k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,

k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\\åf/f k/LIff;DaGwL h_ æk=lg=sf=Æ eGgfn] k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd
ljlgodfjnL, @)&! -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ sf] ljlgod %% sf] clwsf/ k|of]u kl/ifb\\, k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nonfO{ hgfpFb5 .
u/L k/LIff ;ldltn] l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, #= k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, egf{ tyf 5fqj[lQ Joj:yfkgM
5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&! nfO{ ;+zf]wg u/L s_ k=lg=sf=4f/f ;~rflnt k|j]z k/LIffnfO{ Jojl:yt, dof{lbt tyf
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ lgodfg';f/ ;~rfng ug]{, cg'udg ug]{, Joj:yfkg, glthf
egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf,@)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ hf/L u/]sf] 5 . k|sfzg tyf 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ug{]÷u/fpg] ;DaGwL sfo{ k/LIff
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM ;DaGwL ljlgodfnL @)&! sf] lalgod $& jdf]lhd ul7t k|j]z
k/LIff ;+rfng, Joj:yfkg tyf glthf k|sfzg pk–;ldltn]
s_ of] lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æl8Knf]df tyf k|df0fkq txsf] k|j]z
k/LIff ;+rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj egf{ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf ug]{5 .
v_ a'Fbf g+= -v_ jdf]lhd ul7t pk;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
@)&! -klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&@_Æ /x]sf] 5 .
k/LIff ;DaGwL ljlgodfnL @)&! sf] lalgod $& tyf k/LIff
v_ of] lgb]{lzsf kl/ifb,k/LIff ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] ldlt
;ldltn] tf]s] jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
@)&@÷#÷!! b]lv nfu' x'g]5 .
$= kl/ifb\af6 ;+rfnLt z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;DjGwL kl/roM
@= kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdfM kl/ifb\\sf cf+lus, ;fem]bf/L, ;fd"bflos ljBfno / gLlh :t/df
s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\ z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] ;DaGwg :jLs[t kfPsf lzIf0f
P]g @)$% -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ ;Demg' k5{ . ;+:yfx?df l8Knf]df tyf k|df0fkq txdf egf{sf] nflu lgDg
v_ ælgodÆ eGgfn] k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd sfo{qmdx?df k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng x'g]5 .
kl/ifb\\ lgodfjnL @)%! -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ ;Demg' k5{ .
u_ æljlgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos s_ :jf:Yo ;DjGwL sfo{qmdx?
tfnLd kl/ifb\ k/LIff ;~rfng ;DaGwL ljlgodfjnL @)&! c_ k|df0fkq tx gl;{Ë .
;Demg' k5{ . cf_ k|df0fkq tx ;fdfGo lrlsT;f .
3_ æ;ldltÆeGgfn] k/LIff ;DaGwL ljlgodfjnL @)&! -klxnf] O_ k|df0fkq tx d]l8sn Nofa 6]Sgf]nf]hL .
;+zf]wg @)&@_ sf] ljlgod $ jdf]lhd ul7t k/LIff O{_ k|df0fkq tx 8]06n ;fOG; -8]06n xfOlhg_ .
;ldltnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . p_ k|df0fkq tx 8fOUgf]li6s /]l8of]u|fkmL .
ª_ æP;=Pn=;L=Æ eGgfn] k|j]lzsf, k|j]lzsf -k|fljlws wf/_ / pm_ k|df0fkq tx xf]ldof]KofyL .
k|fljlws k|j]lzsf k/LIff pQL0f{ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 . P_ k|df0fkq tx ;fdfGo cfo'j]{lbs lrlsT;f .
r_ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ækl/ifb\\ sd{rf/L÷k|lzIfsÆ P]_ k|df0fkq tx cKyflNds lj1fg .
eGgfn] kl/ifb\\ ;]jfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L÷k|lzIfsnfO{ hgfpF5 cf]_ k|df0fkq tx cs'k~r/ .
/ Æsd{rf/L÷k|lzIfs kl/jf/Æ eGgfn] lghsf afa', cfdf, cf}_ l8Knf]df O{g kmfd]{;L .
>Ldfg, >LdtL, 5f]/f / 5f]/LnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
5_ ækl/ifb\\Æ eGgfn] k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd v_ OlGhlgol/Ë ;DjGwL sfo{qmdx?
kl/ifb\\nfO{ hgfpFb5 h;nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf k|f=lz= tyf Jof= tf= c_ l8Knf]df O{g l;len OlGhlgol/Ë .
kl/ifb\ elgg]5 . cf_ l8Knf]df O{g On]lS6«sn OlGhlgol/Ë .
O_ l8Knf]df O{g On]S6«f]lgS; OlGhlgol/Ë .
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
1 2
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
O{_ l8Knf]df O{g On]lS6«sn P08 On]S6«f]lgS; OlGhlgol/Ë . x'g' kg]{5 . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 u]|l8ª k|0ffnLdf hf/L x'g]
p_ l8Knf]df O{g lhcf]d]l6S; O{l~hlgol/Ë . P;=Pn=;L= -k|fljlws wf/_ sf] of]Uotfsf] xsdf pNn]lvt
pm_ l8Knf]df O{g cfsL{6]Sr/ O{l~hlgol/Ë . z}lIfs sfo{qmdsf nflu tf]lsPsf] k|ltzt leq kg]{ u|]8 sfod
P_ l8Knf]df O{g d]sflgsn OlGhlgol/Ë . x'g]5 .
P]_ l8Knf]df O{g c6f]d]sflgsn OlGhlgol/Ë .
cf]_ l8Knf]df O{g O{Gkm/d]zg 6]Sgf]nf]hL -cfO{=6L=_ . kl/ifb\ jf lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L=
cf}_ l8Knf]df O{g sDKo"6/ OlGhlgol/Ë . pQL0f{x?n] o; adf]lhd ;+rfng x'g] sfo{qmd;+u ;DalGwt
c+_ l8Knf]df Og afof]d]l8sn OlSjkd]06 OlGhlgol/Ë . k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L= pQL0f{x?sf nflu lgwf{l/t sf]6fdf
k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg]5g\ t/ ;f] k/LIffdf ;dfj]z x'g
u_ s[lif tyf kz' lj1fg, jg -km/]i6«L_ / km'8 P08 8]/L 6]Sgf]nf]hL P;=Pn=;L= pQL0f{ eO{ k|f=lz=tyf Jof=tf=kl/ifb\ tyf lqe'jg
;DjGwL sfo{qmdx? ljZjljBfno åf/f ;+rflnt o; jdf]hLd cWoog ug{ rfx]sf]
c_ l8Knf]df O{g s[lif -afnL tyf kz' lj1fg_ . z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;+u ;DalGwt k|f=P;= Pn= ;L= sf] s'n
cf_ l8Knf]df O{g km'8 P08 8]/L 6]Sgf]nf]hL . k"0ff{Ídf qmdzM ^*=## / ^^=^& k|ltzt c+s k|fKt u/L pQL0f{
O_ l8Knf]df O{g km/]i6«L . u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
v_ 6'l/hd P08 xl:k6fln6L ÷Ol~hlgol/Ë÷;fdfGo lrlsT;f/
3_ 6'l/hd P08 xl:k6fln6L ;DjGwL sfo{qmdx? kmfd]{;L/ d]l8sn Nofa 6]Sgf]nf]hL/ cKyflNds ;fOG;/
c_ l8Knf]df O{g xf]6]n d]g]hd]06 . 8]G6n ;fOG; /xf]ldof]KofyL÷ ;fdfGo cfo'j]{b lrlsT;f ÷
cs'kGr/ / 8fOUgf]li6s /]l8of]u|fkmL sfo{qmdsf nfluM
%= cWoog cjlwM o; sfo{qmddf cfj]bg lbg] pDd]bjf/x?n] dfGotf k|fKt
dfly pNn]lvt sfo{qmdx? dWo] a'Fbf $= v_ c+ -l8Knf]df Og lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 clgjfo{ ul0ft, c+u|]hL / lj1fg ljifo lnO{
jfof]d]l8sn OlSjkd]06 OlGhlgol/Ë_ sf] z}lIfs sfo{qmdsf] P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/xsf] k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
cWoog cjlw -k|df0fkq tx÷bz hf]8 b'O{ pQL{0f{ kl5_ !* dlxgf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 u]|l8ª k|0ffnLdf hf/L x'g] P;=Pn=;L=
/ cGo sfo{qmdx?sf]] cWoog cjlw P;=Pn=;L=÷ k|f=P;=Pn=;L= -k|fljlws wf/_ sf] of]Uotfsf] xsdf pNn]lvt z}lIfs
pQL0f{ kl5 hDdf # -tLg_ jif{sf] x'g]5 . sfo{qmdsf nflu tf]lsPsf] k|ltzt leq kg]{ u|]8 sfod x'g]5 .
^= k|j]z k/LIffdf ;fd]n x'gsf nflu cfjZos z}lIfs of]UotfM k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L= pQL0f{x?sf nflu lgwf{l/t sf]6fdf
k=lg=sf=åf/f ;+rfng x'g] ljleGg sfo{qmdsf] k|j]z k/LIffdf ;dfj]z x'g P;=Pn=;L= pQL0f{ eO{ k|f=lz=tyf Jof=tf=kl/ifb\
;fd]n x'g sfo{qmd cg';f/ lgDg adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf lqe'jg ljZjljBfno åf/f ;+rflnt o; jdf]hLd cWoog
k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . ug{ rfx]sf] z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;+u ;DalGwt k|f=P;= Pn= ;L=
s_ k|df0fkq tx gl;{Ë, l8Knf]df Og s[lif, kz' lj1fg, jg / km'8 pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
6]Sgf]nf]hLsf]] sfo{qmdsf] nfluM u_ l8Knf]df Og afof]d]l8sn OlSjkd]06 OlGhlgol/Ë sfo{qmdsf
o; sfo{qmddf cfj]bg lbg] pDd]bjf/x?n] dfGotf k|fKt nflu
lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 clgjfo{ ul0ft, c+u|]hL / lj1fg ljifo lnO{ o; sfo{qmddf cfj]bg lbg] pDd]bjf/x?n] dfGotf k|fKt
P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/xsf] k/LIff sDtLdf l4tLo >]0fLdf lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 lj1fg ljifodf k|df0fkq tx jf bz hf]8 b'O{
pQL0f{ jf s'n k|fKtfÍdf $% k|ltzt c+s k|fKt u/L pQL0f{ sIff jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
3 4
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
^=! k|j]z k/LIffsf] ;"rgfM s_ kl/ifb\\ sd{rf/L÷k|lzIfs jf kl/jf/ cf/If0f sf]6f M kl/ifb\\sf k|To]s
kl/ifb, k=lg=sf= af6 ;+rfng x'g] o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]vLt cf+lus, ;fem]bf/L lzIf0f ;+:yfdf k|To]s sfo{qmddf ! l;6
z}lIfs sfo{qmddf k|j]z k/LIffaf6 k/LIffyL{ 5gf}6 u/L egf{ ug{sf kl/ifb\\sf sd{rf/L÷k|lzIfs tyf lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ sf]6f lgwf{/0f
nflu kl/ifb\, k=lg=sf=åf/f k|To]s jif{ /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfdf ul/Psf]5 . o; sf]6fdf cfj]bg kmf/d eg]{ kl/ifb\\ ;]jfdf sfo{/t
;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L cfj]bg kmf/fd dfu ul/g]5 . sd{rf/L÷k|lzIfsn] kl/ifb\ k|zf;g dxfzfvfaf6 k|dfl0ft ul/Psf]
;"rgf k|sflzt ePkl5 o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd ;Ssn kq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] sf]6fdf
of]Uotf k'u]sf k/LIffyL{x?n] cfkm"n] cWoog ug{ rfx]sf] kl/ifb\ k/LIffyL{ 5gf}6 ubf{;f]xL ;d"x aLr k|ltikwf{ u/fO{ 5gf}6 ul/g]5 .
cGtu{tsf pNn]lvt z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;xdlt k|fKt o; sf]6f cGt{ut cWoog ug]{ k/LIffyL{x?n] kl/ifb\\n] tf]s]
lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 kl/ifb\\åf/f lgwf{l/t cfj]bg kmf/fd vl/b u/L adf]lhdsf] z'Ns a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
cWoog ug{ rfx]sf] sfo{s|d / z}lIfs ;+:yf ;d]t pNn]v u/L v_ k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L= sf]6fM kl/ifb\\sf k|To]s cf+lus, ;fd"bflos,
tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq cfj]bg kmf/fd a'emfpg' kg]{5 . ;fem]bf/L / lghL :t/df ;+rflnt lzIf0f ;+:yfdf k|df0f kq tx
s_ o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd ;+rfng x'g] k"0f{ z'lNso / lgMz'Ns d]l8sn Nofa 6]Sgf]nf]hL sfo{qmd afx]s kl/ifb\\ jf lqe'jg
-alu{s[t_ 5fqj[lQsf] k|j]z k/LIff cGo k|j]z k/LIff eGbf cnUu} ljZjljBfno åf/f ;+rflnt k|f=P;= Pn= ;L= tyf P;=Pn=;L=
;+rfng u/L glthf k|sfzg ul/g]5 . k|fljlws wf/ plt0f{ k/LIffyL{x?sf nflu a'Fbf g+= ^ -s_ / -v_
dfly a'bfFdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg k"0f{ z'NsLo adf]hLd k|To]s sfo{qmddf !) k|ltzt sf]6f lgwf{/0f u/LPsf]5 .
k|j]z k/LIff cfj]bgsf] rfksf] cfwf/df cfjZos k/]df Ps eGbf o;/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] sf]6fdf k/LIffyL{ 5gf}6 ubf{;f]xL ;d"x lar
a9L l;km\6 / ldltdf ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 . k|ltikwf{ u/fO{ 5gf}6 ul/g]5 . of] sf]6fsf] ;L6 vfnL /xg uPdf
v_ o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd l8Knf]df Og afof]d]l8sn OlSjkd]06 ;f]xL sfo{qmdsf] k"0f{ z'NsLodf b/vf:t lbO{ k|j]z k/LIff pQL0f{
OlGhlgol/Ë sfo{qmdsf] k"0f{ z'NsLosf] k|j]z k/LIff 5'§} hf/L u/L ePsf k/LIffyL{x? dWo]jf6 of]Uotfqmdsf cfwf/df egf{ ul/g]5 .
;~rfng ul/g]5 . ;fy} o; sfo{qmdsf] jlu{s[t -lgMz'Ns_ u_ 5fqj[lt sf]6fM kl/ifb\sf cf+lus, ;fd'bflos tyf lghL :t/df
5fqj[lQ k/LIff ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . ;+rflnt lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df k|df0fkq tyf l8Knf]df txdf
u_ k|j]z k/LIffsf] cfj]bg kmf/fdx? kl/ifb\ k=lg=sf=af6 k|sflzt ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+Vof hlt;'s} ePtfklg b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g] u/L
;"rgf adf]lhdsf] ldlt / ;do leq alu{s[t -lgz'Ns_5fqj[lQ k|To]s sfo{qmddf !) k|ltzt 5fqj[lQ sf]6f lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
k/LIffyL{x?sf] cfj]bg kmf/dsf] xsdf kl/ifb\sf ;DjlGwt If]qLo
5fqj[lQsf] k|sf/ #) :jLs[t sf]6f $) :jLs[t sf]6f jf ;f] eGbf dfly
sfof{nox? tyf k"0f{z'lNso k/LIffyL{x?sf] cfj]bg kmf/dsf] xsdf jlu{s[t-lgMz'Ns_
;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfn] kl/ifb\af6 pknAw u/fOPsf] web based @ #
h]x]Gbf/ ! !
online application form e/L Submit u/L ;Sg'kg]{5 .
k/LIffyL{n] e/]sf] cfj]bg kmf/fd tf]lsPsf] ldlt / ;do leq
Online submit gePdf ;f] cfj]bg kmf/fd :jLs[t x'g] 5}g .
olb s'g} tf]lsPsf] sfo{qmdsf] cWofkg sfo{ ;+rfng gx'g]
cj:yf cfOk/]df o; adf]lhdsf] 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
^=@ k/LIffyL{ egf{ sf]6fM 3_ k|f=P;=Pn=;L= Nofa cl;:6]06 sf]6fM k|df0f kq tx
kl/ifb\\sf cf+l+us, ;fem]bf/L / lghL :t/df ;+rfngsf nflu d]l8sn Nofa 6]Sgf]nf]hL sfo{qmddf k|To]s ;+:yfdf %)Ü
:jLs[t k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df k"0f{ z'lNso afx]s tkl;n adf]lhd x'g] k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] l;6 ;+Vof Nofa cl;:6]06 sfo{qmd
u/L sf]6f cf/If0f ul/g]5 . ptL0f{ k/LIffyL{x?sf sf] nflu 5'§\ofOPsf] 5 .
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
5 6
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
ª_ a'Fbf ^=@ -3_ cg';f/sf] sf]6fsf] ;L6 vfnL /xg uPdf v_ o; 5fqj[lQsf nflu k|To]s lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] k|To]s
;f]xL sfo{qmdsf] ;fwf/0f ;d"xdf b/vf:t lbO{ k|j]z sfo{qmddf k"0f{ z'NsLo -v'Nnf, k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L= /
k/LIff pQL0f{ ePsf k/LIffyL{x? dWo]jf6 of]Uotfqmdsf P;=Pn=;L= -k|fljlws wf/_ tkm{ cfj]bg kmf/fd eg]{
cfwf/df egf{ ul/g]5 . k/LIffyL{x? lar dfq k|lt:kwf{ x'g]5 .
u_ o;/L k|bfg u/Lg] 5fqj[lQ klxnf] jif{ jf ;]d]i6/sf nflu dfq
:kli6s/0fM a'Fbf g+= ^=@ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kl/ifb\\sf
cf+lus, ;fem]bf/L / ;fd'bflos lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df pk/f]Qm nfu' x'g]5 . bf];|f] jif{ jf ;]d]i6/sf nflu cl3Nnf] aif{ jf
;]d]i6/df pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{ k/LIffyL{nfO{ k|bfg u/Lg]5 .
cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] sf]6f g36\g] u/L ;+rfns ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f
u/] adf]lhd sf]6f lgwf{/0f x'g]5 . o;/L 5fqj[lQ kfpg] ljBfyL{;Fu ;+:yfn] vfg] a:g] afx]s
cGo s'g} klg z'Ns lng kfpg] 5}g .
&= k|j]z k/LIffsf] cfj]bg kmf/fdsf lsl;dx?M k|j]z k/LIffsf] cfj]bg 3_ k|j]z k/LIff / aflif{s jf ;]d]i6/ k/LIffdf k|fKtfÍ j/fj/
kmf/fdx? lgDg jdf]lhd x'g]5g\ . ePsf] cj:yfdf cl3Nnf] z}lIfs nAwf+s kqsf] k|fKtfÍsf]
s_ k'0f{ z"NsLo -v'Nnf_ cfj]bg kmf/d–-cfsfz] /+u_ k|ltztnfO{ cfwf/dfgL 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ug'{kg]{ 5 .
v_ k|f= P;= Pn= ;L= -k'0f{ z"NsLo_ cfj]bg kmf/d–-xl/of] /+u_ ª_ 5fqj[lQdf 5gf}6 eO{ l;kmf/Lz ePsf k/LIffyL{x? s'g}
u_ jlu{s[t -lgMz'Ns_ 5fqj[lQ cfj]bg kmf/d– -/ftf] /+u_ sf/0fjz egf{ x'g guPdf jf egf{ eO{ /lhi6«]zg ug]{ ;do
3_ lgjf{x 5fqj[lQ cfj]bg kmf/d– -;]tf] /+u_ leq cWoog ug{ 5f8]df tTkZrftsf] pRrtd c+s k|fKt
ª_ kl/ifb\\ -kl/ifb\\sf] cf+lus, ;fd"bflos / ;fem]bf/L ;+:yfx?sf ug]{ csf]{ k/LIffL{nfO{ ;f] 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 . t/
nflu_ cfj]bg kmf/d–-;]tf] /+u_ /lhi6«]zg ug]{ Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5 5fqj[lQ kfPsf ljBfyL{n]
*= 5fqj[lQM g]kfnL gfufl/snfO{ o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd kl/ifb\\af6 lardf cWoog 5f8]df csf]{ ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g]
k|bfg ul/g] 5fqj[lQ lgDg lsl;dsf x'g]5g\ . 5}g .
s_ s'g} klg k/LIffyL{n] o; lgb]{lzsf jdf]hLdsf] z}lIfs r_ kl/ifb\\af6 5fqj[lQ k|fKt u/L cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{n] cWoog
sfo{s|d cWoogsf nflu kl/ifb\\ jf cGo ;/sf/L kZrft g]kfn ;/sf/n] rfx]df v6fPsf] :yfgdf uO{
lgsfoaf6 pknAw u/fOg] 5fqj[lQx? dWo] lghn] /f]h]sf] tf]lsPsf] ;do ;Dd ;]jf ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] sf nflu cfj]bg
Pp6f dfq 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{5 . kmf/fddf pNn]lvt sj'lnotgfd ug'{kg]{5 .
*=! h]x]Gbf/ -k'0f{ z"NsLo_ 5fqj[lQ 5_ pRrtd cÍ k|fKt u/L o; 5fqj[lQdf l;kmfl/z x'g]
s_ kl/ifb\\sf k|To]s cf+lus, ;fem]bf/L, ;fd"bflos ljBfno / k/LIffyL{ o;} lgb]{lzsf adf]lhdsf] jlu{s[t -lgMz'Ns_
lghL:t/df ;+rflnt lzIf0f ;+:yfdf k/LIffyL{ egf{sf nflu 5fqj[lQdf l;kmfl/z ePsf] kfOPdf lghnfO{ jlu{s[t -
;+rfng ul/g] k|j]z k/LIffdf k|To]s sfo{s|dsf] k"0f{ z'NsLo lgMz'Ns_ 5fqj[lQg} sfod u/L tt\ kZrftsf] pRrtd
-v'Nnf, k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L= / P;=Pn=;L= k|fljlws wf/_ c+s k|fKt ug]{ k/LIffyL{nfO{ ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfn]
sf]6faf6 pRrtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ Ps hgfnfO{ h]x]Gbf/ h]x]Gbf/ 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fO{ ;f] sf] hfgsf/L k=lg=sf=
5fqj[lQ k|bfg ug]{ u/L sf]6f lgwf{/0f ul/Psf]5 . nfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L
lzIf0f ;+:yfdf ljBfyL{x?sf] egf{ ;+Vof hlt;'s} ePtf klg h_ 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{ ljBfyL{n] k/LIffsf] dof{bf ljk/Lt jf
k|To]s sfo{qmddf h]x]Gbf/ 5fqj[lQ clgjfo{ ?kdf k|bfg ug'{ k|rlnt sfg"gn] b08lgo sfd u/]sf] 7x/ ePdf
kg]{5 . olb s'g} tf]lsPsf] sfo{qmdsf] cWofkg sfo{ ;+rfng 5fqj[lQsf] ;'ljwf :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .
gx'g] cj:yf cfOk/]df o; adf]lhdsf] 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g]
5}g .
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
7 8
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
em_ 5fqj[lQsf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/Psf d'Vo k/LIffyL{x?n] ul/g]5 . o;/L kg{ cfPsf] lgj]bgdf k/LIffyL{n] /f]h] adf]lhdsf
tf]lsPsf] lzIf0f ;+:yfdf uO{ !% lbg leq egf{ eO{ lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df k|j]z k/LIffsf] k|fKtfÍ cg';f/ of]Uotfqmdsf
;Sg'kg]{5 . pQm k/LIffyL{ tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq egf{ x'g cfwf/df 5fqj[lQdf l;kmfl/; ul/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfåf/f ;"lrt
guPdf of]Uotfqmd cg';f/ j}slNks ;"lrdf /x]sf cGo u/fOg]5 .
k/LIffyL{ egf{ ul/g]5 . !_ ;fwf/0f ;d'x M g]kfnsf] ;/sf/L jf ;fd"bflos ljBfnoaf6 k|j]lzsf
*=@ k"0f{ z'lNso -v'Nnf / k|f=P;=Pn=;L=_ cfj]bg kmf/fd ;fy k]z ug{' k/LIff, k|j]lzsf k/LIff -k|fljlws wf/_, kl/ifb\ tyf lqe'jg
kg]{ cfjZos sfuhftx?M ljZjljBfnosf cf+lus lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|fljlws k|j]lzsf k/LIff jf ;f]
s_ :ki6 d'vfs[tL b]lvg] xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf]] b'O{ k|lt ;/x pQL0f{ u/]sf nlIft tyf cGo ju{sf of]Uotf k'u]sf g]kfnL
kmf]6f] . -egf{ ePk5L ;f]xL cfs[ltsf] kmf]6f] kl/ifb\\ /lhi6«]zg gful/sx?nfO{ sfo{qmdfg';f/ lgMz'Ns -alu{s[t_ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg
kmf/fddf ;d]t 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 _ u/Lg]5 .
v_ P;=Pn=;L= jf k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ z}lIfs k|df0f @_ nlIft ju{ ;d'x M g]kfnsf] ;/sf/L jf ;fd"bflos ljBfnoaf6 k|j]lzsf
kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . k/LIff kl/ifb\ tyf lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf cf+lus lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
u_ gful/stf jf hGdbtf{sf] k|df0f kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . -k|j]z k|fljlws k|j]lzsf k/LIff jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ u/]sf tkl;nsf nlIft
k/LIffsf] ;dodf k]; ug{ g;s]df /lhi6«]zg kmf/fd eg]{ j]nf;Dd ju{sf g]kfnL gful/sx?nfO{ pNn]v eP jdf]lhdsf] k|ltztnfO{ ;t
k];ug'{ kg]{5_ k|ltzt sfod ul/ lgDg jdf]lhdsf] cf/lIft ul/Psf] k|ltztdf
3_ g]kfn afx]s cGo d'n'saf6 P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/xsf] k/LIff sfo{qmd cg';f/sf] l;6 ;+Vofdf lgMz'Ns -alu{s[t_ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg
pQL0f{ ug]{sf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] lgsfoåf/f ;dsIftf u/Lg]5 .
lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk . nlIft ju{ cf/lIft k|ltzt
*=# alu{s[t -lgMz'Ns_ 5fqj[lQM kl/ifb\\sf k|To]s cf+lus, ;fem]bf/L, c_ dlxnf @%k|ltzt
;fd"bflos ljBfno / lghL :t/df ;+rflnt lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df cf_ cflbjf;L–hghflt @% k|ltzt
k|j]z k/LIff ;+rfngsf] nflu :jLs[t kfPsf k|To]s sfo{qmddf O_ dw]zL !# k|ltzt
jlu{s[t 5fqj[lQsf] nflu lgw{fl/t s'n ;+VofnfO{ !)) k|ltzt O{_ blnt ( k|ltzt
sfod ul/ pQm ;+VofnfO{ %)–%) k|ltztdf ;fwf/0f / nlIft ju{ p_ ckfË @ k|ltzt
ul/ b'O{ ;d"xdf ljefhg ul/, g]kfnsf] ;/sf/L jf ;fd'bflos pm_ lk5l8Psf] b'u{d If]q $ k|ltzt
ljBfnoaf6 k|j]lzsf k/LIff k|j]lzsf k/LIff -k|fljlws wf/_ kl/ifb\ tyf P_ hgcfGbf]ng÷hgo"¢÷dw]zcfGbf]ng÷åGb kLl8t÷
lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf cf+lus lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|fljlws k|j]lzsf lj:yflkt÷a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQm / ;lxb kl/jf/
k/LIff jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ u/]sf g]kfnL gful/snfO{ a'Fbf g+= ^=@ -u_ tyf 3fOt] jf lghsf] kl/jf/ nflu % k|ltzt
df pNn]v eP jdf]lhdsf] ;+Vofdf lgMz'Ns 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g]5 . P]_ d'l:nd @ k|ltzt
o; 5fqj[lQsf] 5gf}6 tyf l;kmfl/zsf] k|s[of b'O{ r/0fdf x'g]5 . cf]_ k"j{ sd}of÷xn}of @ k|ltzt
klxnf] r/0fdf k|To]s ;d"x / ju{df x'g cfpg] hDdf 5fqj[lQ cf}_ cfly{s jf ;fdflhs ?kdf ljkGg !# k|ltzt
sf]6f cg';f/ of]Uotfqmdsf cfwf/df d'Vo tyf j}slNks -:kli6s/0fM k|df0fkq tx gl;{Ë sfo{qmddf a'bfF g+= *=# -@_ sf]
k/LIffyL{x?sf] glthf ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 . bf];|f] r/0fdf 5fqj[lQsf -c_ b]vL -cf}_ ju{sf dlxnf k/LIffyL{x?n] cfj]bg kmf/fddf dlxnf
nflu 5gf}6 ePsf d'Vo k/LIffyL{x?nfO{ lzIf0f ;:+yf ju{ elg pNnv] ug{ 5'6 eP tfklg lghx?nfO{ ;f]lx ju{sf] dflg
k|fyldlss/0f -/f]Hg_ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L u/L lgj]bg dfu cf/lIft k|ltztdf k|lt:kwf{ ul/g]5 .
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
9 10
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
-s_ o; 5fqj[lQsf nflu kl/ifb\af6 ;+rfng l:js[tL k|fKt gLlh :t/df kg]{5 . olb s'g} tf]lsPsf] sfo{qmdsf] cWofkg sfo{ ;+rfng gx'g]
;+rfnLt lzIf0f ;+:yfx?, kl/ifbsf cf+lus, ;fd"bflos / ;fem]bf/L cj:yf cfOk/]df o; adf]lhdsf] 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df b'j} ;d"xsf] nflu Pp6} cfj]bg kmf/fd e/L a'emfpg 3_ o; 5fqj[lQdf l;kmfl/z eO{ egf{ ePsf k/LIffyL{x?n] cfkm"
kg]{5 . nlIft ju{ ;d"xdf cfj]bg kmf/fd eg{ of]Uo k/LIffyL{ ;fwf/0f cWoog/t lzIf0f ;+:yfdf nfUg] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] z'Ns ltg'{
;d"xdf :jtM cfj]bs x'g]5 . o; 5fqj[lQdf cfj]bg eg]{ k/LIffyL{x?sf] kg]{ 5}g . cWoog cjlwe/ vfg] / a:g] Joj:yf eg] k/LIffyL{
s]lGb|o :t/df k|ltikwf{ x'g]5 . cfkm}+n] ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-v_ ;fwf/0f ;d"xsf] glthf k|sfzg ubf{ ;fwf/0f ;d"x jf nlIft ª_ kl/ifb\\af6 5fqj[lQ k|fKt u/L cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{n] cWoog
ju{df cfj]bg e/L k|j]z k/LIff lbPsf k/LIffyL{x? lar kZrft g]kfn ;/sf/n] rfx]df v6fPsf] :yfgdf uO{ tf]lsPsf]
sfo{qmdfg';f/ k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ of]Uotfqmd cg';f/ qmdzM pRrtd ;do ;Dd ;]jf ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f]sf] nflu cfj]bsn] cfj]bg
c+s k|fKt ug]{ k/LIffyL{x?nfO{ lghn]] lgj]bgdf k|fyldsLs/0f kmf/fddf pNn]lvt sj'lnotgfdf ug'{kg]{5 .
u/]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yfdf 5fqj[lQsf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/g]5 . olb r_ 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{ ljBfyL{x?n] k/LIffsf] dof{bf ljkl/t jf k|rlnt
lghn] /f]h]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yfdf sf]6f ck'u x'g uPdf cGo lzIf0f sfg"gn] b08lgo sfd u/]sf] 7x/ ePdf pQm ljBfyL{{sf]
;+:yfdf 5fqj[lQsf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/g]5 . 5fqj[lQsf] ;'ljwf :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .
-u_ nlIft ju{ ;d"xsf] glthf k|sfzg ubf{ Ps jf ;f] eGbf al9 5_ s'g} klg k/LIffyL{n] o; jdf]hLdsf] z}IfLs sfo{s|d cWoogsf
nlIft ju{df cfj]bg kmf/fd e/L k|j]z k/LIff lbg] k/LIffyL{x? nflu kl/ifb\\ jf cGo ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 pknAw u/fOg]
lar a'bfF g+= *=# -@_ sf] -c_ b]vL -cf}_ ;Dd qmdfg';f/sf nlIft 5fqj[lQx? dWo] lghn] /f]h]sf] Pp6f dfq 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{5 .
ju{nfO{ sfo{qmd cg';f/ k|To]s ju{df k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ of]Uotfqmd h_ 5fqj[lQsf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/Psf d'Vo k/LIffyL{x?n] glthf
cg';f/ qmdzM pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{ d'Vo, j}slNks tyf plt0f{ k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfdf egf{
;"lr -Cutoff List_ df /x]sf k/LIffyL{x?sf] gfdfjnL k|sflzt eO{ ;Sg'kg]{5 .
u/Lg]5 . o;/L gfdfjnL k|sflzt eP kZrft d'Vo pd]b\jf/df em_ a'Fbf g+= *=@= -h_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq l;kmf/L;
/x]sf k/LIffyL{x?af6 kl/ifb\ ;+u ;DjGwg k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df ul/Psf] k/LIffyL{ egf{ x'g gcfO{ 5fqj[lQsf] l;6 l/Qm /xg cfPdf
/LSt /xg cfpg] lgMz'Ns -alu{s[t_ 5fqj[lQsf] sf]6fx?sf] ljj/0f ;f] sf] hfgsf/L kl/ifb\, k=lg=sf= nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf lnlvt
k|sflzt u/L tL dWo] s'g lzIf0f ;+:yfdf cWoog ug]{ xf] d'Vo hfgsf/L # lbg leq u/fO{ h'g sfo{qmd Pj+ h'g nlIft ju{df
pd]b\jf/x?af6 k|fyldlss/0f ug{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfjf6 hfgsf/L sf]6f l/Qm ePsf] xf] ;f]xL lzIf0f ;+:yfn] nlIft ju{ / z}lIfs
u/fO k=lg=sf af6 tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf k|fyldlss/0fsf] lgj]bg nLO{ sfo{qmd pNn]v u/L ;f] nlIft ju{nfO{ :ki6 hfgsf/L x'g] u/L
of]Uotfs|dsf] cfwf/df lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df 5fqj[lQsf nflu clgjfo{ ?kdf uf]/vfkq /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfdf sDtLdf & lbgsf]
l;kmf/Lz ul/g]5 . o;/L l;kmf/Lz ul/Psf] jf/]sf] ;"rgf /fli6«o Dofb lbO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L j}slNks Pj+ ptL0f{ ;"lr
b}lgs klqsfdf k|sflzt u/Lg]5 . a'Fbf g+= *=# -@_ df cf/If0f -Cutoff List_ df /x]sf k/LIffyL{x?af6 lgj]bg dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
ul/Psf] s'g}] ju{s]f sf]6fdf l;6 l/Qm x'g cfPdf j'Fbf g+= *=# -@_ o;/L k|fKt x'g cfpg] lgj]bgx? lzIf0f ;+:yfn] 5'§} btf{ sfod
sf] -c_ b]lv -cf}_ ;Ddsf nlIft ju{ dWo] of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df ug'{kg]{5 . o;/L btf{ x'g cfPsf dWo] ;f] ju{ / sfo{qmddf
pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{ k/LIffyL{nfO{ 5fqj[lQsf] nflu l;kmfl/z pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{ k/LIffyL{nfO{ pQm 5fqj[lQ k|bfg u/L ;f]
ul/g]5 . sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L k=lg=sf=df u/fpg' kg]{5 . pQm k|s[ofaf6
lzIf0f ;+:yfdf ljBfyL{x?sf] egf{ ;+Vof hlt;'s} ePtfklg k|To]s egf{ ul/Psf ljBfyL{x?sf] ljj/0f -b}lgs klqsfdf k|sflzt
sfo{qmddf lgMz'Ns -alu{s[t_ 5fqj[lQ clgjfo{ ?kdf k|bfg ug'{ ;"rgf, btf{ sfod x'g cfPsf k/LIffyL{x?sf] btf{sf] k|dfl0ft
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
11 12
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
ljj/0f, k/LIffyL{ 5gf}6sf] ljj/0f_ /lhi6«]zgsf] ;dodf k]; qmddf j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQm tyf ;lxb kl/jf/÷hg–cfGbf]ng
ug'{kg]{5 . 3fOt] kl/jf/÷4GbkLl8t÷lj:yflkt xf] egL ;DalGwt lhNnf
`_ 5fqj[lQ kfpg] dg;fon] gSsnL sfuhkqx? k]z u/L alu{s[t k|zf;g sfof{non] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft
5fqj[lQ kfPsf] 7x/ ePdf h'g;'s} cj:yfdf kl/ifb\\, k=lg=sf= n] k|ltlnkL .
/lhi6«]zg vf/]h u/L lgh pk/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sfjf{xLsf h_ ckfËsf] xsdf /fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 jf ;DjlGwt lhNnf
nflu l;kmf/Lz ug]{5 . To:tf k/LIffyL{nfO{ kl/ifb\\af6 ;+rfng x'g] k|zf;g sfof{non] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft
s'g} klg lsl;dsf] k/LIffdf % aif{ ;Dd ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5}g . k|ltlnkL .
em_ k"j{ sd}of÷xn}ofx?n] ;DjlGwt lhNnf e"ld ;'wf/ sfof{non]
*=$ alu{s[t -lgMz'Ns_ 5fqj[lQsf nflu cfj]bg ;fy k]z ug{' kg]{ hf/L u/]sf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL .
cfjZos sfuhftx?M `_ ljkGg ju{sf] xsdf ;DjlGwt ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf
s_ g]kfnL gful/s xf] egL k|dfl0ft x'g] gfu/Lstf jf gfjfnLu gu/kflnsf ePdf ;DalGwt j8f sfof{non] k|dfl0ft
jf hGd btf{sf] k|df0fkq jf cGo s'g} k|df0fkqsf]] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL .
k|ltlnlk -pNn]lvt sfuhft egf{sf] ;dodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5, 6_ :ki6 d'vfs[tL b]lvg] xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf]] @
k]z gu/]df 5fqj[lQ l;kmfl/z /2 eO{ egf{ ul/g]5}g_ k|lt kmf]6f] .
v_ ;/sf/L jf ;fd"bflos ljBfno, kl/ifb\\ / lqe'jg ljZj 7_ P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ z}lIfs k|df0f kqsf] k|dfl0ft
ljBfnosf] cf+lus lzIf0f ;+:yf xf] egL ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] k|ltlnkL .
lhNnf lzIff sfof{no jf ;DalGwt ljBfno, kl/ifb\\ lzIffno 8_ kmf/fd;fy k]z ug'{kg]{ k|df0fkqx? k/LIffyL{ :j+odn] k|dfl0ft
/ lqe'jg ljZj ljBfnon] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] kqsf] k|dfl0ft u/L ;"rL agfO{ k]; ug'{kg]{5 . cfj]bg kmf/fddf pNn]v
k|ltlnkL . ug'{kg]{ s'/f pNn]v gug]{ / cfjZos sfuhft k]z gug]{
u_ blntn] /fli6«o blnt cfof]u jf ;DjlGwt lhNnf k|zf;g k/LIffyL{x?sf] kmf/fd :jtM /2 x'g]5 .
sfof{nojf6 k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL .
3_ dw]zL÷ d';ndfgx?n] ;DjlGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] *=% lgjf{x 5fqj[lQ M cg';"rL ! df pNn]v ul/Psf lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df k"0f{
k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . z'Nsdf cWoogsf nflu k|j]z k/LIffdf ;fd]n eO{ egf{ ePsfx? dWo]
ª_ cflbjf;L–hghfltx?n] cflbjf;L–hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o g]kfnsf ;/sf/L jf ;fd'bflos ljBfno, kl/ifb\ / lqe'jg
k|lti7fg jf ;DjlGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] k|dfl0ft ljZjljBfnosf cf+lus lzIf0f ;+:yfx? af6 qmdzM k|j]lzsf k/LIff,
ul/lbPsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . k|j]lzsf k/LIff -k|fljlws wf/_, k|fljlws k|j]lzsf k/LIff jf ;f] ;/x
r_ lk5l8Psf] b'u{d If]qsf nflu c5fd, sflnsf]6, hfh/sf]6, pQL0f{ tkl;nsf k|To]s ju{sf g]kfnL gful/sx? dWo]af6 k|j]z
h'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, aemfË, afh'/f, d'u' / x'Dnf lhNnfaf6 g} P;= k/LIffdf k|fKt u/]sf] k|fKtfÍsf] of]Uotfqmdsf cfwf/df b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
Pn=;L=pQL0f{ u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf :yfoL a;f]af; ;+Vofdf k|lt ljBfyL{ dfl;s ?=%))).– -cIf?kL ?= kf+r xhf/ dfq_
u/]sf] :yflgo k~hLsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{non] hf/L u/]sf] sf b/n] lgjf{x :j?k 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g]5 . of] 5fqj[lQ kfpg]
k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . k/LIffyL{n] kl/ifb\\ tyf ;+jlGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfdf nfGg] ;Dk"0f{ z'Ns
5_ a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQm / ;lxb kl/jf/ tyf 3fOt] jf lghsf] j'emfpg'kg]{5 .
kl/jf/n] ljqmd ;Djt @)^@.^# sf] hgcfGbf]ng, hgo'4
dw]z cfGbf]ng nufot d'n's leq ePsf ;j} cfGbf]ngsf]
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
13 14
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
tkl;n ljifo pQL{0f gug]{ ljBfyL{x?sf] xsdf k|fKt u/]sf] 5fqj[lQ
l;=g+= nlIft ju{ sf]6f ;+Vof /f]Ssf ul/g] 5 .
dlxnf 9 ª_ kl/ifb\\af6 5fqj[lQ k|fKt u/L cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{n] cWoog
! -o; sf]6fdf Psn dlxnfnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbOg]5_ kZrft g]kfn ;/sf/n] rfx]df v6fPsf] :yfgdf uO{ tf]lsPsf]
@ cflbjf;L/ hghflt 8 ;do ;Dd ;]jf ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f]sf nflu cfj]bg kmf/fddf
pNn]lvt sj'lnotgfdf ug'{kg]{5 .
# dw]zL÷d';ndfg 7 r_ o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd cGo 5fqj[lQdf l;kmfl/z ePsf
$ blnt 7 k/LIffyL{x?nfO{ o; 5fqj[lQdf ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5}g .
% ckf+u 6 5_ 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{ ljBfyL{x?n] k/LIffsf] dof{bf ljk/Lt jf
^ lk5l8Psf] b"u{d If]q 10 k|rlnt sfg"gn] b08lgo sfd u/]sf] 7x/ ePdf pQm
ljBfyL{{sf] 5fqj[lQsf] ;'ljwf :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .
& j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQm tyf ;xLb kl/jf/ 6 h_ lgjf{x 5fqj[lQ kfpg] dg;fon] gSsnL sfuhkqx? k]z u/L
* hgcfGbf]ng÷hgo"¢÷dw]z cfGbf]ng 3fOt] kl/jf//åGb 9 lgjf{x 5fqj[lQ kfPsf] 7x/ ePdf h'g;'s} cj:yfdf kl/ifb\\n]
lkl8t÷ lj:yflkt /lhi6«]zg vf/]h u/L lgh pk/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
( k"j{ sd}of/xn}of 4 sfjf{xL ul/g]5 . To:tf k/LIffyL{nfO{ kl/ifb\\af6 ;+rfng x'g]
!) ljkGg 9 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] k/LIffdf % aif{ ;Dd ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5}g .
em_ lgjf{x 5fqj[lQdf l;kmfl/z eO{ cWoog/t ljBfyL{x?sf]
hDdf 75 5fqj[lQsf] /sd e'QmfgLsf nflu ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfn]
s_ pNn]lvt nlIft ju{ ;d"xsf] glthf k|sfzg ubf{ Ps jf ;f] cWoog/t ljBfyL{sf] gfddf /f=af=a}+sdf vf]lnPsf] vftf g+=
eGbf al9 nlIft ju{df cfj]bg kmf/fd e/]sf k/LIffyL{x? aLr pNn]v u/L k=lg=sf= af6 5fqj[lQsf nflu ul/Psf]
a'bfF g+= *=% sf] l;=g+= ! b]vL !) ;Dd qmdfg';f/sf nlIft l;kmfl/zsf] k|ltlnkL ;lxtsf] ljj/0f 5gf}6 ePsf] Ps dlxgf
ju{nfO{ k|To]s ju{df k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ of]Uotfqmd cg';f/ leq kl/ifb\\, n]vf zfvfdf clgjfo{ ?kn] k7fpg' kg]{5 .
qmdzM pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{ k/LIffyL{x?nfO{ 5fqj[lQsf
nflu l;kmfl/z ul/g]5 . *=^ lgjf{x 5fqj[lQsf] nflu cfj]bg ;fy k]z ug{' kg]{ cfjZos
v_ lgjf{x 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd cGt{ut nlIft ju{nfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] sfuhftx?M
lgwf{l/t sf]6fdf s'g} ju{df ljBfyL{ ;+Vof ck'u eO{ sf]6f s_ ;/sf/L jf ;fd"bflos ljBfno, kl/ifb\\ / lqe'jg ljZj
l/Qm x'g cfPdf ;j} nlIft ju{sf ljBfyL{x? dWo]af6 pRrtd ljBfnosf] cf+lus lzIf0f ;+:yf xf] egL ;DalGwt lhNnfsf]
k|fKtfÍsf] cfwf/df l/Qm sf]6fx?df 5fqj[lQsf nflu l;kmfl/z lhNnf lzIff sfof{no jf ;DalGwt ljBfno, kl/ifb\\
ul/g]5 . pk/f]Qm k|s[ofaf6 klg sf]6fx? l/Qm x'g cfPdf lzIffno / lqe'jg ljZj ljBfnon] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] ;Ssn}
k/LIff ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o eP jdf]lhd x'g]5 . kq .
u_ ;/sf/L jf ;fd"bflos ljBfnox?af6 P;=Pn=;L= pQL0f{, v_ ljqmd ;Djt @)^@.^# sf] hgcfGbf]ng, hgo'4, dw]z
kl/ifb\\ / lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf cf+lus lzIffnoaf6 cfGbf]ng nufot d'n's leq ePsf ;j} cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf
;DalGwt ljifodf k|f=P;=Pn=;L= pQL0f{ k/LIffyL{x?n] dfq j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQm tyf ;lxb kl/jf/sf] xsdf ;DalGwt
o; adf]lhdsf] 5fqj[lQdf kmf/fd eg{ kfpg] 5g\ . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] k|df0f kqsf]
3_ 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{ k/LIffyL{x?n] jflif{s÷;]d]i6/ k/LIffdf k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL .
slDtdf %)% ljifox? pQL{0f u/]sf] xg' kg]{ 5 . %)%
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
15 16
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
u_ hg–cfGbf]ng 3fOt] kl/jf/÷åGåkLl8t÷lj:yflktsf] xsdf 0f_ kmf/fd;fy k]; ug'{kg]{ k|df0fkqx? k/LIffyL{ :j+odn] k|dfl0ft
;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] k|df0f u/L ;"rL agfO{ k]; ug'{kg]{5 . cfj]bg kmf/fddf pNn]v ug'{kg]{
kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . s'/f pNn]v gug]{ / cfjZos sfuhft k]; gug]{ k/LIffyL{sf]
3_ Psn dlxnfsf] xsdf :yflgo kl~hsflwsf/L sfof{non] kmf/fd /2 x'g]5 .
hf/L u/]sf] k|df0f kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . pNn]lvt sfhhftx? k]; gu/]df lgjf{x 5fqj[lQsf] k|lt:kwf{df
ª_ ckfËsf] xsdf /fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 jf ;DjlGwt lhNnf ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5}g
k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 k|dfl0ft u/]sf] k|df0f kqsf] k|dfl0ft (= lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ egf{ ;DaGwL lgb]{zgM
k|ltlnkL . s_ kl/ifbsf z}lIfs sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ k|To]s lzIf0f ;+:yfn]
r_ blntsf] xsdf /fli6«o blnt cfof]u jf ;DjlGwt lhNnf cfkm'n] kl/ifbaf6 ;+rfng l:js[tL k|fKt u/]sf k|To]s
k|zf;g sfof{nojf6 k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] blnt k|df0fkqsf] z}lIfs sfo{s|dsf] s'n ;L6 ;+Vof, nfUg] z'Ns k|To]s
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk . 5fqj[lQsf] ls;Ld, ;f] jfkt k|fKt x'g] ;'ljwf, ;L6 ;+Vof,
5_ cflbjf;L–hghfltsf xsdf cflbjf;L–hghflt pTyfg 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug{ ckgfpg' kg]{ k|s[of / k]z ug{'kg]{
cfjZos sfuhftx?sf] ;"lr slDtdf *'x$' ;fOhsf]
/fli6«o k|lti7fg jf ;DjlGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ;fO{g af]8{df pNN]fv u/L ;DjlGwt ;j}nfO{ hfgsf/L x'g]u/L
k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] xftf leq /fVg' kg]{5 .
h_ dw]zL÷d';ndfgsf] xsdf ;DjlGwt lhNnf k|zf;g v_ kmf/fd;fy k]z ug'{kg]{ cfjZos k|df0f, sfuhftx?
sfof{noaf6 k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k/LIffyL{ :j+odn] k|dfl0ft u/L ;"rL agfO{ k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
k|ltlnkL . pQm kmf/fd / kmf/fd ;fy ;+nUg sfuhftx? l7s eP
em_ k"j{ sd}of÷xn}ofsf] xsdf ;DjlGwt lhNnf e"ld ;'wf/ gePsf] ?h' u/L] :jLs[t Pj+ k|dfl0ft ug]{ / kmf/fd ;fy
sfof{non] hf/L u/]sf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . ;+nUg sfuhftx?sf] ;"rL k|dfl0ft u/L k/LIffyL{nfO{
`_ ljkGgsf] xsdf ;DjlGwt ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf pknAw u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] k|frfo{
gu/kflnsfaf6 k|dfl0ft u/]sf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[t sd{rf/Lsf] x'g]5 . k]z x'g
k|ltlnkL . cfPsf] ljj/0f km/s kg{ uPdf ;f]sf] lhDd]jf/ ;DalGwt
6_ lk5l8Psf] b'u{d If]qsf] xsdf c5fd, sflnsf]6, hfh/sf]6, lzIf0f ;+:yfsf k|frfo{ x'g' kg]{5 .
h'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, aemfË, afh'/f, d'u' / x'Dnf lhNnfaf6 g} P;= u_ k|j]z k/LIff pQL0f{ eO{ egf{sf nflu l;kmf/Lz ul/Psf
Pn= ;L= pQL0f{ u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf :yfoL a;f]af; k/LIffyL{x?nfO{ egf{ ug'{ k"j{ ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfn]
u/]sf] :yflgo k~hLsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nosf] k|df0fkqsf] egf{sf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/Psf k/LIffyL{ k]zfut ;+:yf
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . (Professional Council) x?sf] k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf]
7_ :ki6 d'vfs[tL b]lvg] xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf]] dfkb08 cg';f/ dfgl;s tyf zfl//Ls ?kdf of]Uo eP
ltg k|lt kmf]6f] . -egf{ ePk5L ;f]xL cfs[ltsf] kmf]6f] kl/ifb\\ gePsf] lj1af6 k/LIf0f u/fO{ of]Uo k/LIffyL{nfO{ dfq egf{
/lhi6«]zg kmf/fddf ;d]t 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 _ ug]{ lhDDf]jf/L ;DjlGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] x'g]5 . of]Uo
8_ P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ z}lIfs k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k/LIffyL{sf] l;kmfl/z kq /lhi6«]zgsf] ;dodf k/LIff
k|ltlnkL . lgoGq0f sfof{nodf k]z ug{'kg]{5 . o;/L l;kmfl/z ul/Psf
9_ g]kfnL gful/s xf] egL k|dfl0ft x'g] gfu/Lstf jf gfjflns jf k/LIffyL{ dfgl;s tyf zfl//Ls ?kdf cof]Uo 7x/ eO{ l;6
hGd btf{sf] k|df0fkq jf cGo s'g} k|df0fkqsf]] k|dfl0ft l/Qm x'g cfPdf a}slNks k/LIffyL{nfO{ of]Uotfqmd cg';f/
k|ltlnlk . egf{ ug'{kg]{5 .
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
17 18
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
3_ h]x]Gbf/ / jlu{s[t -lgMz'Ns_ 5fqj[lQ kfpg] ljBfyL{;Fu sfo{qmdsf nflu h'g;'s} sfo{qmddf lgb]{lzsfn] tf]s]sf]
;+:yfn] vfg] a:g] afx]s cGo s'g} klg z'Ns lng kfpg] z}lIfs of]Uotf k'uL k|j]z k/LIff pQL0f{ eO{ a}slNks
5}g . ;f] ljkl/t /sd cz'n u/]sf] kfOPdf kl/ifb\\sf] P]g, tyf plt0f{ ;"lr -Cutoff_ df k/]sf k/LIffyL{x?n]
lgod tyf ljlgod adf]lhd pQm lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ sf/jfxL plt0f{ ePsf] k|df0f ;lxt cGo lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] l;6
x'g]5 . l/Qm /x]sf] z}lIfs sfo{qmddf egf{sf nflu lgj]bg btf{
ª_ k"0f{ z'lNso -v'Nnf, k|f=P;=Pn=;L= / P;=Pn=;L= k|fljlws u/fpg kfpg]5g\ . o;/L l/Qm /x]sf] l;6df egf{ lngsf
wf/_ sf]6fdf egf{sf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/Psf d'Vo nflu l;6 l/Qm /x]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yfn] aF'bf g+= ( -ª_ sf]
k/LIffyL{x?nfO{ ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfn] l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] k|s[of cg';f/ ;fj{hgLs ;"rgf hf/L u/]/ dfq egf{
ldltn] !% lbg leq egf{ u/fO{ ;Sg'kg]{5 . tf]lsPsf] Dofb ug{' kg]{5 .
leq d'Vo k/LIffyL{ egf{ x'g gcfPdf ;f] ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt cf_ pk/f]Qm cg';f/ btf{ x'g cfPsf lgj]bgx? lzIf0f
sfo{qmdsf] j}slNks ;"lrdf /x]sf k/LIffyL{nfO{ hfgsf/L ;+:yfsf] d"n btf{ lstfadf btf{ u/L clGtd ldlt;Dd
x'g] u/L ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfn] k|df0fkq tx gl;{Ë, btf{ x'g cfPsf dWo]af6 k|j]z k/LIffdf k|fKt u/]sf]
cKyflNds ;fOG;, l8Knf]df Og kmfd]{;L / km/]i6«L k|fKtfÍsf] of]Uotfqmd cg';f/ l/Qm l;6x?df k/LIffyL{
sfo{qmdsf xsdf /fli6«o :t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf / cGo egf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
sfo{qmdsf] xsdf lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf slDtdf & O_ pNn]lvt k|s[of ckgfO{ egf{ ul/Psf k/LIffyL{x?sf]
lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 . kl/ifb\\ /lhi6«]zg u/fpFbf dfyL k|s[ofdf pNn]lvt
;f]lx Joxf]/fsf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] d"n ;"rgf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhftx? -/fli6«o b}lgs klqsfdf ;fj{hlgs
kf6L / ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / lhNnf lzIff ul/Psf] ;"rgfsf] ;Ssn k|lt, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no,
sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf ;d]t clgjfo{ ?kdf 6fF; ug'{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodf ;"rgf 6fF; u/]sf] k|dfl0ft
kg]{5 . ;Ssn kq, lgj]bg btf{ tyf of]Uotf qmdsf] ;"rLsf]
pk/f]Qm cg';f/ btf{ x'g cfPsf lgj]bgx? k|ltlnkL_ clgjfo{ ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L k|s[of /
lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] d"n btf{ lstfadf btf{ u/L clGtd sfuhft gk'uL cfPsf] k/LIffyL{sf] egf{ :jtM /¢
ldlt;Dd btf{ x'g cfPsf j}sNkLs pDd]bjf/ dWo]af6 x'g]5 .
of]Uotfqmd cg';f/ l/Qm l;6x?df k/LIffyL{ egf{ ug'{ r_ k|df0fkq tx gl;{Ë sfo{qmddf k|j]z k/LIff lbO{ pQL0f{
kg]{5 . k/LIffyL{n] k|j]z k/LIff plt0f{ ePsf] k|df0f ;lxt cGo lzIf0f
pNn]lvt k|s[of ckgfpbf klg k/LIffyL{ egf{ ;+:yfdf l/Qm /x]sf] sfo{qmdsf] l;6df egf{sf nflu lgj]bg
geO{ sf]6f l/Qm x'g cfPdf ;f] sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L btf{ u/fpg kfpg]5g\ . t/ cGo sfo{qmdaf6 k|j]z k/LIff
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nonfO{ u/fO{ l/Qm /xg cfpg] k|To]s pQL0f{ ePsf k/LIffyL{x?n] eg] k|df0fkq tx gl;{Ë
z}lIfs sfo{qmdsf] l;6df lgDg k|s[of ckgfO egf{ ug{' sfo{qmddf lgj]bg lbg kfpg] 5}gg\ .
kg]{5 . 5_ lzIf0f ;+:yfn] egf{sf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/Psf k"0f{ z'lNso -
c_ l/Qm l;6 ;+Vof pNn]v u/L k=lg=sf=åf/f ;f]xL z}lIfs v'Nnf / k|f=P;=Pn=;L_ tyf lgjf{x 5fqj[lQ tkm{sf
;qsf nflu lnOPsf] k|j]z k/LIffdf k|df0fkq tx gl;{Ë k/LIffyL{x?;+u kl/ifb\\n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] z'Ns dfq lng' kg]{5 .
sfo{qmd nflu gl;{Ë sfo{qmddf k|j]z k/LIff pQL0f{ t/ ljb]zL k/LIffyL{sf] xsdf ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfsf]
u/]sfx? dWo]af6 / ;f] afx]ssf cGo z}lIfs ;+rfns ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
19 20
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
h_ egf{sf] ;dodf ;Ssn k|df0fkq ?h" ubf{ s'g} ljj/0f km/s ª_ cfj]bg kmf/fd;fy k]; ug'{kg]{ cfjZos sfuhftx?
x'g uPdf jf em'6f] ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf k/LIffyL{ :jo+n] k|dfl0ft u/L ;"rL agfO{ k]; ug'{kg]{5 .
k/LIffyL{nfO{ ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfn] egf{ u/fpg] 5}g . egf{ pQm ;+nUg sfuhftx?sf] ;"rL ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfsf
ePsf] eP klg s'g} klg ;dodf egf{ /2 ul/g] 5 . k|frfo{af6 k|dfl0ft u/fO /fVg'kg]{5 .
r_ k/LIffyL{n] k|j]z k/LIff lbg] a]nfdf k/LIffyL{nfO{ pknAw
!)= k|j]z k/LIffM u/fOg] pQ/k'l:tsfsf] lgb]{zgnfO{ k/LIffyL{n] k'0f{ ?kdf
s_ cfj]bg kmf/fd ;fy of] lgb]{lzsf lgMz'Ns pknJw x'g]5 . kfngf ug'{kg]{5 .
v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmdsf] cfwf/df 5_ s'g} klg k/LIffyL{n] o; adf]hLdsf] z}lIfs sfo{s|d
clgjfo{ c+u|]hL–#), ul0ft–#% / lj1fg–#% u/L hDdf cWoogsf nflu kl/ifb\\ jf cGo ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6
!)) k"0ff{Ísf] a:t'ut ax' pQ/ k|0ffnLsf] k|j]z k/LIff pknAw u/fOg] 5fqj[lQx? dWo] lghn] /f]h]sf] klxnf]
x'g]5 . ;f] sf] plQ0ff{Ë #% k|ltzt x'g]5 . gd"gf k|Zgkq Pp6f dfq 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g]5 .
cg';"lr @ df lbOPsf]5 . h_ k|j]z k/LIffdf gSsnL sfuhkqx? k]z u/L jf gSsnL
u_ k/LIffsf] ;do hDdf @ 306f #) ldg]6sf] x'g]5 . k/LIffyL{ agL k/LIff lbOPsf] kfOPdf / To:tf
k/LIffyL{nfO{ / gSsnL k/LIffyL{sf] ?kdf k/LIff lbg]
!!= cfj]bg kmf/fd btf{ ug]{ k/LIffyL{n] Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx?M JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sfjf{xLsf nflu
s_ cfj]bg kmf/fd ebf{ ;a} s'/f :ki6;+u a'em]/ dfq eg'{ ;DalGwt lgsfodf l;kmfl/z ul/g]5 . kl/ifb\\af6 ;+rfng
kb{5 . kmf/fd eg{sf nflu cfjZos ;Dk'0f{ hfgsf/L o;} x'g] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] k/LIffdf % aif{ ;Dd ;dfj]z
lgb]{lzsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . c? yk hfgsf/L u/fOg] 5}g .
cfjZos ePdf kl/ifb\\ jf kl/ifb\\n] tf]s]sf] kmf/fd
a'´fpg] lzIf0f ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ /fVg' kg]{5 . !@= 5gf}6sf] cfwf/M
v_ kl/ifb\sf cf+lus lzIffnox?sf] xsdf lgb]{lzsfdf :ki6 s_ lzIf0f ;+:yf tyf z}lIfs sfo{qmd cg';f/ k"0f{ z'NsLo
ls6fg ePsf]df ;f]xL jdf]lhd tyf cGoyfsf] xsdf k|j]z k/LIffdf pQL0f{ u/]sf] k|fKtfÍsf] of]Uotfqmdsf]
lzIffno ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o kl/ifb\ sfof{nojf6 cfwf/df egf{sf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/g]5 . t/ jlu{s[t
cg'df]bg u/fP jdf]lhd x'g] ePsf]n] ;f]lx lzIffnodf -lgMz'Ns_ tyf lgjf{x 5fqj[lQ xsdf a'bfF g+= *=# / *=%
;Dks{ u/L a'em\g' kg]{5 . jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
u_ k/LIffyL{n] h'g lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 cfj]bg kmf/fd e/]s]f xf] v_ k|j]z k/LIffsf] k|fKtfÍ a/fa/ ePsf b'O{ eGbf a9L
;f]xL lzIf0f ;+:yfsf nflu tf]lsPsf] k/LIff s]Gb|df uO{ cfj]bssf] xsdf k|fKtfÍsf] bzdnj kl5sf] b'O{eGbf a9L
k/LIff lbg' kg]{5 . cÍ u0fgf u/L To;df h;sf] cÍ a9L x'G5 p;sf] gfd
3_ k=lg=sf= af6 lnOPsf] k|j]z k/LIff pQL0f{ eO{ egf{sf k|sflzt ul/g]5 . o;f] ubf{ klg k|fKtfÍ a/fa/ ePdf
nflu l;kmfl/z ul/Psf k/LIffyL{x?n] tf]lsPsf] ldlt leq P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] k|fKtfÍ k|ltztnfO{ cfwf/ dflg
;DjlGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfdf uO{ egf{ x'g' kg]{5 . Dofb glthf k|sflzt ul/g]5 . P;=Pn=;L=sf] k|fKtfÍ k|ltzt
;dfKt ePkl5 egf{ x'g kfOg] 5}g . klg a/fa/ ePdf P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] qmdzM clgjfo{
ul0ft, lj1fg / c+u|]hLsf] k|fKtfÍnfO{ cfwf/ dflgg] 5 .

l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
21 22
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
u_ 5fqj[lQsf] xsdf g]kfnL gful/s xf] egL k|dfl0ft x'g] gfu/Lstf jf
!#= k/LIffyL{n] lzIf0f ;+:yfdf egf{sf ;dodf k]z ug'{kg]{ cfjZos gfjflns jf hGd btf{sf] k|df0fkq jf cGo s'g} k|df0f kqsf]]
sfuhftx?M k"0f{ z'lNso -v'Nnf / k|f=P;=Pn=;L _ tyf 5fqj[lQ tkm{ k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk .
egf{sf nflu l;kmfl/z ul/Psf k/LIffyL{x?n] tf]lsPsf] ldlt /
;doleq lgDg sfuhft lnO{ egf{sf nflu ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfdf !%= k|j]z k/LIff Pj+ cGo z"NsM
pkl:yt eO{ egf{ x'g' kg]{5M kl/ifb\;+u ;DjlGwt lgDg z'Nsx? ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] k|f=lz=tyf
s_ k"0f{ z'lNso -v'Nnf / k|f=P;=Pn=;L_ tkm{ egf{sf nflu P;=Pn=;L= Jof=tf=kl/ifb\\sf] gfddf /f=jf= j}+s ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/df /x]sf]
jf ;f] ;/xsf] k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf] nAwfÍ, rfl/lqs k|df0fkqsf] r=lx=g= !! df hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 / hDdf u/]sf] ef}r/sf] k5f8Lkl§
;Ssn / k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL, g]kfnL gful/stf jf gfjflns hDdf ug]{ lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] gfd / /sdsf] k|of]hg :ki6 ?kdf
k|df0fkq jf hGd btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|df0fLt k|ltlnlk . g]kfn afx]s pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 .
cGo b]zaf6 ;f] ;/xsf] k/LIff ptL0f{ ug]{x?n] ;dsIftf s_ k|j]z k/LIff z'NsM k|To]s ;+:yfn] k|lt k/LIffyL{ k|j]z
k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL k]z ug'{kg]{5 . /fxbfgL tyf k|j]zf1f k/LIff b:t'/ -lgb]{lzsf, k/LIff b:t'/ / k/LIff cfj]bg
cfjZos kg]{ ljb]zL d'nssf k/LIffyL{sf] xsdf /fxbfgL tyf kmf/fdsf] b:t'/ ;lxt_ jfkt ?= !))).– - cIf/]kL ?=
k|j]zf1f Pj+ cWoog cg'dlt kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL k]z Ps xhf/ dfq_ sf b/n] k|j]z k/LIffsf] cfj]bg kmf/fd btf{
ug'{kg]{5 . ug]{ clGtd ldlt;Dd kg{ cfPsf cfj]bgx?sf] Psd'i7
v_ 5fqj[lQ tkm{ egf{sf nflu P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/xsf] k/LIff pQL0f{ /sd ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfn] a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
u/]sf] nAwfÍ, rfl/lqs k|df0fkqsf] ;Ssn / k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL, :kli6s/0fM lzIf0f ;+:yfn] pNn]lvt z'Nssf] cltl/Qm ;]jf
g]kfnL gful/s xf] egL k|dfl0ft x'g] gfu/Lstf jf gfjflns jf z'Ns jfkt Ps hgf k/LIffyL{jf6 a9Ldf ? @)).– -
hGd btf{sf] k|df0fkq cGo s'g} k|df0fkqsf]] ;Ssn / k|dfl0ft cIf/]kL ?= b'O{ ;o_ lng ;Sg]5g\ .
k|ltlnlk . v_ ;"rgf k|sfzg z'NsM k|To]s lzIf0f ;+:yfn] egf{ tyf
u_ jlu{s[t -lgz'Ns_ 5fqj[lQsf] xsdf cfkm\gf] ju{sf] kl/ro cfj]bg kmf/fd dfu ;DaGwL klqsfdf k|sflzt ;"rgfsf]
v'Ng] k|df0f kqsf] ;Ssn tyf k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk . b:t'/ jfkt k|lt sfo{qmd ? %))).– -cIf/]kL ?= kfFr
xhf/_ sf b/n] nfUg]5 / Ps} lzIf0f ;+:yfdf Ps eGbf
!$= /lhi6«]zgsf nflu cfjZos sfuhftx?M a9L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ePsf] v08df k|lt sfo{qmd yk
k|To]s ljBfyL{x?n] kl/ifb\\, /lhi6«]zgsf nflu /lhi6«]zg kmf/fd e/L ?=#))).– -cIf/]kL ?= tLg xhf/_ sf b/n] yk /sd
cfkm" cWoog/t lzIf0f ;+:yfdf / ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfn] tf]lsPsf] ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfn] a'Fbf g+= !% -s_ / -v_ adf]lhdsf]
cjlw leq k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{non] tf]s]sf] sfof{nodf a'emfpg' /sdsf] a}+s ef}r/ tyf k/LIffyL{sf] cfj]bg kmf/fd, k|dfl0ft
kg]{5 . ;f] kmf/fd ;fy lgDg lnlvt sfuhftx? ;dfj]z u/]sf] ;dli6ut kmf/fd / ;f]sf] Softcopy (CD) kl/ifb\\af6
x'g'kb{5 . vl6Psf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ j'emfpg' kg]{5 . kl/ifb\\ sd{rf/Ln]
s_ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{non] egf{sf nflu l;kmfl/z u/L lbPsf] kq - ;DjlGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 kl/ifb\nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;Dk"0f{
glthf ;"rL_ sf] k|ltlnkL . z'Ns jfktsf] /sd hDdf ul/Psf] ef}r/ lzIf0f ;+:yfsf]
v_ P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/xsf] k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf] nAwfÍ, rfl/lqs kq ;fy a'lemlnO glthf k|sfzg x'g' k'j{ clgjfo{ ?kdf
k|df0f kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL . kl/ifb\\ n]vf zfvfdf a'emfO{ ;f]sf] /l;b k=lg=sf=df -glthf
k|sfzg 6f]nL_ cGoyf ;DalGwt lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] glthf
:ylut ul/g]5 .
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
23 24
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
ª_ cGo z'NsM cGo z'Nssf] xsdf k|f= lz= tyf Jof= tf= cg';"rL–!
kl/ifb\\sf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL ljlgodfjnL @)^@ k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\sf cf+lus tyf ;fem]bf/L lzIf0f ;+:yfx?
-;+zf]wg ;lxt_ / k/LIff ;DaGwL ljlgodfjnL @)&! qm=;= ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf sfo{qmd / sf]6f
-z+;f]wg ;lxt_ cg';f/ x'g]5 .
kl/ifb\sf cf+lus lzIffnox?
!^= vf/]hL / arfpmM 1 ;'lDgdf kf]ln6]lSgs Oli6Ro"6, ef]hk'/ l;len $*, s[lif $)
s_ k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k/LIff lgoGq0f 2 pQ/kfgL k|fljlws lzIffno, wgs'6f kz' :jf:Yo $)
sfof{noåf/f hf/L u/LPsf] k|j]z k/LIff tyf 5fqj[lQ ;DaGwL 3 nfxfg k|fljlws lzIffno nxfg, l;/xf l;len $*
lgb]{lzsf @)&! nfO{ ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] 5 .
4 nfxfg k|fljlws lzIffno, nxfg / ;u/dfyf rf}w/L cKyflNds ;fOG; $)
u_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf ePsf s'/fx? o;} lgb]{lzsf jdf]lhd / cfFvf c:ktfn, nxfg, l;/xfsf] ;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/Ldf
lgb]{lzsfdf gePsf s'/fx? kl/ifb\\sf] P]g, lgod, ljlgod tyf
5 lh/L k|fljlws lzIffno, lh/L, bf]nvf s[lif $), kz' lj1fg–$)
k/LIff ;ldltsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-z}lIfs ;q @)&@.)&# df
3_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf Joj:yf ul/Psf s'/fx? kl/ifb\sf] P]g, lgod ljBfyL{ egf{ :ylut_
tyf ljlgod;+u afFemLg uPdf afFemLPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo 6 g]kfn ag]kf kf]ln6]lSgs OlGi6Ro"6, jg]kf, sfe|] ;"rgf k|ljlw $*, xf]6n
x'g]5 . Dofg]hd]G6 $), On]lS6«sn $*
ª_ o; lgb]{lzsfdf c:ki6 ePdf s'g} a'Fbf ePdf JofVof ug]{ 7 afnfh' :s"n ckm OlGhlgol/Ë P08 6]Sgf]nf]hL, afnfh', On]lS6«sn #^÷ l;len #^
clwsf/ k/LIff ;ldltnfO{ x'g]5 . sf7df08f}
8 :s"n ckm x]Ny ;fOG;, e/tk'/, lrtjg ;fdfGo lrlsT;f ^@, Nofj #)
kmfd]{;L $), cKyfNdLs–$)
9 kf]v/f ko{6g tflnd s]Gb|, km'njf/L, kf]v/f xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6 $)
10 sf]l/of g]kfn OlGi6Ro"6 ckm 6]Sgf]nf]hL, a'6jn, ?kGb]xL On]lS6«sn P08 On]S6«f]lgS; #),
c6f]df]afOn #), d]sflgsn #)
11 /fKtL k|fljlws lzIffno, nfndl6of, bfË s[lif $), kz' :jf:Yo $)
12 e]/L k|fljlws lzIffno, g]kfnu+h, af+s] On]lS6«sn @$
13 s0ff{nL k|flalws lzIffno, h'Dnf l;len $*, s[lif #@
14 ;]tL k|fljlws lzIffno, , lbkfon, 8f]6L l;len $*, s[lif $)
kl/ifb\sf ;fem]bf/ lzIf0f ;+:yfx?
1 z}nhf cfrfo{ :d[lt kf]ln6]lSgs, l;;jgL, hxbf, df]/Ë gl;{Ë $)
2 dgdf]xg :d[lt kf]ln6]lSgs OlGi6Ro"6, xftLd'8f, df]/Ë On]S6«Lsn $*, d]sflgsn $*,
On]S6«f]lgS; $*, l;len $*
3 dbg cfl>t :d[lt k|lti7fg, uf]7f6f/, sf7df08f}+ l;len $*,xf]6n d]g]hd]06 $)
4 nfxfg k|fljlws lzIffno, nxfg / ;u/dfyf rf}w/L cKyflNds ;fOG; $)
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
25 26
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
cfFvf c:ktfn, nxfg, l;/xfsf] ;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/Ldf cg';"rL–@
5 tfg;]g gl;{Ë :s"n, tfg;]g, kfNkf gl;{Ë $)
6 l;Gw'nL sDo"lg6L 6]lSgsn OlG:6Ro"6 l;len $)
k|Zg kqsf] gd'gf (Model Question)
7 /fd t'n;L p=df=lj=, /fdk'/, kfNkf s[lif $) k/LIffyL{x?n] pQ/ k'l:tsfdf lbOPsf] lgb]{zg /fd|f];Fu k9L ;f]xL cg';f/ pQ/
8 hgHof]lt p=df=lj= kfFuf, sflnsf]6 s[lif $) lbg'xf]nf
9 dbg e08f/L s[lif k|f=lz= u'nl/of, bfË s[lif $) s= pQ/k'l:tsfdf lbO{Psf $ j6f uf]nf] 3]/f dWo] ;xL pQ/ Psdf Black Gel Pen n]
10 g]kfn g]q Hof]tL ;+3 / kmQ]jfn cfFvf c:ktfnsf] cKyflNds ;fOG; $)
uf]nf] leq k"0f{ ?kdf sfnf] x'g] u/L 9fSg' kg]{5 . h:t} ;xL pQ/ B eP
;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/Ldf sn]h ckm cKyflNds ;fOG;, afFs] ○ ● ○ ○
11 ltnu+uf cfFvf c:ktfn, ltnu+uf, sf7df08f} cKyflNds ;fOG; $) A B C D
v= Ps eGbf a9L ;Defljt pQ/df lrGx nufPdf jf pQ/df s]/d]6 u/]df To:tf pQ/x? :jtM
12 /fli6«o :jf:Yo tfnLd s]Gb|, 6]s', sf7df08f} afof] d]l8sn OSo"kd]06 O= $) /2 x'g]5g\ . h:t} ;xL pQ/ B x'“bf
13 cfbz{ p=df=lj= lj/f7gu/, df]/Ë sDKo'6/ $* ○ ● ●
14 hfnkfb]jL p=df=lj=, kfv|Ljf;, wgs'6f l;len $* A B C D
15 dGynL p=df=lj= dGynL, /fd]5fk l;len $* Subject: English (1X30=30)
16 hglk|o p=df=lj= lr;fkfgL, dsjfgk'/ kz'kfng $)
1. He says he is ……… US citizen.
17 /0flj/ hglxt p=df=lj=, jflnË, :ofËhf On]lS6«sn $* a. a b. an c. the d. nothing
18 /fli6«o p=df=lj= rGb|f}6f, slknj:t' sDKo'6/ $* 2. He is ……… only teacher for this subject.
a. a b. an c. the d. nothing
19 a/fx p=df=lj= e]8faf/L, sf:sL s[lif $) 3. Cottage industries supply us ……… our daily needs.
a. in b. from c. with d. by
20 hgHof]tL p=df=lj=, s'gfy/L, ;'v]{t s[lif $)
4. They prefer begging ……… working.
21 u'F/f; p=df=lj=, ;fgf]>L, alb{of s[lif $) a. from b. than c. to d. by
5. It ……… for 3 hours when we left home.
22 kb\df]bo p=df=lj=, bfË On]lS6«sn $* a. rains b. is raining c. has rained d. had been raining
23 lqe'jg p=df=lj= sf]xnk'/, bfË sDKo'6/ $* 6. ………? Yes, let's start the lesson.
a. Do you start the lesson? b. Will you start the lesson?
24 ljBfdlGb/ p=df=lj=, ljgfos, c5fd s[lif $) c. Shall we start the lesson? d. Can we start the lesson?
7. The negative from of 'Someone said something' is ………
25 nl6gfy p=df=lj=, l/7frf}kQf, bfr'{nf s[lif $)
a. Someone didn't say anything.
26 dflnsf gd'gf p=df=lj=, dft{8L, afh'/f l;len $* b. None said nothing.
c. Anyone didn't say anything.
27 >Ls[i0f p=df=lj= s[i0fk'/, s~rgk'/ s[lif $) d. No one said anything.
8. Either you or your father is wrong, ………?
a. isn't he b. aren't they
c. aren't you d. don't you
9. Nobody's touched her yet,?
a. have they b. has they
c. have nobody d. hasn't anybody
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
27 28
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
10. The passive form of 'He wanted me to carry his bag' is ………. 23. Do you know where ………?
a. His bag was wanted me to carry. a. she lives b. does she live
b. He wanted me to be carried his bag. c. is she living d. is she lived
c. I am wanted to carry his bag by him. 24. He forbade me to drink wine. He said, "………".
d. He wanted his bag to be carried by me. a. Not to drink wine. b. Drink wine.
11. The active form of 'This problem can't be solved by anyone' is ………. c. To not drink wine. d. Don't drink wine.
a. No one can solve this problem. 25. The novelist and poet ……… coming tomorrow.
b. Anyone can't solve this problem. a. will b. are c. is d. has been
c. None can be solved this problem. 26. Mr. Gopal as well as his parents ……… present.
d. None can't solve this problem. a. was b. were c. be d. have been
12. What ……… if I didn't marry you? Read the following passage and choose the correct answer for
a. you would do b. would you do question no. 27 to 30.
c. you did d. did you do One afternoon, Gopal was returning form a neighbouring village which
13. If you had been there, you ………. was full of stories about man eating tiger being seen near the village.
a. would have punished Gopal, however, didn't believe these stories and took a short cut through
b. would punish the jungle. After a while, he heard an odd sound. He turned round and
c. would be punished there behind him was a huge tiger about to pounce him. He was so
d. would have been punished frightened that he closed his eyes and fell to his knees. Just then, a
14. My brother always has me ……… his homework. bulled whistled over his shoulder and hit the tiger as it leapt to seize
a. do b. to do Gopal. A minute or two later, a hunter came out of the bush carrying a
c. done d. doing rifle.
15. Can you get this bike ………? 27. It was ……… when he saw the tiger.
a. repair b. to repair a. evening b. morning
c. repaired d. to be repaired c. night d. afternoon
16. You can't help ……… her. 28. In the passage, the word '………' is used in the place of the word 'catch'.
a. to love b. love a. cut b. odd
c. loved d. loving c. pounce d. seize
17. Your health is not ………. 29. The word '………' in the passage means 'make a
a. satisfied b. satisfaction sudden attack on'.
c. satisfactory d. satisfy a. pounce b. leapt c. hit d. bush
18. It was a ……… flight. 30. The word '………' is used in the passage as the opposite word of
a. legal b. lawful 'familiar'.
c. legalise d. legally a. neighbouring b. however
19. I don't know ……… he is staying with. c. odd d. shoulder
a. where b. whose
c. which d. who
20. We played well, ………, we lost the game. Science (1×35=35)
a. however b. although 31. How much joule in there in 1 calorie?
c. so d. as -1 Calorie eg]sf] slt Joule xf] <_
21. I didn't talk to her ……… her mother. a. 2.2 Joule b. 3.2 Joule
a. in spite of b. for c. 4.2 Joule d. 5.2 Joule
c. because of d. since 32. The valency of phosphorus is ……….
22. "Will you help me please?" He requested me ………. -Phosphorus sf] ;+o'Hotf ============ xf] ._
a. if I'd help him b. to help him a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3
c. please help me d. if I helped him c. 3 and 5 d. 1 and 3
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
29 30
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
33. In hypermetropia person can not see ………. a. 5.4 Billion year b. 4.5 Billion year
-b"/ b[li6 sdhf]/Ldf dflg;n] ============ sf] j:t'nfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}g ._ c. 5 Billion year d. 5.5 Billion year
44. Voluntary muscles are found in ……….
a. near object b. far object
c. thin object d. thick object -O{R5fwLg df+;k]zLx? =========== df kfOG5g\ ._
34. Which of the following is metalloid? a. heart b. liver
-lgDgdWo] Metalloid s'g xf] <_ c. lungs d. foot
45. By which method heat is transmitted in water?
a. Mercury b. Silicon
c. Gold d. Magnesium -kfgLdf s'g ljlwåf/f tfk k|;f/0f x'G5 <_
35. Which is the longest cell in the human body? a. Evaporation b. Radiation
-dfgj z/L/df kfOg] ;a}eGbf nfdf] sf]if s'g xf] <_ c. Convection d. Conduction
46. Which era is called era of creppers?
a. Muscle cell b. Bone cell
c. Nerve cell d. None of above -s'g o'unfO{ 3;|g] hGt'x?sf] o'u elgG5 <_
`36. Potato tuber gives rise to a new plant in the soil. What type of asexual a. Archean and Proterozoic era
reproduction is it? b. Mesozoic era
-cfn'af6 df6f]df gof+ la?jf pd|G5 . of] s:tf] vfnsf] cd}y'lgs k|hgg xf] <_ c. Palaeozoic era
d. Cainozoic era
a. Sporulation b. Vegetative propagation
47. Reflex action is controlled by ……….
c. Fragmentation d. Budding
37. Which material is used as heating element in heater? -cfsfDo lqmofnfO{ ============= n] lgoGq0f ub{5 ._
-Heater df Heating Element sf] ?kdf s'g kbfy{ k|of]u ul/G5 <_ a. brain
b. automatic nervous system
a. Copper b. Tungsten
c. spinal cord
c. Iron d. Nichrome
d. peripheral nervous system
38. Specific heat capacity of iron is ……….
48. Insulin is produce by ……….
-kmnfdsf] ljlzi6 tfkwf/0f Ifdtf =============== x'G5 <_
a. 380 J/Kg°C b. 390 J/Kg°C
-Insulin =========== n] pTkfbg ub{5 ._
a. duodenum b. pancreas
c. 470° J/Kg°C d. 670 J/Kg°C
c. gall bladder d. liver
39. Which cell of the human blood does HIV affect?
49. What should be pH-value to be strong acid?
-HIV n] dfgj /utsf] s'g /Qmsf]ifnfO{ c;/ kfb{5 <_
a. WBC b. RBC
-s8f cDn x'g ph-value slt x'g' kb{5 <_
a. Less than 4 b. More than 4
c. Platelets d. All of these
c. Less than 2 d. More than 2
40. The division of fern is ……….
50. In the periodic table all the non-metals are placed under ……….
-pGo"sf]
Division =========== xf] ._
a. Thallophyta b. Pteriodophyta
-Periodic tflnsfdf ;a} cwft'x? ============ df /flvG5 ._
a. S–block b. P–block
c. Brayophyta d. Protista
c. d–block d. f–block
41. Which of the following is liquid?
51. How many times change in the gravitational force between tow bodies if
-lgDgdWo] t/n s'g xf] <_ the distance between them is doubled keeping their masses constant?
a. Aluminium b. Calcium
c. Iron d. Mercury
-b'O{ lk08x?nfO{ l:y/ /fvL ltgLx? aLrsf] b"/L bf]Aa/ agfp+bf ltgLx? aLrsf]
42. What is the formula of slaked lime? u'?Tjfsif{0f andf slt u'0ff kl/jt{g x'G5 <_
-Slaked Lime sf] ;"q s'g xf] <_ a. 1 b. 1 c. 1 d. 1
a. NaOH b. CaO 2 3 4 5
c. Ca(OH)2 d. Mg(OH)2 52. Which alcohol is used in making wine?
43. The estimated age of the earth is ………. -/S;L agfpg s'g Alcohol k|of]u ul/G5 <_
-k[YjLsf] cg'dflgt pd]/ =========== xf] ._ a. Methyl alcohol b. Ethyl alcohol

l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
31 32
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
c. Propyl alcohol d. Butyl alcohol 61. Chromosomes are made up ……….
53. What should be the number of secondary turns to produce 9V secondary -Chromosome x? =========== n] ag]sf x'G5g\ ._
voltage if primary voltage is 220 V and primary turns is 1000? a. protein and nucleic acid
-220 Volt sf] Primary Voltage ePsf] Line df Primary kmGsfx? 1000 5g\ eg] b. RNA and DNA
9 Volt Secondary Voltage lgsfNg Secondary kmGsfx? slt x'g' kb{5 <_ c. RNA
d. DNA
a. 41 b. 51 c. 61 d. 71
62. Which is the brightest planet?
54. Which is the common element found in methane, ethane, alcohol and
glycerol? -Methane, Ethane, Alcohol / Glycerol df kfOg] ;femf tTj s'g xf] <_ -;a}eGbf rlDsnf] u|x s'g xf] <_
a. Mercury b. Mars
a. Argon b. Chlorine
c. Venus d. Neptune
c. Oxygen d. Carbon
63. How many group of galaxy is classified by size?
55. Earthworms are friends of farmers because ……….
-u8of}nfx? ls;fgsf ;xof]uL x'g\ lsgeg] =============== ._ -cfsf/sf] lx;fan] tf/fk'~hnfO{ slt ;d"xdf juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 <_
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 2
a. they eat bacteria.
64. Density of water at 4°C is ……….
b. they increase the fertility of soil.
c. they produce humus. - 4° C df kfgLsf] 3gTj ============ x'G5 ._
d. none of these a. 1000 g/cm3 b. 4200 kg/m3
3
56. Which metal is extracted from argentite ore? c. 4.2 kg/m d. 1 g/cm3
-Argentite wfpaf6 s'g wft' lgsflnG5 <_ 65. The velocity of light is ……… in air.
a. Feb. Al c. Ag d. Cu -xfjfdf k|sfzsf] ult ============= x'G5 ._
57. Cement is made of ………. a. 2.2×108 m/s b. 3×108 cm/s
-Cement ============== n] ag]sf] x'G5 ._ c. 3×108 km/s d. 3×108 m/s
a. limestone + clay
b. limestone + coal Math (1×35=35)
c. limestone + water
66. If A and B are two subsets of U with
d. limestone + glass
58. Upthrust exerted by liquid depends upon ……….. n(U) = 43,n(A) = 25,n(B) = 18 and n(A I B) = 7 , which is the

-t/n kbfy{n] lbg] pWj{rfk ============= e/ kb{5 ._ value of n( A U B) .

a. Depth of liquid -olb U sf] pk;d"x A / B x'g\ . olb n(U) = 43,n(A) = 25,n(B) = 18 /
b. Density of liquid
n(A I B) = 7 eP n( A U B) sf] dfg s'g xf] <_
c. Volume of liquid
a. 36 b. 7
d. All of these c. 43 d. 30
59. Electronic configuration of potassium is ……….
-Potassium sf] Electron ljGof; ============ x'G5 ._ 67. How many diagonals is regular octagon?
a. 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s23p6, 3d1 -lgoldt ci6e'hdf sltj6f ljs0f{x? x'G5g\ <_
b. 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s23p6, 4s1 a. 20 b. 18
c. 22 d. 19
c. 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s23p7 68. What is the area of a circle whose radius is the diagonal of square whose
d. 1s2, 2s22p6, 3s2, 3p63d1, 4s1 area is 4 cm2?
60. Image formed by convex lens will be enlarged and erect when object is -Pp6f j[Qsf] If]qkmn slt x'G5 < h;sf] cw{Jof; If]qkmn $ ju{ ;]=dL= ePsf]
kept ………. ju{sf] ljs0f{ 5 ._
-ha j:t'nfO{ ================ df /flvG5 Convex lens åf/f ag]sf] cfs[lt ;'N6f] / a. 2π b. 2π 2
7"nf] x'G5 ._ c. 4π d. 8π
a. in between F and 2F b. In between F and O
c. at 2F d. at infinity
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
33 34
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
69. What is the total surface area of a solid sphere of diameter 14 cm? 78. ()
If a continuous series the mean X = 80 , assumed mean (A)=60 and
-!$ ;]=dL= Jof; ePsf] 7f]; uf]nfsf] k"/f ;txsf] IF]qkmn lgsfNg'xf];\ ._ ∑f=40, what is the value of ∑fd.
a.
c.
98π cm2
392π cm 2
b. 196π cm2
d. 588π cm2
()
-olb cljl5Gg >]0fLsf] dWos X = 80 , slNkt dWos (A)=60 / ∑f=40 eP ∑fd
70. The marked price of a FM radio is Rs. 1200. What is the discount rate, if it sf] dfg slt x'G5 <_
is sold price is Rs. 960? a. 16 b. 160
c. 800 d. 16000
-Pp6f FM Radio sf] c+lst d"No ?= !@)) 5 . o;sf] laqmL d"No ?= (^) eP 79. If a+b=5 and ab=6, what is the value of a2–b2?
5'6 b/ slt xf]nf <_ -olb a+b=5 / ab=6 eP a2–b2 sf] dfg slt xf]nf <_
a. 10% b. 20% a. 5 b. 6
c. 15% d. 8% c. 10 d. 12
71. If n(A) = 80 and n(B) = 65 , what is the least value of n(A U B) ? 80. If thrice of my age 10 years ago be subtracted from twice my present age,
-olb n(A) = 80 / n(B) = 65 eP n(A U B) sf] Go"gtd dfg slt xf]nf <_ the result is my present age, how many years my present age?
a. 125 b. 20
-d]/f] clxn]sf] pd]/sf] bf]Aa/af6 !) jif{ klxn]sf] d]/f] pd]/ t]Aa/ 36fof] eg]
c. 80 d. 65 xfnsf] pd]/ x'G5 eg] xfnsf] d]/f] pd]/ slt xf]nf <_
72. 2 years ago, the population of a village was 50000. If the population a. 16 b. 15 c. 9 d. 10
growth rate is 3% then find the present population of village. 2− x
81. If 3 = 1 then what is the value of x?
-@ jif{ klxn] Pp6f ufp+sf] hg;+Vof %)))) lyof] . olb hg;+Vof j[l4b/ #% eP
2− x
clxn]sf] hg;+Vof lgsfNg'xf];\ ._ -olb 3 = 1 eP x sf] dfg slt xf]]nf <_
a. 53045 b. 53054 a. 4 b. 6
c. 53540 d. 53504 c. 8 d. 2
73. If 10 cows eat as much as 6 oxen, how many oxen will eat as much as 15 82. What is the cash payment of a bill amounting Rs. 1800 allowing a
cows? discount of 5% and levying 13% VAT?
-olb !) ufO{n] vfg] Ifdtf ^ uf]?sf] 5 eg] slt uf]?n] vfg] IFdtf !% ufO{sf] -%% 5'6 / !#% VAT nufppbf ?= !*)) sf] aLnnfO{ slt lt/]/ e'QmfgL
xf]nf <_ ug'{kb{5 <_
a. 10 b. 6 c. 9 d. 15 a. Rs. 1934.30 b. Rs. 1933.30 c.Rs. 1932.30 d. Rs. 1931.30
74. The price of an article is Rs. 6000 after 20% VAT, then find the VAT 83. In the given figure is solid pyramid with equilateral triangle as its base, if
amount. the volume of the pyramid is 300 cm3 and its height is 3 3 cm. What is
-Pp6f j:t'sf] d"No 20% VAT kl5 ?= 6000 k5{ eg] VAT /sd lgsfNg'xf];\ ._ the length of each side of the triangular base?
a. Rs. 1000 b. Rs. 1100 -tn lbOPsf] lrqdf ;de'h lqe'h cfwf/ ePsf] 7f]; Pyramid xf] . Pyramid sf]
c. Rs. 1200 d. Rs. 1500
cfotg / prfO 3 3 eP lqe'hsf] k|To]s e'hfsf] nDafO slt
2 x − 4 = 4a x − 6 , what is the value of a?
300 cm3 cm
75. If
xf]nf <_
-olb 2 x − 4 = 4a x − 6 eP a sf] dfg slt xf]nf <_ O
a. 2 b. 6
c. 6a d. 2a
76. If x − 7 = 1 + x , what is the value of x?
-olb x − 7 = 1 + x eP x sf] dfg slt xf]nf <_
a. 8 b. 9
c. 16 d. None of above
77. A coin and a die are thrown together, what is the probability that the coin
3 3cm
falls head and dice show 3? A
-Pp6f l;Ssf / Pp6f Die ;+u} pkmfbf{ l;Ssfdf 6fpsf] / Die df @ kg]{ ;DefJotf
slt xf]nf <_
a. 1 b. 5
12 12 B C
c. 1 d. 1 a. 20 cm b. 10 cm
4 2
c. 10 3 cm d. 20 3 cm
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
35 36
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
84. In the given figure, O is the centre of circle, XY  BC, what is the value 88. If a men is rise of 10 3 m vertical height while walking 20 m along the
inclined path. At what angle is the path inclined with horizontal plane?
of x? -lbOPsf] lrqdf O j[Qsf] s]Gb|ljGb' xf], XY  BC, x sf] dfg slt xf]nf <_
-olb Ps hgf dflg; 20 m psfnf] af6f] lx+8\bf 10 3 m prfOdf k'U5 eg] ;f]
A af6f]n] lIflth /]vf;+u slt l8u|Lsf] sf]0f agfp+5 <_
a. 30° b. 60°
65°
c. 45° d. 90°
89. If the wages of 4 men be equal to those of 5 women, what will 8 women
wage in a day the daily wages of 10 men being Rs. 240.
X
O
Y -olb $ hgf dflg;sf] Hofnf / % dlxnfsf] Hofnf a/fa/ 5 . !) hgf dflg;sf]
b}lgs Hofnf ?= @$) eP * hgf dlxnfsf] b}lgs Hofnf slt xf]nf <_
a. Rs. 253.60 b. Rs. 235.60
c. Rs. 135.60 d. Rs. 153.60
x
B 90. Urmila's income increased by 10% and later decreased by 10%, what is
C
the changed percent?
a. 35° b. 25° -pld{nfsf] cfo !)% a9]/ km]l/ !)% n] 36\of] eg] hDdf slt k|ltzt km/s
c. 15° d. 45° kb{5 <_
85. In the given figure, PTR is tangent of a circle. If AT=PT and ∠APT=20°, a. 1% b. 10% c. 0% d. None of these
what is the value of ∠ABT? 91. After the compound depreciation of the cost of shares of a finance
company at 5% for 2 years the total shares cost Rs. 36100 at present.
-lbOPsf] lrqdf PTR j[Qsf] :kz{ /]vf xf] . olb AT=PT / ∠APT=20° eP ∠ABT How many shares at Rs. 100 per share before 2 years?
sf] dfg slt xf]nf<_ -Pp6f Finance Company sf] Share df @ jif{ ;Dd %% sf b/n] rlqmo
A cjd"Nog kl5 clxn] Share sf] d"No ?= #^!)) 5 eg] @ jif{ cl3 ?= !)) sf]
Share ;+Vof slt lyof] xf]nf <_
a. 40 b. 400 c. 4000 d. None of these
92. In the given figure, O is the centre of circle. OABC is a parallelogram,
B what is the value of x?
-lbOPsf] j[Qdf OABC ;=r= xf], O j[Qsf] s]Gb| xf] . x sf] dfg slt xf]nf <_

20°
P T R
a. 40° b. 30°
c. 60° d. 50° O
86. In ∆ABC, if ∠B=60°, c=3 cm and a=12 cm, what is the area of ∆ABC?
C
x
-Pp6f ∆ABC df olb ∠B=60°, c=3 cm / a=12 cm eP ∆ABC sf] IF]qkmn slt
xf]nf <_
a. 18 3 b. 9 2
c. 12 3 d. 9 3 A B
87. If mean (X) = 33, ∑ fx = 1096 + 25p and ∑ f = 32 + p then what is the
value of p? a. 120° b. 150° c. 135° d. 130°
-olb dWos (X) = 33, ∑ fx = 1096 + 25p / ∑ f = 32 + p eP, p sf] dfg slt 93. In the given figure AC and BC are tangents. If ∠ACO=30°, then what is the
x'G5 <_ value of reflex ∠AOB.
a. 3 b. 6 c. 4 d. 5

l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
37 38
 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\\,
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/
-lbOPsf] lrqdf AC / BC :kz{ /]vfx? x'g\ . olb ∠ACO=30° eP j[xt\ ∠AOB A
slt xf]nf <_
A
4 cm

30°
O C
x
B C
6 cm
a. 30° b. 60° c. 45° d. 75°
B
99. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a square, AEBC and AC = 3 2 cm.
a. 210° b. 220° c. 230° d. 240°
What is the area of ∆EBC?
94. What is the least number a solid metallic sphere each of 6 cm diameter
that should be melted and recast for from a solid metal cylinder whose -tnsf] lrqdf ABCD ju{ xf], AEBC 5 / AC = 3 2 cm eP ∆EBC sf]
height is 45 cm and diameter 4 cm? If]qkmn slt xf]nf <_
-^ ;]=dL= Jof; ePsf] sDtLdf slt j6f wft'sf uf]nfx? kufn]/ $% ;]=dL= Jof; E
A D
ePsf] 7f]; a]ngf agfpg ;lsG5 <_
a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20
95. Which is the Heron's formula, to find the area of triangle?
-lqe'hsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg] Heron's formula s'g xf] <<_
a. (s − a )(s − b )(s − c )
B C
b. s(s − a )(s − b )(s − c )
2 2
a. 18 cm b. 9 cm c. 36 cm2 d. 4.5 cm2
c. 1
2
s(s − a )(s − b )(s − c ) 100. What is the volume of the adjoining prism?

d. 1 (s − a )(s − b )(s − c ) -tnsf] Prism sf] cfotg slt x'G5 <_

2
10 cm
96. Which is the formula to find the area of square in which 'd' is diagonal?
-ju{sf] IF]qkmnsf] ;"q s'g xf], h;df 'd' ljs0f{ 5 <_

10 cm
a. 1 d b. 1 d 2 c. 1 d 2 d. 1 d
2 2 4 2

97. Which is the formula of volume of equilateral triangular prism? 6 cm

-;dafx' lqe'h cfwf/ ePsf] Prism sf] cfotg lgsfNg] ;"q s'g xf] <_ a. 48 cm3 b. 300 cm3 c. 480 cm3 d. 840 cm3
a. 3
a 2h b. 3 a 2h c. 3
a 2h d. 1 a 2h
2 2 4 3

98. What is the value of x if the area of ∆ABC is 6 cm2?

-∆ABC sf] If]qkmn ^ ju{ ;]=dL= eP x sf] dfg slt xf]nf <_
l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_ l8Knf]df tyf k|df0f kq txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f Pj+ egf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf @)&! -klxnf] z+;f]wg @)&@_
39 40