sun and the planets.
B) The management has stated that the new B) Astronomers point out that the universe does
shares be issued at a price 20% less than not consist solely of the star system which
their current value. includes the sun and the planets.
www.modadil.com
C) The management has agreed that the new C) As the astronomers have pointed out, the sun
shares be priced 20% below their current and the planets are a part of the star system
market value. that makes up the universe.
D) The board has announced that the price of D) The star system, including the sun and the
the shares currently coming onto the market planets, is not, according to the astronomers,
should be reduced by 20%. the sole component of the universe.
E) The managing board has accepted the pricing E) Astronomers are undecided as to whether
of the new shares, which will be 20% down on the universe is simply compounded of the
their actual value on the market. star system which includes the sun and the
planets.
Test
33. Mısır’da Rozetta denilen bir yerde 1799’da 35. Anadolu’nun çeşitli yerlerinde yapılan kazılar, 2
Fransızlar tarafından bulunmuş olan “Rozetta Hititlerin M.Ö. 1350 dolaylarında yüksek
Taşı”, hem hiyerogliflerle hem de Yunanca bir uygarlık düzeyine ulaştıklarını ortaya
yazılmış bir kitabeyi içeriyordu. koymuştur.
A) “The Rosetta Stone“, which was discovered in A) Hittite settlements in Anatolia have been
1799 by the French at a place called Rosetta excavated so as to show that there was a
in Egypt, bore an inscription written both in high level of civilization before 1350 B. C.
hieroglyphics and in Greek.
B) Excavations carried out in various parts of
B) The French found “the Rosetta Stone” in Anatolia suggest that the Hittite civilization
1799 at a place called Rosetta in Egypt and came to its highest point around 1350 B. C.
there is an inscription on it written both in
hieroglyphics and in Greek. C) Various parts of Anatolia are being excavated
so as to confirm that there was a high level of
C) “The Rosetta Stone”, which was called after Hittite civilization around 1350 B. C.
the place Rosetta, where the French found it
1799 in Egypt has an inscription on it both in D) Excavations suggest that the Hittites of
hieroglyphics and in Greek. Anatolia only reached a high level of
civilization after 1350 B. C.
D) The inscription on “the Rosetta Stone”, found
in Egypt, makes this a significant discovery as E) Excavations carried out in various parts
it is written both in hieroglyphics and in Greek. of Anatolia have revealed that the Hittites
attained a high level of civilization round about
E) “The Rosetta Stone”, with its inscription in 1350 B. C.
hieroglyphics and in Greek, is still to be found
where the French discovered it in 1799 at
Rosetta in Egypt.
209
MODADİL
34. Profesör Green, makalesinde, 1950’lerin 36. “Kara Ölüm”, 1348‑50 yıllarında Avrupa’yı
ortasından itibaren İngiltere’de, kömür baştan başa saran ve hemen hemen nüfusun
madenciliği dışında grevlerin sayısının artma yarısını silp süpüren vebaya verilen addır.
eğilimi gösterdiğini vurgulamaktadır.
A) “The Black Death” is the name generally
A) As Professor Green states in his article, from given to the plaque that swept across Europe
the mid 1950s onwards, strikers have been in 1348 and 1350 and caused the death of
on the increase in Britain, except among coal half of the population.
miners.
B) The plague known as “The Black Death”
B) It is emphasized in Professor Green’s article swept across Europe during the years
that, coal mining apart, there has been a 1348‑50 and killed at least half of the
noticeable increase in the number of strikes in population.
www.modadil.com
Britain since the mid‑1950s.

C) Between 1348 and 1350 half of the population
C) In his article Professor Green has emphasized of Europe was killed by the plague usually
that, from the mid‑1950s onwards, the number called “The Black Death“.
of strikes in Britain has tended to increase in
all areas of mining other than coal. D) “The Black Death” is the name given to the
plague which swept across Europe in the
D) What is stressed in Professor Green’s article years 1348‑50 and wiped out almost a half of
is that in the mid‑1950s the number of strikers the population.
in Britain has tended to increase in all areas
of mining other than coal. E) Almost half of the population of Europe died
when the plague known as “The Black Death”
E) In his article Professor Green makes the point devastated Europe during the years 1348 to
that the tendency to increased striking activity 1350.
from the mid‑1950s onwards in Britain is
limited to coal mining.
Test
2 37. Viyana Kongresi, Eylül 1814’ten Haziran 1815’e 39. Bugünkü nükleer enerji üretiminin ana
kadar sürmüş ve Napolyon’un yenilgisinden maddesini oluşturan uranyum, geçmişte
sonra çeşitli Avrupa devletlerinin topraklarının bileşikler halinde, seramik ve dokuma
sınırlarını belirlemiştir. sanayisinde kullanılıyordu.
A) The Vienna Congress lasted from September A) The use of uranium is now largely limited to
1814 to June 1815 and defined the borders the production of nuclear energy but formerly
of the territories of different European states compounds containing it were used in the
after the defeat of Napoleon. ceramics and textile industries.
B) The Vienna Congress, which was held B) Uranium is now the chief substance used in
between September 1814 and June 1815, the production of nuclear energy, but formerly
defined the borders between various the ceramics and the textile industries used it
European states after Napoleon’s defeat. to produce various compounds.

C) The Vienna Congress was held between C) Uranium is nowadays used mainly in the
September 1814 and June 1815, following production of nuclear energy though the
Napoleon’s defeat, in order to settle the ceramics and the textile industries in the past
frontiers of various European countries. used its various compounds.
D) The Vienna Congress, which was held D) Uranium, which today constitutes the main
from September 1814 to June 1815, after substance for the production of nuclear
Napoleon’s defeat, aimed to restore the energy, was used in the past in the ceramics
frontiers of European countries. and textile industries in the form of various
compounds.
E) After the defeat of Napoleon, the frontiers of
210 various European countries were redefined
at the Vienna Congress, which lasted from
E) The uranium compounds, which were used in
ceramics and textile industries in the past, are
September 1814 to June 1815. today used mainly as the main substance of
nuclear energy.
MODADİL
40. Yaptığımız çalışma, büyük kentlerin

38. Ortaçağ Avrupa’sında önemli bir mimari tarz banliyölerinde yaşayanların sayısının son on
olan “romanesk” mimarisi önce İtalya’da yılda üç katına çıktığını göstermektedir.
gelişmiş ve daha sonra, Fransa ve Almanya
başta olmak üzere, tüm Avrupa’ya yayılmıştır. A) The study we have carried out demonstrates
that the number of those living in the suburbs
A) Romanesque architecture, which was of big cities tripled during the last ten years.
the prevailing style in medieval European
architecture, first flourished in Italy and only B) The research we have undertaken
later spread to France and Germany and the demonstrates that the number of people living
rest of Europe. in the suburbs of big cities tripled during the
last decade.
B) Romanesque architecture, which was a major
architectural style in medieval Europe, first C) Our study indicates that, during the last ten
flourished in Italy and then spread to the rest years, there was a three‑fold increase in the
www.modadil.com
of Europe, with France and Germany in the number of those living in the suburbs of the
lead. larger cities.
C) Romanesque architecture, which had D) We have been informed that during the last
originated in Italy, soon became the prevailing ten years, there was a three‑fold increase in
style of architecture throughout medieval the number of people living in suburbs around
Europe but particularly in France and the larger towns.
Germany.
E) Our research suggests that the population of
D) The major architectural style of medieval the larger cities tripled during the last decade
Europe was the Romanesque one that found with the growth of the suburbs.
in Italy and spread mainly to France and
Germany.
E) The leading countries of Medieval Europe,
France and Germany, together with
others, accepted the Romanesque style of
architecture that had flourished in Italy.
Test
41. Bir yıl kadar süren bir araştırmada, bilim 43. Son yıllarında zaman zaman Auden’in 2
adamları aşırı şişmanlığa yol açtığına üslübunda yazdığı şiirler, anlamca zengin veya
inandıkları bir gen bozukluğunu ortaya yeterince zarif olmasa da, zevkle okunabilir
çıkardılar. niteliktedir.
A) In a study that had continued for a year, A) In later years he improved the style of his
scientists detected a gene defect that they poems rather along the lines of Auden,
believed led to obesity. making them pleasantly readable though
without depth of meaning.
B) A study, which lasted nearly a year, convinced
scientists that obesity could be caused by a B) Now and then, especially as he got older,
gene defect. he wrote poems, which like Auden’s, are
definitely readable but lacking in meaning and
C) After a year‑long study, scientists admitted not refined in style.
that obesity could be caused by a gene
defect. C) In later years he sometimes wrote very
pleasant poems which, although not rich in
D) Following a year‑long study, scientists meaning, have a polished style reminiscent of
observed a gene defect which they were Auden.
convinced was a cause of obesity.
D) The poems he wrote occasionally in his later
E) A study, done on obesity by scientists for years in the style of Auden are pleasantly
almost the whole year, suggests that a gene readable, even though they are not rich in
defect was the primary cause. meaning or sufficiently refined.
E) Like Auden in his later years, he too wrote
poems in a more polished style that made
them even more pleasantly readable.
211
MODADİL
44. Çoğu gazeteci, Fransız Başbakanı Jospin’in,

42. Eğer bir kişiyi kendi davan için kazanmak görevde olduğu ilk sekiz ay boyunca siyasi
istiyorsan, önce onu, onun gerçek dostu manevra için şüphe götürmez bir ustalık
olduğuna ikna etmelisin. gösterdiği görüşündedir.
A) In winning a person to support your case, you A) In the opinion of many journalists the French
have to first of all establish that you are truly Prime Minister Jospin has made full use of his
his friend. talent for political manoeuvre during the first
B) Before you can win a man to your side, you eight months of his being in office.
must first prove to him that you are a faithful B) Most journalists are of the opinion that
friend. throughout his first eight months in office,
C) If you want to win a man to your cause, you the French Premier Jospin has shown an
must first convince him that you are his true unsuspected flair for political manoeuvre.
friend.
www.modadil.com
C) As far as a number of journalists are

D) The very first step in persuading a person to concerned, the French Prime Minister Jospin
take up your cause is to impress on him that has demonstrated his undoubted skills in
you are a genuine friend of his. political manoeuvring during his eight months
in office.
E) Should you wish to win a man over to your
side, you have in the first place to convince D) Many journalists agree that Jospin, the
him of your true friendship. Premier of France, performed an amazing
ability for political manoeuvre during the first
eight months he was in office.
E) A number of journalists share the view that
following his first eight months in office,
Jospin, the Prime Minister of French, excelled
at political manoeuvring.
Test
2 45. İspanya Kralı II. Philip 1580’de Portekiz’i 47. İngiltere tarafından halen uygulanmakta olan
aldığından bu yana Portekizliler hep derin bir ve iyileştirilmesine acilen ihtiyaç duyulan
işgal korkusu taşımışlardır. sığınma politikasına göre, mülteciler ülkeye
varışlarında gözetim altına alınmakta ve
A) Since the Spanish King Philip II took over yasal işlemlerin tamamlanması oldukça uzun
Portugal in 1580, the Portuguese have always sürmektedir.
had a deep fear of invasion.
A) Owing to the requirements of the asylum
B) After Philip II, King of Spain conquered policy recently adopted by Britain but still in
Portugal in 1580, the Portuguese were need of improvement, every refugee who
extremely afraid of the consequence of this arrives in the country has to be detained until
invasion. legal matters are settled, and this usually
C) Since Portugal was captured in 1580 by the takes a long time.

Spaniards under Philip II, the Portuguese B) The current asylum policy followed by Britain
people have been unremittingly fearful of urgently needs to be improved since it
another invasion. requires that all the refugees arriving in the
D) The Portuguese had always been afraid of a country are to be held in custody until the
Spanish invasion even before Portugal was completion of legal procedures which take
taken over in 1580 by Philip II, the King of some time.
Spain. C) According to the asylum policy currently
E) The Portuguese people’s deep‑seated fear of practised by Britain and urgently in need
invasion dates back to 1580, when Philip II of of improvement, refugees are detained on
Spain conquered Portugal. arrival in the country, and completion of legal
procedures takes quite a long time.
212
D) The asylum policy currently practised in
Britain is in urgent need of reform as, on
arrival, all refugees are taken into detention
until legal procedures are finalized which may
take a long time.
E) Britain’s current asylum policy, which is in dire
need of revision requires that all refugees are
MODADİL
to be detained upon their arrival in the country

and wait for the completion of lengthy legal
procedures.
46. Başkan Yeltsin İtalya’ya yaptığı geziyi

tamamlarken, Rusya’nın ulusal gaz şirketi
Gazprom da İtalyan enerji grubu ENI ile 2
milyar dolarlık bir sözleşme imzaladı.
48. Şu an Irak’la yaşanan bunalıma ilişkin olarak
A) President Yeltsin’s visit to Italy ended with
the signing of a $2 billion contract between sizi temin etmek isterim ki biz, Irak halkına
Russia’s national gas company Gazprom and kayıp verdirme düşüncesini kesinlikle hoş
Italy’s energy group ENI. karşılamıyoruz.
A) The idea of inflicting casualties on the people
B) During President Yeltsin’s last visit to Italy,
a $2 billion contract was signed between of Iraq in the course of the present crisis is
not; let me assure you, one that pleases us.
www.modadil.com
Russia’s national gas company Gazprom and

Italy’s energy group ENI. B) I want to point out that the very idea of
C) The $2 billion contract between Gazprom
inflicting casualties on the Iraqi people is
which is Russia’s gas company and ENI obnoxious to me in the current crisis with Iraq.
which is Italy’s energy group was signed just C) As regards the present stalemate with Iraq
as President Yeltsin ended his tour of Italy. I feel I should emphasize that inflicting
D) As President Yeltsin rounded up his visit
casualties on the Iraqi people is not an idea
to Italy, Gazprom, Russia’s national gas we cherish.
company, signed a $2 billion contract with the D) I assure you that the thought of our having to
Italian energy group ENI. inflict casualties on the Iraqi people during the
E) While President Yeltsin’s visit to Italy was
present crisis is not a pleasing one.
nearing its end, the $2 billion contract E) Concerning the current crisis with Iraq I want
between the Russian gas company Gazprom to assure you that we do not at all relish the
and the Italian energy group ENI was thought of inflicting casualties on the Iraqi
eventually signed. people.
Test
49. Güvenlik Konseyi, kitle imha silahlarının 50. Çeşitli araştırmalar göstermiştir ki bugün 2
yayılması gibi küresel tehditlerle baş Amerika’da, hemen hemen her iki saatte bir,
edebilecek birkaç uluslararası kuruluştan bir trenle bir motorlu taşıt çarpışmaktadır.
biridir.
A) Several studies have established that once
A) Of the few international organizations in every two hours in present‑day America, a
empowered to check the spread of weapons train and a vehicle crash.
of mass destruction, which is a global threat,
only the Security Council has proved effective. B) According to various studies carried out in
America today, there is a collision between a
B) Except for Security Council, there are few train and another vehicle practically every two
international bodies capable of tackling global hours.
threats, such as the spread of weapons of
mass destruction. C) In America today, as various studies have
revealed, a train hits a vehicle as often as
C) The Security Council is one of the few every two hours.
international bodies tackling global threats,
such as the spread of weapons of mass D) Various studies indicate us that every two
destruction. hours or so a train runs into a vehicle in
America today.
D) To forestall the global threat of the spread of
weapons of mass destruction the Security E) Various studies have shown that in America
Council and some few other international today a train collides with a vehicle almost
instutitions came into being. every two hours.
E) It is the Security Council which, with a few

other international bodies, has sought to
tackle such global threats as the spread of
213
weapons of mass destruction.
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
3 Turkish-English TRANSLATION
3. 1960’ların sonlarında İngiltere’de Wilson
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye hükümeti, ücret artışlarının enflasyon
anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. üzerindeki etkisini kontrol edebilmek için
sendikaların desteğini kazanmaya çalıştı.
1. Ülkenin en kalabalık kenti ve İsviçre
bankacılığının kalbi olan Zürih, kendi A) Having won the Unions’ support in Britain
okullarında dil öğretiminin iyileştirilmesi için in the late 1960s, the Wilson government
bir danışma kurulu oluşturdu. managed to control inflation by cutting down
on wage increases.
A) Zurich, one of the most crowded cities in the
country and the main centre of Swiss banking, B) Later in the 1960s in Britain, the Wilson
has decided to establish a working committee government won the Unions’ support, thus
for the improvement of language schools. making it possible to control the effect of wage
increases upon inflation.
B) Zurich, the most populous city of the country
and the heart of Swiss banking, set up an C) With a view to controlling the effect of wage
advisory committee for the improvement of increases upon inflation in Britain, the Wilson
language teaching in its own schools. government began, towards the end of the
1960s, to ask for more support from the
C) The first of the advisory committees to be set Unions.
up for the advance of language teaching in
D) In the late 1960s in Britain, the Wilson
214 schools was Zurich, which is an extremely
crowded city and the banking centre of government tried to win the Unions’ support in
Switzerland. order to control the effect of wage increases
on inflation.
D) For the development of language teaching in
schools, a special committee was set up for E) The Wilson government won the support
Zurich, because it is a very crowded city and of the Unions in the late 1960s in Britain by
the heart of banking in Switzerland. controlling the effect of wage increases on
inflation.
MODADİL
E) Zurich, which is an over‑populated city and

has been the heart of banking in Switzerland,
has launched a policy of efficient language
teaching in its schools in line with the advisory
committee’s recommendations.
2. İngiliz ihracatçılar, hükümetlerine, sterlinin 4. Kamuoyu yoklamaları farklılık gösterir; ancak

ulaştığı düzeyden olduğu kadar, tırmandığı Avustralyalıların yaklaşık üçte ikisi cumhuriyet
hızdan da şikayet etmektedir. istediklerini açıkça söylemektedirler.
A) British exporters denounce the government A) Opinion polls are inconclusive, yet roughly
for the level sterling has reached as well as two‑thirds of all Australians are clearly
pleased to have a republic.
www.modadil.com
for the speed at which it has climbed.

B) British exporters are criticising the B) Opinion polls may vary, but well over
government as much for the speed with two‑thirds of the Australians admit that they
which sterling has risen as for the level it has want a republic.
reached. C) Opinion polls conclusively show that roughly
C) British exporters accuse the government of two‑thirds of the Australian people actually
the rapidness of the rise of the sterling as well want a republic.
as for the level to which it has risen. D) Opinion polls are unreliable, but nevertheless
D) It is as much the speed at which sterling has it is apparent that two thirds or so of the
climbed as the level to which it has risen Australian people are in favour of a republic.
that has made British exporters criticize their E) Opinion polls vary, but about two‑thirds of
government. the Australians openly say that they want a
E) British exporters complain to their government republic.
as much about the speed with which sterling
has climbed as about the level it has reached.
Test
5. Sovyetler Birliği çöktüğünden beri, sermaye 7. 1970’lerdeki büyük petrol bunalımından beri, 3
kaçışı, komünizm sonrası Rusya’nın başlıca Uluslararası Enerji Kurumu alternatif enerji
ekonomik hastalıklarından biri olmuştur. kaynakları bulmak için yapılan araştırmaları
teşvik etmiş ve desteklemiştir.
A) Ever since the Soviet Union collapsed, capital
flight has been one of the post‑communist A) Since the great oil crisis of the 1970s, the
Russia’s chief economic plagues. International Energy Agency has encouraged
and supported research carried out to
B) Once the Soviet Union collapsed, capital discover alternative energy sources.
flight became the most persistent of
all post‑communist Russia’s economic B) Since there was a great oil crisis in the 1970s,
headaches. the International Energy Agency has been
encouraging and supporting research into
C) Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, alternative energy sources.
post‑communist Russia’s economy has been
plagued by capital flight. C) Following the serious oil crisis of the 1970s,
the International Energy Agency has been
D) Capital flight has, since the Soviet Union encouraging and subsidizing any research
collapsed, been one of the most feared pertaining to alternative energy resources.
economic problems of post‑communist
Russia. D) Following the great oil crisis of the 1970s, the
International Energy Agency has encouraged
E) Following the collapse of the Soviet Union research that could lead to the discovery of
and the start of the post‑communist era, alternative energy sources.
Russia’s economy has suffered on account of
capital flight. E) The great oil crisis of the 1970s convinced
the International Energy Agency of the need
to support research into the development of
215
alternative energy resources.
MODADİL
6. Hindistan’da suçun giderek daha az önemli bir 8. Avrupa’da ortak bir pazar için ilk planı daha
sorun olduğu düşüncesi, tamamen yanıltıcıdır. 1943‑44’lerde tasarlayan, Hollanda eski
dışişleri bakanı J. W. Beyen idi.
A) It would be quiet wrong to assume that crime
is becoming a less serious problem in India. A) Before 1943 or 1944, it was a former Dutch
foreign minister, J. W. Beyen, who first
B) The idea that crime is becoming a less announced a plan for a common market in
significant problem in India is completely Europe.
misleading.
B) As early as 1943‑44, the first plan for the
C) It would be most unfair to infer that the common European market was drawn up by
problem of crime is steadily being disregarded J. W. Beyen, Holland’s former foreign minister.
in India.
C) The first plan for Europe’s common market
D) The idea that the problem of crime is on the
www.modadil.com
dates from 1943‑44 and was drawn up by J.

decrease in India is completely wrong. W. Beyen, a former Dutch foreign minister.
E) The view that crime in India is steadily D) It was J. W. Beyen, a former Dutch foreign
ceasing to be a chief problem is rather minister, who, as early as 1943‑44, drafted
disturbing. the first plan for a common market in Europe.
E) As far back as 1943‑44 J. W. Beyen, who
at the time was the Dutch foreign minister,
drew up the first plan for a European common
market.
Test
3 9. Bizimki sadece küçük bir nakliye şirketi olduğu 11. İngiltere’de iki milyondan fazla kişi, Avrupa
için navlundan indirim yapmamız maalesef Birliği’nce izin verilen en yüksek düzeyin
mümkün değildir. çok üzerinde alüminyum içeren musluk suyu
içmektedir.
A) Since ours is only a small transport company,
I’m afraid it is impossible for us to make a A) The European Union only permits a certain
discount on the sea freight. level of aluminum in the drinking water, but
more than two million people in Britain drink
B) As our transport company is rather small, we tap water exceeding this level.
sometimes manage to offer a discount on the
sea freight. B) There are two million people in Britain today
who drink tap water containing a higher
C) Though ours is quite a small transport level of aluminum than that allowed by the
company, it shouldn’t be impossible for us to European Union.

arrange a discount on the sea freight.
C) The European Union is concerned that over
D) I am sorry but, as this is only a small transport two million people in Britain are drinking tap
company, it would be unreasonable to expect water with an unacceptably high aluminum
a discount on the sea freight. level.
E) A small transport company such as ours D) The level of aluminum in the tap water that
cannot reasonably be expected to offer any over two million people drink in Britain today
discount on the sea freight. exceeds what the European Union permits
E) In Britain, over two million people drink tap
water which contains aluminum well over the
216 maximum level permitted by the European
Union.
MODADİL
10. Dicle üzerinde yapılan kaya dolgu yeni baraj, 12. Şili’li seçmenler, 1990’da ve tekrar 1996’da,
en şiddetli depremlere dayanacak kadar orta‑sol koalisyonların seçilmesi ile
sağlamdır. demokrasiye geçiş sürecine onay verdiler.
A) The new rock‑fill dam built on the Tigris has A) The Chilean electorate approved the
been designed so as to stand firmly even in transition to democracy in both the 1990 and
the event of a violent earthquake. 1996 elections in which a centre‑left coalition
B) There is a new rock‑fill dam on the Tigris was elected.
which has been constructed to be strong B) As in 1990, so in 1996, the Chilean voters
enough to withstand the most severe of showed their approval of the transition to
earthquakes. democracy by electing a coalition of the
C) The new rock‑fill dam, built on the Tigris, is centre‑left.
strong enough to withstand the most severe C) The transition to democracy in Chile was
earthquakes. aided by the election in 1990 and also in 1996
D) Even an extremely violent earthquake could of a central‑left coalition.
www.modadil.com
not damage the new rock‑fill dam constructed D) In 1990 and again in 1996, through the
on the Tigris. election of centre‑left coalitions, the Chilean
E) The new rock‑fill dam on the Tigris was built electorate endorsed the process of transition
so solidly that even a severe earthquake to democracy.
couldn’t pose a threat. E) The election, by the Chilean voters, of a
centre‑left coalition in 1990 and again in
1996 strengthened the transition process for
democracy.
Test
13. Bugün, gelecek vaat eden pek çok genç 15. Filmin başarısı, sadece oyunculuğun 3
yeteneğe karşın, Amerikan komedileri gücünde ve çeşitliliğinde değil, aynı zamanda
düzeyinde komedi ürettiğimizi sanmıyorum. yönetmenin duygulu bir destan yaratmasında
da yatmaktadır.
A) Today, despite a lot of promising young talent,
I don’t think we are producing comedies of the A) The success of the film is in part owing to the
standard of American ones. fact that the acting is powerful and convincing
and in part to the director’s creation of a
B) The comedies we are currently producing are stirring epic.
hardly of the same standard as the American
ones, though we do have a great deal of B) The film succeeds not only because the
young talent. acting is so powerful and various but also
because the director has managed to create a
C) The standard of the comedies we have sensitive epic quality.
produced so far is well below that of American
comedies, despite the fact that there are C) The success of the film lies not just in the
plenty of talented young people today. force and range of the acting but in the
director’s creation of a sensitive epic.
D) Although there are plenty of talented young
people today, still the standard of the D) It is not only the sensitivity and the complexity
comedies we have produced is below that of of the acting that is responsible for the film’s
the American ones. success but also the powerful epic quality the
director has brought into it.
E) Even though we have a lot of young talent
today, we are producing comedies of a lower E) Not only the sensitivity and range of the acting
standard than those in America. but also the director’s inspired creation of an
epic atmosphere contributes to the success of
the film.
217
MODADİL
14. İki yıl önce, bunaltıcı bir yaz başında, 16. Mozart iki yüz yedi yıl önce bu ay öldüğünde,
İngiltere’deki gıda ve tarımcılığı tanıtmak daha sonra öğrencisi Süssmayr tarafından
amacıyla Londra Hyde Park’ta özel ve son tamamlanan Requiem’ini bitirememişti.
derece ilginç bir sergi düzenlendi.
A) It was Süssmayr, one of Mozart’s student’s,
A) The special exhibition set up in London’s who completed the Requiem left unfinished by
Hyde Park two years ago, during a terribly hot the composer when he died two hundred and
summer, aimed to promote Britain’s food and seven years ago this month.
farming.
B) When Mozart died two hundred and seven
B) An especially interesting exhibition was held years ago this month, he had been unable to
two years ago in London’s Hyde Park, at the finish his Requiem, which was later completed
start of a very hot summer in order to promote by his student Süssmayr.
Britain’s farming products.
C) Two hundred and seven years ago this
C) It was two years ago, in Hyde Park, in
www.modadil.com
month, when Mozart died he left his Requiem

London, during an exceedingly hot summer, unfinished for his student Süssmayr to finish.
that a special exhibition was put on in Hyde
Park in London to promote the Britain’s food D) Upon Mozart’s death two hundred seven
and farming. years ago this month, his student Süssmayr
completed the Requiem which the composer
D) Two years ago, at the beginning of a had failed to finish.
sweltering summer, a special and most
interesting exhibition was put on in Hyde E) The Requiem which Mozart had been unable
Park in London to promote Britain’s food and to complete before his death two hundred and
farming. seven years ago this month, was finished by
his student Süssmayr.
E) To promote Britain’s food and farming, a
particularly interesting exhibition displayed in
London’s Hyde Park at the beginning of that
memorable hot summer two years ago.
Test
3 17. Az gelişmiş ülkeler içinde karayolu yapımında 19. Başkan, son istatistiklere atıfta bulunarak,
en faal olanı Brezilya’dır, çünkü karayolu Amerika’nın bazı kentlerinde suç oranının son
taşımacılığı, bu ülkenin ekonomisinin on yıl içinde hızla artmış olduğunu ifade etti.
belkemiğini oluşturur.
A) The President announced that, according to
A) Among less developed countries the most some recent statistics, the rate of crime in a
active one in road construction is Brazil, for number of American cities had clearly risen
road transportation constitutes the backbone substantially over the past decade.
of the country’s economy.
B) Citing recent statistics, the President stated
B) As road transportation in Brazil is basic to the that, over the last decade, the crime rate in
country’s economy, road construction here is some cities of America had risen rapidly.
more active than in less developed countries.
C) As the President pointed out with reference

C) Road construction in Brazil is far ahead of to recent statistics, since the last decade, the
that in other less developed countries as the number of crimes in various major American
country’s economy is largely dependent on cities has risen sharply.
road transportation.
D) The President argued that, in view of recent
D) When compared with other less developed statistical evidence, the rapid rise in the rate
countries, Brazil is particularly active in road of crime in some American cities during the
construction since its economy depends so last decade called for serious action.
completely on road transportation.
E) As the President has stated, it appears from
E) Since road transportation is vital to Brazil’s recent statistics that, over the last decade,
economy, road construction in this country there has been a considerable rise in the
218 receives more priority than in other less
developed countries.
crime rate in some American cities.
MODADİL
18. Cinsel iktidarsızlık yaşlanmanın doğal bir

işareti olabileceği kadar, bünyede şeker veya 20. Observer gazetesinin genel yayın yönetmeni
yüksek tansiyon gibi ciddi bir gelişmenin Will Hutton, İngiliz basınının durumunu
belirtisi de olabilir. izlemek üzere kurulan bağımsız bir kurulun
başkanlığına atandı.
A) Diabetes and hypertension which are
generally regarded as serious bodily A) Will Hutton, presently editor‑in‑chief of The
developments have the same symptoms as Observer, has been approached to chair a
sexual impotence in old age. special commission which will look into the
issues facing the British press.
B) One of the serious developments that old age
causes in the body is sexual impotence which B) So as to study the efficiency of the British
may also be a common symptom of diabetes press, Will Hutton, editor‑in‑chief of
and hypertension. The Observer, was selected to chair an
independent commission.
www.modadil.com
C) It is not only old age but also diabetes and

hypertension which, as serious developments C) Will Hutton, former editor‑in‑chief of The
of the body, cause sexual impotence. Observer, has been designated as the
chairman of a free commission to report on
D) The causes of sexual impotence, a natural the state of the British press.
condition of old age, are generally regarded
as related to diabetes or hypertension. D) Will Hutton, editor‑in‑chief of The Observer,
was appointed chair of an independent
E) Sexual impotence can be as much a natural commission set up to monitor the state of the
sign of growing old as the symptom of a British press.
serious development in the body such as
diabetes or hypertension. E) Will Hutton, who is currently the editor‑in‑chief
of The Observer, has been chosen as
the chair of an autonomous commission
established to study the progress of the
British press.
Test
21. Amerika’da işçi sendikaları, sanayi sonrası 23. Eğer hafif uçaklar veya helikopterler mevcut 3
ekonominin yükselişi ve ağır sanayinin olsaydı, felaket alanı üzerinde bunlarla
öneminin azalması sonucu, diğer sanayileşmiş yapılacak alçak uçuşlar, hasarın coğrafi
ülkelerde olduğundan daha az güce sahiptir. boyutları hakkında hızlı bilgi sağlayabilirdi.
A) As the importance of heavy industry in A) If light aircraft or helicopters were available,
this post‑industrial economy has declined low altitude flights over the disaster area
considerably, the American workers’ would yield rapid information on the
unions have less power than those in other geographic extent of the damage.
industrialized countries.
B) Had light aircraft or helicopters been ready,
B) The power of workers’ unions in America flights at low altitudes over the disaster area
has fallen below that of the unions in could have provided useful information as to
other industrialized countries because the geographic extent of the disaster.
of the transition from heavy industry to a
post‑industrial economy. C) The geographic extent of the damage in the
disaster area could have been established
C) With the rise of the post‑industrial economy by low altitude flights if light aircraft and
and the decline in the importance of heavy helicopters had been available.
industry, workers’ unions in America wield less
power than in other industrialized countries. D) As long as light aircraft and helicopters for
low altitude flights are available, valuable
D) As the post‑industrial economy has replaced information concerning the geographic
the heavy industrial one, the importance of extent of the damage in the disaster can be
workers’ unions in America has decreased in obtained.
comparison with other industrialized countries.
E) In America, the workers’ unions are no longer
E) The geographic extent of the damage in the
disaster area could have been rapidly learned,
219
as powerful as those in other industrialized if only light aircraft and helicopters could have
countries, since the rise of the post‑industrial been made available for low altitude flights.
economy has eclipsed the importance of
heavy industry.
MODADİL
22. Eski Doğu Almanya’da ücret eşitliğine ilişkin 24. Yönetim kurulu yakın gelecekte hiçbir ücret
grevler, bazen endüstriyel çatışmanın nasıl artışı yapılmayacağını açıkça belirtti.
kaçınılmaz olduğuna örnektir. A) The board stated that the question of any
A) In the former East Germany, strikes over wage increase could be brought up again in
wage equality can be regarded as an example the near future.
of the inevitability of industrial conflict. B) It was openly stated by the board that no
B) Strikes were held in former East Germany to increase at all in the wages could be seen in
demand equal wages, and this showed how the near future.
industrial conflicts couldn’t be avoided. C) The board declared that there could be no
C) The strikes held for the equality of wages question of any wage increase in the near
www.modadil.com
in what once used to East Germany, future.

demonstrates that industrial conflicts are D) The board made it clear that there would be
almost unavoidable. no wage increase whatsoever in the near
D) The fact that industrial conflict cannot always future.
be avoided is best demonstrated by the E) The board announced that no wage increase
example of the strikes held for wage equality was to be expected in the near future.
in the former East Germany.
E) The strikes in the former East Germany
over wage equality are an example of how
industrial conflict is sometimes unavoidable.
Test
3 25. Sağlık hizmetlerini ne şekilde düzenlemiş 27. Tropikal kereste ticareti, yağmur ormanlarının
olurlarsa olsunlar Avrupa ülkelerinin hepsi, tahribinde oynadığı rol nedeniyle, uluslararası
son otuz yıl içinde masraflarının yıllık ortalama kaygının önemli bir odağı olmuştur.
yüzde 4,1 oranında arttığını görmüştür.
A) Rain forest destruction deserves to be a focus
A) In whatever way the European countries have of international concern as the tropical timber
organized their health services, they have trade continues to grow.
all seen their costs rise over the past three
decades at an annual average rate of 4,1 B) The tropical timber trade has caused a great
percent. deal of international concern as it is held to be
a major cause of rain forest destruction.
B) Despite the fact that all the European
countries have organized their health services C) The tropical timber trade has been a major
efficiently, they have been unable to prevent focus of international concern because of the
a yearly rise in costs of 4,1 percent over the role it plays in rain forest destruction.
past three decades. D) The role played by the tropical timber trade
C) The cost of health services has increased at in the destruction of rain forests has been a
an annual rate of 4,1 percent over the last matter of international concern.
thirty years even though great efforts have E) International concern has at last focused on
been made by the European countries to rain forest destruction which is caused by the
organize them more efficiently. tropical timber trade.
D) An annual increase of 4,1 percent in the cost
of health services in European countries
during the last three decades has led to even
220 greater efforts to improve organization.
E) Many European countries gave failed to
curb the yearly 4,1 percent increase in the
cost of health services in spite of the efforts
made over the last thirty years to make the
organization more efficient.
MODADİL
28. Adam Smith, bir ülkenin yüksek kaliteli ürünler

26. Soğuk Savaş dönemi ile ilgili pek çok yayın
üretmede gerekli becerileri kazanması için en
yapmış olduğu için, kendisinden 1960’larda az 50 yıllık deneyime ihtiyacı olduğunu iddia
Batıdaki Sovyet casusluk faaliyetleri üzerine etmiştir.
bir konuşma yapmasını rica ettik.
A) The essential skills required for the production
A) Though most of his publications have been on
of high‑quality goods can, as Adam Smith
the Cold War era, we asked him to lecture on illustrated, only be acquired over a period of
the work of the Soviet spies in the West in the 50 years in any country.
1960s.
B) According to Adam Smith, a period of at least
B) His publications on the Cold War era are so
50 years of experience is essential for the
illuminating that we have approached him to acquisition of the skills needed for high‑quality
give a talk on the activities of the Soviet spies production in a country.
www.modadil.com
in the West in 1960.

C) As Adam Smith pointed out, at least 50 years
C) As he has published a great deal on the
of experience is necessary if a country is to
Cold War era, we encouraged him to present produce high‑quality goods.
a paper on the Soviet espionage activities
throughout the 1960s in the West. D) Adam Smith claimed that at least 50 years
of experience were needed for a country
D) Since he has published extensively on the
to acquire the necessary skills to turn out
Cold War era, we asked him to give a lecture high‑quality products.
on the Soviet espionage activities in the
1960s in the West. E) Adam Smith asserted that the production of
high‑quality goods in a country depended on
E) We asked him to give the lecture on the
the acquisition of skills gained over a period of
activities of the Soviet spies in the West in the 50 years.
1960s, for most of his publications are related
to the Cold War era.
Test
29. Pek çok ulusun demokrasiye ve pazar 31. Aydan bakıldığında, dünya, uzayın karanlık 3
ekonomisine yöneldiği son birkaç yıl, dünya boşluğunda bir yaşam vahası olarak
tarihinde önemli bir dönüm noktası olarak görünmektedir.
düşünülebilir.
A) The world, when seen from the moon, seems
A) The past few years, in which many nations like a bright oasis of life in the vast darkness
have moved towards democracy and a market of space.
economy, may be considered an important
turning point in world history. B) Observed from the moon, the world looks like
an oasis of life in the dark vastness of space.
B) While many nations have been moving
towards democracy and a market economy, C) Viewed from the moon, the earth appears
an important change has taken place in world as an oasis of life in the dark emptiness of
history due to the developments of the past space.
few years. D) In the infinite darkness of space, the earth, as
C) The movement among several nations seen from the moon, is really an oasis of life.
towards democracy and a market economy E) It is an oasis of life in the dark vastness of
during the past few years has brought forth a space that the world is seen from the moon.
major change in the history of the world.
D) An important turning point in the history of the
world has occurred as a result of the progress
made among several nations towards
democracy and a market economy.
E) This significant change in world history
following the progress of many nations
221
towards democracy and a market economy
has occurred only in the past few years.
MODADİL
32. Bugün Batı, Üçüncü Dünya ülkelerine borç

30. Kitap fiyatları beş yılda sadece yüzde 40
para verme tekniğini, onları kontrol altında
artarken, dergi fiyatları yirmi yılda yüzde 400 tutma aracı olarak mükemmelleştirmiş
artmıştır. bulunmaktadır.
A) The price of journals, unlike the price of books
A) The method of lending money to the Third
that has increased 40 percent in five years, World countries has today been improved by
has increased well over 400 percent in twenty the West so that it can control them.
years
B) Today, the West has perfected the technique
B) Journal prices have risen 400 percent in
of lending money to the Third World countries
twenty years, while the price of books has as a means of controlling them.
increased only 40 percent in five.
C) In order to control the Third World countries
C) Over the last five years the price of books has
today, the West has developed certain
gone up only 40 percent, while that of journals
www.modadil.com
money‑lending techniques.
has soared to over 400 percent in twenty
years. D) Today, the money‑lending techniques
perfected by the West have become a means
D) In contrast to the rise in book prices which
for controlling the Third World countries.
has been only 40 percent in five years, that of
journal prices has exceeded 400 percent in E) Today, the Third World countries are
twenty years. perfectly controlled by the West by means of
money‑lending techniques.
E) Though book prices have only risen by
40 percent in the last five years, those of
journals, during the last twenty years, have
gone up more than 400 percent.
Test
3 33. Savaş sonrası dönemde, Dünya Bankası’nın 35. Son birkaç yıl içinde gökbilimciler, kendi
etkisiyle, yoksul tropikal ülkelerde çok sistemimizin ötesinde bir düzineden fazla
geniş alanlar, şekerkamışı tarlalarına yıldız sisteminde Jüpiter büyüklüğünde dev
dönüştürülmüştür. gezegenler ortaya çıkarmışlardır.
A) In the post‑war period, under World Bank A) The recent discovery of a dozen or so
influence, vast areas in the poorer tropical massive Jupiter‑sized planets in star
countries were converted to sugarcane systems beyond our own, has amazed even
plantations. astronomers.
B) After the war, it was the World Bank that B) Astronomers have, in recent years, brought to
suggested that the poorer tropical countries light dozens of huge planets, such as Jupiter,
should convert large areas into sugarcane in star systems outside our own.
farms as there was a profitable market for the

product. C) Lately, a dozen or more astronomers have
been suggesting that there are gigantic,
C) After the post‑war period, the poorer Jupiter sized planets in star systems beyond
tropical countries with large farming areas, our own.
encouraged by the World Bank, shifted to
sugarcane production. D) In the past few years, astronomers have
detected giant, Jupiter‑sized planets in more
D) Because there seemed to be a market, the than a dozen star systems beyond our own.
poorer tropical countries, with the support
of the World Bank, turned vast areas into E) For several years astronomers have been
sugarcane plantations as soon as the war of the opinion that there may be huge,
was over. Jupiter‑sized planets in at least a dozen star
222 E) In the years following the war, the World
systems other than our own.
Bank urged the poorer tropical countries with

large farming areas, to turn to sugarcane
cultivation.
MODADİL
36. 1980’lerden bu yana, dünyadaki nükleer sanayi

34. Bizimki, seksen kadar çalışanı ile sebze hızlı bir şekilde düşmektedir ve Avrupa Birliği
ve tarla bitkilerinin genetik iyileştirilmesi içinde, on beş ülkeden yedisi nükleer enerjiden
üzerine ileri düzeyde araştırma yapan bir bitki aşama aşama vazgeçmiştir.
biyoteknolojisi şirketidir.
A) Since the 1980s, the nuclear industry in the
A) Approximately eight of the employees of our world has been declining rapidly, and within
plant biotechnology company are researching the European Union, seven out of fifteen
at an advanced level, genetic improvement of countries have phased out nuclear power.
vegetable and field corps.
B) Starting with the 1980s, there has been
B) Our company specializes in plant a steep decline in the nuclear industry
biotechnology and has roughly eighty throughout the world, especially in the
employees, who carry out advanced research European Union, where only seven of the
into the genetic improvement of vegetable fifteen continue to use nuclear power.
and field crops.
www.modadil.com
C) The world’s nuclear industry has continued to

C) Ours is a plant biotechnology company with decline since the 1980s; in particular, this is
approximately eighty employees carrying true of the fifteen countries of the European
out advanced research into the genetic Union, seven of which have slowly ceased to
improvement of vegetable and field crops. use it altogether.
D) Ours is a plant biotechnology company, and D) Seven of the fifteen countries of the European
at least eighty of the employees are engaged Union have suddenly put an end to the use
in research into the genetic improvement of of nuclear power; the movement started in
vegetable and field crops. the 1980s and has continued world‑wide ever
E) Our company is concerned with plant since.
biotechnology, and some eighty of the E) After the 1980s, the nuclear industries of the
top‑grade employees are engaged in research world have fallen into disrepute, especially
into the genetic improvement of vegetable in the European Union where seven of the
and field crops. fifteen countries have, step by step, stopped
using it altogether.
Test
37. Bill Clinton, radyo konuşmasında bazı 39. Romancı Thomas Hardy, özyaşamöyküsünde 3
Amerikan okullarında verilen eğitimin babasından, “kalkınmakta olan kırsal
toplumun en iyi değerlerini beslemediğini topluluklarda gereksinim duyulan sanat ve
söyledi. becerilerin çoğuna sahip ender insanlardan
biri” olarak söz eder.
A) Bill Clinton, in his radio talk, focused on the
various ideals of society and regretted that A) The novelist Thomas Hardy, in his
some American schools failed to nourish autobiography, describes his father as “one of
them. those rare people who had developed almost
all the arts and skills needed to make a rural
B) During his radio talk, Bill Clinton explained community survive.”
how the education given in some American
schools failed to uphold the best values of B) In his autobiography the novelist Thomas
society. Hardy describes his father as “one of
those rare people who possessed most of
C) In his radio talk Bill Clinton said that the the arts and skills needed in thriving rural
education provided in some American schools communities.”
did not nourish the best values of society.
C) In his autobiography, Thomas Hardy, the
D) Bill Clinton pointed out in his radio talk that novelist, tells how his own father “was
it was the duty of the American education unusual in that he cherished the arts and skill
system to ensure that some schools that enable rural communities to flourish.
encouraged the best values of society.
D) The novelist Thomas Hardy describes in his
E) In certain American schools, as Bill Clinton autobiography how his own father was one of
pointed out in his radio talk, the education those valuable people who encouraged the
provided was not in accord with the ideals of
society.
arts and skills that help rural communities to 223
thrive.”
E) The novelist Thomas Hardy describes in his
autobiography how his father was “one of
the few people to use his arts and abilities to
ensure that rural communities would flourish.”
MODADİL
38. İnsan, Japonya’yı boydan boya trenle gezebilir 40. Bazı iktisatçılara göre, komünist ekonomik
ve bir istasyonda durduğunda bir taşra sistemin çöküş nedenlerinden biri, çok yüksek
kentini ötekinden ayırt etmenin hemen hemen maliyetle çok az üretim yapılmış olmasıdır.
imkansız olduğunu hisseder.
A) In the opinion of some economists, high
A) As one travels the length and breadth of production costs and low output were
Japan by train, one realizes at each station the main reasons for the collapse of the
that one provincial town is very like another. communist economic system.
B) One can travel the length and breadth of B) According to some economists, the collapse
Japan by train and feel, when stopping of the communist economic system was
at a station, that it is almost impossible to
www.modadil.com
in part owing to the fact that too little was

distinguish between one provincial town and produced at too high a cost.
the next.
C) Some economists are of the opinion that too
C) While traveling by train through Japan, one little was being produced at too high a cost,
feels at each stop at a station that each and it was for this reason that the communist
provincial town is virtually similar to with the economic system collapsed.
next.
D) For some economists, the reason for the
D) Traveling from one end of Japan to the other collapse of the communist economic system
by train, one realizes, when stopping at a was that too few goods were produced at too
station that one provincial town imperceptibly high a price.
into the next.
E) According to some economists, one of the
E) When traveling hither and thither by train in reasons for the collapse of the communist
Japan, and stopping at various stations, one economic system is that too little was
notices how each provincial town is identical produced at too high a cost.
with the rest.
Test
3 41. İskandinavya’da pek çok gölde balıkların 43. İlk kez 1863’te yayınlanmış olan Villette,
yok olması, muhtemelen, asit yağmurundan Charlotte Bronte’nin duygusal konuları ele
kaynaklanan kirliliğin bir sonucudur. alan ikinci romanıdır.
A) The disappearance of fish from many lakes in A) Villette, which is the second novel by
Scandinavia has probably been the result of Charlotte Bronte to deal with these issues
pollution caused by acid rain. emotionally, was first published in 1853.
B) The disappearance of so many fish from B) Villette, first published in 1863, is Charlotte
the lakes of Scandinavia can be traced to Bronte’s second novel to deal with emotional
pollution by acid rain. issues.
C) Acid rain has apparently polluted the C) Villette, Charlotte Bronte’s second novel to
many lakes of Scandinavia resulting in the appear in 1853, treats emotional issues.
disappearance of fish.
D) With the publication of her second novel
D) Most of the lakes of Scandinavia would have Villette in 1853, Charlotte Bronte aroused
been polluted as a result of this acid rain and much interest.
consequently the fish lost.
E) In her second novel, Villette, first published
E) The disappearance of so many fish from the in 1853, Charlotte Bronte treats these issues
lakes of Scandinavia is due to pollution from emotionally.
acid rain.
224
MODADİL
42. Pasifik Okyanusu’nun Atlantik Okyanusu’ndan

ayrı olduğunu ilk fark eden Avrupalı, İspanyol 44. Kızılderililer arasında din, bireyle tanrı
kaşifi Vasco de Balboa idi. arasındaki bir ilişki olarak değil, daha çok
belirli bir tanrıyla bir toplum arasındaki
A) Even so, it was the Spanish explorer Vasco sözleşme olarak görülür.
de Balboa, who was the first European to
notice that the Pacific and the Atlantic were A) Religion, among American‑Indian people,
separate oceans. is not regarded as personal relationship
between the deity and each individual, but
B) The Spanish explorer Vasco de Balboa was rather as a covenant between a particular
the first European to realize that the Pacific deity and a community.
Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean were separate.
B) Religion, for the American‑Indian people,
C) The first European to recognize the Pacific means an agreement between some special
Ocean as distinct from the Atlantic Ocean was deity and the community, there is no concept
the Spanish explorer Vasco de Balboa. of personal relationship between the deity and
an individual.
D) Vasco de Balboa of Spain was the first
www.modadil.com
European to discover that the Pacific and the C) For the American‑Indian people, there is no
Atlantic oceans were separate. concept of a personal relationship between
a deity and an individual but only between a
E) Till the Spanish explorer Vasco de Balboa specific deity and a community.
made the discovery, Europeans did not realize
that the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean D) The American‑Indian people think that each
were distinct. community has a special deity, but that there
can never be personal relationship between a
deity and an individual.
E) The concept of a personal relationship
between an individual and a deity has no
place in the religion of the American‑Indian
people, who regard their deity as common to
the community.
Test
45. Bu istatistiklere göre, doğal afetlerin sonucu 47. Avrupa Birliğinin yayımladığı yeni rapora göre, 3
olan küresel ekonomik kayıplar, 1960’lardan üye ülkelerin çoğunda ekonomi oldukça yavaş
beri her on yılda bir ikiye katlanmaktadır. büyüyecek; ancak daha rekabetçi ve saydam
olacak.
A) There is evidence to suggest that, since the
1960s global economic losses from natural A) The new report issued by the European Union
disasters have increased two‑fold. to member countries warns that economic
growth will be slow, but it will be competitive
B) The statistics of the 1960s indicate that and transparent.
economic losses had doubled during the
decade as a result of natural disasters around B) In a new report issued by the European
the world. Union, it is suggested that some member
countries should expect the economy to grow
C) It has been statistically proved that every rather slowly but more competitively and
ten years since 1960 natural disasters have transparently.
resulted in worldwide economic losses.
C) The majority of the member countries of the
D) According to these statistics, global economic European Union must, according to the report,
losses as a result of natural disasters have expect the economy to grow in a manner that
doubled every decade since the 1960s. is both competitive and transparent.
E) The statistical evidence suggests that global D) According to the new repot released by
economic losses arising from natural disasters the European Union, in the majority of
have, since the 1960s, increased two‑fold. the member countries, the economy will
grow rather slowly but will become more
competitive and transparent.
E) According to the report issued by the
225
European Union to member countries,
economic growth is expected to be more
competitive and transparent, but quite slow.
MODADİL
46. Liberaller, Sosyalistler ve Yeşiller’in daha önce

denenmemiş bir koalisyonu olan yeni Belçika 48. Artezyen kuyularının eski Mısır ve Çin’de
hükümetinin önceliği, kamu harcamalarını bilindiği ve Büyük Sahra’da en eski
denetim altına almaktır. çağlardan beri var olduğu, tarihi belgelerden
anlaşılmaktadır.
A) The priority for the new Belgian government,
which is a previously untried coalition of A) From historical documents we can easily
Liberals, Socialists and Greens, is to bring grasp that there were artesian wells in ancient
public expenditure under control. Egypt and China and in the Sahara, too from
earliest times.
B) The newly formed Belgian government, a
coalition bringing together for the first time B) It is apparent from historical documents that
Liberals, Socialists and Greens, seems artesian wells were known in ancient Egypt
determined to bring public expenditure under and China and that they have existed in the
control. Sahara since earliest times.
www.modadil.com
C) For the first time Belgium has a coalition C) There are historical documents to prove that
government consisting of Liberals, Socialists there were artesian wells in ancient Egypt
and Greens and it is giving priority to curbing and China, and that they have existed in the
public expenditure. Sahara since earliest times.
D) The former Belgian coalition government, D) Historical documents support the theory that
comprising for the first time Liberals, artesian wells were known in ancient Egypt
Socialists and Greens had, for its first aim, the and China and that, since earliest times, they
curbing of public expenditure. have been developed in the Sahara.
E) The dramatic reduction in public expenditure E) The existence of artesian wells in ancient
is the first success of Belgium’s new coalition Egypt and China and since earliest times in
government made up of, for the first time, the Sahara is well documented in historical
Liberals, Socialists and Greens. records.
Test
3 49. İspanya Kralı II. Philip tarafından 1588’de 50. Bir binanın aldığı biçim, hangi işlev için
İngiltere’ye karşı sevk edilen İspanyol kullanılacağına, mimarın estetik anlayışına ve
Armadası, 129 gemiden oluşuyor ve 2,000’den benimsenen yapı yöntemine bağlıdır.
fazla top ile 19,000 asker taşıyordu.
A) The form a building finally takes is determined
A) The Spanish Armada which King Philip by the purpose it is to serve, the architect’s
II of Spain sent against England in 1588 aesthetic taste and structural techniques.
was guarded by 129 ships, carrying more
than 2,000 cannons and more than 19,000 B) The last form of a building depends upon the
soldiers. function it is to serve, the architect’s aesthetic
sense and structural requirements.
B) It was the Spanish King Philip II who sent
129 ships carrying 19,000 soldiers and 2,000 C) The function it is to serve, the architect’s
cannons against England in 1588 as a part of own feeling for form and any structural
the Armada. requirements all affect the form of a building
takes.
C) The Spanish Armada of 1588 was sent
against England by Philip II of Spain to attack D) The appearance of a building is influenced by
129 ships, 19,000 soldiers and over 2,000 its usefulness, the architect’s special whims,
cannons. and the manner of construction.
D) The Spanish Armada sent against England in E) The form which a building takes depends
1588 by King Philip II of Spain comprised 129 upon the function for which it is to be used,
ships and carried 19,000 soldiers and more the architect’s aesthetic sense and the
than 2,000 cannons. structural method adopted.
226 E) The Spanish Armada which King Philip II of

Spain planned to send against England in
1588 was comprised of 129 ships carrying
19,000 soldiers and over 2,000 cannons.
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
2. İsrail devletinin ilk başbakanı olan David
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye Ben‑Gurion, sadece ünlü bir hatip ve verimli
anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. bir yazar değil, aynı zamanda ciddi bir İncil ve
felsefe araştırmacısıydı.
1. Okyanus sularının ısınarak genişlemesi ve
buzulların artan bir hızla erimesi nedeniyle, A) David Ben‑Gurion, besides being the first
2100 yılına kadar deniz seviyelerinin yaklaşık prime minister of the state of Israel, was a
yarım metre yükselmesi muhtemeldir. notable orator and a prolific writer as well as
a knowledgeable student of the Bible and
A) Sea levels are expected to rise by roughly half philosophy.
a metre by the year 2100 if thermal expansion
continues and the glaciers continue to melt at B) David Ben‑Gurion, the first prime minister
the same speed. of the state of Israel, was not only a notable
orator and prolific writer but also a serious
B) Owing to the thermal expansion of ocean student of the Bible and philosophy.
water and the constant melting of glaciers, it
seems likely that sea levels will have risen by C) Besides being Israel’s first prime minister,
at least half a metre by the year 2100. David Ben‑Gurion, was also an excellent
orator and a prolific writer as well as being
C) With the thermal expansion of ocean water and avid student of the Bible and philosophy.
and the rapid melting of glaciers it seems that
D) Israel’s first Prime Minister, David Ben‑Gurion,
sea levels are set to rise by up to half a metre
by the year 2100. was not only a much admired orator and 227
prolific author but was also interested in the
D) Because of the thermal expansion of ocean Bible and philosophy.
water and the accelerated melting of glaciers,
sea levels are likely to rise by approximately E) David Ben‑Gurion, who was the first prime
half a metre by the year 2100. minister of the state of Israel, was a brilliant
orator and prolific author, besides being an
E) A rise in sea levels of about half a metre authority on the Bible and philosophy.
MODADİL
will result by the year 2100 because of the

thermal expansion of ocean water and the
rapid melting of the glaciers.
3. Avrupa tarihindeki savaşların çoğu, güç

dengesinin yeniden kurulmasını sağladıkları
gerekçesiyle haklı gösterilmiştir.
A) Many of the wars in European history are
regarded as justifiable since the alleged
purpose was to maintain the balance of
power.
www.modadil.com
B) In the course of European history, the majority

of the wars were fought to maintain the
balance of power and so they were said to be
justified.
C) The need to maintain the balance of power
was the alleged reason for the majority of the
wars fought in Europe and this justified them.
D) Most of the wars fought in Europe have
sought to restore the balance of power and so
they have been regarded as justifiable.
E) Most of the wars in European history have
been justified on the grounds that they helped
to restore the balance of power.
Test
4 4. Yakın zamanda yayımlanan The Price Of 5. İklim değişikliği üzerine hazırlanan bir rapora
Admiralty adlı kitabında, tarihçi John Keegan, göre, önümüzdeki 25 yıl içinde, özellikle Afrika,
sadece kazananın niçin kazandığını ortaya Akdeniz çevresi ve Orta Asya’da milyonlarca
koymak için bazı olağanüstü deniz savaşlarını insan ciddi su kıtlığından etkilenecek.
irdelemektedir.
A) The report on climate change clearly shows
A) Recently, hoping to come to an understanding that millions of people, mostly in Africa but
of exactly why the winner did win, the also around the Mediterranean and in Central
historian John Keegan has examined a Asia, are going to be badly affected by water
number of significant naval battles and shortages within the next 25 years.
records his findings in The Price of Admiralty.
B) According to this report on climate change,
B) The historian John Keegan recently published millions of people, mostly in Africa and around
a book called The Price of Admiralty in the Mediterranean and in Central Asia are,
which several extraordinary naval battles are within the next 25 years, likely to be adversely
analysed to find out why the winner won. affected by water shortages.
C) In The Price of Admiralty, that has just come C) According to a report on climate change,
out, John Keegan examines several unusual within the next 25 years, millions of
naval battles with a view to explaining exactly people especially in Africa, around the
why the winner won. Mediterranean, and in Central Asia, will be
affected by serious water shortages.
D) In his recently published book entitled The
Price of Admiralty, the historian John Keegan D) Within the next 25 years millions of people
analyses some extraordinary naval battles to will be affected by water shortages, especially
discover just why the winner won. in Africa, around the Mediterranean and in
228 E) The Price of Admiralty, written by the historian
Central Asia, at least that is what the report on
climate change suggests.
John Keegan, analyses a variety of naval
battles, and suggests why, in each case, the E) According to the report on climate change,
winner did win. millions of people, especially those living
in Africa, around the Mediterranean and in
central Asia, will suffer from severe water
shortages for at least 25 years.
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
6. Sosyal psikoloji açısından bakıldığında, 7. Malthus, öz olarak, eğer nüfus geçim 4
kültürün insanlar arasında yayılması, insan imkanlarından daha hızlı artarsa, bunun daha
doğasındaki, çoğunluğu ve en başarılı kişileri düşük bir yaşam düzeyine yol açacağını iddia
taklit etme eğilimiyle ilişkilendirilebilir. ediyordu.
A) Considered from the point of view of social A) In essence, what Malthus claimed was that
psychology, the spread of culture among when a population increased faster than
humans can be related to the tendency in the means of subsistence, living standards
human nature to imitate the majority and the dropped.
most successful individuals.
B) Malthus claimed in essence that, if a
B) From the point of view of social psychology, population increased faster than the means
the spread of a culture seems to relate to of subsistence, this would lead to lower living
man’s desire to imitate either the majority or standards.
the most successful people.
C) The essence of what Malthus proposed was
C) The spread of a culture, if we consider it from that if a population increased faster than the
the point of view of social psychology, seems means of subsistence, a lowering of living
to be related to man’s need to conform with standards could be inevitable.
the majority and successful individuals.
D) The claim of Malthus was that a lowering
D) As regards social psychology, the desire of living standards was inevitable as the
to stay with the majority and admire the population had grown faster than the means
successful has been a paramount force in the of subsistence.
spread of culture.
E) According to Malthus, living standards would
E) The spread of culture is the outcome of social
psychology whereby man has a tendency to
naturally fall as the population was growing
faster than the means of subsistence.
229
imitate the majority and the most successful
individuals.
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
4 8. On altıncı yüzyılda Doğuya yeni yollar 10. Bu kısa öyküde yazar, dünyada her ülkeye
keşfedilince, Akdeniz ticaretine hakim olan seyahat etmek ve her kitabı okumak isteyen,
Cenova ve Venedik gibi İtalyan şehirlerinin ancak bu imkansız ihtirası gerçekleştiremeyen
gücü ve zenginliği azalmaya başladı. bir kişinin duygularını anlatmaktadır.
A) When new routes to the East were discovered A) In this short story, the writer describes the
in the sixteenth century, Italian cities like feelings of a man who wanted to travel
Genoa and Venice could no longer dominate through every country in the world and read
Mediterranean trade, so they lost their wealth every book, but who could not achieve this
and power. impossible ambition.
B) With the discovery of new routes to the East B) This short story is about a man who dreamed
in the sixteenth century, the wealth and power of travelling through every country in the
of such Italian cities as Genoa and Venice, world and reading every book, but this was
which depended on Mediterranean trade, impossible and couldn’t be achieved.
began to decline.
C) The man in this short story wanted to travel
C) The wealth and power of certain Italian cities through every country in the world and read
such as Genoa and Venice, which depended all the books, but this was an impossible
on Mediterranean trade, went into a decline dream, never to be realized.
after new routes to the East were opened in
the sixteenth century. D) The feelings of a man that wanted to travel
through every country in the world and
D) Following the discovery in the sixteenth read all the books, but failed to achieve his
century of new routes to the East, the ambition, are the subject of this story.
Italian towns of Genoa and Venice lost their
230 power and their wealth with the decline in E) The feelings of a man who had resolved to
travel through every country in the world and
Mediterranean trade.
read all the books but who failed to reach his
E) When new routes to the East were discovered goal are described in this short story.
in the sixteenth century, the power and wealth
of Italian cities like Genoa and Venice, which
dominated Mediterranean trade, began to
decline.
MODADİL
11. Yağ ve kolesterol içeren et, süt, peynir ve

9. Sonunda ormanın kenarına ulaştığımızda, yumurta gibi çoğu gıdalar, aynı zamanda
uzun süre orada durduk ve önümüzde uzayıp yüksek nitelikli proteinleri ve değerli
giden manzarayı seyrettik. vitaminleri sağlar.
A) With the forest finally behind us, we stood for A) Many foods such as meat, milk, cheese and
a long time looking at the countryside ahead eggs, which contain fat and cholesterol, also
of us. provide high‑quality proteins and valuable
B) On finally getting through to the edge of the vitamins.
forest we paused for a while, to look at the B) Meat, milk, cheese, eggs and many other
landscape that stretched out before us. foods, which contain fat and cholesterol, also
contain high – quality protein as well as all the
www.modadil.com
C) When we had got through the forest, we

paused to look at the landscape that lay necessary vitamins.
ahead of us. C) Most high‑quality proteins and useful vitamins
D) When we finally got to the edge of the forest, are mostly found in such foods as meat, milk,
we stood there for a long while and looked at cheese and eggs that also contain fat and
the landscape that stretched out before us. cholesterol.
E) When we finally came out of the forest we D) Most of the high‑quality protein and vitamin –
stood there, gazing for a long time at the rich foods like meat, milk; cheese and eggs
countryside in front of us. also contain fat and cholesterol.
E) Fat and cholesterol are present in many
foods including meat, milk, cheese and eggs,
but so also are some essential vitamins and
high‑grade proteins.
Test
12. Bir canlının büyüme sürecinde en dikkate 14. Bilim, pek çok bakımdan insan aklının diğer 4
değer yönlerden biri, organizmanın her bir yaratıcı etkinliklerine benzeyen yaratıcı bir
parçasının, büyürken, bir yandan da işlevini etkinliktir.
sürdürmesidir.
A) Creative activities like science all have
A) The fact that every part of an organism can something in common with the other creative
function during the normal growth process of activities of the human mind.
any living being is truly amazing.
B) Science is a creative activity that in many
B) Amazingly enough, each part of an organism respects resembles other creative activities of
continues to function even during the growth the human mind.
process itself.
C) The other creative activities of the human
C) The very fact that each part of an organism mind are in many respects actually not very
continues to function as it grows is surely the different from the scientific one.
most fascinating aspect of the growth process
of a living being. D) As a creative activity; science is not very
different from various other creative activities
D) One of the most remarkable aspects in the of the human mind.
growth process of a living being is that each
part of the organism continues to function as E) In certain respects, science is a creative
it grows. activity that closely resembles the other
creative activities of the human mind.
E) One of the really fantastic aspects in the
growth process of living beings is the ability of
parts of the organism to continue functioning
in the normal way. 231
13. On ikinci yüzyılın başlarında bulunan ve

MODADİL
mimaride önemli bir teknik yenilik olarak kabul 15. 1953’te Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Sekreteri
edilen “sivri kemer”, Ortaçağ’da öncelikle seçilmiş olan İsveçli devlet adamı Dag
katedrallerin yapımında kullanılmıştır. Hammarskjöld, 1961’de Afrika’da barış için
arabuluculuk yaptığı sırada bir uçak kazasında
A) The invention of the “pointed arch” early in the öldü.
twelfth century marks an important advance in
architectural technology though in the Middle A) Dag Hummarskjöld, the Swedish statesman
Ages it was used primarily in the construction who had been Secretary – General of the
of cathedrals. United Nations since 1953, died in a plane
crash in Africa in 1961 while negotiating for
B) The “pointed arch” that since the Middle Ages peace there.
has mainly been used in the construction of
cathedrals was invented early in the twelfth B) Dag Hammarskjöld, who died in 1961 in an
century and is regarded as an important air crash while mediating for peace in Africa,
technical invention in architecture. had been elected Secretary – General of the
United Nations in 1953.
C) The “pointed arch”, which was invented at
the beginning of the twelfth century and C) The Swedish statesman Dag Hammarskjöld,
who had, in 1953, been elected Secretary –
www.modadil.com
has been recognised in architecture as an

important technical innovation, was used in General of the United Nations, was killed in
the Middle Ages primarily in the construction an air crash in 1961 while mediating for peace
of cathedrals. in Africa.
D) With the invention of the “pointed arch” D) In 1961, during peace negotiations in Africa,
early in the twelfth century, the mode of the Swedish statesman Dag Hammarskjöld,
construction of cathedrals was changed in who had been the United Nations’s
order to incorporate this important technical Secretary‑General since 1953, died in an air
advance in architecture in the Middle Ages. disaster.
E) The “pointed arch” has been primarily used E) In 1961, as peace negotiations were
in the construction of cathedrals since the continuing in Africa, Dag Hammarskjöld,
Middle Ages when, in the twelfth century, the Swedish statesman who had acted as
this important technical innovation was first Secretary‑General to the United Nations in
introduced. 1953, was killed in an air crash.
Test
4 16. Bir kütüphaneye girip raflardaki kitaplara 18. 1980’lerde, tüm azgelişmiş ülkelerin toplam
göz attığımızda bunların sayısı ve çeşitliliği ihracatındaki mamül eşya oranı, birdenbire
karşısında şaşırmadan edemeyiz. yüzde 15’lerden yüzde 50’lere yükselmiştir.
A) There are so many books on the shelves in A) By the 1980s, the less‑developed countries
the library that, when one enters, one can were all exporting, not around 15 per cent,
hardly believe that such variety is possible. as formerly, but around 50 per cent of their
manufactured goods.
B) On entering the library and seeing all the
books on the shelves, we couldn’t help feeling B) Through the 1980s, all the less – developed
astounded at the number and variety of them. countries suddenly increased their export of
manufactured goods from roughly 15 per cent
C) The books on the shelves in the library of their total exports to nearly 50 per cent.
were so numerous and so varied that it was

impossible for us not to feel bewildered by C) During the 1980s, the proportion of
them all. manufactured goods in total exports of all the
less – developed countries rose sharply from
D) On entering a library and seeing the shelves about 15 per cent to about 50 per cent.
there, it’s hard for one not to feel shocked at
their number and variety. D) The ratio of manufactured goods as opposed
to others in the exports of the less‑developed
E) On entering a library and glancing at the countries rose rapidly throughout the 1980s
books on the shelves, we cannot help being from a mere 15 per cent to about 50 per cent.
bewildered by their number and variety.
E) By the 1980s, the proportion of manufactured
goods in total exports of certain less‑
232 developed countries rose suddenly by 15 per
cent to nearly 50 per cent.
MODADİL
19. Uluslararası Kahve Antlaşması, üretici ve

17. Bir roman, bir kısa öykü, bir oyun veya bir şiir tüketici ülkelerin çıkarlarının farklı olması
okurken, sadece başkalarının deneyimlerini nedeniyle 1989’da çökmüştür.
tanımakla kalmıyoruz, aynı zamanda kendi
deneyimlerimizi daha iyi anlıyoruz. A) The international Coffee Agreement collapsed
in 1989 because of the differing interests of
A) As we read a novel, a short story, a play producer and consumer countries.
or a poem we not only get to know the
experiences of others but also understand our B) By 1989 the international Coffee Agreement
own experiences better. had collapsed owing to the fact that neither
the producer nor the consumer countries were
B) On reading a novel, a short story, a play or a satisfied with it.
poem we have a chance to understand the
experiences of others better than our own. C) The collapse of the international Coffee
Agreement in 1989 was in the interest of
C) A novel, a short story, a play or a poem are neither the consumer nor the producer
means by which we can come to a better countries.
www.modadil.com
understanding of others experiences in

addition to our own. D) The self‑interest of consumer and producer
countries alike resulted in the break – down of
D) We gain a better understanding of our own the International Coffee Agreement, in 1989.
experiences as participating in those of others
while reading a novel, a short story, a play or E) With the break‑down of the international
a poem. Coffee Agreement in 1989, the differing
interests of consumer and producer countries
E) Through participating in the experiences of surfaced.
others as we read a novel, a short story, a
play or a poem, we gain a better insight into
our own experiences.
Test
20. Savaş sonrası dönemde Dünya Bankası, 22. Reklamcılar, müziği, sözcüklerle etkili bir 4
enerji, sulama ve ulaşım yatırımları yaparak şekilde ifade edilemeyecek anlamları iletmek
kalkınmakta olan ülkelerin altyapılarının için kullanır.
iyileşmesine büyük katkı sağlamıştır.
A) Advertisers use music to great effect
A) The World Bank’s investments in power, to express what words cannot say in a
irrigation and roads in the post‑war years convincing manner.
resulted in an impressive improvement in the
infrastructure of developing countries. B) Advertisers make use of music to
communicate meanings that words cannot
B) After the war, the World Bank made an effectively and concisely express.
impressive contribution to improvements in
the infrastructure of developing countries by C) Since music can express concisely what
encouraging investments in power, irrigation words cannot express, advertisers make
and transport. much use of it.
C) In the post‑war period the World Bank D) Advertisers use music to communicate
greatly contributed; through investments meanings that cannot be effectively put into
made in power, irrigation and transport, to words.
the improvement of the infrastructure in E) As music can suggest certain meanings more
developing countries. effectively than words, much use is made of it
D) The improvement of the infrastructure of by advertisers.
developing countries immediately after the
war was in large measure owing to the World
Bank investments in energy, irrigation and
road systems. 233
E) The infrastructure of developing countries
only began to improve after the World Bank
began to invest heavily in energy, irrigation
and transport in the post‑war period.
MODADİL
23. Bu rapor, tıbbi bakım eksikliği sonucunda,

gelişmekte olan ülkelerde birçok çocuğun
bir yaşına bile gelmeden öldüğü gerçeğini
vurguluyor.
A) It is stressed in this report that the death of
so many children before the age of one in the
developing countries could be prevented by
21. Ülkemizde parlamento tarafından onaylanmış better health services.
olan herhangi bir uluslararası antlaşma, yasa
statüsü kazanır. B) According to this report it is definite that many
children in the developing countries die before
A) An international treaty is legally binding they reach the age of one year as health
in a country only after it has received facilities are so inadequate.
parliamentary recognition.
C) This report emphasizes the fact that as a
B) In this country, if an international treaty is result of inadequate medical care, many
recognized by Parliament, it is legally binding. children in developing countries die before
they reach even one year old.
www.modadil.com
C) An international treaty is only legal in our

country after it has been discussed by D) According to this very emphatic report,
Parliament. children under one year old in the developing
D) No international treaty has a legal status in countries die because of the lack of medical
any country until Parliament has approved it. care.
E) In our country, any international treaty that is E) As this report underlines, it is the lack of
approved by Parliament, acquires the status medical care that is responsible for so many
of a law. deaths among children who haven’t even
reached their first birthday in the developing
countries.
Test
4 24. New Deal sözüyle 1929’un sonunda patlak 26. Verilerin irdelenmesi, olayları, seçilmiş olan bir
veren büyük ekonomik bunalımı aşmak için hedefe doğru yönlendirmede ilk adımdır.
1933’te Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Başkan
Roosevelt’in aldığı önlemler ifade edilmektedir. A) The first step in directing events towards a
specified goal is to rearrange the data.
A) In order to deal with the great economic crisis
that had broken out in the United States B) Analysis of data is the first step in directing
of America at the end of 1929, President events towards a chosen goal.
Roosevelt implemented the measures known C) So as to direct events towards a chosen goal,
as the New Deal in 1933. one must first analyze the data.
B) In 1929 and again in 1933, President D) The analysis of data is only the first stage in
Roosevelt introduced the New Deal, a series the directing of events towards a set goal.
of measures designed to put an end to the

great economic crisis which had broken out in E) Data analysis constitutes the first stage in
the United States of America. directing events towards a new goal.
C) The measures known as the New Deal were

designed by President Roosevelt in 1933 to
put an end to the great economic crisis that
broke out in the United States of America at
the end of 1929.
D) By the term New Deal is meant the measures
taken by President Roosevelt in the United
States of America in 1933 to overcome the
234 great economic crisis which broke out at the
end of 1929.
E) The measures known by the term New Deal,
implemented by President Roosevelt in the
United States of America in 1933, succeeded
in overcoming the great economic crisis that
broke out in 1929.
MODADİL
25. Pek çok iktisatçı, sanayileşme sürecinde 27. Başlangıçta, “proletarya” terimi, eski Roma’nın
olan ülkelerde kapitalizm geliştikçe, küçük yoksul işçi sınıflarına atıfta bulunmak için
işletmelerin zamanla yok olacağını iddia kullanılıyordu.
etmektedir.
A) The poor working classes of ancient Rome
A) Many economists claim that, as capitalism were known as the “proletariat” and that is the
develops in the countries that are in the origin of the term.
process of industrialization, small businesses
will eventually disappear. B) To start with, “proletariat” was the term used
to describe the poor workers of ancient Rome.
B) In the opinion of many of these economists,
small businesses will eventually disappear C) The term “proletariat” was originally used to
www.modadil.com
in those countries presently undergoing refer to the poor labouring classes of ancient
industrialization and turning to a capitalist Rome.
system. D) The term “proletariat” dates back to ancient
C) Many economists presume that, with the Roman times when it was used to denote the
development of capitalism in the countries poor working classes.
now undergoing industrialization, small E) The poor labouring classes of ancient Rome
businesses are already disappearing. were referred to as the “proletariat” and that is
D) The process of industrialization in these the origin of the word.
countries, together with developing capitalism,
will inevitably, according to most economists,
lead to the closing down of small businesses.
E) With the spread of industrialization and
the growth of capitalism in these countries,
many economists feel sure that the small
businesses will eventually close down.
Test
28. Bir çocuk, doğduğu zaman annesiyle babası 30. Evrenin genişlemesi, tüm galaksilerin 4
evliyse “meşru”dur. birbirinden hızla uzaklaştığı anlamına
gelmektedir.
A) The parents married when the child was born,
making it “legitimate”. A) As the universe expands, all the galaxies are
inevitably fast receding from each other.
B) A child is said to be “legitimate” if its parents
are married before it is born. B) The expansion of the universe implies that all
the galaxies have rapidly been receding from
C) A “legitimate” child is one whose parents are each other.
married at the time of its birth.
C) The expansion of the universe entails the
D) The child is “legitimate” as, when it was born, rapid movement of the galaxies away from
the parents were married.
each other.
E) A child is “legitimate” if its parents are married D) As the galaxies move farther apart, there is a
when it is born. corresponding expansion of the universe.
E) The expansion of the universe and the drifting
apart of the galaxies are inextricably related.
235
MODADİL
29. II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan önce Winston Churchill 31. Eğer Rusya reform yapacak ve sonuçta
liderlik için birinci aday olarak görünmüyordu. müreffeh olacaksa, güvenli ve istikrarlı bir
bölgeye ve yeni yatırımlara ihtiyaç duyacaktır.
A) Winston Churchill’s remarkable leadership
qualities only emerged during World War II. A) Russia can only reform and consequently
prosper once a safe and stable neighbor
B) Before World War II, Winston Churchill exists and new investments are made.
didn’t strike one as having any remarkable
leadership qualities. B) Russia will get the reforms she needs and
eventually prosper if the neighborhood
C) Winston Churchill hardly appeared to be a becomes safe and stable and there are new
prime candidate for leadership before World investments.
War II.
C) A secure and stable environment and new
www.modadil.com
D) Until World War II, the extensive leadership investments are essential if Russia is to
qualities of Winston Churchill were not at all achieve these reforms and eventually prosper.
apparent.
D) There will have to be a safe and stable
E) Prior to World War II, Winston Churchill’s environment and more investments
excellent leadership qualities were not before Russia can introduce reforms and
acknowledged. consequently prosper.
E) If Russia is to reform and eventually prosper,
it will need a secure and stable neighborhood,
and new investments.
Test
4 32. Sierra Leone’deki iç savaş o kadar vahşiydi ki 34. Kuveyt’teki en parlak gelişme, Körfez’de,
ve bıraktığı hasarlar o kadar ağır olmuştur ki özellikle Dubai’de yaygın bir uygulama olan
normal düzene hızlı bir dönüş imkansızdır. serbest bölgenin yaratılmasıdır.
A) One cannot look for a speedy return to A) In imitation of the Gulf and of Dubai, in
normality in Sierra Leone, for the civil war particular, Kuwait now has a free zone, which
there was horrific and the resulting injuries is a most promising development.
were excessive.
B) The creation of a free zone in Kuwait is a very
B) Since the civil war in Sierra Leone was so hopeful sign; the practice is common in the
barbaric and the injuries that resulted were so Gulf, especially in Dubai.
grave; a speedy return to normality is not to
be expected. C) The brightest development in Kuwait is the
creation of a free zone, a practice that is

C) The civil war in Sierra Leone was so barbaric, common in the Gulf, especially in Dubai.
and the injuries it left so grave that a swift
return to normality is out of the question. D) The creation of a free zone in Kuwait on the
lines of those in the Gulf and especially in
D) The civil war in Sierra Leone was so horrific Dubai is regarded as a very hopeful sign.
and left its wake so many injured that a return
to normality cannot readily be achieved. E) The most striking development in Kuwait
is the creation of a free zone, as found
E) A quick return to normality in Sierra Leone commonly in the Gulf and especially in Dubai.
is out of the question, for the civil war was
a savage one and the atrocities committed
particularly injurious.
236
MODADİL
33. Devletler çökünce, sadece teröristlere ve 35. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Kanada arasında
uyuşturucu kaçakçılarına sığınak olmaz, aynı olduğu gibi, farklı ekonomileri bütünleştirmede
zamanda mülteci yığınlarının zengin ülkelere ortak bir dil, ortak para biriminden çok daha
yönelmesini teşvik ederler. yararlıdır.
A) When states collapse, they not only become A) It is the single language that aids the
havens for terrorists and drug smugglers but integration of different economies as in the
also prompt multitudes of refugees to head for case of the US and Canada, not the monetary
richer countries. system.
B) When states collapse, terrorists and drug B) A common language can be far more useful
smugglers can safely move in and multitudes than a common currency to integrate different
of refugees leave for richer countries. economies, as is the case between the US
and Canada.
www.modadil.com
C) When states collapse, this provides terrorists

and drug peddlers with a safe haven C) As regards the US and Canada, the
while masses of refugees escape to richer integration of the different economies is due
countries. to the single language than to the single
D) Terrorists and drug peddlers find a haven for monetary system.
themselves when states collapse, but others D) The integration of the different economies of
flee the country in search of a richer world. the US and Canada owes more to a single
E) Masses of refugees flee to richer countries language than to a single monetary system.
when states collapse, but terrorists and drug E) A common language rather than a common
dealers move in to safety. monetary system has made possible the
integration of the different economies of the
US and Canada.
Test
36. Amerikalılar, evlerini ısıtmak için doğalgazdan 38. Uzay mekiği Columbia’nın patlaması ve 4
güneş enerjisine kadar çeşitli enerji kaynakları astronotlarının ölümü konusunda herkesin
kullanmaktadırlar. cevaplanmasını istediği soru çok basit:
neden?
A) In order to heat their homes, Americans prefer
to use different forms of energy, including A) The question everyone wants answered as
natural gas and solar power. regards the explosion of the space shuttle
Columbia and the deaths of its astronauts is
B) Americans use a variety of energy sources, very simple: why?
from natural gas to solar power, to heat their
homes. B) Following the explosion of the space shuttle,
Columbia, and the deaths of its astronauts,
C) Natural gas and solar power are just two of the simple question everyone is asking is:
the energy sources that Americans use to why?
heat their homes.
C) After the explosion of the space shuttle
D) Americans favour natural gas and solar Columbia and the deaths of its astronauts, the
power as the energy sources for heating their problem that worried everyone, was: why.
homes.
D) When the space shuttle Columbia exploded
E) In order to heat their homes, Americans seem and its crew died, the question everyone was
to prefer either natural gas or solar energy asking was quite simply: why?
over other energy sources.
E) When the space shuttle Columbia, together
with all its crew, exploded, everyone asked
the same, simple question: why?
237
MODADİL
37. Hükümet giriş ücretlerini kaldırır kaldırmaz, 39. Birleşmiş Milletlerin, Filistin’in Yahudi ve Arap
çok daha fazla kişi müzeleri ve sanat bölgelerine bölünmesini onaylaması üzerine,
galerilerini ziyaret etmeye başladı. 14 Mayıs 1948’de İsrail devleti ilan edildi.
A) Following the government’s ruling for no A) Once the United Nations had recommended
entrance charges for museums and art partitioning Palestine into Jewish and Arab
galleries, more and more people will start to regions, the state of Israel could have been
visit them proclaimed on 14 May 1948.
B) An increasing number of people had begun B) Once the partition of Palestine into Jewish
to visit the museums and art galleries even and Arab regions had been approved by
before the government abolished entrance the United Nations, the state of Israel was
fees. immediately proclaimed on 14 May 1948.
www.modadil.com
C) If the government decides to stop charging C) Upon the United Nations’ approval of the
entrance fees for museums and art galleries, partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab
many more people will start to visit them. territories, the state of Israel was proclaimed
on 14 May 1948.
D) As soon as the government had abolished
entrance charges, many more people started D) The state of Israel was proclaimed on 14
to visit the museums and art galleries. May 1948 since the United Nations was
recommending the partitioning of Palestine
E) Now, as there are no admission charges into Jewish and Arab parts.
for museums and art galleries, following a
government ruling, an increasing number of E) The state of Israel was proclaimed on 14
people are visiting them. May 1948 following the recommendation of
the United Nations that Palestine should be
divided into Jewish and Arab territories.
Test
4 40. Ağlama, yalnızca insana özgü olan gülmenin 42. Almanya’nın başbakanı Gerhard Schröder
tersine, insanın başka birçok hayvanla tarafından ortaya konan ekonomik reform
paylaştığı bir özelliktir. planları, Sosyal Demokrat Parti’nin
kongresinde oybirliği ile onaylandı.
A) In common with many other animals, human
beings laugh but do not cry. A) The plans for economic reform put forward
by Germany’s chancellor, Gerhard Schröder,
B) Humans, like many other animals, cry, but were unanimously endorsed at the Social
laughing seems to be reserved for them Democratic Party’s congress.
alone.
B) Gerhard Schröder, Germany’s chancellor
C) Animals and humans alike can cry, but it is should have made plans for economic reform,
only humans, who laugh. and they would have been approved at the
D) The ability to cry is shared by humans and Social Democratic Party’s congress.
all other animals, but not laughter; that is C) At the Social Democratic Party congress,
uniquely human. the plans for economic reform suggested by
E) Crying, as opposed to laughing which is Germany’s chancellor, Gerhard Schröder, met
uniquely human, is a characteristic that with considerable approval.
humans share with many other animals. D) The plans of Gerhard Schröder, Germany’s
chancellor, for economic development won
the approval of the entire Social Democratic
Party at their congress.
E) The plans for economic development
238 drawn up by Gerhard Schröder, Germany’s
chancellor were recently whole‑heartedly
approved at the Social Democratic Party’s
congress.
MODADİL
41. 1960’ta Tanzanya’nın Ol Doinyo Lengai

yanardağı patladığında, altı milyonun üzerinde 43. Gelecek yıl AB’ye katılmayı bekleyen on
ağaç köklerinden söküldü. ülkenin hepsi, bu yıl sonuna kadar, Nisan’da
A) It was the eruption of the Ol Doinyo Lengai
imzalamış oldukları katılım antlaşmasını
volcano in 1960 that caused the destruction of oylamış olacaklardır.
over six million trees in Tanzania. A) Before the end of the year, the ten countries
B) When the Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano erupted
expecting to join the EU next year, have
in 1960, all Tanzania’s six million trees were to vote on the accession treaty which they
uprooted. signed in April.
B) By the end of this year, all ten countries
C) As a result of the eruption of the Ol Doinyo
Lengai volcano in Tanzania in 1960, nearly six waiting to join the EU next year, will have
voted on the accession treaty which they
www.modadil.com
million trees were unrooted.

signed in April.
D) Over six million trees were unrooted when
C) All ten countries hoping to join the EU next
Tanzania’s Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano erupted
in 1960. year signed the accession treaty in April and
will vote on it before the end of this year.
E) In 1960 nearly six million trees were
D) Ten of the countries waiting to join the EU
destroyed in Tanzania following the eruption
of the Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano. next year signed the accession treaty in April
and all will have done so by the end of this
year.
E) All the ten countries expected to join the EU
next year signed the accession treaty in April
and are required to vote on it by the end of
this year.
Test
44. Titanik’in gerçekte nasıl göründüğünü hayal 46. Dünyanın en önde gelen dilbilimcilerinden biri 4
etmek, Bilim Müzesi’nde sergilenen eşyalarını olan Eugene A. Nida, ilkel toplulukların dilleri
gördükten sonra kolay oluyor. ve lehçeleri alanında uzmanlaşmıştır.
A) The exhibition of the Titanic’s artefacts at the A) Eugene A. Nida, one of the foremost linguists
Science Museum tells us a great deal about in the world, has specialised in the field
how it looked. of the languages and dialects of primitive
communities.
B) I saw the artefacts of the Titanic on exhibition
at the Science Museum, and seeing them B) The famous linguist Eugene A. Nida
makes it easy for one to imagine how it really is especially interested in the field of
looked. the languages and dialects of primitive
communities.
C) It is easy to imagine how the Titanic really
looked once one has seen its artifacts C) One of the best linguists in the world is
exhibited at the Science Museum. Eugene A. Nida, who has specialised in the
field of the languages and dialects of primitive
D) Once one has seen its artifacts on view at the communities.
Science Museum, one really knows what the
Titanic looked like. D) His specialisation in the field of the languages
and dialects of primitive communities is what
E) The titanic really comes to life when once one has put Eugene A. Nida among the foremost
sees its artifacts which are on exhibition at the of the world’s linguists.
Science Museum.
E) One of the best‑known linguists in the world
is Eugene A. Nida since he has specialised
in the field of the languages and dialects of
primitive communities.
239
MODADİL
45. Birçok bakımdan, 1753’ün Londra’sı, bugün

olduğu duruma oldukça benziyordu; büyük, 47. Hindistan, Batılı ülkelerin çoğundan farklı
gürültülü ve fazla kalabalık. olarak, çeşitli dillere ve kültürlere sahip bir
ülkedir.
A) Actually, the London of 1753 was in many
ways not unlike present‑day London; it was A) Contrary to what is believed in most western
big and noisy and terribly crowded. countries, there are many different languages
and cultures in India.
B) In many ways, the London of 1753 was pretty
similar to the way it is today; huge and noisy B) Unlike the majority of western countries, India
and overcrowded. is a country which has varied languages and
cultures.
C) As regards the size, the noise and the
overcrowding, the London of 1753 was no C) Most western countries lack the variety that is
different from the London of today. to be found in the languages and cultures of
www.modadil.com
India.
D) In fact, the London of 1753 resembled the
London of today in many respects, especially D) India is a country with varied languages and
as regards its size, noise and overcrowding. cultures, which makes it unlike the majority of
western countries.
E) From the point of view of size, noise and
terrible overcrowding, London is now no E) The western countries are unlike India
different from what it was in 1753. because of their varied languages and
cultures.
Test
4 48. Şirketimiz, tüm bölümlerinde güvenliği 50. 1980’lerin sonuna doğru, Aral Gölü, su
sağlamak için özel bir sistem geliştirdi. hacminin yarıdan fazlasını kaybetmişti ve
derinliği önceki derinliğinin neredeyse yarısına
A) Our company has developed a special inmişti.
security system to suit each of its
departments. A) By the late 1980s, Lake Aral had lost more
than half the volume of its water and its depth
B) In order to maintain security in all its had dropped to almost half its former depth.
departments our company is developing a
special system. B) Lake Aral, whose depth had dropped to nearly
half its former depth by the late 1980s, lost
C) The special security system developed by our more than half the volume of its water.
company will be used in all its departments.
C) Having lost more than half the volume of its

D) Our company has developed a special system water by the late 1980s, Lake Aral’s depth is
to maintain security in all of its departments. now twice as little as its previous depth.
E) Our company maintains that the special D) Lake Aral’s depth decreased almost fifty
security system it has developed is suitable percent after it had lost more than half the
for all its departments. volume of its water by the late 1980s.
E) By the late 1980s, the volume of Lake Aral’s
water had decreased so much that its depth
had become half of its former depth.
240
MODADİL
49. Ticari balıkçılık, balık avının kanunlarla

yasaklanmış olduğu yerler dışında dünyanın
her yerinde her çeşit suda yapılmaktadır.
A) Catching fish is illegal in certain parts of the
world, but commercial fishing continues to be
performed in all sorts of water.
B) All over the world and in every kind of water,
commercial fishing, which is forbidden by law
in some places, is done.
C) Even in those places where fishing is illegal,
commercial fishing is commonly done in every
sort of water around the world.
D) Commercial fishing is carried out in all types
www.modadil.com
of water, in all parts of the world, except

where catching fish is prohibited by law.
E) In all types of water, and everywhere in
the world despite its prohibition by law,
commercial fishing is carried out..
Test
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION 1
3. Stone sculpture is rare in Japan; there are
1. - 30. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, some fine 7th century examples in bronze
parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için and clay, but bronze has never been very
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. extensively used. ‑‑‑‑. Hence, it is to be noticed
that all the finest works of Japanese sculpture
1. The great metropolis of New York City is the are made of wood. Even so, the Japanese are
nerve centre of the nation. ‑‑‑‑. Its John F. generally considered to be better painters than
Kennedy International Airport is one of the sculptors.
busiest airports in the world. New York is
also home to the New York Stock Exchange, A) Actually, wood is the only material which has
the largest in the world. The convention and been used in Japanese sculpture throughout
tourist business is an important source of the its history
city’s income. B) There are a large number of relics of ancient
A) New York Bay was first discovered in 1524 Japan, such as baked earthen figures, which
by an Italian‑born navigator, Giovanni da may be called primitive sculpture
Verrazano C) Some examples of 7th‑century sculpture are
B) It is a leader in manufacturing, foreign trade, preserved in the Japanese museums today
commerce and banking D) Early Japanese sculpture is very reminiscent
C) Nearly all the state’s manufacturing is done in style of the Chinese sculpture of the 5th and
on Long Island and along the Hudson River 6th centuries 241
D) For a short time, New York City was the E) There was a great change in the form of
capital of the United States representation in Japanese sculpture after the
10th century
E) Among its famous residents have been many
artists, scientists and politicians
MODADİL
2. Lamartine was a French poet who lived 4. In Saudi Arabia oil was discovered in 1936,
between 1790 and 1869. At school he learned and commercial production began during
Greek, Italian and English, and was strongly World War II. Its wealth allowed the country
influenced by the classics. ‑‑‑‑. From 1811 to to provide free health care and education
1819 he attempted to write an epic and several while not collecting any taxes from its people.
tragedies in the classical manner. Yet it was as ‑‑‑‑. However, falling demand and rising
a lyrical poet that he achieved fame. production in the 1980s reduced its oil income
enormously. So in 2000, Saudi Arabia, along
A) In general, the Romantic writers placed the with other oil‑producing countries, reduced
www.modadil.com
individual, rather than society, at the centre of production to raise oil prices.
their vision
A) Saudi Arabia occupies most of the Arabian
B) The term “Romantic Age” is used to describe Peninsula
life and literature in Europe in the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries B) Saudi Arabia has one‑third of all known oil
reserves in the world
C) He was a great admirer of Petrarch,
Shakespeare and Byron C) Saudi Arabia contains the world’s largest
continuous sand desert
D) The French Revolution, which he strongly
supported, gave great importance to liberty D) In World War II, Saudi Arabia was neutral
and equality E) Moreover, Saudi Arabia plays an important
E) Like any Romantic, he believed in the role in Middle Eastern politics
possibility of progress and improvement for
humanity
Test
1 5. Scientists around the world are developing the 7. It has been suggested that different kinds
technology to make space tourism affordable. of singing may have developed for practical
The most important step is cheap and reusable reasons. For instance, among coal miners
spacecraft. Other plans are even more singing is popular because it is a good way
adventurous. ‑‑‑‑. Japanese airlines, on the to get the coal dust out of their lungs. ‑‑‑‑.
other hand, are working on plans for a space Male choirs were thus formed and these have
liner or a sightseeing spaceship. So, it seems become a tradition.
that, in the near future, space tourism will be a
new experience for ordinary people. A) Heavy smoking also has an adverse effect
upon the voice and makes it lower
A) Powering a spacecraft still requires vast
amounts of fuel, which would make space B) In the mining areas in Wales and Yorkshire
tourism far too expensive this became a communal activity
B) The general public do not seem to be C) It has been established that “better” singing is
Paragraph Completion
interested in space matters in almost all cases the result of training, not of
any physical condition
C) When tourists eventually start arriving in
space, they will need somewhere to stay D) There are “musical” families because children
are brought up in a musical environment
D) For instance, an American firm is planning
to build seven space stations served by 100 E) Another view is that some people have a
space shuttles natural ability to sing well
E) A spacecraft is still more than a flying bomb

which can explode at any second
242
MODADİL
6. During World War II submarines played an 8. The science of how fire spreads is simple. ‑‑‑‑.
important military role in the world’s oceans. This means that in a typical house fire, the
‑‑‑‑. If this had continued Britain would almost flames and smoke move upwards until they
certainly have been defeated. She was saved reach the ceiling. Then they start to move
by the development of submarine‑detecting sideways.
radar.
A) Indeed, opening a window or door can
A) Actually America was the first country to sometimes be extremely dangerous
recognize the submarine’s military value
B) To prevent this, fire‑fighters make openings in
B) Nuclear power is the ideal fuel for submarines buildings
as huge amounts of energy are present in a
small space C) Today fire‑fighters begin their basic training
with physics
www.modadil.com
C) German submarines attacked transatlantic

shipping with great success, and this caused D) When a fire occurs outdoors, it may burn even
America to enter the war more fiercely as there are unlimited supplies
of oxygen for it
D) In the Atlantic, for instance, German
submarines began to sink British shipping far E) Once air is heated, it becomes lighter, rises
faster than it could be replaced and seeks escape through any openings that
may be available
E) Early US‑designed submarines were powered
by a petrol engine when on the surface and
by batteries when below the surface
Test
9. In ancient times, long hair on fighting men 11. Jane Austen was born in 1775 at Steventon, a 1
was always regarded as a symbol of strength small country village in Hampshire. Her father
and power. ‑‑‑‑. For instance, in the story was an Anglican clergyman who had been
of Samson and Delilah, Samson lost his a fellow of St. John’s College, Oxford. ‑‑‑‑.
legendary strength when Delilah cut his hair. Nevertheless, the one who really gave Jane
Austen her education was her own father.
A) The number of hairs on the head varies with
colour, for reasons still unknown A) When her father died, in 1805, the family
moved first to Southampton and then to
B) What looks like grey hair is actually a mixture Chawton
of white hair and the original colour
B) While still in her teens, she wrote a series of
C) Hence, most warriors used to let their hair sketches and tales
grow long and refused to have it cut
C) Her first novel, Lady Susan, remained
D) Hair grows faster at night and in warm
unpublished during her life time
weather
D) Accompanied by Cassandra, her elder sister
E) Most people spend more time and money on and life‑long friend, she went to a school at
their hair than on any other part of the body Oxford and then to one at Reading
E) This is why Jane Austen knew so much about
the lives of Anglican clergymen and their
families
243
MODADİL
12. Many of the novels of H. G. Wells fall into the

10. Though I am a long‑distance runner I have category of science fiction. Wells was very
long believed that man is not evolutionarily interested in the scientific advances of his age
designed to run. ‑‑‑‑. But in Racing the and looked ahead to imagine what the results
Antelope, Heinrich argues just the opposite, might be in the future. ‑‑‑‑. Even so he was
and he does it so convincingly that I’m conscious of the possible dangers, and many
beginning to believe him when he says “we of his novels present a struggle between two
are all natural‑born runners”. ways of life, the human and the non‑human.
A) There is also much information on how to A) These writers have tried to describe the
train for a race world as it is about to end, almost completely
B) Compared with any four‑legged creature of destroyed
similar size, man is a hopeless runner B) The stories of science fiction are based on
www.modadil.com
C) Indeed, man and animals alike have amazing developments in science or technology
powers of endurance C) Many of these stories carry the threat that if
D) So, in the course of time, we developed into technological developments go further they
very efficient runners maybring about the destruction of man
E) Fat is burned to produce the energy to make D) The film industry soon realized that the
long‑distance running possible subject matter of science fiction was ideal for
films
E) On the whole, he was interested in the
possibilities for good, not in the disadvantages
Test
1 13. King Henry VIII of England enjoyed the love 15. This children’s programme on the television is
and admiration of his people at least during presented by Jeremy. He is one of the liveliest
the early years of his reign. ‑‑‑‑. Indeed, of the new television presenters. ‑‑‑‑. He tells
the young king had many advantages. He us who invented them and how. On the list this
was young and handsome; he was a fine week are the safety pin, the can opener and
sportsman; he also had a first‑class intellect. the match.
There was something to please everyone.
A) He usually shows films on wildlife
A) This was partly because he came as a
welcome change after his cold and calculating B) Each week, he talks about various small but
father, Henry VII important inventions
B) The thing everyone knows about him is that C) His programmes are very good but far too
he married six times many are only suitable for very young children
D) He thinks that it is bad for the eyes to watch
C) He encouraged humanism, and his own

children were educated by some of the great too much television
scholars of the Renaissance E) He is very popular with children
D) His father had become the king of England
after the Wars of the Roses
E) He married Anne Boleyn after he had divorced
his first wife
244
MODADİL
14. In the USA, fish is not a particularly popular 16. English is spoken by over a billion people
food. ‑‑‑‑. There is, for instance, the canning around the world: in other words, by more
industry; sardines and tuna in particular than a quarter of the world’s population. It
are canned both for home consumption and is the mother tongue in the UK, in Australia
for export. Moreover, fertilizers are often and New Zealand, and, of course, for the vast
fish‑based, and these make up another majority people in North America. It is studied
important industry. as a foreign language all over the world but
particularly in Europe. ‑‑‑‑.
A) In recent years, fish has been gaining in
popularity in most countries A) There is actually a strong French influence on
the English language
B) In the popular mind, it is the hamburger that is
associated with American eating habits B) It is also the language of shipping and
aviation, of science, technology and
C) Nevertheless, about 130,000 people are
www.modadil.com
commerce
directly engaged in the fishing industry
C) One big difference between the English of
D) It is common knowledge now that too many England and the English of America is the
fish are being taken out of the seas accent
E) Pollution has also been responsible for the D) Indeed, one of the Germanic tribes ‑ the
deaths of a lot of fish Angles ‑ gave their name to the language that
was to become English
E) English is still changing fast, and there are
many local varieties
Test
17. In recent years, the amount of advertising on 19. Flooding is an environmental disaster that 1
television has increased dramatically. Many may have substantial and long‑lasting
people think that advertisements should chemical effects. There are many possible
be banned because they interrupt their sources of chemical contamination during
enjoyment of the programmes. ‑‑‑‑. Without and after a flood. ‑‑‑‑. Chemicals released
advertising, commercial television companies into the environment may have a variety of
would have to close down. In addition to this, adverse ecological effects. These effects
advertisements increase our knowledge, and can be long‑term or short‑term in the normal
this enables us to make better choices as functioning of the ecosystem.
consumers.
A) These include dumping grounds, chemical
A) Actually, a lot of people find television works, warehouses, and petrol stations
advertisements quite entertaining
B) It results in economic losses that might affect
B) Since they are expensive, advertisements the whole country
increase the cost of the products
C) Every chemical substance that affects the
C) Advertising gives consumers freedom of environment affects the human beings, too
choice
D) Fortunately, there is no possibility that any
D) It seems that countries which do not have radioactive materials have been released
advertising produce goods which are
expensive and of poor quality E) There are two main causes of such hazards:
biological and chemical
E) However, it must be remembered that
TV companies rely on the income from
commercials to pay for their programmes 245
MODADİL
18. Familiar terms such as “work”, “energy” and 20. Calcium is an important mineral. It is crucial
“force” are often used in a very particular for the carrying of messages along the nerves.
and distinct manner in physics. ‑‑‑‑. For It is essential for healthy bones and teeth. Yet,
instance, for the physicist, the word “force” is few of us get as much as we need. ‑‑‑‑.
used in four different ways. These forces are
responsible for all the phenomena we observe. A) Calcium deficiency can lead to various
problems
A) We think of a force generally as a push or a
pull B) Milk and milk products are especially rich in
calcium
B) It is important to understand their special
meanings when they are used scientifically C) In fact, most of us get only one third of the
amount necessary for good health
C) “Work” is another term which also has a
restricted technical meaning in science D) On the other hand, most parents are unaware
www.modadil.com
of how much calcium their children need

D) One of the fundamental forces in nature is the
electromagnetic force E) The taking of calcium pills is not always
recommended
E) The English physicist Newton is remembered
for his investigations into the forces of nature
Test
1 21. Breakfast is the most important meal of the 23. Most of us feel that too much money is being
day. Young children and older adults are the spent on advertising. We see advertisements
most regular consumers of breakfast. ‑‑‑‑. as we walk down the street, we see them in
However, especially among young people, newspapers and magazines and on television.
before they reach adulthood, breakfast ‑‑‑‑. Perhaps it would, but manufacturers know
consumption decreases, and they give as that it is vital to keep the name of a product
reasons lack of time or not wanting to eat so fresh in the public eye; otherwise, sales fall.
early.
A) Advertising costs a lot, so we wonder if it
A) The type of breakfast preferred varies from wouldn’t be better to spend this money in
country to country other ways
B) Missing breakfast can affect a child’s ability to B) Some advertisements are quite amusing and
manage complex information really please us
C) Popular breakfasts nowadays include cereals, C) Personally, I find a lot of advertisements really
toast and fruit juice annoying
D) Tests to see whether eating breakfast D) Advertising has become an art, and a lot of
increases a child’s IQ remain controversial money is to be made in the field of advertising
E) Studies show that over 90 % of them have E) Children are often greatly influenced by the
breakfast every day advertisements they see on television
246
MODADİL
22. Poetry is as universal as language and almost 24. At seven in the morning on April 12 1981, the
as ancient. In all ages, and in all countries, first space shuttle “Columbia” left Earth. It flew
poetry has been written, eagerly read and up into space at a speed of 28, 000 kilometres
listened to by all kinds and conditions of an hour. ‑‑‑‑‑. They had a lot to do while they
people. ‑‑‑‑. But this is not the whole answer. It were in space. They took photographs and
has also been regarded as something central sent pictures back to Earth. They also tested
to each man’s existence. Columbia’s controls.
A) There is no sharp distinction between poetry A) This was one of the best designed space
and other imaginative literature shuttles put into space
B) Why? Because it has given them pleasure B) This is what science fiction had imagined
C) Literature exists to communicate significant C) At such a speed the shuttle might easily have
experiences blown up
www.modadil.com
D) The proper reading of poetry demands a high D) There were two astronauts inside, John
level of attention Young and Robert Crippen
E) There is no real distinction between the E) Following its explorations in space, the shuttle
practical use of language and the poetic one returned safely to Earth
Test
25. When we talk about the shared customs of 27. Evaporation can be described as the process 1
a society, we are referring to a “culture”. by which a liquid is changed into vapour
However, not all things shared generally by by heat. ‑‑‑‑. The higher the temperature the
a population are cultural. For example, the quicker the process. Obviously, evaporation is
typical hair colour of a population is not a fundamental process in nature.
cultural because it is genetically determined.
‑‑‑‑. A) Desalination depends upon the process of
evaporation
A) Culture has nothing to do with playing the
piano or reading poetry B) Whenever a liquid is exposed to heat,
evaporation takes place
B) Culture refers to all these aspects of life
C) The average annual temperature in the arctic
C) What and how human beings eat is learned region is far below that in the Mediterranean
and varies from culture to culture
D) The human body can easily adapt to a humid
D) Every society has a culture, no matter how climate
simple this culture is
E) Some plants are more affected by evaporation
E) For something to be considered cultural, it than others
must be learned as well as shared
247
MODADİL
26. Most mysterious, perhaps, of all substances

in the sea is iodine. In sea water it is one of 28. ‑‑‑‑. He was one of the earliest to argue that
the least common of the non‑metals, difficult the interior of the earth was not solid but that
to detect and resisting exact analysis. ‑‑‑‑. it consisted of a condensed though highly
Sponges, corals and certain seaweeds, in heated fluid or gas. He also argued that on its
particular, accumulate quantities of it. exterior the earth had a relatively thin shell of
matter.
A) The ocean is in the earth’s greatest
storehouse of minerals A) The great achievements of Benjamin Franklin
in natural science should not blind us to the
B) In the human body, iodine functions as a fact that he was a great statesman
regulator of the basal metabolism
B) When Benjamin Franklin was a young man,
C) Yet it is found in almost every marine plant he moved from Boston to Philadelphia where
and animal he spent the rest of his life studying political
science
www.modadil.com
D) The plants and animals of the sea are very

much better chemists than men C) In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin
made remarkable contributions to the field of
E) Iodine deficiency in the body causes certain electricity
metabolic disorders
D) Benjamin Franklin played an important role in
the early development of American political
thought
E) Benjamin Franklin had many original and
penetrating ideas on geology
Test
1 29. The science of how fire spreads is simple 30. Scientists are only just beginning to explore
enough. ‑‑‑‑. This means that in a typical house the seabed. Remote‑controlled submarines
fire, the flames and fumes move upwards until are bringing up sediment from an apparently
they meet an obstruction, such as a ceiling, lifeless sea floor. ‑‑‑‑. Indeed, so many new
where they mushroom out laterally until they species are being identified that the deep
reach a wall. seabed may turn out to support a greater
bio‑diversity of the rainforests.
A) The opening of a door or window requires
great caution as it may cause a violent A) There are trenches in the seabed that are 11
outbreak of flames km deep
B) Today fire‑fighters begin their basic training B) But under the microscope the sediment teems
with physics with life
C) One of the most skilled techniques employed C) By means of echo‑sounding much can be
by fire‑fighters is ventilation learned about the surface of the seabed

D) Ventilation helps to reduce the risk of D) Sedimentation is a low process of creating
explosions resulting from the build‑up of hot land masses
gases
E) There, ocean‑floor magma vents support an
E) Once air is heated, it becomes lighter, rises ecology independent of sunlight
and seeks to escape through any openings
that may be available
248
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION 2
3. The style of our lives is often based on the
1. - 50. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, type of work we do. Some jobs allow for
parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için flexible schedules which enable us to take
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. time off to deal with personal or family needs.
‑‑‑‑. Other jobs are quite inflexible. With these
1. Aristotle considered that the stars must we only have evenings and weekends to deal
move in circles because the circle is the most with family needs. But when we do go home,
perfect curve. In the absence of evidence work stays at the job site.
to the contrary, ‑‑‑‑. In such a case it is at
once obvious to us that this appeal was A) Thus the type of work we do tends to turn us
unjustifiable. all into stereotypes
A) he was naturally drawn to the least erroneous B) Naturally, most of us work not only for money
technique but also for position
B) he allowed himself to decide a question C) There is an important disadvantage with this
of fact by an appeal to aesthetic‑moral type of work; we often have to take our work
considerations home with us
C) all objections to the doctrine were readily D) Actually the average person doesn’t even
overcome hope for job satisfaction
D) such a scientific attitude of mind might be E) Changes in traditional family roles are slowly 249
expected to dispel all desires other than the having an effect‑usually adverse ‑ on the work
desire for knowledge place
E) his determination to regard this as a natural
phenomenon was greatly admired
MODADİL
2. In connection with the American dream, one 4. According to social scientists we learn to
needs to remember that the word “dream” is see ourselves as others see us. In a sense,
not a synonym for “reality”‑ it means rather a we look at ourselves from outside. ‑‑‑‑.
“hope” or a “possibility”. Further, the original Presently we settle into a pattern of behavior
American dream had little to do with material through interactions with others and we learn
possessions but a lot to do with choices, the “rules” of behavior for our particular
beginnings and opportunity. ‑‑‑‑. environment.
A) However, such a really successful
www.modadil.com
A) We form an idea of what others want and

businessman soon outgrows his dreams expect of us
B) This is why so many dreams were realized B) Those who don’t regularly follow these rules
C) Clearly, the only dreams one remembers are are regarded as abnormal
those that come true C) Children soon learn that good behavior is
D) Thus everyone had dreams of growing rich awarded.
fast D) Thus, the physical and social environment
E) It was not a guarantee of success but simply exert less of an influence
an opportunity to try E) The choice we make is invariably governed by
what we assume will be the most rewarding
option
Test
2 5. It is now a commonplace to note how the jet 7. Most of our misconceptions of art arise from
aircraft and the TV screen have transformed a lack of consistency in the use of the words
our old ideas of geography. Technology has “art” and “beauty”. ‑‑‑‑. We always assume
indeed compressed time and space. ‑‑‑‑. In the that all that is beautiful is art, or that all art is
past people grew familiar with their neighbors beautiful, that what is not beautiful is not art,
across the seas slowly and gradually over and that ugliness is the negation of art. This
generations. This is no longer the case. The identification of art and beauty is at the bottom
meeting is abrupt and often violent. of all our difficulties in the appreciation of art.
A) The Mediterranean world at that time had A) The painter usually expresses himself by the
already the experience of centuries of representation of the visible world
commerce behind it
B) The relation between art and religion is one
B) Documentaries of the natural world are of the most difficult questions that we have to
particularly instructive answer
C) Naturally order people tend to feel nostalgic C) Expressionism in modern art is a distinct
about their youth movement, having little or nothing in common
with cubism.
D) It was Spain in the sixteenth century that
pioneered this sort of study D) It might be said that we are only consistent in
our misuse of these words
E) But living with these new realities is not so
easy as talking about them E) Some people are quite unaware of the
importance of proportion in architecture, and
have no sense of shape, surface and mass
250
MODADİL
6. Bulbs are ideal for new gardeners because 8. At the beginning of this century, a group of
they are easy to plant and flower well in their writers from scattered midwestern towns came
first season. ‑‑‑‑ and grow happily in all types together in bustling, commercial Chicago.
of soil. They come up year after year and From the rough immediacy of the city, they
delight the eye with their rich colors and lovely forged a style that was distinctively and
shapes. unsparingly realistic. ‑‑‑‑. In fact, the critics
A) They require comparatively little attention were soon to describe Chicago as the literary
capital of the US.
B) The tulip, however, isn’t every boy’s favorite
flower A) Most of them, however, finally moved away
from Chicago
C) Consequently, the site must be chosen with
great care B) The “Chicago Renaissance”, fuelled by these
writers, soon captured the attention of the rest
www.modadil.com
D) Of these the crocus is native to Turkey of the nation

E) Even experienced gardeners get C) It is now a commonplace of literary criticism
disappointing results that there is a close relationship between
cities and their writers
D) Chicago is indeed a city of absorbing contrast,
and not least in the field of architecture
E) American realism differs in many obvious
ways from European realism
Test
9. Italy is the great country of fountains, and the 11. The Federal Republic of Germany, founded 2
fountains of Rome are world famous. ‑‑‑‑. It in 1949, had as its first Chancellor Dr.
was built in the time of Pope Clement XII about Konrad Adenauer. His Christian Democrat
the middle of the eighteenth century. The government produced conditions of stability
fountain and the palace behind it are a good and confidence in which Germany rebuilt
example of the baroque style of architecture, her shattered prosperity and a viable
which gives a feeling of magnificence, parliamentary democracy. Further, his work
movement and excitement. in building a special relationship with France,
culminating a treaty of friendship, was a
A) The Fountain of Trevi, in Rome, is one of the dramatic contrast to the long tradition of
most magnificent in the city enmity towards France. ‑‑‑‑.
B) This style is particularly effective for fountains A) Even so, Adenauer’s successor Dr. Erhard
because of the moving water was a loyal supporter of the Atlantic Alliance
C) The water is brought underground from a B) Moreover, he strove relentlessly for German
spring many miles outside the city reunification within the boundaries of 1937,
D) A statue of Neptune in the fountain is stressing West Germany’s right to speak for
surrounded by numerous other figures the whole Germany
E) The city of Rome has been the capital of Italy C) The Brandt Government’s main achievements
ever since it was founded thousands of years were in the field of foreign policy
ago D) On the other hand, Brandt had built up his
fame as mayor of West Berlin before he was
elected Chancellor
E) Indeed, the tensions within the government
251
were heightened by protracted negotiations
between the coalition partners over policies
to counter the sharply rising trend of
unemployment
MODADİL
10. ‑‑‑‑. His principal equipment is a leather 12. 1972 was not an easy or a successful year
couch for patients to lie on and a cabinet for the Heath Government in Britain. It was a
of mysterious drugs of one kind or another year of confrontation with the trade unions.
to send them off to sleep. He is particularly ‑‑‑‑. Indeed, it was even forced to adopt certain
interested in the dreams of his clients and policies similar to those which it had attacked
may use some form of hypnosis to study their to vehemently when it had been in Opposition.
repressed thoughts and secret emotions.
A) Finally, after 1972, there was industrial action
A) More and more large firms are realizing the in protest against the Government’s prices
advantages offered by psychiatry and incomes policy
B) No one may prescribe drugs or surgery in B) These problems were aggravated by
treating mentally sick individuals unless he is persistently high levels of unemployment,
medically qualified especially in certain regions
www.modadil.com
C) It is crucial to realize that psychologists are C) It was also a year in which the pressure of
first and foremost trained as scientists rather circumstances forced the Government to
than as medical experts abandon many of the initiatives it had started
D) Psychologists are primarily concerned with in 1970
behaviour and its abnormalities D) Moreover, negotiations with the EEC started
E) The popular image of a psychiatrist is a fairly immediately after the general election in 1970
well‑defined one E) As a result, a 90‑day standstill was imposed
on wages, and prices and charges for goods
and services were similarly frozen
Test
2 13. We all know that learning is significant. ‑‑‑‑? 15. Some sociologists are concerned that America
A dictionary might tell you that learning is is no longer “a melting pot,” but “a salad
acquiring knowledge through experience bowl.” Unlike most earlier immigrants who are
and study. A teacher might tell you that it is willing to learn English and wanted to “melt”
memorizing what he wants you to know for into American life, many of today’s immigrants
an examination. Your boss might tell you do not see the need. ‑‑‑‑? How will all this
that it is mastery of the task you are hired to affect America’s future?
do. A psychologist might tell you that it is a
relatively permanent change in behaviour due A) Why did most European immigrants settle in
to past experience. Obviously, learning takes the cities rather than on farms
place in many ways and forms. B) What was city life like for most immigrants
A) How is it managed C) What changes can we expect in the make‑up
B) What exactly do you mean of America’s population by the year 2050
C) Yet one can depend on it D) What hardships did the early immigrants
encounter when they arrived in America
D) But what exactly is it
E) How far back can an American trace his roots
E) Do you think it can be mastered
252
MODADİL
14. Someone once said that there are three sides

to every questionable issue. Your side, my 16. ‑‑‑‑. The faltering economy they inherited was
side, and the “right” side. ‑‑‑‑. For instance, now under additional pressure from those
the reactions to the issue of abortion are newly unemployed, including the million‑man
usually divided into two basic viewpoints: for army of the former regime. There were critical
or against. But the issue is not that simple. shortages of foreign exchange and gold, much
Other questions begin to surface, which turn of which had been stolen in the final days of
the issue into a complex one and make it the war. There were also at least two million
necessary for us to look at it from many sides. new refugees, nearly 10% of the population.
Virtually, the country was in a state of total
A) Unknowingly people become conditioned to bankruptcy.
speak out of prejudice
A) The end of the war in Vietnam brought
B) In truth, there may be many sides, depending massive problems to the new leaders of the
upon the issue itself country
www.modadil.com
C) As we mature, our beliefs are also shaped B) In the first place, all industry was nationalized
both directly and indirectly by media by the new Vietnamese government
D) Consequently our thinking process becomes C) One unexpected problem facing the new
overruled by others’ ideas government was continuing military activity
E) Even when we think, we are acting as D) One solution to the urban problems facing
individuals by rejecting the ideas of one Vietnam was to get people to return to the
group, we are often accepting the ideas of countryside
another
E) In their first months in power, Vietnam’s new
leaders succeeded in persuading hundreds of
thousands of people to return to their farms
Test
17. Gathering information on a possible adversary 19. What is soul? From Plato onwards, many 2
or adversaries is only the start of the answers have been given to this question,
intelligence process. The raw materials, once but no one answer has ever been found to
in hand, must be drawn together, analyzed, be adequate. ‑‑‑‑. Presumably we must mean
correlated, and evaluated before it becomes something by it.
useful knowledge. ‑‑‑‑. From this appraisal,
which points to this most likely course of A) His definition, quite understandably, soon
action the target state can chart a course of returned to favor
action best designed to meet the developing B) Even so, the word is still in constant use
situation.
C) At a still later period soul and character were
A) The ethics of secret intelligence operations equated
have long been argued
D) If there had been further developments in this
B) At this stage there emerges an estimate of line they might have proved significant
the adversary’s intentions and of his ability to
achieve them E) The next step would then have been to
differentiate between soul and body
C) But the richest source is usually the secret
agent, who is always a highly skilled and well
trained professional
D) Intelligence findings are, therefore, usually
classified and limited in circulation
E) In recent decades, technology has
enormously lengthened the reach and
sharpened the penetration of intelligence
253
MODADİL
18. In the 1900s cancer was nearly always fatal; by 20. The Japanese have a strong aesthetic sense;
the 1930s one out of five cancer patients was they beautify, adorn and decorate everything
saved; by 1975, treatment was successful in they touch. ‑‑‑‑. It is cut into an artistic shape
one out of every three cancer patients. ‑‑‑‑. and given a color scheme with carefully placed
A) New evidence suggests that the highest risk pieces of tomato and herbs.
for lung cancer occurs in asbestos workers A) Presumably they get a great deal of
who smoke satisfaction out of such elegant displays
B) Indeed every one knows that cancer refers to B) The art of flower arrangement is especially
a group of over 100 different diseases well developed in Japan
C) Today scientists and physicians believe that C) Many of these arrangements consist of merely
half of cancer patients can be saved if present two or three flowers and a spring of green
knowledge is applied promptly in every case
D) Naturally this is especially true of the women
D) Rehabilitation of the cancer patient has of that country
www.modadil.com
become an important new concern for social

workers E) A sandwich in Japan is not a sandwich. It is a
work of art, designed to appeal not just to the
E) The goal of cancer rehabilitation is to help the plate but also to the eye
patient lead as normal a life as possible
Test
2 21. ‑‑‑‑. Composers such as Schubert, Schuman, 23. Underdeveloped countries are those in
Listz, and Berlioz sought a new freedom in which economic structure and development
musical expression. Form became of less are held back. The causes of the condition
importance than content; and that content of underdevelopment are complex, but
often had a literary connections. two opposing sets of theories dominates
discussion. ‑‑‑‑. On the other hand, there are
A) Wordsworth is one of the best‑known of all the theories that ascribe underdevelopment
English Romantic poets directly to the distortions of economic
B) Mendelsshon and Brahms are the two most structure and the exploitation involved in
typical representative composers of the the relations between the developed and the
Romantic era underdeveloped countries.
C) The Romantic movement, which began A) In other words, development and
around the year 1800 in literature, also had its underdevelopment are mutually
counterpart in music interdependent

D) Indeed, the Romantic movement itself did not B) This view implies that the state and process
last very long of underdevelopment in certain countries is
inevitable
E) Among the Romantic composers, Brahms has
generally been the most popular C) On the one hand, there are those theories
that attribute underdevelopment to the
internal characteristics of the underdeveloped
countries themselves
D) Accordingly, such countries are responsible
254 for their own underdevelopment
E) Yet, no country in the world is completely
isolated from the current monetary policies
MODADİL
22. Just how the Alzheimer disease ravages 24. The purpose of a novel varies with its
the brain isn’t understood, but a protein type. Anthony Trollope’s statement has a
molecule is thought to be involved. ‑‑‑‑. On the fundamental validity: “the object of a novel
theory that the protein causes the disorder should be to instruct in morals while it
by travelling from other tissues to the brain, amuses.” At one extreme, some novels are
researchers may now seek to devise drugs expressly meant to teach, such as some
that would block the protein and stop it getting children’s novels and social novels. ‑‑‑‑.
there. However, one can say that the aim of most
A) If this is confirmed, it may lead to a novels is to reveal and stimulate thought and
break‑through in the treatment of the disease aspect of human behavior both individually
and in personal and social relationships.
B) In fact, it hardly seems worthwhile to carry out
further research into the Alzheimer disease A) Hence, fantasy has become increasingly
popular, especially in the form of science
C) Much research has already been carried out fiction
to discover the causes of the disease
www.modadil.com
B) Therefore, a novel is a fictitious prose

D) Once the molecule had been isolated, it was narrative, usually of more than fifty thousand
possible to cure the condition words in length
E) The Alzheimer disease is just one of the most C) On the whole, Daniel Defoe is regarded as
incurable illnesses that inflict people in the the first notable English novelist
developed countries
D) At the other, some novels are meant simply
as entertainment such as detective stories
and much science fiction
E) At the same time, the reading public has
increased in numbers, particularly among the
educated
Test
25. ‑‑‑‑. Not easy, is it? Yet 150 years ago, that’s 27. Africans have at last lost patience with 2
exactly what it was. Over a century and a their governments. They are particularly
half the people of Honk Kong have managed angry about declining living standards, the
to transform that rock into a world financial breakdown of law and order. The government
centre. With a government committed to free officials in particular, are full of complaints.
trade and free enterprise, and also because ‑‑‑‑. Most of them are members of militant
of its location in the heart of the Asia Pacific trade unions, through which they demonstrate
region, Honk Kong has thrived and is now the and go on strike. So, chaos and continuous
world’s eleventh largest trading economy. political instability can never be averted.
A) Imagine Honk Kong as a barren rock A) It is possible that market forces and world
economic conditions can upset their high
B) There are a host of reasons behind Honk hopes for improvement
Kong’s economic success
B) Among the demonstrators are people from
C) Honk Kong has a harbour that has been the countryside who have been flooding into
described as the world’s busiest towns seeking a better life
D) Imagine what one can achieve in Honk Kong C) Undoubtedly, Africans want multi‑party
E) Think of the excellent investment democracy and are working hard to achieve it
opportunities Honk Kong offers today D) Because most governments are short of cash,
these officials are underpaid or paid late
E) Obviously, people tend to accept painful
policies more readily from elected
governments than from dictators 255
MODADİL
26. Today most of France’s 600,000 Jews are 28. The Pitcairn Islanders in the Pacific were
well established and assimilated, though originally the mutineers of the ship Bounty.
some pockets of anti‑Semitism still remain. They took possession of the island of Pitcairn
Research earlier this decade found one in in 1790, and it was not until 1814 that their
four Frenchmen complaining that there were whereabouts were ascertained, accidentally,
too many Jews in France, while one in five by a passing ship. ‑‑‑‑. In the course of years
admitted to feelings of antipathy towards they increased so much in numbers that
them. ‑‑‑‑. they were too many for the island to support.
A) During the Second World War the Vichy Finally, in 1856 they were removed by the
government introduced laws that banned British Government to the much larger Norfolk
Jews from holding a wide range of jobs Island.
B) According to another poll at the time, only A) The Bounty was originally chartered to
9% said they would not vote for a Jew as a explore the Pacific islands and establish
president British colonies there
www.modadil.com
C) As a result, from the 13th century until the B) In fact, much of their history is still
French Revolution in 1789, Jews in France, controversial and there is a considerable
as in many other places in Europe, were difference of opinion about their origin
systematically persecuted C) Up to that date trade in the Pacific region had
D) Even so the Germans still wrestle with their been their main occupation
consciences over their attitude, past and D) The British Government sponsored a number
present, to the Jews of search projects, but all of them ended in
E) In 1995, Chirac became the first French failure
president to admit the French state’s E) The mutineers, under their leader Adams, had
responsibility in rounding up the Jews to be settled to a communal existence and married
sent to Nazi extermination camps Tahitian women
Test
2 29. The planets are the celestial bodies that 31. There are several ways in which to write
revolve round the sun in elliptical orbits. medical history. ‑‑‑‑. Then there is the social
‑‑‑‑. There are also a large number of minor approach of the history of medicine which
planets, commonly called asteroids. Today concentrates on how, when, where, by whom,
many important questions concerning the and with what effect the ill were treated in
planets can be answered by means of probes times gone by. However, another approach is
sent to them. These include the measurement to deal with the influence of disease upon the
of the magnetic field, if any, of the planets, course of human affairs.
the study of their atmospheres and, in some
cases, surface conditions. A) It is only in the past 50 years that doctors
have appreciated how dangerous experience
A) Among them Pluto was the last planet to be can be as a guide to action
found out in 1930 by the American astronomer
Tombaugh B) A major area with which medical history is
concerned is pathology
B) At present only nine major planets are known,

and they are different in many respects from C) But all the strands of medical history could
the fixed stars not possibly be woven into a coherent and
comprehensive whole
C) Scientists have recently managed to land on
the surface of Mars, an extremely efficient D) Most accounts of medical developments lack
instrument for exploration coherence and are often out‑dated
D) Yet, the moon revolves round the earth and E) One method, and this is the one preferred by
has already been explored doctors, is to trace progress from complete
medical ignorance to a high level of medical
256 E) However, Pluto is the most distant of the
planets and has an orbit more elliptical than
competence
the other planetary orbits

MODADİL
30. It was the worst ice‑storm in living memory. 32. The firm Cartier was founded by Louis
What started in the clouds as rain became ice François Cartier in 1847 in Paris, but, until the
as it hit power lines, trees and roads. ‑‑‑‑. Well end of the century, it remained quite a small
over 100,000 people had to flee their freezing concern. ‑‑‑‑. Within ten years there were also
homes for those of luckier or better equipped branches in London and New York, and each
neighbours. of the branches was run by a grandson of the
establisher.
A) It fell for days and it paralyzed much of
Quebec, knocking out the power supply to 3 A) No one guessed then how these Cartier
million people creations would soon capture the popular
imagination
B) Till then it was regarded as one of the worst
natural disasters ever to hit Canada B) A move to new and more spacious premises
in 1899 opened the way to expansion
www.modadil.com
C) The cleaning up process was soon in full

swing and life returned to normal C) Many of Cartier’s craftsmen drew on original
antique artifacts for their inspiration
D) Old people in particular are at risk if
temperatures continue to fall in this way D) For many years the designs were to remain
largely Renaissance inspired
E) The midweek forecast for the area is far from
encouraging E) More exotic work followed, based on Persian,
Indian, and finally, on Russian styles
Test
33. How intelligent can machines become? 35. There are, obviously, sufficient raw materials 2
Philosophers and scientists have at hand on the moon to turn it into the
inconclusively debated this question since shipbuilding capital of the solar system.
before the computer age. One of the reasons Building shuttles and satellites on the moon
put forward for believing in the impossibility would allow them to be launched from the
of truly intelligent machines is simply that low‑gravity lunar surface. ‑‑‑‑.
machines are created by people. ‑‑‑‑ They
do what he wants them to; machines have A) This would mean that less fuel and, thus, less
“derived intent”, while only humans have money would be needed
“original intent”. B) The amount and variety of the mineral
A) Laziness is a human failing and unknown to deposits on the moon have yet to be
machines assessed
B) Computers themselves are now presenting a C) The potential for solar energy on the moon is
more practical side to this debate unlimited
C) This is actually why people are giving D) Other companies are particularly interested in
machines more and more responsibility the helium deposits on the moon
D) This, it is argued, makes them man’s slaves E) Iron will thus be the first mineral to be mined
rather than his equals on the moon
E) The more complex a task the machine

accomplishes, the more it will be asked to do
257
MODADİL
34. A career as a space‑traffic controller isn’t one 36. Napoleon, the greatest of all generals,
most guidance counselors recommend. But dismissed and disgraced Admiral Bruix for
that could change. ‑‑‑‑. Industry analysts worry questioning an order to sail his fleet. ‑‑‑‑.
that, without properly trained ground‑control Consequently, twenty ships were wrecked,
crews to steer them, satellites could easily and 2,000 men were drowned. From this
hurtle into one another. incident we can understand that the absolute
A) NASA plans to launch successive waves of obedience that a general can command is not
each model to keep the data coming in for 15 appropriate at sea.
years A) Even so, Bruix continued to admire and obey
B) The satellites presently on the NASA drawing Napoleon
boards will focus primarily on scientific B) By the time his successor was appointed, the
uncertainties regarding global warming adverse weather conditions had been over
www.modadil.com
C) With more than 200 satellites already in orbit C) Everyone knew that this admiral never took
and 1,300 more set to be launched during the risks
next decade, space is going to need some
traffic control D) Napoleon seemed to know instinctively what
the right course of action would be
D) The EOS satellites alone are expected to cost
8 billion dollars to build, launch and maintain E) His deputy obeyed the command although the
just through the year 2000 wind was wrong
E) The EOS sensors will chart the visible infrared

and microwave effects of clouds
Test
2 37. A long time ago, many things were explained 39. Today’s deflation comes in both benign and
by reference to the will of unseen deities. ‑‑‑‑. malign guises. ‑‑‑‑. But weak demand is also
In our world, we explain things by reference creating harmful deflationary pressures in
to genes, and feel much superior for it. But some countries. A good way to detect this is
there is not, if we think about it, very much to look at “output gaps”, that is, the difference
difference between saying “The gods have between actual output and output at full
made him angry” and saying “He has the capacity.
gene for anger.” Both are ways of attributing a
matter of personal agency to some fateful and A) “Deflation”, like many economic concepts, is a
mysterious impersonal power. widely misunderstood and often misused term
A) Today, we regard this as a foolish and B) There are several reasons for concern and
primitive approach none of them are easy to control
B) Most people are likely to want to believe in a C) New technology is pushing down prices of
little of both goods and services around the globe which

should be good for most economies
C) Man has always struggled to change his
destiny and enjoy happiness D) Official consumer‑price indices often overstate
inflation rates
D) In fact, human behaviour is determined by an
inherited genetic package E) Inflation is equally misunderstood by the
majority of ordinary people
E) In the end, however, people have to figure
things out for themselves
258
MODADİL
38. ‑‑‑‑. The usual causes are unsanitary tools 40. Innovation has become the industrial
and careless manicurists. To protect yourself, religion of the late twentieth century. ‑‑‑‑.
check that the tools used in your salon are Governments also reach for it when trying to
sterilized before and after each use, either with fix the economy. In fact, around the world, the
heat or disinfectant. rhetoric of innovation has replaced the post
war language of welfare politics.
A) A lot of people in the health services
recommend nail care at beauty salons A) It is only later that people realize that any
special product constitutes an innovation of
B) One sign of an affluent society is that more the highest order
beauty salons are being opened throughout
the country B) One way to describe innovation is to explain
what it is not
C) With the growing popularity of manicure
www.modadil.com
salons all across the country, dermatologists C) Otherwise, innovation would have been hard
are reporting a sharp increase in nail to clarify and even harder to measure
infections D) Two centuries later economists are still no
D) In a hairdresser’s salon one can usually find nearer the truth
an experienced and reliable manicurist E) Business sees it as the key to increasing
E) It is usually felt that nail deformities must profits and market share
always be treated in a hospital
Test
41. For forty years or more, the pesticides used by 43. In an earthquake, the toll depends largely on 2
farmers all over the country have been blamed four factors. ‑‑‑‑. Then there is the type and
for the contamination of water supplies in quality of housing. The time of day is a further
Britain. ‑‑‑‑. This is the fertilizers that are important factor. Finally there is the population
being so widely used. The most important one density.
seems to be nitrate. Only half of the nitrogen
put into soil is taken up by plants. Most of the A) The first is the magnitude of the earthquake
rest gradually drifts to the underground water itself
table. B) All of these are entirely outside our control
A) Arable land needs to be fertilized regularly C) Of these only two can be controlled by man
B) Nevertheless farmers continue to use D) If only we knew when an earthquake was
pesticides in very large amounts likely to occur, we could be better prepared
C) Actually, pesticides should have been banned E) In these recent earthquakes, the toll of human
long ago life was needlessly great
D) More recently a new cause has been
recognized
E) Research is presently being carried out on the
harmful side‑effects of pesticides on humans
259
MODADİL
42. In the days of white rule, South African 44. Economic liberalization, which is itself a
economy suffered immensely from global vague term, occurs in various forms and
difference. Sanctions deterred foreign firms in many countries. ‑‑‑‑. With a few notable
from investing in the country. ‑‑‑‑. Since they exceptions, however, almost every country
could not easily operate abroad, they then in the world has been affected by this trend.
started to expand sideways. The mining In the industrialized world it was epitomized
company Anglo Tech, for instance, diversified in the goals and policies of the Thatcher and
into cars, newspaper and other enterprises. Reagan governments. Also, encouraged by
the World Bank and IMF, most less developed
A) At the same time, rigid exchange controls countries including India, Brazil, Argentina,
prevented South African firms from expanding and Mexico have made some movements
overseas towards economic liberalization.
B) Consequently, there was no foreign A) Indeed the movement towards liberalization
competition and this proved disastrous relates to the change in thinking in the
www.modadil.com
C) The crisis is not yet over and interest rates economics profession in the 1950s and 1960s
remain steep B) Even Vietnam has taken some small steps
D) In fact, South Africa desperately needs towards opening up its economy to the
access to global capital outside world
E) Actually neither of these expectations C) This policy recognizes the role of the state in
materialized the stabilization of a country’s economy
D) Next, however, is the question of the relation
of these trends to the overall global processes
of economic development and social
modernization
E) It is, therefore, difficult, if not impossible, to
produce a list of countries that can be said to
have fully liberalized
Test
2 45. D.H. Lawrence differed in many ways from 47. Despite technological improvements which
his contemporaries. In particular he wrote allow exploration to proceed rapidly, it is no
with more urgency and intensity than most. simple matter to obtain oil from undersea
‑‑‑‑. This is in keeping with his subject matter fields. Prospecting must be followed by the
which is so often the dreams and aspirations leasing of potential oil‑producing areas, and
of man. then by drilling to see whether oil is actually
there. Offshore drilling platforms must be
A) His subject matter is all too often the personal constructed most efficiently so as to withstand
relationships of opposite characters the force of waves, especially during the
B) In fact, there is a poetic quality to much of his season for hurricanes. ‑‑‑‑.
work A) Thus, the technical difficulties of far
C) He knew at first‑hand the hardships of a coal more extensive offshore operations do
miner’s life not discourage specialists in petroleum
engineering
D) It was the working class and its problems that
he presented most accurately B) Naturally, the search for petroleum has
repeatedly led geologists to sedimentary
E) Actually, he was somewhat of a rebel himself rocks under the seas
C) It is a fact that by no means all of the land
resources of petroleum have been discovered
D) Actually, off California, Texas, and Louisiana,
oil companies have drilled into the sediments
of the shelf and are obtaining oil
260 E) Indeed, winds, storm waves, fogs and the
corrosive effects of seawater upon metal
structures are the major hazards that must be
faced and overcome in offshore oil production
MODADİL
46. Mercury, which is the smallest of the planets, 48. National self‑reliance in disaster relief is
is the closest to the sun at a little more than a goal towards which all countries must
one‑third of the Earth’s distance. ‑‑‑‑. It was strive. However, international assistance
first visited in March 1974 by the spacecraft may be needed to provide locally unavailable
Mariner 10 which passed within a few hundred resources and skills for relief and
kilometers of it. The craft relayed pictures on rehabilitation. Many agencies, associations,
the two following passes in September 1974 groups and governments aid countries
and March 1975. It still continues to revisit affected by natural disasters. ‑‑‑‑. If properly
Mercury every 176 days. coordinated, international relief is beneficial to
disaster victims.
A) The relayed picture showed that the planet
has an approximately 59‑day rotation period A) The rehabilitation period provides an
opportunity for making major changes in
B) It is only recently that we have been able to health‑care methods, for during it people are
gain any accurate information about it receptive to new ideas
www.modadil.com
C) Mariner 10 measured a small magnetic field B) The arrival of unsolicited medical assistance,
at the surface particularly in the form of volunteer
D) Today we are in possession of vast amounts physicians, may be a persistent problem
of information about the planets C) A prominent disaster with high mortality
E) Clearly, it will take many thousands of years leaves orphaned children whose care may
to reach even the nearest stars become the responsibility of health agencies
D) Each has different objectives, expertise, and
financial support to offer, and over a hundred
may become involved in any single major
disaster
E) Funding long‑term projects from international
resources may prove difficult since many
organizations are reluctant to take on such
expenditures
Test
49. ‑‑‑‑. This is not true. Of course you are always 50. Paper is not a new invention. ‑‑‑‑. Much later, 2
free to create your own programmes. But during the Middle Ages, it was brought to
most people who use computers buy standard Europe by the Arabs. Then its use spread
programmes. Some get special programmes to America and to every land where people
prepared for them by professionals. Then all needed something to write on. The use of
that they have to do is to load the programme paper was further increased with the spread of
into the computer memory. reading and writing.
A) It seems that there is hardly a work place now A) Actually, it has a long history
that is not computerized
B) It would take a long time to list all paper
B) The computer has developed fast over the products
last few decades
C) It was first produced in China in about 105 AD
C) Computers now play a vital part in scientific
D) For a long time, paper was made by hand
research
D) People often think that if you use a computer, E) The word ‘paper’ comes from the word
you must ‘programme’ it yourself ‘papyrus’ which was used by the ancient
Egyptians as we use pape
E) Some scientists use computers to make
detailed models of complex systems
261
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
3 PARAGRAPH COMPLETION
3. ‑‑‑‑. Periodic environmental cues such as dawn
1. - 50. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, or dusk or the change of the seasons, regulate
parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için these clocks. There is scientific evidence that
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. matching clocks to these cues helps animals
live longer. Indeed, most researchers think that
1. It is an old wives’ tale that reading in the dark the clocks help animals co‑ordinate metabolic
is harmful or will weaken the eyes. With the and physiological processes for survival.
exception of looking directly at the sun, or
another very high intensity light source, one A) In the case of some insects, the biological
does not hurt one’s eyes by using them. True, clocks are never affected by changes in the
reading with insufficient light may tire the eye environment in which they live
muscles. ‑‑‑‑. Admittedly, the proper level of B) Biological clocks do not always enable
illumination for reading is the level which one animals to live in harmony with their natural
feels comfortable. habitat
A) Moreover, light from behind is ideal for C) Biological clocks allow organisms to
reading and any close work anticipate when to feed, mate, migrate, or,
B) Therefore, higher illumination can actually be in short, synchronise their activities with the
a disadvantage environment
C) On the contrary, one would feel more D) Some scientists argue that biological clocks
262 comfortable if the light were better disappear over time in populations raised in
an environment with no periodic changes
D) It may even cause headaches, but it does no
permanent damage E) Many people find it hard to adapt to a new
time schedule
E) In fact there are new, inexpensive,
high‑intensity lamps available now which
provide enough light
MODADİL
2. A simple idea could make flying much safer. 4. Want, neglect, confusion, and misery in every
Tests in the US have shown that cooling shape and in every degree of intensity filled
fuel before it is put into an aircraft prevents the endless corridors of the hospital. The very
explosive fumes building up in the fuel tanks. building itself was shockingly defective. ‑‑‑‑.
‑‑‑‑. For this purpose, an American company There were not enough bedsteads and the
has developed a system that cools fuels to –1 sheets were of canvas and very coarse. There
degree Celsius or below, before it is put into was no furniture of any kind, and empty beer
an aircraft. This is the ideal safety temperature bottles were used for candlesticks. There were
and almost completely eliminates the chance no basins, no towels, no soap, no brooms, no
of an explosion in the fuel tanks. trays, or plates.
A) Research has revealed that the fuel delivered A) There had been some delay in the delivery
to an aircraft before take‑off will heat up fast if of the medical stores sent out by various
www.modadil.com
the aircraft is in the sun European countries

B) The explosion of the TWA flight 800 off Long B) The structural defects were equalled by the
Island in the United States is thought to have deficiencies in the commonest objects of
been caused by a fire in one of the aircraft’s hospital use
tanks.
C) The authorities had taken measures to ensure
C) As an aircraft climbs, the drop in pressure that there would be an adequate supply of
draws more fumes into the tanks, and if this stretchers, bandages and the most ordinary
occurs safety depends mostly on the absence drugs
of a spark
D) Indeed, great detachments of the wounded
D) The US Federal aviation Administration has were already comfortably accommodated
since been looking at many ways of making
air travel safer E) The first signs of hope came when a fair
supply of the most necessary things arrived
E) The idea is to minimize vaporization, so that
there is no danger of an explosion even if
static electricity of faulty wiring creates a
spark
Test
5. When the Crimean War broke out, Captain 7. The creation of a single European state, 3
Gordon, who was to become famous in the towards which the single currency is a major
future as General Gordon of Khartoum, step, will serve only to further the scope and
was twenty‑one. Before the year was over, power of large corporations. ‑‑‑‑. Undoubtedly,
he had managed to get himself transferred the single currency will significantly accelerate
to the Crimea. ‑‑‑‑. Upon the declaration of the process of economic globalisation but the
peace, he was sent to Bessarabia to assist in consequences could prove disastrous.
determining the frontier between Russia and
Turkey, in accordance with the Treaty of Paris. A) Similarly, small businesses and communities
Upon this duty he was occupied for nearly two will have no voice in this corporate Europe
years. Then he was dispatched to China. B) Furthermore, the further away government
A) Throughout the war, especially during the drifts from the communities it is supposed to
siege of Sebastopol, he behaved with serve, the less accountable it will become
conspicuous gallantry C) The ongoing standardization of European
B) For the historian, the circumstances of culture, taste and regulations can only be
his tragic end, so bitterly debated, and so achieved with the unanimous support of all
controversially described, still remain a Europeans
mystery D) It is unlikely that ordinary people will ever
C) It was not in peace and rest, but in ruin and achieve access to the working strategies of
horror, that he reached his end the institutions that govern them
D) The news of the catastrophe reached E) It is, indeed, these corporations which have
England, and a great outcry arose called most persistently for a single currency
E) Indeed, he was by no means in favour of the

263
Government’s imperial policies in the colonies
MODADİL
6. ‑‑‑‑. The study found that the morale was low 8. Why are organisations important? ‑‑‑‑. The
among secretaries. Many of them claimed that working force, which means the bulk of the
they felt a lack of respect for their work and adult population, spends more than a third of
that they were not treated as full members of its waking hours in the organisations by which
the company’s executive team. The study also it is employed. The life of the child takes place
revealed that they were under‑utilised. to almost an equal extent in the environment
A) First of all, we have made a list of tasks that of the school organisation.
secretaries can perform in addition to the A) The answer is that organisations are
more traditional tasks of typing and filing important because people spend so much of
B) The changes we have made in the personnel their time in them
system of the company were in part the result B) The obvious answer might be that it is
of a study conducted about secretaries over a organisations that give employment to the
www.modadil.com
six‑month period workforce

C) In addition to the language education that C) Housewives are apparently less affected by
has been offered, the company is designed a organisations than working women in full‑time
training programme on office management for employment
secretaries
D) Influence processes can be specific or the
D) In upgrading office efficiency, managers also can be diffuse
play an important role by recognizing and
appreciating the work and career aspirations E) It is often argued that organisations have a
of secretaries profound influence on human behaviour
E) The questionnaire didn’t provide them with

any useful information
Test
3 9. The anthology has been edited by two fine 11. ‑‑‑‑. This, we assured, will enable it to become
poets, but the result is disappointing. ‑‑‑‑. more “efficient”. All affiliated sectors are
Further, the selection itself is overburdened by targeted: hospital care and other care
the need to support this thesis. services, ambulance services, care for the
aged, social benefits, and the highly‑lucrative
A) Each new anthology is, in a way, a new effort area of plastic surgery. Patients would
to reassess the past henceforth become customers, and hospitals
B) The bibliographical material, besides, is health‑care supermarkets.
correspondingly informative A) The medico‑pharmaceutical industry is one of
C) The selection also includes, besides old the world’s leading sectors and one with an
favorites, many delightful poems that have enormous potential for growth and profits in
been unfairly overlooked the new century
D) The introduction is without originality and B) Indeed to subject healthcare to the laws of the
indeed says nothing market can only lead to increased inequality

and tension in the country
E) The introduction is heavy and the thesis that
poetry has been fully “democratized” since C) After the privatization of telecommunications
World War I is overstated and postal services, it is now the turn of the
health sector to be opened up to competition
and eventual take‑over by corporations
D) The service sector, in which health‑care is
included, is as vast as it is undefined
264 E) For over fifty years, access to health‑care for

all has come to be regarded as a fundamental
human right in many countries
MODADİL
10. In certain countries, air pollution from road 12. In 1960 the US authorities declared cocaine
traffic kills more people per year than fatal car illegal and then prohibited its import. ‑‑‑‑. In
crashes. According to a study carried out in financial, artistic and political milieu in the US,
Sweden, traffic fumes cause lung cancer and it is regarded as synonymous with opulence
hence, a high rate of mortality. ‑‑‑‑. People who and distinction. Therefore, its desirability has
have only lived in areas of heavy traffic for ten launched a fabulous business known as narco
years are 20 percent more likely to develop the traffic.
illness.
A) At present, the US market almost wholly
A) On the contrary, the effects of the pollution absorbs Latin American drug production
caused by road traffic have proved to be fatal
B) Towards the end of the nineteenth century,
B) Researchers have found that those living cocaine consumption spread through the
in areas of high‑density traffic for a period upper classes of both Europe and the US
of thirty years are 40 percent more likely to
contact the disease C) In Peru, for example, the cocaine industry
www.modadil.com
occupies 15 percent of the active labor force

C) A lot of people are hospitalized as a result of and reports a yearly income of one billion US
accidents on roads and this puts a great strain dollars
on health resources
D) In spite of the prohibition, cocaine has all
D) Obviously, further measures are needed to through the century been much in demand
reduce air pollution caused by traffic, as well
as that caused by industry E) The US approach to the popularity of cocaine
is a classic example of the misrepresentation
E) Similar studies have been carried out in other of the real problem
countries with similar results
Test
13. The oldest direct evidence we have of life on 15. Venice was founded by refugees from the 3
Earth consists of fossilized bacteria in 3,5 Italian mainland. They were fleeing before
billion‑year‑old rocks from Western Australia. the barbarian invaders to the islands of the
‑‑‑‑. So we can deduce that the origin of life on lagoons, hitherto inhabited by a few fishermen.
Earth goes back even farther, to perhaps close At first the newcomers returned to the
on four billion years ago. mainland when the invaders’ force was spent,
but after the Lombard conquest they made a
A) Clearly, once conditions had stabilized permanent home in the islands. ‑‑‑‑.
sufficiently on Earth, life appeared very
quickly A) During the first three crusades Venice
developed its carrying trade and acquired
B) This fact does not help us to determine the commercial bases in the principal Syrian ports
actual age of Earth itself
B) From these small beginnings Venice rose to
C) These fossilized organisms are actually become the most powerful maritime state in
quite advanced and must have had a long the Mediterranean
evolutionary history
C) At the height of its power Venice held Crete,
D) The very fact that life appeared so late in Corfu and many islands in the Aegean
geological time suggests that it was not easy
for nature to achieve it D) Venice has a great number of interesting
churches, among the most momentous being
E) It is usual to assume that life is bound to arise the basilica of St Mark
whenever physical conditions are similar to
those of earth E) Important industrial establishments lie north
and west of the intricate harbor basins of the
city 265
MODADİL
14. ‑‑‑‑. Food can be protected from them by gauze 16. ‑‑‑‑. More than ninety per cent of the
covers, or the house itself can be protected inhabitants were primarily engaged in
by gauze. Further, householders should wage agriculture. The remainders were fur traders,
continual war against them with insecticide fishermen, craftsmen, merchants and
sprays. professional people. The last three groups
A) Those topics are all covered in great detail in were also likely to be farmers.
their book Good Health in the tropics A) The early settlers in America were faced with
B) Visitors to the tropics frequently catch a hostile environment and, hence, security
intestinal diseases was of primary importance
C) Some intestinal diseases are spread through B) The scarcity of large areas of good farmland
contaminated water and the lack of a large market for their
agricultural products forced the early settlers
D) In such cases anti‑malarial tablets are usually
www.modadil.com
in America to turn to the sea

recommended
C) The economic life of the early colonists in
E) In the tropics, great care must be taken to America was essentially based on the land
prevent food from being polluted by flies
D) The great period of colonial migration to
America was in the 18th rather than 17th
century
E) Though African slaves were imported early
into Virginia, it was not until the 18th century
that their number increased dramatically
Test
3 17. A network of roads linked cities in Babylonia. 19. Every volcano has its own geology and
Rivers and canals were spanned by bridges history. Indeed, no two volcanoes are alike.
or crossed by ferry and were themselves Hence, each needs to be studied separately
much used for transport. ‑‑‑‑. There were also so that its warning signals can be recognized.
rafts of wood on inflated skins which could The two volcano– watching satellites now
be dismantled at the end of the downstream orbiting Earth are simply not adequate. ‑‑‑‑.
journey.
A) Even so, once a volcano has erupted there is
A) Music played a large part in temple worship nothing man can do to stop it
and in the lives of the people in general
B) A volcano may be active, dormant or dead; all
B) The Babylonians were mostly a nation of of them are of interest to the geologist
merchants and were quick to open trade
routes C) For example, the Pacaya Volcano in
Guatemala began spouting lava hundreds of
C) The country retained its ancient civilization meters into the air two years ago
and cuneiform writing right on to Sassanian
times D) A system of six to eight such satellite,
however, could keep a much more effective
D) There was a vaulted building there which may watch on the world’s volcanoes
have housed the Hanging Gardens, which
were one of the Seven Wonders of the World E) It is the cracks in the surface of the volcano
that allow these hot gases to escape
E) Some of the boats used were flat‑bottomed
barges, very like those seen today on the
waterways of Iraq
266
MODADİL
18. Roof design varies with geography and 20. The simplest of the nutrients are the minerals.
climate. In northern countries they slope ‑‑‑‑. Its atoms are all alike. As a consequent,
steeply for quicker dispersal of melting its identity never changes. Iron, for example,
snow. ‑‑‑‑. On the southern shores of the remains iron when a food is cooked, when a
Mediterranean and in hot climates flat roofs person eats the food, when iron becomes part
are the common type. of a red blood cell, when the cell is broken
A) In temperate zones roofs do not slope so down, and when the iron is lost from the body
steeply as excessive snow is rare by excretion.
B) A well‑designed roof will carry rain water well A) The nutrients that foods supply are essential
away from the house nutrients, that is, they are needed from
outside the body
C) The upkeep of roofs of all descriptions is very
B) The body can make some nutrients, but it
www.modadil.com
expensive
cannot make all of them
D) There are usually pipes, too, to carry
rainwater to ground level C) The amount of energy a food provides
depends on how much carbohydrate, fat and
E) In factories, roof structures are very often of protein it contains
steel
D) Minerals are inorganic nutrients as they
contain no carbon
E) Each mineral is a chemical element
Test
21. The modern historian of Greece and Rome 23. Little was known in the past about the 3
bases his writings on a wide range of economic life of Hittite Anatolia. ‑‑‑‑. For
archaeological and literary material. He has example, we now know that the mining of such
no access to ancient archives, but certain metals as copper, lead and silver, and that the
imperishable objects survive, and take the metallurgical techniques used were relatively
place of the modern “official document”. well advanced. Among agricultural activities,
Many surviving Greek and Latin inscriptions sheep farming was the most common, while
carved usually in stone are official records of in some districts horses were bred. In daily
treaties of public expenditure or of decrees of life, bread and beer were the staple foods in
a monarch. ‑‑‑‑. addition to dairy products.
A) The Greeks were not the first to chronicle A) Evidently, regulations in the Hittite civil code
human events, but they were the first to apply protected farmers, and some prices were
criticism fixed
B) The earliest Greek writers, like Homer, wrote B) In fact, every Hittite subject, except the
epic poems describing great heroes and their members of the privileged class, was forced
deeds to assist in such public works as the upkeep
of roads and temples
C) As a pure storyteller Herodotus stands second
only to Homer among the ancients C) However, some facts about the Hittite
economy have been established in recent
D) And many others, recording the private affairs decades
of individuals, reflect meaningfully on the
social life of a moment or an age D) Hittite cities were well built with walls of stout
masonry
E) The origins and growth of Roman
historiography remain unsolved E) On the other hand, the Hittites had a
267
considerable reverence for the law
MODADİL
24. In a developed country, the demand for luxury

22. ‑‑‑‑. Such problems include damage to the goods expands rapidly as people’s incomes
earth’s environment, overcrowding and famine rise. ‑‑‑‑. Hence items such as cars and foreign
in developing nations, and transnational holidays have a high‑income elasticity of
disputes over oil, water or other natural demand whereas items such as potatoes and
resources. Illegal immigration and the flow of bus journeys have a low‑income elasticity of
illicit drugs across national borders are further demand.
problems. Americans can neither solve these
problems alone nor escape the consequences, A) Poor people respond differently from rich
should the international community fail to take people to a rise in their incomes
action for a solution.
B) The demand for basic goods, however, such
A) Global problems are increasingly likely to as bread, rises only a little, if at all
fritters the Americans security and well‑being
C) The reason is that producers and consumers
B) A large proportion of the national income of take time to respond to a change in price
www.modadil.com
America has accordingly to be invested in

security. D) The luxury goods of one generation are often
not regarded as luxury goods by the next
C) No nation has a greater state than the United
States in the result of today’s democratic E) Whenever there is a noticeable change in the
upheavals price of commodity one can expect a change
in the demand for that commodity
D) America must reinvigorate its economy, not
only to generate the resources needed to
sustain global leadership, but also to stimulate
global growth
E) The best way to ward off new threats to
America’s security and to international stability
is to support the spread of free markets and
democratic politics
Test
3 25. There are some people who are worried that 27. The new company manager has introduced
one day man will regret that he ever made a number of revolutionary changes, and he
robots. ‑‑‑‑. They also promise that within the underlines the difference between what used
next few decades we will be freed from all to be and what is, now. ‑‑‑‑. “Now we ask what
manner of boring jobs for the robots will do is required to capture an opportunity and then
them for us. either try to get those skills by alliances or
develop them internally to fit.”
A) A robot is any machine that can make
decisions independent of human control A) “Ambitious younger managers can always be
counted on to offer useful suggestions,” he
B) The UN Economic Commission for Europe says
predicts that there will shortly be as many as
290,000 robots in homes around the world B) “A new openness towards external partners
should result in valuable deals,” he says
C) Robots are going to be particularly necessary
in Japan as the number of elderly citizens C) “Divisional managers must think in terms of
there is expected to increase rapidly the group as a whole.” he says
D) The scientists, however, say they can D) “We shall have to introduce a great many cuts
guarantee they will be able to control their in order to reduce overheads,” he says
mechanical creations
E) “We used to start by identifying our core
E) Meanwhile, the technology behind industrial competences and then looking for market
robots is improving rapidly opportunities,” he says
268
MODADİL
26. Autonomous underwater vehicles are 28. Proposals to ban the pesticide DDT by 2007
small, pilotless submarines that can be have been dropped as it seemed likely that
equipped with sensors of various kinds and this would have an adverse effect on efforts
programmed to carry out observations within to fight malaria. ‑‑‑‑. Before that can happen,
the ocean. ‑‑‑‑. For example, the current quest however, the poor countries must be helped
to identify deep‑sea hydrothermal vents within to find and adopt suitable alternatives.
the Arctic Ocean cannot be carried out by Otherwise, the spread of malaria will continue
a piloted deep‑sea vehicle because of the uncontrolled.
dangers involved.
A) In some quarters, it is believed that DDT
A) In some instances, they provide the only is actually not as harmful as it was once
reasonable means to obtain the desired believed
information
B) It is still agreed, however, that DDT must,
B) They are being used everywhere to carry out eventually, be banned
work that is dull or dirty
www.modadil.com
C) The various countries negotiating to limit

C) It is not at all easy to manoeuvre heavy persistent organic pollutants were all agreed
equipment towed from a ship at the end of a on this
lengthy cable
D) Obviously, there are many safer insecticides
D) More traditional oceanographic tools have
also certain advantages E) The draining of mosquito breeding areas has
also been effective in the control of malaria
E) One such will prospect for hydrothermal sites
by crisscrossing the ocean above them
Test
29. Non‑lethal weapons could offer the prospect of 31. Glasgow is now the largest city in Scotland 3
a less violent world where lethal force is only a and, indeed, is home to a quarter of the
last resort. But not everyone welcomes them. population of Scotland. This, however, has not
‑‑‑‑. But the strongest objections come from always been the case. ‑‑‑‑. After 1707, it grew
civil rights protesters. at a phenomenal rate both as an international
port and as a major industrial center.
A) Non‑lethal weapons are typically given names
that make them sound acceptable A) The University of Glasgow is one of the best
in the country
B) Language is sometimes designed to mislead,
as is the case with “rubber‑coated bullets” B) The name probably means “dear green place”
which are steel bullets, the size of a marble,
with a very thin rubber coat C) There is a cathedral and other ecclesiastical
institutions in the city
C) The term “non‑lethal” is not strictly accurate
D) For a long time it was simply a market town
as any weapon can kill
D) Thus demonstrations can be swiftly broken up E) It is situated on the river Clyde and ringed by
and the voice of dissent silenced wind‑swept moorlands
E) One group to protest is the military forces

themselves who are not keen to exchange
familiar weapons for untried technology
269
MODADİL
32. In 1912, a German weatherman named Alfred

30. To open a newspaper today is to be confronted Wegener declared that all the continents of the
by an avalanche of ever‑worsening crises. ‑‑‑‑. world had once been joined together and were
In fact, the list is endless. now drifting around the face of the Earth like
A) Unfortunately, the larger institutions that giant rafts. At first, Wegener’s claim attracted
cannot easily be called to account, are little interest. ‑‑‑‑. When this still failed to
taking precedence over their smaller, more provoke a reaction, he brought out a second
ecological‑based competitors edition. That did it. Many of the world’s top
experts on geology gradually began to agree
B) The task of overcoming them seems so utterly with him.
overwhelming that most of us simply try to
ignore them A) A decade later, he died, and his mad idea
died with him
C) At the heart of our problems is an economic
system that alienates people from nature B) He published a small book on “continental
drift” in 1915
www.modadil.com
D) These range from global warming to the

extinction of a whole species, and from the C) But by the early 1960s, geologists were
destruction of cultures to rising job insecurity discovering evidence to support his theory
E) The need to provide our children with a sense D) He was right about continental drift but unable
of security and identity is therefore gaining to explain why it happened
importance E) Today, continental drift is regarded as a
science and is routinely taught at universities
Test
3 33. On December 5, 1952, Londoners received a 35. About seven out of ten fires are due to the
rude awakening. They opened their curtains to hand of man, either accidental or deliberate,
find out a choking dark cloud hanging over the one to products and processes of materials,
city: a corrosive mixture of fog and smoke and and the remaining two to defects in buildings.
gas. ‑‑‑‑. That week there were more deaths The most dangerous products in the home
in London than at the height of the cholera are plastics and rubber, which give off highly
epidemic of 1866. toxic fumes when burning. Videocassettes and
foam‑backed carpets are major culprits. ‑‑‑‑.
A) For some inexplicable reason the fog stayed
for the next four days causing an epidemic of A) The number of fire deaths has shown a
bronchitis steady fall in recent years, but the risk of a
blaze can never be ruled out
B) Indeed, air‑pollution had never been regarded
as a serious matter B) If a means of escape does not exist, these hot
gases develop a pressure on the walls of the
C) Even so, it was until 1956 that the Clean Air upper parts of the structure
Act came into force
C) When an opening is made to reach the fire,
D) Consequently, smokeless zones were the admission of oxygen causes these gases
established to reduce domestic sources of to explode
smoke, and in these only smokeless fuels
could be burnt D) Once air is heated, it becomes lighter, rises
and seeks escape through any openings that
E) Those four, dark smoky days marked a may be available
turning point in public and political thinking
about pollution E) Although the foam used in furniture is now
270 treated so that it is less flammable, it still
helps to spread the blaze
MODADİL
34. When tourists eventually start arriving in 36. For many centuries before the coming of the
space, they will need somewhere to stay. ‑‑‑‑. A first Europeans, Arabs had been trading with
three‑day stay at these hotels will cost roughly the island of Madagascar, and had established
£40,000, but they are confident the public will various settlements on the coast. ‑‑‑‑. During
be prepared to pay. the ensuing three centuries, sporadic attempts
A) They are hoping to produce a reusable rocket at colonization were made by both Dutch and
large enough to carry three people 100 km French, especially the latter. In 1642, after
into space and back the French had been in touch with the island
for more than a century, a French company
B) Scientists and researchers worldwide were was established to trade with the island, and
consequently trying to make space tourism in 1643 Fort Dauphin was founded on the
affordable southeast coast.
www.modadil.com
C) Orbiting space hotels have already been A) But in 1500, the island was discovered by the
designed by a Japanese construction giant Portuguese, and thus attracted Europeans
and a group of international hotel architects
B) It was not until the last years of the 18th
D) A notable reduction in prices finally opened up century that the island had been relatively
the aviation industry to the general public colonized
E) The problem is nor simply to launch people C) In 1840‑41, the French navy occupied the
into space but to see that they remain island Nossi‑Bé, close to the north‑west coast
comfortable throughout the flight of Madagascar
D) In the 18th century, French commercial contact
with the island was fairly continuous
E) Historically, the island had the status of an
overseas territory within the French Union
Test
37. In Japan, the brighter economic picture of the 39. Satellite tracking of sharks has at last put an 3
first 6 months of 2002 failed to carry over into end to a 50‑year‑old assumption about their
the second half of the year. ‑‑‑‑. This was no habits. ‑‑‑‑. Instead, they travel vast distances
doubt influenced by rising unemployment, all year round in search of zooplankton, their
which is now at a record high. favourite food.
A) External demand supported Japan’s exporters A) Our knowledge concerning the habits of
to some degree, but the domestic market was sharks has increased immensely during this
at a low ebb period
B) The year 2003 will doubtless be another B) Some assumptions never do get tested
difficult year for the Japanese economy
C) In this respect sharks are quite unlike whales
C) Recovery looks like being slow
D) It has now been finally established that they
D) This uncertainty gave rise to a cut in interest do not hibernate
tales
E) Such an assumption was easy enough to
E) Once global investor confidence returns, discredit
equity markets will, in all likelihood, start to
perform well again
271
MODADİL
38. There is a popular theory that suggests we 40. A recent survey carried out by the UK
only use 10 per cent of our brain, and that if lecturers’ union shows that almost a quarter
we could just find a way to tap the other 90 of respondents rate their academic freedom
percent it might be employed in the important as limited, poor or non‑existent. ‑‑‑‑. In 30%
question of how it works. ‑‑‑‑. A recent spate of cases, that pressure had come from the
of studies shows that all areas of the brain are organization paying for the research.
active when performing day‑to‑day functions A) Researchers in every sector know that they
and there is no 90 per cent that remains must get positive results into journals
untapped.
B) Most worrying is the results of this loss of
A) There are countless other ways in which the integrity on medical research
human brain is unique
C) Some researchers said they had been
B) Unfortunately, this theory has turned out to be pressurized to alter results, delay their
wrong publication or even bury them
www.modadil.com
C) We should also remember that other animals D) The public loss of confidence in science has
fire clever too, though in different ways reached serious proportions and must be
D) Another theory tries to account for the fact faced squarely
that we are suspicious of others’ motives E) Those with access to the truth are too often
E) This explains why, unlike other animals, we those with most to gain from avoiding it
are able to ignore the selfish dictates of our
genes.
Test
3 41. For many of the world’s crucial arable lands, 43. Germany is now the sick man of the European
the availability of water is the single greatest Union. Since 1996 it has averaged growth of
threat to yields. ‑‑‑‑. One way to ensure this is just 1. 1% a year compared with 2. 2% in the
drip irrigation which delivers water direct to euro zone as a whole. ‑‑‑‑. A country which
the plants’ roots. It is unfortunately, far more boasted unemployment of just 150. 000 in 1970
expensive than flood irrigation. may have 5 million people out of work by the
end of the year.
A) Actually, certain minor changes could greatly,
improve the efficiency of many of the world’s A) In fact, Germany, is the largest financier of the
largest irrigation systems European Union
B) Moreover, the monitoring of soil moisture can B) The figures show that Germany is still the
also be useful third largest economy in the world
C) Agricultural researchers are working to C) The country is richer per head than the EU
develop strains of rice that require less water average

D) In certain areas the food eaten by livestock D) For almost three years the economy has
comes from irrigated fields barely grown at all
E) It is therefore essential that less water is E) In the aftermath of the fall of the Berlin Wall,
wasted Germany did seem poised to emerge as the
new Europe’s unrivalled powerhouse
272
MODADİL
42. Zambia’s people have a literacy rate of 78%,

which is high compared with many poor 44. The fundamental characteristics of suicide
African countries. However, it has only one bombing, and its strong attraction for the
library, one university and no television terrorist organizations behind it, are universal.
stations. Its economy is very limited, with ‑‑‑‑. They guarantee media coverage. The
copper mining accounting for over 80% of the suicide terrorist is the ultimate smart bomb.
country’s foreign currency intake. ‑‑‑‑.
A) By any measure 2000 was an astonishing
A) Even so, in 2001, its president, Chiluba, year for Israel in terms of suicide bombings
contemplated changing the constitution to
allow him to run for another presidential term B) The early years of suicide terrorism were in
many ways simpler
B) In fact, it has an annual industrial growth rate
of only 1 percent C) Suicide bombing initially seemed the
desperate act of lone individuals
C) Early humans inhabited present‑day Zambia
two million years ago D) A person wearing a bomb is far more
dangerous than a timed device left to explode
D) In 1972, Kenneth Kaunda, the first president in a marketplace
www.modadil.com
of the country, outlawed all opposition political

parties. E) They are less complicated than other kinds of
terrorist operations
E) In 1924, the British government took over the
administration of the region
Test
45. The United States contains more fat people 47. A new guide to the European Union has 3
than any other nation. ‑‑‑‑. Some nine million recently come on the market. It explains how
Americans are now “morbidly obese”, the EU has developed and what the single
meaning roughly a hundred pounds or more market means for business. ‑‑‑‑. No other
overweight. guide deals so comprehensively with how the
EU operates and why.
A) Sixty‑four per cent of American adults
are presently overweight, as opposed to A) It thus gives a complete overview of all the
forty‑seven per cent in 1980 problems now facing the EU
B) Obesity may soon surpass both hunger B) These are all ideas that have influenced the
and infectious disease as the world’s most approach to business management
pressing public‑health problem
C) Forecasting techniques similarly receive
C) In parts of the developing world, slimness has detailed attention
supplanted plumpness as a mark of social
status and sexual desirability D) New financial markets have recently become
available
D) Pockets of obesity can be found in
underdeveloped countries, particularly in E) Further, it discusses the implications
urban areas of monetary and economic union since
Maastricht
E) In 2000, for the first time in history, the
number of overweight people in the world
matched the number of underweight people.
273
MODADİL
46. Art forgery is an interesting occurrence. ‑‑‑‑. 48. In the United States, in the two years since
For the imitation to succeed in fooling us, it September 11th, 2001, we have had to become
must resemble one or more things that we accustomed to an array of new and previously
have been led to believe are originals. Without inconceivable security measures. ‑‑‑‑. With
something to mimic, the fake could not exist. every new threat to international security, we
A) Moreover, notions of what constitutes value in become more willing to live with stringent
a work of art are notably subjective precautions, and our everyday life becomes
more restricted.
B) Since it relies on camouflage and deception, it
is an act that is both daring and self‑denying A) They are accepted because we feel more
vulnerable than before
C) Similarly, no one can motive directs a forger’s
actions B) Terrorism is meant to produce psychological
affects that reach far beyond the immediate
D) Indeed, the first recorded case of art forgery victims of the attack
involved Albreicht Dürer and an Italian artist of
C) America’s enemies are marshalling their
www.modadil.com
his time
resources to continue the struggle that
E) Two and a half centuries of classical‑art crystallized on September 11th
scholarship have given experts an array of
reliable tools with which to assess forgery D) No society, least of all the United States, can
regard itself as immune from the threat of
terrorism
E) Most people in the world believe that their
governments and security forces will protect
them for terrorist attacks
Test
3 49. All living things are composed of cells which 50. From the beginning, my little daughter always
have a basic similarity of structure. ‑‑‑‑. In fact, wanted to play with dolls; nothing else
man also does. Actually, some living things interested her.‑‑‑‑. Usually she would play with
remain as single cells for as long as they live. them, but only out of politeness. She always
fitted in with other children. But she found
A) The cellular life processes are controlled by no pleasure in guns or, indeed, in anything
code molecules boyish.
B) In each cell there are molecules A) Some little girls, however, are not so
C) Code molecules are responsible for the interested in dolls
growth and development of every living B) Other children occasionally wanted her to play
organism with toy guns when she went to play in their
D) Most plants and animals begin life as a single houses
cell
C) Boys, on the whole, want guns and like to

E) A number of new discoveries have been play war games
related to cells D) Her mother was delighted; she didn’t want
any war toys in the house
E) She also spent a lot of time drawing
274
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
IRRELEVANT SENTENCES 1
4. (I) Large quantities of ice have been found on
1. - 30. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla Mars. (II) This raises the prospect of a manned
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü expedition to the Red Planet. (Ill) So far, manned
bozan cümleyi bulunuz. expeditions to Mars have been prevented by
the difficulty in carrying enough water to support
1. (I) The cheetah is the fastest moving of all the land a crew. (IV) But if melted, the ice on Mars may
animals. (II) The cheetah usually prefers to hunt provide not just water but also oxygen, electricity
alone, but the males sometimes hunt in packs. (Ill) and hydrogen for rocket fuel cells as well. (V)
It is capable of reaching a speed of 70 kilometres In fact, the surface of Mars is marked by what
an hour in just 2 seconds. (IV) When in pursuit of appears to be dried‑up shorelines, canyons and
prey it can travel at a speed of 100‑127 kilometres lakes.
an hour. (V) Moreover, it can keep up this speed
for between 200 and 600 metres. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
275
2. (I) It is now nearly 40 years since President John 5. (I) For the first time a parachute has saved a light
F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. aircraft from disaster. (II) The incident concerned a
MODADİL
(II) Yet the events of that fateful day remain Cirrus SR 22 aircraft. (Ill) When one part of a wing
the subject of much controversy. (Ill) Was the fell off, the pilot released the single‑prop plane’s
suspect, Lee Harvey Oswald, a lone assassin? novel built‑in rescue parachute. (IV) However, the
(IV) Actually, Dallas is the most fascinating city of plane landed in a clump of trees near Houston. (V)
Texas. (V) Or was the murder the result of a major With its aid he was able to achieve an injury‑free
conspiracy? crash landing.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
www.modadil.com
3. (I) Sir Walter Raleigh was an outstanding example 6. (I) California is famous for crazy ideas. (II) Indeed,
of the versatile Renaissance man. (II) Though he Californians value crazy ideas, and their inventive
was a famous seaman, his real importance lies in spirit has done much to change the world. (Ill)
other accomplishments. (Ill) As the Renaissance Television, the laser, and human insulin were all
developed in Italy and other European countries, ideas developed in California. (IV) Sometimes
it began to take on added dimensions. (IV) He one is surprised at what succeeds and indeed
was a poet, a musician, a scientist, a historian, an becomes popular. (V) And, indeed, so was the
explorer and even a pirate. (V) He also took an seedless watermelon.
active part in the colonization of America. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Test
1 7. (I) This book gives a history of man’s exploration 11. (I) The problem with electric guitars is that,
of space. (II) It starts with the first observations from the point of view of sound, they cannot
of the ancient Greeks. (Ill) And so it makes us be improved. (II) At schools children should be
wonder about how our life began on earth. (IV) It encouraged to play the guitar. (Ill) They can be
then moves on to the invention of the telescope in decorated and made to look better. (IV) They can
1608 and the new knowledge it made available. be made lighter and easier to play. (V) But they
(V) It ends with the wonder of 15 January 1996 cannot be made to sound any better.
when the Hubble Space Telescope revealed many
“new” galaxies. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Irrelevant Sentences
8. (I) Robot toys, which have to be treated like living 12. (I) Kiev is one of the most historic cities of the
things, not like machines, are already being Ukraine. (II) It is both a busy river port and a major
produced. (II) In Japan, for instance, robot cats will railway junction. (Ill) Despite its rapid growth
very soon be on the market. (Ill) In fact, robotics is during the 19th century, it still reveals many signs
the science mainly concerned with the design and of its long and rich history. (IV) The old citadel
still stands in the medieval centre of the city. (V)
276 construction of robots. (IV) These cats are very
Nearby is also a famous cathedral that dates back
affectionate and they purr with pleasure when they
are petted. (V) If they feel neglected, however, to the Middle Ages.
they let their owner know they are displeased. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
MODADİL
9. (I) Be sure to go to the new exhibition at the Naval 13. (I) Originally, the Japanese learned how to paint
Museum. (II) Personally, I’ve never been very from the Chinese. (II) However, over the centuries,
interested in the sea and ships. (Ill) The exhibits Japanese painting soon developed characteristics
range from primitive rafts to a submarine from of its own to suit its own environment and
World War II. (IV) There are lots of paintings of traditions. (Ill) Symbolism rather than realism
boats and ships, many of which are very old. (V) became the most striking feature of this painting.
There are also beautifully made models of some (IV) Japanese and Chinese painters alike often
of the most famous historic ships. choose to work in black and white only. (V) The
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V typical Japanese representation of nature, for
instance, was symbolic rather than realistic.
www.modadil.com
10. (I) Louisa May Alcott wrote Little Women at the

request of her publisher, Mr Niles. (II) Niles himself 14. (I) After the conquest of Istanbul in 1453 many
was not impressed by the story she wrote. (Ill) splendid mosques were built in that city. (II)
However, his niece and some other young girls The inner walls of these mosques were mostly
were. (IV) So, with some doubt in his mind, he decorated with tiles made in İznik. (Ill) Decorative
decided to publish it, and it was an immediate best tile work was invented in the Near East as a
seller. (V) However, Little Women is a children’s protection for walls of sun‑dried brick. (IV) These
book about real life; it is not a fairy tale. were painted in rich colours on a white ground. (V)
The patterns were floral and arabesque, similar to
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V those used on the pottery also made there.
Test
15. (I) Most students probably regard mathematics 19. (I) There is nothing unusual about a single 1
as the most difficult course they take. (II) This is language dying. (II) Communities have come
largely because they think it is difficult or have and gone throughout history, and with them their
been told that it is. (Ill) In fact, it really isn’t difficult languages. (Ill) The Hittite language, for example,
at all. (IV) In order to learn mathematics one died out when its civilisation disappeared. (IV)
simply needs to concentrate and practise the Small communities in isolated areas can easily
materials. (V) The mathematics classes of good be wiped out by earthquakes, hurricanes and
modern schools are very different from the classes other disasters. (V) Yet, in comparison with what
of thirty or forty years ago. happened in the past, what is happening today
is extraordinary, for the cultural and linguistic
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V diversity of the world is everywhere under threat.
16. (I) Thermal pollution often occurs when factories 20. (I) Operations that were not even dreamed of fifty
use water from rivers and lakes to cool their years ago are now being carried out successfully.
machinery. (II) In the process, of course, the water (II) Due to the spread of diseases, hospitals are
is heated. (Ill) This heated water is then returned getting more and more crowded. (Ill) For instance,
to the environment. (IV) New and better methods the heart can be safely opened and its valves
of preventing thermal pollution must be found. repaired. (IV) Blocked blood vessels can be 277
(V) But heated water holds less dissolved oxygen cleaned out. (V) The whole stomach, even, can be
than cool water, so plants and animals that use removed without causing serious problems.
this water may die from oxygen starvation.
MODADİL
21. (I) Homer designed his tale in the form of a tree.

17. (I) The work of oceanographers is extremely (II) The principal plot forms the trunk of the tree,
varied. (II) They study fish and marine life in and many stories branch off from the trunk. (III)
general. (Ill) They also explore ocean bottoms Some of these stories are only the portrayal of
to learn how they were formed and what they principal characters. (IV) Homer is supposed to
are made of. (IV) Further, they study currents have written both The Odyssey and The Iliad. (V)
and tides and the effects of ocean pollution. (V) The others describe various incidents related to
Actually, it is not only the seas that have become the main theme.
polluted, but also rivers and lakes.
www.modadil.com
22. (I) In sixteenth‑century England, the theatre was

18. (I) Antarctica appears to be warming faster a very popular form of entertainment. (II) In many
than anywhere else on the planet. (II) The ice is ways it was different from the theatre of our time.
melting, and the winters are markedly warmer. (Ill) Shakespeare, who was the leading dramatist
(Ill) Indeed, industrial pollution is a major threat to of the time, is still regarded as one of the world’s
the wild life. (IV) Grass is now beginning to push greatest. (IV) For one thing, the theatre had no
up through what was frozen wasteland just a few roof, and plays were acted with no setting. (V)
years ago. (V) Yet, this warming in Antarctica is Performances were given in the afternoons, and
causing problems for the penguins, the natives of had to be cancelled if the weather was bad.
the continent.
Test
1 23. (I) The year 1666 was the year of the great fire of 27. (I) Biologists have made various studies of living
London. (II) There is very little agreement among organisms. (II) First of all, they have classified
historians as regards the population of London them on the basis of their structure. (III) They have
at the time. (Ill) The houses were all made of divided them into two classes, the single‑celled
wood, so they burned easily and there was a organisms and the many‑celled organisms. (IV) In
wind to fan the flames. (IV) So, despite all efforts almost all plants and animals, the individual cells
to put it out, the fire raged for four days. (V) At have different functions. (V) For instance, bacteria
the end, thousands of the Londoners were made and algae are single‑celled, while insects, fish and
homeless. the flowering plants are many‑celled.
28. (I) Cyclones are a constantly recurring fact of life

in Bangladesh. (II) But the one that hit the country
24. (I) Dr. Johnson will always be remembered for on 29 April 1991 was the worst for a decade. (III)
producing the first serious dictionary of the English However, controlling the flow of water can reduce
language. (II) In 1747 he published the Plan of the risk of floods. (IV) Within hours, 130 000
his Dictionary. (Ill) The age in which he lived is people were dead and four million people were
reflected in his writings. (IV) According to this plan, homeless. (V) Conditions were so bad that, only
278 he hoped to complete the work in three years. a week after the cyclone, many felt that the dead,
(V) Actually, however, it took him seven years to not the living, were the fortunate ones.
compile his dictionary.
MODADİL
29. (I) It is common for a liquid to turn into a vapour

25. (I) Myths were originally created as entertaining when heated. (II) It is less common for a solid
stories with a serious purpose. (II) The best‑known substance to turn directly into a vapour without
of the mythologies in the world is the Greek ever going through a liquid stage. (III) The best
mythology. (Ill) They have two main aims. (IV) known example of this latter process is solid
One is to explain the nature of the universe. (V) carbon dioxide, which has the appearance of
The other is to instruct members of the community cloudy ice. (IV) When this is heated, it doesn’t turn
in the attitudes and behaviour necessary to to liquid but to gas. (V) Actually, nuclear reactions
function successfully. involving certain substances are highly complex
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V and unpredictable.
www.modadil.com
26. (I) When rainfall occurs regularly, the moisture

of the surface soil is maintained in a constant 30. (I) In the universe, hydrogen is apparently the
condition. (II) In some countries irrigation can be most abundant of all the elements. (II) For
costly. (III) This is made possible by the downward example, analysis of the light emitted by stars
movement of water through the soil. (IV) However, indicates that most stars are predominantly
during periods of drought the surface soil became hydrogen. (III) Moleculer hydrogen is the lightest
very dry, its moisture having evaporated into the of all gases. (IV) Similarly, of the sun’s mass,
air. (V) On the whole, this is not harmful since approximately 90% is hydrogen. (V) However,
within two to three inches of the surface moist soil hydrogen is much less abundant on the earth.
can still be found.
Test
4. (I) An interesting development of recent times
1. - 50. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla in the world of literature has been the revival of
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü the short story. (II) For three decades or more,
bozan cümleyi bulunuz. this genre had really gone into a decline. (III)
Magazines, in order to survive at all, found it
1. (I) Female literacy and infant mortality are closely increasingly necessary to publish non‑fiction, not
related. (II) One principal cause is increased fiction. (IV) Of these, Oscar Wilde’s stories were
access to programs. (III) As the former goes up maybe the most popular of all. (V) Moreover
the latter comes down. (IV) Among the poorest book publishers would only consider short story
countries, women’s literacy has improved from 8 collections if the author already had a substantial
percent in 1970 to 24 percent in 1990. (V) There success as a novelist.
has been a corresponding fall in infant mortality.
279
2. (I) Charties cathedral is the medieval equivalent
of the modern effort to put a man on the moon. 5. (I) Few people are enamored of the English
(II) The medieval peasants who gazed at it must weather, but G.K. Chesterton is. (II) Out of
have been overwhelmed by a feeling of curiousity. England the weather is a series of obvious
(III) Both represent the perfect combination of contrasts. (III) He sees it as being as beautiful
individual achievement and group cooperation. and as changeable as a woman. (IV) He also
makes the interesting point that English landscape
MODADİL
(IV) The space program would never have got off

the ground without von Braun’s discoveries in the painters make the weather the subject of their
field of jet population. (V) Similarly, the arches of paintings. (V) Their European counterparts, on the
Charties would never have scared if an unknown other hand, only use it to give atmosphere.
French architect hadn’t devised a system of A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
buttresses to suspend a two‑ton block of stone
120 feet in the air.
3. (I) Tidiness means keeping things out of sight 6. (I) With only minor exceptions, public education
www.modadil.com
and yet available when wanted. (II) It implies in the United States is committed to twelve years
that there is a special place for everything. (III) In of schooling for all the children of all the people.
some households half the living‑room is usually (II) In the first year potential truck drivers and
treated as storage space. (IV) It also implies that janitors sit alongside embryo research physicists
each thing used finds its way back to its place by and journalists. (III) This is also true of the twelfth
a continuous process. (V) The process depends, year. (IV) In most schools, moreover, they use the
however, upon the drawer, cupboard and storage same textbooks, and are marked on the same
space being provided. standards. (V) In fact, certain elements of the
learning situation cannot be reproduced at all.
Test
2 7. (I) Chemistry is the science of the elements and 10. (I) In the early 1900s, various film production
their compounds. (II) It is concerned with the laws companies appeared in the United States and
of their combination and behaviour under different entered into fierce competition with each other.
conditions. (III) This term is usually restricted to (II) It was in the late 1920s, however, that the
mean the use in war or poisonous gases. (IV) golden era of Hollywood really began. (III) Many
It had its roots in alchemy and has gradually companies then created stars still popular and
developed into a science of vast magnitude famous today. (IV) Financial problems became
and importance. (V) Its major fields are organic even more pressing during the depression years.
chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and physical (V) Among these, the best known and most
chemistry. famous of all was, of course, Charles Chaplin.
8. (I) Racism is the doctrine that one race is 11. (I) Delecroix’s paintings fall into three distinct
280 inherently superior or inferior to others. (II) It has groups. (II) One must also be reminded that he
no connection whatever with the study of race as was keen on music, and often spoke of his palette
a concept. (III) Moreover, it is not concerned with as though it were a scale on which he composed
the investigation of racial differences which is a harmonies. (III) There are his portraits, remarkable
science practiced by the physical anthropologists. for their astonishing psychological perception.
(IV) Racism is simply a vulgar superstition (IV) Then there are his historical pieces, large
believed in by the ignorant of the mentally ambitious subjects drawn from the romantic
unbalanced. (V) Today in the world anti‑Semitism literature for which he had so much sympathy. (V)
MODADİL
is not so widespread as it was in the past. Finally there are a few landscapes, of pure lyrical
content.
12. (I) On June 1977 the first free parliamentary

9. (I) The balance of payments has recently been a elections for 41 years were held in Spain. (II) This
serious problem especially in Eastern Europe. (II) was a decisive step on the road from dictatorship
The late 1950s and the early 1960s saw a decline to democracy, and in July the new two‑chamber
in British competitiveness. (III) As a result, the
www.modadil.com
parliament replaced the old “Cortes” of General

British share in world exports of manufacturers Franco. (III) Indeed, the most vital issue for
fell steadily. (IV) On the other hand, there was a the future of Spain was the separatist Basque
rapid increase in imports of manufactured goods. terrorism in the north of the country. (IV) The first
(V) Consequently, the balance of payments task of the new government and parliament was
deteriorated, and the country was heading the drawing up of a new democratic constitution.
towards a major economic crisis. (V) Also, in the meantime, a wide range of political
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V and economic reforms were introduced, and in the
1980s Spain emerged as a major economic power
in Europe.
Test
13. (I) While most early European immigrants to 16. (I) Writing in the 1930s, J.M. Keynes was mainly 2
America were farmers, many city dwellers came concerned with unemployment. (II) For him,
to the new land as well. (II) These new comers the question was why it persisted. (III) Since
were attracted to the bustling urban centres. 1945 the twin aims of economic growth and full
(III) Consequently, American cities expanded employment have been the primary concern of
enormously. (IV) The history of the United States developed countries throughout the world. (IV)
is filled with accounts of people who came from His own answer to this was that employment was
all over the world to settle here. (V) New York, determined by the level of output, and this was
for example, which had a population of only sixty determined by demand. (V) Therefore, the level of
thousand in 1600, grew to city of more than one employment could be regulated by managing the
million people in 1860. level of demand.
14. (I) As we live and grow we learn the culture of the 17. (I) From the fourteenth century onwards, 281
society in which we live. (II) Sociologists tell us especially in Italy, scholars, poets, and artists
that the most significant elements of culture that began to take a new interest in learning. (II) In
we must learn are values, norms and roles. (III) almost all the city‑states of Northern Italy the
While values are rather general, norms are quite power had been seized by certain great families.
specific. (IV) A collection of the norms connected (III) Instead of studying chiefly technology and the
with a particular position or activity in a society writings of the medieval philosophers, they now
is called a role. (V) History indicates us that turned to the philosophers and poets of classical
MODADİL
disagreements over vital political issues always antiquity and began to study them intensively.
create violent conflict within a society. (IV) The minds of men were now set free and
they began to think as they pleased. (V) This new
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V learning soon spread to the rest of Europe and the
“Renaissance” was well under way.
15. (I) Getting through a day without being exposed to 18. (I) By about 3500 B.C., there had developed
the media would be unthinkable. (II) Both directly in Egypt and Mesopotamia a highly advanced
and indirectly the media have a deep effect on our social and economic life. (II) Copper and bronze
www.modadil.com
daily lives. (III) What we eat, what we buy, what were being used though on a limited scale,
we do, even what we think is influenced by the and trading contacts with other countries had
media. (IV) Yet, the question is whether what the been established. (III) It is the opinion of most
media provides us with, can always be good and archeologists that civilization first developed in
revealing. (V) According to one study, 64% of the the Middle East. (IV) Many of these contacts
American public turns on television for most of its were with Syria, which, lying between Egypt and
news. Mesopotamia, had participated at an early date
in the general advance of material and cultural
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V development. (V) Moreover, Syria was endowed
with a number of resources that were lacking in
Egypt and Mesopotamia.
Test
2 19. (I) In 1965 when Mrs. Indra Gandhi became 22. (I) In general, the term “abstract art” is used to
the prime minister of India, she faced serious describe new movements and techniques in
political problems in the country. (II) For example, plastic arts in the 20th century. (II) The underlying
she followed a pro‑Soviet foreign policy and, principle of this art is that it is not the subject at all
hence, did not react against the Soviet invasion but form and color which really possess aesthetic
of Afghanistan. (III) In the first place, she had to value. (III) Apparently, we cannot disregard the
consolidate her authority in the Congress Party fact that vitality of art throughout history is closely
against the opposition from the Party’s old guard. bound up with some form of religion. (IV) Most
(IV) Also she had to deal with the terrorist activities art historians suggest that the impressionists,
in various parts of the country. (V) However, she especially Cézanne, can be considered to be the
took courageous steps in her rule and won a pioneers of this art. (V) Also, there are some who
landslide election victory in 1971. strongly argue that the origins of abstract art are
to be sought in the designs of primitive people as
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V well as folk art.
20. (I) To understand the British system of

282 government, it is necessary to appreciate the
23. (I) Throughout the Middle Ages Christian Europe
launched many allied expeditions against the
importance of the party system. (II) Naturally, Muslim rule in Spain to bring it to an end. (II)
parties exist to form governments, and in Historically the ancient palace of the Muslim rulers
Britain the path to this goal lies in the House of at Granada in Spain is called “Alhambra”. (III)
Commons, for the party which obtains a majority Originally, it was designed, built, and developed
of seats has the right to form the government. (III) into an architectural masterpiece in the 13th and
Since the 17th century, two parties have usually 14th centuries. (IV) Unfortunately, the stylistic
been predominant in British politics. (IV) Until the
MODADİL
uniformity of the palace was spoiled when in

1920s these were the Tories (the Conservatives) the 16th century Charles V turned part of it into a
and the Whigs (the Liberals), and since the 1930s modern residence. (V) Nevertheless, the most
the Conservatives and the Labor. (V) So far many beautiful parts of the interior, including the Court of
reforms have been introduced to improve the local Alberca and the Court of Lions, have survived and
election system. preserve their original charm.
21. (I) In October 1973 the Arab oil‑producing states

www.modadil.com
24. (I) It was Engels in 1844 who first referred to the

took the decision to restrict oil supplies to the Industrial revolution in Britain. (II) For him, the
West and raised oil prices. (II) The restriction of transformation of Britain from a merely agricultural
supplies was initiated as a short‑run weapon in country into a predominantly industrial one was
the Arab‑Israeli conflict. (III) Actually, it revealed of a revolutionary nature. (III) In the 19th century
a potential for obtaining higher prices, which had Britain colonized most of Africa and South East
not previously been exploited by the oil countries. Asia. (IV) Actually, the Industrial Revolution had
(IV) Most economists argue that the exploitation begun in the late eighteenth century with the
of North Sea oil has been a mixed blessing for mechanization of the textile industry. (V) This was
Britain. (V) Being aware of this potential, the soon followed by major technological and other
international oil cartel OPEC raised the price industrial developments that made Britain the
for a barrel of crude oil from 1. 75 US dollars in most prosperous country in the world.
September 1973 to 7. 00 US dollars in January
1974. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Test
25. (I) For almost 40 years, relations have been 28. (I) Michael Levey’s recently published book 2
frozen between the United States and Cuba. (II) Florence: A Portrait is a masterly survey of
This is mainly owing to the glaring differences Renaissance and post‑Renaissance Florence. (II)
between the regimes of the two countries. (III) His portrayal of this magnificent city is that of an
Many, on both sides, have ceased to hope eminent art historian elegantly at home in painting,
for an improvement in the relations. (IV) More sculpture, and architecture. (III) As one visits this
surprisingly, the recent papal trip to the island has principal city, a dilemma characteristic of postwar
had an effect in Washington, too. (V) Mr. Castro Europe is unavoidably insistent. (IV) He is at his
will not ease his grip until he dies; nor will the best especially when he is analyzing particular
policy makers in Washington be ready to lift the masters and sites. (V) In fact, it is fascinating to
American embargo against trade with Cuba. read his learned account of the achievements of
the great Florentines like Botticelli, Brunelleschi,
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V Michelangelo and the others.
26. (I) High oil prices helped Venezuela to emerge, 29. (I) They hadn’t expected to see rolling hills 283
two years ago, from a long recession. (II) Soon the dotted by family farms with herds of cattle
government launched a comprehensive economic grazing around. (II) Richardson County is in
reform programme, which was to be financed the south‑eastern corner of Nebraska, abutting
through the oil revenue. (III) Indeed, the flow of Kansas and Missouri and washed by the Missouri
money through trade could have enabled them to River. (III) It is the heart of the heartland, the
avoid taking unpopular decisions. (IV) However, American mythologized, in 1943, by Oscar
with the recent precipitous drop in oil prices the Hammersteint in the lyrics of “Oklahoma!” (IV)
MODADİL
economic situation has again begun to deteriorate. However, today, this part of the prairie America
(V) In particular, the government seems likely continues to possess very little of its pastoral
to cut down on the reform programme which it and traditional charm. (V) Unfortunately,
embarked on with high hopes. industrialization and reckless urbanization have
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V destroyed much of it and turned the place into a
wasteland.
27. (I) Some historians state that cannibalism did not

www.modadil.com
exist before 1492. (II) They would argue that it 30. (I) As recently as the 1980s, poverty rates among
was invented by Columbus. (III) Of course, this the elderly in Britain were more than double those
is not to deny that cannibalism was unknown in of the population at large. (II) Many experts and
the ancient world. (IV) It seems always to have policy makers contend that the problems of the
existed, or to have been said to exist, usually retirement system have often been exaggerated.
in “other” places. (V) It is true that the word (III) A great number of old people were largely
“cannibal” is a corruption of the Amerindian word dependent on the charity of their children and on
“Carib”, which means “bold” or “fierce”. local assistance programmes. (IV) Yet, by 1995
most of these people had improved their living
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V conditions. (V) This was partly due to the fact
that the country had become more prosperous in
general.
Test
2 31. (I) The Morley Gallery has once again caught 34. (I) Agricultural teaching in West African schools
the attention of the public. (II) Its exhibition invariably meets with apathy. (II) Even so,
programme is richly varied and focuses on the agricultural education is a necessity, but it should
less well‑known painters. (III) In the current be directed towards the farmer himself. (III)
exhibition, some of the paintings of Joseph He needs instruction in new techniques. (IV)
Hayward, a promising young painter, are on The majority of these students need a lifelong
show. (IV) The Gallery is located on the outskirts distaste for all forms of activity. (V) He also needs
of London, but within easy reach of the metro. information on new and profitable cash crops and
(V) Examples of his early work, such as a large potential local markets.
watercolour of a garden, are also included.
32. (I) A camera is now being developed that scans

35. (I) The main strategy of the war on poverty during
284 the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the
the 1960’s was to try to give everyone entering
human body. (II) The police, after all, never
do show any enthusiasm for technological the job market comparable skills. (II) Of these, the
innovations. (III) It may prove to be a great asset best mechanism for breaking this vicious circle
in crime detection as hidden objects ‑ which distort seemed to be educational reform. (III) This meant
that radiation ‑ show up as cold spots. (IV) It can placing great emphasis on education. (IV) Many
detect weapons and drugs hidden beneath layers people imagined that, if schools could equalize
of clothing. (V) In addition, it has apparently no people’s cognitive skills, this would equalize their
bargaining power as adults. (V) In such a system
MODADİL
dangerous side effects.

nobody would end up very poor, or presumably,
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V very rich.
33. (I) There are brilliant lawyers and dull ones, fast 36. (I) Since forests are cut down, many wild animals
runners and slow ones, good cooks and bad are finding it harder to survive. (II) Sadly the
www.modadil.com
ones. (II) However, when it comes to investment, range of the leopard, for instance, is but a
this human variety seems to disappear. (III) fraction of what it formerly was. (III) They are, for
Those who manage money and prepare market instance, no longer to be found in Europe proper.
analysis for companies are naturally well‑paid. (IV) Fortunately, there are instances of such
(IV) Numerous studies suggest that “exceptional” endangered species managing to re‑establish
investment managers simply do not exist. (V) In themselves. (V) In the Caucasus and northern
any given period each has no more than an even Iran there are still some, but their numbers are
chance of doing better than the market index. decreasing rapidly.
Test
37. (I) Roughly six centuries before Columbus crossed 40. (I) Fire‑fighting is presently getting a boost from 2
the Atlantic, Mayan society abruptly collapsed. technology. (II) Nevertheless, fire‑fighting doesn’t
(II) No one knows exactly why. (III) Scientists and rate quite so high in the list of dangerous jobs. (III)
historians have come up with various suggestions. With the new system, data‑base information gets
(IV) Other empires arose in place of the Mayan into the hands of the people on the scene. (IV) As
empire. (V) None of these are in any way original; a result, a fire‑fighter can immediately determine
they include overpopulation, disease, climate the location of fire hydrants, hazardous materials,
change and war. elevator shafts and electrical panels. (V) Further,
the planning of rescue routes has become quicker
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V and more reliable.
38. (I) Poverty is not primarily hereditary. (II) While 41. (I) The latest cause for concern in drinking water
children born into poverty have a higher than is aluminum. (II) It can occur naturally in peaty
average chance of ending up poor, there is still moorland waters. (III) More often it is added in the
an enormous amount of economic mobility from form of aluminum sulphate to water at treatment 285
one generation to the next. (III) In this way many works. (IV) Obviously, some countries in the
parents work to ensure that their children will world are not yet fully aware of the danger. (V)
enjoy easier lives. (IV) In fact, there is nearly as Water authorities do this because it removes tiny
much economic inequality among brothers as particles suspended in the water that can make it
in the general population. (V) This means that brown.
inequality is recreated anew in each generation,
even among those who start life in essentially A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
MODADİL
identical circumstances.
39. (I) Several months ago the Czech finance minister

announced that his country’s four biggest banks 42. (I) Boston High School is America’s oldest and
would shortly be privatized. (II) Even so a poll one of its finest public schools. (II) Actually, Boston
showed that almost half of the Czech people is a city with a large black population. (III) Sarah
www.modadil.com
opposed the new interest rates in the country. (III) Wessmann, who is 14, wants to go there. (IV) She
Since then, however, there has been a change applied last autumn and was rejected. (V) That
of government which naturally slowed down might have been the end of the story except that
proceedings. (IV) Moreover, a row over the value Sarah found she was one of ten white candidates
of one of the banks has further delayed the matter. rejected by Boston High School while ten black
(V) So has a recent startling revelation concerning candidates with lower scores were admitted.
loan policies in one of the banks. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Test
2 43. (I) Today the worst problem facing the government 47. (I) Heat stroke happens under unusually hot
of South Africa is unemployment. (II) This now and moist conditions. (II) In either case one
affects a third of the population and is rising should send urgently for medical help. (III) This
rapidly. (III) Actually, the end of South Africa’s is because the evaporation of sweat cannot take
isolation from the world meant that companies had place in an atmosphere already saturated with
to cut jobs to be competitive. (IV) Furthermore, moisture. (IV) The patient becomes burning hot
in order to meet the government’s tight deficit with a red dry skin and a fast, forceful pulse. (V)
targets, there are now cuts being made in the He may suddenly collapse and go into coma.
number of the public‑service staff, which makes
unemployment even worse. (V) In the economic A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
sector, the situation is even more hopeful, for
there has been a wave of reforms and mergers
among banks and insurance companies.
44. (I) For governments and institutions, disaster 48. (I) Archeological evidence has indicated that the
preparedness is of vital importance. (II) This earliest libraries were built by the Sumerians. (II)
is especially so in countries where the risk of All libraries are classified to facilitate reference,
disaster is real. (III) As disaster preparedness is a and the favourite system is the Dewey Decimal
multi‑sectoral activity, the functions and respective System, which divides the whole field of
responsibilities of each sector must be clearly knowledge into ten main classes. (III) These are
286 defined. (IV) In fact, few types of natural disaster General Works, Philosophy, Religion, Sociology,
can be predicted accurately. (V) Moreover, a Philology, Natural Science, Useful Arts, Literature,
precise division of labour among institutions and and History. (IV) Each of these main classes is
agencies, and detailed pre‑disaster planning again subdivided into ten main divisions. (V) Then,
will reduce enormously the adverse effects of a each division is marked by decimals within itself.
disaster. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
MODADİL
45. (I) In Brazil, as in much of Latin America, oil in

particular has long been a political symbol. (II)
This has been represented by the country’s 49. (I) What is coal? (II) How did it get into the
federal oil company Petrobras. (III) Consequently, ground? (Ill) Coal mining has always been tough
mismanagement and subsidized pricing paralysed and dangerous. (IV) Coal is the remains of plants
the system with debt. (IV) When founded in 1952, that died millions of years ago. (V) Prehistoric
it was regarded as an icon of emancipation from dead plants were converted into coal by chemical
foreign economic domination. (V) However, today changes over long periods of time.
the Brazilian government has taken serious steps A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
to end, through privatization, Petrobras’s oil
monopoly.
www.modadil.com
46. (I) Fish farming, which is practiced in many

countries, has developed into an industry in recent 50. (I) No one really knows how we learn to speak.
years. (II) This has made scientific research (II) Some people have disorders that affect their
into fish biology of vital importance. (III) Hence, speech. (Ill) Some think that we are born with
advances in disease control and in fish nutrition an inherited ability to learn a language. (IV)
are likely to be impressive in the years ahead. Others think that a child learns to speak simply
(IV) Fish farming has succeeded only where it by copying what it hears. (V) But one thing is
can compete with other forms of food production certain: children are born with a strong desire to
in terms of costs. (V) In addition, for most fish communicate with the people around them.
species, genetic improvements through breeding A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
have already been achieved to make the industry
profitable.
Test
4. (I) An international team of researchers has
1. - 50. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla finished a study of the spread of HIV in Africa.
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü (II) Safe sex education needs to be targeted at
bozan cümleyi bulunuz. women and men in countries like Kenya and
Zambia. (III) The results show that teenage
1. (I) The telephone has come a long distance women and girls in Africa are up to six times as
indeed since Alexander Graham Bell invented the likely to be infected with HIV as males of the same
first crude transmitter in 1876. (II) Today we can age. (IV) Their findings also suggested that the
place calls from automobiles, ships at sea and AIDS epidemic in Central and East Africa is being
planes in the air. (III) Using the phone system, we caused by older men infecting young girls, who
can fax documents around the world. (IV) Many then pass the virus onto their children. (V) In the
local telephone markets are still monopolized worst‑affected regions, up to half of all pregnant
by one company, but here, too, competition is women are now infected with HIV, and 40 percent
growing. (V) Soon we will be able to dial up of them are teenage girls who have had sex with
images of computerized data. men aged 35 and over.
287
2. (I) The collapse of the economies of Southeast 5. (I) It should be stated at the outset that it is the
Asia in the early years of the decade was later capable farmers with the best quality land who
followed by that of Korea, the classic tiger have generally benefited from all the government
MODADİL
economy. (II) What happens next in a region support. (II) Traditionally the farmers on the
that is now strewn with the wrecks of so‑called Malwa plateau in Central India cultivated a large
economic miracles? (III) This leaves Europe and number of unirrigated wheat varieties. (III) With
United States as outstanding mass markets. (IV) the introduction to this region in the late sixties of
The assumption that recession will spread in the electricity, and the technology for digging deep
region owing to capital flight and belt‑tightening wells, they were induced to change to irrigated
is most plausible. (V) This will deepen as foreign farming. (IV) Moreover, to develop high‑yielding
investors increasingly reduce their profile in varieties of wheat appropriate for irrigated farming,
southeast Asia. the government set up a wheat research center
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V in the area. (V) This was then backed up with
the organization of special training courses for
farmers.
www.modadil.com
3. (I) The first obvious fact about the mass media

system is that it is not controlled by corporations;
it is made up of them. (II) Many huge corporations
are active in the Third World and in the arms 6. (I) Once, when people dreamt, they dreamt of
trade. (III) Just as corporations do not control America: of its high wages, comforts, huge cars
the car industry but the car industry itself is and high technology. (II) “If only we could live
corporations, so the media is made up of large there or make our country like it,” millions said to
corporations, all in the business of maximizing themselves. (III) But no more. (IV) Today, only the
profits. (IV) Moreover, media corporations are not desperately poor, the deluded or the oppressed
simply businesses; they are also owned by even wish to emigrate to America or build their countries
larger parent corporations. (V) It is these parent in its image. (V) Lastly, the rate of demographic
corporations which influence and formulate the growth in America has shown a downward trend in
media policies and practices. recent decades.
Test
3 7. (I) All countries have a central bank, in many 10. (I) Bonnington is now Britain’s best‑known
cases owned and operated by the government. (II) mountaineer. (II) The book he wrote about the
One of the oldest of the central banks is the Bank journey was a best‑seller. (III) He is not, maybe,
of England. (III) The duties of a central bank cover as famous as Edmund Hillary, who was the first
the issuing of new banknotes. (IV) It originated man to have conquered the world’s highest
in 1694 when a number of businessmen mountain. (IV) But he was the first to reach the top
grouped together form a bank to raise a loan via Everest’s previously unclimbed South‑West
for the government. (V) This bank‑government Face. (V) This route had already been attempted
relationship continued to develop and in 1946 the on six occasions but on each occasion the result
Bank of England was nationalized. had been a defeat.
288 8. (I) As supplies of natural resources, prices and 11. (I) For many centuries most people thought the
so on change throughout the world, different world was flat. (II) As a result they presumed that
countries may find their area of comparative if one sailed to the edge of the world, one would
advantage changing. (II) One example of this is fall off into space. (III) Columbus postulated that
in the production of steel. (III) South Korea, for the world was round and that one could sail round
example, has become increasingly competitive in it. (IV) There were other great Spanish explorers
steel products. (IV) The consumer goods exported in addition to Columbus. (V) He tested his theory
from Japan constitute a similar competitive threat. and proved empirically that the earth was not flat.
MODADİL
(V) The result is, steel makers in Western Europe

are losing some of their markets to South Korea. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
12. (I) During World War II, submarines played a

www.modadil.com
9. (I) Solomon is traditionally regarded as one of the

wisest kings of ancient times. (II) By the end of his key role in all the world’s oceans. (II) In the
reign his subjects were extremely discontented Atlantic, German submarines began to sink British
with his policies. (III) His reputation for wisdom shipping far faster than it could be replaced. (III)
is not without foundation. (IV) As he inherited As a result, Britain came close to defeat. (IV)
a large and relatively peaceful empire from his The British air force continued to patrol the seas
father, David, he was able to concentrate on and protect shipping. (V) It was really only the
economic matters. (V) Soon he proved a genius at discovery of submarine‑detecting radar that saved
exploiting a number of major trade routes as well her.
as developing the copper mines south of the Dead A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Sea.
Test
13. (I) It was July 1789, and the Parisians were 16. (I) It seems that sprinters could get a bigger 3
excited to fever pitch by the summons of troops to boost on windy days than athletics authorities
Versailles. (II) For them, the Bastille had long been ever imagined. (II) Many of the runners found the
a symbol of royal absolutism. (III) Everywhere in strong wind very trying. (III) Up to the present,
the country similar incidents were taking place. crosswinds have always been ignored. (IV) A
(IV) So now they seized guns and cannons from physicist from the University of Toronto thinks this
the Invalids and marched against the Bastille. (V) is wrong. (V) He has calculated that runners could
As it was poorly defended this fortress passed into gain up to 0. 6 seconds with a helpful crosswind,
the hands of the mob in just four hours. which is a great deal as a race can be won by 0.
01 seconds.
17. (I) The larger a hall is the more difficult it is to
14. (I) Heraclitus, an outstanding figure among
the early Greek philosophers, was a native of
make the acoustic effects evenly good. (II) There 289
is also a greater likelihood of echoes. (III) Halls
Ephesus. (II) By birth he was an aristocrat, yet which are used for both speech‑making and
devoted himself to speculation. (III) There he music recitals have to compromise between the
founded a school lasting down to the time of Plato, requirements of each. (IV) Actually, the sound
who was influenced by his ideas. (IV) He is best heard in such a well designed hall is superior to
known for his doctrine of perpetual change and that produced by any stereo system. (V) Even
impermanence in nature. (V) Because of this different sorts of music require different acoustic
it is usual to contrast him with Parmenides, his
MODADİL
effects.
younger contemporary.
18. (I) Even India’s own information technology

15. (I) The provision a safe water supply constitutes has been hit. (II) Scientific research in India
www.modadil.com
the most significant step in preventing water‑borne is facing up to a brain drain with a difference.
diseases such as cholera. (II) Water for a (III) The financial lure of careers in information
community is of vital importance. (III) It is obtained technology abroad is creaming off more and
in various ways depending on local conditions. more of the talented young people that might
(IV) Surface water can be piped from reservoirs, otherwise become scientist. (IV) Addressing the
rivers or lakes. (V) Underground water can be Indian Science Congress last month the Indian
tapped by wells. Prime Minister referred to this problem. (V) He
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V said that the global demand for Indian computer
professionals was a challenge for Indian science.
Test
3 19. (I) Children vary greatly in the rate and pattern 22. (I) In modern international law, territorial
of normal development. (II) When a child does jurisdiction is of much greater importance than
not speak it is because he cannot, not because personal jurisdiction. (II) A sharp distinction
he is lazy. (III) Many factors are involved in has to be drawn between international law and
these variations apart from intelligence. (IV) national law. (III) Whereas the latter has its
For example, environmental factors play an sphere limited to the individual state, international
important part in development. (V) Nevertheless, law applies between entities endowed with
development does depend on a sufficient stage of international personality. (IV) This feature marks
maturity having been reached and so ultimately on off international law from national law. (V) In
intelligence. fact, essentially international law is the body of
legal rules which govern the relations between
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V sovereign states.
290 20. (I) Australia has much land relative to its 23. (I) My own knowledge of Jane Austen’s life,
population. (II) On the other hand, Japan has character and opinions depends mainly on her
little land relative to its population. (III) All other letters. (II) Some 150 of these survive. (III) Most
things being equal, one would expect countries are to her sister Cassandra and are really family
with relatively more land to specialise in products letters intended for the whole family. (IV) Her
that use more land. (IV) So one expects Australia nephew was to write a Memoir of his aunt, but
to engage in extensive sheep – raising but not he was old as he did so. (V) There are only a few
Japan, because the cost of raising sheep in Japan
MODADİL
written to friends, and these are the ones that

would be much higher. (V) Some developing reveal most about her.
countries, for instance, cannot, for technological
reasons, effectively compete with countries in A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Western Europe in the manufacture of clothes.
www.modadil.com
21. (I) Gregor Mendel was not the first plant breeder.
(II) He reported them and other findings at a 24. (I) The earliest really high buildings belong
meeting of natural scientists. (III) At the time he to Chicago. (II) They have a steel ‑frame
began his work, hybrid plants and animals had construction. (III) Louis Sullivan was the prominent
been known for a long time. (IV) His genius lay architect of this Chicago school of architecture.
in his ability to recognise a pattern in the way the (IV) More important, however, is the fact that
parental traits reappear in the offspring of hybrids. they are truly splendid buildings, with a vigour
(V) No one before had categorised and counted and sureness and character, that is all their own.
the offspring and analysed the patterns over (V) It is no wonder that similar buildings began
several generations. to appear not only in other cities in the US but in
other cities throughout the world.
Test
25. (I) The book furnishes us with some really 28. (I) In Egypt, with its proximity to the elephants of 3
fascinating information about hummingbirds. (II) the Sudan, the craft of ivory carving was carried
For instance, they can hover for as long as 50 to a high state of perfection in late predynastic
minutes at a time. (III) Their lovely colouring is times. (II) Remarkably realistic figures of lions
even then apparent. (IV) They don’t simply use and baboons still survive from this period. (Ill)
their wings in order to do this, but also their tails Even more remarkable are the statuettes of the
which they spread like a fen to give extra lift. (V) 4th‑dynasty. (IV) Even quite a small collection of
Hovering allows access to nectar but requires so ivory figures can be quite valuable. (V) At a later
much nectar that they have to consume one and a date the use of ivory continued in a rather different
half times their body weight in nectar every day. form; to provide inlaid ornamentation for furniture.
291
26. (I) The majority of existing robots do not look even 29. (I) All the main problems today are interconnected.
remotely human. (II) Industrial robots are now (II) These include, among other things, poverty,
in demand. (Ill) At least 750,000 robots work in environmental devastation, the arms race and
global industry, according to the World Robotics disease. (Ill) The reversal of one will nourish the
2001 survey. (IV) Japan is in the lead, producing reversal of the others. (IV) Indeed, poverty is
twice as many industrial robots as the rest of the only one of the reasons for these environmental
MODADİL
world combined. (V) Next comes the European problems. (V) Conversely, if there is an
Union, where Germany is the leader. improvement in one, this will be reflected in the
others.
www.modadil.com
30. (I) The big divide among economists is no longer

27. (I) Forests come under increasing pressure as over whether there will be a recession in America.
the population increases as so many people (II) A steeper drop in demand will now make
use firewood for cooking. (II) On the average, overcapacity worse. (III) The debate is now over
one person burns about a metric ton of firewood how deep it will be. (IV) Optimists say there will
a year. (Ill) Another result of deforestation is be a swift recovery. (V) If this does happen, it will
accelerated soil erosion. (IV) Because of this fuel be due to lower interest rates and a looser fiscal
need, forests surrounding communities have been policy.
slowly cut down. (V) As nearby trees are used up
for firewood, people travel farther to obtain wood A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
and the size of the deforested area expands.
Test
3 31. (I) Everyone knows that software is in and 34. (I) In this book on management, the author makes
hardware is out, at least as far as start‑up the point that most people are deeply and rightly
companies are concerned. (II) A software resistant to being managed. (II) He then goes
company has low manufacturing costs and can on to give an attractive solution. (III) The world’s
make good profits. (III) Mistakes in both hardware business leaders are too often motivated by
and software are easy to correct. (IV) For self‑interest, not by a company’s performance.
hardware companies the reverse is true. (V) They (IV) It is that the best way to manage people is to
have extremely high manufacturing costs and thin let them manage themselves. (V) This becomes
profit margins. truly meaningful when we are reminded that the
best performers are those who both know enough
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V and care enough to manage themselves.
32. (I) Norway remains aloof from the EU. (II) In 35. (I) Global inequality is not just about income. (II)
contrast to Norway, Swedish economy relies on It is also about education for children, access
292 multi‑national giants, not on oil reserves. (III) She to world markets, control of technology and so
sees it far more as a threat to her wealth than as on. (III) Nevertheless, the extremes of global
a potential partner. (IV) The other Scandinavian inequality are exemplified in a striking fashion
countries, however, are all EU members. (V) They in income distribution. (IV) Cheap labor has
are trying to persuade Norway to join too, but she undoubtedly aided economic development in
remains stubbornly resistant. many of the developing countries. (V) The richest
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 5% of the world’s people have incomes 114 times
those of the poorest 5%.
MODADİL
33. (I) In 1912, some of the top mathematicians in the

world received letters full of incredibly complex 36. (I) Global warming is bringing new arrivals to
formulas. (II) They came from Madras, India, from British shores. (II) Since 1980, 18 new fish species
a 23‑year‑old accounts clerk named Srinivasa have been caught off the coast of Cornwall. (III)
Ramanujan. (III) He claimed to have worked them As the water warms up, they feel the need to
www.modadil.com
out in his spare time after leaving school. (IV) It move northward. (IV) Since they are cold‑blooded
is an ambition one shares with lots of people, of creatures, they have to find suitable surroundings
all ages and backgrounds. (V) One of the letters in which to regulate their temperature. (V) Indeed,
reached Professor G. H. Hardy of Trinity College, between 1960 and 1980 no new species were
Cambridge, who soon realized that the formulas reported any where in the area.
were the work of one of the greatest mathematical A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
geniuses of all time.
Test
37. (I) A true partnership between developed and 40. (I) The Colosseum in Rome, which was the largest 3
developing countries could have achieved a and most famous of the Roman amphitheatres,
breakthrough. (II) Over the past half‑century the was opened for use in 80 A.D. (II) Even so, there
dream of a world free from poverty, disease and are others that are in better condition. (III) Elliptical
despair has grown no nearer to fulfillment. (Ill) in shape, it consisted of three storeys and an
In the 1960s, some 60 countries actually grew upper gallery. (IV) It was principally used for
poorer. (IV) Over the years, 30,000 children have gladiatorial combat. (V) As for its capacity, it could
been dying daily of preventable diseases. (V) seat up to 50,000 spectators.
Further, the spread of AIDS has become the most
deadly epidemic in human history. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
38. (I) The world’s population continues to increase. 41. (I) Aerobic dancing, which exercises the whole
body, is a popular type of exercise and is available
(II) And despite the rise in high‑tech agriculture,
at most community centres. (II) Stress aerobics 293
800 million people don’t get enough to eat. (III)
Admittedly, that’s often due to a lack of money ‑ primarily exercises the muscles in the upper
the world actually produces enough for everyone, legs. (III) There people can exercise at their own
at least for now. (IV) In many African countries, pace with guidance from experienced instructors.
famine has been a major concern for the United (IV) Lively music and familiar routines make the
Nations. (V) But by 2050 we will have 9 billion workout enjoyable. (V) Further, committing oneself
mouths to feed, 3 billion more than today. to a schedule and exercising with friends can
improve motivation.
MODADİL
39. (I) It will be a bad year for football clubs across

Europe. (II) Having met spiralling wage demands 42. (I) Sir Francis Gallon is an English anthropologist
and transfer fees in the belief that increasing and a pioneer of human intelligence studies.
television revenues would cover the costs, the (II) He made important contributions to many
realization that they will not, will lead to urgent fields of knowledge. (Ill) His research revealed
www.modadil.com
reform. (III) Clubs across Europe have been given important facts about the intellectual and
lucrative television contracts. (IV) Middle sized physical characteristics that are passed on from
clubs in England, Italy and Germany will be worst one generation to the next. (IV) Gallon’s family
affected. (V) At least ten well‑known clubs are at included men and women of exceptional ability
risk of bankruptcy. one of whom was his cousin Charles Darwin. (V)
He also discovered that characteristics of two
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V different generations could be plotted against one
another.
Test
3 43. (I) Never in Hong Kong’s history have so many 47. (I) For years, the scale of Colombia’s tangled
people taken to the streets in protest against their conflicts has dwarfed those of most of the world’s
own government. (II) Hong Kong officials have better known trouble spots. (II) The money from
tried to play down the event. (Ill) A top official drugs and other forms of crime and plunder have
responsible for security, remarked dismissively, allowed three irregular armies to flourish. (III)
beforehand, that people might join the protest Colombia stands at the strategic heart of a very
just because it was something to do on a public fragile Andean region. (IV) The result has been
holiday. (IV) Mr. Tung was anyhow unpopular and a heavy toll in murders and kidnappings. (V)
he had failed to revive Hong Kong’s depressed Moreover, some two million Colombians have
economy. (V) It was, in fact, the sixth anniversary been driven from their homes and farms.
of Hong Kong’s return to China.
44. (I) There are many types of mercury. (II) But the
most dangerous of all are the organic mercury 48. (I) A series of excellent vintages in 1990‑97
compounds. (III) Elemental mercury is used in put Californian wines on the world map. (II)
thermometers, and is the least toxic form. (IV) Just as the new vineyards started to produce
These are toxic by ingestion, inhalation or contact. viable grapes, the dollar rose making imported
294 (V) Since they are not removed from the body, wines cheaper. (III) The timing was exceedingly
their concentrations gradually build up, particularly fortunate. (IV) It was at this time that scientific
in the brain. research began to highlight the health benefits
of wine. (V) While at the same time aging baby
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V boomers began drinking more of it.
MODADİL
45. (I) Currently there has been a noticeable drop in 49. (I) People say it is easier to learn a foreign
applications for MBA courses in the USA. (II) If language when one is young. (II) After all, we
the economy picks up, the situation could change. all learn a language in our infancy without even
(III) This is partly because fewer people can afford being aware of it. (Ill) With this in mind, a lot of
the annual tuition fee. (IV) Partly also, because kindergartens try to introduce the children to a
new visa restrictions are making it harder for foreign language. (IV) One should not forget that
foreigners to apply. (V) But most important of all some people learn a foreign language easily while
one is no longer sure of landing a well‑paid job on others don’t. (V) In theory this is an excellent plan,
graduation. but the results have not been as successful as
one might have hoped.
www.modadil.com
46. (I) Italy has a sad record of journalists succumbing

to pressure from politicians and officials. (II) 50. (I) The Dutch painter, Vermeer, was born in Delft
Indeed, many of them are virtually bought by in 1632. (II) The contrast here between the trivial
powerful interests. (III) They find it hard to resist subject and the monumental design is disturbing.
the combination of temptation and pressure that (Ill) Most of his pictures show the interiors of
the government has as its disposal. (IV) Naturally, ordinary houses. (IV) The figures are usually
the country as a whole realizes what is happening eating or letter writing or music making. (V) The
and has no confidence in its newspapers. (V) ordinary scenes, however, are transformed by his
Corriera della Sera, which is based in Milan, is brilliant use of light.
Italy’s biggest newspaper.
Test
RESTATEMENTS 1
3. You can rely on Pat to give you any help you
1. - 20. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en may need.
yakın cümleyi bulunuz.
A) Should you require any assistance, you can
1. In my opinion, this last novel by Paul Wright count on Pat for it.
isn’t nearly as entertaining as his early ones B) If you need help of any kind, be sure to let Pat
were. know.
A) I suppose the last novel by Paul Wright lacks C) Pat could have given you all the help you
the humour of the early ones. need.
B) I much prefer Paul Wright’s amusing early D) Let Pat know if you need any help with this.
novels to his later ones.
E) Pat is the one to ask if you find you require
C) To my way of thinking Paul Wright’s early any assistance.
novels were amusing but his last one isn’t.
D) Unlike his last novel, Paul Wright’s early
novels, it seems to me, were all full of fun.
E) I think Paul Wright’s early novels were far
more enjoyable than his last one.
295
MODADİL
2. Let’s go shopping sometime mid‑week, it gets 4. She finally agreed to go with her little sister,
so crowded at the weekends. but was clearly reluctant to do so.
A) I always like to shop mid‑week as everywhere A) She knew she had to take her young sister,
is so crowded at weekends. but naturally she didn’t want to.
B) Why don’t we get this shopping done before B) It was obvious that she didn’t want to
the rush hour starts? accompany her young sister but in the end
C) I suggest we avoid the weekend and do our agreed to.
shopping in the middle of the week when it’s C) She couldn’t refuse to take her little sister but
quieter. made it clear she didn’t want to.
www.modadil.com
D) I find it impossible to shop at weekends D) She would have preferred not to go with her
because there are so many people little sister but at last agreed to.
everywhere.
E) She couldn’t promise to accompany her small
E) The best time to go shopping is mid‑week sister though actually she wanted to.
when it is usually reasonably quiet.
Test
1 5. Everyone will be extremely surprised if Mary 8. We have missed the early morning train to
doesn’t win the race. Istanbul; when is the next one?
A) It is doubtful whether Mary will win the race. A) If the early morning train to Istanbul has left,
when is the next one?
B) It’s hardly likely that Mary will win the race.
B) We were too late for the early morning train;
C) After all, Mary could have won the race. when does the next one leave for Istanbul?
D) It is almost certain that Mary will win the race. C) Did the early morning train to Istanbul leave
E) Mary thinks she is going to win the race. late? When did it leave?
D) If we had missed the early morning train to
Istanbul, when could we have got another?
E) As the early morning train to Istanbul has
been delayed, can we go another way?
Restatements
6. The rain continued for days and the 9. After the news, they’ll give us the latest
basements of most houses were flooded. football results.
A) It rained continuously for days and the A) After the last news programme the football
basements of nearly all the houses were filled results will be announced.
296 with water.
B) At the latest, we’ll be able to learn the football
B) The rain lasted for days, and floods carried results at the end of the news.
some of the houses away.
C) We’ll get the latest football results once the
C) The excessive rainfall caused flooding and news is over.
damage to the houses for many days.
D) The latest football results always follow the
D) Flood water poured into the basements of news.
MODADİL
many houses a few days after the heavy rains

started. E) The main news item is the football results.
E) Within days, the continuing rain caused
flooding which damaged the basements of
most houses.
10. Karen won’t take part in the end‑of‑term

7. By modern standards, the first supermarkets concert unless she really wants to.
were really quite small.
www.modadil.com
A) Karen cannot be persuaded to do anything at

A) The early supermarkets and the present‑day the end‑of‑term concert.
ones are quite different from each other, even
in size. B) Karen will only do something at the
end‑of‑term concert if she actually feels like it.
B) Present‑day supermarkets are on the whole
larger than the early ones. C) Karen is eager to do something at the
end‑of‑term concert if they’ll let her do so.
C) Supermarkets have grown in size since they
were first introduced, but their standards D) Karen will gladly perform at the end‑of‑term
remain the same. concert if only they’ll allow her to.
D) Except in size, modern supermarkets are E) Karen would give a performance at the
quite unlike the original ones. end‑of‑term concert if only they’d let her.
E) Compared with what we have now, the early
supermarkets weren’t actually very large at
all.
Test
11. I just can’t understand why so few people are 14. Sally made her own costume for the school 1
interested in this camping holiday. play, but she was the only one to do so.
A) I find it surprising that there aren’t fewer A) Sally was the only one who helped to make
people interested in such a camping holiday. the costumes for the school play.
B) It’s hardly surprising that so few people are B) Sally helped to make the costumes for the
interested in this camping holiday. school play, but no one else did.
C) Hardly anyone wants to go on this camping C) Sally made the costume she wore in the
holiday, which I find strange. school play herself, but none of the others
made theirs.
D) To my surprise almost no one was interested
in such a camping holiday. D) Except for Sally, no one helped to make the
costumes for the school play.
E) Apparently, a camping holiday appeals to
even fewer people. E) It was only Sally who needed a special
costume for the school play; none of the
others did.
Restatements
12. Brian is the most reliable person I know; if he
297
15. Most of the students had worked hard and so
said he’d help, he will. they did quite well in the examination.
A) I don’t know anyone one can depend on more A) Most students work hard before an
than Brian; he’ll certainly help if he said he examination and so do well.
would.
B) A majority of the students got good grades in
B) If Brian promised to help I suppose he will; the examination as they had prepared well
he’s generally very dependable.
MODADİL
for it.
C) Brian is more dependable than most people C) The students who do best in an examination
so I’m sure he’ll help if he offered to. are the ones who work hardest.
D) Brian is always a dependable person and he D) Quite a lot of the students did very well indeed
is sure to help. in the examination.
E) Brian is very dependable so I should ask him E) Almost all of the hard‑working students got
to help you. very high grades in the examination.
www.modadil.com
13. There is only one major difference between 16. The last time I saw my cousin he was only five
your plan and mine. years old.
A) There is really only one way in which the two A) I haven’t seen my cousin for five years.
plans are different.
B) It’s five years since I last saw my cousin.
B) Your scheme differs from mine in just one
important respect. C) The last time I saw my cousin was five years
ago.
C) Actually, both of our plans are very similar
except for one or two details. D) I haven’t seen my cousin since he was a
5‑year‑old child.
D) Your scheme hardly differs at all from mine.
E) I still haven’t seen my cousin who is now five
E) I have a plan that is different from yours in years old.
several ways.
Test
1 17. I used to play basketball several times a week 19. You knew I needed your help this weekend, so
while I was at university. you shouldn’t have promised to go out with
your friends.
A) When I was a university student, it was my
habit to play basketball a few times a week, A) You’d promised to help me this weekend, so
but now I don’t. I don’t see how you can agree to go off with
your friends like that.
B) It was during my university years that I got
used to playing basketball at least three times B) Why did you arrange to go out with your
a week. friends over the weekend while you said you
would help me?
C) I don’t play basketball now as often as I did
when I was at university. C) I suppose you’ve arranged to go off with your
friends this weekend because you didn’t want
D) During my university years, I started to play to help me though you had promised to!
basketball two or three times a week, but I
don’t any longer. D) It was not right for you to promise your friends
that you’d go out with them this weekend
E) It was when I was at university that I took up since you knew I had to have some help from
Restatements
basketball and played several times a week. you.

E) When you agreed to go out with your friends
this weekend, had you forgotten you’d
promised to help me?
298
MODADİL
18. As there was a great deal of traffic on the

roads, the journey took us longer than we had 20. This material is suitable for students of
expected. eighteen years and up.
A) There was a lot of heavy traffic on the roads, A) The material is suitable for students who are
so we had to go slowly. over eighteen.
B) In spite of the heavy traffic, the journey took B) The material may be suitable for students of
hardly any longer than we had expected. over eighteen years of age.
C) We were surprised at how long it took us to C) Students of eighteen years and over can use
get there as there was so little traffic. this material.
D) The journey was over fairly quickly D) Only 18‑year‑old students will find this
considering how much traffic there was. material suitable.
www.modadil.com
E) The journey turned out to be much longer E) All students, whether under or over eighteen,
than we’d foreseen, owing to the heavy traffic. can be given this material.
Test
RESTATEMENTS 2
3. The more he looked into the reasons behind
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en the failure of the publicity stunt the more he
yakın cümleyi bulunuz. was puzzled by it.
1. We really were spoilt by choice so had a A) He was naturally more concerned about the
hard time deciding which of all those superb effects of the failure of the publicity stunt than
pictures to get. with the reasons for it.
A) We could surely have come away with any B) The reasons behind the failure of the publicity
of those marvelous pictures and not have stunt he had organized are even now a
regretted our choice afterwards. mystery.
B) By some remarkable chance the picture we C) The most perplexing thing behind the failure
wanted had somehow got spoilt. of the publicity stunt is that no reason can be
found for it.
C) They had got together an incredibly valuable
collection of pictures for us to assess. D) A more in‑depth study into what caused
the publicity stunt to fail left him still more
D) The pictures had clearly been chosen after perplexed.
much deliberation and we were suitably
impressed by the whole fabulous collection. E) The failure of the publicity scheme was in
itself surprising but the reasons behind it
E) We spent a long time wondering which picture puzzled him even more. 299
to buy as there were so many outstanding
ones to choose from.
MODADİL
2. It wasn’t an easy situation to be in, but 4. The whole object of education ought to be
he handled it with considerable skill and to broaden the mind and so to equip it to
understanding. recognize and condemn narrow‑mindedness.
A) The issue would have got out of hand if he A) Education should aim at producing a more
hadn’t been there to control it. liberal way of thinking so that intolerance can
be identified and denounced.
B) The situation was an awkward one but he
coped well and in a fanciful manner. B) The main aim of education is to broaden one’s
experience and understanding of different
C) If the affair had once got out of control it would types of intolerance.
have been very difficult to restore order.
C) Through education one learns to regard all
www.modadil.com
D) The situation was brought under control forms of narrow‑mindedness in a spirit of

though the calm manner with which he dealt tolerance.
with it.
D) Education teaches us tolerance and
E) He took charge of the situation and soon had to tolerate all viewpoints except that of
every thing firmly under his control. narrow‑mindedness.
E) Narrow‑mindedness is the only mode of
educated thinking that does not uphold the
virtues of tolerance.
Test
2 5. He advised me not to write until I’d got over 8. We’d better leave right away as the traffic will
my anger and this was good advice. be heavy at this hour.
A) Once I’d managed to control my anger I A) The sooner they leave, the better if they don’t
realized that he’d given me some very good want to get caught in a traffic jam.
advice on how to write it.
B) We mustn’t leave it too late as the roads are
B) I couldn’t help being annoyed when the letter likely to be busy for the next hour.
finally came with so much good advice in it.
C) Let’s wait an hour so as to avoid some of the
C) He very wisely suggested that I didn’t write heavy traffic.
while I was still feeling so annoyed.
D) If we leave now, we will avoid most of the
D) He advised me not to show how angry I was heavy traffic.
in the letter and this was doubtless sensible.
E) The roads are busy at this time of day, so we
E) I should listen to his advice and not write ought to set off at once.
while I am still so angry.
Restatements
9. If the others had taken sensible precautions

as we did, this tragedy need never have
happened.
6. You don’t have to attend the next meeting A) Their tiresome behaviour meant that we were
which concerns the details of implementation, all inevitably involved in the tragedy.
but naturally we’ll be delighted if you do.
300 A) We couldn’t discuss the details of
B) If they had not behaved so foolishly, they
would not have involved us, either, in this
implementation so that has been left for the tragedy.
next meeting which we sincerely hope you will
be able to attend. C) The tragedy is that this could have been
avoided if only they had all controlled their
B) The meeting to discuss the details of emotions.
implementation doesn’t concern you, but
nevertheless we shall be pleased if you D) This tragic result could have been avoided,
MODADİL
decide to attend but, unlike us, the rest of them behaved

rashly.
C) You shouldn’t have attended the meeting
concerning the details of implementation but a E) If only they would follow our example and
lot of people were gratified by your presence. behave in a reasonable manner, all this
suffering could be avoided.
D) The details of implementation will have to be
discussed at the next meeting which you will
presumably agree to attend.
E) You aren’t obliged to be present when we 10. The harnessing of the wind to generate
meet to discuss the details of implementation, electricity dates back to 1890, but few notable
but it goes without saying that we’ll be very advances were made until 1970 when energy
pleased if you do join us then. prices began to rise fast.
A) In 1890 a few efforts were made to produce
electricity from wind power, but it was only in
1970 when energy prices rose steeply, that
such a scheme was taken seriously.
www.modadil.com
7. I’ve been out of the country for nearly a year, B) In 1970, when there was a sudden increase in
so I’m out of touch with everything here. energy prices, efforts were made to harness
the power of the wind for the generation of
A) I feel quite like a stranger now that I’m back
electricity for the first time since 1890.
after almost a year abroad.
C) It was in 1890 that the wind was first used to
B) A year or so abroad will make you feel
generate electricity, but it was only in 1970
different about your own country.
when the energy prices started to rise sharply,
C) On my return after almost a year, I was that real advances were made.
touched to find so few changes here.
D) Between 1890 and 1970 various attempts
D) The year abroad has estranged me, so I don’t were made to harness the power of the wind
want to go back to my own country. as the rising prices of energy made this
desirable.
E) It will seem weird to be back home after
almost a year abroad. E) Impressive advances in the generation of
electricity from wind power coincided with
rising energy prices in 1970, but the practice
actually dates back to 1890.
Test
11. The theory of natural selection made the idea 14. We will never be able to get all these exhibits 2
of organic evolution acceptable to the majority dated and labelled for the opening of the
of the scientific world. museum unless we get a lot of assistance.
A) The world’s scientists accepted the idea A) It would help us to finish the dating and
of organic evolution more readily than the labelling of the exhibits if the museum is not
concept of natural selection. opened for a while.
B) Without the theory of natural selection to B) With just a little extra assistance we shall
support it, no scientist would ever have be able to get all these exhibits dated and
approved the theory of organic evolution. labelled before the museum is opened.
C) In the eyes of the scientific world, the theory C) The opening of the museum does not depend
of natural selection and the idea of organic on whether or not we can get all these
evolution are inseparable concepts. exhibits dated and labelled.
D) It was only after the presentation of the theory D) We’re going to need an awful lot of help if
of natural selection that scientists paid any we’re to date and label these exhibits in time
attention to the idea of organic evolution. for the opening of the museum.
Restatements
E) On the whole, the scientific world approved E) Once the museum is open, we can easily
the concept of organic evolution once get a lot of help in dating and labelling of the
the theory of natural selection had been exhibits.
postulated.
301
12. Citrus trees thrive on a wide range of soils, but

well‑drained and slightly acid types are more 15. There’s no point in learning several languages
suitable. if you’re not going to have the opportunity to
use them.
A) The ideal soil for citrus trees is one that is
well‑drained and rather acidy; they do not do A) You shouldn’t try to learn many languages
MODADİL
well in other soils. except the ones which are spoken

internationally.
B) Though citrus trees prefer a well‑drained and
slightly acid soil, they do well in many other B) Unless you’re going to be in a position to use
types. them, learning several languages would just
be a waste of time.
C) Citrus trees grow in many different places, but
the soil must always be well‑drained and fairly C) There are several languages that are
acid. everywhere in use and these are the ones to
learn.
D) The well‑drained and rather acid soil that suits
citrus trees is the most common of all soil D) People used to learn several languages
types. though they had little opportunity to use them.
E) Citrus trees are special about soil on which E) Certain languages which few people know are
they grow and do best on well‑drained and actually well worth learning.
slightly acid soil types.
www.modadil.com
13. If it hadn’t been for the wind, the fire would 16. He really doesn’t mind who he works for, but
never have spread so fast. the pay has to be good.
A) Unless the wind develops, the fire is hardly A) It’s the money that interests him, not the type
likely to spread fast. of work or his employer.
B) Even without the wind, the fire would have B) With him, it’s the money that matters, not the
spread just as fast. type of work.
C) It was the wind that caused the fire to spread C) To his way of thinking, the job ought to be
at such a speed. better paid.
D) Had there been a wind, the fire would have D) He’s the sort who will do anything for money.
spread faster.
E) He’ll work for just about anyone so long as
E) The force of the wind affected the way the fire they pay him well.
spread.
Test
2 17. We got caught in a traffic jam so were among 20. They were fully within their rights when they
the last to arrive. dismissed him but now they wish they hadn’t
done so.
A) The late arrivers all put the blame on the
heavy traffic. A) What they did may have been legal, but it was
still unfair to dismiss him in that way.
B) The traffic was so heavy that nearly everyone
arrived late. B) Their dismissal of him was perfectly legal but
now they regret their action.
C) Most people got there before us as we were
held up by the traffic. C) If they hadn’t dismissed him they would be in
a better position now.
D) The roads were so congested that it’s a
wonder anyone got there on time. D) Even though their dismissal of him was barely
legal, the outcome has been fortunate.
E) There was such a congestion on the roads
that I thought we never would arrive. E) They had the right to dismiss him and don’t
deserve this unpleasant turn of events.
Restatements
21. It is not for me to say whether or not the

18. It’s not fair to put all the blame on him; he’s lecture was a good one as it was way outside
302 not the only one at fault. my field and I hardly understood any of it.
A) It wouldn’t be fair to punish those who, like A) I can’t understand why he felt the need to limit
him, weren’t involved. the scope of his lecture in such a way.
B) He deserves to be punished, but the others B) I could have followed the lecture better if I had
don’t. been familiar with the field.
C) Only the ones who were involved should be C) The subject of his lecture promised to be
punished.
MODADİL
interesting, but his treatment of it seemed to

D) The fault is his only, so let him take the blame. me to lack something.
E) He doesn’t deserve to be blamed for D) I don’t feel qualified to comment on his
everything; there were others involved. treatment of the subject as his approach is so
different from mine.
E) Since I couldn’t follow the lecture as I knew
nothing about the subject matter, I really can’t
give an opinion on it.
19. My father has agreed to pay this month’s 22. Though he knows I’m determined to make
installment but warned me that he wouldn’t Marsden the new manager, he’s constantly
make a practice of doing so. seeking to bring him down in my estimation.
www.modadil.com
A) This month the installment will be met by my A) Because I’m fully determined to make
father, but he more or less said he wouldn’t do Marsden manager, I absolutely refuse to listen
it again. to all criticism of him.
B) If my father doesn’t pay the installment this B) Even if Marsden weren’t likely to prove a good
month, I don’t know what I’m going to do. manager, that man has no right to criticise him
to me in such a manner.
C) My father has agreed to pay the installment
this month, but I won’t ask him to do again. C) Though he is fully aware of the fact that I’m
set on making Marsden the new manager, he
D) So long as my father pays this month’s still persists in trying to influence me against
installment, I will have no problem paying the him.
others.
D) Once Marsden takes on the job of manager,
E) It’s only with this month’s installment that all this unfair criticism of him is sure to stop.
I need help from my father, I won’t need it
again. E) His opinion of Marsden will surely change
once he sees what a capable manager he
really is.
Test
23. They found only two survivors, but it was a 26. Let’s wait another six months before deciding 2
week before they gave up their search for the whether or not to take these products off the
others. market.
A) At the end of the week the two survivors A) Why can’t we wait six months before we
joined in the search for the others. withdraw these products from the market?
B) They were only able to save two people B) Can’t we defer our decision about withdrawing
though rescue work continued for a full week. these goods from the market for a further six
months?
C) By the end of the first week there was little
hope of finding the missing two. C) Would you accept to withdraw these goods
from the market after another six months?
D) Once those two were rescued at the end of
the week, they abandoned the search for the D) Didn’t we agree six months ago that these
others. goods ought to be taken off the market?
E) Rescue‑workers found two more victims after E) Can we come to some agreement about
the search for them had taken a week. which goods to take off the market during the
Restatements
next six months?
27. I can’t help feeling that he’s not experienced 303

24. If I’d known what he wanted to discuss enough to be given a position of such
with me, I would never have given him an responsibility.
appointment.
A) With a little more experience I’m certain he
A) I never did understand why he wanted us to will develop into a highly efficient manager.
meet and discuss the matter.
B) It’s inevitable that one should ask oneself
B) He talked about us meeting but never whether he really is the right man for the job.
MODADİL
explained why.
C) A job of that description requires someone
C) Had I realized what he wanted to talk to me with a great deal of experience.
about, I would not have agreed to a meeting.
D) It’s a very demanding position and I’m not at
D) I agreed to meet so as to discuss the matter all sure that he has the experience needed
thoroughly. for it.
E) I realized there was something to be E) In my experience, men of his type rarely
discussed but didn’t now exactly what. function well in positions of authority.
www.modadil.com
25. I suppose most criminals do get caught in the 28. You have to tell him in the end; and the longer
end because they believe their luck will hold you put off doing so, the harder it’s going to
just one more time. be.
A) In most cases, so long as criminal avoids A) You can’t keep him in the dark about it for
taking risks, he is not likely to be suspected. ever, and telling him will get harder the longer
B) It seems that the majority of criminals start to you wait.
take greater risks and so get arrested. B) He’ll have to be notified about it, and the
C) Apparently, by trusting their luck just once sooner the better.
too often, most criminals do eventually get C) He’ll find out some time, and by putting it off,
arrested. you won’t make it easier for yourself.
D) Once the average criminal has fallen under D) You never can keep things secret for long, so
suspicion he can no longer trust his luck. the best is to tell him about it soon.
E) For me, however hard he may try, no criminal E) Definitely it’s better to let him know now than
can ever escape arrest. to wait until he finds out for himself.
Test
2 29. At first she was rather reluctant to give up 32. International conventions have long been
her job but now finds it very rewarding to be prohibiting the use of chemical weapons
bringing up her children. during war, but how effective is this likely to
be?
A) Then she was reluctant to give up her job but
now her sense of responsibility to her children A) If different international bodies agreed to a
tells her she must. long‑term ban on chemical warfare, couldn’t
the ban be put into effect?
B) Initially, she wasn’t at all keen to stop working,
but she now finds that looking after her B) Can such international bodies be relied upon
children affords her much satisfaction. to ban effectively and in the long‑term the use
of chemical weapons in time of war?
C) Now when she spends her days at home with
her children, she feels more fulfilled than she C) For many years now, chemical warfare has
ever did when she was out working. been banned by international agreement, but
can the ban be enforced?
D) She has enjoyed bringing up her children but
nevertheless looks forward to resuming work. D) How effective might the prohibition of
chemical warfare be if it had the backing of so
Restatements
E) When the children have grown up she may many international bodies?
regret she gave up her career for them.
E) Over a period of very many years various
international agreements have been drawn
up to prohibit the use of chemical weapons in
wartime, but they have hardly been effective,
30. His career took off to a brilliant start, but since have they?
then his record hardly seems deserving of
304 mild praise, let alone glory.
A) His career record has not lived up to his early 33. I surely couldn’t have been expected to forgive
promise, so he really does not merit either our him readily as this wasn’t the first time he’d
approval or our praise. tried to cheat me.
B) His career began with a stunning success, but A) It was only natural that I should have been
then he did nothing to earn either the praise unwilling to forgive him as he had behaved
or the approval he now receives. dishonestly towards me on other occasions.
MODADİL
C) Despite his early promise, his career record B) As he’d tried to cheat me on several previous
shows nothing deserving of the special praise occasions, I felt I was right not to forgive him
or glory he seems to expect. this time.
D) He was amazingly successful at the start C) It was impossible for me not to forgive him
of his career, but afterwards he has done even though he tried to deceive me several
nothing to merit even a moderate amount of times before.
approval and certainly not renown. D) I could have been willing to forgive him if this
E) Had his career record been in line with had been the first time I’d caught him cheating
the brilliant start he made, he would most me.
certainly have earned high honours and great E) Since this wasn’t the first time he’d attempted
renown. to deceive me, I was obviously not going to
forgive him.
34. Nothing exercises the British Press so much

www.modadil.com
as an apparent threat to the welfare of the

31. However much effort he puts into it, I’m sure British Press.
he’ll never make a success of the business.
A) The well‑being of the British Press is apparent
A) Unless he’s eager to make more of an effort, in the way it indicates a united front in the
the business is never likely to be a success. face of attack.
B) He’s a failure as a businessman even though B) It is only when the British Press is being
he is extremely hard working. criticized that it really shows its mettle.
C) It follows that the harder he works, the more C) The one time when the British Press really
likely the business is to be successful. wakes up and acts is when it feels its own
D) The success of the business will obviously well‑being is endangered.
depend upon the amount of hard work he puts D) The British Press has had much practice
into it. in upholding its own interests in the face of
E) No matter how hard he tries, it’s clear that opposition.
he won’t ever turn that business into a going E) Should its own freedom be threatened, the
concern. British Press would unite to withstand attack.
Test
35. The last time I saw your brother was when I 38. They might just as well close the café for this 2
ran into him at the station when I was on my year, as the tourists have all left.
way to Glasgow.
A) They can’t be bothered to run the café after
A) The last time I went to Glasgow I happened to the tourist‑season is over.
meet your brother at the station.
B) Once the season is over and the tourists have
B) I haven’t seen your brother since a chance gone, they will probably decide to close the
meeting at the station with him when I was café.
setting off for Glasgow.
C) I think they plan to close the café once the
C) Your brother and I eventually met at the tourists have all gone away.
station as it happened that I was going to
Glasgow. D) There’s no point in their keeping the café
open now, since the season is over and there
D) Your brother and I finally met on the Glasgow are no more tourists about.
train just as it was leaving the station.
E) As tourists have gone, they find it hardly
E) As the Glasgow train drew out of the station, I profitable to keep the café open.
Restatements
got a last glimpse of your brother.
36. Although diplomatic efforts to forestall the 305

bombardment have been intensified, there is 39. However carefully they rehearse the
apparently no progress towards an agreement. programme, there is always someone who
gets it wrong.
A) Every known means of diplomacy has been
tried, but peace seems to recede and the A) Rehearse as much as you like, but you’ll
expected attack to be quickly approaching. never get it right.
B) Reconciliation remains a remote hope, for B) No matter how diligently the programme is
MODADİL
diplomatic channels apparently lack the rehearsed, it is never free of mistakes.

necessary authority to check an attack.
C) They rehearsed the programme till it was
C) In spite of diplomatic efforts of the contrary, quite faultless.
the bombardment was a violent one and all
D) They rehearsed as hard as ever until it
hopes of an agreement were shattered.
seemed everyone was perfect.
D) Though they are desperately in need of a
E) The programme was rehearsed with so much
truce, they can find no way to achieve one
care that it seemed that nothing could go
and now await the attack.
wrong.
E) Reconciliation seems no nearer, even
though a massive effort is being made to
find a diplomatic solution and so avoid a
bombardment.
40. Whenever I meet her, she is full of complaints

www.modadil.com
about how unfairly she is treated by the

supervisor.
37. I do wish they could have planned the journey
so as to allow us a week in London. A) I never see her but she’s complaining about
the unfair treatment she receives at the hands
of the supervisor.
A) If only the travel arrangements had made it
B) I’m tired of listening to her complaints about
possible for us to spend a week in London.
the harsh treatment of the supervisor towards
B) We hoped they would rearrange the her.
programme to allow us a full week in London.
C) When we come together, she always talks
C) Travel arrangements have been made so as about her supervisor’s behaviour towards her.
to allow us a whole week in London.
D) Whenever she comes to me, it’s to denounce
D) They have arranged for us to travel to London the supervisor for treating her so harshly.
and spend a week there.
E) When I was there, it didn’t seem right to
E) They plan to allow us a week in London if criticize the behaviour of the supervisor
that’s what we want. towards her.
Test
2 41. The root cause of the crisis is that the legal 43. All agree that the environment has to be
basis for asylum was drawn up when very few protected, but should it really take priority
had the means to seek it. over education and public health?
A) Although few of them have any way at all A) Are we all agreed that the needs of
escaping, it is now that the legal basis for environmental protection should take priority
asylum must be revised so that such a crisis over the claims of education and public
may be avoided. health?
B) We must face the fact that the legal basis for B) Although the need for environmental
asylum should not have been drawn up when protection is not contested, do we really
hardly anyone had a chance to escape. regard the claims of education and public
health as of less importance?
C) Basic to the whole disastrous situation is the
fact that the legal basis for asylum dates back C) It is not agreed that the claims of education
to a time when it was almost impossible for and public health cannot be ranked below
anyone to seek it. those of environmental protection?
D) When the legal basis of asylum was devised, D) However pressing may be the needs of
Restatements
it was assumed that very few people would environmental protection, is it not generally
ever seek it and such a crisis as this was not agreed that those of education and public
expected. health should take priority?
E) As few people ever managed to escape, it E) The claims of education and public health will
was felt that a legal basis for asylum was come high on our list of priorities, but can’t we
unnecessary and this is the major cause of agree to put those of environmental protection
306 the problem. even higher?
44. I would willingly have lent you the money

myself if only I’d known you needed it.
MODADİL
A) As I realized just how necessary the loan was

to you, I naturally lent you what you needed.
42. In a country such as Russia, where much B) I am rather willing to give you a loan myself if
power is vested in one man, that man can you can convince me that it is necessary.
make quite a difference.
C) Had I realized that you were in need of such a
A) Should one man be given unlimited power, as loan, I would gladly have lent it to you myself.
in Russia, it would make a difference to the
country. D) I would lend you the money willingly if I were
convinced that you really require it.
B) When, as in Russia, one man unconditionally
wields enormous power, he can affect many E) I was under no obligation to offer you a loan,
changes. but nevertheless did so gladly.
C) If much power were invested in one man, in a
country such as Russia, he could bring about
great changes.
D) It would make a terrific difference in Russia,
www.modadil.com
for instance, if a great deal of power were

vested in one man.
45. He should face the fact that he’ll never be as
E) In a country such as Russia, there would be great a pianist as his father.
a distinct difference if complete power were
vested in such a man as that. A) The father is a wonderful pianist, but the son
shows even more promise.
B) The father is a great pianist, and the son is
hoping to be at least his equal.
C) I don’t think he’ll ever accept that his father is
the greater pianist, but he ought to.
D) As a pianist, he’s just not the equal of his
father and never will be, so he’d do well to
accept the fact.
E) The son seems set to surpass his father as a
pianist; he even admits the fact.
Test
46. Thanks partly to a dramatic decline in infant 49. I wanted to sit at a table near the window, but 2
mortality; life expectancy in the region has we couldn’t find a free one.
increased from 45 years to 72.
A) If there had been an empty table near the
A) A remarkable drop in infant mortality rates window, I would have liked to have sat there.
has helped to raise life expectancy in the area
from 45 years to 72. B) All the tables near the window were occupied,
so we went somewhere else.
B) There has been a slight drop in infant
mortality in the area, resulting in an increase C) We found one unoccupied table near the
in life expectancy from 45 to 72. window and sat down there.
C) However, the infant mortality rate has dropped D) I would have been so pleased if we could
surprisingly, and life expectancy in the region have found a free table that was not near the
has risen from 45 to 72. window.
D) The startling drop in the infant mortality E) I would have been surprised to have found
rates may be reflected in the increase in life any one of the tables near the window free.
expectancy from 45 to 72 years.
Restatements
E) The increase in life expectancy from 45 to
72 years can be fully accounted for by the
unbelievable decline in infant mortality there.
47. The aim of advertising is not to inform but 50. I’d have worn the right shoes if I’d known we 307
to sell products and keep businesses in were going to do all this climbing.
business. A) I’d have gone on the climb if I’d been wearing
A) A business advertises in order to get markets the right shoes.
and sell its goods and make itself known. B) I’d love to go climbing, but I don’t have any
B) Advertisements should give preference to shoes that would be suitable.
marketing techniques and help firms sell; C) As I didn’t realize there was going to be
MODADİL
information is secondary. so much climbing, I didn’t come in suitable

C) Advertising is about selling goods and shoes.
keeping firms running; not supplying D) I didn’t realize that these shoes weren’t right
information. for climbing in.
D) A business advertises with a view to making E) If only I’d been wearing suitable shoes I would
a name for itself in the commercial world and have enjoyed the climb.
selling its products.
E) The aim of advertising is not to amuse but to
increase sales and encourage commercial
activities.
48. Reports about the ozone layer are as

maddeningly variable as the protective shield
www.modadil.com
itself.
A) Reports on the ozone layer and its efficiency
as a protective shield are incredibly
inconsistent.
B) There is no consistency in the reports
concerning the ozone layer and the protective
shield itself, which is very embarrassing.
C) Reports on the ozone layer concentrate on
the irritating variability of the protective shield.
D) The frustrating lack of consistency in reports
concerning the ozone layer matches the state
of the protective shield itself.
E) The variability of the ozone layer is reflected
in the lack of consistency in reports
concerning its protective sides.
Test
3 RESTATEMENTS
3. The scene is set in Normandy, but most of the
1. - 50. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en characters in this novel are Londoners.
yakın cümleyi bulunuz.
A) In the novel, the action moves backwards and
1. James will probably make a good director, too, forwards between Normandy and London.
even though he’s not at all like his father. B) In this novel, the story takes place in
A) James dislikes his father’s way of directing, Normandy, but the majority of the characters
but will his way be any better? are from London.
B) Unlike his father, James seems set on C) The main characters in the novel are
developing into a most efficient director. Londoners on a sightseeing holiday in
Normandy.
C) James is quite different from his father, but
nevertheless he’ll also succeed as a director. D) The story is about Normandy, but the leading
characters are all Londoners.
D) As James is opposed to his father’s system,
one wonders if he will find a better one. E) Though Normandy provides the setting for
the story, the characters are all too obviously
E) James is rather unlike his father, so he’s not Londoners.
likely to be a good director.
308
MODADİL
4. I haven’t been won over by his arguments,

2. He’s rather hopeful that he’ll get the but nevertheless, his book makes interesting
appointment since the other candidates are at reading.
a disadvantage as they know no French.
A) I can’t say I’m convinced that he’s right, but
A) His main advantage is fluency in French even so his book is well worth reading.
as none of the other candidates for the
appointment know any. B) It’s a impressing book, but one can’t take his
theories successfully.
B) As none of the other candidates speak
much French, it seems obvious that he’ll be C) He has some impossible ideas but knows how
appointed. to write an entertaining book.
C) Since French is the main requirement, none D) You might be interested in reading his book
even though many of his arguments are far
www.modadil.com
of the other candidates will even qualify.

from satisfactory.
D) The appointment will be given to whichever of
the candidates is most fluent in French. E) You’ll appreciate his fresh and comprehensive
approach to his subject, but there is no basis
E) He’s fairly confident that he’ll be appointed as in fact.
he’s the only candidate who knows French.
Test
5. The judge is worried because different 8. A good book review lets you know whether it’s 3
witnesses have given a different sequence of the sort of book you want to read or not.
events.
A) To be good, a book review has to establish
A) The witness had to be called to order by the who would enjoy reading it.
judge as they described the sequence of
events. B) One ought to be able to understand from a
book review which books are worth reading.
B) The judge is disturbed that the order of events
described by the various witnesses is in all C) The main function of any book review should
cases identical. be to establish whether or not a book is worth
reading.
C) The judge is concerned that there is no
agreement among the witnesses as to the D) According to book reviews, all books are
order in which the events occurred. worth reading.
D) What the judge found so upsetting was that E) You can understand from a good book review
there were so many discrepancies between whether or not it’s the kind of book you enjoy.
the witnesses’ accounts of the incident.
Restatements
E) The only discrepancy in the witnesses’
accounts to disturb the judge is related to the
order of events.
6. You would do well to wait a little before buying 309

a car.
A) If you are thinking of buying a car, this is the
correct time.
9. Millions of Germans are uneasy about the
B) You must realize that this is not the right time prospect of reform because they fear the
to change your car. process will be painful, but they suspect that
in the long run it will have to come.
MODADİL
C) Don’t buy now; car prices are expected to fall.

D) It would be better if you didn’t buy a car just A) As they expect the process of reform will
yet. prove extremely painful, millions of Germans
are reluctant to admit that in the end it will
E) Buy a car now and you won’t regret it later. have to come.
B) Though it’s obvious that sooner or later reform
is inevitable, the feeling among a lot of people
in Germany is that it should be postponed for
7. Worries that the strong yen will hurt exports as long as possible.
and strangle Japan’s economic recovery have
pushed share prices sharply down. C) A great many people in Germany find the
likelihood of reform worrying as they are
A) The strong yen, which is having an adverse afraid it will prove unpleasant, but they have a
effect on exports and on the nation’s feeling that in the end it will be inevitable.
economic position generally, is responsible for
the sudden drop in share prices in Japan. D) Because the process of reform promises to
be unpleasant, the majority of Germans are
B) The strong yen is having an adverse effect trying to pretend that it need never happen.
www.modadil.com
on exports and putting an end to all Japan’s

hopes of economic recovery, thus share E) Though they admit that there is a need for
prices have dropped sharply. reform, millions of Germans nevertheless fear
the process which will inevitably be painful,
C) Share prices have dropped noticeably in and seek to postpone it.
Japan, for it is feared that the strong yen
will adversely affect exports and make the
nation’s economic recovery impossible.
D) The sudden drop in share prices and worries
about the strong yen are having an adverse
effect on Japan’s exports and indeed her
economic recovery at large.
E) The noticeable drop in share prices in Japan
has set people worrying about the yen, about
exports, and even about the process of
economic recovery.
Test
3 10. Most of the company’s factories are in the 12. Although Windows 2000 has a number of
north of England and until recently the head features that distinguish it from NT4, and make
office was also there, but now it is in London. it more flexible, more secure and easier to
maintain, the main aim has been something
A) The company used to have its head office altogether different.
in the north of England where most of the
factories are, but it was moved to London a A) Though Windows 2000 and NT4 have
short while ago. a number of features in common, the
former is more flexible, safer and easier of
B) The company is setting up more factories in maintenance, and in other ways too, quite
the north of England, where, until recently, different.
its head office was before it was moved to
London. B) Windows 2000 is certainly different in several
aspects from NT4 with the result that it is
C) The company is moving its head office to less rigid, safer and upkeep is less complex;
London though the majority of its factories are but these changes do not by any means
still in the north of England. constitute the main goal.
D) When the company’s head office has moved C) The main aim with Windows 2000 was to give
Restatements
to London, most of the factories will gradually it certain features like flexibility, security and
be moved there from the north of England. ease of maintenance so as to distinguish it
E) The head office of the company which is from NT4.
in the north of England, where most of the D) The main goal of producing Windows 2000
factories are, will shortly be moved to London. was not to distinguish it from NT4 by making
it less rigid, safer and easier of upkeep, but
310 those are certainly some of its features.
E) Flexibility, security and ease of maintenance
are some of the features that distinguish
Windows 2000 from NT4 and these constitute
the main aim in producing it.
MODADİL
11. There are few large firms where the top people
are willing to admit that they don’t know 13. The expansion of New England was in part
something. stimulated by the desire for better land.
A) There are few people at the top of a big A) Stimulated in part by her greed for good
company who need to admit they don’t know arable soil, New England started to expand
something. rapidly.
B) In the really top firms it’s rare that people will B) It was simply the poor quality of the land that
admit to being ignorant about anything. made New England desirous of expanding
her boundaries.
C) It’s only the top people in a company of any
standing that have the courage to admit C) Her original lands proving inadequate, New
ignorance on any point. England soon felt obliged to start expanding.
www.modadil.com
D) It’s not often that the people in charge of a D) Desirous of acquiring part of this richer soil,
large company are willing to confess their New England soon began to extend her
ignorance on any matter. boundaries.
E) There are only a few firms in which the E) The desire for better land was one reason
directors ever dare to share their knowledge why New England extended her boundaries.
with others.
Test
14. ‘The Rocket’ incorporated the principal 16. If I had heard about this conference on 3
features that dominated locomotive design Satellite Services even a little earlier, I would
from that time onwards. most certainly have prepared a paper for it.
A) Later locomotive design did not differ A) Unfortunately, I haven’t had sufficient time to
noticeably from that of ‘the Rocket’. write a paper for that conference on Satellite
Services, though I would very much have
B) Many of the main features of ‘the Rocket’ liked to have done so.
were to reappear in later locomotive design.
B) I knew nothing about this conference on
C) The main features affecting all future Satellite Services till it was too late to write a
locomotive design were present in ‘the paper for it, but I certainly would have if time
Rocket’. had allowed.
D) Later locomotive design was, in certain C) There’s still time to write a paper for that
essentials, not dissimilar from that of ‘the conference they are talking about on Satellite
Rocket’. Services, and I would certainly like to do so.
E) As regards the principal features of its design, D) If only they had informed me about the
Restatements
‘the Rocket’ was not different from later conference on Satellite Services, I would
locomotives. definitely have got this paper ready a lot
earlier.
E) If they had given out some information about
the conference on Satellite Services at an
earlier date, it might have been possible to
have given a paper there. 311
MODADİL
15. In relation to the size of the population, 17. It was not till the time of Shakespeare that
the commerce of the mainland colonies of companies of players emerged who made the
America at this time was unusually large. stage their profession.
A) At this period, the commercial activities A) Before the age of Shakespeare companies of
of the mainland colonies of America were professional actors were already beginning to
considerable, even though the population was appear.
increasingly only slow. B) By Shakespeare’s time there were already
B) As the population of mainland colonies of groups of actors whose theatrical activities
America at this time was small their trading were conducted on professional lines.
activities were comparatively large. C) The actors of Shakespeare’s time were
C) Considering how small the population of the professionals and organized themselves into
companies.
www.modadil.com
mainland colonies of America was at this time,

the variety of their trading activities was quite D) By the age of Shakespeare, acting had
surprising. become a profession and the players were
D) If the size of the population is taken into grouped into various companies.
consideration, the trading activities of the E) Companies of players who made a profession
mainland colonies of America in this period of acting came into being for the first time in
were remarkably extensive. the age of Shakespeare.
E) The commerce of the mainland colonies of
America at this time increased as quickly as
the population increased.
Test
3 18. Many people prefer food that is free from 20. He finds the new job far more demanding than
artificial substances as these can be a threat the old one, but I expect he’ll soon get used to
to health. it.
A) It seems that the artificial substances in our A) He has to put a lot more effort into this job
food are responsible for a great deal of our ill than into the previous one, but I presume he’ll
health. get accustomed to it.
B) Since artificial substances may be detrimental B) His former job was easier than his present
to health a lot of people are avoiding foods one, but that was because he was used to it.
that contain them.
C) Once he has settled into his new job, he’ll
C) Food that is free of artificial substances that probably find it just as stimulating as his old
are detrimental to a person’s health should be one.
preferred.
D) Until he’s familiar with the work in the new job,
D) Many people show a preference for foods that he’s obviously going to find it less pleasant
are free of artificial substances although they than the old.
are not of the harmful type.
Restatements
E) Till he gets accustomed to the new job, he’ll

E) Foods that contain artificial substances should wish he had stayed in the old one.
be avoided as they are the cause of many
health problems.
312
MODADİL
19. He has retired, and he is now consultant for 21. She’s so anxious not to hurt anyone’s feelings
several businesses and this brings him in that she never calls them to account for their
more money than he ever used to earn in his actions.
full – time job. A) Being so afraid of upsetting people prevents
A) If he had wanted to retire, he could have her from ever questioning what they are
acted as a consultant for several agencies doing.
and this would have given him a better B) If she were less sensitive about other people’s
income. feelings, she would be more critical of what
B) Once he had retired he became a consultant they are doing.
for several organisations because he needed C) She’s too anxious to please people and this
an additional income. means she can’t control them.
C) So that his income would not drop when he D) No one ever listens to her because they know
retired from full‑time employment he started they can do what they like and she won’t
to work in an advisory capacity for several complain.
www.modadil.com
organisations.
E) That’s how she treats people and nobody gets
D) Although he has been retired for some time, sad about it any more.
he now earns twice as much as when he was
in a full‑time job because he is working as a
consultant for quite a lot of firms.
E) He earned less when he was in full‑time
employment than he does now that he is
retired and acting as a consultant for two or
three firms.
Test
22. Basically, the witnesses all gave a uniform 24. Hardly a day goes by without someone coming 3
account of the incident but, as might in to complain about the unreliability of the
be expected, there were some small ferry service.
discrepancies in the details.
A) There is always someone here criticising the
A) All the witnesses gave a very detailed account ferry service because it runs so erratically.
of the incident and apparently a very accurate
one. B) The unreliability of the ferry service is one
reason why so many people come in every
B) It wouldn’t have surprised one if there had day to complain.
been differences in the details supplied by
the witnesses, but actually they were in full C) Many of the complaints we hear, day after
agreement over the incident. day, about the ferry service relate to its
unreliability.
C) The accounts of the incident given by the
various witnesses were surprisingly similar D) Someone comes in just about every day to
even as regards the details. express their dissatisfaction with the ferry
service because it is so undependable
D) Not surprisingly, the witnesses gave slightly
Restatements
varied accounts of the incident but there was E) Again and again, these people have been
complete agreement on the main facts. criticising the ferry service because it’s badly
run.
E) Rather than one or two very crucial details the
witnesses gave quite similar descriptions of
the incident.
313
MODADİL
23. For once I feel inclined to agree with Richard 25. I suppose most youngsters look forward
though usually I don’t approve of his ideas. eagerly to the time when they will be
A) I say this is the first time Richard and I agree, financially independent of their parents.
for I generally find his views somewhat A) The dream of most youngsters is surely to
amoral. have lots of money of their own to spend as
B) Once in a while I like to agree with Richard as they want.
I usually come out in opposition to him. B) Presumably, most youngsters long to have
C) As often as not Richard and I hold completely their own money instead of relying on their
different views, so he’ll be surprised to find me parents for it.
agreeing with him. C) Obviously, youngsters can’t be independent of
D) On certain issues Richard and I are in their parents while they have to ask for money
agreement, but on the whole I find his point of from them.
view rather disgusting. D) Naturally, most young people can’t wait to
www.modadil.com
E) More often than not I find Richard’s ideas start earning their own money and so be
rather repulsive, but on this occasion he just independent of their parents.
might be right. E) I assume that most young people are
financially dependent on their parents but
wish not to be.
Test
3 26. The normal school obviously doesn’t have 28. More market research on the likelihood of the
the resources necessary to cope with badly success of such an item is definitely called for,
handicapped children. before we invest more time, money or effort in
it.
A) When children are seriously handicapped, the
ordinary school has to find ways of answering A) Once market research findings suggest it
their needs. is likely that this article will sell well, we will
definitely start to invest more time, money and
B) The needs of such handicapped children effort in it.
are beyond the range of any ordinary school
programme. B) A great deal of time, money and effort has
already been invested in this particular item,
C) Seriously handicapped children cannot fit into but market research findings are not very
the routine of ordinary school life. positive as to the likelihood of its success.
D) In an ordinary school, the needs of seriously C) We really must not invest more time, money
handicapped children tend to get forgotten. or effort in this particular item until market
E) When it’s a case of seriously handicapped research provides us with more grounds for
believing that it will sell.
Restatements
children, the average school simply cannot

meet their needs. D) Unless market research comes up with some
really good proof that such an article will
market well, we must stop investing so much
time, money and energy in it.
E) We cannot go on investing time, money
314 and energy in a product of this nature while
market research findings regarding its selling
potentiality are so dubious.
MODADİL
27. The report did not get a favourable reception 29. Her lectures are both amusing and full
largely because it called for massive increases of interest, and consequently, it’s hardly
in defence spending. surprising that she is so popular.
A) The unfavourable report on defence spending A) Her popularity is the result of her style of
showed convincingly that vast sums of money lecturing which really is fascinating.
had been wasted.
B) She lectures in such an amusing manner that
B) The report failed to please for the obvious everyone enjoys her lectures.
reason that it recommended an increase in
expenditure for defence purposes. C) She is a most entertaining speaker, and so
naturally she is in great demand.
C) The extra expenditure for defence purposes
is what made the report so unpopular in many D) The fact that her lectures are so full of humour
quarters. is clearly the reason for her popularity.
E) Her sense of humour and her insight are
www.modadil.com
D) The main reason why the report met with

so little approval was on account of the vast what have made her so much in demand as a
increases in expenditure it demanded for lecturer.
defence purposes.
E) The report was quite unacceptable on account
of the fact that the recommended increases in
defence spending were quite unrealistic.
Test
30. I’m not sure, but I have a nasty feeling he 33. Those opposed to gambling continue to 3
didn’t do at all well at the interview. argue the case against it on social and moral
grounds.
A) Actually, in my opinion, he may have done a
lot better at the interview than he fears. A) Those who are against gambling continue
to state the moral and social reasons for the
B) I hope I’m wrong but from what I can gather stand they take.
he made a real mess of the interview.
B) Those who are against gambling usually take
C) It’s not definite yet, but I suspect he didn’t a moral or a social stand against it
perform as well as he claims at the interview.
C) There are two basic grounds for opposing
D) I could be wrong but I’m afraid his gambling, the moral and social.
performance at the interview was rather poor.
D) The case against gambling is usually based
E) It’s not very nice of me, and I may be on both moral and social grounds.
mistaken, but I don’t think he was any good at
the interview. E) They continue to oppose gambling and cite
various moral and social reasons for the stand
Restatements
they take.
31. What worries me is that they have so far failed 34. My experiences in China were quite unlike 315
to improve the quality of the work. anything else that had ever happened to me.
A) As they haven’t managed to produce any A) Life in China is quite different from anything
high‑quality work, I’m wondering if they ever I’ve come across elsewhere.
will.
B) The events I encountered in China were
B) If only they could upgrade the quality of the unique; I’d known nothing like them before.
work, I’d stop worrying.
MODADİL
C) I hope that my experiences in China will never

C) Once the quality of the work improves, we’ll be repeated anywhere.
be free of worries.
D) Going to China was interesting experience,
D) It’s the fact that they still haven’t managed to quite unlike what I was prepared for.
upgrade the quality of the work that troubles
me. E) I found myself in a unique situation in China
and presumably I will never know the like of it
E) They are still far from producing the again.
high‑quality work I’m anxious to get.
35. I was tempted to resign there and then, but I’m

32. Roof insulation will pay for itself within two glad now that I didn’t.
years in lower heating costs, or so they claim.
www.modadil.com
A) I rather wish I’d had the courage to hand in

A) They claimed that roof insulation would my resignation straight away.
reduce heating costs, so that in two years you
could recover the amount invested. B) I wanted to give in my resignation immediately
and I rather agree that I didn’t.
B) It pays to insulate your roof since you certainly
get back in around two years whatever you C) I felt like handing in my resignation on the
invest in lowered fuel costs. spot, but I know I would have regretted it.
C) Roof insulation reduces heating costs so D) If I were to resign now, I’d probably regret it.
much that in two years they guarantee that
you get back the money you invest in it. E) Even now I find the idea of resigning rather
tempting, and may do so.
D) They guarantee that money invested in roof
insulation is recoverable in two years through
reduced fuel costs.
E) They claim that in under two years you
get back what you invest in roof insulation
through reduced fuel costs.
Test
3 36. I just couldn’t make him understand that good 39. For many years now transport planners in the
planning is essential to success. UK have been demanding that motorists pay
directly for the use of roads.
A) I’ve failed to convince him that the secret to
success lies in a sound plan. A) In the opinion of British transport planners, it
is the motorists themselves who should have
B) Apparently he can’t grasp the fact that, paid for the upkeep of the roads all these
without a sound plan, success is hard to come years.
by.
B) Over the years, transport planners in the
C) He refuses to believe that the plan will turn UK have been suggesting that the upkeep
out to be successful. of roads must be paid for by the motorists
D) He’s convinced that the scheme is bound to themselves.
succeed. C) Transport planners in the UK have, for a long
E) I’ll convince him in the end that no amount of time now, been insisting that those who use
planning can guarantee success. the roads must pay for them directly.
D) British transport planners recommended, a
Restatements
long time ago, that those who use the roads

must pay for their upkeep directly.
E) In Britain, transport planners have been
arguing for many years that the upkeep of the
roads is the responsibility of motorists.
316 37. We might well find that we need more than

three weeks in which to complete a report of
this kind.
A) It shouldn’t take us more than three weeks to 40. The dramatic fall in share prices took even the
finish a report like this one. experts by surprise.
B) We might as well try to get this report finished A) Even those in the know were unprepared for
within three weeks. the rapid drop in share prices.
MODADİL
C) I don’t imagine we can get through this report B) The experts themselves were worried at the
in three weeks, but we can try. sudden drop in share prices.
D) A report of this kind has never been drawn up C) The rapid fall in share prices came as a shock
in under three weeks. to all but the experts.
E) It’s quite likely that three weeks won’t be D) Even those who had been following share
sufficient for us to finalize such a import. prices closely hadn’t expected them to fall so
dramatically.
E) When share prices suddenly dropped,
even those who knew the market well were
apprehensive.
38. Frankly, in my opinion the girl’s musical

www.modadil.com
abilities are no more than average for her age.

41. The new range of products launched last
A) Even so, if you take the girl’s age into Autumn is already selling well.
account, her musical performance was no
better than that of any of the others. A) The market for the new goods has improved
greatly since last Autumn.
B) To be honest, I don’t think the girl’s musical
talents are anything out of the ordinary B) Sales of the new products that appeared on
considering her age. the market in the Autumn, are at last doing
well
C) To be fair, for a girl of her age, you can hardly
regard her musical abilities as impressive. C) Articles on sale for the first time in the Autumn
are finally selling well.
D) Indeed she’s not all that young, so I don’t
think this girl merits so much praise for her D) The goods put onto the market for the first
musical abilities. time last Autumn have already found plenty of
buyers.
E) If you think about it, there’s nothing
extraordinary about her musical performance E) There are still few buyers for the new range
if you remember her age. of goods that first made an appearance last
Autumn.
Test
42. Social behaviour depends very much on the 45. It has been argued that people from the Far 3
information we collect about other people. East are better educated than Westerners
and also more experienced in economic
A) Our social behaviour reflects to some extent development.
what we feel about the people around us.
A) Since education in the West is not up to the
B) The conduct of the people around us dictates standard of that in the Far East, an equal
our own social behaviour. appreciation of economic matters is not to be
C) Our knowledge of others has a considerable expected.
effect upon our social behaviour. B) Apparently, people in the Far East pay more
D) Our attitude towards the people we come into attention to education than do those in the
contact with is naturally reflected in our social West and have a better understanding of
behaviour. economic matters.
E) As we collect information about other people C) Now that people in the Far East are better
the way we behave towards them may alter educated than most Westerners, their ideas
radically. regarding economic matters are more
sophisticated.
Restatements
D) The argument is that the better education
received in the Far East gives people there a
better grasp of economic development than is
possible in the West.
43. Consultants of his calibre, whose advice is
consistently reliable and objective, are few and E) The point has been made that people in the
far between. West don’t get as good an education as do
those in the Far East, and further, are less
317
A) It is not often that one comes across a accomplished in matters concerning economic
consultant of his calibre, whose advice is development.
unfailingly dependable and unbiased.
B) Rarely does one find a consultant like him
whose advice is completely honest and
disinterested.
MODADİL
C) He is one of those rare consultants who one

can rely on to give absolutely fair and honest
advice.
D) Consultants of any calibre can always be
counted on to advise in a balanced and 46. This documentary focuses on the joys and
professional manner. pressures that inevitably accompany the
E) Fair and unbiased advice is what one expects bringing up of a disabled child.
from a consultant of his calibre, but one only A) As is pointed out in the film, pain and pleasure
rarely gets it. are both to be experienced in caring for a
crippled child.
B) In this feature film we are shown the trials and
pleasures that people with an abnormal child
44. He is recovering only slowly from the experience.
operation; apparently progress is being
hindered by family problems. C) The film highlights the pain and the pleasure
www.modadil.com
inherent in the task of bringing up a deformed

A) Since family problems are upsetting him, the child.
recovery process after surgery will naturally
be rather slow. D) The delights and strains that one is bound
to encounter when caring for a handicapped
B) He isn’t recovering from the operation as fast child are at the heart of this documentary.
as we had hoped since he is worrying about
the family. E) The documentary shows how trials and
rewards are equally forthcoming when one is
C) It seems that the process of recovery after caring for an irrational child.
surgery is being slowed down by family
problems.
D) Obviously the recuperation period after
surgery will be a long one as he is worried
about his family.
E) Family worries are, of course, partly
responsible for his inability to recover quickly
from the operation.
Test
3 47. It’s hardly surprising that inflation has been a 49. Everyone told me it was too cold to go
paramount issue in so many recent election swimming, but I didn’t listen to them.
campaigns.
A) They all said it wasn’t warm enough to go
A) It is interesting that it has been the issue of swimming, but I ignored them.
inflation that has dominated all the election
campaigns recently B) Nobody thought it was warm enough to swim,
but I did.
B) Inflation was naturally going to be a dominant
issue in a large number of election campaigns C) I didn’t think it was too cold to go swimming,
over recent years. but the others did.
C) It was to be expected that the crucial issue in D) They all told me not to swim, but I thought it
all the election campaigns should have been was warm enough.
inflation. E) I didn’t go swimming as everyone said it was
D) Understandably, the majority of election far too cold.
campaigns in recent times have centered
round one major issue, inflation.
Restatements
E) During recent years, most election campaigns

have undoubtedly made inflation the
predominant issue.
318
MODADİL
48. If there is any likelihood of an attack on our 50. It was nearly 8 o’clock when I arrived and they
position, precautionary measures should be were still having dinner.
taken immediately.
A) They had already started the evening meal
A) Our position is well‑protected against attack when I arrived some time after 8 o’clock.
but we must maintain our defences.
B) I arrived shortly after 8 o’clock to find them
B) In the event of an attack our position will be still having dinner.
fiercely contested.
C) Dinner was almost over at 8 o’clock when I
C) In the unlikely event of an attack, our position finally got there.
will naturally be defended.
D) They were almost through their dinner when I
D) Should the position be attacked it will be got there at around 8 o’clock.
defended at all costs.
E) When I got there at a few minutes to 8, they
E) Should an attack seem probable, our position hadn’t finished their evening meal.
must be safeguarded at once.
www.modadil.com
Test
DIALOGUES 1
3. Betty:
1. - 30. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş
bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi – I hardly know anything about the Hittites and
bulunuz. the Phrygians. Who were they?
Mary:
1. Greg: – All I can tell you is that the Hittites preceded
– Why do you want to be a geologist? Are you the Phrygians in ancient Anatolia and were
hoping to find oil? defeated by them.
Tony: Betty:
– No. I want to study volcanic activity. I’m sure – ‑‑‑‑
one ought to be able to predict earthquakes Mary:
pretty accurately. – I can’t help you with these things. You’d
Greg: better get a book on the subject.
– ‑‑‑‑ A) Yes. I know that but what about their origins,
Tony: cultures, religions and languages?
– I wouldn’t mind that at all. It would be far B) The Hittites had their capital in central
preferable to sitting in an office all day. Anatolia, didn’t they?
A) Are earthquakes as dangerous as volcanoes? C) I know that Anatolia has always been a
B) I don’t know. Apparently, no one earthquake crossroads for many peoples in history. 319
behaves like any other. D) The Phrygian capital, Gordian, was originally
C) You would be doing a lot of field‑work you situated on a hill close to Sakarya.
know, in rather uncomfortable conditions. E) You know, Egypt is the only country that I
D) I don’t think you should make your mind up know anything about.
yet.
E) It’s a career that might suit you very well.
MODADİL
Good luck!
4. Albert:
2. Sandra: – By the way, what do you think of John’s
– Wasn’t that the door bell? performance in the sales department?
Sue: Richard:
– No, it was the parrot. – As the manager of the department, I find
Sandra: him most promising. All he needs is a bit of
– ‑‑‑‑ encouragement.
Sue: Albert:
www.modadil.com
– I know. It copies the sound so perfectly that – ‑‑‑‑

even the dog is deceived and races to the Richard:
door! – Don’t you worry! I’ll do my best for him.
A) You must be joking! A) Well, then, give him some whenever you have
B) Are you sure? It sounded just like the doorbell the opportunity. He’s a nice chap.
to me. B) You seem to have a grudge against him; do
C) Well! Well! How long has this been going on you?
for? C) He’s very well qualified.
D) How do you know: Do you ever answer the D) How long has he been working in your
door? department?
E) Was it really? Well how does your dog react? E) His self‑confidence is a valuable asset and
should help him to succeed.
Test
1 5. Tony: 7. Brian:
– Have you read Doris Lessing’s new novel? – Did you go to the gym last night?
Joan: Danny:
– I’ve only read about it. Most critics rate it – Yes, I did. And I feel much better for it. Why
very highly. don’t you join me?
Tony: Brian:
– ‑‑‑‑ – ‑‑‑‑
Joan: Danny:
– Good. As a matter of fact, they almost – Stop wondering and make it definite! Be
always are. ready at 8. 15 on Friday!
A) I hardly ever agree with what they say. A) I can’t help wondering where you get the
energy for it!
B) Even so, her first novel is still my favourite.
B) I’m wondering whether my doctor will agree.
C) Some of the critics attach more importance
to her style than to the other aspects of her C) No thanks! I was just wondering what it was
novels. like.
Dialogues
D) So I see you are familiar with the novel’s D) Actually, I have been wondering about doing
literary quality. so.
E) They are right; the style and characterization E) I wish I could. I wonder how you find time for
are unusually interesting. it.
320
MODADİL
6. Liz: 8. Charles:
– Do you think books for children should – Have you heard from your brother recently?
avoid social problems and unpleasant
subjects? Pat:
– Yes, I have. He’s really enjoying himself at
Clare: the Military Academy.
– No, I don’t. Do you?
Charles:
Liz: – ‑‑‑‑
– ‑‑‑‑
Pat:
Clare: – That was only natural. It really meant a new
– In fact, they can often face it better than start for him and he’d never even been away
adults can! from home before.
A) Certainly not! The children I know are quite A) He’ll do fine there. He’s a natural leader you
capable of facing reality. know.
www.modadil.com
B) I’m not sure. I don’t like to read about B) I knew he would be. That’s why I encouraged
unpleasant situations myself! him to go there.
C) No. But I think the best children’s books are C) Of course he is! An active life like that is
the imaginative ones. exactly right for him.
D) You know I’m very fond of fairy tales, and D) I’m sure he will be very satisfied with the
there are a lot of problems and evil characters training offered.
in them.
E) I’m glad to hear that. He seemed a bit worried
E) Yes I do. Let the children live in a good world about whether he would like it.
for as long as possible.
Test
9. Andy: 11. Molly: 1
– Who were the Wright brothers? – What do you know about Helen Keller?
Phil: Jane:
– To start with, they were bicycle repairmen in – Not very much, really, except that she was a
Ohio. remarkable woman.
Andy: Molly:
– ‑‑‑‑ – ‑‑‑‑
Phil: Jane:
– Because they were the first men to design – No. She could see and hear until she caught
an aircraft. scarlet fever when she was 19 months old.
A) Aren’t they connected with the aircraft A) Was she born blind and deaf?
industry?
B) Was she the only child?
B) Surely that’s not why they are famous! Or is
it? C) What made her so remarkable?
C) But why are they so famous? D) She must have had a great deal of courage!
Dialogues
D) Is that why no one took them seriously? E) When did she lose her eyesight?
E) Wasn’t it the wing design that made their

flying machines so successful?
321
MODADİL
10. Mary: 12. Peter:

– My train leaves at 8 o’clock, so when do you – How are you planning to spend the summer?
think I should leave the house?
Kevin:
Jenny: – I’ve got a job at the local petrol station.
– You’ll be taking a taxi, I suppose?
Peter:
Mary: – ‑‑‑‑
– ‑‑‑‑
Kevin:
Jenny: – I really don’t know. I’ll do anything so long
– Even so, you’d better leave by 7. 30 as as I can earn a little money.
there’s a lot of traffic on the roads at that
time. A) Be sure to let me know when you start.
A) How far is the train station? Do you know? B) Is it open overnight?

www.modadil.com
B) Yes, of course. I’ve got a heavy suitcase. C) I did that once and quite enjoyed it, but the
hours were long.
C) Yes. But how far away is the station?
D) What a good idea! I might do the same.
D) Aren’t we in walking distance of the station?
E) What will you be doing there? Working in the
E) Yes. I’m calling a taxi right away. shop?
Test
1 13. Reg: 15. James:

– It says here that they’ve brought out a – Does your brother find his work in the bank
new ball ready for the next European interesting?
Championships.
Andrew:
Steve: – Yes. Usually anyway. In his opinion the worst
– Really? And what’s special about it? thing is the hours. There is often a lot of
overtime.
Reg:
– ‑‑‑‑ James:
– ‑‑‑‑
Steve:
– Oh! The goalkeepers won’t like that! Andrew:
– But all jobs have a fair bit of that.
A) It’s softer to kick, and so it will travel faster.
A) Yes. Someone else said that. But it is only
B) The same firm produces the official match certain times of the year, isn’t it?
balls for the World Cup too.
B) I wouldn’t mind that so long as the work is
C) It passed all the tests without any problems. interesting.
Dialogues
D) I don’t know. It looks like any other soccer ball C) Actually, I wouldn’t mind that. What I hate is
to me. routine work.
E) It costs much less than the traditional balls to D) It wouldn’t be a problem for me if you got paid
produce. extra for it.
322 E) But is there much variety in the work? That’s
really what I want to know.
MODADİL
14. Father: 16. Lucy:

– I see you’re reading another book on aircraft. – I hear Mary got the first prize in that painting
competition.
Son:
– Yes. I got this one out of the library today. Rosemary:
It’s right up to date on aircraft design. – ‑‑‑‑
Father: Lucy:
– ‑‑‑‑ – Did she really?
Son: Rosemary:
– Yes, I hope so. That’s certainly what I want to – Yes she did. I saw her painting and it really
specialize in. was good.
A) Are you going to make a career of aircraft A) She’s developing a new style that is most
www.modadil.com
design? interesting.
B) You’re not hoping to become a pilot, are you? B) Well, that’s a surprise! She’ll be pleased.
C) You’ve always been keen on aircraft, even as C) I thought she might. It was a good picture.
a child. D) She’s really a very talented young woman.
D) I can’t understand why you’re so interested in E) Oh, I’m so glad. She certainly deserved it.
them!
E) What are the major stages of aircraft design?
Test
17. Tony: 19. Brother: 1
– Are you going on a walking holiday again – Did you make this cake Mary?
this year?
Sister:
Andrew: – Yes.
– No, I’m going on a cycling holiday. You can
get farther on a bike. Brother:
– ‑‑‑‑
Tony:
– ‑‑‑‑ Sister:
– Only a little! Don’t eat it if you don’t want to.
Andrew:
– No neither have I. It doesn’t matter. We don’t A) It’s not as good as the one mother makes.
have to go long distances everyday. B) I thought so. It’s burnt!
A) You know I’d love to join you, but I haven’t C) No one will marry you if that’s the best you
done much cycling. can do!
B) My ideas of the perfect holiday is something D) I’m going to make myself a sandwich.
much more restful.
E) Good for you! This is as good as mother’s
Dialogues
C) Where are you thinking of going? Somewhere cake!
mountainous?
D) That would be too energetic for me. I’m lazy, I
suppose.
E) I think it’s time I did something more 323
adventurous like that.
MODADİL
18. Jane: 20. Janet:

– Did you enjoy the play, Pelin? – Will you be inviting Susan to your party?
Pelin: Lucy:
– Very much. Thank you for organising the – No I won’t. You know I don’t like her.
evening.
Janet:
Jane: – ‑‑‑‑
– ‑‑‑‑
Lucy:
Pelin: – You’re quite right. I’ll ask her.
– More or less. My English isn’t good, but I did
get the general idea. A) I wasn’t expecting you to. But if you were
going to, I wouldn’t come.
A) The acting was very good. In particular I liked
www.modadil.com
the old aunt. B) No. Neither do I. I think she gossips a lot.

B) I make a point of going to all the plays in C) I know you don’t. But she’s been having such
town. a hard time lately. A change would do her
good.
C) What did you think of the settings and the
costumes? D) She behaved so badly at Polly’s party, do you
remember?
D) I hope you managed to follow the story.
E) None of us does. She’s so proud of herself.
E) Actually, I thought it was a particularly
interesting play.
Test
1 21. Brian: 23. Anna:

– Dad, I need a new pair of sports shoes. – Excuse me, could you tell me where Julia
Sullivan’s office is?
Father:
– What? It seems like only a month since I Rebecca:
bought you a pair. – ‑‑‑‑
Brian: Anna:
– ‑‑‑‑ – Yes, that’s right.
Father: Rebecca:
– That’s all right, you win. We’ll buy a better – Well, you are on the wrong floor. Her office is
pair this time. on the seventh floor.
A) Thanks, but I don’t need any new ones now; A) Why do you want to see her? Is she expecting
I’ll let you know when I do. you?
B) No, it’s at least a year. Actually, they’ve lasted B) Do you have an appointment with her?
well.
C) She isn’t in her office. She is out today.
C) These were a birthday present from my uncle.
Dialogues
Don’t you remember? D) Julia Sullivan? Isn’t she in the marketing

department?
D) They are absolutely fine. They’ll last another
year at least. E) She is on holiday. She’ll be back next week.
E) Two months, actually. But they were cheap,

324 and I told you they wouldn’t last.
MODADİL
22. James: 24. Jane:

– Do you know where I can hire a car? – Sorry, I had to ring the doorbell.
Mark: Mary:
– ‑‑‑‑ – ‑‑‑‑
James: Jane:
– I’d really appreciate that. Are you sure you – No, I seem to have lost it.
don’t need it?
Mary:
Mark: – Then I’d better let you have my spare key.
– No, I don’t need it before nextweek.
A) I think we should let you have the other key.
A) Hiring a car is expensive. Why don’t you
B) Don’t tell me you’ve lost your key again!
www.modadil.com
borrow my car?
B) Well, there are lots of car rental agencies. You C) I wish you hadn’t. Where is your key?
can find their phone numbers in the yellow D) That’s all right. By the way, I’ve got a new key
pages. for you.
C) Sorry, I have no idea about where you can E) Didn’t you have your key with you?
hire a car.
D) I think, you’d better take a taxi.
E) There is a car rental agency at the end of this
street on your left.
Test
25. Peter: 27. Roger: 1
– Are you going to the south coast again this – Where will the new bridge be?
summer?
Bill:
Dave: – Five miles downstream
– No, I’m doing something different this year.
I’m going climbing in Scotland. Roger:
– ‑‑‑‑
Pete:
– ‑‑‑‑ Bill:
– No, the rock formation isn’t suitable.
Dave:
– I haven’t done it before. This will be the first A) People living there won’t be pleased, will
time. they?
A) Really? I didn’t even know you climbed. B) Have the engineers submitted their plans?
B) What a good idea! But why in Scotland? C) Couldn’t they build it near here?
C) That sounds fun! I might join you. D) But the river is very wide there.
D) Well, let me know how you find Scotland. E) There’s already a good road there.
Dialogues
E) Well, let me know how you get on. I might join
you another time.
325
MODADİL
26. Mary: 28. David:

– What’s in that bottle? – I thought there was an abundance of
Paul: aluminium in the earth’s crust.
– Sulphuric acid. Peter:
Mary: – There is.
– ‑‑‑‑? David:
Paul: – ‑‑‑‑?
– Yes. I am sorry. I’ll do it straight away. Peter:
A) Don’t you know that all dangerous substances – Because most of it is not in a form that can
have to be properly labelled be removed and processed at a profit.
B) Do you mind if I use some of it in my A) Then what is special about bauxite

www.modadil.com
experiment B) Is it really necessary to import so much

C) Do you know where all the acids and other C) Where are the major deposits in France
dangerous substances are kept
D) Then why is it in short supply
D) Then what is it doing here
E) Are processing costs stil going up
E) You haven’t been burned, have you
Test
1 29. Fred: 30. Farmer:

– What’s the first item on the agenda? – What can I do to increase the harvest?
Ben: Expert:
– Rubbish disposal and the recycling of waste. – Well, there are a number of ways I can
suggest. One is irrigation.
Fred:
– ‑‑‑‑ Farmer:
– ‑‑‑‑?
Ben:
– I know it is. But no one takes it seriously. Expert:
One day we’ll have to, though! – Quite a lot. I’m afraid.
A) It just can’t be done under these A) Yes, but how much expense will that entail
circumstances.
B) You mean a modern irrigation method
B) But we discussed that last week.
C) Are you trained in irrigation engineering
C) Then what follows?
D) Do you think there is plenty of underground
D) Who’s brought this subject up? water
Dialogues
E) That’s always on the agenda E) The rainfall in this region is adequate, isn’t it
326
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
DIALOGUES 2
3. Alison:
bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi – How was the exhibition?
bulunuz. Roger:
– ‑‑‑‑
1. Son:
– Has Ankara changed much? Alison:
– Let me know when that will be and I’ll try to
Father: join you.
– ‑‑‑‑
Roger:
Son: – Yes, do. You’ll enjoy it.
– Well?
A) Not bad at all. But it’s been quite severely
Father: criticized in some quarters.
– Is that there is a whole new Ankara growing
up where before there were only fields. B) Well worth a visit. In fact I want to go back
and look around again at leisure.
A) Yes the parts I knew have changed almost
beyond recognition; but the really surprising C) Perfect. In fact I even bought two pictures.
thing...
D) Rather disappointing. I’d been warned, but
B) Right, you really need to see it for yourself; in
fact...
didn’t take those warnings seriously. 327
E) There’s some good work on view. Pat’s going
C) You won’t believe me if I tell you... again tomorrow.
D) Well, not the center so much but once you get
to the outskirts of the city...
E) Another time I’ll take you. I wouldn’t be
surprised.
MODADİL
4. Mrs. Marlowe:
2. Mrs. Lawson:
– Did you get a chance to see that house out
– You’re looking depressed or frustrated or at Richmond?
something.
Mr. Lawson: Mr. Marlowe:
– It’s that big order we’ve been working so – Yes. It’s light and spacious. Just what we’re
hard on for weeks. looking for. But it’s in really bad condition.
Mrs. Lawson: Mrs. Marlowe:

– Well? What’s happened? – ‑‑‑‑
Mr. Lawson: Mr. Marlowe:
www.modadil.com
– ‑‑‑‑ – Yes. But the cost would be excessive.

A) They’ve agreed to the terms we offered so A) Well, can’t we get it repaired and done up?
now all is under control.
B) Are there no good points?
B) We’ve got it. The agreement was signed
today. C) Won’t they bring the price down?
C) There are still a few details to settle, but the D) Is the garden a big one?
order, thank goodness, is ours. E) Then I’ll take a look at it tomorrow!
D) All’s going fine. The solicitor is drawing up the
agreement.
E) Our rivals have pushed in and got the lot.
Test
2 5. Andy: 7. Dr. Ward:

– What’s your program for the weekend? – How’s that patient of yours doing? Is there
any change in his condition yet?
Barbara:
– ‑‑‑‑ Dr. Stone:
– ‑‑‑‑
Andy:
– Really? But you never ever go to the cinema Dr. Ward:
– So you are starting to be hopeful?
Barbara:
– I know. But this film seems to be one that Dr. Stone:
everyone must see. – I wish I could be. But it’s too early yet.
A) I don’t know. But I’d rather like to see a show. A) It’s the most puzzling case I’ve had in years.
B) All I’ve fixed so far is to go shopping with B) None whatsoever.
Jane.
C) I think perhaps he is just beginning to respond
C) I’ve not really fixed anything yet. But to treatment.
sometime I’m determined to see that film at
the Capital. D) No. And there seems to be nothing we can do
Dialogues
for him.
D) It doesn’t matter. Perhaps we could go and
visit my parents. E) Oh yes! He’s making an unexpected recovery.
E) It doesn’t matter so long as I get a chance to

relax.
328
MODADİL
6. Son: 8. Andrew:
– Sales are at an all‑time‑high at present, so – Apparently, the department can take out
surely we can relax a little now. subscriptions for three more journals.
Father: Malcom:
– ‑‑‑‑ – ‑‑‑‑
Son: Andrew:
– Which means that whether sales are good or – Don’t ask me, ask Tony. He’s the authority
bad we just keep on working flat hour. you know.
Father: Malcom:
– Right. That’s exactly what I mean. – I know he is, but his taste is rather too
A) Sales never stay constant. They always go up erudite for most of us.
www.modadil.com
or down. A) How can we order them?

B) I think it’s my turn to relax, not yours. B) Have you any suggestions?
C) Yes. Take a day or two off if you want to C) Which should we cancel?
D) Certainly not. Now we work all out to keep D) Has your essay been accepted?
them there.
E) Have the ones we loaned out come back?
E) It’s up to you. Do you think we can afford to
relax?
Test
9. Mrs Smart: 11. Alan: 2
– How is Barry getting on in his new job? – Have you read Blake’s review on the play in
The Times?
Mrs Prom:
– Well, he doesn’t complain, but clearly he David:
finds it very tiring. – Yes, I have. And I think it’s most unfair.
Mrs Smart: Alan:
– ‑‑‑‑ – ‑‑‑‑
Mrs Prom: David:
– Yes, I suppose you’re right. – Well, that just shows he hasn’t understood
the least thing about the play.
A) Can’t his uncle help him to a job in the bank?
A) Of course it was. That’s what one expects of a
B) Oh, I am sorry to hear that. review by Blake.
C) He’s only complaining since he wants some B) I have too. It will be interesting to see what
sympathy. other critics think.
D) That’s only natural. He hasn’t had time yet to C) Well, I don’t know. In my opinion, it’s the best
get used to the work.
Dialogues
play he’s written to date.
E) What’s the salary like? Is it worth it? D) Do you really? I don’t know what he really
intends to achieve.
E) So do I. His comments on the artificiality
of the dialogue in particular are quite 329
unacceptable.
MODADİL
10. Mary: 12. Secretary:

– You’re looking depressed. What’s the – When can you give me the report for typing?
matter?
Ms Baines:
Peter: – ‑‑‑‑
– ‑‑‑‑
Secretary:
Mary: – Well; yes, it is, rather.
– Well, it’s only Wednesday today. It will be
over by the weekend. Ms Baines:
– Then I’ll do my best to get it to you on
Peter: Thursday.
– I certainly hope it will.
A) I put it on your desk an hour ago. Haven’t you
A) It’s the weather! I was planning to go camping seen it?
www.modadil.com
at the weekend and just look at the rain.

B) How about Friday? Or is that late?
B) Nothing really. I was just wondering what I
should do at the weekend. C) It’s not very long, is it?
C) I was just wishing it were Friday today. D) Some time next week. Will that give you
plenty of time?
D) No. I’m not feeling depressed. I have no
reason to. E) The first half is ok. Would you like to make a
start with it?
E) It looks as though I shall have to work
overtime for the next month.
Test
2 13. James: 15. Richard:

– I’ll see you at Murray’s lecture. – Are the police stil detaining him?
Nigel: Malcolm:
– I’m not sure that I’m going. – Yes, I’m afraid they are. But I just can’t
believe he’d do a thing like that.
James:
– ‑‑‑‑ Richard:
– ‑‑‑‑
Nigel:
– Then in that case I will. Malcolm:
– So do I.
A) He knows a lot but can’t make anything
interesting. A) Of course he wouldn’t. I just wish we could
find a way of helping him.
B) What’s he teaching on any way?
B) I’m not so sure. I don’t like him at all.
C) I wouldn’t if I didn’t feel I had to.
C) Why do you say that?
D) You must. I saw him yesterday and he’s
expecting us both. D) Do you suppose there’ll be a trial?
Dialogues
E) Neither am I. We’ll decide tomorrow. E) As far as I know there’s not much evidence
against him.
330
MODADİL
16. Alan:
14. Ms Martin:
– Where’s your computer. You do have one,
– I’ve just been reading an article on cosmetic don’t you?
surgery.
Mark:
Mr. Martin:
– ‑‑‑‑
– I don’t want to hear about it. It’s just a waste
of money. Alan:
Ms Martin: – Will that take long?
– ‑‑‑‑ Mark:
Mr. Martin: – I don’t think so; they’ll give me a ring when
it’s ready.
– Perhaps not. But that doesn’t affect my
opinion. A) Yes over there. I was told to take it out of the
sun.
A) Ten years from now you may be more
www.modadil.com
interested. B) No. I’ve given it to my brother.

B) A lot of people regard it as money well spent. C) Well, I used it so rarely I decided to get rid of
it.
C) Not everyone agrees with you there.
D) Not any longer. I didn’t seem able to learn
D) Mrs. Sutton absolutely looks years younger. how to use it.
E) I’ll leave it here and you can read it. E) Yes, but at the moment it’s being repaired.
Test
17. Mr. Drakes: 19. Mrs. Frazer: 2
– I hope you’ve kept the afternoon free of – I was sorry to hear your mother had been
appointment? taken ill. How is she doing now?
Secretary: Mrs. Seymour:
– ‑‑‑‑ – She is much better, thank you. She leaves
hospital tomorrow.
Mr. Drakes:
– But that cuts right into the afternoon and Mrs. Frazer:
you know I have next month’s schedule to – ‑‑‑‑
plan out.
Mrs. Seymour:
Secretary: – Yes do. I’m sure she’ll be very pleased to see
– I had no choice. It’s the manager who wants you.
to see you.
A) What has actually been the matter with her?
A) Well, you did tell Mr. Bainbridge he could
leave early. B) What a relief that must be to you.
B) No, of course I remembered. C) Does she really? Wonderful! Then I’ll go and
visit her next day.
Dialogues
C) I thought I had to keep tomorrow free.
D) Is there anything I can do to help you? You
D) Not quite; you’ll be busy between three thirty will let me know if I can, won’t you?
and four o’clock.
E) I think everyone is telling her to rest and take
E) All callers have been told you are out of town. life easy.
331
MODADİL
18. Clive: 20. Paul:

– Can you recommend a good restaurant? My – I see you are reading Trevor’s latest novel.
usual place is fully booked. What is it like?
Graham: Mathew:
– ‑‑‑‑ – It is not one of his best.
Clive: Paul:
– That’s not too important. It’s a business – ‑‑‑‑
lunch. I want somewhere where we can talk.
Mathew:
A) What sort of a price range do you have in – And deservedly so.
mind?
A) That seems to be the general opinion.
B) What’s the occasion? A family get together?
B) I don’t agree. This is the only one I’ve really
www.modadil.com
C) Is that where we ate together the other found stimulating.

evening?
C) His characters are all types from the
D) Have you tried the new fish restaurant on underworld.
Exeter Road?
D) He seems to draw much on Agatha Christie.
E) I’m afraid I can’t help; I so occasionally dine
out. E) Usually his characterization is good but the
background is poor.
Test
2 21. Receptionist: 23. James:

– Sengo Kitchen Equipment. Can I help you? – Let’s eat out tonight. Where would you like
to go?
Customer:
– Yes, there’s something wrong with the fridge Helen:
I bought from you last year. – ‑‑‑‑
Receptionist: James:
– ‑‑‑‑ – Good idea! Which one?
Customer: Helen:
– Thank you very much. – The Japanese one.
A) How long is it since you got it serviced? A) You choose. You eat out more than I do.
B) Have you kept the guarantee? B) Anywhere, as long as the food is good.
C) Please explain carefully just exactly what the C) Will there be time for a quick snack before the
problem is. film starts?
D) Then, I’ll put you through to the Servicing D) Well, certainly not that place you took me to
Dialogues
Department. last week.

E) That’s strange, there’s never been a E) Shall we try one of those new foreign
complaint about them before. restaurants Giles was recommending?
332
MODADİL
22. Secretary: 24. Alison:

– Oh! I’m sorry I didn’t realize there was a – What’s the problem? You’re looking
meeting going on here. annoyed?
Mr. Howard: Mavis:
– Well, actually it is more or less over. What – I’m feeling annoyed.
did you want?
Alison:
Secretary: – ‑‑‑‑
– ‑‑‑‑
Mavis:
Mr. Howard: – Well, who do you think? There’s only one
– That’s all right; you can do it right away. person who can get me this angry.
A) I was looking for Mr. Stevens. I don’t think A) There is no point in telling me! Just forget it.
you’ve seen him, have you?
www.modadil.com
B) You get annoyed too easily these days. Try to

B) I was just going to check something in one of keep calm.
the files; but I’ll come back later.
C) What’s happened now? But perhaps you’d
C) Nothing really! I just felt like a break. better forget it.
D) I was wondering if you needed something to D) Well, tell me about it. Who has been annoying
drink. you?
E) Someone said the telephone is out of order, is E) Well, who doesn’t find something to get
that so? annoyed about these days?
Test
25. Mary: 27. Peter: 2
– You’re remarkably patient with Pam! Don’t – One shouldn’t forget that the West has
you know she just loves a sympathetic contributed much to the development of the
listener? Third World.
Sally: Mark:
– ‑‑‑‑ – ‑‑‑‑
Mary: Peter:
– I didn’t realize that. In what way? – I suppose you are referring to the fact
that the West is benefiting from an
Sally: ever‑expanding market for its goods.
– In lots of ways. She’s got family problems,
Money problems and health problems. Mark:
– Yes, I certainly am.
A) Yes, I think she does. But doesn’t everyone?
A) Nor should one forget that the Third World
B) Yes, perhaps I am. But after all she is my has also put a great deal of effort into its own
niece. development.
C) Yes, of course I do. But life really has been B) I still maintain that the reasons for this are
Dialogues
hard on her. philanthropic as well as political.
D) Why do you say that? You know what she’s C) Yet, remember that in most Third World
going through, don’t you? countries living conditions have got worse
E) Well, your problems aren’t her problems. over recent decades.
D) True; but in my opinion the reasons have 333
been largely mercenary.
E) The rate of development in some of these
countries has been disappearing.
MODADİL
26. Interviewer: 28. Amy:

– To start with Ms Gibbs, would you like to tell – I got the results of the laboratory tests today.
me why you are applying for this post?
Brenda:
Ms Gibbs: – I am sure they were good.
– Well, I’ve been in my present post now for 3
years and feel it is time to make a change. Amy:
– ‑‑‑‑
Interviewer:
– ‑‑‑‑ Brenda:
– You don’t have to. I can see it in your face!
Ms Gibbs:
– No, I’m not. But in the case of a first job it A) They certainly were. I shall be able to get my
usually is. thesis finished within a month.
www.modadil.com
A) Are you then saying that 3 years is long B) Yes they were; I can’t tell you how relieved I
enough in any position? feel.
B) Are you unhappy in your present job? C) Well, most of them were. One has to be done
again.
C) Are you experienced in a particular field of the
pharmaceutical industry? D) More or less what I expected. Just one turned
out to be a surprise. I’ll have to do a bit more
D) Definitely there must be some other reasons research on that.
for your desire for a change.
E) They were actually. We’ll eat out and
E) Do you feel you have enough experience to celebrate.
be successful in a post like this?
Test
2 29. Jennifer: 31. Interviewer:

– Can you give me some advice on choosing a – Did you get the overwhelming support of the
programme for my master’s degree? women in your constituency?
Sylvia: Alice:
– ‑‑‑‑ – ‑‑‑‑
Jennifer: Interviewer:
– What do you mean by that? Money? – How do you account for that?
Sylvia: Alice:
– Well, that too. But more important will be – I suppose the issue I talked about were not
time, energy and effort. of primary concern to them.
A) What’s your aim in choosing our university? A) Probably. There are more women than men in
the constituency.
B) Yes; but I need to know how much you are
prepared to give. B) I really have no idea.
C) Most programmes are more or less similar. C) Yes, I think so. But the men voted too.
Dialogues
D) Forget it! You’re sufficiently well qualified as D) Yes, and I have already thanked them.
you are.
E) No. I don’t think I did.
E) First let me find out whether or not you are
serious of purpose.
334
MODADİL
30. Rupert: 32. Brian:

– Have you been following developments in – Have the police asked for your version of the
Poland lately? story yet?
David: Peter:
– ‑‑‑‑ – No, not yet. But they did say I should try to
avoid discussing the matter.
Rupert:
Brian:
– I want to send someone to the conference
there on new political developments. Would – ‑‑‑‑
you be interested? Peter:
David: – Did they really? It all seems extremely
– I most certainly would. serious.
A) Are you referring to the recent parliamentary A) They’ve been saying that to everyone, but to
elections? no influence.
B) Well, we do try not to. But it’s on everyone’s
www.modadil.com
B) No. I’ve lost interest in what’s going on there.

mind.
C) No. Why? Has something of note happened
there recently? C) They told me the same thing.
D) No. Keeping up with developments in the D) I gave my version yesterday. But they didn’t
Balkans is as much as I can manage these seem interested.
days. E) But that’s not easy as they very well know.
E) As a matter of fact I have. Why do you ask?
Test
33. John: 35. Andrew: 2
– Clare seemed very animated! What was she – How was your holiday in Budapest? Did you
talking to you about? find it expensive?
Brenda: Roger:
– Oh. Her new job. And the people she is – ‑‑‑‑
working with.
Andrew:
John: – Really? I didn’t realize you’d even been there
– ‑‑‑‑ before.
Brenda: Roger:
– She may do. Let’s hope so. – Oh yes. I was stationed there for nearly five
years. I only left in 1993.
A) Does she look like making a success of it this
time. A) It’s a most interesting city. You really should
see it yourself.
B) What’s she doing there? Is she a receptionist?
B) I think it was ‑ but I was there on business, so
C) What’s the salary like? Is she satisfied? it was all on the firm.
D) I hope this will prove to be a satisfactory post
Dialogues
C) I was much too busy to do any shopping.
for her.
D) There were some beautifully hand‑made
E) I guess you told her she was lucky to get any articles that you could buy very cheaply.
job at all.
E) No. But I know the city well, so I can manage
cheaply. 335
MODADİL
34. Mr. Robinson: 36. Edward:

– What happened to the phone? I’ve been – I hear Jane has had another novel published.
trying to get to you all afternoon. Have you read any of the reviews?
Mrs. Robinson: Barry:
– It’s out of order. – No. And frankly I’m not very interested in her
Mr. Robinson: any longer.
– ‑‑‑‑ Edward:
Mrs. Robinson: – ‑‑‑‑
– I think all the lines in our neighbourhood are Barry:
being changed. – That was true five or six years ago, but not
A) Are you sure? any longer.
B) Do you know why? A) I overheard Whitten saying this is her best
www.modadil.com
novel ever.
C) Since when?
B) Why is that? I thought she was generally
D) When did that occur? regarded as quite the most gifted of our
E) Who said so? younger novelists.
C) Actually I was planning to include her in my
thesis.
D) Is her work really as erudite as so many of
your reviews suggest?
E) Would you agree that her early work is largely
autobiographical but that she is now using
more abstract subjects?
Test
2 37. Mable: 39. Andrew:

– Tell us about your holiday. You went to the – Well, Miss Claremont is clearly the best
Galapagos Islands, didn’t you? qualified of all the applicants.
Ursula: Molly:
– ‑‑‑‑ – Yes. I know she is.
Mable: Andrew:
– What do you mean by that? – Well. What’s worrying you then?
Ursula: Molly:
– Well, all the wild creatures, the sea lions for – ‑‑‑‑
instance, were quite without fear and played
around our feet. A) How about Miss Blake? She seemed pleasant
enough.
A) That’s right. And it was fascinating. The best
was the wild life, which was not wild at all. B) I’m afraid she’ll disturb the team spirit we’ve
built up.
B) Yes. They’re a group of islands off the coast
of Ecuador. C) She’s quite charming. But she’s well below
average intelligent.
Dialogues
C) Not really. We sailed past them but didn’t stop

there to see the wild life. D) Was our advertisement correctly worded?
D) Alright. I’ll tell you about it when I’ve collected E) The advantages of increased productivity are
some more information about the wild life rapidly becoming clear.
there.
336
E) I had planned to, but in the end the holiday
had to be called off for various reasons.
MODADİL
38. Michael:
– How can a small television company 40. Mary:
compete against these commercial giants? – Apart from the news and wild‑life
programmes, what else do you watch on
Rupert: TV?
– ‑‑‑‑
Philip:
Michael: – ‑‑‑‑
– Go on.
Mary:
Rupert: – I do agree, but occasionally there are some
– To start with, it should concentrate on good discussions and some good plays.
quality, not quantity.
Philip:
A) The figures this month show we’re making – Maybe. But most of the ones I have watched
www.modadil.com
good progress. have been very boring.

B) Why not? As there are so many channels A) I’d no idea you spent so much time watching
now, there’s work for everyone. TV.
C) It can’t. I should have thought that was B) Almost nothing. Do you?
obvious. It must do something different.
C) Only the plays are worth watching, aren’t
D) There’s always a market for goods that are they?
reasonably priced.
D) If it weren’t for my mother, I’d get rid of our TV.
E) If you are feeling like that we can always
declare ourselves bankrupt. E) Actually very little. There’s so much rubbish
on at present.
Test
41. Jenny: 43. Reader: 2
– What are you reading? It’s made you – I enjoyed reading your recent book on the
annoyed. Central Asian republics.
Norman: Author:
– ‑‑‑‑ – I am pleased to hear that. What is it that
makes the book so enjoyable for you?
Jenny:
Reader:
– And presumably nothing is being done
– ‑‑‑‑
about it.
Author:
Norman:
– That is exactly right. I traveled extensively in
– Nothing at all. But two superfluous sports these republics and observed them carefully.
centers are being constructed there.
A) I understand writing interestingly about less
A) I was reading about the new inner city traffic exotic countries is much harder.
regulations.
B) Oh, the details. It’s clear you’re giving us
B) Yes, I think it does. Actually more sad than first‑hand information.
annoyed.
C) Unfortunately, most of the descriptions fail to
Dialogues
C) True. They’ve just caught some children of get beneath the surface of events.
twelve taking drugs. D) You seem to be somewhat prejudiced against
D) Indeed it has. The number of homeless their culture.
people in the capital now exceeds 5,000 and E) I wonder how relevant your arguments are
continues to increase. to the social and political realities of these
republics. 337
E) Precisely. It says every effort is being made to
ensure that the children’s every need is being
met.
MODADİL
42. Interviewer: 44. Tony:

– Tell me, what was it about our advertisement – We are organizing a seminar next month for
that appealed to you? company executives.
Mr. Bingley: Arthur:
– ‑‑‑‑ – Good for you. What is it about?
Interviewer: Tony:
– Why is that? – “Complexity in Business.” We see
businesses as complex systems, and recent
Mr. Bingley: research offers powerful new approaches to
– Because I have a lot of experience behind make them more robust and competitive.
me and feel I still have a lot to offer; but I Arthur:
don’t want full time employment any more. – ‑‑‑‑
www.modadil.com
A) Since you aren’t asking for experience, just A) Some of the topics under discussion are of
someone who is well‑qualified. little interest to practitioners in global finance.
B) Well, the salary is good. B) I can’t see how most companies will survive
the recession. Do you?
C) The fact that you are employing people on a
part‑time basis. C) I am afraid some measures will have to
be introduced to make the company more
D) I’m not enjoying being retired, so I thought I’d efficient.
get myself a job again.
D) And also more adaptive to rapidly changing
E) The job description is close to what I’ve been economic environments.
doing for the last five years.
E) I think more economic research is needed
to explain the causes of the current gloom
throughout the business world.
Test
2 45. John: 47. Receptionist:

– Have you had a chance to take a look at my – Hi, Mr. Sullivan. Good to see you again.
article?
Customer:
Colleague: – Are you talking to me?
– Yes, I have. On the whole, it is fine work,
but... Receptionist:
– Of course, Mr. Sullivan. I’d recognize you
John: anywhere. You haven’t changed a bit!
– ‑‑‑‑
Customer:
Colleague: – ‑‑‑‑
– Well, there are one or two discrepancies
which need to be removed. A) When did you get this job? Are you pleased
with it?
A) I knew you would like it. I worked hard on it.
B) I may forget names but I never forget a face.
B) There’s something bothering you. Please tell
me frankly what it is. C) You look tired. You must have been working
hard recently.
C) I can see you are much impressed by it.
Dialogues
D) This is my first time here. Is there a place

D) I don’t think you have grasped the core nearby where I can get a map of the town?
argument in it.
E) I am afraid you must have mistaken me for
E) I see why you look so upset. someone else.
338
MODADİL
46. Child: 48. Professor:

– What is that little animal? – Gauguin was born in 1848 in Paris, and he
was a self‑taught artist.
Father:
– That little tiny lizard? Student:
– Sorry to interrupt you. What do you mean by
Child: “he was a self‑taught artist”?
– You call it a lizard? Does it bite? Is it
poisonous? Professor:
– I mean he didn’t attend an art school for
Father: professional training; he began as an
– ‑‑‑‑ amateur painter and developed his own style
A) Shall I catch it for you? through practice.
B) I have caught many of them. Student:

– ‑‑‑‑
www.modadil.com
C) Certainly not; it’s quite harmless.

A) Which means that for some artists, art school
D) A lovely little animal, isn’t it? training isn’t essential.
E) Would you like to hold it? B) You mean that he had a strong longing for the
primitive?
C) That is to say that he traveled a great deal in
his early youth.
D) That explains why there is nothing individual
in his style.
E) Thus, his family suffered much hardship while
he was away painting in the South Seas.
Test
49. Jennifer: 50. Jane: 2
– Hi mum! It’s Jennifer. – What’s your new secretary like?
Mother: Brian:
– Yes dear, is all going well? Do you need any – ‑‑‑‑
help?
Jane:
Jennifer: – No, I really wanted to know if she’s a good
– ‑‑‑‑ secretary; efficient and so on.
Mother: Brian:
– Of course not! How could I have done? – Oh yes; she’s very competent and
hardworking. The boss chose her!
A) No I don’t. But I do feel excited!
A) I really don’t know. She was with the old
B) Not just now; maybe I will later. You will come secretary all day learning about the things she
early, won’t you? has to do.
C) No; I just wanted to make sure you hadn’t B) It’s too early to say yet. She’s only been with
forgotten about the concert tonight. me for a day.
D) I’m fine thanks. What will you be wearing for
Dialogues
C) I’ve been far too busy to notice.
the concert? Wear something plain!
D) Ask me again next week when I’ll probably
E) Not really. All is in order. We might have know what she can do.
another short rehearsal.
E) In appearance, do you mean? Well, she’s
turned forty and rather plain. 339
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
3 DIALOGUES
3. Jill:
bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi – We’re collecting money for the cleaning lady.
bulunuz. Molly:
– Really? Why?
1. Andrew:
– Have you read the Government’s new report Jill:
concerning health and safety legislation? – ‑‑‑‑
James: Molly:
– Not yet. But I intend to. – Oh, how lovely! Yes of course, we must get a
present for him.
Andrew:
– ‑‑‑‑ A) I thought you knew! Her husband is back in
hospital and they will operate on him.
James:
B) She has been out of work for a long time
– I’ll let you know. It has certainly aroused a while now and really has some bad money
lot of interest. problems.
A) I shouldn’t bother. There is nothing of interest C) Haven’t you heard? Her first grandson was
in it. born last week.
340 B) In that case I’ll lend you my copy. D) Her purse was stolen last week; at least that’s
C) It’s short and to the point since it gives a full what she says.
account of the causes of the problem. E) I really don’t know, either. But everyone
D) Then what did you think of the distinction seems to think we ought to.
made between “risk” and “hazard”?
E) Yes you should. I’ll be interested to hear what
MODADİL
you think about it.
4. James:
2. Mr. Fuller:
– Do you think Miss Thrope is really going to
– Well, how did the shopping expedition go? resign?
Mrs. Fuller: Peter:
– Well, we bought some lovely things, but... – ‑‑‑‑
Mr. Fuller: James:
– ‑‑‑‑ – Why do you say that?
Mrs. Fuller: Peter:
– Yes. I’m afraid that’s the case.
www.modadil.com
– It’s time someone taught the boss a lesson.

A) Then why do you say “but”? A) I don’t think so. Everything will be forgotten by
B) But what? I suppose you spent more than you next week.
intended to; is that it? B) I have no idea. What do you think?
C) Well then, show me everything. C) She may. It won’t make much difference any
D) Was there any money left over for a new shirt way.
for me? D) I’m not too sure. But I certainly hope she
E) You got back very early considering you went does.
with Mary. E) Anyhow, she’s making a lot of fuss about
nothing.
Test
5. Allan: 7. Laura: 3
– When should we break the news to him? – They are spending awful lot on advertising
their new range of hair‑care.
Patricia:
– ‑‑‑‑ David:
– ‑‑‑‑
Allan:
– I quite agree. So, shall we say this evening? Laura:
– What? A poor product?
Patricia:
– Agreed. David:
– Yes; very often it does anyhow.
A) The sooner the better in my opinion.
A) Really? I hadn’t noticed any.
B) Well, shall we say sometime tomorrow?
B) I think they need to. There are so many
C) We’d better wait a week or so. hair‑care products.
D) Whenever you think best. C) And you know what excessive advertising
E) I thought the doctor had just told him. usually means don’t you?
D) Well, they haven’t produced a new range for a
Dialogues
long time.
E) They don’t need to. Their products are
well‑known and much appreciated.
341
6. Anne: 8. Andrew:
MODADİL
– I thought Helen and Mary were good friends. – Why, if inflation is falling, has the Bank of
David: England raised interest rates?
– ‑‑‑‑ Gerald:
Anne: – ‑‑‑‑
– What happened then? Andrew:
David: – Well, yes; I suppose that makes sense.
– I don’t know. But they are hardly on Gerald:
speaking terms now. – And also, the present situation is such as to
A) Yes; but Mary is rather a difficult person, you justify a small rise now.
know. A) I didn’t realize it had. We’d better see what
B) Well, aren’t they? “The Financial Times” says about it.
C) Oh they are. But their interests are quite B) Well, like you I can only make a guess: but
different. it seems to me there is something odd going
on.
www.modadil.com
D) They used to be. But not any longer.

C) To tell you the truth, I’m pleased. There will be
E) They still are, aren’t they? a bit more in my bank account by the end of
the year.
D) Oh, it constantly goes up and down without
apparently any good reason.
E) I suppose because it is concerned, not about
present day inflation but about what it will be
two years ahead.
Test
3 9. Martin: 11. Matthew:

– Their latest advertising campaign is – Did you go to the theatre last night to see
scandalous. Rod Davis’ new play?
Edward: Carol:
– Yes. But technically they are within the law. – ‑‑‑‑
Martin: Matthew:
– ‑‑‑‑ – Why do you say that?
Edward: Carol:
– So do I. But there’s nothing we can do about – Well, I’d never heard of him before, so I
it. wasn’t expecting much.
A) I very much doubt it, in fact, I’m all for filing a A) Yes I did. And it was surprisingly good.
complaint against them.
B) No, my father suddenly arrived in town, so I
B) We can launch a similar campaign. spent the evening with him.
C) Are you quite sure about that? C) Yes, and it was as boring as his former play!
Dialogues
D) Still, I regard such tactics as completely D) No, I go tonight. And I’m looking forward to it.
unethical.
E) I couldn’t go, so I gave my ticket to my sister.
E) We must take some action. What do you
advise?
342
MODADİL
10. Jenny: 12. Adrian:

– How was the journey? – Are you going to that cocktail party this
evening?
Brian:
Jennifer:
– Quite pleasant, really. There was a gorgeous
sunset. – Yes, I am. It will be held in the garden, you
know.
Jenny:
Adrian:
– “Sunset,” did you say Brian?
– ‑‑‑‑
Brian:
Jennifer:
– ‑‑‑‑
– How true! I hadn’t thought of that.
A) The sun sets later here than in the east.
A) Will you going by car?
B) Yes, I rarely get the chance to see a sunset,
so I thoroughly enjoyed watching it. B) Are Jane and Mary coming, too?
C) If you want a really good sunset, there have to C) The Marsdens still haven’t decided whether to
www.modadil.com
be some clouds in the sky. go or not.
D) Yes, I find these short days and long nights D) That’s nice. We won’t be in a room full of
rather depressing. smoke.
E) I suppose I did. But I didn’t really mean to. E) Let’s go together. Can you come with me at 6
o’clock?
Test
13. Martin: 15. Mother: 3
– I’ve been reading about naval activities – Should I send my little son to his
during World War I. grandmother’s house as his brother Richard
has the mumps?
Colin:
– ‑‑‑‑ Doctor:
– ‑‑‑‑
Martin:
– Quite a lot. Did you know that British Mother:
submarines sank nearly 1,000 ships in – Why not?
European waters alone?
Doctor:
Colin: – Since you can’t prevent him from getting the
– No I didn’t. That’s quite an impressive figure. infection, you can only postpone it; and the
older he gets the more serious it is likely to
A) Well, are you now an expert in these matters? be.
B) Yes, I know that book; I’m not sure how A) No, I really do not recommend such a course.
dependable the information is.
B) Yes, I think that would be a very good idea.
C) If you find it interesting pass it on to me when
Dialogues
you’ve finished. C) No I don’t. He’s probably already caught it
anyway.
D) That’s a subject I don’t know much about.
D) You might as well let them both have it
E) Well, what have you learnt? together.
E) It’s not good to separate children when they 343
are ill. They can be very supportive of each
other.
MODADİL
16. Son:
14. Mavis: – If you were my age, what sort of career
– How are you getting on with that book? would you chose?
Gertrude Stein is supposed to be difficult to
read. Father:
– It seems to me that the electronics industry
Pat: would be an extremely exciting area in which
– Let’s say her style is unusual and you do to work.
need to get used to it.
Son:
Mavis: – ‑‑‑‑
– ‑‑‑‑
Father:
Pat: – More or less everything. It’s behind what’s
– Oh certainly. Her ideas are really very going on in other industries, from aerospace
www.modadil.com
interesting and stimulating. to telecommunications.

A) And how long does it take? A) Is it a job for a researcher or a practical
B) I think all good writers have their own person?
individual style. B) Tell me about it in detail.
C) Well, in the end, is it worth all the effort? C) Then what sort of a degree is required?
D) I don’t think I’d enjoy her. D) Well, what does it involve?
E) Does this special style of hers serve any E) How can I learn more about it?
useful purpose?
Test
3 17. Patrick: 19. Amy:

– I see the controversy over the use of – They say that Monet spent two weeks in
cameras to stop speeding continues. Madrid studying the paintings in the Prado
and ate almost nothing the whole while.
Ben:
– ‑‑‑‑ Jane:
– Do you think that is true?
Patrick:
– Well, some people say that visible cameras Amy:
are more effective, others that hidden ones – ‑‑‑‑
are.
Jane:
Ben: – Maybe it is true. But one shouldn’t believe all
– Well, whenever I have been caught it has one hears and reads.
been by hidden ones.
A) Really? His great words really all show a
A) I think we need them. There are more cars on strong Spanish influence.
the roads these days and more accidents.
B) I don’t know. That is what is alleged.
B) Something more than speed control is Apparently he hated Spanish food.
Dialogues
needed.
C) Obviously Spain attracted many painters
C) Yes; and I expect it will go on doing so. Which throughout the 19th century.
side are you on?
D) I know that the Prado is one of the greatest
D) That’s normal. Nobody wants them! museums in the world.
344 E) I wasn’t aware of it. What’s happening? E) I didn’t recognise that you were so interested
in Monet’s paintings.
MODADİL
20. Gregory:
18. Alison:
– Have you read much Thurber?
– What are you reading?
Robert:
Brenda:
– I can’t say that I have. But I seem to
– An article on tulips. Apparently when a remember that he often illustrates his
tulip is two‑coloured, this is due to a virus writings with drawings.
disease.
Gregory:
Alison:
– ‑‑‑‑
– ‑‑‑‑
Robert:
Brenda:
– Yes I remember now. There is apparently no
– So do I. detail, but they give a wonderful sense of
A) Really? How interesting! But actually I prefer movement.
the single‑coloured ones.
www.modadil.com
A) True; and the drawings are strangely

B) How can they be sure of that? unsophisticated and even crude.
C) I find it hard to believe. They are always B) He must be about the only modern author to
coming up with preposterous ideas. write fables.
D) I think it could be. I’ve certainly noticed that C) There is an interesting blend of the comic and
they aren’t as strong as the single‑coloured the serious in his writings.
ones. D) In fact, he deserves to be far better known
E) That’s a shame! Because really they are so than he is.
lovely? Don’t you agree? E) I always thought you were more familiar with
his works and those of his contemporaries.
Test
21. Garth: 23. Brian: 3
– What do you think of Carter’s appointment? – What’s on the agenda for the meeting?
Perry: Mark:
– I’m not sure. He can be very unscrupulous, – The first item is books, text books.
you know.
Brian:
Garth: – ‑‑‑‑
– ‑‑‑‑
Mark:
Perry: – Don’t you remember? At the end of last
– That’s also true. I really don’t know whether semester several staff members complained
I’m pleased or not. that the present ones were out‑ of‑date.
A) Why do you say that? A) Well, what about them?
B) Quite honestly, I’m not looking forward B) That will take up a lot of time!
to working under him. In fact I’m already
scanning the newspapers for job C) How many items are there altogether?
opportunities. D) That reminds me, you haven’t returned that
book I lent you.
Dialogues
C) Do you really think so? I’ve never seen that
side of him. E) We also should talk about science books.
D) That’s true. But it takes a man like him to keep
other men in order. Could be useful.
E) Did his appointment come as a surprise to 345
you?
MODADİL
22. Mary: 24. Mrs Fairbanks:

– Do you know anything about Ithaca? – How’s your mother these days?
Trevor: Mrs Curry:

– ‑‑‑‑ – Oh, reasonably well, I suppose, considering
her age.
Mary:
– But was it? Mrs Fairbanks:
– Has the arthritis cleared up then?
Trevor:
– It could have been excavations support the Mrs Curry:
supposition and so does the topography. – ‑‑‑‑
A) I can find it on the map for you. A) No one really understands what causes
rheumatoid arthritis.
www.modadil.com
B) Not much. Homer writes about it in The

Odysseus B) No. And I really don’t know how to help her
cope. She may have to go into hospital.
C) A little. Traditionally. It’s identified as home of
Odysseus. C) It’s really getting much worse and stops her
sleeping properly.
D) Yes, I’ve been there a couple of times.
D) Not entirely. But it is certainly less
E) Quite a lot. What do you wish to know about troublesome now than when you saw her.
it?
E) Fatigue and exposure to cold and damp seem
to aggravate the condition.
Test
3 25. Molly: 27. Barry:

– The farmers along the Eastern Black Sea – Have you ever heard of the Bridge to Asia
coast are complaining that growing tea is no organization?
longer economic.
Cliff:
Ralph: – ‑‑‑‑
– What do they mean by that?
Barry:
Molly: – It’s asking here for people to help developing
– ‑‑‑‑ countries in Asia by donating back issues of
serious journals to help fill the empty library
Ralph: shelves there.
– These days just about everyone is in the
same boat. Cliff:
– What an excellent idea! I hope they get a
A) Of course, a dry season always affects them good response.
badly.
A) It’s run by a group of rather peculiar people.
B) They mean they are working hard but not Avoid it!
making any profit.
Dialogues
B) Yes. It was closed down two weeks ago, and

C) I suppose they are really complaining about for a very good reason.
the prices of fertilizers and insecticides.
C) Can’t say that I have. What does it do?
D) In the shops, though, tea is really quite
expensive. D) Yes, I have. And I do not want to hear any
more about it.
346 E) They haven’t had a really good crop for
several years now. E) The information they give there is not very
reliable. Don’t take it seriously.
MODADİL
28. Mrs. Turner:

26. Matthew:
– How did the meeting go?
– Well, what did you think of the last
candidate? Mr. Turner:
Richard: – ‑‑‑‑
– He’s easily the best of the ones we’ve Mrs. Turner:
interviewed. – And is that due to your clever advertising
Matthew: techniques?
– ‑‑‑‑ Mr. Turner:
Richard: – I suppose it is. To some extent anyway.
– Yes, he does. And after all, that’s very high A) Everyone’s rather concerned because we’re
on our list of requirements. facing more competition than formerly.
www.modadil.com
A) Right. And he really does have a good B) Well enough. Actually, there wasn’t much to
command of spoken English. discuss and the chairman wanted to keep it
short.
B) Do you think so? I’m not quite sure myself.
C) It was a waste of time, as usual. There wasn’t
C) Undoubtedly. But I had hoped we’d find even anything of importance on the agenda.
someone more experienced in field work.
D) Fine. Four out of the five new products on the
D) And how bad most of them were! market are really selling well.
E) Let’s give him a try then. We really need E) Remarkably well. It was as if everyone had
someone urgently. decided to be as agreeable as possible!
Test
29. Kevin: 31. Sally: 3
– Why does England import so many – You know the old houses along the
milk products? I’m sure she could be Bosphorus with their softly colored wooden
self‑supporting. walls, actually enhance the views.
Jenny: Mark:
– ‑‑‑‑ – They do indeed! Not like the harsh white
concrete ones that ruin so many coastlines.
Kevin:
– Oh. It’s a question of you buy from me and Sally:
I’ll buy from you. – ‑‑‑‑
Jenny: Mark:
– Exactly. Agriculture is the world’s largest – No, let’s not.
industry and has to conform with the general
industrial plan considered desirable. A) Please don’t remind me of them.
A) Being self‑supporting isn’t necessarily an B) Let’s make sure it’s really safe, shall we?
advantage. C) I’d like to live in a house like that.
B) Do you honestly think so? I doubt it. D) You know I could live here. I’ll never tire of the
Dialogues
C) She could I suppose. But people like variety view.
and so foreign cheeses, for instance, are very E) Oh, don’t! Let’s think about them!
popular.
D) Of course she could. But actually it might be
cheaper to import. 347
E) Yes, she could. But it’s a question of finding
markets for her manufactured goods.
MODADİL
30. Mark: 32. Gwen:

– I see the servicemen who were ordered to – Apparently, Turkish textiles attracted a great
stand on the decks of their frigates during deal of attention in Britain as far back as the
hydrogen‑bomb tests in the Pacific some 10 16th century.
years ago, are going to court about it.
Jennifer:
Jason: – I suppose it was the striking designs that
– ‑‑‑‑ attracted people.
Mark: Gwen:
– That their life expectancy has been reduced – ‑‑‑‑
and that there is an unusually high rate of
genetic disorders among their children. Jennifer:
– Yes, now I remember. The quality of the
www.modadil.com
Jason: dyes was way ahead of anything in Europe.

– Well, if it is true, I certainly hope they win the
case. A) That, too, of course, but the high quality
production techniques were also admired.
A) That’s interesting. What do they claim?
B) Turkish woolen fabrics were known to be
B) I can’t remember the incident at all. extremely soft and strong.
C) People are always looking for easy ways to C) It was through the operas on Turkish themes
get money. that Europeans were first introduced to
D) Well, I suppose they may have a case. Turkish dress.
E) It won’t be easy to prove, that’s for sure. D) The paintings of certain Dutch artists are an
important source of information about early
Turkish carpet designs.
E) At that time, many English merchants were
trading with Turkey.
Test
3 33. David: 35. Reg:

– Can you recommend a book on astronomy? – Have you read this new book on Isaac
Preferably well‑illustrated and fairly Newton that everyone’s talking about?
elementary.
Harry:
The Salesman: – ‑‑‑‑
– Oh certainly. Take a look at this one.
Reg:
David: – Why not?
– ‑‑‑‑
Harry:
The Salesman: – I gather it’s not very scholarly and it’s rather
– Yes, indeed. And it’s full of practical disparaging of Newton.
information, too, even on the types of
telescopes you can buy. A) I’m still only half way through it.
A) A) You don’t regard this as a definitive B) I really didn’t know everyone was talking
guide to astronomy, do you? about it!
B) I think you need to know a fair bit about C) No, I haven’t. And I don’t intend to either.
Dialogues
astronomy before you can follow this. D) I’m not surprised. But it won’t be popular.
C) Astronomy is evolving rapidly so one needs to E) I gather it throws a new light on him; is that
up‑date one’s knowledge frequently. so?
D) Yes. It’s certainly got plenty of fascinating
photographs and diagrams and star maps.
348
E) I like the look of this. But what else do you
have?
MODADİL
34. Wife: 36. Alice:

– Why don’t you stop complaining about your – Listen to this: “The constraints facing
partners and set up in business on your investors today are no more serious than
own? yesterday – just more complex.”
Husband: Bruce:
– I’d love to! But it would be hard going for at – Well, what does that mean?
least three years! Alice:
Wife: – ‑‑‑‑
– ‑‑‑‑ Bruce:
Husband: – Yes, it sounds like a typical advert. No
– That’s a good point. Maybe, we shouldn’t put meaning but dressed up beautifully in
it off any longer. words.
www.modadil.com
A) I think we’d both be a lot happier. What’s A) I thought it would help you to decide how to
worrying you? invest your winnings.
B) What do you mean by that? That we’d be B) I’ve no idea; I was just reading a part of a
short of money? bank advert.
C) I wouldn’t mind that at all. C) Nothing at all to me. Shall I go on and read
some more to you?
D) Then let’s forget it! We can go on as we are.
D) I wish I had something to invest.
E) We can cope with a bit of hardship now. Ten
years hence it might not be easy. E) Why do you ask?
Test
37. Colin: 39. Jean: 3
– How do people spend their money in Britain – Why are you applying for a position in a
once the basic expenses have been met? General Hospital in Southampton?
Gary: Adam:
– It rather depends on the age group. The – Well, to start with, it’s a first class hospital.
young ones like to eat out and go to Also, the situation appeals to me.
nightclubs and health clubs.
Jean:
Colin: – ‑‑‑‑
– ‑‑‑‑
Adam:
Gary: – Not really. Just one hour by rail.
– They tend to spend quite a lot on improving
their homes and their gardens. A) But it’s an awful long way from London.
A) What about the summer holidays? Where do B) I thought you’d prefer some place nearer to
they like to go? London.
B) Are you sure? I thought they liked going off to C) You haven’t even seen the place!
France or Spain at weekends. D) Well, it certainly doesn’t appeal to me!
Dialogues
C) How old are these “young” people you talk E) Otherwise, you’d be advised to stay nearer to
about? London
D) That doesn’t appeal to me. I must be getting
old!
349
E) And what about the more sober middle‑aged
ones?
MODADİL
38. Adam: 40. James:

– In the 1980s, surely, there were high rates of – The third lunar attempt was classified as a
unemployment in Italy as well as in England. “successful failure”. What an odd term!
Clive: Alan:
– Quite so. But in England you saw the – Not really. It failed because it didn’t achieve
unemployed everywhere, but not in Italy. what it set out to do; but the crew were
rescued and that was its success.
Adam:
– ‑‑‑‑ James:
– ‑‑‑‑
Clive:
– Because actually the people in Italy were all Alan:
employed doing something in hundreds of – Right. And the emphasis is in the right place:
informal ways that the taxman presumably on human life.
www.modadil.com
never knew about. A) I believe one of the oxygen tanks was

A) Not in Germany, either, I imagine. ruptured during the attempt.
B) Are you sure about that? B) Is that true or did you make it up?
C) I never knew that. What happened? C) Yes, now I understand. It’s logical when you
think about it.
D) I wonder why that was?
D) I can’t even remember why the attempt was
E) How odd! I suppose they all stayed indoors. aborted.
E) When the shuttle Challenger exploded, it
killed the crew of seven.
Test
3 41. Greg: 43. Greg:

– If they say something is a “foregone – What are the advantages of digital
conclusion”, what do they mean? photography over the traditional one?
Father: Brian:
– They mean it’s pretty certain what’s going to – Well, you can see the image almost
happen. instantaneously on the camera’s display.
Greg: Greg:
– ‑‑‑‑ – ‑‑‑‑
Father: Brian:
– They mean there’s not much doubt about – You certainly can. And that, of course, is
which country is going to win. another advantage. You can try again as
often as you like.
A) So, imagine they are talking about who is
going to win the tennis tournament. A) And if you don’t like it, can you get rid of it?
B) So, if they are talking about who is going to B) How can you put pictures onto a web site?
win the war, what do they mean?
C) How difficult are they to operate? Do you think
Dialogues
C) Can there be a foregone conclusion when I could use one?

they are deciding on Nobel Prize winners?
D) Is it possible to get good close‑ups with a
D) But can one be quite certain about anything? digital camera?
E) Are you quite sure you are going to get that E) Do I need a computer to print my digital
350 promotion? photos?
MODADİL
42. Janet: 44. Dick:

– Was “The Flying Scotsman” an aircraft? – What are you doing? That’s children’s TV
you are watching!
Bruce:
– ‑‑‑‑ Pam:
– I know it is. It’s a noisy, happy contest
Janet: between two schools. But it’s also putting
– Then why is it described as “flying”? across some good lessons.
Bruce: Dick:
– Because it was a fast train. It was a luxury – ‑‑‑‑
express running between London and
Edinburgh. Pam:
– They are stressing the importance of
A) No, it wasn’t; it was a train. concentration. Before showing a short film
www.modadil.com
B) I’m not sure. Perhaps it was. they told both teams to concentrate hard so
they would remember all the details and be
C) I don’t think so. It could have been an athlete. able to answer the questions.
D) Ask Richard. He’s knowledgeable about A) Why not? Are you sure it’s worth watching?
aircraft.
B) Are the children learning those lessons?
E) I don’t see why it should be.
C) You’re quite right! It really is noisy.
D) Yes. TV’s potential as an education aid should
be exploited.
E) Give me an example.
Test
45. Jenny: 47. Pat: 3
– It seems that every magazine I pick up has – I like this book review. It’s refreshingly
something to say about obesity. honest!
Molly: James:
– ‑‑‑‑ – I think I know the one you mean. The book is
about stress and how to avoid it, isn’t it?
Jenny:
– True. But all this shouting about it isn’t Pat:
altering the trend. – ‑‑‑‑
Molly: James:
– It may start to do so soon. Be patient. – Yes. No originality but it’s beautifully
expressed!
A) Apparently the incidence of obesity has been
rising in Japan, too, in recent years. A) Actually, to be fair, in the review, we’re also
told that quote.”It’s as comprehensive as
B) Does it? I wasn’t aware of the fact. anything you’ll find outside of a medical
C) Yes, I’ve noticed that, too. But I suppose we textbook”.
should be made aware of the fact that it is on B) Why did you read it?
Dialogues
the increase.
C) Everyone is talking about stress these days,
D) I didn’t know that. But an article I read the and how to avoid it; but honestly, I don’t think
other day suggested that it’s not what we eat anyone can.
but how much we eat that affects our weight.
D) Right. And we’re told the advice can be
E) That could be. The French eat much smaller summed up as, quote, “Eat sensibly, exercise 351
portions of everything than the Americans do. regularly, and try to avoid difficult situations”.
E) Nowadays people experience stress; in the
old days we all used to worry too much.
MODADİL
46. Greg: 48. Alison:

– I see Japanese banks are suddenly giving a – Now doesn’t this sound fascinating! In the
lot of details about their plans to deal with middle of Bristol city centre they’ve set up a
bad debts. living rain forest.
Frank: Sally:
– Really? I wonder why. – Are you sure you’ve read it right?
Greg: Alison:
– ‑‑‑‑ – ‑‑‑‑
Frank: Sally:
– Could be. Certainly they need to take some – Then let’s go. It’s in easy reach of London.
drastic measures if they are to improve the A) Why don’t you read it for yourself?
www.modadil.com
financial situation.
B) Quite sure. And there are more than 150
A) I don’t think we should look for an explanation. animal species there.
B) It’s possibly in response to the governments C) I’m not sure that I believe it myself!
threat to intervene.
D) I’ve always wanted to see a rain forest. I
C) They’ve recently been under attack from all wonder how big it is.
sorts of quarters.
E) Do you think it might be worth a visit?
D) I’ve no idea. Have you?
E) Change does not necessarily mean a change
for the better.
Test
3 49. Wendy: 50. Gillian:

– How often do you go to the cinema? – Was that your sister you were talking to just
now?
Shirley:
– ‑‑‑‑ Pam:
– Yes it was. She’s just here for the weekend;
Wendy: she lives in Liverpool now.
– So, I reckon you really hate watching films.
Gillian:
Shirley: – ‑‑‑‑
– I usually do; but I’ve seen a few films that I
really enjoyed. Pam:
– She was offered rather a good job there and
A) Never! At least not since I was taken as a decided to take it.
child.
A) I wonder what you and I will be doing three
B) Very rarely. Perhaps once a year, perhaps not years from now.
even that.
B) She’s changed a lot. In fact, I wasn’t sure it
C) At least once a week. What about you? was her.
Dialogues
D) I don’t go regularly. In fact, I’d go more often if C) She used to work in a bank, didn’t she?
I had time.
D) Really? Why has she moved there?
E) Quite often in the winter but never in the
summer. E) It must be awfully nice to have a big sister, I
wish I had one.
352
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
SITUATIONAL EXPRESSION 1
3. You know there is a telephone bill that has to
1. - 25. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş
be paid. As you’ll be passing a post office on
olabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.
the way to a friend’s house, you offer to pay
the bill. You say to your mother:
1. As your friend is going to the library and you
have a book that needs returning, you decide A) Isn’t today the last day for paying the
to ask her to take it back for you. You say: telephone bill?
A) If you’re going to the library you’d better be B) You’d better pay that bill before the phone is
quick. They close early on Mondays. cut off.
B) Let me know when you’re going to the library C) I suppose I could call in at the Post Office; it’s
and I’ll come with you. a long way off my route.
C) Read this; you’ll enjoy it. And then take it back D) If you haven’t paid the phone bill, I can do so
to the library. in my lunch hour.
D) I wish you’d get a book out for me; something E) As I shall be passing the Post Office, I thought
light, holiday reading in fact. I might as well pay that telephone bill.
E) As you’re going to the library anyway, could
you take this book back for me? 353
MODADİL
2. You and your brother have the TV on rather 4. You and a friend are going to Ordu. The bus
loud for a music programme. You suddenly isn’t due to leave for nearly an hour but you
remember that someone in the flat below is ill think it’s time to set off for the bus station as
and shouldn’t be disturbed. So you say: the roads can be very busy about this time
in the evening, and you don’t want to risk
A) We’d better turn the volume down. The lady
missing the bus. You say:
downstairs is very ill.
A) It won’t take more than 15 minutes so we can
B) The music is no louder than usual, is it?
have another tea before we leave.
C) It’s really not very loud. I can’t think why they
B) There’s often a lot of traffic at this hour, so
are complaining!
let’s play safe and set off straight away.
www.modadil.com
D) It’s lucky for us that we live on the top floor.

C) We don’t need to phone for a taxi there are
E) The lady in the downstairs flat is deaf. always plenty at the corner of the road.
D) I hate to arrive at the bus station too early.
E) It’s much more pleasant to wait at home than
at the bus station.
Test
1 5. One of your friends, Fred, has started on 7. You are interviewing an elderly film star
quite a serious training programme for a for a magazine and want to avoid the facts
big sporting event. He has been training that everyone knows, and introduce a more
by himself so at the end of the third week, personal and less well-known side to his
he’s clearly not as enthusiastic as he was character; so you say:
at the start. You want to give him some
A) You’ve been very successful; but you must
encouragement, so when you are with mutual
have had some disappointments. Could you
friends you say:
tell us about some of them?
A) It can’t be much fun for Fred training on his
B) Since you know so much about the film
own. Why don’t some of us join him at the
industry, what is your advice to young people
training sessions?
hoping to make a career in films?
B) Fred won’t be able to come to the party so
Situational Expression
C) Do you think the future of the film industry is

let’s not disappoint him by asking him.
less promising?
C) Fred really is training hard. I didn’t expect him
D) Which of your films do you think is your best?
to keep it up so well.
E) In your opinion, what are some of the main
D) We must plan a really good surprise for Fred
characteristics of a good film?
for when the competition is over.
E) I suppose Fred hasn’t got the time to join in
with any of our usual activities as he’s training
all the time.
354
MODADİL
6. You have promised to lend a book to a friend 8. Now that your aunt has retired, she is planning
in the office, but have forgotten to bring it. to leave the town where she has lived all her
When you realize this you apologize and then life, and move to a small cottage out in the
say: country where the nearest neighbour will be
half a mile away. You think she’s going to feel
A) I’m sure you’ll find this book very useful for its
very lonely and likely to regret the move. You
account of the historic cities of Anatolia.
say:
B) If you really need that book tonight, I’ll go
A) I think I’d find life there a bit too lonely and
home and get it for you in the lunch hour.
quiet, but you’ve always lived in the country,
C) I didn’t know you were even interested in so you know what it’s like.
history.
B) I think it’s a splendid idea! You’ll have lots
www.modadil.com
D) I must take it back to the library and get it of relatives coming to visit you with their
renewed. children.
E) Just come along with me and see what books C) Are you sure you aren’t making a mistake?
might interest you. Remember, you’re used to having people you
know around you every day!
D) I expect the garden will keep you pretty busy.
Will you be growing vegetables as well as
flowers?
E) You’ll probably find you get lots of visitors! It
really is a lovely part of the country.
Test
9. You are going into town to buy a new jacket for 11. Your brother and his best friend have had a 1
yourself. You know you are not very good at quarrel and have stopped speaking to each
choosing the right clothes for yourself; in fact, other. This state of affairs is making your
you’ve made several very poor choices! Your brother most unhappy, but he refuses to be the
sister never seems to make a mistake in the first to make a move to end the disagreement.
choice of clothes, so you want her to go with You think this is very foolish of him and decide
you and help. You say: to tell him so plainly. You say:
A) As long as it fits properly, that is all that A) What is the reason for your disagreement?
matters. Don’t you agree? I’m sure you are in the right!
B) I can’t even decide on the colour. What do B) This is a ridiculous state of affairs! Forget your
you suggest? stupid pride and go and start talking to him
again!
C) Remember! This time I can afford an
expensive one. C) Would you like me to go and talk to him and
find out what’s wrong?
D) I do wish you’d come with me to help choose
a jacket. You know how hopeless I am in D) Of course he’s to blame; I’m glad to see the
these matters! friendship has ended.
E) When did you go shopping last? It must have E) Forget him then. And start making new
been ages ago. friends.
355
MODADİL
10. Your school puts on a play every year. You are 12. Jane has been ill for some time and still can’t
no good at acting, but you enjoy sewing and leave the house. Her little daughter is clearly
would like to help with the costumes. So, when getting bored. It’ll soon be her birthday, and
the organizer tries to give you a part in the she wants her to have a nice change. So she
play, you say: phones her sister and says:
A) I don’t want to act in the play but I’ll do A) Most of the children have their birthday
anything else. parties at the nursery school. Then all the
children enjoy them.
B) Thank you so much; in fact, I’ve always been
told I have a gift for acting. B) Don’t forget, it’s Mary’s birthday on Saturday
so I’m expecting you round for tea. Don’t be
C) No. I couldn’t possibly act in the play, but I’d
late.
be very happy to make some of the costumes.
www.modadil.com
C) Mary always expects you to make a chocolate

D) No, I can’t act. And I’m not interested in
cake for her on her birthday.
helping with the production.
D) This year I have arranged for Mary to have
E) In the last year’s play the costumes were very
her birthday party at the nursery school.
poor, so you ought to let someone else make
them this year. E) For Mary’s birthday I was wondering if you
could take her out for the day; go to the zoo,
perhaps.
Test
1 13. Your daughter with her husband and two 15. You have an exam tomorrow and your brother
children are moving house. You know how is listening to pop music on the TV. You
tiring a job this is and wish to help them in wouldn’t mind if only it wasn’t so loud, but he
some way. You finally decide that the best way has got the volume turned up so high that you
to help would be to see they all get something are going mad. So you say:
good to eat during the move. So you say:
A) Must you listen to that awful music? It’s
A) You’re all going to get very tired, so you must stopping me from working.
be sure to take some rest.
B) It’s just the kind of music I like, but I really
B) Let the children stay with me for a few days mustn’t listen now.
and I’ll see they are well fed.
C) I have done enough revision for today. So turn
C) I can go to the new house, and after I have the volume up and let’s listen together.
organized the kitchen I can do the cooking.

D) Who is the singer? He is really very good!
D) I can’t help with the actual remove, but I can
E) Oh do turn the volume down! I’m trying to
give you all a good meal at my house for the
revise for an exam.
next few evenings. Would you like that?
E) Make sure there is plenty of food in the house
because you’ll be working hard and there
won’t be time to go out and get a meal.
356
MODADİL
14. You have just heard that a friend came in 16. It’s Beth’s birthday in a few days. You and
first in the 200 m race in quite a big athletics a few other friends have been invited to her
competition. You know he trained really hard birthday party. You happen to know that there
and so you are very pleased for him. You is a rather expensive art book that she would
phone to congratulate him and say: love to have. You think the friends should get
together and buy it for her. You say:
A) Well done! You deserved to win and I’m
delighted for you! A) Let’s go shopping tomorrow and see if we can
find a nice book on art for Beth.
B) What lovely news! But, I didn’t expect the
others to be so close. B) There’s a very special art book I’ve seen Beth
looking at longingly. How about making it a
www.modadil.com
C) You did very well. With a bit more effort you

joint present from all of us?
could have won!
C) I still haven’t got a present for Beth. Have any
D) Were you surprised you won the race?
of you? If you like we can choose an art book
E) I know you won. But was your trainer pleased together.
with the time you did it in?
D) Has anyone got any good ideas about what
to give Beth on her birthday? An art book
perhaps?
E) As Beth seems determined to go to an Art
School, I thought I’d get her a book on art.
Test
17. You are taking some English friends to visit 19. You have applied to work for a travel agency. 1
the ancient ruins at Pergamum, which you You are being interviewed and have been
know they will love. As you know how hot it asked why you think you are suitable for the
gets there in the middle of the day, and how job. You reply:
crowded, you suggest an early start. You say:
A) I speak English and German fluently and,
A) Make sure you wear comfortable shoes therefore, I feel this is the right job for me.
because we shall be starting early in the day
B) I’ve never been to Germany, but my cousin
and doing a lot of walking at Pergamum.
lives there.
B) There is no shade in Pergamum, and it gets
C) I suppose I could work at weekends if you
very hot so make sure you bring sunhats with
wanted me to.
you.
D) I imagine the work is interesting; a lot of jobs
C) If we don’t set off early in the morning, we
are boring.
won’t be able to see all there is to see at
Pergamum. E) My brother has urged me to take up this job.
D) Pergamum is a fascinating place, you’ll love it.
I want us to walk around and see everything.
E) You’re going to enjoy Pergamum; but we
should try to get there fairly early, to avoid
both the crowds and the heat.
357
MODADİL
18. Your brother is fond of detective novels. At 20. It’s Monday. A friend wants you to go with her
present you are reading a novel which is about to the cinema this evening. It’s a film you very
a very unusual detective. You feel your brother much want to see, but for a day or two you are
would enjoy reading it. So, you say to him: far too busy to go to the cinema. So, you say:
A) I can’t understand what interests you in this A) Thanks, I’d love to; I’ve promised to help my
particular detective novel. mother in the garden, but that can wait till
tomorrow.
B) This is just your type of detective novel. I’ll
pass it on to you when I’ve finished it. B) Thanks for asking me, but I really don’t want
to see that film again.
C) I’ve enjoyed this novel enormously; can you
www.modadil.com
recommend some other detective novels? C) I wish I could come with you, but this evening
I’ve promised to help my brother prepare for
D) You said this was a detective novel, but it
an examination.
doesn’t seem like one to me.
D) I can’t today, but that’s a film I don’t want to
E) The main character in this novel is so unusual
miss. Can’t we go later in the week?
that you can’t take him seriously.
E) I’m not sure if I can. I’ll let you know later.
When will you be home? I’ll give you a ring.
Test
1 21. A good friend of yours has recently joined 24. You have been corresponding for some years
your football team, and today he has played with a Canadian boy. You learn from his last
goalkeeper for the first time. Your team letter that he will be spending part of his
has lost the game and your friend, as the summer holiday in Europe. You think this is
goalkeeper, blames himself for it. So, to cheer a wonderful opportunity for him to come to
him up, you say: Turkey and spend some time with you. So, you
write:
A) I feel we’re badly in need of a more efficient
coach. A) While making your holiday plans for Europe,
I suggest you first visit the medieval towns of
B) Actually, you could have prevented the goals.
France.
C) This has been a bad day for our team, but I
B) After all, while you are in Europe, it would be
can assure you that you’ve done your best.
easy for me to come to see you.
D) After all, the other team worked to take you by

C) If I were you, I would spend a week in Turkey
surprise, and you played into their hands.
before returning to Europe.
E) A lot of the time you didn’t seem to be
D) Let me know when you are going to be in
concentrating on the game.
Europe, so that we can arrange to meet there.
E) Since you are going to be in Europe, and so
near to Turkey, I do wish you would arrange to
22. Your sister works in an office as a secretary. have part of your holiday in Turkey with me.
358 Today she has come home rather upset
because her boss has shouted at her in front
of a lot of people. She feels very strongly that
she didn’t deserve such treatment. So, to
comfort her, you say:
A) Your boss seems to have been upsetting you
a lot lately.
MODADİL
B) I wish you could have said something back to

him.
25. You have been in the school choir for some
C) The trouble with you is that you don’t stand up years now, and wish to persuade a close friend
for yourself. of yours, who is interested in music, to join the
choir. So, you say:
D) I’m sure there was something else annoying
him; otherwise, he would never have treated A) Since you enjoy music it’s time you joined our
you like that. choir and started to sing.
E) So long as you do your job properly, he won’t B) I thought you were in the school choir when I
have any reason to treat you like that. joined three years ago.
C) Don’t leave the school choir because Pat has
joined it.
23. You have attended an English language school D) Have you been asked to join the school choir?
in Britain, and have been very well satisfied I have recommended you.
www.modadil.com
with the way it was organised and the standard E) I know you love music. But do you sing
of teaching. So, when someone asks you if yourself?
you can recommend the school, you say:
A) The school was very well run and my English
certainly improved while I was there.
B) We had classes most mornings and went
sight seeing in the afternoons.
C) There were people there from all over the
world and I made lots of friends.
D) The food was rather poor and the dormitory
was overcrowded.
E) The best thing about the school was that it
was very close to London.
Test
SITUATIONAL EXPRESSION 2
3. Ted is thinking about buying your car. As he
is an old friend you want him to have the first
option. But he’s been hesitating about it for
ten days or more, and you are losing patience
1. You feel you are being unfairly criticized for as you want to get the transaction finished.
negligence and feel you have every right to You tell him quite openly:
protest. You say:
A) You really ought to get a driving license before
A) You’ve no right to go shouting at people like thinking about buying a car.
that, no matter what they’ve done.
B) I’d like you to have the car but my financial
B) Agreed! Perhaps, there is evidence of position is such that I must let it go to the
carelessness? But whose? No one has the highest bidder.
right to put the blame on me.
C) My car really isn’t in very good condition so
C) If you carry out the instructions meticulously you’d probably be better to look elsewhere.
there’ll be no problem.
D) There are several other people interested in
D) Luckily I foresaw the problem- if I hadn’t you buying my car, so do please make up your
would all be in danger of losing your jobs. mind about it by Thursday at the latest.
E) Let’s stop accusing each other and get down E) You can borrow my car for a few days but I 359
to putting things right. have to get it back by the weekend.
MODADİL
2. There has been an unusually heated board- 4. A friend of yours is under great pressure at
meeting. One of the younger members, quite work and the strain is showing. You really want
out-of-character, has really been rather rude to to get him to relax for one evening at least.
one of the senior members. You feel he ought You’ve fixed an evening out with mutual friends
to apologize though really he isn’t to blame. and ask him to join you. You want the invitation
You say: to seem casual but be tempting. You say:
A) It really was most unfortunate, but I do think A) It’s time you widened your circle of friends.
it would be best if you tried to smooth out the You’re getting in a rut.
situation.
B) You really ought to meet these people. They
www.modadil.com
B) You are always speaking out of turn like this are in the same line of business as yourself.
and you’d better cure the habit.
C) How about joining us? It’s all people you know
C) We all know he’s an aid fool, but it doesn’t pay so you can relax and be yourself.
to tell him so to his face.
D) I don’t want to go there by myself; won’t you
D) What he said was quite unforgivable. You did come with me?
right to say so.
E) You’re on edge all the time. You must take a
E) The event is hardly likely to improve even if break or you’ll get sick. You must come.
you do apologize to him.
Test
2 5. In a large department store one of the 7. A friend is working on a report, which means
assistants has really been very rude to an old he only rarely shows up at the office. However,
lady. True, the old lady was slow to make up there’s a meeting that he must attend and
her mind about what she wanted and in fact you feel you ought to remind him. You leave
seemed rather confused altogether, especially a message on the answering machine of his
about how much she could afford to pay. After telephone. You say:
she has gone, you turn to the assistant and,
A) There’s a meeting again tomorrow if you want
hoping to change her attitude, say:
to come.
A) Your job is harder than I expected!
B) The meeting went off well. The boss didn’t
B) That wasn’t well done. Remember, we shall even notice your absence.
all be old one day; you too.
C) If you aren’t coming to the meeting, send a
C) Old people should find someone to do their note of apology.

shopping for them.
D) Are you planning to come to the meeting? If
D) I shall report the whole incident to the so, see you there.
manager and it will serve you right if you lose
E) Just a reminder. The boss is expecting
your job.
everyone at tomorrow’s meeting. Mind you’re
E) You handled the matter well. These old there.
people try one’s patience to the limit.
360
MODADİL
6. A friend is worried about his son because he’s 8. You are in town on business and it’s all
been getting really poor marks at school. Your business, and no free time to yourself. You
friend’s manner is rather too authoritarian phone a friend, explain the situation and ask
and you think he is being too hard on the boy. her to join you at some cocktail party though
Rather tentatively you say: you know she won’t want to do. You then say
truthfully:
A) What are his friends like? Are they a bad
influence on him? A) I know, it’s not your idea of a pleasant evening
but if you can come I shall be very pleased.
B) It’s serious. You’ll have to make him work
harder. B) If you can’t come, then keep Thursday free.
We’ll have lunch together.
C) Perhaps you’re putting too much pressure on
him. He’s just at the age that reacts badly to C) Good. I’ll pick you up on my way there.
pressure. Expect me at about 7 o’clock.
www.modadil.com
D) Don’t change your attitude. He’ll give in. D) If you’d let me know beforehand, I could have
made better arrangements.
E) He must be made to see reason.
E) Well, in that case we’ll have to plan something
different and I’ll let you know.
Test
9. You got a friend to go to the cinema with you, 11. You are visiting a neighbour who is back from 2
but he agreed rather unwillingly. The film turns hospital after quite a serious operation. He’s
out to be most disappointing; the story is the type who doesn’t like to be ill and won’t
meaningless and the acting bad. You feel you admit to being ill and is talking of going back
ought to apologize and say: to work within the week. You don’t want to
upset or worry him, but you do want him to
A) Is this your kind of film? It isn’t mine.
stay at home and rest a little longer. You say:
B) What a shame! A perfectly good story ruined
A) What does your doctor say about going back
by bad acting.
to work?
C) If I’d known what the film was like, I’d never
B) If you don’t feel like going back to the office,
have dragged you here. I’m sorry.
then don’t do so.
D) I occasionally go to the cinema, so I don’t
C) What’s the matter? Haven’t you got a doctor’s
know if this counts as a good film or not.
report to cover the whole period?
E) The film wasn’t much good but it was better
D) You’re looking just fine; but wouldn’t it be
than staying in all evening, wasn’t it?
sensible to take things easy just a little
longer?
E) I wish you had a reliable secretary, you could
supervise your office from the home.
361
MODADİL
10. A friend complains that he’s getting no job 12. At the hotel you manage, there have been
satisfaction and a very low salary; so, he is problems with the waitresses. They don’t like
going to resign immediately. You feel he’s changes in the work timetable. They can’t
behaving rather foolishly. You advise caution stay late. If they do stay late, they want to
and say: be sent home by taxi. With this in mind your
instructions to those who are recruiting new
A) The scheme doesn’t sound very sensible to
waitresses are:
me, but if that’s what you want, do it.
A) Make sure that they are willing to work flexible
B) I suggest you hang onto this job while you
hours and that they don’t live too far away.
look around for something better, or you may
be landed with something worse. B) They must look good and have had at least
two years experience.
C) If only could offer you a job in my work place
but at present there are no openings. C) Experience is not important. We’ll train them
www.modadil.com
here. But they must know some English.

D) I feel just as you feel. If only we could get
somebody to give us the capital, we could set D) The starting salary is low, but tell them our
up our own. customers give generous tips.
E) Few jobs do give satisfaction. Just accept the E) Don’t let them meet the ones who are leaving;
fact. they may learn bad habits from them.
Test
2 13. Someone who is known to be rather unreliable 15. There have been last minute changes in flight
in money matters comes to you asking for a arrangements, so you phone your son at his
loan. You refuse to give him a loan but want to office to let him know of these and save him a
do this in a kindly manner, making use of your fruitless drive to the airport. You speak to his
family commitments. You say: secretary who informs you that your son is
at a meeting but that she can get a message
A) I do wish I could have helped out but I have to
through to him. You say:
pay the children’s school fees this month and
there’ll be nothing left over after that. A) Please make sure that he is there at the
airport to meet me as arranged.
B) Yes, of course, I’ll help you out; but you will
have to pay me back at the beginning of next B) I think I should know that, unfortunately the
month. holiday has had to be cancelled.
C) I thought I’d told you that I would never again C) Please explain that the London - Amsterdam
give you any money. flights are fully booked for the next six weeks.
D) My father would be very angry if he knew D) I just want to remind him that he promised to
what I was doing. meet me at the airport this evening.
E) Why don’t you ask your family to help you E) Just tell him there’s been a change in the
out? Surely they will. programme, and I will not be arriving this
evening.
362
MODADİL
14. A friend had a bad cough for several months. 16. A friend’s child has knocked over a vase and
You think it is high time she consulted a broken it. They are both very sorry, and you
doctor about it, and you decide to impress on want to comfort them and stop them feeling
her the need to take the matter seriously. You bad about it. You say:
say:
A) That was one of the more expensive items in
A) Do please go to a chemist’s and get a bottle the collection.
of cough mixture.
B) What a naughty child you have! I think you
B) You know as well as I do that a cough can be are to blame for the damage he has done.
a sign of something more serious. Go and get
C) Well, actually I am sorry because it was given
it checked.
to me by my grandmother.
www.modadil.com
C) Do what I do. Drink a glass of fresh grapefruit

D) There’s no harm done. In fact, that’s a vase
juice every morning. I’m sure it will do you
that I’ve never really cared for.
good.
E) I should have kept such a valuable vase in
D) The weather is getting warmer now, so maybe
safe place.
your cough will go away.
E) I think you are coughing a bit less these days,
but I still think you should take a rest.
Test
17. When a friend phones and asks, “Where were 19. Someone asks you where a certain building 2
you last night?” you suddenly realize you’d is. You only know vaguely where it is and,
promised to go round and see her, but hadn’t wanting to be as helpful as possible, say:
done so. She’s a close friend and you are
always open and honest with each other. You
say: A) It’s very near here. Do you see the Post Office
there? It’s just next to the Post Office.
A) I worked late at the office. Why?
B) I’m sorry I can’t help you. I’ve never heard of
B) Oh dear! I forgot. I’m so sorry.
the place.
C) I was just about to phone you about it.
C) I don’t think it’s anywhere near here. In fact, it
D) I thought you were coming round here. could be at the other side of the town.
E) That’s very kind of you. I should have let you D) Go along this road as far as the traffic lights.
know earlier. Then turn left and it’s the second building on
your left.
E) It’s down this hill and to the right somewhere.
They’ll be able to help you better at the Tourist
Office down there.
363
MODADİL
18. There’s a problem with the car and you want 20. A colleague at work feels he has been unfairly
the mechanic at the repair place you always treated by his manager and his first reaction
use to start work on it immediately though is to hand in his resignation. You think he is
there are other jobs that he’s working on. He’s over-reacting and that he would soon regret
reluctant. You really do all you can to make such a step. Accordingly, you say:
him agree. You say:
A) Give yourself time to think this over.
A) My neighbour sent me here, and he’s a very Tomorrow’s another day. You may feel
good client of yours. different then.
B) I know this is the first time I’ve come to you B) That man must be made to realize that he
but I’ll come regularly if you help me now. can’t treat people in this way.
www.modadil.com
C) Come on! I’m a good customer and don’t ask C) By all means, hand in your resignation; with
many favours. It really is of vital importance your qualifications you can soon get a better
that you fix it for me immediately. job.
D) As long as you can do it tomorrow, there’ll be D) If I were you, I would most certainly hand in
no problem. my resignation.
E) You did a bad job of fixing it last time I brought E) You are not behaving unreasonably. In fact,
it in. That’s why there’s a problem now. you’re taking the only right course.
Test
2 21. On the news you learn that there has been a 23. The position of Undersecretary in the Ministry
substantial drop in the price of a number of had fallen vacant. From various quarters, both
shares, including some you have. You feel inside and outside the Ministry, you had been
alarmed and need reliable advice immediately. given the impression that you were likely to
You call a close friend who is an expert in be appointed to the position. However, this did
these matters. As he’s not available, you leave not happen, and someone else was appointed.
a message with his secretary for him: Naturally, you feel disappointed and admit this
to a close friend, saying:
A) There is something I would like to discuss
with you. Call me when it’s convenient. A) Believe me I couldn’t care less about what’s
happened.
B) It’s extremely urgent. Please call me as soon
as possible. I desperately need your advice B) It was unfair of them to encourage me and
about some shares. then appoint someone else; it’s very dishonest
of them.
C) You’ve always given me reliable advice. I
need some more today. I’ll call again later. C) It’s quite a relief to know that a really qualified
person has been appointed to this position at
D) I hear share prices are falling. When you’re
such a crucial time.
free tell me what to do with mine.
D) Well, I have to accept that I might have found
E) I’ve called to get your advice about whether or
the additional responsibility rather tiring.
not it could be beneficial to buy more shares
now. E) I really had every reason to believe the
position was mine, so now I know it isn’t, I do
364 feel rather upset.
MODADİL
22. You have accepted an invitation to give 24. You are leading a delegation for your country
a lecture to a group of geologists. You authorized to negotiate for the settlement of a
have been looking forward to this but, on border dispute with a neighbouring country.
the morning of the day your talk has been So far the negotiations with the opposite
scheduled for, your wife is suddenly taken delegation have gone well, and an agreement
seriously ill, so you cannot leave her. You call has almost been reached. However, you need
the organizers immediately to cancel your a final consultation with your authorities
lecture and express your apologies. You say: and therefore suggest a short break in
the negotiations. So you say to the other
A) Unfortunately my wife has been ill for a long
delegation:
time, and I feel I cannot commit myself to give
a talk. A) I suggest we suspend the negotiations now
and meet again some other time.
www.modadil.com
B) Unfortunately my wife has not recovered as

fast as I expected, so I have to cancel my talk B) I propose we adjourn for a short while, say for
today. two hours, since I need to revise the situation
with my government.
C) Since my wife is suffering from a serious
illness, I suggest you postpone today’s talk. C) We consider the terms you have put forward
reasonable, acceptable, and will sign the
D) I’m sorry to have let you know that I cannot
document after the break.
possibly give my talk today owing to my wife’s
unexpected illness this morning. D) This border dispute has gone on far too long,
it is high time we settled it for good.
E) Owing to my wife’s illness, I am reluctantly
giving up all my lecture engagements. E) The agreement we have already reached
must be approved by our governments.
Test
25. In the office there has been some criticism of 27. As the chief organizer of a conference hosted 2
the secretary on account of her manners. But by your university it is for you to introduce the
you are more than satisfied with the quality of first speaker who is a world famous scholar
her work and so come to her defence, saying: in his field, and happens also to be a former
professor of yours. So in your introduction
A) She may be sent off under the current
you say:
disciplinary rules.
A) It gives me great pleasure to ask you to attend
B) She’s not as polite as may be expected of a
the conference and be the first speaker.
perfect secretary, but as for efficiency she is
superb. B) I’m pleased you were able to join us, though
not as a speaker, but of course we are hoping
C) Apparently, she lacks many of the qualities
you will participate in our discussion.
one looks for in a secretary.
C) This is great moment for me as I am
D) I know she always yells at people and does
privileged to welcome so many famous
not behave herself.
speakers.
E) Her manners can be annoying and this makes
D) As your onetime student it is my privilege
her a difficult person to work with efficiently.
to welcome you as the most distinguished
scholar in your field and as the keynote
speaker of the conference.
E) What a surprise this is! It is wonderful to run
into you here in this way.
365
MODADİL
26. Your nephew has been offered several 28. A friend of yours, with excellent credentials,
different jobs by various companies. He can’t has not been offered the job he had applied
make up his mind about which one to accept. for. You see that this has made him very
So he comes to you for advice. You happen to discouraged and extremely upset. You want
know one of the companies well and feel sure to help him regain his self-confidence, so you
it has a lot to offer. You say: say to him:
A) I don’t know much about the other companies A) If you can’t find anything better, I can probably
but this one will give you excellent training try to take you into my company.
and some useful benefits.
B) I think you must have offended someone,
B) As far as I’m concerned all of the offers seem after all, you aren’t very sensitive.
to be desirable. You can choose any one of
C) This is not the end of the world; a person
www.modadil.com
them.
with your qualifications deserves better
C) With one exception, I feel they can all be employment opportunities.
recommended.
D) After all, you ought to be more considerate of
D) I don’t think I’m in a position to advise you on other people’s feelings.
all of the offers. But this one I know must be
E) In this period of economic recession
avoided.
competition for executive posts is likely to
E) I suggest you take the one that seems to offer continue for some time.
better benefits.
Test
2 29. You’ve moved to a new house and are looking 31. Your sister has announced that she is going
for a fairly large, original picture to hang to be married at the end of the year. You’ve
near the front door. You have a friend whose heard plenty about the young man, and all to
taste you trust and who has a lot of friends in his credit. So you are quite happy about the
the art world. You think he can help you find marriage; but still you do want to meet him
something suitable, so you say to him: first. You say:
A) If only you’d keep an eye open for a picture A) This is all rather sudden, isn’t it? What does
that would look good on the wall by my front he do for a living?
door.
B) Well, this is a surprise. Tell me about him.
B) I don’t own a picture large enough to hang at
C) I hope you’re not acting impulsively! Is there
the top of the stairs.
something you’re trying to hide as we still
C) The picture needn’t be large but it must be haven’t met him?

imaginative and colourful. I leave the rest to
D) I’m so pleased! I know you’ve made an
you.
excellent choice and you certainly deserve to
D) Should I commission someone to paint a be happy.
picture to hang on that wall?
E) Well, congratulations and all my best wishes.
E) How much would I have to pay for an original But I do hope you’ll bring him round to meet
picture of the right size for this wall? us before the wedding.
366
MODADİL
30. A neighbour is going to a big reunion dinner 32. For a while now a friend has been having
that you know your brother, who is a well- trouble with a group of workmen in his factory,
known local figure, will also attend. You think and matters are now coming to a head. You
the two of them should meet, so you say: feel he is behaving in too harsh a manner and
want to point this out to him in a tactful way so
A) My brother is sure to be there at the reunion,
as not to offend him. You say:
and I expect he’ll recognize you.
A) My advice to you is to make no concessions
B) I wish I’d be going too, I would have
whatsoever and let those leave who want to
introduced you to my brother.
leave.
C) My brother is a lot like you, so it’s only natural
B) Your problem is you are too hard on them. I’m
that you should have got on well.
surprised you’ve got any workmen left.
www.modadil.com
D) I’ve told my brother about your suggestion,

C) I can’t understand the problem. Please
and he seemed interested.
explain it again to me.
E) My brother will also be there. Everybody
D) There’s always trouble in the workforce
knows him. So, do introduce yourself to him
everywhere. Just ignore it.
and give him my greetings.
E) Are you sure this is the correct approach that
you are taking? They might respond better to
a gentler treatment.
Test
33. Some time ago, a friend persuaded you to 35. As an eminent scholar you’ve been invited 2
employ his son in the personnel department of to give a series of lectures in South America.
the firm of which you are a director. Within a Since recently you find you get tired easily,
short time you began to regret having done so, you feel the journey would be very exhausting
for the young man had turned out to be lazy for you; so, you decline the invitation, giving
and unprincipled. You express your regret to a your reason at the same time. You say:
colleague, saying:
A) I’m afraid I cannot accept your kind invitation
A) Oh well, we can send him to another because, for a person of my age, the journey
department if that’s what you want. would prove too tiring.
B) I’m glad I was able to help a friend in this way. B) I have to turn down the invitation since I am
informed it is unsafe to travel in your country.
C) If I had known then what he was like, I would
never have taken him on. C) Thank you for the invitation but I no longer
accept invitations that involve much travelling,
D) I expect he’ll resign as soon as his contract
as I can’t afford the time.
expires.
D) I would like to accept your invitation, but tell
E) I don’t think any of the other candidates would
me first how much travelling is involved.
have been any better.
E) Although I fear the journey will be rather tiring
for me, I will look forward to visiting South
America.
367
MODADİL
34. A friend of yours, who is the manager of a 36. You learn that a close colleague of yours in the
company, tells you that he has dismissed one Economic Department has been nominated for
of his employees, an engineer, for immoral the Nobel Prize in economics. You feel thrilled
conduct in the workplace. He further informs for him and call immediately to congratulate
you that he has received several threatening him. He tells you that he doesn’t expect to
telephone calls from this same person. Your receive the prize because there will, almost
friend is very upset and comes to you for certainly, be other candidates better than him.
advice. You feel firm action must be taken. So Thereupon, to encourage him, you say:
you say:
A) You are probably right. You’ll just have to wait
A) Next time he calls, just tell him politely that and see how it turns out.
you are upset by his calls.
B) Right. And after all one never knows how
www.modadil.com
B) If he calls again, tell him that you are going to much the issue is affected by politics.
take legal action. And do so!
C) If I were you, I don’t raise my hopes too high.
C) If I were you, I would ignore the whole
D) Surely you are one of the leading economists
problem.
in the world and have as much chance as any
D) As far as I understand it, you seem to be in for one else.
a lot of trouble.
E) You should feel pleased that at least you’ve
E) As a matter of fact, telephone calls of this kind been nominated.
don’t need to be taken seriously.
Test
2 37. You have a vintage car that has to be handled 39. A few of your paintings are to be on show at
with great care and really needs expert an exhibition to be opened next week. You
attention. You ask a friend of yours to advise want to give an open invitation to all of your
you on where to take it. You say: colleagues in the department, and say:
A) As you know not every car repairer can A) The exhibition I’m holding next week is to
service a vintage car. Do you know anyone raise money for charity. So I’m hoping it will
who can? be very crowded.
B) You’re good with cars. How about having a B) If anyone is interested in the exhibition of
look at my vintage car? my works, let me know and I’ll get you an
invitation.
C) I’m looking for a new place for the servicing of
my vintage car, since I’m not satisfied with the C) There will be another exhibition next week of
present one. the works of amateur artists like myself. You’ll

find it enjoyable.
D) Have you ever dreamed of owning a vintage
car? The only problem is getting them D) I think you all know my paintings are going
serviced. to be exhibited starting Tuesday next week. I
hope to see you all there.
E) I’m afraid I’ll have to get rid of this vintage
car; it’s so hard to get it serviced, and so E) This is the first time my works are going on
expensive. exhibition, so, naturally, I’m very nervous.
368
MODADİL
38. At the executive committee meeting of the 40. You have just returned from an international
company, several members have voiced their conference. Frankly, you were rather
unease at the adverse effect of the recession dissatisfied with the quality of many of the
on profits. So, as the chairman, you want to papers presented. On your return, when your
dispel this gloomy atmosphere, and say: colleagues inquire about the conference, you
admit to being disappointed and say:
A) I also feel disappointed by the situation, but
let’s not discuss it now. A) Had you been there, you would have been as
enthusiastic about proceedings as I was.
B) Are you trying to tell me that the recession will
continue well into next year? B) I was really surprised by the lack of
interest shown by the great majority of the
C) I admit that sales at present are a little lower
participants.
than usual, but we have every reason to
expect an increase in the second half of the C) It was a thrilling experience just to be with so
www.modadil.com
year. many specialists in our field.

D) Are you quite sure that the figures you have D) Like any other international conference, this
been given by the several departments do turned out to be extremely exhausting.
really reflect what’s happening?
E) Actually, several of the presentations fell short
E) We must present stringent measures of my expectations.
straightway if we are to prevent a worsening
of the situation.
Test
41. As a professor of management you have been 43. You are in charge of a team of scientists doing 2
approached by the director of a bank for your fieldwork in the mountains. However, your
opinion of a candidate who was formerly one work has often been hampered by the wet
of your students. So, you want to reassure him weather, and you are worried that it may not be
and say: finished on time. As this cannot be permitted,
you say to your team members:
A) Though he has a calm manner which may be
misleading, he is actually dynamic, creative
and resourceful.
A) As the weather has been so bad, I don’t think
B) Yes, he has shortcomings, but you have a it is wise to carry on with our work.
good in-training programme, don’t you?
B) Due to the adverse weather conditions, I am
C) As far as I recall, in my courses, I expected afraid we are behind schedule; we’ll have to
more from him than he was able to give. make a much bigger effort.
D) It seems to me that the post on offer really C) Despite the bad weather the work goes
requires very special skills. forward as planned.
E) I recommend you screen a wide range of D) Given the weather conditions we have had so
candidates before deciding on anyone. far, it is comforting to know that we have done
a lot of work.
E) Even though the weather has always been
unsettled, it has affected our work very little.
369
MODADİL
42. You manage a fairly large supermarket and 44. At three o’clock today you have an appointment
feel you have lost customers recently due to with your dentist. Yet, your manager has called
the late delivery of goods you have ordered. you to say that, at the meeting at three o’clock
You are extremely angry at this negligence today, the board of directors would like to hear
and write a stiff note of complaint to the your expert opinion on the reorganization of the
wholesalers. In the note you say: company. So, as you are required to attend this
meeting, you have to cancel your appointment
A) This is to inform you that, if I am to keep
and say to your dentist:
customers, you must deliver goods at least
twice a week. A) I just can’t attend the board meeting when I’m
in such pain with this tooth. Don’t you agree?
B) If only you’d sent the goods in time, my
customers would have had far more chance. B) I know I cancelled my 3 o’clock appointment
with you for today, but now I find I can come.
C) I feel you should be warned that my
www.modadil.com
customers are not at all satisfied with the C) As far as I know there is no board meeting
quality of the goods delivered. today, so 3 o’clock should suit me fine.
D) Your irresponsibility in this issue has damaged D) I’ll have to cancel this appointment with you if
my trade. Just make sure it doesn’t happen they call a board meeting at that hour.
again.
E) I’m sorry I can’t make it today at three o’clock
E) Your delivery system is no longer as efficient as I’m obliged to attend a meeting of the
as it used to be; you really must do something board at that hour.
to improve it.
Test
2 45. Upon the publication of your new novel, which 47. You are the sales manager of a housing
is politically quite provocative, you have company and, as such, have the task of
caught the attention of the public, and many promoting a new set of reasonably-priced
journalists have been trying to do interviews villas built in a pleasant setting. When
with you. Yet you wish to keep a low profile, approached by a prospective buyer for more
and so turn down their requests. Again you information, you say:
have been approached by a journalist for an
A) That particular house was built ten years ago
interview, but you say:
but is in remarkably good condition.
A) I could not have foreseen that my new novel
B) You may find the price of our villas somewhat
would catch the public attention to such an
exorbitant, but they are set in a lush green
extent; I’ve no objection to being interviewed.
landscape and have breath-taking views.
B) I am very grateful for everyone’s interest, and
C) No detail has been overlooked in our villas

you will be given plenty of time to interview
which have full resort amenities and are
me.
aimed at our privileged well-to-do clients.
C) I have been thrilled by the public reception
D) These villas are charmingly placed, with
of my new novel, and I’m always delighted to
mountains behind them and lovely views of
meet the press.
the sea. In addition, they are good value for
D) Thank you for your interest in my novel, but I your money.
want to keep out of the public eye.
E) At present house prices are falling so it is a
E) I have always had a very high respect for good time for making a purchase.
370 journalists; certainly it is a privilege for me to
be interviewed by them.
MODADİL
46. Today is the birthday of your thirty-year-old 48. Recently you have seen the film version of
brother, who, with his family, lives in another Henry James’ celebrated novel The Portrait
town. You have always been very keen on him of A Lady. You have been much impressed by
but you have not seen him for quite a long the quality of the presentation, for you had
time. So you call him and say: found reading the novel very hard going. In
conversation with a friend who has not seen
A) Many happy returns! I wish I were there with the film you say:
you and your family to celebrate your birthday.
I’ve missed you a lot. A) It’s one of the best films I’ve seen for a long
time even though the story is rather superficial
B) Congratulations to all concerned. You and tedious.
deserved it!
www.modadil.com
B) I very rarely enjoy a film of a novel that has

C) You must be feeling relieved. Now, take my given me pleasure.
advice and relax a bit.
C) I certainly enjoyed the film The Portrait of
D) This is just to wish you many happy returns. A Lady far more than the novel as it really
I expect you and your family will come to see brings the story alive.
me when you are on leave.
D) The film The Portrait of A Lady, changes
E) I just wanted to wish you a happy birthday. If I Henry James’ story beyond recognition.
have the time and the means I’ll drop by.
E) The film doesn’t follow the novel very closely
but it is really enjoyable to watch.
Test
49. You overhear your brother saying he is going 50. You know your mother is busy these days but 2
to the library. As one of your library books is you want her to make a chocolate cake for the
near the deadline for return, you ask him to picnic the class is organizing at the weekend,
take it in for you. You say: and friends have been asking for one. You say:
A) Can you take some books back for me? I’m A) Who is going to make the chocolate cake for
afraid they are all overdue. the picnic? I will if you like.
B) If you’re going this afternoon, I’ll come with B) You will make a cake for our picnic, won’t
you. I’ve got several books to return. you? Any sort of cake will do. Even a
chocolate cake.
C) Would you mind taking this book back for me?
It’s got to be returned in a day or two. C) I want to go on the class picnic, and take a
chocolate cake; will that be OK, mum?
D) I went to the library yesterday. I could have
taken your books back for you. D) Mum, can you find time to make one of your
chocolate cakes for our picnic? You know how
E) Are you sure the library is open in the
everyone loves them.
afternoon? I must return some books.
E) Mum, I told the friends I’d make a chocolate
cake for the class picnic; but I’m afraid you’ll
have to show me how.
371
MODADİL
www.modadil.com
Test
3 SITUATIONAL EXPRESSION
2. The Party’s executive committee has set
up a special group to make a study of
unemployment problems in the country and
suggest ways of solving them. The committee
1. You have organized a conference which has instructs the group as follows:
been a great success. You feel sure that the
work of your staff has contributed greatly to A) The country is faced with a huge
this success. In wrapping up the conference unemployment problem, and the executive
you wish to include them in your words of committee expects you to come up with some
thanks. So you say: solutions.
A) Last but not least, let me say how much B) The Party is very worried about the
the success of this conference is due to the unemployment problems throughout the
dedicated work of my staff, and how grateful I country and we simply want you to propose
am to them. strategies to overcome them.
B) On behalf of my staff, who have done so C) Your first aim will be to examine the
much to make the conference a success, I nationwide state of unemployment, and
would like to thank you all for taking such an your second to recommend solutions to the
active part in proceedings. problems related with unemployment.
372
C) Since the conference has ended successfully D) The executive committee fully realizes
I feel I owe it to my staff to thank you all for that until you have studied the problem of
coming. unemployment thoroughly, no action can be
taken.
D) My staff and I are glad that the conference
has been so successful, and we thank you all E) Your study of the problems of unemployment
for your contributions to its success. and any solutions your group may suggest,
MODADİL
will, the executive committee feels, be to the

E) In closing the conference, I would like to say, benefit of the Party.
on behalf of my staff and myself, how grateful
we are to you all for your active participation.
www.modadil.com
Test
3. There is to be a company board meeting next 5. You have made a thorough study of the 3
week to discuss the financial policy for the causes of migrations from the rural areas in
coming year. As the managing director, you the country to the big cities. When asked your
want all departments to submit a detailed expert opinion on how to put an end to this
report on their expenses for the past year. So social trend, you say:
you say to your department chiefs:
A) In fact, this trend of rural migration has
A) Since the board is concerned about the doubled in the last three decades or so.
company’s expenditures over the last year,
B) If you ask me, better living conditions must
I must ask you to account for the position of
be offered to these people coming from rural
your own department.
areas.
B) For the board to plan next year’s company
C) As far as I am concerned, housing, education
expenditure, please be sure to hand in a full
and public transport are among the major
account of the expenses of your department
setbacks of life in the big cities.
over the last twelve months.
D) The rural population of the country is
C) Owing to the heavy financial losses last year,
increasing much more rapidly than that in the
the board is determined to curb expenses
big cities.
during this next year, so I want all of you to
write down and hand in your suggestions. E) First and foremost, we need to open up new
areas of employment in the rural areas.
D) Before the next board meeting on the
company’s financial policy, I want to discuss
with you the expenses of each separate 373
department since the beginning of the year.
E) As the board is going to meet next week to
consider the financial position of the company,
it would be helpful if you could all submit your
proposals on expenditure to me.
MODADİL
6. You are a bank manager and a friend of yours,

who is a businessman, has come to you
for advice on where to invest. As there is a
prevailing economic crisis that seems likely to
last for some time, you feel it would be unwise
to make any specific recommendations for
investments. So you say:
4. You have been to a special exhibition of
Ottoman art, held in the National Museum. You A) In this time of recession, the only advice I can
have been much impressed by the variety and give you is to wait.
the beauty of the exhibits. So, next day in the
B) Some people are making overseas
office, you recommend it to your colleagues,
investments, but I don’t think that’s a good
saying:
idea.
A) The National Museum sometimes holds
C) Since we are experiencing a temporary
special exhibitions; at present there is one on
setback in the economy, why don’t you
Ottoman art.
www.modadil.com
channel your resources into tourism?

B) Yes, I went to the exhibition at the National
D) In view of the rising prosperity, apparent at
Museum, and do agree that it is very
every level of society, why don’t you put your
representative.
money into one of the large corporations?
C) The exhibition of Ottoman art at the National
E) Given the present economic circumstances, I
Museum is apparently quite a unique one. I
think you’re sure to make money in any sector
suppose you’ve already seen it.
you invest in.
D) Yesterday, I went to that exhibition of Ottoman
art at the National Museum, and thought it
was superb. Make sure you don’t miss it.
E) I was at the National Museum yesterday
and happened to see there an exhibition of
Ottoman art. Are you interested in that kind of
thing?
Test
3 7. Somehow a week has gone by before you 9. The new secretary has made rather lots of
learn that a very good friend has suddenly mistakes during her first week in the office,
been taken ill. When you do learn, you so a lot of people are criticizing her. You think
immediately resolve to visit her that same that she’ll be fine once she has settled in
evening, but in the meanwhile you send properly and learned the routine. So you say:
flowers and with them a note saying:
A) The worst thing about her is her manner, and,
A) Why didn’t you stay in hospital a little longer? of course, the way she dresses!
You’d have been well-looked after there.
B) Let her see how displeased we are with her.
B) Do you try to cheer up? I’m sure it’s not so
C) Give her a chance to get used to the work and
bad! I’ll try to come and see you tomorrow
to what we expect of her.
evening.
D) It’s her typing that is bad, and I don’t think that
C) No one told me you were ill till this morning. I’ll

will improve.
drop by when I can. Take your medicines like a
good girl. E) She was highly recommended. Let’s just hope
she does better next week.
D) I only learned this morning that you’d been
taken ill. I’ll come round after work today. Till
then, take care!
E) Can’t wait to see you! I’ll come round later. Let
me know whether there’s anything you need.
374
MODADİL
8. A friend is planning to do a make-over in her 10. You are buying a book for a colleague that is
sitting room, and is talking about brilliant retiring. It’s not likely that she already has the
lime-green walls and a bright blue fitted book you have chosen for her, but you want to
carpet. It’s going to cost a lot of money and be quite sure the shop will let her exchange it
you think she’ll get tired of the scheme before for another if she wants to. So you say to the
long and regret having spent so much money shopkeeper:
on it. So you try to put her off and say rather
A) She reads a lot, so she may have read it
reasonably:
already.
A) It’s not the sort of color scheme I’d choose,
B) If she brings it back, you will refund the
but it’s you who will be living with it, not me!
money, won’t you?
B) It might look fine so long as the curtains are a
www.modadil.com
C) If she should want to change it, I presume you

natural shade.
would allow her to do, wouldn’t you?
C) That’s a nonsense idea. Forget it!
D) If she’s already read it, she can give it to
D) Bright colors are terribly popular at present, someone else, can’t she?
so you’ll be right in the fore of fashion.
E) Do I have to bring the receipt with me if I want
E) Can’t you bring some right colors into the to change it?
room with cheaper articles like cushions and
rugs?
Test
11. You have lots of work to do on a report this 13. You have, at short notice, called for a 3
morning and are determined to be left to do Department meeting to discuss a confidential
it undisturbed, no matter who may call. You matter and reach a decision on it. At the
instruct your secretary to this effect and say: beginning of the meeting you remind the
members that, once the meeting is over, they
A) If anyone calls, let them ring back after 3
must never refer to the matter or discuss it
o’clock unless it’s very urgent.
with other people. So you say:
B) You are to put through no telephone calls
A) I really had no choice but to call this meeting
whatsoever this morning, not even if it is the
since issues we are going to deal with really
managing director himself.
cannot be postponed any longer.
C) I want to finish this report today, so don’t put
B) I’m sure it hasn’t been hard for any of you
any call through, unless my wife rings.
to come to the meeting; as you all know, the
D) Remember, no calls please, unless it’s the matter under discussion is rather personal.
boss himself.
C) First, I must thank you for coming to our
E) If the managing director should ring, please routine weekly meeting, I must warn you that
tell him I’ve nearly finished the report. the main item we are going to talk about today
may upset a few of you.
D) I’m delighted so many of you could make this
meeting; let me point out first that the issue
under discussion may turn out to be very
controversial. 375
E) Sorry to disrupt your programs by bringing
you here now; and let me stress from the
start that there must be no leakage about the
meeting.
MODADİL
12. A friend has been having a great number of 14. Given the present situation, you are in a
problems at work and at home. She is badly in dilemma as to how to invest your savings.
need of a change and you decide to give her You can’t decide whether it would be more
an evening out. So you say: profitable to buy shares or to invest in a strong
currency. You consult a close friend who is an
A) After work, let’s go and get something to eat,
economist and say:
and then go to the cinema.
A) Because you are more informed about money
B) If there had been any good films we could
matters than I am, I wish you’d advise me
have gone to the cinema.
on whether to invest in shares or in a strong
C) I’m terribly busy next week, but I ought to be currency.
free on Saturday.
B) I’ve been told that there’s no point in investing
www.modadil.com
D) Mary wants us to go around to her place this either in shares or in a strong currency; do
evening, but I’m not keen to go. you agree?
E) The concert last night was excellent. You C) If you know anything about economics, please
should have made the effort and gone. tell me whether shares look like being a good
investment.
D) I am very confused about how to invest my
savings. Who do you think could give me
some good advice?
E) I have invested all my savings in shares, not
in a strong currency; as an expert, do you
think I have made a wrong decision?
Test
3 15. As an expert in international relations, a group 17. You are the defense lawyer in a case of a bank
of journalists have asked you to give your robbery. You believe that your client was not
opinion on the strained relations between the involved in it but merely happened to be in the
United States and China over the recent spy area at the time of the robbery. This was the
plane crisis. You think that it is too early to grounds for his arrest, and forms the basis for
make a full assessment of the outcome of the your defense. So you say to the court:
crisis. So you say:
A) The bank in question is in a deserted
A) This is an unfortunate event which seems neighbourhood, so it is not likely that anyone
likely to have long-term damaging effects on saw what was happening.
the relations between the two countries.
B) I cannot contest the accusation that my client
B) It is clearly a very serious situation. However, was involved in the robbery but the part
it’s surely better to wait a while before played by him was definitely minimal.
venturing to comment on the international

C) The reasons for suspecting my client of the
impact of it.
robbery are purely circumstantial; there is no
C) I think both countries should exercise reason to doubt his innocence.
discretion; and if they do so, the crisis will
D) I think you naturally suspected my client as he
soon be resolved.
had already been involved in a bank robbery.
D) As far as I am concerned, this spy crisis is
E) There were several other people in the bank
being grossly exaggerated by both sides.
at the time. What were they doing?
E) If you ask me, both sides are equally to blame
376 for the crisis which could prove a threat to
world peace.
MODADİL
16. As a farmer you are experienced in animal 18. Your company manager has recently been
husbandry and have a herd of healthy cattle. asking you to work overtime several times a
The herds in the neighbouring farms, however, week. At first you agreed fairly willingly but
have been hit by foot-and-mouth disease. you regret that you ever agreed, as it has really
Despite the stringent measures you have overtired you. You want to be excused from all
taken, you are worried that the disease may overtime work. So you say to the manager:
spread to your herd. So you say to your
A) I don’t mind doing some overtime once a
veterinary doctor:
week but I can’t manage more.
A) I’m very upset by the fact that my neighbours’
B) All this overtime work leaves me very
herds have got foot-and-mouth disease.
exhausted; initially I didn’t mind doing it, but
Shouldn’t you have detected this earlier?
now could you please let me off?
B) In the neighbouring farms, it seems they have
www.modadil.com
C) I have always enjoyed doing the overtime as

several cases of foot-and-mouth disease. I’ve
the work has proved very stimulating.
taken every precaution against it, so I’m not
worried. D) I only agreed to do overtime as I needed the
money.
C) Do you know anything about this foot-and-
mouth disease which I understand is troubling E) I think it’s time we stopped all this overtime
the cattle in neighbouring farms? business, as it has turned out to be very
boring; don’t you agree?
D) As I take good care of my cattle I don’t think
this foot-and-mouth disease among my
neighbours’ herds will affect me.
E) I’m obviously concerned about the spread of
foot-and-mouth disease in the neighbourhood.
Is there anything else that I can possibly do to
protect my own cattle?
Test
19. You have been given two invitations for a 21. At the last local elections a friend had been 3
lecture that is not open to the general public. counting on your support when he was
The subject is the later novels of Charles standing for the office of mayor. You had
Dickens. As one of your friends is a Charles personal reasons for not supporting him then,
Dickens fan you decide to ask her to join you; but clearly he feels hurt. When you next see
you call her and say: him you promise him your full support at the
next election, so you say:
A) The lecture we are going to is sure to be very
crowded, so let’s be there early. A) Don’t forget, you didn’t perform very well
yourself at the elections, so what was I to do?
B) There is a private Charles Dickens lecture
coming up. I have two invitations for it and B) You’re right to be angry with me but I won’t
thought you might like to come along with me. make the same mistake again.
C) I’m sure you would have enjoyed the lecture C) Everything was in a muddle then. But promise
on Charles Dickens. to let me know if I can be of any help.
D) I’ve got two invitations for a Charles Dickens D) I know I disappointed you at the elections: but
lecture. I thought the subject might interest I won’t again; you have my word for it.
you. Can you use these invitations?
E) I promise to support you at the next elections
E) Would a Charles Dickens lecture be of any if your policies conform with mine.
interest to you? If so, I can give you an
invitation.
377
MODADİL
20. You have recently been to a conference where 22. As the chairman of the steering committee you
you listened to a paper given by someone find that urgent business requires that you
who used to be in your department. You were call all committee members to an unscheduled
disappointed with the quality of the paper and meeting. You recognise that many of them will
really thought there was nothing to commend find this highly inconvenient, so your request
it. On your return, when the colleagues asked is accompanied by an apology. You say:
about it, you answered:
A) I can’t say how sorry I am to have to do this
A) His paper gave rise to a great deal of heated but it’s imperative that we all meet here within
discussion, which shows that some people the hour.
must have been impressed by it.
B) I’m sorry to have to remind you that our
B) The paper he presented was inconclusive, but meeting will take place as scheduled.
certain parts were quite stimulating.
www.modadil.com
C) Apologies for calling you so late, but I’ve

C) For the most part his views were outdated, brought the meeting forward to 9 o’clock in
but he had researched the subject thoroughly. the morning.
D) It was an average sort of paper but there were D) It’s a pity we couldn’t manage to get everyone
some fresh insights into the subject. to the meeting today, but I’m sure everyone
will be there tomorrow.
E) His paper was full of repetitions and lacked all
originality. E) How sorry I was to see that so few of you
managed to come to the urgent meeting that I
called yesterday
Test
3 23. Following the September 11th terrorist attacks 25. You arrive at the airport a few minutes before
security checks at airports in particular have your plane is due to leave, feeling worried and
increased. As a result, many people are upset. However, just as you enter the building
reluctant to travel by air. One of your friends you hear an announcement that your flight has
has this same attitude and is wondering about been delayed by half an hour. You feel greatly
cancelling his flight to New York. You feel he is relieved and say to yourself:
unnecessarily apprehensive and, to stress that
A) Thank God for that! Now I can relax and
his fears are groundless, you say:
recover.
A) I don’t like all these security measures either,
B) That’s not unusual! Actually, I had a feeling
but I suppose air travel at the moment is the
there was going to be a delay.
most dangerous way of travelling.
C) What a nuisance! Now I’ve got to wait for half
B) Remember, all these stringent security
an hour!
measures are for our safety. You can travel
confidently because of them. D) This is dreadful! I seem to be spending the
whole day either rushing somewhere or
C) It seems to me that you’ve always been
waiting.
scared of flying and so now I’m not surprised
at your attitude. E) Not again! This really is too much! I can’t
stand another delay.
D) Given the present circumstances, I suppose
the best thing would be for you to cancel your
flight.
378 E) The September 11th attacks really have
played havoc with air travel so I suggest you
postpone going to New York.
MODADİL
24. A friend is going for a job interview. The 26. There is a border dispute concerning the river
job description asks, among things, that rights running between two countries. One of
the candidate has the “capability to lead a the diplomats concerned in the negotiations
multi-disciplinary team including engineers, feels that the simplest and best solution would
economists, planners and safety experts”. be to make the river neutral territory to be
Your friend is unsure of himself on this point. reserved for wild life. So his final proposal is:
You wish to help him to a more positive
A) Environmentally, the river is of vital
attitude, so you say:
importance; so, in these negotiations, we
A) Stop worrying! If there are safety experts must take this into consideration.
on the team, they will take care of all your
B) Whatever happens, both countries must be
security problems for you.
willing to protect the wild life in the river.
B) What do you find so frightening about a multi-
C) Once the rights of each country have been
disciplinary team? The firm probably hasn’t
www.modadil.com
settled, we can focus on the question of wild

even got one.
life.
C) Whoever wrote that advert wanted to make
D) Since the river is neutral territory reserved for
the company sound grand! I can’t see why
wild life, there is no point in prolonging the
you are interested!
debate.
D) You’ve never worked with a multi-disciplinary
E) Let both sides withdraw their claims on the
team, so don’t worry about it until you have to.
river and turn it into a wild life sanctuary.
E) Well, I for one have full confidence in your
ability to manage a multi-disciplinary team;
you’ve been doing just that for years!
Test
27. You are a journalist at a press conference held 29. As the manager of the sales department you 3
by the minister of finance who is talking about have noticed that the new sales assistant
the new measures aimed at bringing down recently recruited seems to be ill at ease and
the rate of inflation. You feel he has avoided finding it hard to adapt himself to the working
the problem of how public spending will be routine of the department. In fact, you have a
reduced. So, to make him give more details high opinion of him but realize he needs some
you ask: encouragement. So you call him in and say:
A) How long do you think it will be before the A) Let me remind you, right away, that one needs
benefits of these cuts in public spending will to get on well with one’s colleagues.
show?
B) When I hired you, I thought you were going to
B) Is it true that the expected cuts in public be good. What is the matter with you?
expenditure will really be so sizeable?
C) I hired you with great expectations, but so far
C) Can you clarify the means by which you hope you have disappointed me.
to make cuts in public expenditure?
D) Are you finding it difficult to settle in? Then
D) Can you elaborate a little more on why these you’d better try a bit harder!
cuts have to be introduced?
E) You’ve got plenty of talent, more than a lot of
E) Can you explain why these measures have people here. Let it show; and you’ll do fine.
not been considered previously?
379
MODADİL
28. You are planning a day trip to Ephesus, and 30. You are a great music-lover and have attended
want a friend who is not interested in visiting live performances of a great many world-
ancient ruins, to make one of the party. You famous violinists. You came to this particular
feel these particular ruins would really impress concert with great hopes for the performance
him if he came. So, to press him to come, you of this world-famous violinist. However, at the
say: end of the concert you felt the performance
fell short of your expectations. Next day in
A) The ruins at Ephesus are no ordinary ruins.
the office when your colleagues ask about the
Even you’ll be struck by them. So please join
violinist’s performance, you reply:
us.
A) I have made a point of attending great violin
B) If you can’t find anything better to do, then
concerts on every possible occasion, and this
come along with us.
has been the most exceptional.
C) It is sure to be crowded so you won’t see
B) Of all the top quality concerts I have attended
www.modadil.com
much of the ruins.

so far, this one was the only one to be
D) I realize you know all there is to know about somewhat disappointing.
Ephesus, but I’m sure you’ll enjoy this trip
C) As you know I’m always going to concerts,
greatly.
and this one particularly impressed me.
E) Surely, with every trip to Ephesus, one is
D) Recently I’ve got into the habit of going to
bound to discover something new, so do join
concerts; at last night’s concert there was a
us.
famous violinist.
E) As I’ve told you before, concerts with a lot of
violin music don’t appeal to me.
Test
3 31. In the office section of your travel agency 33. You need a book from the library rather
one of the clerks has grown rather slack urgently but just can’t spare time to go there.
and careless, and has come late on several You overhear a colleague say he’s going to the
occasions. The one in charge has decided to library, so you write down the title of the book
take action and consults you on what action to you want and the author on a slip of paper,
take. You feel inclined to be lenient, or at least and you go up to him and say:
give the culprit one more chance. You say:
A) Next time you go to the library there’s a book I
A) When he’s in the mood, he works well. He just want you to borrow for me.
hasn’t been in the right mood for weeks.
B) As you’re going to the library anyway, would
B) He’s been warned on several occasions. He you mind taking this book out for me?
deserves to be fired.
C) I do wish you’d let me know when you’re
C) Why don’t you let him off with a warning? But going to the library, so you can take out any
tell him this is his last chance. book I might need
D) He’s always been a disruptive element in the D) I shall be needing this book shortly. Can you
department. Let him go. get it for me?
E) Personally, I like him. And with his French and E) If you’re going anywhere near the library, I
his German he won’t be easy to replace. wish you’d choose some nice light reading for
me.
380
MODADİL
32. A friend is unduly upset because of the way 34. You are being hailed as a hero for rescuing a
her son has been treating her, and, indeed, child from a burning house. You want to play
because of his general attitude towards her. the event down and so you say:
You want to cheer her up and make her believe
A) Only very special people can work as a
it’s all quite normal. You say:
fireman.
A) Not to worry! It’s a phase they all go through
B) I’ve always wanted to do something heroic
and usually it doesn’t last very long.
and now I’m pleased to have had the chance.
B) But he’s such a nice boy! What have you
C) Actually, it really wasn’t very courageous of
done to annoy him?
me at all. I just ran in without considering the
C) Oh, are you sure you haven’t done anything risks.
wrong?
www.modadil.com
D) I shall never forget the way the child was

D) The main thing is not to make an issue of it or screaming as I went in.
you’ll antagonize him for life.
E) The parents should never have left the child
E) You’d better have a straight talk with him and alone like that.
tell him to show more respect in future.
Test
35. You are meeting a friend in London and want 37. You have a friend, who is a banker, and for 3
to choose a suitable meeting place. As your some time he has been advising you to buy
friend doesn’t know London well, you need to certain shares. You have put off doing so, but
fix a meeting place she’ll be able to find easily. it has become clear that your investments are
And as the weather is cold, you want it to be not doing at all well, and so you have decided
indoors. After a moment’s thought, you say: to take his advice. You phone him and say:
A) The easiest way to get to anywhere in London A) It gave me a nasty shock to see that the
is to take the Underground. The stations are shares you so strongly recommended have
all clearly labeled. fallen so sharply.
B) The best and easiest place where we can B) I’m somewhat uneasy about those shares you
meet is the British Museum, which is not recommend. I’ll think it over for a day or two,
difficult to find.
C) I wish I had bought more of those shares
C) What would you like to do? We could look before they went up.
round a museum if you’d like to or go for a
D) By the way, the shares you persuaded me to
walk in Hyde Park.
buy really have gone up nicely.
D) There are special buses in London that take
E) I’m quite convinced that your advice was right;
you on a tour of the city. Let’s get one of
so I’m going to invest in those shares.
those.
E) It’s not easy to meet someone in any of the
big stores. They really are huge, and they
keep moving the departments around. 381
MODADİL
36. You and a friend want to buy a present for 38. You are a professional climber helping to
a colleague for his new home. You want organize some amateurs. When the climbers
something a bit different. You think you know left, the weather was clear and bright. But
his taste in abstract pictures well enough to since then a great deal of mist has descended
choose one that he’ll appreciate, but you need over the mountains and visibility is almost nil.
to have a fair number to choose from. You say: None of these climbers are very experienced
and you are worried that they will lose their
A) There are several exhibitions of abstract
way and perhaps panic and fall. You can’t
paintings on at the moment. Let’s take a look
decide what to do but want to share your
at them first.
worry, and so turn to a colleague at the camp
B) Are you sure he prefers abstract paintings to and say:
portraits?
A) Of course, in a situation like this, we can’t
www.modadil.com
C) As long as the colors aren’t too bright, he’ll be send anyone after them.
happy with whatever we give him.
B) Thanks goodness, we sent a good guide with
D) Are we being wise? A picture is a very them, so there’s no need to worry.
personal thing. Perhaps we should get him
C) I do feel anxious about them. Have you any
something else.
suggestions about what we ought to do?
E) Personally, I’ve never really liked abstract
D) The mist is already lifting and that is the end
paintings, so I don’t know much about them.
of the problem.
E) Several of them are quite experienced. Don’t
you think they’ll manage to take care of the
others?
Test
3 39. New policies for market expansion have been 41. A young colleague has unfortunately got
under discussion at a board meeting. The himself mixed up with a group of decidedly
president likes to keep things as they are but unpleasant people. There have been two
you feel it is necessary to implement at least incidents recently in which the police have
some new policies, or the company really will been called in. This has upset the young man
start to get into serious trouble. You say: and he has come to you for advice. You want
him to make a complete break with the group
A) I doubt whether any of these suggestions for
around him immediately, and say firmly:
market leadership would bear fruit.
A) It’s time to make new friends, with people who
B) Sometimes change may be necessary. But in
are more like you.
our case it isn’t really urgent.
B) Start to see less of them; say you’re busy.
C) Are these changes sufficient to keep the
company afloat? C) You’d better break off all ties with that group
once and for all.
D) I know you don’t like change, but, unless such
changes are introduced, the company is going D) I honestly can’t understand what you see in
to suffer. them.
E) I’m not at all convinced that these new E) If I were you, I’d slowly start to keep out of
policies will get the results we want. their way
382
MODADİL
40. A younger colleague has been working hard 42. You are acting as the lawyer for the defence
on a research project. He’s now come across at a trial for a case of burglary. When it’s your
a major problem, and this has so discouraged turn to cross-examine the witness you begin
him that he seems about to give the whole by asking a question that doesn’t relate to the
project up. You are quite sure he’s perfectly man’s appearance. You say:
capable of overcoming the problem. So, you
A) When you saw this man, was he smartly
say to him:
dressed?
A) With your talents, you can easily succeed!
B) You say this man’s hair was black. Could that
Just set your mind to it!
have been because the night was dark?
B) If you are really in trouble there are plenty of
C) You’ve described him well. How old do you
people who will help you.
think he was?
C) It seems to me that this project constitutes too
D) Did the man seem to you to be excited, or
www.modadil.com
big a challenge for you.

was he quite calm?
D) If you find this so difficult why don’t you find
E) This man you saw, did he turn left or right
another topic?
when he left the building?
E) Are you quite sure that this project is worth all
the effort you are putting into it?
Test
43. You have been forced to postpone, until 45. As a young journalist you have been asked 3
tomorrow afternoon, a departmental meeting to interview a well-known economist, who
that you had called. You send a note, with your is always willing to give facts but is always
apologies, round to everyone informing them reluctant to express his own opinions. You
of the postponement. In your note you say: have also been warned that he is difficult to
interview, and that you should be prepared
A) It’s a pity but the meeting has been
to flatter him. So you have prepared some
rescheduled for tomorrow afternoon.
questions relating to the state of the economy
B) Please forgive me for canceling the meeting. in the country. Your first question to him would
be:
C) I’ve had to cancel the meeting; I hope it hasn’t
inconvenienced you. A) I am sure you must have given a great deal
of thought to the economic situation here,
D) Sorry! I’ve had to put the meeting off until
so would you be kind enough to share your
tomorrow afternoon.
conclusions with the public?
E) I couldn’t avoid rescheduling the meeting.
B) Are your economic theories valid in such a
Hope it’s convenient for everyone.
political situation?
C) How did you arrive at such a conclusion? I
cannot follow the argument.
D) Is it true that you are only prepared to deal
with facts and figures, but that you like to
keep your opinions to yourself? 383
E) Apparently you have recently expressed some
very pessimistic views regarding the state of
the economy. Is this so, and if so, why?
44. As the public relations director of a clothing

company you are concerned about the recent
MODADİL
drop in sales and feel this is due partly to the

quality of the clothes but mostly to inadequate
advertising. At the board meeting you want
to draw attention to the seriousness of the
situation and insist that a new, dynamic,
advertising campaign must be launched to
boost sales. You say:
A) I’m hoping that the drop in sales will be easily 46. As a member of charity society, you have
remedied by an increase in advertising. organized a fund-raising dinner for the society.
B) I would like to point out to you all that the You want to invite a well-known author to
recent drop in sales is likely to be of short give a talk at the dinner. You know this author
duration; so the present level of advertising rarely does such a thing; so, you are a little
can continue. hesitant as you phone to invite him. You say:
C) Obviously the poor quality of our clothes is at A) I’m sure you’ll be agree to join us at our fund-
www.modadil.com
fault, so we need to improve our production raising dinner, won’t you?

methods. B) As the dinner is for charity, I have been
D) The drop in sales is certainly discouraging, wondering if you would be so kind, just this
so let’s allocate more money for further once, as to address the guests.
advertising. C) I know you are a great speaker at charity
E) To my mind, the company’s performance dinners, so can I count on you to come to
in sales is most disquieting and a vast ours?
advertising drive is urgently required. D) Please let me know in advance the topic of
the talk you are going to give at our charity
dinner.
E) You do realize, don’t you, that the dinner is
being given in aid of charity. Your presence at
the dinner would attract more people.
Test
3 47. A well-respected colleague of yours has 49. An office friend is clearly in need of a change;
been awarded a prize for his research work. so, as it happens to be a lovely day, you
Everyone is delighted because he really did decide to try to get her outside during the
deserve the prize. But one nasty character lunch break. You say:
among the colleagues said some very spiteful
A) It’s far too nice a day to stay indoors. Let’s get
things about his prize-winning work. Clearly
some food and take it into the park and have
this has hurt him, and at the first opportunity
lunch there.
you say to him:
B) What’s the matter with you? You look so
A) I can’t think what made him talk like that. It’s
worried! Why not tell me all about it over
not like him at all!
lunch?
B) Everyone is thrilled that you got the prize.
C) I want to go shopping in the lunch break.
Congratulations.
Would you care to join me if the rain stops?

C) Don’t let him upset you. He is jealous, that’s
D) There’s a table tennis match going on in the
all. Everyone else is pleased.
sports room downstairs during the lunch
D) To be fair, no one thought you would get the break. I thought we might go and watch it. It’ll
prize, including that nasty character. make a nice change.
E) Actually, you have got a bit conceited on E) If the weather’s nice at the weekend, we plan
getting the prize; that may be why he attacked to go to the lake and have a picnic there;
you. Saturday, probably. Would you like to join us?
384
MODADİL
48. An article has been submitted for publication 50. A friend is ill and confined to his bed and you
in your journal. On reading the article you feel know he really must be terribly bored and in
that, though the topic is interesting, it is not need of company. You want to start an efficient
really suitable for your journal. You decide to system of visiting, so that he’ll never be alone
turn it down. In a note to the author whose two days in succession. So you say to some
feelings you don’t wish to hurt you say: friends:
A) Your article is extremely provocative and is A) He looks like being in bed for a month or
likely to arouse a great deal of controversy. more, so we’d better visit him one at a time.
B) I liked the contents of your article but B) I went yesterday to see this friend and he’s
unfortunately it’s not the sort of material we clearly lonely; can’t you go today?
www.modadil.com
publish.
C) He asked what you were all doing and really
C) Though the article is stimulating, the material wishes you would go to see him.
is not well-organized and so lacks coherence.
D) Let’s organize ourselves so that one or two of
D) Your article can be accepted for publication us go to visit him at least every other day.
so long as you polish it a little and reduce its
E) He doesn’t complain but he is lonely; so
length.
I do think we should try to visit him at the
E) This is the kind of article I really dislike and, weekend, don’t you?
for our journal, it’s well below standard.
Test
READING PASSAGES 1
2. According to the passage, fiction has, from
1. - 3. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre very early times, ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) always been regarded as superior to other
The first question to ask about fiction is: Why kinds of writing
bother to read it? With life as short as it is, with so B) usually been limited to the description of
many pressing demands on our time, with books human adventures
of information, instruction and discussion waiting
to be read, why should we spend precious time C) been regarded as harmful to the development
on works of fiction? The eternal answers to this of man
question are two: enjoyment and understanding. D) been a reliable source for the instruction of
Since the invention of language, men have taken man
pleasure in following and participating in the
imaginary adventures and imaginary experiences E) had a great appeal for man
of imaginary people. Whatever serves to make
life less tedious, to make the hours pass more
quickly and pleasurably, surely needs nothing else
to recommend it. Enjoyment is the first aim and
justification of reading fiction.
385
MODADİL
1. One point emphasized in the passage is that 3. In the passage, books ‑‑‑‑.
‑‑‑‑.
A) that deal with imaginary situations are
A) life, since it is short, shouldn’t be wasted in considered to be a waste of time
trivial reading
B) that give us information are regarded as the
B) informative books, as opposed to fiction, are best kind
what one should read
www.modadil.com
C) are divided into two main kinds: fictional and

C) non‑fictional books are the only ones worth non‑fictional
reading
D) that deal with human experiences are classed
D) the reading of fiction provides people with a as books of instruction
great deal of enjoyment
E) are regarded merely as a means to make time
E) through fiction our knowledge of other people pass enjoyably
is distorted
Test
1 5. As it is pointed out in the passage ‑‑‑‑.

4. - 6. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız. A) man’s knowledge of space grew immensely
with the landing on the moon
Space camps are a response to the rapidly
expanding discovery of space and to the B) space camps were set up as soon as space
fascination with the unknown which is such a exploration began
deeply ingrained aspect of human nature. The C) the exploration of space has revealed nearly
birth of the space camp project, designed to all the secrets of the universe
educate young people about space, goes back
to the year 1982. With the support of NASA, the D) man has always felt attracted to the unfamiliar
camps aim to teach young people about the latest and the unexplored, such as space
space technology and sciences in an entertaining E) the Saturn V rocket has been used for various
atmosphere. They are America’s most popular purposes in the exploration of space
educational centres. Dr Werner von Braun, the
scientist celebrated as the father of the Saturn V
Reading Passages
rocket, which carried the first manned flight to the

moon, was the first person to put forward the idea
of space camps.
386
MODADİL
4. We understand from the passage that the main 6. As is pointed out in the passage, the person
reason why space camps are set up is to ‑‑‑‑. who first suggested the establishment of
space camps ‑‑‑‑.
A) help improve NASA’s injured public image
A) was also responsible for sending the first
B) promote the scientific activities undertaken by astronauts to the moon
NASA
B) had himself always been fascinated by space
www.modadil.com
C) encourage young people to consider making

a career for themselves in space sciences C) was actually little known until the first
moon‑landing
D) spread among young people Dr Werner von
Braun’s theories concerning space D) had been working for NASA since the early
1980s
E) give youngsters an opportunity to enjoy
learning about space and related scientific E) had always stressed that the education
activities of young people should have a practical
approach
Test
8. It’s clear from the passage that the Emperor 1
Jihangir ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) followed the method of Hippocrates in the
Roses are the oldest source of perfume. Ancient making of rose oil
documents mention rose oil, which is the strongest
form of this scent, and in The Iliad Homer relates B) helped to develop the process of distilling
how Aphrodite rubbed Hector’s dead body with rose water
rose oil. What was meant by rose oil in these texts C) extended his garden so that more roses could
was not what we mean by this term today, since be grown
we learn from Hippocrates that it was obtained
by stirring rose petals into hot olive oil. The D) learned about rose oil from his readings of
method of extracting essential oil of roses was not Homer
discovered until much later. The most delightful E) liked the luxury of filling his garden with rose
story told of the discovery of the essential oil scent
relates to the Emperor Jihangir (1569‑1627) who
Reading Passages
is said to have had distilled rose water poured into
channels in the extensive garden of his palace so
that the air was filled with this beautiful scent.
387
MODADİL
7. We learn from the passage that rose oil ‑‑‑‑. 9. It is clear from the passage that the use of
rose oil ‑‑‑‑.
A) as we know it today is the same as that
mentioned in early texts A) began with the Emperor Jihangir
B) was, according to Hippocrates, made by B) was first introduced by Aphrodite
mixing rose petals into hot olive oil
C) was originally reserved for the dead
www.modadil.com
C) cannot be extracted with the use of olive oil

D) goes back to mythological times and stories of
D) is now unimportant in the perfume industry gods and goddesses
E) only became popular in the time of the E) was restricted to the wealthy and the powerful
Emperor Jihangir
Test
1 11. As we learn from the passage, one of the

drawbacks of computers for children is that
cevaplayınız.
‑‑‑‑.
Laughter’s social role is definitely important. A) there is almost no difference between leisure
Today’s children may be heading for a whole lot time and school time
of social ills because their play and leisure time is
so isolated and they lose out on lots of chances B) children get no pleasure out of their
for laughter. When children stare at computer computers
screens, rather than laughing with each other, C) a great deal of time is wasted
they get so involved that they forget to laugh at all;
this is contrary to what’s natural for them. Natural D) computers tend to make children isolated and
social behaviour in children is playful behaviour, less sociable
and in such situations laughter indicates that E) they make the activities of children and adults
make‑believe aggression is just fun, not serious. too much alike
This is an important way in which children form
Reading Passages
positive emotional ties, gain new social skills

and generally start to move from childhood to
adulthood. Parents need to be very careful to
ensure that their children play in groups and laugh
more.
388
MODADİL
10. The passage emphasizes the point that ‑‑‑‑. 12. According to the passage, children need to
laugh ‑‑‑‑.
A) children need to take part in group activities
A) otherwise they will become ill‑balanced adults
B) children seem to have grown more aggressive and isolate themselves from others
since the computer entered their lives
B) especially when they are not involved in group
C) the computer helps speed up a child’s activities
www.modadil.com
emotional development
C) and computer games can provide the
D) computer games have a beneficial effect on opportunity
social behaviour
D) and usually manage to do so even when they
E) laughter does not often have a social role are being really aggressive
E) because this helps them to form relationships
with others and grow up emotionally
Test
14. We understand from the passage that there 1
was a great deal of excitement everywhere ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) because an unknown planet had been
On the third day of the new year newspapers detected from various parts of the world
began to report that strange things were starting
to happen in the heavens, and everyone grew B) as soon as the new planet approached
excited.”A Planetary Collision”, one London paper Neptune
headed the news, and proclaimed that a strange C) even before the planetary collision took place
new planet would probably collide with Neptune.
The leader writers of various other newspapers D) when newspapers announced that a collision
enlarged upon the topic. As a result, in most of the of two planets was to be expected
capitals of the world, on January 3rd, there was an E) as many phenomena had been observed in
expectation, however vague, of some approaching the skies on January 3rd
phenomenon in the sky; and as the night followed
the sunset round the globe, thousands of people
Reading Passages
turned their eyes skyward to see, contrary to what
they had expected, nothing more exciting than the
old familiar stars just as they had always been.
389
MODADİL
13. As it is clear from the passage, all that anyone 15. One can conclude from the passage that the
saw on the night of January 3rd was ‑‑‑‑. whole affair of planets colliding ‑‑‑‑.
A) the familiar stars shining with extraordinary A) aroused little interest among the people in the
brightness world
B) the collision of Neptune with a new planet B) was based on scientific facts and
observations
www.modadil.com
C) the usual night sky

C) was all imaginary, and made up by the
D) an unknown planet passing close to Neptune newspapers
E) what they interpreted as the birth of a new D) was apparently only of interest to the
planet newspapers
E) was the reason why so many people panicked
Test
1 17. It is pointed out in the passage that Munro ‑‑‑‑.

cevaplayınız. A) commanded a unit of troops in World War I
Hector Hugh Munro was born in Burma, the son of B) adapted himself well to the climatic conditions
a police inspector‑general. His mother died when of Burma
he was two, and he was sent home to Scotland C) disappointed his father with his decision to
to live with relatives. His formal education ended return to England
with grammar school, but his father tutored him
on extensive travels. In 1893, his father got him a D) was not only a journalist but also a writer of
post with the Burma police, but his delicate health fiction
forced his return to Britain. There he took up a E) chose the name “Saki” because it was an
career in writing, and it was while doing political easy name for his readers to remember
sketches for The Westminster Gazette that he
adopted the pen‑name of Saki. After serving for a
time as a foreign correspondent for The Morning
Reading Passages
Post, he returned to London to devote himself

to the writing of stories and novels. When World
War I began, he enlisted as an ordinary soldier in
the army and was unfortunately killed in action in
1916.
390
MODADİL
16. We understand from the passage that Munro’s 18. According to the passage, Munro, before he
father ‑‑‑‑. became a writer, ‑‑‑‑.
A) contributed a great deal to his son’s education A) worked as a journalist to cover events of
World War I
B) did not want his son to work in Burma
B) spent all his time in Scotland with relatives
C) was one of the founders of the Burmese
www.modadil.com
police force C) travelled very little, but read extensively

D) was a great traveller himself and encouraged D) enjoyed exceptionally good health
his son to follow his example
E) served, for some time as a policeman
E) tried to persuade his son not to join the army
in World War I
Test
20. It is clear from the passage that for Eveline, 1
staying at home ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) was now quite out of the question
Eveline sat at the window watching the evening
invade the avenue. Her head was leaned against B) would be a nightmare
the window curtains. She was tired. She had C) would give her neither security nor love
consented to go away, to leave her home. Was
that wise? She tried to weigh each side of the D) had absolutely no attractions at all
question. In her home anyway she had shelter E) had certain advantages and certain
and food; she had those whom she had known all disadvantages
her life about her. Of course she had to work hard,
both in the house and at business. What would
they say of her in the shop when they found out
that she had run away with a man? They would
say she was a fool, perhaps; and her place would
Reading Passages
be filled up by an advertisement.
391
MODADİL
19. We understand from the passage that Eveline 21. One thing that Eveline was concerned about if
‑‑‑‑. she went away was ‑‑‑‑.
A) was wondering whether she had made the A) whether or not her boyfriend would be good
right decision in deciding to run away with her to her
boyfriend
B) whether her place in the shop would be taken
B) was waiting excitedly by the window for her
www.modadil.com
boyfriend C) what the gossip about her would be
C) had already given up her job at the shop D) where she would be able to find a job
D) was looking forward to making a complete E) how hard she would have to work to make a
break with her past even though she had had living
a very happy childhood
E) had known her boyfriend all her life
Test
1 23. The point is made in the passage that in real

life ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) a person’s faults needn’t disturb us if we don’t
Of all Jane Austen’s novels, Pride and Prejudice get too intimate with that person
is probably the best‑known and the most‑loved.
This may be partly because it has been filmed B) a person’s faults are less noticeable than they
several times, but more important is the fact that are in a novel
the characters in it are so real and alive. They are C) one usually forgives the faults of one’s own
also extremely attractive, in spite of their faults. family
Perhaps they are attractive because of their faults,
for their faults make them amusing to the reader. D) a person’s faults may annoy us whereas in a
It would not be at all pleasant to have a mother novel the same faults may amuse us
as lacking in sense as Mrs Bennet is, or an aunt E) it’s best to ignore people’s faults but in a novel
as confident of herself and as insensitive to the it’s best to enjoy them
feelings of others as Lady Catherine is. But, as
Reading Passages
they are at a safe distance from us, these and

other “terrible” characters give the novel much
colour and variety.
392
MODADİL
22. According to the passage, the most likely 24. It is clear from the passage that Lady Catherine
reason for the popularity of Pride and ‑‑‑‑.
Prejudice is ‑‑‑‑.
A) and Mrs. Bennet are extremely good friends
A) the characters, who delight the reader with
their vitality and life‑like portrayal B) has constantly hurt Mrs. Bennet’s feelings
B) that the films made of it have been very well C) cares for no one but herself
www.modadil.com
produced D) is the main character in Pride and Prejudice

C) that the bad characters get punished and the E) is definitely the worst character in the novel
good ones rewarded
D) the comic attitude to life that it expresses
E) the simple style in which it is written
Test
26. It’s clear from the passage that the steel 1
structure supporting the Lovell Telescope ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) should have been given a less complicated
The Lovell Telescope is the world’s oldest and design
most sensitive radio telescope. It consists of a
giant white dish supported at a great height on B) turned out to be more expensive than had
a large and complicated structure of steel. The been estimated
telescope can pick up signals in the universe that C) has to be replaced completely at regular
are 10 billion light years away. And so it is truly intervals
extraordinary. The steel structure that carries
it, however, has the usual and very ordinary D) presents a serious maintenance problem
disadvantage of being liable to rust. This of course E) has to be painted at least once a year
means that it has to be painted regularly. Painting
this, however, is not an ordinary or a simple task.
The men who do the painting are given a special
Reading Passages
training which includes rescue work. As they do
the painting, the men work from ropes as this is
the method which has been found to be the safest
way of working at a height.
393
MODADİL
25. It is pointed out in the passage that the Lovell 27. It is clear from the passage that the work of
Telescope ‑‑‑‑. painting the steel structure of this telescope
‑‑‑‑.
A) only picks up signals effectively when the
angle of the dish is in line with them A) requires special skills and is also
comparatively dangerous
B) can pick up signals that are an immense
distance away B) is quite straightforward once the method has
www.modadil.com
been learned
C) is no longer the world’s most sensitive radio
telescope C) requires the removal of the dish
D) does not need to be supported at a great D) is relatively easy but extremely boring
height in order to function efficiently
E) can be done by anyone who knows how to
E) is old and so less efficient than it used to be paint
Test
1 29. It is clear from the passage that the boy

Nelson ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) is not at all interested in his school work
Before leaving for school at noon, Nelson
Carvalho, a seven‑year child, living on a small B) spends a great deal of time each day walking
island off West Africa, happily feeds and waters over difficult ground
the pigs and goats, the cow and the donkey. C) dislikes doing all the jobs they make him do
He fetches drinking water from the source, a on the farm
20‑minute walk down a sandy path and up a steep
hill, carrying a 5‑litre jar on his head. He might D) lives with his grandmother who has no one
help his grandmother too. Afterwards, he will walk but him to help her
barefoot for nearly an hour among the rocky hills, E) is only going to school because he wants to
under the blazing sun, before sitting down, tired have a better life in the future
out, at his desk at the school. A glass of milk and
a dried pear gives him back his energy and gets
Reading Passages
him ready for lessons. Before leaving school in

mid‑afternoon, he will be given a bowl of rice and
chicken, or a rich soup. Every school child on
the island like Nelson Carvalho, is given a hot
meal and a snack provided by the World Food
Programme, every day, six days a week.
394
MODADİL
28. From the passage we learn about ‑‑‑‑. 30. From the passage, it is clear that the boy
Nelson constantly needs energy‑giving foods
A) the education of poor children in West Africa ‑‑‑‑.
B) the working conditions of people on a poor A) though the World Food Programme does not
African island realize this
C) a typical day in the life of a child on an island B) such as his grandmother provides for him
www.modadil.com
off West Africa

C) in order to protect him from various diseases
D) the interesting customs and activities of island
children close to West Africa D) because of the hard physical life he leads
E) the traditional food given to children on an E) though these are almost impossible to get on
African island this poor island
Test
32. We understand from the passage that, in this 1
nursery, baby elephants ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) are not only fed but also helped to adapt
In one part of the Nairobi National Park there is a themselves to the natural environment
nursery for baby elephants whose mothers have
been killed. There are at least two African keepers B) spend a good part of each day exploring the
for each baby elephant, and a strong feeling of park by themselves
love soon develops between them. The keepers C) are looked after by keepers because the
spend all day out in the park with the young mother elephants have deserted them
elephants, helping them to learn which foods are
best to eat and to become confident among the D) take a very long time to get used to their
sounds and smells of nature just as their natural keepers and trust them
mothers would have done. Each evening they E) are rarely treated as well as they ought to be
return to the nursery. And, after a feed of milk, the
young elephants settle down beside their favourite
Reading Passages
keepers and presently fall asleep.
395
MODADİL
31. From the passage, it is quite obvious that the 33. One can conclude from the details given in the
keepers described ‑‑‑‑. passage that the job the keepers do ‑‑‑‑.
A) are responsible for all the nurseries A) is largely concerned with feeding and physical
throughout the Nairobi National Park exercising
B) are somewhat indifferent to the needs of the B) is an easy one, but extremely boring
baby elephants
www.modadil.com
C) requires a period of thorough training in

C) are over‑worked because they have to look veterinary skills
after so many baby elephants
D) requires a deep understanding of the nature
D) actually know little about elephants and their and needs of baby elephants
environment
E) cannot compare at all with the way a mother
E) have taken over the role of mother elephants elephant brings up her baby
for the baby elephants
Test
1 35. It is clear from the passage that, even

though Galileo was supposed to be studying
cevaplayınız.
medicine, ‑‑‑‑.
Born in Pisa on 15 February 1564, Galileo was the A) he followed his father’s advice and took
son of a court musician to the Duke of Tuscany. courses in mathematics
At the age of 17, he entered the University of
Pisa to study medicine, at his father’s insistence. B) it was mathematics that really interested him
But Galileo secretly attended lectures given by C) he spent a great deal of time studying
Ostilio Ricci, court mathematician, and heard of a Aristotle’s philosophy
revolutionary idea: that mathematics could explain
natural phenomena like the movement of the D) he soon discovered that this was not well
planets. This hardly seems surprising today, but taught at the University of Pisa
back in the 16th century most academics insisted E) he would much rather have been a musician
that all knowledge about the cosmos came from like his father
one source: the Greek philosopher Aristotle.
Reading Passages
396
MODADİL
34. It is pointed out in the passage that in the age 36. We understand from the passage that the
of Galileo, ‑‑‑‑. ideas of Aristotle ‑‑‑‑.
A) medicine was the most popular subject taught A) were still usually accepted as completely true
at the universities in the 16th century
B) most Italian noblemen felt it was necessary to B) were still regarded as revolutionary in the 16th
employ a musician century
www.modadil.com
C) mathematics was, for the first time, regarded C) suddenly came back into favour in the 16th
as the key to an understanding of nature century
D) all physicists rejected the idea that the planets D) regarding the cosmos, were surprisingly
could move in orbits accurate
E) the Duke of Tuscany was by far the most E) were all based on mathematical principles
influential nobleman in Italy
Test
38. According to the passage, one idea that is 1
often found in Andersen’s stories is that ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) children should be taught how to protect wild
The fairy stories of the Danish writer Hans life
Christian Andersen were not written only to
entertain; they all have a moral, or a message, B) evil and falsehood will be punished
or at least put forward a serious idea. These C) one should not look for happiness and
ideas, however, are always very simple, so even entertainment in life
quite small children can understand them and
enjoy them. Andersen often presents opposites D) appearances are not important and should be
such as good and evil, truth and falsehood, or disregarded
appearance and reality. We see this last contrast E) one can always hope that good times will
in the story of The Ugly Duckling. To the ducks he follow bad ones
appeared ugly. But the reality was he grew up to
be a beautiful swan. This is another characteristic
Reading Passages
of the stories: they offer hope. The future may
be so much better than the present. Most of
the tales had been told to children before being
written down, so they have a natural, easy, oral
style which makes them very successful among
children in all countries.
397
MODADİL
37. It is clear from the passage that, though 39. We understand from the passage that the style
Andersen wrote his stories for children, ‑‑‑‑. of these stories ‑‑‑‑.
A) it is only the children of his own country, A) is so heavy that very few children can enjoy
Denmark, who really enjoy them them
B) they are mostly too complex for children to B) is ideally suited to children
understand
www.modadil.com
C) is extremely simple, but most of the ideas are

C) they all say something worth saying not
D) there is a great deal in them that children D) is so complex that a majority of children find it
cannot understand or enjoy very hard to follow them
E) they are only really popular among adults E) changes so often that the stories become
difficult to read
Test
1 41. It is clear from the passage that there was

plenty of water readily available for the
cevaplayınız.
chimpanzees to drink ‑‑‑‑.
A group of biologists studying the habits of A) in the small pools formed in river beds
chimpanzees around the Koba National Park,
made a surprising discovery. There was plenty of B) in all areas of the Koba National Park
water available for them in the pools left in river C) but they preferred river water as it was always
beds, but these animals always liked to dig their moving and so clean
own pools by hand or with the help of sticks. As
a result the water they drank had been filtered D) but sometimes this water made them ill
through the sand and so contained none of the E) though they had to be taught how to dig holes
disease‑carrying substances normally to be found to get it
in water that is not moving. In fact, they were
drinking clear water.
Reading Passages
398
MODADİL
40. As it is pointed out in the passage, water ‑‑‑‑. 42. The research team of the passage was
surprised to learn that the chimpanzees ‑‑‑‑.
A) is responsible for more diseases than most
people think A) never allowed anyone near their water pools
B) must always be filtered through sand to make B) could dig a hole in any part of the Koba
it drinkable National Park
www.modadil.com
C) is hard to find at certain times of the year C) were very careful not to waste water
D) that isn’t moving is likely to contain harmful D) had found a way of getting clean water
substances
E) dug holes to get water if there was none left in
E) is of no importance to chimpanzees the rivers
Test
44. The writer of the passage emphasises that, on 1
a submarine, ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) there is every opportunity for officers to have
Life on a submarine may, to many people, sound a pleasant life
fascinating. However, it is, in fact, horribly boring.
Except for the commanding officers, a day aboard B) every member of the crew helps to prepare
a submarine consists of six hours on duty, six the meals
hours off, day after day, for months. This being the C) everyone works six hours a day
case, every effort is made to ensure that the lives
of the men are as pleasant as possible. The meals D) life never gets boring for the crew
are exceptionally good, and there is a daily film, E) everything is to be done faultlessly
shown at a specific time, on television around the
submarine. In return, the crew is always expected
to perform perfectly all the time. A mistake is quite
unforgivable. In fact, a favourite saying is “There’s
Reading Passages
room for everything on a submarine except for a
mistake”.
399
MODADİL
43. We learn from the passage that, contrary to 45. It is clear from the passage that it is almost
what a lot of people expect, ‑‑‑‑. impossible ‑‑‑‑.
A) life on a submarine is extremely rewarding for A) to make life aboard a submarine fully
the crew fascinating
B) submarines have every imaginable facility for B) for officers to establish a friendship with other
entertaining the crew members of the crew
www.modadil.com
C) boredom is a major problem for the crew of a C) for everyone to be aware of night and day
submarine
D) for the commanding officers to make a
D) there is comparatively little work to be done mistake
on a submarine
E) for any member of the crew to be on duty
E) the officers on a submarine share the same more than six hours
duties as the other members of the crew
Test
1 47. According to the passage, film studios and

directors often disagree ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) over the choice and number of actors,
As Orson Welles said: “to practise his art, a actresses and support‑staff for each film
poet needs a pen, and a painter a brush. But a
film‑maker needs an army of actors, actresses B) over whether a film is likely to succeed and
and support‑staff’. Orson Welles learned the hard make a profit
way that all this costs a fortune. Few film directors C) since each is always dependent upon the
are rich enough to finance their own films, and other for success
even fewer have the desire to take such a risk.
Therefore, directors are dependent on film studios D) because a studio won’t always allow a
for the financing of their films. This has caused a director to do what he wants to do
certain tension between directors and film studios E) even though there is no financial problem
because film studios use their money to try to facing them
control the films they finance. If a film, while it is
Reading Passages
being made, starts to become too expensive, the

studio has to make a choice: it must either cancel
the making of the film and lose all the money
already invested in it, or go on investing heavily
and hope the film will really be a great success.
400
MODADİL
46. It is suggested in the passage that film‑making 48. It is pointed out in the passage that, so long
‑‑‑‑. as there is a chance for a film to be truly
successful, ‑‑‑‑.
A) involves a series of problems, one of which is
the casting of actors and actresses A) directors and studios will have no excuse for
any disagreements
B) is extremely expensive when compared with
other forms of art B) some directors may choose to finance their
www.modadil.com
films themselves
C) is a business which depends more on finance
than on talent C) other studios will gladly pour in more money
in the hope of making very high profits
D) is an industry which is almost always
financially successful D) actors and actresses will perform to the best
of their ability
E) aims at making a good profit rather than
giving entertainment E) the studio will often be prepared to put more
money into the making of it
Test
50. The passage makes it clear that the dinosaur 1
footprints discovered in Australia in recent
cevaplayınız.
years ‑‑‑‑.
Some 130 million years ago, a spike‑backed A) are the same as those also found in South
dinosaur walked heavily through the wilderness America, Africa, India and Antarctica
of what came to be Australia, and left its
footprints as a gift for the future. They were the B) have little attracted many a scientist interested
world’s best impressions of a dinosaur’s two‑ton in the distant past of the continent
footfalls. When they were found seven years C) could only have been made by dinosaurs
ago in a remote valley in northern Australia, weighing a lot more than two tons
they provided scientists with the first clear
evidence that dinosaurs had lived in Australia. D) are in surprisingly good condition although
This discovery provided further evidence for the millions of years have passed since they were
theory that Australia was once joined to a vast made
super‑continent that included what is now South E) have made scientists revise the most recent
Reading Passages
America, Africa, India and Antarctica. theories concerning dinosaurs
401
MODADİL
49. It is clear from the passage that, millions of 51. One reason why the discovery in Australia of
years ago, Australia ‑‑‑‑. the dinosaur footprints is so important is that,
‑‑‑‑.
A) was undoubtedly the only suitable place in the
world for the survival of dinosaurs A) previously, no one knew for certain whether
this country had ever been inhabited by
B) was almost certainly not, as it is today, a
dinosaurs
separate continent
www.modadil.com
B) contrary to the popular view, this continent

C) was, for the first time, inhabited by a large
had always been a vast wilderness
variety of dinosaurs
C) until this discovery, nothing was known about
D) was for the most part a wilderness where no
the early climate of this continent
living being could survive
D) presumably, they will provide clues for future
E) with its geography and climate resembled
geological changes in this continent
South America and Africa
E) up to this point, no one knew for sure that
dinosaurs could weigh two tons
Test
1 53. We understand from the passage that,

although these parents have six children, ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) they spend very little time with them
For most people, being a member of a large family
is sometimes hard. Usually there isn’t enough B) they don’t really seem to care about them
money, so everyone has to do without various C) they are reluctant to spend much money on
things. There are, however, certain advantages; them
in fact, there are probably more advantages than
disadvantages. The other day I saw a family D) it seems that life has not aged them
setting off on a day out. The parents, who looked E) it is the four smaller ones that they are most
remarkably young themselves, were carrying fond of
various bags. The biggest child, who was perhaps
fifteen, carried a football. His sister, perhaps two
years younger, carried what looked like the family
lunch. The four smaller children also had things
Reading Passages
to carry. The youngest of them carried a toy bear

that was almost as big as herself. The family were
catching a bus and looked so contented. I wished
I could have gone with them wherever they were
going.
402
MODADİL
52. It is clear from the passage that the family 54. From the passage we can conclude that the
described here ‑‑‑‑. narrator ‑‑‑‑.
A) isn’t used to going out for the day like this A) himself comes from a large family
B) very rarely has a day out together B) is very critical of large families
C) seldom takes a bus at weekends C) is more interested in the parents than in the
www.modadil.com
children
D) is clearly a very rich one
D) feels sorry because the children have all got
E) knows how to share its duties things to carry
E) seems to favour large families
Test
56. We understand from the passage that the 1
manner, in which Mrs Gaskell approached the
cevaplayınız.
working conditions of her time, ‑‑‑‑.
Mrs Gaskell was a nineteenth‑century English A) is generally regarded now as being unfair
novelist. She wrote social novels, the most
famous of which were Mary Barton and North B) was disliked by her readers
and South. The first, which is set in Manchester, C) was more critical in Mary Barton than in North
an industrial city in the north of England, vividly and South
describes the terrible conditions of the working
class, which she knew at first hand. It is a powerful D) was not one‑sided
novel that made a considerable impression upon E) was not based on fact
readers in nineteenth‑century England. The other
novel, North and South, contrasts two regions of
England, through its heroine Margaret Hale, who
leaves southern England to live in the industrial
Reading Passages
north. Both these novels present a balanced view
of social problems in this period of English history.
403
MODADİL
55. As it is pointed out in the passage, both in 57. We learn from the passage that Mrs Gaskell
Mary Barton and in North and South, Mrs uses the story of Margaret Hale to ‑‑‑‑.
Gaskell ‑‑‑‑.
A) show how the living conditions in the north
A) is mainly concerned with the conditions of were far better than those in the south
working life in the industrial north of England
B) illustrate the differences between the north
B) tells the tragic story of a young country girl and south of England
www.modadil.com
called Margaret Hale

C) draw attention to the special problems of
C) compares the working conditions of men and young women in nineteenth‑century England
women in southern England
D) tell the story of her own life in Manchester
D) failed to capture the interest of readers in her
E) stress that there were good working
time
opportunities for the young in the north of
E) shows how the conditions of the English England
working class were improving in the
nineteenth century
Test
1 59. We understand from the passage that the

people Steinbeck describes in his novels ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) usually have a background of economic and
John Steinbeck grew up in California and went to social hardships
university there, and studied marine biology. He
worked at various jobs before he rose to fame B) do not really represent the agricultural
in the 1930s with his novels about farm workers. community of California
In his novels, his approach is realistic and he C) work in a wide variety of jobs in California
shows a great deal of sympathy for his characters
who are mostly poor and oppressed. We see D) are on the whole content with the kind of life
this in The Grapes of Wrath, which is one of his they have
best‑known novels, and has been made into a film E) fail to arouse the reader’s sympathy
and also staged in the theatre.
Reading Passages
404
MODADİL
58. We learn from the passage that Steinbeck ‑‑‑‑. 60. It is clear from the passage that Steinbeck’s
famous novel, The Grapes of Wrath, ‑‑‑‑.
A) was primarily concerned in his writings with
the problems American society was facing in A) was, much to the surprise of Steinbeck
the 1930s himself, an immediate success
B) wrote only one major novel, which is The B) was only popular as a book and as a film,
Grapes of Wrath during the 1930s
www.modadil.com
C) used California as the setting for all his works C) was adapted for the stage, but enjoyed little
success in the theatre
D) wrote almost all of his major works during the
1930s D) has appealed not only to the general reader,
but also to film and stage directors
E) was originally trained as a scientist, but he
turned to literature E) has had a lasting effect on its readers, though
it is the least realistic
Test
READING PASSAGES 2
2. It is pointed out in the passage that the waters
of the Amazon ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) shelter many species of exotic fish
The Amazon is the largest river in the world. It
carries about a quarter of the world’s running B) are in parts muddy and not fresh
water and is the second longest after the Nile. C) form a chain of spectacular waterfalls
Much of it is brown, brackish, piranha‑infested
and bitterly cold. Ranging from narrow tributaries D) are not appropriate for the survival of piranha
and raging rapids to stretches of prodigious width E) flow calmly throughout its course
and calm, the river’s banks can take half a day
to reach in parts. It can drop up to 40 meters in
less than a kilometer. Furthermore, it runs through
deep canyons and steep gorges that have been
carved out by its turbulent waters.
405
MODADİL
1. We learn from the passage that, though the 3. The passage largely deals with ‑‑‑‑.
Amazon has the largest volume of water of any
river in the world, ‑‑‑‑. A) the difference and the similarities between the
Amazon and the Nile
A) it is not the longest
B) the different problems of navigation along the
B) it is in no parts particularly wide Amazon
www.modadil.com
C) there is very little topographical variety in its C) the geological formation of the course of the
course Amazon
D) it is rarely used for transportation of goods D) the number and the size of the Amazon’s
many tributaries
E) it is in most parts congested with mud and
slime hence slow‑moving E) the size of the Amazon and its topographical
and aquatic features
Test
2 5. It is pointed out in the passage that Gene

Moore spent his early years ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) preparing for the career of his choice which
The great window‑dresser Gene Moore seems to was window‑dressing
have been self‑taught. As a young man his main
idea was to get away from Birmingham, Alabama, B) in New York where he made his dreams come
then a town of steel and pollution. It was, he said, true
the wrong place to be born in for anyone with C) in an environment that he felt was hostile to
dreams. He dreamt of being a concert pianist and his creative development
then of being a painter. But he decided that he did
not play very well, and presently gave up painting. D) in Alabama where he got his professional
In New York in the 1930s he got various casual training
jobs. One was with a store that decided he had E) painting industrial landscapes in Alabama
flair and put him in its display department, and
that was the start of his career. He worked for a
Reading Passages
number of shops promoting their wares and built a

reputation for innovative ideas.
406
MODADİL
4. One concludes from the passage that it took 6. It is clear from the passage that Gene Moore
Gene Moore very many years to ‑‑‑‑. became a window‑dresser ‑‑‑‑.
A) find out what he was really good at A) in order to make a name for himself in New
York’s fashion circles
B) return to his native town of Birmingham,
Alabama B) more by accident than by design
www.modadil.com
C) realize that he hated living in an industrial city C) only after he had established himself as a
musician and a painter
D) accept the fact that he wasn’t a gifted artist
D) almost as soon as he arrived in New York
E) get a department store of his own in New York
E) though he lacked any form of creative talent
as his employers knew well
Test
8. It is emphasized in the passage that one of 2
the issues the chemists from the University of
cevaplayınız.
Washington are seriously concerned with ‑‑‑‑.
Pollution is no respecter of national boundaries A) is how to clean up the Pacific Ocean and save
today. But environmental scientists can still be it from industrial pollutants
surprised by the distances that large quantities of
industrial pollutants can sometimes be carried by B) is whether it may be possible to foretell the
winds. For instance, a group of chemists at the movements of pollutants from Asia
University of Washington in Seattle have been C) is whether it might be possible to change the
involved in a case study of such pollutants which course of industrial pollutants along the West
reached the West Coast of America all the way Coast
from Asia. They are keen to understand how such
an event could take place and to what extent it D) has been the measurement of
could have been forecast. In fact, back in March carbon‑monoxide levels around Hawaii
1997, pollutants such as carbon‑monoxide from E) should be the prevention of the emission of
Reading Passages
Asia had been spotted as far across the Pacific pollutants along the West Coast of America
Ocean as Hawaii. Thus, it seems increasingly
likely that the West Coast of America is particularly
exposed to pollution from Asia.
407
MODADİL
7. It is suggested in the passage that industrial 9. One can conclude from the passage that Asian
pollution in our world today ‑‑‑‑. industry appears to ‑‑‑‑.
A) is mainly concentrated in the Pacific Ocean A) be in desperate need of reconstruction and
relocation
B) is gradually being brought under full control
B) be doing all it can to prevent environmental
C) has been the main concern of scientists from
pollution
www.modadil.com
the University of Washington

C) be emitting more carbon‑monoxide than any
D) can be predicted and the necessary measures
other industrial pollutant
taken
D) pose a serious environmental threat to the
E) can travel amazing distances
West Coast of America
E) be a chief competitor for the American
industrial enterprises along the West Coast
Test
2 11. According to the passage, a major concern of

some poetry anthologies is to ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) introduce readers to the works of poets who
Most poetry anthologies are assembled by poets. have generally been overlooked
This is not necessarily a good thing. They are in
fact assembled for many different reasons. Some B) emphasize the vital importance of poetry in
resemble star charts, trying to define the scope our everyday life
of the new and show us what direction poetry C) help people to grasp and appreciate the art of
is heading. Others turn their gaze on the past, the past
seeking to define poetries of earlier centuries or to
identify influential currents of thinking and feeling. D) offer guidance to aspiring young poets
Yet other anthologies strive to present enduring E) illustrate certain major intellectual and literary
images of the beautiful for the reader’s pleasure, movements of the past
as if poems were bunches of flowers.
Reading Passages
408
MODADİL
10. From the passage we understand that the 12. The writer compares some anthologies of
writer ‑‑‑‑. modern poetry to “star charts” because ‑‑‑‑.
A) thinks the main role of poetry anthologies to A) they attempt to foresee forthcoming trends in
be the cultivation of a sense of beauty poetry
B) is in favour of poets’’ compilation of poetry B) he is himself a representative of this type of
anthologies poetry
www.modadil.com
C) is rather critical of the way that most poetry C) his own predictions have seldom been
anthologies are complied accurate
D) is himself compiling an anthology of modern D) he doesn’t believe the future can be
poetry interpreted by reference of the past
E) seems to favour anthologies that give priority E) they provide a comprehensive perspective of
to the poetry of the past various poetical movements
Test
14. In the passage it is claimed that XXX ‑‑‑‑. 2
cevaplayınız. A) is the easiest way of getting adequate supply
of vitamins and other micro‑nutrients
Everybody needs vitamins and minerals to remain
healthy. The questions are, which ones, how much B) has been strongly recommended by the
and when? And the answer is surprisingly simple: Department of Health
take XXX. Actually, the Department of Health has C) is the only multimineral‑multivitamin complex
recognised 18 essential vitamins and minerals currently on sale
that we need on a daily basis. The daily amount
required of these vitamins and minerals is termed D) is particularly effective if it is taken after meals
the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). XXX E) is useful for better eating habits
meets this requirement and more. As a new
vitamin complex, it contains these 18 essential
vitamins and minerals, plus a total of no less than
31 other micro‑nutrients, including the complete
Reading Passages
antioxidant group and folic acid. There is no
more complete a multimineral‑multivitamin on the
market. So, because you don’t always eat as you
should, it makes sense to take XXX.
409
MODADİL
13. One essential point made in the passage is 15. It is clear from the passage that, in taking
that ‑‑‑‑. vitamins and minerals, the basic problem one
faces is to ‑‑‑‑.
A) vitamins and minerals must always be taken
in conjunction with other micro‑nutrients A) decide the quantity required in any given
situation
B) the Recommended Daily Allowance of
vitamins and minerals is actually not adequate B) keep the correct balance between the two
www.modadil.com
C) the Recommended Daily Allowance of C) avoid an excessive intake of the anti‑oxidant

vitamins and minerals should not be group
exceeded by a supplementary intake of other
D) determine the kind and amount to be taken
nutrients
daily
D) micro‑nutrients, like folic acid, are an
E) follow a strict diet which includes them all
adequate substitute for the 18 basic vitamins
and minerals
E) a daily intake of vitamins and minerals is vital
for good health
Test
2 17. It is pointed out in the passage that the

resources of zaito were once used to ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) strengthen the financial position of pension
In Japan, there is a government investment and funds in the country
loan programme, known as zaito. Unlike normal
government spending, zaito relies not on tax B) give houses for the core of the elderly in
revenues but on people’s savings. These are Japan
drawn from the publicly‑owned postal‑savings C) improve the efficiency and performance of the
system which by law must place all deposits with Japanese postal‑services
zaito, and from the postal life‑insurance schemes
and various pension funds. The finance ministry, D) revive Japan’s industrial potential
which has run zaito for more than 100 years, then E) provide a supplementary source of income for
lends the money out. During the Second World the needs of the ministry of finance
War, zaito financed Japan’s military build‑up.
Afterwards, it paid for reconstruction and helped
Reading Passages
to channel low‑cost funds into such strategic

industries as steel and car‑making. More recently,
it has turned to “social” investments, such as
infrastructure project and housing.
410
MODADİL
16. According to the writer, the most distinctive 18. One can easily understand from the passage
feature of zaito is that ‑‑‑‑. that the implementation of zaito has ‑‑‑‑.
A) it has continued to be in use for longer than A) changed over the years in accordance with
was originally envisaged the pressing needs of the country
B) its revenues are invariably directed towards B) always been strictly confined to housing
military rearmament projects
www.modadil.com
C) it provides the government with a revenue C) greatly increased the operational capacity of
raise not through taxation but by way of the Japanese army today
personal savings
D) always had an adverse impact upon the
D) it does not come under the mandate of the saving habits of the Japanese people
ministry of finance
E) given a boost to the government’s insurance
E) it has aroused a great deal of resentment and pension policies
among Japanese savers
Test
20. It is pointed out in the passage that, with his 2
creative talent, Edison ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) became a favourite model for the scientists in
Edison, one of the pioneers of modern technology, the universities
lacked formal education. His understanding
of literature, art, history and philosophy was B) achieved great success in many disciplines
superficial. Also, despite the fact that he had C) was able to contribute enormously to the
invented the phonograph and founded a recording progress of modern technology
company, his musical taste was abominable. He
is therefore sometimes regarded with disdain D) exercised a lasting influence in the music
by academic scientists, who often forget that world
his ingenuity, inquiring spirit and tireless efforts E) was able to put his formal education to
contributed significantly to the development of pragmatic uses
modern technology.
Reading Passages
411
MODADİL
19. We can learn from the passage that some 21. This passage, while admitting some
scientists in the universities ‑‑‑‑. deficiencies in Edison, ‑‑‑‑.
A) are oblivious of Edison’s achievements and A) seeks to establish his moral integrity
look down on him
B) indeed stresses his achievements in the
B) argue that modern technology owes humanities
everything to Edison
www.modadil.com
C) finds nothing to criticize in his academic

C) have followed closely in Edison’s footsteps abilities
and upgraded his inventions
D) suggests that he has been unjustly criticized
D) possess the same inquiring spirit as Edison by non‑scientists
did
E) actually focuses on the value of his work in
E) have no greater an appreciation of literature technology
than did Edison
Test
2 23. To start with, as the writer implies, women’s

access to higher education ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) was confined to certain professions
Under increasing social pressure in the late
nineteenth century, some universities opened B) was greatly eased when radical social reforms
their doors to a small number of women. More were introduced in the nineteenth century
significant, however, was the founding of many C) reached its highest peak in the late nineteenth
women’s colleges, frequently run by women. century
These colleges strove over the years to maintain
a curriculum equivalent to that of the largely D) began to decline in the early decades of this
male universities. Therefore, many leaders of century
the women’s college movement saw themselves E) has still not reached the anticipated goal
as social reformers. Although women entered
universities in large numbers in the first half of the
twentieth century, their participation was limited
Reading Passages
by their professional objectives: teaching, social

work, nursing, home economics and the like were
“women’s fields”.
412
MODADİL
22. It is obvious from the passage that higher 24. It is illustrated in the passage that the early
education for women ‑‑‑‑. colleges founded for women ‑‑‑‑.
A) received very little public attention prior to the A) offered training in a very wide range of
twentieth century disciplines
B) had always been a primary concern for B) were largely governed by male administrators
governments throughout the nineteenth
www.modadil.com
C) made a great effort to keep their educational

century
standards on a level with those of men’s
C) became feasible only after the establishment universities
of women’s colleges
D) acted as pioneers for social reforms in all
D) only became available in the closing years of aspects of the community
the last century
E) avoided any interaction with men’s colleges
E) was soon on a level with that for men
Test
26. As we understand from the passage, it is the 2
plants of the earth that ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) are most obviously affected by the
Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope of the meteorological changes in the atmosphere
earth, and consists of a mixture of gases and
water vapor. The variability of the latter is B) benefit most from the water vapor in the
meteorologically of great importance. The ozone atmosphere
layer, which absorbs solar ultra‑violet radiation, C) help to reduce the harmful effects of solar
especially lethal to plant life, lies between 12 and radiation
50 kilometers above the earth. The lower level of
the atmosphere, up to a height of 12 kilometers is D) suffer most from the ultra‑violet radiation of
known as the troposphere, and it is in this region the sun
that nearly all weather phenomena occur. This E) contribute to the elimination of gasses into the
is the region of most interest to the forecaster atmosphere
studying temperature, humidity, wind‑speed and
Reading Passages
the movement of air masses.
413
MODADİL
25. According to the passage, the earth ‑‑‑‑. 27. We learn from the passage that the
troposphere is of vital importance as regards
A) is exposed to the deadly effects of the the weather ‑‑‑‑.
dangerous gases and water vapor that
surround it A) even though wind‑speeds cannot be
accurately measured here
B) is surrounded by gases in combination with
water vapor B) as it accommodates the ozone layer
www.modadil.com
C) has an atmosphere which is comprised of C) even though the atmospheric variability is not
extremely harmful gaseous substances predictable
D) has a constant climate despite of D) since it prevents solar radiation from reaching
meteorological variations in the atmospheric the earth
gases
E) because all the meteorological phenomena
E) gives off a constant supply of water vapor into take place in this zone
the atmosphere
Test
2 29. We understand from the passage that the first

Everest expedition ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) was sponsored and encouraged by the
For many years after Mt. Everest had been Tibetan government
shown to be the highest mountain in the world,
political conditions in Nepal, lying south of the B) established that high altitudes have a
summit, and in Tibet, to the north, prevented negative impact on the human body
mountaineers from attempting an ascent. At last, C) aimed to explore the terrain and chart out a
in 1921 the Tibetan authorities gave permission, feasible route to the peak
and the first expedition, organized, as were all
subsequent expeditions, by an international joint D) was greatly hampered by the adverse political
committee, was sent out. This was primarily a conditions prevailing in Tibet
reconnaissance. Besides mapping the northern E) undertaken by an international team, failed to
flank, it found a practicable route up the mountain. achieve its objectives
By 1936, six further expeditions had climbed
Reading Passages
on the northern face. Some were hampered by

bad weather, others by problems previously little
known, such as the effect of high altitudes on the
human body and spirit. Nevertheless, notable
climbs were accomplished, though the summit
was never reached.
414
MODADİL
28. It is stressed in the passage that, during the 30. According to the passage, several expeditions
1920s and the 1930s, ‑‑‑‑. had by the end of the 1930s attempted to climb
Mt Everest, but ‑‑‑‑.
A) the governments in the Everest area were
invariably suspicious of the purpose of the A) none of them succeeded in reaching the top
climbing
B) none of them succeeded any measure of
B) several attempts were made to climb Mt. success at all
www.modadil.com
Everest and learn more about it

C) no suitable routes to the top could be found
C) it was Nepal that made possible the various
efforts to climb Mt. Everest D) unfavourable weather conditions meant that
no progress could be made at all
D) it was finally established that Mt. Everest was
indeed the world’s highest peak E) only one or two of them in any way were
successful
E) climbers heading for Mt. Everest encountered
almost no problems
Test
32. It is emphasized in the passage that 2
Doctorow’s works ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) turn historical facts and events into comic
Edgar Lawrence Doctorow is 55, and on almost fiction
anyone’s list he is counted among the leading
serious American novelists today. Although he B) have nearly all been made into films
is not simply a writer of comedies, his books sell C) are rarely representative of the American way
widely, and three have been made into movies. of life
Readers, some critics excepted, have come to
relish the blending of fact and fiction that mark D) have received relatively little criticism in
his odd scrutiny of the American past. In his literary journals
recently published book, World’s Fair, he turns his E) have a wide appeal for American readers
historically inventive method on himself drawing
heavily on material taken from his 1930s boyhood.
Reading Passages
415
MODADİL
31. We learn from the passage that, in his works, 33. According to the passage, Doctorow’s latest
Doctorow ‑‑‑‑. work ‑‑‑‑.
A) uses both true and imaginary material in order A) has turned out to be the most popular of all
to depict the past of his country his works
B) deals with not only the comic, but also the B) is already attracting the attention of the film
tragic aspects of his own life makers
www.modadil.com
C) concentrates on grotesque situations largely C) is a historical account of American life in the

pertaining in the 1930s 1930s
D) constantly reiterates the events of his D) is autobiographical, but employs the same
childhood in the 1930s method used in his earlier works
E) draws on the American past so as to instruct E) can be considered to be a political analysis of
the present his early years.
Test
2 35. One point shown in the passage is that

Saroyan began his writing career ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) with the aim of helping the Armenian
William Saroyan’s parents and relatives were community to be better understood
Armenian immigrants who settled in the farming
area around Fresno, California. Saroyan left B) before he reached the age of fifteen
school at fifteen and went to work doing odd jobs. C) after he arrived in America
During this time he read widely and began writing
in his distinctively natural style. By the late 1930s D) as a self‑taught man
his many short stories, novels and plays had E) with the encouragement and support of his
established him as a writer. Many of his stories parents
have been drawn out of his experiences in the
Armenian community around Fresno.
Reading Passages
416
MODADİL
34. It is pointed out in the passage that Saroyan 36. According to the passage, what made
‑‑‑‑. Saroyan’s writing so special was ‑‑‑‑.
A) was already established writer when he A) that he was influenced by a wide variety of
immigrated to America other literatures
B) based most of his stories on the life of the B) that they all dealt only with Armenian
Armenian community that he knew so well immigrants
www.modadil.com
C) expected that one day he would be C) the fact that he was the first writer to present
recognized as a great writer the Armenian community in literature
D) started his career by writing short stories but D) that the setting was in all cases Fresno in
later he became a playwright California
E) portrayed his writings, not only American E) the simple yet striking manner in which he
types but also other ethnicity wrote them
Test
38. It is pointed out in the passage that the death 2
of a plant in a heat‑wave is due to ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) a sudden loss of proteins which may occur
Heat‑waves, if the temperature is high enough, within half an hour
above 40ºC for instance, lead to wilting, and
even death in plant, because of structural B) excessive transpiration in an effort to keep its
damage to essential proteins. The problem is temperature down
that plants react by closing their pores when, due C) overheating in the plant following the closing
to a serious heat‑wave, they are subjected to of the little holes in its surface
water stress, so shutting down on transpiration
and conserving water. Just as the body would D) a structural deformation which cannot be
overheat dangerously if it shut its pores to prevent detected easily
sweating, so, in a plant, the shutting of the pores E) the plant’s inability to conserve water in its
will cause permanent damage, if not death. cells
Temperatures above ‑5ºC can damage most
Reading Passages
plants if lasting for half an hour or more. High soil
temperatures will also damage roots and prevent
nutrient uptake.
417
MODADİL
37. As we learn from the passage, a heat‑wave can 39. It is understood from the passage that, in
cause serious damage to plant life ‑‑‑‑. extremely high temperatures, the roots of a
plant ‑‑‑‑.
A) even if the essential proteins remain
unharmed A) fail to supply the plant with adequate nutrients
B) even when the temperature is below 40ºC B) dry out well before the leaves begin to wilt
www.modadil.com
C) unless the soil temperature remains stable C) store an sufficient amount of nutrients to
prolong plant life
D) through harming the plant’s essential proteins
D) increase their nutrient intake in order to
E) especially if the soil is fertile protect the plant
E) maintain their vitality so that they can function
normally
Test
2 41. According to the passage, unlike the

Europeans, the Japanese ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) take every opportunity to promote their
A conspicuous feature of cities in many countries, customs and culture
in particular those of Western Europe, is that
buildings and streets devastated during the war B) reconstructed their cities in accordance with
are, once peace is reinstated, rebuilt in exactly the their cultural traditions
same manner as they existed before. Enormous C) were reluctant to introduce any novelties into
efforts are taken to recreate the environment city planning
with total fidelity. This reflects the extent to which
ordinary people value the traditions and culture D) paid considerable attention to environmental
of the past. In Japanese cities, however, one matters in rebuilding their cities
sees little evidence of such respect for tradition. E) are, on the whole, indifferent to their past
Tokyo presents an extreme example: it is quite
common these days for the appearance of a street
Reading Passages
or quarter to change almost beyond recognition

every year. In provincial cities as well, one often
finds that an absence of several years has
rendered a city almost unrecognisable.
418
MODADİL
40. It is emphasized in the passage that in 42. With reference to Japan, the writer points out
Western Europe, in the post‑war period, ‑‑‑‑. that ‑‑‑‑.
A) people relished the chance to break with A) the cities are incessantly undergoing massive
tradition and create a new style of city changes in appearance
B) new style of architecture were favoured in the B) Tokyo is an extreme example of traditional
bigger cities designs in architecture
www.modadil.com
C) every effort was made to rebuild the cities in C) provincial cities have imitated Tokyo as
the pre‑war style regards city planning
D) environmental concerns were usually D) in major cities, the streets invariably follow a
disregarded in the reconstruction of cities similar design
E) most countries were still doubtful about the E) there is a strong European influence in city
permanence of the peace planning
Test
44. The author argues that the young are 2
everywhere being educated to ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) be aware of the deficiencies of a global “free”
Modern education is almost exclusively focused market
on preparing children for an urban future, as
consumers in a global “free” market. This makes B) appreciate equally both the rural and the
a return to any sort of rural existence almost urban ways of life
impossibility for those tutored by the Western C) appreciate the joys of rural life
education system in the 21st century. The fact
is that, for all the fashionable talk about cultural D) feel comfortable only in a purely urban way
diversity, schools, colleges and universities today of life
prepare their graduates poorly for anything other E) play a creative role in the intellectual life of the
than a uniform urban existence. We educate the 21st century
young, from country to city alike, to be urban
with urban appetites, skills, minds, dependencies
Reading Passages
and expectations. And as globalised future
will overwhelmingly mean an urban future, our
graduates of tomorrow will be trained, above all,
to keep the wheels of the global economy running,
with all the implications that has for nature and
society.
419
MODADİL
43. In this passage one feels that the author ‑‑‑‑. 45. In the passage the author seems to ‑‑‑‑.
A) greatly values the educational system current A) deplore any effort in education to revive rural
in the West today values
B) is not happy with the sort of education the B) be confident of the future of the universal
young in the West are receiving today economy
www.modadil.com
C) admires the enormous contribution modern C) favour free market policies throughout the
education is making to the global economy world
D) look forward to the time when the world’s D) expect that the young will create a better
population will all be urban world in the 21st century
E) emphasises the high quality of modern E) discount the idea that there is any cultural
education presently being offered to the diversity in modern life
young
Test
2 47. It is pointed out in the passage that De Gaulle

‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) personally urged Norway, but not England to
People in other European countries have been join the EEC
wondering for some time why and how Norway
has stayed out of the European Union. Austria, B) was the statesman largely responsible for the
Finland and Sweden joined in 1994, almost establishment of the EEC
without any public debate, just a few months C) was anxious to keep both England and
after their governments had proposed the joining. Norway out of the EEC
By then, the Norwegians had been debating the
issue for 33 years, ever since their government D) was disappointed by the unwillingness of the
had started the drive towards unionisation. One Norwegian government to join the EEC
reason for the success of Norwegian resistance is E) was determined to keep the EEC solely for
that in both 1952 and 1967, when the Norwegian the countries of Continental Europe
government sent off applications for joining the
Reading Passages
EEC, President De Gaulle of France rejected the

proposals. He feared that the inclusion of Norway,
as of England, would complicate and slow down
EEC integration.
420
MODADİL
46. We learn from the passage that the 48. According to the passage, Austria, Finland and
government of Norway ‑‑‑‑. Sweden ‑‑‑‑.
A) deliberated for over three decades whether A) had, in the 1960s, been designated by De
or not to become a member of the European Gaulle as future EEC members
Union
B) entered the European Union with very little
B) openly disagreed with De Gaulle on many opposition from their own people
www.modadil.com
issues concerning the future of Europe

C) worked collaboratively to persuade Norway
C) has generally collaborated with England on to join them in applying for European Union
matters concerning the European Union membership
D) never showed any desire to join what was D) had all applied for EEC membership in the
known in the 1960s as the EEC 1960s but they were only admitted in the
1990s
E) was exceedingly agreed when Finland and
Sweden decided to join the European Union E) were among the few European Union
countries to favour England’s membership
Test
50. As we understood from the passage, one of 2
the great benefits of the Gulf Stream is that it
cevaplayınız.
‑‑‑‑.
In its full force the Gulf Stream, which begins in A) causes an average ten percent rise in
the Gulf of Mexico, carries warm water to a depth temperature in Northern Europe throughout
of up to 100 meters at rates of up to 8 kilometres the winter
an hour and penetrates right up into the Arctic
Circle to the north of Scandinavia, bearing with it B) provides a large amount of electricity for the
a climate that makes life just about tolerable, even Northern Europe countries
in the thick of the winter. The energy it carries in C) warms up the whole of Scandinavia and
the form of heat is equivalent to 100 times the Siberia in winter
entire use of energy in human societies across
the world or put another way, more than 27,000 D) circles around Britain and then moves into the
times Britain’s electricity generating capacity. In northern waters
terms of temperature the Gulf Stream heats the E) carries warm waters nearly as far as the Arctic
Reading Passages
surface over a wide area by at least 5ºC. Were the Circle
Gulf Stream to fail, temperatures over northern
Europe would fall by more than 10ºC during the
winter months. Northern Europe would have a
climate comparable to that of Siberia: just how it
would support its current population is difficult to
imagine.
421
MODADİL
49. This passage mainly deals with ‑‑‑‑. 51. It is clear from the passage that ‑‑‑‑.
A) the diverse effects that Gulf Stream has on A) the energy to be derived from the Gulf Stream
the wild life in Scandinavia would theoretically barely meet the needs of
the whole world
B) how the Gulf Stream transforms the climate in
the Arctic Circle B) the effects of the Gulf Stream are much more
noticeable in the Arctic Circle than along the
www.modadil.com
C) the question of whether man can benefit from

shores of Northern Europe
the energy latent in the Gulf Stream
C) without the Gulf Stream, it would be almost
D) the reasons why the climate of Scandinavia
impossible for Northern Europe to support its
differs from that of Siberia
population
E) the course, climatic effects and energy
D) the Gulf Stream brings with it disadvantages
capacity of the Gulf Stream
as well as advantages for the people of
Northern Europe
E) the Gulf Stream is indispensable if the people
of Siberia are to survive
Test
2 53. It is vividly described in the passage how,

during World War II, the British government
cevaplayınız.
‑‑‑‑.
Within a short time after the outbreak of the A) forbade the import of all kinds of
Second World War, Britain was without imports pharmaceuticals from Germany, Japan and
of many vital pharmaceuticals that had formerly the Far East
come from Japan, Germany and the Far East.
As a result, the first wartime government set B) gave priority to the import of medicines
up systematic research into the cultivation and C) encouraged scientific research into
medical use of herbs. By 1940, women’s voluntary improving the efficiency and variety of vital
organisations had been drawn into a national pharmaceuticals
campaign to gather wild herbs. Up and down the
country, County Herb Committees were organised D) only gave subsidies to those farmers who
to oversee the gathering, drying, distillation and were interested in growing herbs
distribution of the medicinal herbs. Lay people E) took serious measures to ensure that the
Reading Passages
were given brief locally‑based training in how to country should not be short of medicines
recognise herbs, store and dry them. Farmers
were given subsidies to farm certain naturally
hard‑to‑find herbs. By 1943, every county had its
herb committee and during the five years of the
Second World War, over 750 tons of dried herbs
were gathered and turned into medicines.
422
MODADİL
52. We learn from the passage that, before World 54. It is clear from the passage that, of the special
War II, Britain ‑‑‑‑. arrangements made in Britain during the war,
one was ‑‑‑‑.
A) rarely traded with Germany or the Far East
A) the reduction of imports from Germany and
B) traded primarily with Germany, Japan and the Japan
Far East
B) the setting up of local and national
www.modadil.com
C) imported raw materials from Japan, organisations to produce medicinal herbs

Germany and the Far East and exported
pharmaceuticals to them C) the introduction of new agricultural policies to
increase production in every sphere
D) was largely dependent on Germany, Japan
and the Far East for its pharmaceuticals D) the launching of a national women’s campaign
for the distribution of medicines across the
E) thought of exporting dried herbs for country
pharmaceutical aims.
E) the training of local people in the production of
herb‑based medicines
Test
56. The writer stresses that in recent times 2
synthetic substances ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) are no longer used in the making of
An insecticide is a substance employed to destroy insecticides
insect. It is significant that the word dates from
the mid‑19th century: only since then has any real B) rather than natural ones have been used in
progress been made in preventing the attacks the production of insecticides
and subsequent damage of insects, formerly C) are small in number and not easily available
regarded as unavoidable. Most of the earlier
methods were based on the recommendations of D) are proving more efficient than industrial
such writers as the Roman author Pliny or upon by‑products in insect control
folklore. A few were soundly based on observation E) have fallen out of favour for various reasons
and experience, but most were fanciful stories
of doubtful logic. The evolution of modern
insecticides owes much to gradually improving
Reading Passages
methods of testing. In early times natural plant
products and minerals were used; later a great
variety of industrial by products and synthetic
substances became available.
423
MODADİL
55. We learn from the passage that, up to the 19th 57. We learn from the passage that progress in
century, ‑‑‑‑. methods of testing ‑‑‑‑.
A) most of the insecticides were industrial A) has revealed the value of natural products in
by‑products. the production of insecticides
B) insecticides had been used in accordance B) dates back to the Roman author, Pliny
with the advice of Pliny
www.modadil.com
C) has led to an increase in the manufacturing of

C) methods used to combat insects had little synthetic materials
scientific basis
D) has developed alongside improved methods
D) the harmful effects of insects were not of extraction
widespread enough to require the use of
E) has facilitated improvements in the
insecticides
development of insecticides in our time
E) Pliny was the only author to dwell on the
subject of insect control
Test
2 59. According to the passage, Alfred Nobel ‑‑‑‑.

cevaplayınız. A) will always be remembered for his contribution
to the prosperity of humanity
Stockholm this year celebrates the centenary
of the Nobel Prize, an event that has already B) had been involved in various creative projects
been marked by a major exhibition in the city’s before he invented dynamite
old Stock Exchange building. The exhibit, C) was a much admired and respected member
“Cultures of Creativity” explores the life and of the Stockholm community
work of Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite and
one of Stockholm’s most illustrious citizens. The D) was known for his scientific creativity and
prize he established, first awarded in 1901, has political courage
subsequently gone to more than 700 scientists, E) gathered around him many scientists that
writers and peacemakers for their contributions to were working on explosives
humanity. The exhibit also examines the qualities
needed to foster creativity and courage, and it
Reading Passages
explains how nominees and winners are selected.
424
MODADİL
58. It is emphasized in the passage that the Nobel 60. We learn from the passage that one of
Prize ‑‑‑‑. the major aims of the exhibit “Cultures of
Creativity” is to ‑‑‑‑.
A) has contributed enormously to the
international fame of Stockholm A) demonstrate the procedures whereby
candidates for the Nobel Prize and its winners
B) is generally awarded to scientists rather than are chosen
to writers and peacemakers
www.modadil.com
B) publicise and honour the achievements of the

C) is awarded to celebrate the invention of Nobel Prize winners
dynamite
C) celebrate a hundred years of scientific
D) has been awarded to very many people over advance
the last hundred years
D) inform people of the main qualifications
E) is the primary reason for the fame of Alfred required for application for Nobel Prize
Nobel. candidacy
E) demonstrate how scientific and humanitarian
progress can be achieved simultaneously
Test
READING PASSAGES 3
2. According to the writer, such a traditional
punishment as fining ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) helps to keep the crime rate down
Restorative justice does not ask “how do we
punish?”, but instead asks “how do we get people B) actually helps offenders to avoid facing the
to take responsibility for what they have done?” fact that they have hurt society
Paying a fine, or even going to prison are easy C) has been shown to be far more effective than
options for some people. They are all ways that imprisonment
offenders can avoid taking responsibility because
in this way they never have to face the human D) is highly effective if the offenders are young
reality of what they have done. Prisons have been E) is seen as a harder option than imprisonment
called “universities for criminals”. Young people go
in for unpaid fines, often for victimless crimes, and
they come out with a degree in burglary or worse.
I am not saying that the answer is to tear down
all prisons. Far from it. There are people who are
dangerous to society, whom the community will
want to keep locked up. Prison can also be part
of a sentencing package under restorative justice.
But the vast majority of people in prison are not
violent, and do not need to be there. What they do
425
need is to be brought face to face with the human
reality of the harm they have caused, and they
must be given an opportunity to rectify.
MODADİL
1. In the opinion of the author, prisons ‑‑‑‑. 3. According to the passage, restorative justice
‑‑‑‑.
A) teach people to become better citizens
A) regards most criminals as not being
B) serve no useful purpose whatsoever
responsible for the crimes they have
C) should be remodeled on the lines of committed
universities and polytechnics
B) is only concerned with punishment when the
www.modadil.com
D) should largely be reserved for violent people criminal has proved violent
who constitute a threat to society
C) focuses on criminal acts in which there is no
E) are essential since more and more violence victim
occurs in society
D) is too idealized and has little chance of
working successfully
E) is less concerned with punishment than
with helping the offender to become a better
citizen
Test
3 5. In the opinion of the writer, most of the wine

journalists ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) don’t like the practice of awarding wines
In the coming weeks, wine makers north of numerical grades
the equator will oversee the harvesting and
fermenting of the first vintage of the millennium. B) generally use too many exotic words and
But long before the finished product reaches literary expressions
the shelves – before it even makes it out of the C) have very little influence on the public’s choice
barrel, in some cases – samples will be offered to of wine
exporters and distributors. A select group of wine
critics will also be given a taste. Most will record D) are less influential than distributors in the
their impressions in the extravagant prose that business of buying and selling of wines
wine journalists unfortunately love to use. Others E) should be consulted at all stages of the
will go one step further and assign numerical wine‑making process
grades. These days a high score is more effective
Reading Passages
than mere praise, it can make a comparatively

unknown wine into a highly desirable one that
everyone is seeking to buy.
426
MODADİL
4. According to the passage, before the new 6. It is emphasized in the passage that the
season’s wines even reach the shops, wine practice of awarding numerical grades to
critics will have ‑‑‑‑. wines ‑‑‑‑.
A) tasted samples and described or graded them A) is not as reliable or satisfactory as the practice
of describing wines
B) suggested appropriate prices for each type
B) is not at all popular among exporters and
www.modadil.com
C) bought up large quantities of what they think distributors

will sell well
C) has had a truly amazing effect on wine sales
D) advised producers on the fermenting process
for the next year’s vintage D) means that little known wines never get a
chance to be known
E) compared their impressions with those of
other wine critics E) is rapidly giving way to the system of verbal
description
Test
8. The writer feels that, if we are to enjoy works 3
of art, we must ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) concentrate on the ones that appeal to us and
One never finishes learning about art. There ignore those that don’t.
are always new things. Great works of art seem
to look different each time one stands before B) learn everything there is to learn about art
them. They seem to be as inexhaustible and C) keep finding new works of art to look at and
unpredictable as real human beings. It is an compare them with our old favorites
exciting world of its own with its own strange laws
and its own adventures. Nobody should think D) look at them again and again till we have
he knows all about it, for nobody does. Nothing, seen and understood everything about them
perhaps, is more important than just this: that two E) come to them without preconceived ideas and
enjoy these works we must have a fresh mind, with a readiness to respond to whatever they
one which is ready to catch every hint and to have to offer
respond to every hidden harmony: a mind, most
Reading Passages
of all that has not been dulled by the terminology
and ready‑made phrases of art appreciation. It is
infinitely better not to know anything about art than
to have the kind of half‑knowledge which makes
for snobbishness. The danger is very real.
427
MODADİL
7. According to the passage, great works of art 9. In the opinion of the writer ‑‑‑‑.
are, in a way, like real people ‑‑‑‑.
A) the world of art is more exciting than the real
A) and we can expect to like them for some world
reasons, dislike them for others
B) the clichés of art appreciation are extremely
B) because there is a lot to learn about them dangerous and likely to stand in the way of
before we eventually know them genuine appreciation
www.modadil.com
C) and one needs a special vocabulary if one is C) it is easy for everyone to appreciate art
to discuss them effectively
D) everyone can and ought to acquire some kind
D) because they can surprise us and give us of half‑knowledge of art
something new each time we face them
E) it is not advisable to keep going back to a
E) though, naturally, they are incapable of work of art until we have exhausted all it has
change. to say to us.
Test
3 11. In the passage, we are given a great deal

of information about the new Waterstone’s
cevaplayınız.
bookshop, ‑‑‑‑.
In a theory, the multimedia age should be killing A) together with the number and quality of the
of bookshops. Who still has time to read books, staff employed there
what with surfing the Internet, viewing scores
of new digital television channels, and putting B) including the exact postal address
in ever‑longer hours at work? And presumably C) and the incredible variety of second‑hand
those few people who do still read books will be books to be found there is given special
buying them on the Internet. After all, Amazon, emphasis
a book seller, is the most cited example of a
successful on‑line retailer. So much for the D) but, it is the original use of floor space that
theory. What about the practice? This week the receives special attention
largest bookshop in Britain opened up in the old E) including the fact that the premises once
Simpson’s of Piccadilly in London. With 265. belong to a department store that sold literally
Reading Passages
000 titles and 1. 5 million books, the new branch every type of goods.
of Waterstone’s stretches over seven floors. A
department store, which once sold everything
from sushi to plus‑fours, is now devoted entirely
to one product‑book. The new Waterstone’s is
almost next door to Hatchards, a mere five‑storey
bookshop, with a well‑established clientele, and
two smaller bookshops. It is also less than a mile
from Borders another huge bookstore in Oxford
428 Street.
MODADİL
10. The passage suggests that, in this world of 12. As if to emphasize his own surprise, the writer
technological advance one could, in theory, makes the point that the new Waterstone’s
expect that ‑‑‑‑. new bookshop ‑‑‑‑.
A) Internet, among other things, would make A) is designed and run like a department store
bookshops obsolete
B) has deprived neighboring bookshops of a lot
B) Internet would prove a serious rival to of their trade
www.modadil.com
television
C) plans to open yet another branch in Oxford
C) smaller bookshops would be brought up by Street
larger ones
D) is situated in a neighborhood of well‑
D) Internet book retailers like Amazon would find established bookstores
few customers
E) is not likely to attract many customers
E) new digital TV channels have little chance of
success.
Test
14. It is argued in the passage that although 3
Bacon was determined to make science
cevaplayınız.
objective and value‑free, ‑‑‑‑.
The seventeenth‑century scientist Francis Bacon A) he knew he was setting himself an impossible
was the first to insist that science methodically task
separated from values so as to make it thoroughly
“neutral” or objective. In reality, he did nothing B) this was impossible as truth and utility are
of the sort. His “scientific knowledge”, instead of inseparable
being value‑free, set out explicitly and purposefully C) he did not want man to have dominion over
to give humanity power over nature.”Truth and nature.
utility are perfectly identical,” he wrote in his
“Novum Organum”, and “that which is most useful D) he was himself greatly influenced by the
in practice is most correct in theory”. In effect, concepts of right and wrong
he merely replaced the old “subjective” values E) he actually simply substituted one set of
of “good” and “evil” with the values of “useful” values for another
Reading Passages
and “useless”, or more precisely “of contributing
or not contributing to man’s domination over or
transformation of the natural world”. There were
to be no limits to this transformation. His goal
was explicitly stated. It was to “achieve all things
achievable”. At least he was honest enough
to admit the fact. Modern science has followed
Bacon’s lead exactly, but doesn’t admit it.
429
MODADİL
13. According to the author, the broad goals of 15. We understand from the passage that Bacon
modern scientists are identical with those of regarded science as a means to ‑‑‑‑.
Bacon, ‑‑‑‑.
A) establish what was useful and what true
A) except that they regard nothing as “useless”
B) overcome such subjective values as “good”
B) only they avoid saying so and “evil”
www.modadil.com
C) though Bacon never actually discussed goals C) protect the natural world and so preserve it
D) and even more ambitious D) give man power over nature so he could
benefit from it
E) but they consider him too subjective in his
outlook E) keep the natural world unchanged and
unspoiled
Test
3 17. According to the author, farms are growing

larger and more highly mechanized ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) as this is only sure way to make money out of
If a greater proportion of the food people eat were farming
to be locally produced, this would be of great
benefit to the farmer. A mix of local, regional, B) this is what the rural community wants
national, and international production would still C) since no one is willing to work on the land
be available; indeed, the goal wouldn’t be to put
an end to the international trade in food, but to D) because imported foodstuffs are so much
avoid transporting food thousands of miles when cheaper
it cooled instead be produced next door. Such a E) as farmers feel obliged to concentrate on a
shift would help revitalize rural economies ruined very few products for global markets
by the global economy. Less money would go into
the hands of corporate middlemen, and far more
would remain in the hands of farmers. This would
Reading Passages
especially be the case with the direct marketing

of food via farmers’ markets and farm stands and
other forms of community supported agriculture.
If farmers were not impelled to specialize their
production in a few global commodities, the trend
towards ever larger and more highly mechanized
farms would slow down. Moreover, since small
farms use a proportionally higher amount of
human labor then mechanized inputs, a return to
430 smaller farms would help bring back some of the
700. 000 farms jobs the UK has lost during the
last half‑century of agricultural progress.
MODADİL
16. It is stressed in the passage that it would be 18. The author is opposed to the trend towards
to the advantage of the farmer and the rural larger and mere highly mechanized ‑‑‑‑.
economy at large if ‑‑‑‑.
A) as they result in unnecessarily high food
A) people were to eat locally produced food prices
more often
B) since the quality of food they produce is poor
B) the sale of farm products were in the hands of
www.modadil.com
corporate middlemen C) because it has resulted in a great many farm

laborers losing their jobs
C) the advantages of global economy were
better appreciated D) although he admits the quality of food they
produce is high
D) the practice of direct marketing of food at
farmers’ markets were forbidden E) though this is what the owners of small farms
want.
E) the marketing of all food products were at a
national or international level
Test
20. We learn from the passage that before any 3
tunnel is opened ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) an exact understanding of the nature of the
In the case of shallow tunnels or in urban areas rock strata around it must be gained
it is often possible, by means of carefully sited
bore holes to gain an idea as to the nature of B) samples of the ground through which it is to
the ground and water conditions. Under High pass must always be taken
Mountain boring becomes expensive so reliance C) it is desirable to get an idea of the nature of
has to be placed upon geological interpretations. the ground that is being tunnelled
As strata can vary so much, surprises are often
met with and techniques sometimes have to D) the area surrounding it should be drained of
change in a single tunnel. In the Severn railway any underground water
tunnel (4 mls 628 yd long, completed in 1886) E) the suitability of the site has to be test‑blasted
great quantities of water were unexpectedly
encountered and are still being pumped out.
Reading Passages
431
MODADİL
19. The writer makes clear that when a tunnel 21. It is emphasized in the passage that the
does not go deep underground, ‑‑‑‑. geological interpretations made of the strata
through which a tunnel is to go ‑‑‑‑.
A) one can learn about the type of ground it is to
pass through by means of strategically placed A) are based on samples of the ground taken
bore holes. from bore holes
B) the type of strata it is to pass through is B) cannot detect underground waterways
www.modadil.com
unimportant
C) are particularly relevant in urban areas
C) it may prove unsuitable in urban areas
D) are not always reliable
D) the geological nature of the terrain does not,
E) are especially useful if underground water is
in general, have to be taken into consideration
suspected
E) the techniques used to excavate it vary very
little.
Test
3 23. We understand from the passage that, when

sterilization of water is to be carried out by
cevaplayınız.
means of chlorination, ‑‑‑‑.
Water of doubtful purity for drinking can be A) it is important to make sure that the water is
rendered safe by boiling and then can be cooled not infected
in water bags or in earthenware containers, which
must be protected from dust and flies. When B) it must be preceded by filtration
boiling is not possible, drinking water can in many C) great care must be taken that no dust be
areas be adequately sterilized by chlorination; allowed to get into the water
one tablet of Halazone is added to one liter
of water and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. D) the best containers for the job are
Water containing suspended matter should be earthenware ones
filtered first. There is, however, the danger of a E) the process should be followed by the boiling
particularly serious infectious disease in many of the water
regions of Africa, the Middle and Far East, and
Reading Passages
South America. In these regions the water of

rivers, lakes and canals may be infected, and
the disease is acquired when the water comes in
contact with the skin.
432
MODADİL
22. In this passage the writer stresses that boiling 24. We learn from the passage that, in certain
‑‑‑‑. regions of the world, such as parts of Africa
and Asia, ‑‑‑‑.
A) is the only safe method of producing drinking
water A) filtration is vital for the removal of suspended
matter from the water
B) is commonly used in Africa and the less
developed countries to purify water B) river water may be so infected that boiling
www.modadil.com
cannot purify it
C) is a reliable method of making impure water
safe to drink C) people are cautioned not to use canal water
because it is always infected
D) will purify water but must not continue for
more than 30 minutes D) Halazone tablets are frequently used to
sterilize infected water
E) is one method of combating infectious
diseases in third world countries E) skin contact with infected water can cause the
development of a highly infectious disease
Test
26. According to the passage, by the time the 3
American revolution took place, ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) generations of the colonists in America had
As with all revolutions, the causes of the American dreamed of gaining their independence
Revolution which separated the original thirteen
American colonies from Great Britain were B) the non‑British immigrants had
social, economic and political and so inextricably demographically far exceeded the British
interwoven that it is difficult to appraise them. First ones
there was the distance from Great Britain and C) most of the British colonists were still trying to
the environment of a new country which, whether maintain their ties with the mother country
they willed it or not, had gradually over a period
of 150 years turned Englishmen into Americans. D) the colonists living in America felt they no
The older stock was largely English but the bulk longer had any ties with Britain
of them, as a contemporary historian commented, E) the number of the Irish in America had more
“knew little of the mother country, having only than doubled
Reading Passages
heard of her as a distant kingdom, the rulers of
which had in the preceding century persecuted
and banished their ancestors to the woods of
America”. With each generation and each move
westward old contacts were broken. Furthermore
large groups of colonists had come from Germany,
Ireland and other parts of Europe and had no
ties with England and, in the case of the Irish, no
affection.
433
MODADİL
25. The writer explains that it is very hard to ‑‑‑‑. 27. The writer emphasizes that, among the
non‑British colonists in America, it was the
A) assess the separate causes of the American Irish who ‑‑‑‑.
Revolution because they are so complex
A) had suffered most at the hands of the British
B) justify the American Revolution historically
B) were the least friendly towards Britain
C) relate the American Revolution to the
www.modadil.com
economic circumstances of the time C) united with the German colonists to oppose
Britain
D) account for the political causes of the
American Revolution D) were among the first ones to settle there
E) explain the social implications of the American E) felt they had been unjustly banished to these
Revolution on Britain parts
Test
3 29. The writer points out that the job of a scientific

translator ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) requires more technical knowledge than
Translation renders knowledge mobile. The linguistic
task of the scientific translator, no less than the
literary translator, has been to create new texts, to B) is far easier than that of the translation of
multiply sources into new languages, and thereby literary texts
to produce new “originals”. Over time, translation C) has been made much easier with the
itself has built a great scientific library, ever more introduction of machine translation
enriched, and accessible. Although we may think
of scientific translation as literal, mechanical work, D) is actually far more creative than has
this has never been the case. The reasons for generally been assumed
this are complex, but have much to do with the E) goes back farther in history than does that of
lack of exact one‑to‑one correspondence among the literary translator
languages. Translating science always involves
Reading Passages
interpretation, the remaking of an original. If it did

not, machine translation would have long ago
rendered the scientific translator extinct.
434
MODADİL
28. According to the passage scientific 30. As the writer makes clear, an important
translation, just like literary translation, ‑‑‑‑. obstacle that a scientific translator faces, is
that ‑‑‑‑.
A) requires a kind of rewriting of the original text
A) new scientific texts are growing more and
B) should avoid the temptation of trying to more complex in content
interpret the original text
B) very few people are interested in the
www.modadil.com
C) is becoming increasingly mechanized and translations of scientific works

making translators themselves redundant
C) the machine translation of scientific texts has
D) has really played a very small part in the reached a high level of efficiency
spread of knowledge
D) the work is so mechanical and tedious that it
E) is presently being carried out into fewer and offers almost no satisfaction
fewer languages
E) the exact translation of one language into
another can almost never be achieved
Test
32. According to the author, one of the damaging 3
effects in England of World War I, was that ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) more and more people began to leave urban
The ideal of a family life shared by all in areas and move to the countryside
19th‑century England survived into the early 20th
century, until home life was seriously dislocated B) the manufacturing industry experienced a
in 1914 by World War I, which was a war on sharp recession
the largest scale the world had ever known. But C) technological progress was adversely affected
since the last decade of the 19th century new
developments and inventions had been rapidly D) the traditionally close family life was badly
affecting the home life of an increasing number disrupted
of people. Town and country were knit more E) everybody began to take an interest in
closely together by easier railway travel, cheap political and economic affairs
and efficient postal services, the popularity of the
bicycle, the development of the petrol engine and
Reading Passages
the cheap popular newspaper; such things as
these helped to break down social formalities and
to place women again on a more equal footing
with men.
435
MODADİL
31. It is emphasized in the passage that, as a 33. The author stresses that World War I ‑‑‑‑.
result of a variety of changes in the way of life
A) helped to bring town life and country life
in England at the turn of the century, ‑‑‑‑.
closer together
A) travel by rail became the most popular form of
B) showed people how important family life was
transport.
C) was of a greater magnitude than any previous
B) living conditions in the country couldn’t keep
www.modadil.com
war had been

up with those in the towns
D) was an important factor in the break down of
C) the position of women in society improved
social formalities
significantly
E) had been expected as far back as the last
D) country people were for the first time able to
decade of the 19th century
benefit from postal services
E) the urban people had the unique opportunity
of exploring the countryside on their bicycles
Test
3 35. We learn from the passage that the experience

of average American over the last 60 years or
cevaplayınız.
so, ‑‑‑‑.
Most people take it for granted that prices will A) has made them one of the most
always rise, and understandably so. A 60‑year‑old economy‑conscious nations in the world
American has seen them go up by more than 1.
000 % in his lifetime. Yet prolonged inflation is a B) has taught them to expect continual price
comparatively recent phenomenon. Until about 60 increases
years ago prices in general were as likely to fall C) has impressed on them the need to produce
as to rise. On the eve of the First World War, for more and more goods
example, prices in Britain, overall, were almost
exactly the same as they had been at the time of D) has encouraged them to cut down on
the great fire of London in 1666. Now the world expenditure
may be reverting to that earlier normality. The E) has made them fear deflation more than
prices of many things have fallen over the past inflation
Reading Passages
12 months or so. Not only computers and video

players, but a wide range of goods ‑ from cars
and clothes to coffee and petrol ‑ are in many
countries, cheaper than they were a year ago.
436
MODADİL
34. It is pointed out in the passage that, up to the 36. The writer of this passage suggests that,
last half century or so, ‑‑‑‑. economic trends, worldwide, ‑‑‑‑.
A) a period of prolonged inflation was a rare A) can rarely be accurately foreseen
occurrence
B) have been characterized by ever‑increasing
B) prices were rigidly controlled to avoid inflation inflation
www.modadil.com
C) Britain was one of the few countries to suffer C) have not been affected by a drop in prices in
from inflation a few countries
D) people were more disturbed by a fall in prices D) have been affected by the danger of deflation
than by a rise in prices
E) seem to be changing as the prices of many
E) it was extremely unusual for prices either to goods are falling
rise or to fall
Test
38. It is pointed out in the passage that angling 3
‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) is a very intricate art that has to be learned
Angling is the art of catching fish with very basic from books
equipment, in fact just a rod, a line and a hook,
or even just a line and a hook, the special feature B) is a sport similar to many other outdoor sports
of the pursuit being the attraction of the prey C) is a kind of fishing in which a very simple and
by suitable bait. The requisites for a successful limited type of tackle is used
angler are knowledge of the haunts and habits of
fish, skill in the use of tackle and patience much D) requires not so much actual experience as
in excess of that required for most out‑of‑door theoretical knowledge
sports. Skill in the use of rod and line depends E) depends more on the tackle and bait than on
more upon actual experience by the waterside the angler’s skilful use of them
than on acquisition of theories published in books
and magazines.
Reading Passages
437
MODADİL
37. The passage stresses the fact that, for an 39. The passage mainly deals with ‑‑‑‑.
angler to succeed ‑‑‑‑.
A) the different methods of attracting fish to the
A) it is essential for him to know a lot about the bait
ways of fish, and have great patience
B) the art of angling and the requirements of
B) he must have read a great deal of theoretical success in angling
material about fish
www.modadil.com
C) the pleasure and satisfaction the angler gets

C) it is of vital importance that he has all the right out of this activity
equipment
D) the theoretical aspects of the art of angling
D) he must have a wide variety of bait for each
E) the importance and variety of the tackle used
species of fish
in angling
E) he needs to train in the various methods of
angling
Test
3 41. We learn from the passage that Britain ‑‑‑‑.

cevaplayınız. A) vehemently disapproved of the use of
airborne forces
The parachute was used for certain kinds of
military operation in World War I, but it was not B) was extremely slow to recognise the
until about 1925 that a conception of airborne importance of airborne forces in time of war
forces, that is to say, large numbers of troops C) and France co‑operated in manoeuvres of
moved about by aircraft and deposited at or their airborne forces
near the field of battle, by glider, parachute or
aeroplane, came into being. Russia was the first D) was very concerned when Russia began
to develop the idea on a large scale, and in army military manoeuvres with airborne forces
manoeuvres in 1930 she conducted practical E) was one of the first to build aircraft for
trials. The Italians were also early in the field airborne forces
with the idea of parachute troops. The French
had created an airborne battalion, but it was
Reading Passages
disbanded before the war. Great Britain had done

almost nothing to develop airborne forces up to
the outbreak of war in 1939.
438
MODADİL
40. The author emphasises that the idea of 42. It is obvious from the passage that one of the
airborne forces ‑‑‑‑. benefits of airborne forces is that ‑‑‑‑.
A) first emerged in the mid 1920s A) it gives army and air force the opportunity to
compete with each other
B) was a closely guarded secret for many years
B) they can be trained in a very short period of
C) was slow to gain approval as it was felt to be time
www.modadil.com
dangerous
C) their main equipment is the parachute which
D) was first developed by the Italians during is cheap and easy to supply
World War I
D) troops can be transported rapidly by air to a
E) was immediately recognised as of vital position close to the scene of battle
importance during World War I
E) they can easily be mobilised and just as easily
be disbanded
Test
44. The writer stresses that letter writing ‑‑‑‑. 3
cevaplayınız. A) requires both a great deal of insight and
precision of expression to be effective
Letters are often autobiographical records
of great importance and some collections of B) was considered by Cicero to be a form of art
correspondence are practically autobiographies. which should be cultivated
The preservation and publication of the letters of C) is a practice that only celebrated people are
famous persons is a practice that goes back to interested in
antiquity. Thirteen letters ascribed to Plato are still
in existence at least some of these are considered D) has been traced back to ancient times and
by modern scholars to be genuine. Genuine frequently reflects the personality of the letter
letters of Epicurus and Socrates have also been writer
preserved. Cicero’s letters to his friend Atticus, E) has furnished scholars with more factual and
to his daughter and to other correspondents historical material than official document have
are among the most intimate and interesting done
Reading Passages
autobiographical documents of antiquity.
439
MODADİL
43. According to the passage, it is believed that 45. As the author implies, Cicero ‑‑‑‑.
Plato ‑‑‑‑.
A) expected that his letters would be preserved
A) preferred letter writing to other forms of as records of his age
autobiographical writing
B) was extremely fond of his daughter and wrote
B) was the first of ancients to write most of his letters to her
autobiographical letters
www.modadil.com
C) wrote letters to Atticus which are not nearly as

C) wrote only thirteen letters which contain a personal as those to his daughter
great many details about his private life
D) followed the lead of Plato in the art of letter
D) started the tradition of letter writing and this writing
was taken up by Epicurus and some others
E) reflected his own self and life in his letters
E) may have left behind over a dozen letters with remarkable sincerity
Test
3 47. We learn from the passage that the people of

Australia ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) have closer ties with Scotland than with
Literature in Australia is a branch of English England
literature in general, as one might expect from the
fact that the population is very largely of British B) are to a great extent, of British origin
stock and that in education Australia followed C) are, similar to the people of Canada and
English and Scottish traditions as it did in its South Africa in their literary and cultural
other institutions. Unlike Canada or South Africa, traditions
Australia never had two cultures and two literary
traditions, and its isolation during the 19th century D) set up educational institutions unlike those in
meant that its cultural links were almost entirely England
with Britain. Australians read English books and E) like the people of South Africa have never had
English magazines for the most part, and 19th – any interest in the indigenous population of
century Australian writers hoped or expected to their country.
Reading Passages
have their books published in England and wrote

mainly with an eye to English readers.
440
MODADİL
46. In the passage it is emphasised that 48. It is emphasised in the passage that England
Australians ‑‑‑‑. and Scotland provided models for ‑‑‑‑.
A) avoided the example of Canada and South A) the establishment of cultural institutions in
Africa in establishing their own cultural identity Australia as well as in Canada
B) were trying to create their own genuine B) Canada and South Africa as they developed
literature as early as the 19th century. their cultural and literary traditions
www.modadil.com
C) were for a long time culturally and C) Australian institutions only during the early
educationally closely affiliated with Britain 19th century
D) were extremely prejudiced against books and D) Australian not only in education but also in
magazines published in 19th – century Britain. other respects
E) in the 19th century felt so isolated that they E) cultural activities in Australia, but gave no
turned to Britain for support. support to Australian writers
Test
50. According to the passage, one of the ultimate 3
benefits of advertising is to ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) make working life more competitive and
Does advertising encourage waste by persuading sociable
consumers to buy goods that they do not need?
In reply to this, it has been pointed out that all B) encourage people to attain a higher and
the consumer really needs, is a bare minimum better standard of living
of clothing, food and shelter, and that one of the C) help banks and insurance companies to
distinguishing marks of any civilized community is extend their activities to all sections of society
that it lives well above the minimum subsistence
level. Most advertising is designed to influence D) make the public better informed about how to
the consumer’s spending power. In western manage their savings
countries, advertising has played a great part E) advise working people on how to avoid
in bringing laboursaving equipment, and so a excessive spending on luxury goods
degree of leisure, and even luxury, to millions.
Reading Passages
Advertising that encourages the public to want
more is also claimed to act as an incentive making
people want to earn more in order to buy the
goods advertised, and therefore making them
work harder. For this reason advertising has been
defended as having an essential part to play in
the move towards higher standards of living. The
defenders of advertising also point out that it is not
solely concerned with encouraging the public to
spend. Banks, insurance companies and building 441
societies are amongst the commercial advertisers
who encourage saving.
MODADİL
49. The basic aim of this passage is to ‑‑‑‑. 51. One of the points made in the passage is that
‑‑‑‑.
A) emphasize the vital importance of advertising
for banks and insurance companies A) advertising does not always aim at making
people spend
B) initiate a controversy as regards the
advantages and disadvantages of advertising B) advertising is most effectively practised in
western countries
www.modadil.com
C) enlighten the public as to the misleading

aspects of advertising C) luxury goods are more extensively advertised
than other goods
D) draw attention to the large amounts of money
wasted as a result of advertisements D) the consumer can easily be deceived by the
clever advertising of very ordinary goods
E) present a positive attitude towards advertising
and its benefits E) those who attack advertising are the very
people most affected by advertising
Test
3 53. The passage puts considerable emphasis on

the fact that ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) there is a great deal of variety, in virtually
Though Italy’s national boundaries have altered every respect, among the regions of Italy
relatively little since unification in the 1860s,
national identity is qualified by sharp internal B) the vast regional differences in Italy threaten
differentiation. Economic and occupational the political unity of the country
structures, standards of living, political loyalties, C) the traditional cultural, economic and
cultural traditions and even language vary linguistic differences in Italy have now almost
substantially between parts of the country. disappeared
Only since the 1970s has there existed a
comprehensive system of regional government D) federalism is a system of government that is
with financial and legislative authority. However, unsuitable to Italy
the division of powers between central and E) the central government exercises excessive
regional governments is imprecise, and in practice authority on the affairs of local administrations
Reading Passages
the latter depend on substantial resources from

the former. In the absence of clear and effective
rules, relations between the regions and the
central government are determined by a process
of political bargaining. In this process, political
alliances and personal linkages play a vital role. In
this respect, the Italian system may be defined as
a kind of federalism.
442
MODADİL
52. It is clear from the passage that in Italy, during 54. It is clear from the passage that local
the past 25 years or so, regional government administrations in Italy today ‑‑‑‑.
‑‑‑‑.
A) are hardly at all concerned about the
A) has slowly become more powerful while preservation of national unity
central government has grown less
B) are trying hard to get rid of the local
B) has enjoyed considerable power though this differences of the country
www.modadil.com
is not very specific in nature

C) are, to a large extent, dependent upon the
C) has frequently been on bad terms with central central government for financial and other
government support
D) has become financially independent of central D) are far stronger and better organized that they
government were in the 1860s
E) has resisted all efforts on the part of the E) change whenever there is a change in the
central government to bring uniformity to the central government
country
Test
56. It is pointed out in the passage that Sidney’s 3
Defence of Poesy ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) is still the most highly‑regarded work of
Sir Philip Sidney was a 16th‑century English poet criticism in English literature
and critic. His Defence of Poesy is the only major
work of literary criticism in sixteenth‑century B) is essentially a mere imitation of Aristotle’s
England, a period during which Italy and France Poetics
produced large numbers of critical treatises, C) enjoyed much popularity in 16th‑century Italy
heavily influenced by Aristotle’s Poetics. By and France
contrast, Sidney’s text is highly eclectic, drawing
together aesthetic principles from several D) was entirely original since it drew on no other
traditions and emphasizing especially those critical source or literary tradition
principles that are of primary importance to the E) is the single important work of English
Elizabethans: ideal imitation, moral teaching criticism in its time
and decorum. Looking back to Aristotle, Sidney
Reading Passages
defines poetry as an imitation of nature, but links
that imitation to his view of the poet as maker.
The poet imitates not the real nature we see but
rather he imitates an ideal nature. Sidney also
makes large claims for the didactic role of poetry,
following Horace’s idea that poetry teaches by
delighting.
443
MODADİL
55. According to the passage, Sidney believed 57. As we understand from the passage, in
that ‑‑‑‑. Sidney’s view, the poet ‑‑‑‑.
A) poetry’s chief function was to give pleasure A) should make Horace his guide and instructor
rather than to convey a moral message
B) must make pleasure the sole purpose of his
B) Horace was the most didactic of the classical poetry
poets
www.modadil.com
C) should be fully familiar with the principles of

C) Aristotle’s Poetics had been unfairly neglected Aristotle’s Poetics
up to the Renaissance
D) presents not an actual but a perfected view of
D) poetry combines moral instruction with nature
pleasure
E) must first be instructed in aesthetic principles
E) literary criticism in 16th‑century England was
far more advanced than it was in Italy and
France
Test
3 59. We understand from the passage that the

construction of skyscrapers only became
cevaplayınız.
structurally feasible ‑‑‑‑.
Although the idea of the skyscraper is modern, A) after such new building materials as
the inclination to build upward is not. The Great reinforced concrete came into use
Pyramids, with their broad bases, reached
heights unapproached for the next four millennia. B) once the technique of broad foundations had
But even the great Gothic cathedrals, crafted been perfected
of bulky stone into an aesthetic of lightness C) after people had realized how much space
and slenderness are dwarfed by the steel and could be gained by them
reinforced concrete structures of the 20th century.
It was modern building materials that made the D) for heights of 70 or 80 floors
true skyscraper structurally possible, but it was the E) if aesthetic considerations were disregarded
mechanical device of the elevator that made the
skyscraper truly practical. Ironically, it is also the
Reading Passages
elevator that has had so much to do with limiting

the height of most tall buildings to about 70 or 80
stories. Above that, elevator shafts occupy more
than 25 percent of the volume of a tall building,
and so the economics of renting out space argues
against investing in greater height.
444
MODADİL
58. It is clear from the passage that the Great 60. It is explained in the passage that skyscrapers
Pyramids ‑‑‑‑. of above 70 or 80 floors are generally
uneconomic ‑‑‑‑.
A) are at least as spacious as the average
modern skyscraper A) as the price of installing fast elevators is
excessive
B) inspired the building of the great Gothic
cathedrals B) as elevator shafts have then to occupy
www.modadil.com
too large a proportion of the volume of the

C) were as tall as they were wide
building
D) were designed on similar principles to the
C) since the majority of people feel insecure
modern skyscraper
above that height
E) had no rival, as regards height, for four
D) though in appearance they are most attractive
thousand years
E) even though the lower floors no longer need
to be built on broad bases
Test
READING PASSAGES 4
2. The writer points out that in the 1960s ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız. A) research activities were largely carried out
under the sponsorship of industry
In modern times, it was perhaps the “gentleman
scientists” of the nineteenth century who came B) scientists believed that they were entering
closest to a genuinely objective form of scientific upon a golden age
research. These privileged amateurs enjoyed C) academic freedom was already a thing of the
a financial independence which most scientists past
today cannot have, and which enabled them to
satisfy their scientific curiosity without the need D) scientists carried out their research activities
to please patrons. With the growth of scientific at the public expense
research after World War II, science has become E) scientific research largely concentrated on
an expensive occupation. Many scientists today meeting the needs of war
look back upon the 1960s as a golden age of
modern‑day science, when research was mainly
funded by the taxpayer, and scientific enquiry
was seen by governments to be part of the public
good, and worth paying for. Today, the situation
is very different.”Academic freedom” is now often
a little more than an illusion for most scientists
working at universities or in publicly‑funded
445
research institutes. Moreover, science is now
largely dominated by the interests of the industrial
world, and hence, hardly deserve the name
“science”.
MODADİL
1. According to the passage, the major difference 3. The writer of the passage argues that
between the “gentleman scientists” and contemporary scientific research ‑‑‑‑.
present day ones ‑‑‑‑.
A) is, to a large extent, controlled by the interests
A) has frequently been ignored by governments of industry
and universities
B) finds its best milieu within the universities
B) is that the former were free to research as
www.modadil.com
they chose, while the latter are not C) is advancing at an incredibly fast rate
C) has become a highly controversial issue in D) offers one of the most exciting and stimulating
university circles of careers
D) is not nearly so obvious as some people E) is far more concerned with theory than with
believe it to be any practical application
E) the former were less objective in their

research methods than the latter one
Test
4 5. One argument that is clearly opposed in the

passage ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) concerns the value of antibiotics in the raising
Some people believe that meat consumption of healthy livestock
contributes to famine and depletes the Earth’s
natural resources. Indeed, it is often argued that B) concerns the introduction of soybeans as the
cows and sheep require pasturage that could basic feed for livestock
be better used to grow grain for starving millions C) is related to the inadequate methods
in poor countries. Additionally, claims are made employed in the prevention of famine
that raising livestock requires more water than
raising plant foods. But both these arguments D) is that livestock need water as much as plants
are illogical. As for the pasturage argument, do
this ignores the fact that a large portion of the E) is that land used for pasturage should be
Earth’s dry land is unsuited to cultivation. For utilized for the cultivation of crops
instance, desert and mountainous areas are not
Reading Passages
suitable for cultivation, but are suitable for animal

grazing. However, modern commercial farming
methods prefer to raise animals in an enclosed
space feeding them on grains and soybeans.
Unfortunately, the bulk of commercial livestock is
not range‑fed but stall‑fed. Stall‑fed animals do not
ingest grasses and shrubs (like they should), but
are fed an unnatural array of grains and soybeans
– which could be eaten by humans. The argument
446 here, then, is not that eating meat depletes the
Earth’s resources, but that commercial farming
methods do. Such methods subject livestock to
deplorable living conditions where infections,
antibiotics, and synthetic hormones are common.
These all lead to unhealthy animals and, by
extension, to an unhealthy food product.
MODADİL
4. One important point made in this passage is 6. Contrary to what is often argued, the passage
that ‑‑‑‑. points out that ‑‑‑‑.
A) desert and mountainous regions should be A) synthetic hormones can be used to improve
developed as arable for cultivation the quality of meat
B) the way livestock is raised on modern farms B) underdeveloped countries need to adopt
involves various health hazards modern farming methods in order to
www.modadil.com
overcome famine
C) more encouragement should be given to the
application of modern farming technologies C) grazing for sheep and cows needs to be
upgraded so as to increase meat production
D) meat production in the developed world needs
to be increased to combat famine D) the famine in the world is not directly related
to the consumption of meat
E) every measure must be taken to conserve the
Earth’s natural resources E) a very extensive part of the earth’s surface is
ideally suitable for the cultivation of crops
Test
8. In this book under review, Wellington is 4
criticized for ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) not recognizing the role played by others in
The chief triumph of this book is its depiction of his victories
Wellington. He is not simply the famous British
general who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo. He B) his plan of campaign at Waterloo
remains a great general but he is also shown to C) trying to buy people’s affection and support
have had feet of clay inside his splendid boots.
For example, the writer dwells on Wellington’s D) underestimating Napoleon’s strength
vanity and his unattractive lack of generosity E) failing to consult his subordinates
in sharing the credit for his victories. This is
a splendid book. Never less than interesting,
but always trenchant. It redefines Wellington
without diminishing his achievements and ends
by reminding us that it was Napoleon who so
Reading Passages
forcefully articulated a wish that there should be
“a European code of laws, a European judiciary...
one people in Europe”. The ogre’s dream is
coming true.
447
MODADİL
7. From this passage, we get the impression that 9. It is clear from the passage that the book
the book being reviewed ‑‑‑‑. under review differs from traditional
biographies of Wellington ‑‑‑‑.
A) makes fun of both Napoleon and Wellington
A) as his great enemy Napoleon receives more
B) overlooks the fact that Wellington was a great
than his share of praise
general
B) as it questions his skills as a leader
www.modadil.com
C) pays more attention to Napoleon than to

Wellington C) because it shows up his human weakness
D) is unnecessarily critical of Wellington D) in attitude, but not in content
E) is well‑written and gives a balanced picture of E) by putting the emphasis on his vices, not on
Wellington his virtues
Test
4 11. The word “swollen” in line 5 ‑‑‑‑.

cevaplayınız. A) emphasizes the speed at which the industry
has grown
Fast‑food is such a pervasive part of American
life that it has become synonymous with B) suggest that the growth is excessive and
American Culture. Fast‑food was born in America unhealthy
and it has swollen into a $106‑billion industry. C) has very positive connotations
America exports fast‑food worldwide and its
attendant corporate culture, has probably been D) draws attention to the inevitability of the
more influential and done more to destroy local growth of the industry
food economies and cultural diversity than any E) implies that the industry will continue to grow
government propaganda program could hope to on steadily
accomplish. No corner of the earth is safe from
its presence and no aspect of life is unaffected.
Fast‑food is now found in shopping malls, airports,
Reading Passages
hospitals, gas stations, stadiums, on trains,

and increasingly, in schools. There are 23,000
restaurants in one chain alone, and another
2,000 are being opened every year. Their effect
has been the same on the millions of people
it feeds daily and on the people it employs.
Fast‑food culture has changed how we work,
from its assembly‑line kitchens filled with robotic
frying machines to the trite phrases spoken to
448 customers by its poorly paid part‑time workforce.
In the United States, more than 57 percent of
the population eat meals away from home on
any given day and they spend more money
on fast‑food than they do on higher education,
personal computers, or even on new cars.
MODADİL
10. This passage on American fast‑food industry 12. One point that receives a lot of attention in the
‑‑‑‑. passage is ‑‑‑‑.
A) shows convincingly that it is falling into A) the fact that fast‑food is now more popular
disfavor outside the US than it is inside
B) is clearly written by someone who loves good B) the fact that fast‑food meets our dietary needs
food
www.modadil.com
C) the consideration the fast‑food companies

C) concentrates on negative aspects show to their employees
D) gives a rational account of why it grew so fast D) the far‑reaching effects of the fast‑food
industry
E) reveals the support it received from
government propaganda E) the idea that in such places as gas stations
and trains fast‑food is actually the only
practical kind of food
Test
14. According to the passage, cancer and heart 4
diseases are on the increase ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) and most of the cures have serious
Even though there have been truly significant side‑effects
advances in modern medicine, health problems
still abound and cause untold misery. Although B) due to problems of diagnosis which for the
heart disease and cancer were rare at the present seem insurmountable
beginning of the 20th century, today these two C) since research so far carried out in these
diseases strike with increasing frequency, in spite fields has been quite inadequate
of billions of dollars in research to combat them,
and in spite of tremendous advances in diagnostic D) even though a great deal of money is being
and surgical techniques. In America, one person in spent on research into them
three suffers from allergies, one in ten has ulcers E) but very little is being done by the authorities
and one in five is mentally ill. Every year, a quarter to combat them
of a million infants are born with a birth defect
Reading Passages
and undergo expensive surgery, or are hidden
away in institutions. Other degenerative diseases
such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes,
and chronic fatigue afflict a significant majority of
Americans. Further learning disabilities make life
miserable for seven million young people and their
parents. These diseases were extremely rare only
a generation or two ago. Today, chronic illness
afflicts nearly half of all Americans and causes
three out of four deaths in the United States. 449
MODADİL
13. One point that is stressed in the passage 15. The writer of this passage draws our attention
about the American people is that ‑‑‑‑. to ‑‑‑‑.
A) they are less liable to degenerative diseases A) the fact that it is young people who are the
than most other people most affected by degenerative diseases
B) the rate of infant mortality among them is B) the paradox that medicine today has improved
rising rapidly remarkably, but more and more people are
www.modadil.com
suffering from various diseases

C) there is an alarming lack of communication
between parents and their children C) the commonly‑held view that cancer, will in a
few decades, be completely eradicated
D) the incidence of cancer among them is slowly
being reduced due to medical advances D) the argument that good health depends upon
a healthy diet and early diagnosis
E) in one way or another, a very large proportion
of them have health problems E) the possibility that is mental rather than
physical health that is going to be the major
problem of the future in the US
Test
4 17. According to the passage, it was at one time

believed in Scotland that ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) football was a better game than golf for young
It may be that golf originated in Holland but people
certainly Scotland fostered the game and
is famous for it. In fact, in 1457 the Scottish B) annual games made the tournament too
Parliament, disturbed because football and golf competitive
had lured young Scots from the more soldierly C) golf was having an adverse effect on young
exercise of archery, passed an ordinance that people’s military skills
banned football and golf. James I and Charles I
of the royal line of Stuarts were golf enthusiasts, D) young people should be encouraged to take
whereby the game came to be known as “the royal up either golf or archery
and ancient game of golf”. The golf balls used in E) the origins of archery were in some way
the early games were leather‑covered and stuffed associated with Holland
with feathers. Clubs of all kinds were fashioned by
Reading Passages
hand to suit individual players. The great stop in

spreading the game came with the change from
the feather ball to the present‑day ball introduced
in about 1850. In 1860, formal competitions began
with the establishment of an annual tournament
for the British Open championship. There are
records of “golf clubs” in the United States as far
back as colonial days. However, it remained a
rather sedate and almost aristocratic pastime until
450 a 20‑year‑old Francis Quimet of Boston defeated
two great British professionals, Harry Vardon and
Ted Ray, in the United States Open championship
at Brookline, Mass., in 1913. This feat put the
game and Francis Quimet on the front pages of
the newspapers and stirred a wave of enthusiasm
for the sport.
MODADİL
16. As we understand from the passage, golf only 18. It is pointed out in the passage that golf ‑‑‑‑.
became a popular game ‑‑‑‑.
A) was to some extent practiced in colonial
A) after an unknown American beat two famous America
British golf players in a US tournament
B) has been overshadowed by football in recent
B) following the annual tournament organized in times
1860
www.modadil.com
C) requires a great deal of expensive equipment

C) in the time of James I
D) receives less newspaper coverage than
D) after the introduction of annual formal football
competitions in both England and America
E) didn’t arouse as much enthusiasm as archery
E) after golf clubs were set up in colonial did in medieval Scotland
America
Test
20. It is pointed out in the passage that the 4
present economic recession in Germany ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) is actually not as serious as is being
The economic news from Europe was particularly experienced in several other European
disappointing in the second half of 2002. countries
Moreover, recent surveys from the region imply
little prospect of improvement in the near future. B) is being overcome by means of increased
Perhaps the most worrying aspect has been exports
the sharp decline in conditions in Germany ‑ C) is more persistent than previous ones have
the area’s largest and most important economy. been
Domestic demand in Germany is very weak
and, with the global economy also struggling, D) should have been foreseen much earlier
Germany’s manufacturers have not been able E) has been exaggerated in several surveys
to export their way out of trouble as they have recently
done in the past. With the economy in such a
Reading Passages
weak state, it is no surprise then that European
stock markets have followed the US stock
markets’ downturn over the past 6 months. While
individual share prices may be lower and market
valuations look attractive, the economy does
not. Recovery seems some way off and strong
equity performance from Europe’s markets seems
unlikely in 2003.
451
MODADİL
19. We understand from the passage that the 21. The passage points out that Germany’s current
economic prospects in the current year for the economic problems ‑‑‑‑.
European stock markets ‑‑‑‑.
A) have left the stock markets of Europe
A) are not foreseeable unaffected
B) are certainly promising B) have led to a worrying decline in the world
economy
www.modadil.com
C) are constantly under discussion

C) are far less serious than those of any other
D) seem most encouraging
country in Europe
E) don’t look hopeful
D) stem in part from a drop in domestic sales
E) are in fact not as alarming as they were once
thought to be
Test
4 23. As it is pointed out in the passage, one

significant outcome of the lunar probes in the
cevaplayınız.
1990s was ‑‑‑‑.
Scientists who study Earth’s moon have two big A) the staggering finding of evidence of water on
regrets about the six Apollo missions that landed the moon
a dozen astronauts on the lunar surface between
1969 and 1972. The biggest regret, of course, is B) the focussing of scientific attention on the
that the missions ended so abruptly, with so much comets
of the moon still unexplored. But researchers also C) the resumption of lunar missions
lament that the great triumph of Apollo led to a
popular misconception: because astronauts have D) the realization that life is possible on the
visited the moon, there is no compelling reason moon
to go back. In the 1990s, however, two probes E) the realization that there were great
that orbited the moon raised new questions about similarities between earth and moon
Earth’s airless satellite. One stunning discovery
Reading Passages
was strong evidence of water ice in the perpetually

shadowed areas near the moon’s poles. Because
scientists believe that comets deposited water and
organic compounds on both Earth and its moon,
well‑preserved ice at the lunar poles could yield
clues to the origins of life.
452
MODADİL
22. The point made in its passage is that it may be 24. According to the passage, even though there
possible to ‑‑‑‑. were six Apollo missions to the moon roughly
thirty years ago, ‑‑‑‑.
A) come to a better understanding of comets
through the study of the moon A) none of them could claim to be successful
B) learn more about the beginnings of life from B) man’s knowledge of the moon has not
the ice at the moon’s poles increased at all
www.modadil.com
C) resume Apollo missions as there is evidence C) a very large proportion of the lunar surface
of water on the moon remains to date unexamined
D) identify the origin of the organic compounds D) it was only the lunar poles that were explored
found on the moon fully
E) have a full knowledge of the moon without E) the idea of sending astronauts back to the
sending any more astronauts there moon seems even more far ‑fetched than
formerly
Test
26. It is clear from the passage that ‑‑‑‑. 4
cevaplayınız. A) the strength of the steel structure of the
towers had been questioned when the
The US National Institute of Standards and designs were drawn up
Technology (NIST) will soon be testing a
controversial theory about the collapse of the B) NIST has already made a thorough study of
World Trade Center towers. According to an the collapse of the towers
analysis by a loading fire‑safety expert, had C) the reason for the sudden collapse of the two
the fire‑proofing insulation on the towers’ steel towers is still under debate
structures been thicker, the towers would have
survived longer and might even have remained D) the structure of the twin towers was in many
standing after they were hit by the hijacked respects well below standard
planes. The work is being seized on by lawyers E) the hijacked planes hit the weakest parts of
representing victims’ families and insurance the twin towers
companies. If confirmed, it could also lead to
Reading Passages
changes in building codes. NIST is responsible
for drawing up the final report on the towers’
collapses and recommending if any changes are
needed. It is widely accepted that the collapses
were caused by the failure of the buildings’ steel
structure as it was weakened by the heat of the
fires.
453
MODADİL
25. As it is pointed out in the passage, it is 27. As we learn from the passage, a specialist in
commonly recognized that the main cause for fire‑safety ‑‑‑‑.
the collapse of the twin towers ‑‑‑‑.
A) puts the blame for the collapse of the towers
A) will only be understood after the release of a on the thin fire‑proofing insulation
detailed report by NIST
B) is to blame for negligence as regards the
B) can never be established beyond doubt burning of the twin towers
www.modadil.com
C) was the weakening of the steel structure due C) has been cooperating with the victims’
to the heat of the fire lawyers to start legal procedures
D) was not so much due to the heat of the fires D) has been commissioned to prepare a report
as to the force of the impact of the hijacked on the collapse of the towers
planes
E) should have been aware of the structural
E) is of special interest to insurance companies weakness of the towers and given due
warning
Test
4 29. It is stressed in the passage that for the

American economy, ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) John Snow’s policies promise a great deal of
The long‑expected decline in the dollar is now hope
well under way. For years economists have
predicted that America’s huge current‑account B) it is not inflation but deflation that in fact may
deficit would eventually cause its currency to pose the more serious problem
plunge. So far the dollar’s slide has been fairly C) the global level of exchange rates constitutes
gradual: it is down by 13% in trade‑weighted a major threat
terms over the past year, though it has dropped
by almost twice as much against the euro since D) and for the world economy, a strong dollar is
its 2001 peak. As the decline seemed to pick up of vital importance
speed this week, John Snow, George Bush’s E) policy makers agree that deflation has been
Treasury Secretary, declared that he favours a responsible for many of the problems
“strong dollar policy”. That was surely the wrong
Reading Passages
answer, even leaving aside the debatable issue

of whether cabinet secretaries can influence the
level of exchange tales. A weaker, not a stronger
dollar, is what the world needs now ‑ so long as
policymakers elsewhere respond appropriately.
America promoted a strong dollar throughout the
1990s, when inflation was still thought to be the
main enemy. Today it makes less sense. Even
after its recent slide, the dollar seems overvalued.
454 Moreover, with ample space capacity in America,
deflation looks a bigger risk than inflation.
MODADİL
28. It is pointed out in the passage that the 30. According to the passage, what has brought
American policy, in the 1990s, for a strong about the fall of the American dollar ‑‑‑‑.
dollar ‑‑‑‑.
A) is the erratic global fluctuations in exchange
A) seems less rational now than it did then rates
B) has proved successful in boosting the B) is the enormous deficit experienced by the
economy American economy
www.modadil.com
C) has been reversed by the Treasury Secretary, C) has been a persistent recession in the global
John Snow economy
D) has frequently been disregarded by American D) is the wrong economic policies introduced by
economists John Snow, Treasury Secretary
E) has been a major reason for the decline of the E) is the unexpected rise in the value of the euro
euro
Test
32. It is pointed out in the passage that South 4
Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) export more to the US than to any other
During the past few decades four East Asian country in the world
economies – South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and
Hong Kong – have achieved the fastest rates of B) have been in fierce competition with each
economic growth the world has ever seen. In 1962 other in the export of manufactured goods.
Taiwan stood between Zaire and the Congo on C) have developed their economies in
the global ranking of income per head: by 1986 its accordance with the theory of development
neighbours were Greece and Malta. In 1962 South economics
Korea was poorer than Sudan: by 1986 it was
richer than Argentina. Today the four “dragons” D) admit openly that they have made use of
account for 10 per cent of manufactured exports various distorted trade regimes
worldwide, not far short of America’s 12 per cent. E) export almost as many manufactured goods
Understanding this miracle is the most urgent task between them, as does the US
Reading Passages
in development economics. But most economists
are content to cite the dragons as proof of their
favourite theories – whatever those theories may
be. Free marketers point to the dragons’ reliance
on private enterprise, markets and relatively
undistorted trade regimes. Interventionists point
with equal assurance to clever bureaucracies,
non‑market allocation of resources and highly
distorted trade regimes.
455
MODADİL
31. According to the passage, the so‑called four 33. We learn from the passage that, in just over
“dragons” of East Asia ‑‑‑‑. two decades, Taiwan ‑‑‑‑.
A) are hoping shortly to outpace Greece and A) became the economic model for the other
Malta in economic growth. “dragons” on account of its economic success
B) have definitely benefited greatly from a B) achieved the fastest rate of economic growth
free‑trade policy among the four East Asian “dragons”
www.modadil.com
C) are presently developing their own C) rose from a low‑level per capital income
free‑market strategies similar to that of Zaire, to a relatively high one
D) have experienced a staggering and D) attached far more importance to private
unprecedented economic growth rate over enterprise than any other Asian country
recent decades
E) was the only one among the “dragons” to
E) have finally managed to throw off bureaucratic exploit its resources to the full
obstacles and disprove the theories of many
economists
Test
4 35. As we learn from the passage, it seems likely

that women ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) are about to rally against the gender gap in
Although women have made huge strides in the workplace
catching up with men in the workplace, a gender
gap still persists both in wages and levels of B) become seriously concerned, at a very early
advancement. Commonly cited explanations for age, about their future careers
this gap range from charges of sex discrimination C) will fight determinedly for their rights in the
to claims that women are more sensitive than workplace
men to work versus family conflicts and thus
less inclined to make sacrifices for their careers. D) will, due to their passive nature, find it hard to
Now, however, two new studies suggest that get the promotion they deserve
another factor may be at work: a deeply ingrained E) have less of the competitive spirit than men
difference in the way men and women react do
to competition that manifests itself even at an
Reading Passages
early age. Apparently, females tend to be far

less responsive to competition than males – a
tendency with important implications for women
and business. It may hurt women in highly
competitive labour markets, for example, and
hamper efficient job placement – especially for
positions in which competitiveness is not a useful
trait.
456
MODADİL
34. On the whole, according to the passage, 36. We understand from the passage that, when
women in the workplace ‑‑‑‑. a choice has to be made between work and
family, ‑‑‑‑.
A) are content to let the men compete among
themselves A) men are less likely than women to risk their
careers
B) inspire a competitive spirit in men
B) most career women naturally give precedence
www.modadil.com
C) receive the treatment they naturally deserve

to work
D) have rapidly attained a position approaching
C) women expect men to give the priority to the
that of men
family
E) keep themselves up‑to‑date with
D) it is the women, rather than men, who find
developments in the labour market
making that choice hard
E) neither the men nor the women can readily
make up their minds
Test
38. As it is pointed out in the passage, one of the 4
benefits of the New valley will be that ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) Egypt will change from an agricultural country
The Sahara desert takes up most of Egypt’s land, into a fully industrial one
so overcrowding is a huge problem. Sixty‑two
million people live squeezed together into the B) Egypt can at last start a tourist industry
six million fertile acres along the Nile delta and C) the overcrowding in Cairo and the Nile delta
narrow river valley – just five per cent of the total area will be reduced
area of Egypt. Between 12 and 15 million live
in Cairo alone. Until recently, it was impractical D) the hot, dry desert climate of Egypt will be
and dangerous to even consider moving into the rapidly modified
southern desert, where temperatures regularly E) it will set an example for the developed world
rise above 50 ºC and water is scarce and can only to invest in desert projects
be reached using carefully placed irrigation wells.
But in the last 20 years a “New Valley” has slowly
Reading Passages
being taking shape. Towns with industrial centres,
tourist areas and spacious apartment blocks are
being constructed, factories are springing up. The
main development making this possible is the
construction of the vast Sheikh Zayed canal, also
known as the Toshka canal. Named for Sheikh
Zayed al Nahya, president of the United Arab
Emirates, which is financially backing the Project,
the canal is part of the irrigation scheme dreamed
up by the Egyptian government to make it possible 457
for people to move away from the traffic, pollution
and bustle of Cairo. If a “second Nile” cuts through
the desert and water is distributed to surrounding
land, people and crops can thrive there as they
do around the existing Nile. The area is becoming
known as the New Valley.
MODADİL
37. We understand from the passage that the 39. We can conclude from the passage that the
canal under construction ‑‑‑‑. New Valley project, which has been underway
for roughly two decades, ‑‑‑‑.
A) is designed to meet the water needs of Cairo
and other cities A) was originally proposed by Sheikh Zayed al
Nahya of the United Arab Emirates
B) constitutes just a portion of a massive
irrigation project B) has already started up to transform the
www.modadil.com
economic potential of Egypt

C) will bring fertility to the whole of the Sahara
C) is primarily an agricultural one, and industrial
D) will irrigate only 5 % of the total area of Egypt activity is not provided for
E) passes through an overcrowded part of the D) is very near to competition and large numbers
country of people have already moved in
E) is proving far more problematic than was
originally foreseen
Test
4 41. As we understand from the passage, one of

the issues Kennedy was planning to tackle ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) concerned the improvement of relations
When Lyndon Johnson assumed the presidency, between his administration and Congress
after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, in
November of 1963, he knew that in order to B) concerned bringing to an end the antagonism
accrue political capital he would initially need towards Cuba
to champion goals and policies that Kennedy C) related to the ending of the war in Vietnam
had already been pursuing. Not long before his
death Kennedy had scrawled the word “poverty” D) was the redefinition of the aims of US foreign
on a piece of paper and circled it multiple policy
times; this note fell into the hands of his brother E) was the elimination of poverty in the US
Robert and became a symbolic justification for
Johnson’s declaration of the war on Poverty,
early in 1964. Similarly, many of the things that
Reading Passages
Johnson pushed through Congress in his first

two years as President, can readily be seen as
extensions of the avowed policies of the Kennedy
Administration. The details might have been
different, but historians generally agree that if
Kennedy had lived out his first term and won a
second, America would have witnessed something
similar to the early years of Johnson’s Great
Society. On foreign policy, too, Johnson at first
458 strove consciously to follow his predecessor. And
some historians have argued that in this realm
as well, Johnson indeed pursued a course the
Kennedy had already introduced. If Kennedy had
lived, according to this line of thinking, he would
have continued a policy of antagonism towards
Cuba and steady escalation of US involvement in
Vietnam. Johnson certainly believed that this was
MODADİL
what Kennedy intended to do.
40. It’s clear from the passage that, on assuming 42. It is clear from the passage that initially
the presidency, Johnson ‑‑‑‑. Johnson intended to continue the Kennedy
policies ‑‑‑‑.
A) maintained amiable relations with the
Kennedies A) as far as they were in keeping with the
national ideal of a “Great Society”
B) was determined to put his own policies into
effect, and leave his own mark B) although in essence they clashed with his
www.modadil.com
own
C) took great care not to antagonize Congress
C) since he hadn’t formulated any of his own
D) was careful not to deviate from Kennedy’s
policies in international relations D) because he sensed this would make him
politically popular
E) chose to concentrate on foreign policy and
ignore domestic issues E) but he soon found that they were inapplicable
Test
44. We learn from the passage that, in the usual 4
space shuttle, the weight ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) makes high speeds impossible
The space shuttle and its rockets are huge – some
4, 5 million pounds at lift‑off. About 85 per cent of B) consists very largely of fuel
that weight is fuel. Since it is designed to work in C) does not pose any serious problem
a vacuum, the shuttle must carry not only fuel but
the oxygen to burn it. Because this is an inefficient D) of the liquid oxygen is enormous
way to go, NASA engineers have recently tested E) of the rockets is insignificant
an engine that gets some of its oxygen on the
run. This should reduce take off weights by half. A
spacecraft equipped with this engine would take
off like a rocket. But within minutes, incoming air
would begin to supplement liquid oxygen. Once
the spacecraft reaches a speed of 1,500 miles per
Reading Passages
hour – twice the speed of sound‑ the liquid oxygen
would shut off completely and the engine would
burn fuel mixed with air. Consequently the craft
would accelerate to about ten times the speed of
sound. When the air got too thin for the engine to
breathe, the ship would shift back to rocket mode
to punch its way into space.
459
MODADİL
43. According to the passage, a new rocket engine 45. As the passage points out, a space shuttle
is presently being developed to ‑‑‑‑. requires oxygen ‑‑‑‑.
A) reach previously unimagined speeds A) only when it is traveling within the atmosphere
B) make space travel more comfortable and B) if it is to attain very high speeds
feasible
C) but only in its liquid form
www.modadil.com
C) halve the weight of a space shuttle at it‑off

D) in order to burn the fuel
D) enable NASA to remain in the forefront of
E) in quite small quantities except at lift‑off
space exploration.
E) reduce the physical effects of the atmosphere
on the shuttle
Test
4 47. We learn from the passage that, though the

Columbian government is trying to destroy
cevaplayınız.
opium and coca fields by using herbicide, it
‑‑‑‑.
It seems that a programme designed to destroy
Columbia’s huge illegal drugs business could be A) is nevertheless seriously concerned about the
poisoning farmers and damaging the environment. health of its people
Backed by 1. 3 billion of US government funds,
drug enforcers routinely identify fields of coca B) actually realizes that a certain amount of
plants and opium poppies, and spray them illegal drug‑trafficking cannot be prevented
from the air with herbicide. Around 120,000 C) may, in fact, be endangering human health
hectares have been sprayed with the herbicide and the environment at the same time
“glyphosphate”. But although glyphosphate is
considered to be relatively safe for humans and D) has remained indifferent to the health hazards
the environment, the Colombian government of its people
has received over a thousand complaints from E) refuses to recognize the widespread ill effects
Reading Passages
people who claim to have suffered ill effects after of this practice
coming into contact with the chemical. Reported
symptoms range from skin and eye irritations
to coughing and vomiting. Some critics suspect
additives to the spray are responsible. Others on
the ground complained that the spray had killed
food crops when it drifted onto them from nearby
fields.
460
MODADİL
46. According to the passage, the herbicide 48. According to the passage, there is a difference
“glyphosphate” ‑‑‑‑. of opinion as to ‑‑‑.
A) seems not to be as harmless as it was A) how genuine the complaints being made by
thought to be farmers actually are
B) has turned out to be an agent of fatal B) the methodology to be used in the effective
disorders spraying of glyphosphate
C) works most effectively when sprayed from the C) whether glyphosphate actually can cause
air stomach upsets
D) is rarely effective except on coca plants and D) whether it is the glyphosphate itself, or the
www.modadil.com
opium poppies additives used with it that have been causing

health problems
E) has been developed, at great expense, with
the support of the US government E) the extent to which eye and skin irritations
maybe due to glyphosphate
Test
50. It is pointed out in the passage that those 4
physicists who have tried to combine the
cevaplayınız.
theories of matter and relativity ‑‑‑‑.
To understand topics such as the origin of the A) have finally admitted that it cannot be done
universe, the ultimate fate of black holes and the
possibility of time travel, we need to understand B) have come up with several proposals
how the universe works. We now have a good C) have pioneered a new understanding of
idea about what the basic building blocks of matter physics
might be. Physics in the 20th century was built
on the twin revolutions of quantum mechanics D) have faced insurmountable challenges
(a theory of matter) and Einstein’s theory of E) suspect that there may be other concepts of
space, time and gravitation known as relativity. reality yet unformulated
But it’s extremely unsatisfying to find two ultimate
descriptions of reality when you’re looking for
just one. Trying to unify the two theories presents
Reading Passages
formidable technical and conceptual obstacles
that have challenged some of the finest theoretical
physicists for decades.
461
MODADİL
49. According to the passage, the quantum theory 51. It is emphasized in the passage that ‑‑‑‑.
of matter and Einstein’s theory of relativity ‑‑‑‑.
A) the progress of studies in physics has been
A) present two separate views of reality hampered by the desire to unify the quantum
and relativity theories
B) together present a coherent description of
reality B) the origin of the universe has been
satisfactorily explained by the quantum theory
www.modadil.com
C) enable us to have a comprehensive

perception of reality C) the best physicists of our time have
all devoted themselves to gaining an
D) made physics a popular subject in the 20 understanding of the universe
century
D) the nature of matter has been fully explored
E) have contributed equally to the possibility of with the help of the quantum and relativity
time travel theories
E) there is a lot we don’t know about the way the
universe works
Test
4 53. As it is pointed out in the passage, the idea

that there might be an anti‑gravity force in the
cevaplayınız.
universe ‑‑‑‑.
In terms of pure science, the discovery that the A) is by no means a recent one
universe is in the grip of a strange “anti‑gravity”
force that is making it expand ever faster, is B) was pioneered by Einstein
the most significant of the last decade. The C) has hardly ever received any serious scientific
possibility that such a force might exist has been interest
known for years, with theorists finding that it kept
reappearing out of Einstein’s theory of gravity. D) has little connection with any serious scientific
For years they tried to avoid it coming up with all theory
sorts of arguments for why the force couldn’t really E) is now completely outdated
exist. Now they’re being forced to face it, and to
face the embarrassing fact that they can’t explain
the single most important force in the universe.
Reading Passages
462
MODADİL
52. According to the passage, the expansion of 54. According to the passage, scientists involved
the universe ‑‑‑‑ in the study of the universe ‑‑‑‑.
A) is now slowly losing speed A) were eager to establish the existence of an
anti‑gravity force
B) has been explained with reference to the
anti‑gravity force B) have, for many decades, focused on the
effects of the anti‑gravity force
www.modadil.com
C) seems to contradict the existence of an

anti‑gravity force C) are the only ones to be interested in an
D) cannot continue indefinitely
D) have now come to question the validity of
E) will result, in the end, in the elimination of the Einstein’s theory of gravity
E) attempted, for a considerable time, to
demonstrate that there was no anti‑ gravity
force
Test
56. It is clear from the passage that the new 4
coal‑fired power stations ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) seem to have no beneficial effect as regards
Can coal ever become a friend of the the reduction of greenhouse gases
environment? Coal‑fired power stations supply
half the electricity used in America, and a similar B) were first introduced in the mid‑1980s
amount in many other industrial countries, but C) are proving exceedingly costly to build
are responsible for 80% of the power industry’s
emissions of carbon dioxide ‑the most worrisome D) must be built and operated in accordance with
of the so‑called “greenhouse gases”. Because the Clean Air Act
of special exemptions, much of the country’s E) have not received any popular support
coal‑derived electricity comes from plants that outside the VS
are more than 30 years old. Many of these plants
are approaching the end of their commercial
lives, and the thought of having to replace a lot of
Reading Passages
dirty old power stations, with new ones that will
have to comply with the Clean Air Act, is causing
a nightmare in the power industry. Suddenly,
energy engineers are talking about “clean coal”
technology. That message has been heard
before. There was similar excitement over clean
coal in the mid‑1980s and early 1990s. Large
sums of taxpayers’ money were handed out to
firms developing clean coal. The difference this
time, say energy engineers, is that a number of 463
electricity suppliers have actually started building
facilities that use clean coal.
MODADİL
55. We understand from the passage that, since 57. We learn from the passage that power stations
many of the coal‑fired power stations in the US using coal ‑‑‑‑.
have almost completed their economic lives,
they ‑‑‑‑. A) provide over three‑quarters of the electricity
needed in America
A) have all been transformed into clean coal
facilities B) have been shut down due to the Clean Air Act
www.modadil.com
B) are being renovated to extend their C) account for an extremely high percentage of
usefulness carbon dioxide emissions
C) can no longer produce as much electricity as D) have a commercial life‑span of under 30

formerly years
D) have now become an economic nightmare for E) are rapidly being replaced by other systems of
the government energy production
E) need to be pulled down and new ones built in

their place
Test
4 59. As it is explained in the passage, with the new

construction technique, ‑‑‑‑.
cevaplayınız.
A) the use of high‑strength steel cables has
When it is completed late next year, a 39‑storey finally become standardized
apartment building under construction in San
Francisco will be the tallest precast concrete B) the walls and the beams of a building are
structure ever built in an area of high seismic never damaged in an earthquake
activity. Its builders are using an innovative new C) San Francisco has gained recognition as the
structural connection that could revolutionize leading city in earthquake‑safe buildings
the way buildings are built in seismic zones.
Conventional cast‑in‑place and precast systems D) the cost of high rise buildings has been
survive earthquakes by dissipating the energy reduced remarkably
through the structure, often doing irreparable E) a building is better able to cope with the force
damage to themselves in the process. The of an earthquake
new connection, developed with help from the
Reading Passages
University of Washington, consists of high‑strength

steel reinforcing cables and “mild” steel bars that
stretch slightly during an earthquake, then pull the
building back into place. The steel components
also considerably reduce seismic energy before it
can attack the structure. This means less damage
to beams, walls and ceilings.
464
MODADİL
58. As we understand from the passage, a new 60. According to the passage, the usual precast
building technique presently being used in concrete building ‑‑‑‑.
San Francisco ‑‑‑‑.
A) is specially designed to withstand seismic
A) is recommended only for structures in activity
earthquake regions
B) can disperse seismic energy through its parts
B) has already been adopted by many but is itself damaged as it does so
www.modadil.com
construction firms elsewhere in America

C) has now given way to a new type using “mild”
C) is expected to bring about radical changes in steel bars
construction methods in earthquake areas
D) can be reinforced through the addition of
D) is effective because it holds the whole high‑strength steel cables
structure rigidly in place
E) is capable of stretching somewhat in the
E) is the first effort to make a building withstand event of an earthquake
intense seismic activity
ANSWER KEY
VOCABULARY TEST-1 GRAMMAR TEST-2
1. C 11. A 21. B 31. C 41. E 1. D 11. D 21. E 31. A 41. E
2. E 12. C 22. A 32. B 42. B 2. A 12. A 22. D 32. E 42. A
3. E 13. B 23. C 33. A 43. C 3. C 13. B 23. C 33. C 43. B
4. B 14. D 24. E 34. C 44. E 4. B 14. C 24. A 34. D 44. E
5. A 15. E 25. B 35. D 45. D 5. E 15. D 25. C 35. B 45. D
6. D 16. B 26. D 36. C 46. E 6. D 16. D 26. B 36. E 46. A
7. A 17. E 27. C 37. B 47. C 7. B 17. C 27. E 37. A 47. C
8. C 18. B 28. D 38. A 48. B 8. A 18. A 28. D 38. C 48. B
9. B 19. A 29. C 39. B 49. B 9. C 19. B 29. C 39. D 49. C
10. A 20. D 30. E 40. A 50. D 10. E 20. C 30. D 40. C 50. D

1. A 11. B 21. D 31. C 41. E 1. C 11. C 21. C 31. D 41. B
2. C 12. A 22. E 32. A 42. D 2. A 12. B 22. E 32. A 42. A
3. E 13. C 23. B 33. D 43. C 3. E 13. E 23. A 33. D 43. D
4. D 14. A 24. A 34. E 44. E 4. B 14. B 24. C 34. B 44. E
5. B 15. E 25. D 35. C 45. D 5. D 15. A 25. E 35. A 45. C
6. E 16. E 26. E 36. A 46. C 6. A 16. D 26. C 36. E 46. E
7. A 17. C 27. E 37. B 47. B 7. C 17. C 27. B 37. C 47. D 465
8. C 18. B 28. B 38. A 48. A 8. D 18. E 28. D 38. D 48. E
9. B 19. E 29. A 39. D 49. D 9. C 19. E 29. A 39. C 49. B
10. D 20. C 30. B 40. C 50. B 10. A 20. D 30. C 40. E 50. A

1. A 11. B 21. D 31. E 41. D 1. B 11. C 21. E 31. E 41. E
2. D 12. A 22. B 32. D 42. A 2. D 12. D 22. A 32. C 42. A
MODADİL
3. C 13. D 23. C 33. A 43. B 3. A 13. B 23. B 33. E 43. C

4. E 14. C 24. C 34. B 44. E 4. C 14. E 24. A 34. C 44. B
5. B 15. A 25. A 35. C 45. C 5. D 15. A 25. C 35. E 45. D
6. D 16. C 26. B 36. D 46. D 6. B 16. D 26. B 36. B 46. A
7. A 17. E 27. B 37. A 47. C 7. E 17. C 27. A 37. A 47. B
8. D 18. B 28. C 38. E 48. B 8. D 18. E 28. E 38. D 48. E
9. B 19. A 29. E 39. C 49. A 9. B 19. D 29. D 39. C 49. E
10. D 20. C 30. A 40. B 50. D 10. A 20. C 30. B 40. B 50. D

1. B 11. B 21. A 31. B 41. C 1. D 11. E 21. C 31. B 41. B
2. C 12. A 22. B 32. A 42. D 2. A 12. D 22. A 32. A 42. C
3. A 13. D 23. E 33. C 43. A 3. B 13. B 23. D 33. E 43. A
4. D 14. E 24. A 34. E 44. B 4. E 14. E 24. C 34. C 44. D
5. A 15. A 25. B 35. C 45. A 5. A 15. A 25. E 35. D 45. C
6. E 16. C 26. C 36. B 46. D 6. C 16. C 26. B 36. C 46. A
7. D 17. B 27. D 37. D 47. C 7. B 17. E 27. A 37. A 47. C
www.modadil.com
8. A 18. C 28. A 38. D 48. B 8. E 18. D 28. C 38. B 48. D

9. C 19. D 29. B 39. A 49. E 9. D 19. B 29. D 39. E 49. A
10. C 20. C 30. E 40. B 50. D 10. A 20. E 30. E 40. E 50. C
GRAMMAR TEST-1 GRAMMAR TEST-6

1. E 11. A 21. B 31. A 41. C 1. E 11. A 21. C 31. D 41. C
2. B 12. B 22. E 32. C 42. E 2. D 12. D 22. A 32. A 42. B
3. D 13. C 23. C 33. E 43. B 3. A 13. B 23. B 33. E 43. C
4. C 14. A 24. B 34. B 44. A 4. B 14. C 24. C 34. D 44. D
5. D 15. E 25. C 35. C 45. E 5. C 15. E 25. A 35. B 45. D
6. C 16. D 26. E 36. A 46. A 6. E 16. D 26. E 36. C 46. E
7. A 17. A 27. B 37. E 47. C 7. D 17. C 27. D 37. A 47. C
8. B 18. D 28. E 38. C 48. D 8. E 18. A 28. B 38. C 48. E
9. C 19. E 29. C 39. A 49. E 9. B 19. B 29. C 39. E 49. C
10. D 20. C 30. D 40. E 50. D 10. C 20. E 30. E 40. A 50. B
CLOZE TEST-1 CLOZE TEST-24

1. C 2. C 3. E 4. C 5. D 1. D 2. C 3. E 4. B 5. C

1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B

1. B 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. C 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. E

1. A 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. E 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. E 5. A

1. C 2. E 3. D 4. E 5. A 1. D 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. B

1. C 2. D 3. A 4. E 5. A 1. C 2. E 3. B 4. E 5. D
Answer Key

1. E 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. E

1. B 2. E 3. D 4. C 5. A 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. E 5. B
466 1. B 2. E
CLOZE TEST-9
3. C 4. B 5. A
CLOZE TEST-32
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. E 5. A 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. E

1. C 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. E 1. B 2. E 3. E 4. B 5. A
MODADİL

1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 1. B 2. C 3. E 4. C 5. B

1. B 2. C 3. E 4. C 5. A 1. D 2. E 3. C 4. D 5. E

1. E 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. E 1. E 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D

1. C 2. E 3. D 4. C 5. B 1. D 2. B 3. E 4. C 5. C

1. B 2. E 3. C 4. A 5. D 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. E

1. E 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. E
www.modadil.com

1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. D 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. E 5. A

1. C 2. B 3. D 4. E 5. B 1. E 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B

1. B 2. A 3. D 4. E 5. A 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. E 5. C 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. E 5. D

1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 1. B 2. E 3. E 4. B 5. D

1. C 2. A 3. D 4. E 5. B 1. C 2. C 3. E 4. D 5. C

1. D 2. E 3. C 4. B 5. E 1. E 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. E

1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C

1. D 2. E 3. A 4. C 5. E 1. E 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D

1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 1. E 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D

1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B

1. C 2. E 3. B 4. D 5. D 1. B 2. D 3. E 4. B 5. C
Answer Key
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. A 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. C

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C
1. B 2. E
CLOZE TEST-55
3. D 4. C 5. B 1. B 2. E
CLOZE TEST-78
3. E 4. C 5. A
467
1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. E

1. E 2. E 3. B 4. B 5. D 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. C
MODADİL

1. B 2. E 3. A 4. E 5. B 1. B 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. A

1. B 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. C 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. E

1. B 2. D 3. C 4. E 5. B 1. B 2. E 3. A 4. C 5. E

1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 1. D 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D

1. B 2. B 3. D 4. E 5. C 1. C 2. E 3. A 4. B 5. D

1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D
www.modadil.com

1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 1. C 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. B

1. E 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 1. B 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. D

1. D 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. B 1. B 2. E 3. C 4. D 5. D

1. C 2. E 3. A 4. B 5. B 1. E 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. E 5. D 1. C 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. A

1. B 2. E 3. D 4. D 5. C 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A
CLOZE TEST-93 SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-5

1. C 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. B 1. A 11. B 21. B 31. C 41. D
2. D 12. E 22. B 32. D 42. C
CLOZE TEST-94 3. A 13. A 23. E 33. E 43. B
1. D 2. A 3. E 4. C 5. A 4. C 14. E 24. B 34. D 44. C
5. B 15. A 25. C 35. A 45. A
CLOZE TEST-95 6. E 16. D 26. D 36. C 46. C
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 7. C 17. C 27. A 37. A 47. D
8. D 18. B 28. E 38. B 48. B
CLOZE TEST-96
9. D 19. D 29. D 39. C 49. D
1. D 2. E 3. E 4. A 5. B
10. C 20. C 30. E 40. D 50. E
CLOZE TEST-97
ENGLISH-TURKISH TRANSLATION TEST-1
1. C 2. D 3. E 4. B 5. D
1. D 7. E 13. C 19. A 25. C
CLOZE TEST-98 2. D 8. C 14. E 20. B 26. A
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. E 3. E 9. A 15. D 21. C 27. D
4. A 10. E 16. A 22. A 28. B
Answer Key
CLOZE TEST-99 5. A 11. A 17. B 23. E 29. B

1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 12. C 18. C 24. B 30. A
CLOZE TEST-100 ENGLISH-TURKISH TRANSLATION TEST-2

1. D 2. B 3. C 4. E 5. C 1. D 11. B 21. D 31. A 41. E
2. C 12. A 22. A 32. E 42. B
468 SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-1
3.
4.
E
B
13.
14.
E
C
23.
24.
D
C
33.
34.
B
D
43.
44.
A
D
1. C 6. C 11. D 16. E 21. B 5. D 15. A 25. A 35. C 45. E
2. D 7. D 12. A 17. D 22. D 6. C 16. B 26. B 36. D 46. D
3. A 8. C 13. C 18. E 23. B 7. A 17. D 27. C 37. A 47. C
4. B 9. E 14. B 19. A 24. A 8. E 18. C 28. E 38. B 48. B
5. A 10. B 15. D 20. C 25. E 9. D 19. A 29. D 39. E 49. E
10. C 20. D 30. C 40. A 50. D
MODADİL
SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-2

ENGLISH-TURKISH TRANSLATION TEST-3
1. B 6. A 11. C 16. E 21. B
1. C 11. E 21. E 31. E 41. C
2. C 7. E 12. A 17. E 22. D
2. E 12. D 22. D 32. A 42. B
3. B 8. A 13. B 18. A 23. B
3. C 13. C 23. B 33. B 43. E
4. C 9. C 14. C 19. C 24. C
4. B 14. A 24. E 34. B 44. C
5. A 10. A 15. D 20. E 25. A
5. A 15. B 25. A 35. C 45. E
6. D 16. E 26. E 36. D 46. C
SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-3 7. E 17. D 27. D 37. A 47. A
1. A 11. E 21. C 31. E 41. B 8. D 18. C 28. A 38. E 48. B
2. D 12. C 22. C 32. C 42. A 9. A 19. B 29. C 39. E 49. D
3. C 13. A 23. E 33. B 43. B 10. C 20. A 30. A 40. D 50. A
4. C 14. E 24. B 34. C 44. E
5. E 15. D 25. E 35. E 45. D ENGLISH-TURKISH TRANSLATION TEST-4
6. B 16. A 26. A 36. B 46. B 1. C 11. D 21. E 31. C 41. C
7. A 17. E 27. B 37. C 47. D 2. D 12. B 22. A 32. E 42. A
8. C 18. A 28. D 38. D 48. A 3. A 13. C 23. B 33. B 43. B
www.modadil.com
9. B 19. B 29. E 39. A 49. D 4. C 14. E 24. E 34. A 44. E

10. B 20. D 30. C 40. B 50. D 5. E 15. B 25. B 35. D 45. D
6. A 16. E 26. C 36. D 46. A
7. D 17. C 27. A 37. E 47. D
SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-4 8. C 18. A 28. D 38. C 48. E
1. C 11. B 21. C 31. C 41. E 9. B 19. D 29. A 39. B 49. C
2. B 12. B 22. A 32. D 42. B 10. A 20. B 30. B 40. A 50. B
3. E 13. A 23. D 33. D 43. E
4. D 14. E 24. B 34. B 44. C TURKISH-ENGLISH TRANSLATION TEST-1
5. A 15. C 25. D 35. E 45. A 1. C 7. A 13. C 19. C 25. E
6. C 16. B 26. E 36. C 46. B 2. B 8. B 14. D 20. A 26. B
7. C 17. E 27. A 37. D 47. A 3. A 9. D 15. E 21. E 27. D
8. B 18. C 28. E 38. B 48. D 4. C 10. E 16. B 22. A 28. A
9. A 19. C 29. B 39. A 49. B 5. B 11. C 17. A 23. C 29. E
10. D 20. D 30. C 40. E 50. C 6. C 12. E 18. E 24. B 30. B
TURKISH-ENGLISH TRANSLATION TEST-2 IRRELEVANT SENTENCE TEST-1

1. A 11. E 21. E 31. D 41. A 1. B 7. C 13. D 19. D 25. B
2. B 12. C 22. A 32. B 42. C 2. D 8. C 14. C 20. B 26. B
3. E 13. B 23. B 33. A 43. D 3. C 9. B 15. E 21. D 27. D
4. B 14. D 24. E 34. C 44. B 4. E 10. E 16. D 22. C 28. C
5. C 15. E 25. D 35. E 45. A 5. D 11. B 17. E 23. B 29. E
6. E 16. B 26. B 36. D 46. D 6. D 12. B 18. C 24. C 30. C
7. D 17. C 27. C 37. A 47. C
8. B 18. E 28. A 38. B 48. E
IRRELEVANT SENTENCE TEST-2
9. A 19. A 29. E 39. D 49. C
1. B 11. B 21. D 31. D 41. D
10. D 20. C 30. C 40. A 50. E
2. B 12. C 22. C 32. B 42. B
TURKISH-ENGLISH TRANSLATION TEST-3 3. C 13. D 23. A 33. C 43. E
1. B 11. E 21. C 31. C 41. A 4. D 14. E 24. C 34. D 44. D
2. E 12. D 22. E 32. B 42. C 5. B 15. E 25. D 35. B 45. C
3. D 13. A 23. A 33. A 43. B 6. E 16. C 26. C 36. D 46. D
4. E 14. D 24. D 34. C 44. A 7. C 17. B 27. E 37. D 47. B
Answer Key
5. A 15. C 25. A 35. D 45. D 8. E 18. C 28. C 38. C 48. A
6. B 16. B 26. D 36. A 46. A 9. A 19. B 29. A 39. B 49. C
7. A 17. A 27. C 37. C 47. D 10. D 20. E 30. B 40. B 50. B
8. D 18. E 28. D 38. B 48. B
9. A 19. B 29. A 39. B 49. D
10. C 20. D 30. B 40. E 50. E IRRELEVANT SENTENCE TEST-3
1. D 11. D 21. B 31. C 41. B
TURKISH-ENGLISH TRANSLATION TEST-4 2. C 12. D 22. A 32. B 42. D 469
1. D 11. A 21. E 31. E 41. D 3. B 13. C 23. D 33. D 43. D
2. B 12. D 22. D 32. C 42. A 4. B 14. C 24. C 34. C 44. C
3. E 13. C 23. C 33. A 43. B 5. A 15. A 25. C 35. D 45. B
4. D 14. B 24. D 34. C 44. C 6. E 16. B 26. A 36. E 46. E
5. C 15. C 25. A 35. B 45. B 7. C 17. D 27. C 37. A 47. C
6. A 16. E 26. B 36. B 46. A 8. D 18. A 28. D 38. D 48. B
7. B 17. A 27. C 37. D 47. B 9. B 19. B 29. D 39. C 49. D
MODADİL
8. E 18. C 28. E 38. A 48. D 10. B 20. E 30. B 40. B 50. B

9. D 19. A 29. C 39. C 49. D
10. A 20. C 30. B 40. E 50. A
RESTATEMENTS TEST-1
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION TEST-1 1. E 5. D 9. C 13. B 17. A
1. B 7. B 13. A 19. A 25. E 2. C 6. A 10. B 14. C 18. E
2. C 8. E 14. C 20. C 26. C 3. A 7. E 11. C 15. B 19. D
3. A 9. C 15. B 21. E 27. B 4. B 8. B 12. A 16. D 20. C
4. B 10. B 16. B 22. B 28. E
5. D 11. D 17. E 23. A 29. E
6. D 12. E 18. B 24. D 30. B RESTATEMENTS TEST-2
1. E 11. E 21. E 31. E 41. C
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION TEST-2 2. B 12. B 22. C 32. C 42. C
1. B 11. B 21. C 31. E 41. D 3. D 13. C 23. B 33. A 43. B
2. E 12. C 22. A 32. B 42. A 4. A 14. D 24. C 34. C 44. C
3. C 13. D 23. C 33. D 43. A 5. C 15. B 25. C 35. B 45. D
4. A 14. B 24. D 34. C 44. E 6. E 16. E 26. B 36. E 46. A
www.modadil.com
5. E 15. C 25. A 35. A 45. A 7. A 17. C 27. D 37. A 47. C

6. A 16. A 26. B 36. E 46. B 8. E 18. E 28. A 38. D 48. D
7. D 17. B 27. D 37. A 47. E 9. D 19. A 29. B 39. B 49. A
8. B 18. C 28. E 38. C 48. D 10. C 20. B 30. D 40. A 50. C
9. A 19. B 29. B 39. C 49. D
10. E 20. E 30. A 40. E 50. C
RESTATEMENTS TEST-3
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION TEST-3 1. C 11. D 21. A 31. D 41. D
1. D 11. C 21. D 31. D 41. E 2. E 12. B 22. D 32. E 42. C
2. E 12. D 22. A 32. B 42. B 3. B 13. E 23. E 33. A 43. A
3. C 13. C 23. C 33. A 43. D 4. A 14. C 24. D 34. B 44. C
4. B 14. E 24. B 34. C 44. E 5. C 15. D 25. B 35. C 45. E
5. A 15. B 25. D 35. E 45. A 6. D 16. B 26. E 36. A 46. D
6. B 16. C 26. A 36. A 46. B 7. C 17. E 27. D 37. E 47. D
7. E 17. E 27. E 37. A 47. E 8. E 18. B 28. C 38. B 48. E
8. A 18. A 28. B 38. B 48. A 9. C 19. E 29. C 39. C 49. A
9. E 19. D 29. E 39. D 49. D 10. A 20. A 30. D 40. A 50. D
10. B 20. E 30. D 40. C 50. B
DIALOGUES TEST-1 READING TEST-1

1. C 7. D 13. A 19. B 25. A 1. D 13. C 25. B 37. C 49. B
2. B 8. E 14. A 20. C 26. A 2. E 14. D 26. D 38. E 50. D
3. A 9. C 15. C 21. E 27. C 3. C 15. C 27. A 39. B 51. A
4. A 10. B 16. E 22. A 28. D 4. E 16. A 28. C 40. D 52. E
5. E 11. A 17. A 23. D 29. E 5. D 17. D 29. B 41. A 53. D
6. A 12. E 18. D 24. E 30. A 6. A 18. E 30. D 42. D 54. E
7. B 19. A 31. E 43. C 55. A
8. E 20. E 32. A 44. E 56. D
DIALOGUES TEST-2
9. D 21. C 33. D 45. A 57. B
1. A 11. E 21. D 31. E 41. D
10. A 22. A 34. C 46. B 58. E
2. E 12. B 22. B 32. C 42. C
11. D 23. D 35. B 47. D 59. A
3. B 13. D 23. E 33. A 43. B
12. E 24. C 36. A 48. E 60. D
4. A 14. C 24. D 34. B 44. D
5. C 15. A 25. C 35. E 45. B
6. D 16. E 26. A 36. B 46. C READING TEST-2
7. C 17. D 27. D 37. A 47. E 1. A 13. E 25. B 37. D 49. E
Answer Key
8. B 18. A 28. B 38. C 48. A 2. B 14. A 26. D 38. C 50. E

9. D 19. C 29. B 39. B 49. C 3. E 15. D 27. E 39. A 51. C
10. A 20. A 30. E 40. E 50. E 4. A 16. C 28. B 40. C 52. D
5. C 17. D 29. C 41. E 53. E
6. B 18. A 30. A 42. A 54. B
DIALOGUES TEST-3
7. E 19. A 31. A 43. B 55. C
1. E 11. A 21. D 31. E 41. B
470 2. B 12. D 22. C 32. A 42. A
8.
9.
B
D
20.
21.
C
E
32.
33.
E
D
44.
45.
D
E
56.
57.
B
E
3. C 13. E 23. A 33. D 43. A
10. C 22. D 34. B 46. A 58. D
4. D 14. C 24. D 34. E 44. E
11. E 23. A 35. D 47. E 59. C
5. A 15. A 25. B 35. C 45. C
12. A 24. C 36. E 48. B 60. A
6. D 16. D 26. A 36. B 46. B
7. C 17. E 27. C 37. E 47. D
8. E 18. A 28. D 38. D 48. B READING TEST-3
9. D 19. B 29. E 39. A 49. B 1. D 13. B 25. A 37. A 49. E
MODADİL
10. B 20. A 30. A 40. C 50. D 2. B 14. E 26. D 38. C 50. B

3. E 15. D 27. B 39. B 51. A
4. A 16. A 28. A 40. A 52. B
SITUATIONAL EXPRESSION TEST-1
5. B 17. E 29. D 41. B 53. A
1. E 6. B 11. B 16. B 21. C
6. C 18. C 30. E 42. D 54. C
2. A 7. A 12. E 17. E 22. D
7. D 19. A 31. C 43. E 55. D
3. E 8. C 13. D 18. B 23. A
8. E 20. C 32. D 44. D 56. E
4. B 9. D 14. A 19. A 24. E
9. B 21. D 33. C 45. E 57. D
5. A 10. C 15. E 20. D 25. A
10. A 22. C 34. A 46. C 58. E
11. E 23. B 35. B 47. B 59. A
SITUATIONAL EXPRESSION TEST-2 12. D 24. E 36. E 48. D 60. B
1. B 11. D 21. B 31. E 41. A
2. A 12. A 22. D 32. E 42. D
READING TEST-4
3. D 13. A 23. E 33. C 43. B
1. B 13. E 25. C 37. B 49. A
4. C 14. B 24. B 34. B 44. E
2. D 14. D 26. C 38. C 50. D
5. B 15. E 25. B 35. A 45. D
3. A 15. B 27. A 39. B 51. E
www.modadil.com
6. C 16. D 26. A 36. D 46. A

4. B 16. A 28. A 40. D 52. B
7. E 17. B 27. D 37. A 47. D
5. E 17. C 29. B 41. E 53. B
8. A 18. C 28. C 38. C 48. C
6. D 18. A 30. B 42. D 54. E
9. C 19. E 29. A 39. D 49. C
7. E 19. E 31. D 43. C 55. E
10. B 20. A 30. E 40. E 50. D
8. A 20. C 32. E 44. B 56. D
9. C 21. D 33. C 45. D 57. C
SITUATIONAL EXPRESSION TEST-3 10. C 22. B 34. D 46. A 58. C
1. A 11. B 21. D 31. C 41. C 11. B 23. A 35. E 47. C 59. E
2. C 12. A 22. A 32. A 42. E 12. D 24. C 36. A 48. D 60. B
3. B 13. E 23. B 33. B 43. D
4. D 14. A 24. E 34. C 44. E
5. E 15. B 25. A 35. B 45. A
6. A 16. E 26. E 36. A 46. B
7. D 17. C 27. C 37. E 47. C
8. E 18. B 28. A 38. C 48. B
9. C 19. B 29. E 39. D 49. A
10. C 20. E 30. B 40. A 50. D

Advanced

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Advanced

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Y

Dizgi & Mizanpaj

Baskı & Cilt

Kitabımızın tüm adaylara yardımcı olması dileğiyle...

Suat GÜRCAN & Rıdvan GÜRBÜZ www.modadil.com

1. All teenagers have ‑‑‑‑; the problem is to teach A) widespread

6. After decades of speculation astronomers

7. The meridians are ‑‑‑‑ counted from the

8. Finland, which is three times the size of Ohio,

10. It’s a delightful novel, and the reader soon gets

11. William Wordsworth was a poet of nature,

12. No one knows for certain when the first

B) vital B) taken up with

D) contemporary D) made out

E) urgent E) carried out

19. The company is not only looking for

32. Even so, most of her friends thought her

36. People who work in ‑‑‑‑ jobs, like miners in

47. Altough Victoria’s ‑‑‑‑ at the death of her

49. The three brothers were very ‑‑‑‑, each always

7. Turkey will face an electricity shortage in 2010

8. Some groups of migrating animals cover ‑‑‑‑

14. One defect seems inherent in a purely

B) complied with D) exclusive

C) agreed with E) inclusive

15. Industry as a whole was badly affected by the

20. The two major political parties in Britain are

32. I was greatly impressed by the way the judge

38. The United States has long prided itself on

39. The contemporary world economy differs ‑‑‑‑

40. In recent years ‑‑‑‑ complex and persistent

42. The assassination by terrorists of Signor

43. If we are serious about suppressing terrorism,

A) require of strategic materials.

44. When an unknown but gifted artist is finally

C) sales C) was held out

6. Nowadays, people all around the world are

7. Heidar Aliev’s son, Ilham Aliev, who

4. The interim leadership in Iraq banned an

14. It is plain that the United Nations will not lift

15. When the chairman tried to explain his views

18. The Jewish immigrants, who ‑‑‑‑ the boat in

19. The Carnegie Endowment for International

20. Unlike Europe’s stone castles and cathedrals,

30. The current social security system is ‑‑‑‑

popular, partly because it is universal and

31. She is the oldest person in the village, 92

32. Our challenge is to ‑‑‑‑ our clients with the best

A) look through A) explanation

D) break down D) duration

E) make out E) conservation

39. A hundred years ago the chestnut ‑‑‑‑ a quarter

40. Evidence of racial bias in sentencing, helped

A) lonesome A) keep out

B) slow B) rule against

C) reckless C) put out

D) slippery D) point out

E) stagnant E) break through

47. In this paper I should like to report some of the

48. Recent studies have shown that smokers

44. The problem of how to ‑‑‑‑ the vast quantities

50. Industry has developed rapidly in certain

6. Ignoring opposition fears of an impending

10. Our understanding of the development of