Silabario y Logogramas Actualizados

BOUNDARIES,
FRONTIERS
AND DIVISIONS
IN THE MAYA AREA
AND BEYOND
MAYA EPIGRAPHY
ADVANCED WORKSHOP
Sign Lists
Migration and Ethnic
Complexity at Copan
Tutors:
Felix Kupprat (with support from Shintaro Suzuki)

Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico
Table of
Phonograms
’ b ch ch’ h
a
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e
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i ver k’i-
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u
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?
j k k’ l m
a
?
e
?
i
Tal vez ch’i
?
u
n p s t
a
?
o
?
?
?
u
t’ tz tz’ W X y
a
?
?
?
i
?
o
? ? ?
?
Basic Sign List
Numbers
JUN CHA' UX CHAN HO' WAK HUK WAXAK

HUX
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BALUN? LAJUN BULUCH LAJCHAN? UXLAJUN CHANLAJUN HO'LAJUN WAKLAJUN

BULUK LAJUNCHAN?
LAJCHA'?
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
HUKLAJUN WAXAKLAJUN BALUNLAJUN WINIK? MIH

K'AL? MINAN
K'AW?
17 18 19 20 0
Periods
nu/u-TZUTZ?-PIK? TZUTZ?-PIK? ?-PIK? PIK? WINIKHAB HAB WINIK K'IN

nu/u-TZUTZ?-PIH? TZUTZ?-PIH? ?-PIH? PIH? WINAL
"kinichiltun" "calabtun" "pictun" "baktun" 'veintena' 'día'
260-day calendar
IMIX? IK' AK'AB OL? KAN? CHAM? CHIJ LAMAT?

IMOX? CHAN? LAMBAT?
IMUX? EK'?
u? OK? CHUWEN EB? BEN HIX? TZ'IKIN? CHIB?

EH? BIN
CHAB? TOK'? CHAK AJAW
KAB? KAWAK
CHAWOK?
365-day calendar
K'AN-JAL-wa-bu? IK'-AT-ta CHAK-AT-ta SUTZ' ka-se wa CHIKIN?-ni YAX-K'IN-ni mo{lo}

K'AN-JAL-bu? wo-hi
IK'-SIHOM-ma YAX-SIHOM-ma SAK-SIHOM-ma CHAK-SIHOM ma-ka UN-ni-wa MUWAN-ni PAX?
K'AN-a-si-ya HUL?-OL-la WAY-HAB?

ko-lo-AJAW
Lunar series
HUL[.]?
BIX[.]?
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8
YIK'IN-NAL? (u)-TI' HUN ? x(-ji) HUL-(li)-ya x(-ji) HUL-(li)-ya (u-)x K'AL x ? ?
G9 F Y+Z D E+D C X1 X2
?-?-k'i ? ? ? u-(CH'OK/K'UH)
K'ABA'
X3 X4 X5 X6 A
B
Stone
TUN pi ? WITZ ? KA'? ? KAL

ku CHA'?
TUM? hi BAX TOK' BAJ CH'AK ba ba

UCH'?
Water
HA' ba ma t'u so? ma? ? MUYAL

si? TOKAL
YON?
TZ'IK'IN?
TOK PALAW? HA'AL

to
Earth
KAB TZ'AP ? JIN(AJ)? ? ? ?

CHAB
Sky
CHAN ? PUH
pu
Smoke & fire
K'AK' TAJ K'AWIL PUL ?

ta
Wood & trees
TE' JUKUB TE' chu
Flowers, plants & seeds
SAK? MIJIN? SAK? AJ JALAL AJ AN LAKAM

BOK? MIN? BOK?
NIK? NIK?
AJAW AJAW
UN TZUH TAK HOP YOP WI' JAN? NIK

TZU' yo wi JANAB?
tzu
mo mo? NAL WINIK(IL)? NAB
MO'?
Shiny surfaces
LEM? li ta ch'u? AL? CH'AB

bo?
Sund & heat
K'IN {IK'}K'IN? NAM? ? EL ? ? K'INICH
Moon
UH ja HUL WINIK? HUL

UW K'AL?
K'AW?
20
Knots, textiles & weaving
HUN JOY ? ITZAM yu we hi ?

che nu ja? KUK? ? JEL? XAN?
AJ? MUT? JAL?
a?
Darkness
AK'AB NAMAN? AJ ? t'i? HUL? IK' ?

MAN?
Bones, eyes & other death marks
WAY? CHAM cho k'e WAY BAK MUK CH'EN?

MUKNAL
Skulls
JOL BAK CHAPAT CHAM(-ya) AJAW CHAM ? chi ha

KIMIL
KUKAY? ya MAS? UH ? xi KAL u

Supernatural heads
AKAN ? ? ye HUN AJAN tzi chi

AHAN
? ? CHAK K'AWIL WITZ' YOPAT KAL K'INICH
Remero Raya Remero Jaguar
(IX-)CHEL ni ye TIWOL? ? TE' K'UH SIP
PA' CHUWAJ?
pa
Human heads
? IX na IXIM u KEL XIB AJAW

IX(IK) KELEM
? wa ? mi no? (Y)ATIK? K'AY NUN?

NUM?
UCH' WE' sa ho? MAM T'AB? TI' ?
UK' we?
WAY?
WAYWAL?
Mammal heads
BAH CHIK? CHIT CHITAM AK(UL)? TIL ch'o CH'OK

ba?
he ji TZ'UTZ'IH si CHIJ chi ? T'UL

KEJ
chi
pe? CH'AMAK EM OK TZ'I' UN BALAM HIX

le ba?
WAY? KOJ ? SUTZ' tz'i xu? TZUTZ CHUWEN?

CHOJ
MAX SIM? WAY

Bird heads
CHAN KOKAJ? MAT MUWAN O' TZ'IKIN AJAW ki

IKIN?
o
CH'EN? pi? ? ? AL USIJ ? li
tzi? AK'(ACH) KUTZ K'UK' MO' a be MAM
i KUY? MUT YAXUN TZ'UNUN ?

KUJ?
KUH?
Reptile & amphibian heads
CHAN ? PAT TELES? WAW ? e AK

KAN T'EL{HUH}?
TOLOK?
AHIN ? HUH SIH bu mu ? NUM?

hu
LOK' ? ? LEK?
Fish heads
CHAY XOK u tz'u

KAY u
ka
Shell
HUB? ? NOH(OL) t'o?

JUB?
so?
Anthropod heads
li KAMIS
Hands
K'AB YUK mi? TAL? CH'AM YAL TAJ? ?

PAS? K'AM TAY?
KOJOT?
YUK?
HUL K'AL TZUTZ MIH JATZ' JATZ' TZAK ?
chi PACH? ke ye CHOK k'o NAB yo

TAK?
JUN t'a? cha jo? k'a TZ'IB

JOM?
Legs & feet
AN AN? ? ? bi
YAN?
Other human body parts
? PAT? EM? ICH? UNEN CHUM AT me

PACH? ICHON?
chu? UT IL(A)
HUT
Animal body parts
K'EW? NE' ne ICH'AK ji k'i OX OX?

NEH ch'i
ne
K'A' K'A' K'UK'UM o o MAY XUKAB? AK

MUK? XUKUB?
MAK MAN OCH ? OCH WAK AT? KOKAN

wa-
? SINAN? a a ka
Architecture
EB T'AB OTOT ? EB PAN?

KUN?
Other man-made objects
HUN TZ'AM ? ch'e? ? KOHAW ? PIK

PAKAL CH'ICH'? ?
K'IK'?
Abstract signs (round)
TZ'AK AT TAL HUN WINIK OL WAJ he

WINAL wa-?
WIN?
tzi se cha PET ? ha ye ch'e?

KAJ?
? IK' ? ? ? ? CH'AJ IB
UT?
lo te CHIT u AK' WAL NEN TAN

WA'?
wa-?
bi BIX jo ? ? lu KUM? ?
bo tz'o? pa nu po na K'AN JUL

KAJ? i CH'ICH' CH'AB? AT ? YOTZ sa
K'IK'
tz'i
Abstract signs (stretched)
su K'ABA' ma yi ki ta xa ko
CHAK le li ti si tz'a SAK WAY?
ta ch'a k'u tu nu nu nu JALAM?
EK' tzi wo ya wa wa u u
cha ba ma la ji K'UH ju HUL?

HUL? YAX mi na NAH ni AJ? SIH?
BIX? a? PA'?
AH?
PA' ? xi? CH'OK WAK CH'AJAN?

k'i?
Composite signs
je AKAN? tza tz'e LAM tzo? tze? WA'

WAL
TI'? SIBIK? AJAW PIT xo no SA' SIP?

SABAK? sa BOL?
ABAK? hu?
wu?
? ? WIN? PAT PAS PAS ? ?
? ASUL? ? TZUK HUN? WI' TZ'AK TZ'AK

ASU'? tzu{ku} (ya)-AJAW?- HUN
3YOP-HUN?
TZ'AK TZ'AK TZ'AK TZ'AK TZ'AK

Extensive Sign List
Signo Valor Reconstrucción Español Inglés
Numbers
JUN 1 1
uno one
CHA' 2 2
dos two
UX 3 3
HUX tres three
CHAN 4 4
cuatro four
HO' 5 5
cinco five
WAK 6 6
seis six
HUK 7 7
siete seven
WAXAK 8 8
ocho eight
BALUN? 9 9
nueve nine
LAJUN 10 10
diez ten
10
BULUCH 11 11
BULUK once eleven
11
LAJCHAN? 12 12
LAJUNCHAN? doce twelve
LAJCHA'?
12
1
UXLAJUN 13 13
trece thirteen
13
CHANLAJUN 14 14
catorce fourteen
14
HO'LAJUN 15 15
quince fifteen
15
WAKLAJUN 16 16
dieciseis sixteen
16
HUKLAJUN 17 17
diecisiete seventeen
17
WAXAKLAJUN 18 18
dieciocho eighteen
18
BALUNLAJUN 19 19
diecinueve nineteen
19
WINIK? 20 20
K'AL? veinte twenty
K'AW?
20
MIH 0 0
MINAN cero zero
Periods
nu/u-TZUTZ?- "kinichiltun" "kinichiltun"
PIK? (20 (20
nu/u-TZUTZ?- "calabtun") "calabtun")
PIH? (1,152,000, (1,152,000,0
"kinichiltun" 000 días; 00 days;
3,154,071 3,154,071
TZUTZ?-PIK? "calabtun" "calabtun"

TZUTZ?-PIH? (20 (20 "pictun")
"calabtun" "pictun") (57,600,000
(57,600,00 days;
0 días; 157,703
157,703 years)
?-PIK? "pictun" "pictun"

?-PIH? (20 (20
"pictun" "baktun") "baktun")
(2,880,000 (2,880,000
días; 7,885 days; 7,885
años) years)
2
PIK? "baktun" "baktun"

PIH? (144,000 (144,000
"baktun" días) days)
WINIKHAB katun katun

(7,200 días) (7,200 days)
HAB tun tun

año year
(360 días) (360 days)
WINIK veintena score

WINAL mes month
'veintena' (20 días) (20 days)
K'IN día day
'día'
260-day calendar
IMIX? imix imix
IMOX?
IMUX?
IK' ik ik
(ik') (ik')
AK'AB akbal akbal

(ak'bal) (ak'bal)
OL? kan kan

(k'an) (k'an)
KAN? chicchan chicchan

CHAN? (chikchan) (chikchan)
CHAM? cimi cimi

(kimi) (kimi)
CHIJ manik manik

(manik') (manik')
3
LAMAT? lamat lamat

LAMBAT?
EK'?
u? muluc muluc
(muluk) (muluk)
OK? oc oc
(ok) (ok)
CHUWEN chuen chuen

(chuwen) (chuwen)
EB? eb eb
EH?
BEN ben ben

BIN
HIX? ix ix
TZ'IKIN? men men
CHIB? cib cib

(kib) (kib)
CHAB? caban caban

KAB? (kaban) (kaban)
TOK'? etz'nab etz'nab
CHAK cauac cauac

KAWAK (kawak) (kawak)
CHAWOK?
4
AJAW ahau ahau

(ajaw) (ajaw)
365-day calendar
K'AN-JAL-wa- pop pop
bu?
K'AN-JAL-bu?
IK'-AT-ta uo uo
wo-hi (wo) (wo)
CHAK-AT-ta zip zip

(sip) (sip)
SUTZ' zotz' zotz'

(sotz') (sotz')
ka-se wa zec zec

(sek) (sek)
CHIKIN?-ni xul xul
YAX-K'IN-ni yaxkin yaxkin

(yaxk'in) (yaxk'in)
mo{lo} mol mol
IK'-SIHOM-ma ch'en ch'en

(ch'en) (ch'en)
YAX-SIHOM-ma yax yax
SAK-SIHOM-ma zac zac

(sak) (sak)
5
CHAK-SIHOM ceh ceh

(kej) (kej)
ma-ka mac mac

(mak) (mak)
UN-ni-wa kankin kankin

(k'ank'in) (k'ank'in)
MUWAN-ni muan muan

(muwan) (muwan)
PAX? pax pax
K'AN-a-si-ya kayab kayab

(k'ayab) (k'ayab)
HUL?-OL-la cumku cumku

(kumk'u) (kumk'u)
WAY-HAB? uayeb uayeb

ko-lo-AJAW (wayeb) (wayeb)
Lunar series
G1 G1
G1
G2 G2
G2
G3 G3
G3
G4 G4
G4
6
G5 G5
G5
G6 G6
G6
G7 G7
G7
HUL[.]? G8 G8
BIX[.]?
G8
YIK'IN-NAL? G9 G9
G9
(u)-TI' HUN F F
"en el "in the
F poder" power"
? YyZ Y and Z
Y+Z
x(-ji) HUL-(li)- D D
ya (x [días han (x [days
pasado] have
D desde que passed]
llegó) since she
arrived
x(-ji) HUL-(li)- E+D E+D

ya (veinti-x (twenty-x
[días han [days have
E+D pasado] passed]
desde que since she
llegó) arrived
(u-)x K'AL x x-C x-C

(x de 1 a 6) (x from 1 to
C 'el x-to 6)
recinto
(de)'
? X1 X1
X1
? X2 X2
X2
7
?-?-k'i X3 X3
X3
? X4 X4
X4
? X5 X5
X5
? X6 X6
X6
u-(CH'OK/K'UH) B B
K'ABA' ("es el ("is the
jóven young
B nombre") name")
A A
Stone
TUN piedra stone
ku
pi
? marcador aspect
de aspecto? marker?
WITZ cerro hill

montaña mountain
? fogón? hearth?
KA'? metate? grind stone

CHA'? (trono?) (throne?)
8
? horno? herd?
altar? altar?
montículo? mound?
KAL abrir to split open
TUM? corazón? heart?

probar? taste?
sample?
hi
BAX cuarzo
TOK' pedernal flint
BAJ martillar to hammer

UCH'?
CH'AK cortar (con to cut (by

golpe) stroke)
ba
ba
Water
HA' agua water
ba
9
ma
t'u
so?
si?
YON?
TZ'IK'IN?
ma?
? plaza? plaza?
centro? center?
MUYAL nube cloud

TOKAL
TOK nube? cloud?

to chispa? spark?
PALAW? mar sea
HA'AL lluvia rain
Earth
KAB tierra earth
CHAB miel honey
abeja bee
TZ'AP clavar to drive sth.

hincar en el into the soil
suelo to hammer
sth. into sth.
? ? ?
10
JIN(AJ)? brotar? to sprout?

semilla? seed?
? ? ?
? guerra- star war

estrella
? ? ?
Sky
CHAN cielo sky
? ? ?
PUH carrizo cattail reed

pu
Smoke & Fire

K'AK' fuego fire
TAJ antorcha torch

ta
K'AWIL K'awiil K'awiil

(deidad) (deity)
PUL arder to burn

quemarse
11
? ? ?
Wood & Trees

TE' palo post
madera wood
árbol tree
JUKUB canoa canoo
TE' palo post

madera wood
árbol tree
chu
Flowers, Plants & Seeds

SAK? semilla/pepi (squash)
BOK? ta? seed?
NIK? odor? smell?
AJAW perfume? perfume?
flor? flower?
señor lord ( )
MIJIN? hijo (de (father's)

MIN? padre) child
SAK? semilla/pepi (squash)

BOK? ta? seed?
NIK? odor? smell?
AJAW perfume? perfume?
flor? flower?
señor lord ( )
AJ caña cattail
carrizo (giant) reed
JALAL caña reed

carrizo cane
AJ agentivo agentive
él que hace he who does
él de he of/from
12
AN elote sweet maize

maíz tierno
LAKAM estandarte banner

bandera huge?
grande?
UN aguacate avocado
TZUH calabaza squash

TZU' gourd
tzu
TAK seco dry
HOP quemar to burn
YOP hoja leaf

yo
WI' raíz root

wi último last
JAN? tipo de flor? type of

JANAB? tipo de flower?
ave? type of bird?
NIK flor flower

(genérico) (generic)
mo
mo? ? ?
MO'?
13
NAL mazorca maize ear

maíz corn
WINIK(IL)? hombre man

masculino male
winal winal
mes month
(20 días) (20 days)
NAB nenúfar water lily

aguada pool
lago lake
Shiny Surfaces
LEM? jade? jade?
brillante? brillante?
li
ta
ch'u?
bo?
AL? decir? say?

demonstr.? demonstr.?
CH'AB ayuno to fast

penitencia penance
Sun & Heat

K'IN sol sun
día day
{IK'}K'IN? oscurecerse to darken
14
NAM? esconderse to hide

salir de la go out of
vista sight
? ? ?
EL salir to leave
? plato de offering
ofrenda bowl
? Dios Paddler God

remero (solar)
solar
K'INICH caliente hot

sabio wise
más hottest
caliente
Moon
UH luna moon
UW
ja
HUL llegar (a) to arrive (at)
WINIK? 20 20
K'AL? veinte twenty
K'AW?
20
HUL llegar arrive
15
Knots, Textiles & Weaving

HUN papel paper
libro book
banda headband
diadema diadem
corona crown
JOY envolver to wrap

rodear to surround
? ? ?
ITZAM Itzam Itzam
yu
we
hi
? ? ?
che
nu
ja?
AJ?
a?
KUK? cabello? hair?

MUT? tipo de particular
peinado? hairstyle?
16
? ? ?
JEL? cambiar to change

JAL? aparecer to appear
manifestars to show up
e to reveal
XAN? palma? palm?
Darkness
AK'AB oscuridad darkness
NAMAN? ? ?
MAN?
AJ agentivo agentive
él que hace he who does
él de he of/from
? Dios Paddler God

remero de (night)
nocho (jaguar)
(jaguar)
t'i?
HUL? llegar arrive
IK' negro black
? ? ?
17
Bones, Eyes & Other Death Marks

WAY? co-esencia co-essence
hechizo spell
charm
CHAM morir to die
cho
k'e
WAY aguada lagoon

cuarto? water
deposit
room?
BAK hueso bone

cautivo captive
MUK tumba tomb

MUKNAL sepulcro sepulcher
CH'EN? cueva cave

pozo
Skulls
JOL cráneo skull
cabeza head
BAK hueso bone

CHAPAT ciempiés centipede
18
CHAM(-ya) Chamiiy Chamiiy

AJAW (deidad) (deity)
KIMIL
CHAM morir to die
? ? ?
chi
ha
KUKAY? libélula dragonfly
ya
MAS? ? ?
UH ? ?
xi
KAL abrir to open

romper to break
19
Supernatural Heads
AKAN Ahkan Ahkan
(deidad) (deity)
? ? ?
? ? ?
ye
HUN banda/diad headband/di

ema adem
corona crown
AJAN Ahan Ahan (deity)

AHAN (deidad) fresh ear of
elote corn
tzi
chi
? Dios Paddler God

remero (solar)
solar
Remero Raya
? Dios Paddler God

remero de (night)
nocho (jaguar)
Remero Jaguar (jaguar)
CHAK Chaahk Chaahk

(deidad) (deity)
20
K'AWIL K'awiil K'awiil

(deidad) (deity)
WITZ' Witz' (deida Witz' (deity)

d) moving
agua water
movida
YOPAT Yopat Yopat

(deidad) (deity)
KAL abrir to open

romper to break
K'INICH K'inich K'inich

(deidad) (deity)
caliente hot
( ) ( )
(IX-)CHEL Ixchel Ixchel

(deidad) (deity)
ni
ye
TIWOL? deidad deidad
? ? ?
TE' palo post

madera wood
árbol tree
planta plant
K'UH dios god

K'uh K'uh (deity)
(deidad)
21
SIP dios venado Deer-God
PA' bujón clown

pa
CHUWAJ? chuwaaj? Dios Jaguar Jaguar God

del of the
inframundo Underworld
?
Human Heads
? dios de wind god
viento
IX mujer woman
IX(IK) señora lady
na
IXIM maíz maize

corn
KEL joven young

KELEM fuerte strong
XIB hombre man

varón male
AJAW señor lord

rey king
? ? ?
22
wa
? ? ?
mi
no?
(Y)ATIK? hija de father's

padre daughter
K'AY canción song

cantar to sing
anuncio announceme
anunciar nt
to announce
NUN? comunicar communicat

NUM? dialogar e
(negociar dialogue
matrimonio (arrange
) marriage)
UCH' beber to drink

UK'
WE' comida food

we? comer to eat
sa
ho?
MAM abuelo grandfather

ancestro ancestor
Mam Mam (deity)
(deidad)
23
T'AB? subir rise

dedicar dedicate
presentar present
TI' boca mouth

orilla edge
? ? ?
WAY? ? ?
WAYWAL?
Mammal Heads
BAH tuza gopher
ba? imagen image
primero first
-sufijo -nominalizer
nominalizad suffix
or
CHIK? coatí coatí
CHIT ? ?
CHITAM pecarí peccary

puerco boar
montés
AK(UL)? pecarí peccary

puerco boar
montés
TIL tapir tapir

quemar burn
ch'o
CH'OK jóven youth
24
he
ji
TZ'UTZ'IH tejón coati

pizote snookum
bear
si
CHIJ venado deer

KEJ
chi
chi
? ? ?
T'UL conejo rabbit
pe?
CH'AMAK tlacuache opossum
EM mapache racoon
OK perro (en dog

contexto
del Tzolk'in)
25
TZ'I' perro dog

le
UN coyote? coyote?
BALAM jaguar jaguar

ba?
HIX jaguar? jaguar?

ocelote? ocelot?
tigrillo?

hechizo spell
charm
KOJ Puma Cougar

CHOJ
? ? ?
SUTZ' murciélago bat
tz'i
xu?
TZUTZ terminar to end

acabar to finish
CHUWEN? mono monkey
26
MAX mono araña spider

monkey
SIM? embrión
WAY co-esencia co-essence

hechizo spell
charm
Bird Heads
CHAN ? ?
KOKAJ? tipo de type of

águila eagle
MAT patillo pintail

cormorán cormorant
MUWAN gavilán sparrowhaw

k
O' tipo de ave type of bird

IKIN?
o
TZ'IKIN tipo de type of

águila eagle
AJAW señor lord

rey king
ki
CH'EN? ? ?
27
pi?
? ? ?
"come- "man-eater"
hombres"
? ? ?
AL hijo (de (mother's)

madre) child
USIJ buitre vulture

zopilote
? garza azul heron (?)

(?)
li
tzi?
AK'(ACH) pavo turkey

(hembra) (female)
KUTZ pavo wild turkey

silvestre
K'UK' quetzal quetzal
MO' guacamaya macaw
28
be
MAM abuelo grandfather

ancestro ancestor
Mam Mam (deity)
(deidad)
i gavilán? sparrowhaw
k?
KUY? lechuza owl

KUJ?
KUH?
MUT ave bird

(genérica) (generic)
pájaro
YAXUN tipo de ave type of bire

colibri colibri
TZ'UNUN colibrí colibri

chupaflor
? ? ?
Reptile & Amphibian Heads

CHAN serpiente serpent
KAN
? ? ?
PAT lagartija lizard
29
TELES? basilisco basilisk

T'EL{HUH}? lagarto con
TOLOK? cresta
WAW guao fresh water

tres-lomos turtle
tortuga de
agua dulce
? ? ?
AK tortuga turtle
tortoise
AHIN cocodrilo crocodile
? Cocodrilo Starry-Eyed
Venado Deer
Estelar Crocodile
HUH iguana iguana

hu
SIH nacer to be born
bu
mu
? ? ?
30
NUM? pasar? pass?

siempre? always?
todas las every time?
veces? numeric
class. classifier
numérico
LOK' salir to leave

escapar to escape
? pasar? to pass
through?
? ? ?
LEK? colgar to hang
Fish Heads
CHAY pez fish
KAY pescado
ka
XOK tiburón shark

u
tz'u
Shell
HUB? concha shell
JUB?
so?
? ? ?
31
NOH(OL) grande? big?
t'o?
Anthropod Heads
li
KAMIS ciempies centipede
Hands
K'AB mano hand
aleta fin
rama branch
YUK agitar shake

sacudir
mi?
TAL? tocar touch

PAS? knock
KOJOT?
YUK? sacudir shake
CH'AM agarrar to grab

K'AM tomar to take
recibir to receive
YAL arrojar to throw
TAJ? antorcha
TAY? brillante
32
? ? ?
HUL llegar (a) to arrive (at)
K'AL sostener to bear

presentar to hold
atar? to present
to tie?
TZUTZ terminar to end

acabar to finish
MIH 0 0
cero zero
JATZ' golpear to strike
JATZ' golpear to strike
TZAK agarrar to grab

conjurar to conjure
? ? ?
chi
PACH? ¿baldaquín? baldachin?
ke
TAK?
33
ye
CHOK tirar to throw

arrojar to scatter
esparcir
k'o
NAB palmo palm

cuarta handspan
yo
JUN 1 1
uno one
t'a?
cha
jo?
JOM?
k'a
TZ'IB escribir write
Legs & Feet

AN ir to go
correr to run
34
AN? ? ?
YAN?
? ? ?
? ? ?
bi
Other Human Body Parts

? ¿cargar? carry?
PAT? espalda back

PACH?
EM? descender descent

(de) (from)
ICH? pecho breast

ICHON?
UNEN bebé baby
CHUM sentarse to sit

asentarse to sit down
AT pene penis
me
35
chu?
UT ojo eye
HUT rostro face
IL(A) ver to see
Animal Body Parts

K'EW? cuero pelt
piel de skin
animal leather
NE' cola tail

NEH
ne
ne
ICH'AK garra claw

uña
ji
k'i
ch'i
OX garra claw
ala? wing?
OX? garra claw

ala? wing?
extremidad
K'A' acabarse to come to

marchitarse an end
to fade
to dry up
36
K'A' acabarse to come to

marchitarse an end
to fade
to dry up
K'UK'UM pluma feather
o
MUK? augurio omen
MAY pezuña hoof

ofrenda offering
XUKAB? cuerno horn

XUKUB? asta de
venado
AK tortuga turtle
tortoise
MAK caparazón turtle shell

de tortuga
MAN ? ?
OCH entrar to enter
? ? ?
OCH cascabel rattle

crótalo rattlesnake
37
WAK ciempiés? centipede?

wa-
AT? espina spine

colmillo fang
aguijón sting
KOKAN espina de ray spine

mantaraya
? ? ?
SINAN? alacrán scorpion
ka
Architecture
EB escalera staircase
escalinata
T'AB subir to rise

ascender to go up
OTOT casa house

(poseída) (possessed)
home
vessel container
? (cancha de) ball game

juego de (field)
pelota
38
EB escalera staircase
escalinata
PAN? terraplen terrace

KUN? terraza pyramid?
pirámide? structure?
estructura?
Other Man-Made Objects

HUN papel paper
libro book
TZ'AM trono throne

asiento seat
? trono de bone throne

huesos
ch'e?
? trono throne
banqueta bench
KOHAW tipo de type of

tocado headdress
yelmo helmet
? ? ?
PIK falda skirt

nagua
PAKAL escudo shield
CH'ICH'? ¿(pelota rubber

K'IK'? de) hule? (ball)?
39
Abstract Signs (round)

TZ'AK completar to complete
poner en to put in
orden order
AT ? ?
TAL (la x-ta) vez (for the x-

th) time
HUN papel paper

libro book
banda headband
diadema diadem
corona crown
WINIK hombre man

WINAL masculino male
WIN? winal winal
mes month
(20 días) (20 days)
OL corazón heart
(anímico) (animic)
WAJ tamal tamal

wa-? tortilla tortilla
comida food
he
tzi
se
cha
40
PET redondo round
? ? ?
KAJ?
ha
ye
ch'e?
? ? ?
UT? rostro? face?
IK' aire air

viento wind
? ? ?
? ? ?
? granizo? hail?
? ? ?
CH'AJ gota drop

incienso incense
41
IB campo/mat bean
a de frijol field/plant
lo
te
CHIT patrón patron

compañero company
AK' dar to give

entregar to deliver
WAL ahora now

WA'? en tiempos in times of
wa-? de
NEN espejo mirror
TAN pecho breast

en in
ante before
en medio in the
de middle of
between
bi
BIX ir to go
caminar to walk
jo
42
? ? ?
? ? ?
lu
KUM? olla? pot?
? ? ?
bo
tz'o?
pa
nu
po
na
K'AN amarillo yellow

sazonado seasoned
maduro ripe
precioso precious
joya jewelry
collar necklace
43
JUL flechar to shoot

disparar
KAJ? vivir live

quedarse stay
habitar dwell
CH'ICH' sangre blood

K'IK' (genérico) (generic)
CH'AB? ayuno to fast

penitencia penance
AT baño bath
? concha? shell?
YOTZ ? ?
sa
tz'i
Abstract Signs (stretched)

su
K'ABA' nombre name
44
ma
yi
ki
ta
xa
ko
CHAK rojo red

grande great
mucho much
le
li
ti
si
tz'a
45
SAK blanco white

artificial artificial

hechizo spell
charm
ta
ch'a
k'u
tu
nu
nu
nu
JALAM? tejedor(a)? weaver?
EK' estrella star
tzi
46
wo
ya
wa
wa
cha
ba
ma
la
ji
K'UH dios god
47
ju
HUL? llegar (a) to arrive (at)
HUL? llegar (a) to arrive (at)

BIX?
AH?
YAX verde green

azul blue
primero first
claro clear
limpio clean
mi
na
NAH casa (no house

poseída) (unpossesse
d)
ni
AJ? agentivo agentive

a? él que hace he who does
él de he of/from
SIH? nacer? to be born

PA'? abrir? to open?
PA' abrir to open
? ? ?
48
xi?
k'i?
CH'OK joven young
WAK 6 6
seis six
CH'AJAN? ¿cordón umbilical

umbilical? cord?
Composite Signs
je
AKAN? zacate grass

gritar roar
haullar groan
tza
tz'e izquierdo left
LAM hundirse to sink

menguar to decline
to diminish
tzo?
tze?
WA' estar to stand

WAL parado
49
TI'? boca mouth
SIBIK? carbón charcoal

SABAK? tizne ash
ABAK? tinta ink
AJAW señor lord

rey king
PIT palanquín palanquin
xo
no
SA' atole atole

sa bebida de maize gruel
hu? maíz atole
wu?
SIP? servir serve

BOL?
? ? ?
? ? ?
WIN? aparecer a to appear in

distancia/en the
público? distance/pu
blicly?
PAT hacer to make

formar to form
entregar turn over
50
PAS amanecer to dawn

abrir to open
PAS amanecer to dawn

abrir to open
? ? ?
? ? ?
ASUL? saltamontes grasshopper

ASU'? ? ?
locust?
TZUK parcialidad partiality

tzu{ku} región region
HUN? banda/diad headband/di

(ya)-AJAW?- ema adem
HUN corona crown
3YOP-HUN?
WI' raíz root

tubérculo tuber

poner en to put in
orden order

poner en to put in
orden order
51

poner en to put in
orden order

poner en to put in
orden order

poner en to put in
orden order

poner en to put in
orden order

poner en to put in
orden order
52
PRONOUNS -o’l Vtrr(CVC)-o’l nominalization
Affixes in Classic Maya Ergative (E) Absolutive (A) Independent (I) -ib V-ib instrumental
ni- (ni)w- -e’n hiin > hin -Vl V-Vl instrumental
(based on A. Lacadena 2010, 2014; A. a- aw- -at ha’at > hat DERIVED ADJECTIVES
Davletshin 2014; etc.; u- y- -Ø haa’ > ha’(i) -V1l S-V1l of S adjectivation
compiled by F. Kupprat 2015) ka- k-? -o’n - -V1ch S-V1ch with the quality of S adjectivation
- i(w)-? - - -Vm S-Vm adjectivation
u- y- -o’b > -ob ha’o’b > ha’ob V-Vm
NOUNS A-Vm
affix composition translation function VERBS ROOT THEMATIC SUFFIX
aj- aj-S S, the man masculine Intransitive (Vit) Vitr -i- Ø completive? -A
(s)he who makes S agentive -e’l incompletive?
(s)he who has S Vitr (inchoative) -VV1y compl./incompl.?; change of state
he from TOPONYM demonym Vitr (positional)
ix- ix-S Lady S feminine CVC -laj compl./incompl.?
she from TOPONYM demonym -waan compl./incompl.? (late form)
-o’m S-o’m (s)he who does S agentive CVhC -aj archaism or Tseltalan (late)
Sder-o’m Derived Vit S -aj intransitive (“to turn …”)
Vit-o’m (s)he who V A -iij
Vtr-(o)n-o’m (AF) S -aan inchoativo (“to turn …”)
-VV1l E-S-VV1l the S of inalienable (intimate possession) S? -laj affective (“do sth. over and over”)
-il E-S-il Vit, Vtr
-el S(Ca,iC)-el the S of inalienable possession (body parts and Transitive (Vtr) E- CVC -V1(’)w active -A
-il S(CoC)-il substances; no individual control) -VV1y mediopassive
-is S-is the S of alienable (unpossessed forms of body parts -VV1w antipassive
-al S-al (western Cholan) and animic entities) CV-h-C -aj passive
-taak S-taak Ss plural E- Vtrr(non-CVC) -(V)-n active incompletive?
-naal S-naal inhabitant of S demonym -Ø completive?
S1-S2 S1 of S2; S1-S2 composition -VV1y mediopassive
V-S Sder of S; Sder-S -k’-a(j)
NOUNS DERIVED FROM NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES -on antipassive
-aal S-aal sth. made S / S “-ation” instantiation -an
-il S-il S “-ship”/ “-hood” / A “-ness” abstract -n-aj passive (exception: ila-aj)
A-il -w-aj
-lel S-lel S “-ship”/“-hood” abstract E- Vtrr -(V1)j perfective
-V1l S-V1l sth. full of S collective Vtrr (CVC) -ooj perfective (western variation)
-nal S-nal place of S toponym Vtrr(non-CVC) -ej
S-nib Vtrr -VV1l/-V1l present participle (stative)
-Vl S-u’l where S abound toponym
S-uul -(j)o’m future participle
S-il -bil passive participle
S-iil Vtrr (CVC) -V1 imperative
S-al Vtrr(non-CVC) -Vn
NOUNS DERIVED FROM VERBS Vtrr -ik optative -A
-aj Vtrr(CVC)-aj nominalization Derived Vtr E- Vitr (positional) -bu causative -A
-al Vitr-al (dir./incoa.) nominalization -kun (yuc.)
-aj Vtrpas-n-aj Vitr -es causative
Vtrpas-w-aj S -Vj active
-ma Vtrantip-ma
-baaj Vtrr-baaj nominalization
-e’l Vitr-e’l nominalization
ORGANIZERS: FINANCIAL SUPPORT:
European Polish Society Ministry of Science

Association for Latin American and Higher Education
of Mayanists Studies Republic of Poland
Grant number: DNK/SN/461280/2020

Silabario y Logogramas Actualizados

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Silabario y Logogramas Actualizados

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BOUNDARIES,

Felix Kupprat (with support from Shintaro Suzuki)

Tal vez ch’i

JUN CHA' UX CHAN HO' WAK HUK WAXAK

BALUN? LAJUN BULUCH LAJCHAN? UXLAJUN CHANLAJUN HO'LAJUN WAKLAJUN

HUKLAJUN WAXAKLAJUN BALUNLAJUN WINIK? MIH

nu/u-TZUTZ?-PIK? TZUTZ?-PIK? ?-PIK? PIK? WINIKHAB HAB WINIK K'IN

IMIX? IK' AK'AB OL? KAN? CHAM? CHIJ LAMAT?

u? OK? CHUWEN EB? BEN HIX? TZ'IKIN? CHIB?

K'AN-JAL-wa-bu? IK'-AT-ta CHAK-AT-ta SUTZ' ka-se wa CHIKIN?-ni YAX-K'IN-ni mo{lo}

IK'-SIHOM-ma YAX-SIHOM-ma SAK-SIHOM-ma CHAK-SIHOM ma-ka UN-ni-wa MUWAN-ni PAX?

K'AN-a-si-ya HUL?-OL-la WAY-HAB?

YIK'IN-NAL? (u)-TI' HUN ? x(-ji) HUL-(li)-ya x(-ji) HUL-(li)-ya (u-)x K'AL x ? ?

TUN pi ? WITZ ? KA'? ? KAL

TUM? hi BAX TOK' BAJ CH'AK ba ba

HA' ba ma t'u so? ma? ? MUYAL

TOK PALAW? HA'AL

KAB TZ'AP ? JIN(AJ)? ? ? ?

Smoke & fire

K'AK' TAJ K'AWIL PUL ?

Wood & trees

TE' JUKUB TE' chu

Flowers, plants & seeds

SAK? MIJIN? SAK? AJ JALAL AJ AN LAKAM

UN TZUH TAK HOP YOP WI' JAN? NIK

LEM? li ta ch'u? AL? CH'AB

Sund & heat

K'IN {IK'}K'IN? NAM? ? EL ? ? K'INICH

UH ja HUL WINIK? HUL

Knots, textiles & weaving

HUN JOY ? ITZAM yu we hi ?

AK'AB NAMAN? AJ ? t'i? HUL? IK' ?

Bones, eyes & other death marks

WAY? CHAM cho k'e WAY BAK MUK CH'EN?

JOL BAK CHAPAT CHAM(-ya) AJAW CHAM ? chi ha

KUKAY? ya MAS? UH ? xi KAL u

AKAN ? ? ye HUN AJAN tzi chi

? ? CHAK K'AWIL WITZ' YOPAT KAL K'INICH

Remero Raya Remero Jaguar

(IX-)CHEL ni ye TIWOL? ? TE' K'UH SIP

? IX na IXIM u KEL XIB AJAW

? wa ? mi no? (Y)ATIK? K'AY NUN?

BAH CHIK? CHIT CHITAM AK(UL)? TIL ch'o CH'OK

he ji TZ'UTZ'IH si CHIJ chi ? T'UL

pe? CH'AMAK EM OK TZ'I' UN BALAM HIX

WAY? KOJ ? SUTZ' tz'i xu? TZUTZ CHUWEN?

MAX SIM? WAY

CHAN KOKAJ? MAT MUWAN O' TZ'IKIN AJAW ki

CH'EN? pi? ? ? AL USIJ ? li

tzi? AK'(ACH) KUTZ K'UK' MO' a be MAM

i KUY? MUT YAXUN TZ'UNUN ?

Reptile & amphibian heads

CHAN ? PAT TELES? WAW ? e AK

AHIN ? HUH SIH bu mu ? NUM?

CHAY XOK u tz'u

HUB? ? NOH(OL) t'o?

K'AB YUK mi? TAL? CH'AM YAL TAJ? ?

chi PACH? ke ye CHOK k'o NAB yo

JUN t'a? cha jo? k'a TZ'IB

Legs & feet

Other human body parts

? PAT? EM? ICH? UNEN CHUM AT me