Effective

Communication
Lecture 4
Aptitude: Ratio And
Proportions
 Activity
The net income to revenue ratios for two companies
are as follows:
a. Company ABC = 19 : 17
b. Company XYZ = 22 : 23

In which company should Anam invest her money

and why?
Lesson Objectives

In this lecture, you will

▪ Differentiate between ratio and proportion

▪ Analyze different types of ratios and discuss their

properties

▪ Solve problems based on ratio and proportion

Introduction

▪ A ratio is a pair of numbers that are compared

a : b ⇒ a/b

▪ A proportion is an equality of two ratios

a : b :: c : d⇒ a/b = c/d

▪ If a : b :: c : x, x is called the fourth proportional of a, b,

c.
a/b = c/x
x = bc/a

Example:
a : b :: c : x = 5 : 10 :: 4 : x

x = bc/a
= (10*4)/5
=8
How Do Companies Use Ratio and Proportion?

▪ To establish the relationships between different

financial component

▪ To compare results over different time periods

▪ To track performance and identify problems

▪ To select in which companies to invest

Activity 1: Practice Questions

Question: 1

The ratio of monthly incomes of two employees is 3 : 5

and their monthly expenditures are in the ratio 5 : 9. If
both the employees save Rs. 300 every month, then
what is the monthly income of the first employee?

Options:

(A) Rs. 1800

(B) Rs. 1100
(C) Rs. 1600
(D) Rs. 1880
(E) Rs. 1808
Activity 1: Practice Questions

Question: 2

What is the fourth proportional of 20 m, 60 m and 35 m?

Options:

(A) 102 m
(B) 150 m
(C) 120 m
(D) 105 m
(E) 205 m
Activity 1: Practice Questions

Question: 3

In an alloy, tin and lead are mixed in the respective ratio

of 3 : 2. Tin costs Rs. 50 per kg and lead costs Rs. 20 per
kg. What will be the cost of 12 kg of the alloy?

Options:

(A) Rs. 444

(B) Rs. 336
(C) Rs. 468
(D) None of these
Activity 1: Practice Questions

Question: 4

If the ratio 3 : 2 is equal to (x - 13) : 5(x - 3), which of the

following could be the value of 'x'?

Options:

(A) 9/13
(B) 13/18
(C) 19/18
(D) 19/12
Changing Ratios

When the quantity of the elements changes, the

ratio also changes.

Example:

▪ In 21 kg of an alloy, the ratio of copper to zinc by

mass is 5 : 2. If 4 kg of copper is added to the
alloy, then what will be the new ratio?

Quantity of copper = 15 kg
Quantity of zinc = 5 kg
New quantity of copper = 19 kg
New ratio= 19 : 5
Activity 2: Practice Questions

Question: 1

The ratio of monthly incomes of two employees is 3 : 5

and their monthly expenditures are in the ratio 5 : 9. If
both the employees save Rs. 300 every month, then
what is the monthly income of the first employee?

Options:

(A) 3 : 5
(B) 3 : 2
(C) 5 : 3
(D) 5 : 2
(E) 2 : 3
Activity 2: Practice Questions

Question: 2

The numerator of a fraction is 16 and its denominator is

27. Which of the following numbers should be added to
both the numerator and denominator so that the ratio
of numerator to denominator becomes 4 : 5?

Options:

(A) 18
(B) 28
(C) 42
(D) 82
(E) 84
Activity 2: Practice Questions

Question: 3

What should be subtracted from each of the terms of

the ratio 12 : 25 to make it 3 : 2?

Options:

(A) 51
(B) 15
(C) 31
(D) 13
(E) 21
Activity 2: Practice Questions

Question: 4

The ratio of milk to water in a mixture is 3 : 2. If 10 litres

of water is added to it, the ratio gets reversed. What is
the amount of the total mixture now?

Options:

A) 10 litres
(B) 20 litres
(C) 24 litres
(D) 30 litres
(E) 32 litres
Activity 2: Practice Questions

Question: 5

The ratio of two numbers is 5 : 3. If 10 is added to each

term of the ratio, the ratio becomes 3 : 2. What are the
numbers?

Options:

(A) 50, 20
(B) 50, 30
(C) 40, 30
(D) 20, 30
(E) 60, 20
Calculate the New Ratio

If the ratios a : b and b : c are given and a : b : c is to

be calculated.

Example:
Ratio 1 = a : b = 1 : 2
Ratio 2 = b : c = 7 : 4

Multiply both the ratios by numbers that will make

them equivalent
Multiplying Ratio 1 by 7 and Ratio 2 by 2 we get,
Ratio 1 = 7 : 14 and Ratio 2 = 14 : 8

Required Ratio = a : b : c = 7 : 14 : 8
Activity 3: Practice Questions

Question: 1

The profit of a business is distributed among three

partners A, B and C in such a way that four times the
amount received by A is equal to six times the amount
received by B and 11 times the amount received by C.
The ratio in which the three received the amount is

Options:

(A) 44 : 66 : 24
(B) 6 : 11: 4
(C) 11 : 6 : 4
(D) 66 : 44 : 24
Activity 3: Practice Questions

Question: 2

Rs. 1400 is divided among three laborer's: K, L and M in

such a way that the ratio of L's share to K's share is 3 :
2 and the ratio of M's share to L's share is 5 : 4.

Which of the following is K's share?

Options:

(A) Rs. 220

(B) Rs. 320
(C) Rs. 120
(D) Rs. 160
(E) Rs. 330
Activity 3: Practice Questions

Question: 3

There are three ballpoint pens —one red, one blue and
one black colors. The weight of the blue pen is 180 g.
The ratio of weights of the red pen to the blue pen is 5 :
6, and the ratio of weights of the blue pen to the black
pen is 5 : 4. What is the weight of the red pen?

Options:

(A) 150 g
(B) 250 g
(C) 180 g
(D) 160 g
(E) 220 g
Activity 3: Practice Questions

Question: 4

An alloy contains zinc, copper and iron in the ratio 4 : 3

: 2. If 20 kg of copper is added to 90 kg of this alloy,
what will be the ratio of zinc and copper in the alloy?

Options:

(A) 4 : 5
(B) 1 : 1
(C) 1 : 2
(D) 5 : 4
(E) 2 : 1
Calculate Profit-Loss Ratios

The ratio of profit or loss sharing is obtained by

multiplying the capital invested by the duration of
investment.

Example:
A invested half of the capital for 3 months
B invested the other half for 9 months

Profit Ratio of A to B
= {(1/2)*(3/12)}/{(1/2)*(9/12)}
=1:3
Activity 4: Practice Questions

Question: 1

A puts 1/2 of the total capital for 1/2 of the total time, B
puts 1/3 of the total capital for 2/3 of the total time and
C puts rest of the capital for the whole time. Then, the
ratio of their profits is

Options:

(A) 9 : 8 : 6
(B) 7 : 8 : 6
(C) 6 : 7 : 9
(D) 7 : 9 : 6
Activity 4: Practice Questions

Question: 2

Anil, Bishan and Charan have invested money in a

business. Anil invested half of the total capital for six
months, Bishan invested one-third of the total capital
for eight months and Charan invested rest of the
capital for one year. What is the ratio of their profit?

Options:

(A) 7 : 8 : 6
(B) 6 : 7 : 9
(C) 9 : 8 : 6
(D) 7 : 9 : 6
Activity 4: Practice Questions

Question: 3

Three partners A, B and C invested Rs. 30,000, Rs.

40,000 and Rs. 50,000 in a business for 5, 7 and 12
months, respectively. Find the ratio of their profits at
the end of the year.

Options:

(A) 4 : 9 : 11
(B) 15 : 28 : 60
(C) 3 : 7 : 10
(D) None of these
Activity 4: Practice Questions

Question: 4

Ram and Shyam enter into a partnership with their

share of capital in the ratio 5 : 8. Ram withdrew his
money after six months and they divided the profit in
the ratio 5 : 4 after one year. For how long was Shyam's
capital used?

Options:

(A) 3 months
(B) 4 months
(C) 6 months
(D) 5 months