FERDINAND MAGELLAN

-February 3 1480- April 25, 1521

-Portuguese Explorer who organised the Spanish Expeditions to the East Indies from 1519-1522
to search for western
route to the Maluku Islands ( the Spice Island) resulting in the first circumnavigation of the
Earth, completed by Juan Sebastian Elcano

LAPU-LAPU
-1491 - 1542
-Whose name was first recorded as Çilapulapu, was a datu of Mactan in the Visayas in the
Philippines.
-Famously vanquishing Portuguese conquistador Ferdinand Magellan and his army in their
attempt to colonise Mactan Island.

ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
-1491-1531
-Italian scholar and explorer from the republic of Venice
-He traveled with the portugese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his crew by order of the King
Charles 1 of Spain on
their Voyage around the world.
-His travelogue is one of the most important primary sources in the study of precolonial
Philippines.
-His account was also a major referent to the events leading to Magellans arrival in the
Philippines, his encounter with local leaders, his death in the hands of Lapulapu’s forces in the
Battle of Mactan and in the depature of what was left of Magellan’s fleet from the islands.

JUAN DE PLASENCIA O.S.M)

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
 Fray Juan de Plasencia (real name is Joan de Portocarrero) is one of the seven children of
Pedro Portocarrero.
 He grew up in the region of Extremadura during the Golden Age (Siglo de Oro) of Spain.
 During this period there was an upsurge of men entering religious life with the intention
of suiting up for missionary works in the newly discovered territories
-arrived in the Philippines on July 2, 1578.
- He and Fray Diego de Oropresa were assigned to do mission works in Southern Tagalog area.
-entitled Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos (Customs of the Tagalogs, 1589). It
vividly describes the political, social, economic and cultural practices of the Filipinos before they
were Christianized.

Doctrina Christiana first book.

-in 1593, he published the book Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Espanola Y Tagala, the first
printed book in the Philippines. He used it as reading material for those Filipinos who
wanted to deepen their faith in the newly accepted religion.

 Barangay
tribal gathering ruled by chiefs. It is called a “barangay” because they associate themselves with
the “Malay” who are one of the first people to arrive in the Philippines through a boat in which
they call “barangay”.

 Datu
the chiefs of the village; they governed the people as captains even in wars, were obeyed, and
revered; any subject who committed any offense against them, or spoke to their wives and
children, were severely punished.
Maharlika
are those who are born free; He would keep their status for a lifetime

Aliping Namamahay are those who serve their masters however, they can have their own
properties.
Aliping sa Guiguilir are those considered to be slaves who serve their masters or can be sold
off.

The Katipunan Finally Starts a Revolution

The Katipunan is born
Andres Bonifacio was also a member of La Liga Filipina, although he soon lost hope in gaining
reforms though peaceful means. This feeling was especially heightened when Jose Rizal was
exiled to Dapitan. Bonifacio became convinced that the only way the Philippines could gain
independence was through a revolution.

Bonifacio then founded the “Katastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipuanan ng mga Anak ng

Bayan” (KKK) on July 7, 1892 in a house on Azcarraga street (now Claro M. Recto), in Tondo
Manila.
The Katipunan had colorful beginnings. As a symbol of the member’s loyalty, they performed
the solemn rite of sanduguan (blood compact), wherein each one signed his name with his own
blood..
The members agreed to recruit more people using the “triangle system” of enlistment. Each
original member would recruit tow new members who were not related to each other. Each new
member would do the same thing, and so on down the line. Members were also asked to
contribute one Real (about 25 centavos) each month in order to raise funds for the association.

The KKK members agreed on the following objectives:

▪ The political goal was to completely separate the Philippines from Spain after declaring the
country’s independence.
▪ The moral goal was to teach the Filipinos good manners, cleanliness, hygiene, fine morals, and
how to guard themselves against religious fanaticism..
▪ The civic goal was to encourage Filipinos to help themselves and to defend the poor oppressed.

The “Kataastaasang Sanggunian” (supreme council) was the highest governing body of the
Katipunan. It was headed by a supremo, or president. Each province had a “Sangguaniang
Bayan” (Provincial Council) and each town had a “Sangguniang Balangay” (Popular Council).
The Leaders of the Katipunan:
▪ Deodato Arellano -Supremo
▪ Ladislao Diwa -Fiscal
▪ Teodora Plata -Secretary
▪ Valentine Diaz -treasurer
▪ Andres Bonifacio -controller

Teaching of Katipunan or Kartilya ng Katipunan

-The teaching of the katipunan on how women should be treated with honor and respect, while
positive on many respects and certainly a significant stride from the practice of raping and
physically abusing women, can still be telling of the katipunan's secondary regard for women in
relation to men.

1. The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and reasonable purpose is a tree without a shade, if
not a poisonous weed.
-The First code of conduct simple tells us that we must have a purpose-driven life. We must
know how to set our goals and find meaning to our life because without knowing our purpose,
we will suffer from unwanted situations.

2. To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake is not virtue.
 -This means that we must not be selfish. We must do good deed not to earn praises but to show
it with our whole heart because a deed done only for fame is not worthy to be called good.

3. It is rational to be charitable and love one’s fellow creature, and to adjust one’s conduct, acts
and words to what is in itself reasonable.
-It gives us the real definition of true act of kindness – Being kind is simply seen by the service
and love one gives to his/her fellowmen without asking anything in return.

4. Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born equal: superiority in knowledge, wealth
and beauty are to be understood, but not superiority by nature.
-The 4th rule highlights EQUALITY. We are all born to be equal no matter what race, status,
and educational background we have. Our society may have divided us into groups but we must
all understant that no one is a superior of anyone.

5. The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain; the scoundrel, gain to honor.
-A good person must understand that honoring oneself also means he or she values honor
rather than personal interest. True honor means having a high moral standard behavior

6. To the honorable man, his word is sacred.

-The rule 6 tells us that we must be a man of our own words. Whatever said must be done. We
must do things that we promised because we can never take back what we have been said so ”
walk the talk “.

7. Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but not time lost.
-Everyone must understand the importance of time. We usually focus ourselves on worrying
from different material things.

8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field.
-We don’t have the same strenghts but we can help one another. We must choose to fight for
what is right – Fight with the weak people who needs your help and comfort and Fight those
people who keep on putting others down by oppressing them.

9. The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in keeping secrets

-This highlights the importance of trust and comfidentiality. A wise man is a man who thinks of
what he says and keeps what is needed to be kept.

10. On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman and the children, and if the guide leads
to the precipice, those whom he guides will also go there.
-All of us needs to be a model for everyone because whatever they saw in us will also be
followed by the people who sees us. And a true man leads his family to the right path by showing
them that he is righteous.

11. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful companion who will
share with thee the penalties of life; her (physical) weakness will increase thy interest in her and
she will remind thee of the mother who bore thee and reared thee.
-This principle is about women. That every woman deserves to be respected and no man shall
see them as an object nor a past time.

12. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers and sisters, that do not unto
the wife, children, brothers and sisters of thy neighbor.
-Every action that any man do is important. Every action has its own consequences. We must
not do bad things against other people if we don’t want other people to do bad things against us.

13. Man is not worth more because he is a king, because his nose is aquiline, and his color white,
not because he is a *priest, a servant of God, nor because of the high prerogative that he enjoys
upon earth, but he is worth most who is a man of proven and real value, who does good, keeps
his words, is worthy and honest; he who does not oppress nor consent to being oppressed, he
who loves and cherishes his fatherland, though he be born in the wilderness and know no tongue
but his own.
-The thirteenth principle is about having the right character and good values. A Man’s life is
not measured by what is his status in life nor with the things that he possess. Instead, it is in his
character and his love for the native land.

14. When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the longed-for sun of Liberty shall rise
brilliant over this most unhappy portion of the globe and its rays shall diffuse everlasting joy
among the confederated brethren of the same rays, the lives of those who have gone before, the
fatigues and the well-paid sufferings will remain. If he who desires to enter (the Katipunan) has
informed himself of all this and believes he will be able to perform what will be his duties, he
may fill out the application for admission.