ATOMS IN REACTION

The amount of matter can be expressed in the atomic and molar scales
The reference atom chosen is the C-12 isotope which contains six protons and six
neutrons.
By definition, one atom of C-12 has a mass of exactly 12 atomic mass units (AMU).
One amu, therefore is ½ of the mass of a C-12 atom.
The atomic mass of Cu-63 is 62.93 amu. This means that relative to C-12, one
atom of Cu-63 us 62.93/12 or 5.244 times the mass of a C-12 atom.
AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS AVERAGE FORMULA MASS
The formula mass is the sum of the atomic
masses of the atoms in the ionic compound.

AVERAGE MOLECULAR MASS

The molecular mass is the sum of the average
atomic masses of the atoms in the molecule.
Isotopes of elements occur in different abundances. Some
are more abundant than others. Chlorine has two isotopes.
The natural abundance of Cl-35 is 75% while that of Cl-37 is
25%. This means that if you have 100 atoms of chlorine, 75
of them will be Cl-35 and 25 of them will be Cl-37.

For carbon, the natural abundance of C-12 is 98.90% while

that of C-13 is 1.10%. The atomic mass of C-13 has been
determined to be 13.00335 amu while that of C-12 is
exactly 12 amu.

= (atomic mass of C-12) (% abundance of C-12) + (atomic

mass of C-13) (% abundance of C-13) = (12.0000 amu)
(.9890) + (13.00335 amu) (.0110) = 12.01 amu

MOLE CONCEPT

Atomic mass units provide a relative scale for masses of Celebrated by chemists annually from 6.02
different elements. am to 6.02 pm on October 23rd, Mole
Day commemorates Avogadro's number
EX: One atom of C-12: 12.0000 amu (6.022 x 1023), which is the number of atoms
in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 (one
One atom of H: 1.0078 amu
mole). This was founded by the National
The
Pagemole
1 ofis
2 the amount of
One atom of O: 15.9949 amu substance that contains Avogadro’s Mole Day Foundation on 15th May 1991.
number of units or entities. Once mole of C-12 has a mass of
II CHEMISTRY
1 amu =12
exactly 1.6605655 x 10-24 6.022 x 1023 C-12 atoms. This mass of
g and contains
C-12
1 moleis called the molar
= 6.022x10 23 mass.
atoms, molecules, ions
Mole refers to the quantity of a substance that contains the

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