Name:

LECTURE ACTIVITY 4:
EVALUATION OF THE Date of Submission: 9 / 22 / 2022
CARDIOPULMONARY
Instructor: Juliny Grace Bautista
SYSTEM
SCORE:

RATING:

MATERIALS/RESOURCES:
 Joanne Watchie, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy. 2nd
edition, copyright 2010 Saunders Elsevier Inc.
 Scot Irwin and Jan Tecklin, Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy., 4th edition,
copyright 2004 Mosby,Inc.
 Ellen Hilleglass, Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 3rd edition,
copyright 2011 Saunders Elsevier Inc.
 2.O Sullivan, Susan and Schmitz, Thomas, Physical Rehabilitation
Assessment and Treatment, 4th edition, copyright 2001 F.A. Davis
Company
 Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 11th edition by Tortora and Derrickson

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the session, the students should be able to:
 describe procedures and identify tools in obtaining objective information on
the patient’s cardiovascular system in terms of laboratory studies and
diagnostic tests and procedures
 identify and interpret results from medical tests and procedures
relevant in the assessment of patient’s cardiopulmonary status
 appreciate the importance and impact of medical tests that may
determine key disease states and impairments
 formulate a working diagnosis, aid in the prevention of complications,
develop
information to determine a prognosis, identify subclinical disease states,
and assist in the monitoring of the progress of treatments through
cardiovascular and pulmonary diagnostic tests and procedures

INSTRUCTIONS:
Interpret the results of the following Arterial Blood Gas results:
1. A distraught 77 year old man, experiencing anxiety of apparent psychosomatic
origin was brought to the hospital by his wife. The patient exhibited rapid and deep
breathing, has slurred speech and complained about tingling in his extremities.
ABG revealed:

pH 7.57
PCO2 23 mmHg
HCO3 21 mEq/L

 The blood pH is high.

 PaCo2 level is low.
 HCO3 level is low.
 The patient has respiratory alkalosis caused by over-breathing (called
hyperventilation) also because that occurs when a person's pH level is
higher than 7.45.

2. A 27-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a persistent case of bacterial
pneumonia, which had not responded to 6 days of ambulatory care with
antimicrobial drugs. He exhibited mild cyanosis and labored breathing. Arterial
blood gas analysis in room air showed:

pH 7.44
PaO2 53 mm Hg
PaCO2 26 mm Hg
HCO3 17 mEq/L

 Blood pH level is normal.

 PaO2 level is low.

 PaCo2 level is low.

 HCO3 level is low

 When HCO3 and paCO2 level is low that means occurs in metabolic
acidosis and in respiratory alkalosis.

3. A 35-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with a

diagnosis of heroin overdose. Her breathing was shallow and slow. Arterial
blood gas analysis showed:
 pH 7.30
PCO2 55 mm Hg
HCO3 27 mEq/L

 Blood pH level is low.

 PCO2 level is high.

 HCO3 level is high.

 The increase in PCO2 caused decrease in pH, which cause Respiratory

acidosis.

4. A 73 year old man is being treated on an outpatient basis for pulmonary

emphysema, which was diagnose 7 years earlier. His breathing is labored, with marked
use of accessory muscles. ABG revealed:

pH 7.36
PCO2 64 mmHg
HCO3 35 mEq/L

 Blood pH level is normal.

 PCO2 level is high.

 HCO3 level is high.

 The increased of PCO2 cause respiratory acidosis, also Patients who

has (emphysema) will have decreased effective ventilation; when
HCO3 is high that mean body is having trouble maintaining its acid-
base balance.

5. A 42-year-old woman in a diabetic coma was taken to the emergency

department. She exhibited gasping and deep respirations. Arterial blood
gas analysis showed:

pH 7.22
PCO2 20 mmHg
HCO3 8 mEq/L

 Blood pH level is low.

  PCO2 level is low.

 HCO3 level is low.

 When PCO2, HCO2 and PH are low that cause Metabolic acidosis

Reference:
Principle of of Anatomy and Physiology 11th edition by Tortora and Derrickson
Joanne Watchie, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy. 2nd edition