MUSIC OF 20TH CENTURY

20TH CENTURY MUSICAL STYLES

IMPRESSIONISM
There is an extensive use of colors and effects, vague melodies, and innovative chords and
progressions leading to mild dissonances.
Impressionist: Claude Debussy
Maurice Ravel

EXPRESSIONISM
Revealed the composer’s mind, instead of presenting an impression of the environment. It
used atonality and the twelve-tone scale, lacking stable and conventional harmonies. It served as a
medium for expressing strong emotions, such as anxiety, rage, and alienation.
Expressionist: Arnold Schoenberg
Igor Stravinsky

NEO-CLASSICISM
It was a partial return to a classical form of writing music with carefully modulated dissonances.
It made use of a freer seven-note diatonic scale.
Neo-Classicist: Igor Stravinsky
Bela Bartok
Sergei Prokofieff

AVANT-GARDE STYLE
This style associated with electronic music and dealt with the parameters or dimensions of sound in
space. It made use of variations of self-contained note groups to change musical continuity, and improvisation,
with an absence of traditional rules on harmony, melody, and rhythm.
Avant-Garde composers: Sergei Prokofieff
George Gershwin

MODERN NATIONALISM
It is a looser form of 20th century music development focused on nationalist composers and
musical innovators who sought to combine modern techniques with folk materials.
Modern Nationalist: Bela Bartok
Sergei Prokofieff
MODERN ART: 20TH CENTURY ART MOVEMENTS
 PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS

1
 CONSUMER HEALTH
CONSUMER HEALTH- wise selection of health products, agencies concerned with the control of
these products and services evaluation of quackery and health misconception, health concerns and
health insurance.
Consumer health has 3 components:
(a.) Health Information- plays a big role in the life of individuals. “It is information that people require
to make wise decisions about their health.
-is any concept, step, or advice that various sources give to aid the health status of an individual. The
type of information varies depending on “diseases, sexual health, weight loss/gain, drugs and alcohol,
depression/mental illness, violence, smoking, eating disorders, acne/skin care, local clinics, and
sexual assault”
- Another important characteristics of health information is that it is continuously and rapidly changing.
Thus, it “should be timely, relevant, culturally appropriate, accessible, and delivered in a relevant
format”.
(b.) Health Products- are food, drugs, cosmetics, devices, biologicals, vaccines, in-vitro diagnostic
reagents, and household/urban hazardous substance and/or a combination of and/or a derivative
thereof (FDA Act, 2009).These products may be purchased from various places like supermarkets,
pharmacies, and hospitals.
(c.) Health Services- These programs aim to appraise the health conditions of individuals through
screening and examinations, cure and treat disorders, prevent and control the spread of diseases,
provide safety, emergency care, and first aid, and ensure a follow-up program for individuals who
have undergone treatments.
- Health services are usually offered by healthcare providers (trained professional who provides
people with healthcare). There are different types of healthcare providers, such as:
I. HEALTH PROFESSIONALS- individuals who are licensed to practice medicine and other
allied health programs. An example of a health professionals is a physician. A physician records the
medical history of individuals, provides diagnoses, performs medical examinations, and prescribes
medications.
Different Types of Physicians
(a) Cardiologist- the study of the heart and of diseases that affect the heart.
(b) Dermatologist- the scientific study of the skin and its diseases.
(c) Gastroenterologist- a branch of medicine concerned with the structure, functions,
diseases, and pathology of the stomach and intestines.
(d) Geriatrician- an old person.
(e) Gynecologist- reproductive system of women and its diseases.
(f) Neurologist- a physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of disease of the nervous
system.
(g) Orthopedist- bones and muscles.
(h) Ophthalmologist- problems and diseases of the eye.
(i) Pediatrician- a doctor who treats babies and children.
(j) Pulmonologist- a specialist in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the lungs.
(k) Urologist- a physician who specializes in the urinary or urogenital tract.
II. HEALTHCARE FACILITIES- places or institutions that offer healthcare services.
Types of Healthcare Facilities:
1. Hospitals- an institution where people undergo medical diagnosis, care and
treatment. It offers different types of medical care like inpatient and outpatient.
Different Kinds of Hospitals:
(a) Private Hospital- operated by individuals to gain profit.
(b) Voluntary Hospital- does not require profit because it is owned by a community
or an organization
(c) Government/ Public Hospital- being run by the state and the treatment fees are
subsidized. Teaching Hospital- includes a school for medical students.
 Two Classification of Hospitals in the Philippines:
1. General Hospitals- have complete medical, surgical, and maternal care
facilities.
2. Specialty Hospitals- handle a particular disease or condition or deal with only
one type of patient.
2. Walk-In Surgery Center- it is a facility that offers surgery without the patient being
admitted in the hospital.
3. Health Center- the services in a health center cater to a specific population with
various health needs.
4. Extended Healthcare Facility- provides treatment, nursing care, and residential
services to patient, often the elderly.
III. HEALTH INSURANCE- financial agreement between an insurance company and an
individual or group for the payment of healthcare costs. This also may pertain to a protection that
provides benefits for sickness and injury.
Various Types of Coverage
1. Medical Insurance- pays for the fees of the health professionals, laboratory tests, and
prescription drugs.
2. Major Medical Insurance- offers payment for long term or chronic diseases such as
AIDS and cancer.
3. Hospitalization Insurance- pays for the stay of the patient inside the hospital.
4. Surgical Insurance- pays for surgery fees.
5. Disability Insurance- provides financing for members who meet accident or suffer
from illnesses.
Health insurance may be sourced from both public and private companies. An example of
public health insurance is PhilHealth. As mandated by law in the country, employees of both public
and private companies avail of PhilHealth. It requires a small monthly contribution from its members.
These contributions are saved and used for the medical care needed by a PhilHealth member.

A Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) is a healthcare provider that offers medical

services that are availed through a prepaid amount of money. It is a business that requires a relatively
reduced monthly fee for subscribers. The difference of an HMO with other insurance companies is
that it hires or trains its own health professionals and healthcare practitioners.

PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTHCARE (PITAHC)

 The creation of this institution was provisioned by Republic Act No. 8423 or the Traditional and
Alternative Medicine Act of 1997, which works closely with the Department of Health.
 Also the law-making body with regards to the effective use of traditional and alternative medicine.
PITAHC- Approved Alternative Modalities:
NATUROPATHY- Naturopathic medicine views diseases as a manifestation of an alteration in
the processes by which the body naturally heals itself. It offers a wide range of natural practices
including herbal medicine, acupuncture, acupressure, nutritional therapy, and ventosa cupping
massage therapy.
(a) Herbal Medicine- are one type of dietary supplement. They are sold as tablets, capsules,
powders, teas, extracts, and fresh or dried plants. People use herbal medicines to try to
maintain or improve their health. Many people believe that products labeled "natural" are
always safe and good for them.
- there are 10 herbs that are proven and tested to have medicinal value and approved by
the Department of Health”.
1. Akapulco- for ringworm and other skin (fungal) infections.
2. Ampalaya- for non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.
3. Bawang- for blood pressure control.
 4. Bayabas- For use as antiseptic to disinfect wounds. For mouthwash or tooth decay and
gum infection.
5. Lagundi- for cough and asthma.
6. Niyog-niyogan- for intestinal worms, particularly ascaris and trichina.
7. Sambong- for urinary stones.
8. Tsaang Gubat- for mouthwash.
9. Pansit-pansitan- for arthritis and gout.
10. Yerba-buena- for relief from body aches and pains.

(b) Alternative Medicine- practices are used instead of standard medical treatments.
Alternative medicine is distinct from complementary medicine which is meant to
accompany, not to replace, standard medical practices.
Examples of Alternative Medicine:
a. Acupuncture- it is a form of energy medicine where long thin needles are inserted to
specific parts of the body to affect the energy flow. Acupuncture is believed to treat
musculoskeletal dysfunctions.

b. Ventosa Cupping Massage Therapy- this procedure is done by placing inverted

glasses that have flames from burning cotton, on specific points in the body. It is
believed to relieve muscle and joint pains.

c. Reflexology- similar to acupuncture, reflexology focuses on treating specific disorders

through massaging of the soles of the feet.

d. Acupressure- uses the same technique as that of acupuncture. The only difference is
that acupressure does not use needles but hands to apply pressure on certain points of
the body.
 e. Nutrition Therapy- approaches treatment of a medical condition by providing a tailored
diet for the patient.

QUACKERY- a form of a health fraud, is any advertisement, promotion, or sale of products and
services that have not been scientifically proven safe and effective. It is being operated by a “quack”.
A quack is an individual that has little or no professional qualifications to practice medicine. He/She
also pretentiously uses meaningless medical jargon and relies on scare tactics, paranoid accusations,
and quick fixes.
There are three major characteristics of health quackery:
(1) It is a big business. A huge amount of money is spent on fraudulent health products and
services.
(2) It multiplies and spreads fast.
(3) It thrives on individuals who are diagnosed with illnesses that are known to have no cure.
The three forms of quackery are:
a. Medical quackery- includes cures, treatments, and remedies of various health conditions that
are drugless or bloodless in nature.
b. Nutrition quackery- involves promotion of food fads and other nutritional practices that claim
to be all-natural. These are believed to have beneficial properties of multiple plants in one
product.
c. Device quackery- makes use of miraculous gadgets (such as dials, gauges, electrodes,
magnets, and blinkers) that are believed to cure certain health conditions.