CLASS –XI

BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY

MOLE CONCEPT
Before Mole Concept children please understand:-

Gram Atomic Mass-

The quantity of an element whose mass in grams is numerically equal to
its relative atomic mass or atomic mass.
For example:-
Atomic mass of nitrogen= 14u
Gram atomic mass of nitrogen = 14g= 1gram atom

Gram Molecular Mass-

The quantity of a substance whose mass in grams is numerically equal
to its relative molecular mass or molecular mass.
For example:-
Molecular mass of Calcium Carbonate = (40 + 12 +3 x 16) u = 100u
Gram molecular mass of Calcium Carbonate = 100 g= 1gram molecule

MOLE CONCEPT:-
Atoms and molecules are too small to count.
To solve this problem their numbers are expressed in terms of
Avogadro’s number. (NA = 6.022 × 1023).
Mole is the number equal to Avogadro’s number just like a dozen is
equal to 12, a century means 100, a score means = 20.
A mole (symbol mol) contains the same no. of entities as the number
of Carbon atoms in exactly 12g of C-12.
Calculation:-
No. of Carbon atoms in 12 g of C-12
= Gram atomic mass of carbon / Mass of one carbon atom
= 12g / 1.9924 x 10 -23 g = 6.022 x 1023
Similarily
No. of hydrogen atoms
= Gram atomic mass of hydrogen / Mass of one H- atom
= 1.008g / 1.672 x 10 -24 g = 6.022 x 1023

NOTE:-
It may be noted that the gram atomic mass of any element has
6.022 x 1023 atoms. Similarily , the gram molecular mass of any
substance also contains 6.022 x 1023 molecules.

Now what does a mole represents:-

1st--EXAMPLE:
What does 1mole of O2 represents?
ANSWER:
1 mole of O2 = 6.022 x 1023 no. of molecules
1 mole of O2 = 2 x 6.022 x 1023 no. of O-atoms (atomicity of O2 =2)
1 mole of O2 occupies 22.4 L at NTP
1 mole of O2 = 1 gram molecule = 32 g of O2

2nd--EXAMPLE:
What does 1mole of NH3 represents?
ANSWER:
1 mole of NH3 = 6.022 x 1023 no. of molecules
1 mole of NH3 = 1 x 6.022 x 1023 no. of N-atoms (atomicity of N =1 in
NH3)
1 mole of NH3 = 3 x 6.022 x 1023 no. of H-atoms (atomicity of H =3 in
NH3)
1 mole of NH3 occupies 22.4 L at NTP
1 mole of NH3 = 1 gram molecule = 17 g of NH3