BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM HÓA ĐẠI CƯƠNG (GENERAL CHEMISTRY)

CHAPTER 1
Ex 1: Most of the light from a sodium vapor lamp has a wavelength of 589 nm. What is
the frequency of this radiation?
A. 5.09 × 1014 Hz
B. 6.89 × 1014 Hz
C. 1.96 × 10-12 Hz
D. 5.09 × 1011 Hz
Ex 2: The light from red LEDs (light-emitting diodes) is commonly seen in many
electronic devices. Atypical LED produces 690 nm light. What is the frequency of this
light?
A. 4.43 × 1011 Hz
B. 4.34 × 1014 Hz
C. 4.43 × 1014 Hz
D. 4.34 × 1011 Hz
Ex 3: An FM radio station broadcasts on a frequency of 91.5 megahertz. What is the
wavelength of these radio waves in meters?
A. 3.28 m
B. 3.28 m.s-1
C. 3.28 × 106 m
D. 328 Hz
Ex 4: For radiation of wavelength 242.4 nm, the longest wavelength that will bring about
the photodissociation of what is the energy of one photon?
A. 8.196 × 10-19 J
B. 8.196 × 10-19 J/mol
C. 8.196 × 10-19 J/photon
D. 8.196 × 10-22 J/mol
Ex 5: the protective action of ozone in the atmosphere comes through ozone s absorption
of UV radiation in the 230 to 290 nm wavelength range. What is the energy associated
with radiation in this wavelength range?
A. 400 to 520 J/mol
B. 400 to 520 kJ/mol
C. 400 to 520 kJ
D. 400 to 520 J
Ex 6: A hypothetical electromagnetic wave is pictured here. What is the wavelength of
this radiation?

A. 2.34 nm
B. 2.43 nm
C. 3.51 nm
D. 4.68 nm
Ex 7: The most intense line in the cerium spectrum is at 418.7 nm. Determine the
frequency of the radiation producing this line. Is it visible to the eye?
A. 7.61 × 1014 Hz - Yes
B. 7.16 × 1014 Hz - No
C. 7.16 × 1014 Hz - Yes
D. 7.61 × 1014 Hz - No
Ex 8: Determine the wavelength of the line in the Balmer series of hydrogen
corresponding to the transition from n = 5 to n = 2
A. 434.1 nm
B. 43.41 nm
C. 4.341 × 10-9 m
D. 4.341 × 10-7 nm
Ex 9: Determine the wavelength of light absorbed in an electron transition from n = 2 to n
= 4 in a hydrogen atom?
A. 486.2 m
B. 4.862 × 10-7 nm
C. 486.2 nm
B. 4.862 nm
Ex 10: The Lyman series of the hydrogen spectrum can be represented by the equation
below. What value of n corresponds to a spectral line at 95.0 nm?

A. n = 3
B. n = 2
C. n = 6
D. n = 5
Ex 11: What is the frequency of the spectral line produced by an electron from n = 5 to n
= 2 in a Bohr hydrogen atom?
A. 6.91 × 1014 s-1
B. 6.91 × 1017 s-1
C. 6.91 × 1017 Hz
D. 6.9 × 1017 s
Ex 12: From the following sets of quantum numbers, identify the set that is correct.
A. (2, 1, 0, 0)
-1
B. (2, 1, 0, )
2
1
C. (2, 0, 1, )
2
1
D. (2, -1, 0, )
2
Ex 13: Determine which set of the following quantum numbers is wrong
A. (3, 1, -2, ½ )
B. (1, 0, 0, - ½ )
C. (3, 0, 0, ½ )
-1
D. (2, 1, 0, )
2

Ex 14: Select the correct answer

An electron having n = 3 and ml = 0
A. Must have ms = +1/2
B. Must have l = 1
C. May have l = 0, 1 or 2
D. Must have l = 2
Ex 15: What is an acceptable value for the missing quantum number n = 3, l = ?, ml = 2
and ms = +1/2 ?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 0
D. 2
Ex 16: What is an acceptable value for the missing quantum number n = ?, l = 2, ml = 1
and ms = -1/2 ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. ≥ 3
D. 3
Ex 17: What is an acceptable value for the missing quantum number n = 4, l = 2, ml = 0
and ms = ?
A. 1
B. +1/2
C. -1/2
D. Can be either +1/2 or -1/2
Ex 18: Which of the following is the correct orbital diagram for the ground-state electron
configuration of phosphorus?
A.

B.

C.

D.

Ex 19: Which of the following is the correct orbital diagram for the ground-state electron
configuration of molybdenum?
A.

B.

C.

D.

Ex 20: Which of the following electron configurations corresponds to the ground state?
A.
B.

C.

D.

CHAPTER 2
Ex 1: Arrange the following species in order of increasing size: K + (Z = 19), Cl- (Z = 17),
S2- (Z = 16), Ca2+ (Z = 20)
A. S2- < Cl- < K+ < Ca2+
B. Ca2+ < S2- < K+ < Cl-
C. Ca2+ < K+ < Cl- < S2-
D. Cl- < K+ < S2- < Ca2+
Ex 2: Arrange the following in the expected order of increasing first ionization energy, I 1:
Cl (Z = 17), K (Z = 19), Mg (Z = 12), S (Z = 16)
A. K < Mg < S < Cl
B. S < Cl < K < Mg
C. Mg > K > Cl > S
D. K > Mg > S > Cl
Ex 3: Indicate the smallest and the largest species (atom or ion) in the following group:
Al atom (Z = 13), F atom (Z = 9), As atom (Z = 33), Cs+ ion (Z = 55), I- ion (Z = 53), N
atom (Z = 7)
A. Smallest: F, largest: I-
B. Smallest: F, largest: Cs+
C. Smallest: Al, largest: N
D. Smallest: As, largest: I-
Ex 4: Place the elements in order of increasing ionization energy: Na (Z = 11), Mg (Z =
12), O (Z = 8) and P (Z = 15)
A. P < O < Mg < Na
B. Na < Mg < P < O
C. Na > Mg > P > O
D. Mg > Na > P > O
Ex 5: Place the elements in order of increasing electron affinity: Na (Z = 11), Mg (Z =
12), O (Z = 8) and P (Z = 15)
A. O < P < Mg < Na
B. P < O < Mg < Na
C. Na < Mg < O < P
D. Mg < Na < P < O
Ex 6: Place the elements in order of decreasing ionization energy: Al (Z = 13), Si (Z =
14), S (Z = 16) and Cl (Z = 17)
A. Al < Si < S < Cl
B. Si < Al < Cl < S
C. Cl < S < Si < Al
D. S < Cl < Al < Si
Ex 7: Place the elements in order of increasing electron affinity: Al (Z = 13), Si (Z = 14),
S (Z = 16) and Cl (Z = 17)
A. Al < Si < S < Cl
B. Cl < S < Si < Al
C. S < Cl < Si < Al
D. Si < S < Cl < Al
Ex 8: Select the largest atom: Mg (Z = 12), Mn (Z = 25), Ba (Z = 56), Br (Z = 35)
A. Mg
B. Ba
C. Mn
D. Br
Ex 9: Select the most negative electron affinity: Cl (Z = 17), K (Z = 19), Mg (Z = 12), S
(Z = 16)
A. S
B. K
C. Mg
D. Cl
Ex 10: Select the largest atom: Mg (Z = 12), Ca (Z = 20), Sr (Z = 38), Ba (Z = 56)
A. Ca
B. Ba
C. Mg
D. Sr
CHAPTER 3
Ex 1: Which of the following bonds are the most polar, that is, have the greatest ionic
character: H—Br, N—H, N—O, P—Cl?
ENH = 2.1, ENBr = 2.8, ENN = 3.0, ENO = 3.5, ENP = 2.1, ENCl = 3.0
A. H—Br and N—O
B. N—H and H—Br
C. N—O and N—H
D. P—Cl and N—H
Ex 2: Which is the most polar bond: C—S, C—P, P—O, or O—F?
ENC = 2.5, ENS = 2.5, ENP = 2.1, ENO = 3.5, ENF = 4.0
A. C—P
B. P—O
C. O—F
D. C—S
Ex 3: Two electrostatic potential maps are shown below. One corresponds to NaF and the
other to NaH. Which map corresponds to which molecule? Note: ENH = 2.1, ENF = 4.0,
ENNa = 0.9
A. The electrostatic potential map on the left represents NaF
B. The electrostatic potential map on the right represents NaF
C. The electrostatic potential map on the left represents NaH
D. Do not have enough information to conclude
Ex 4: Which of the following electrostatic potential maps corresponds to IF, and which to
IBr? Note: ENI = 2.5, ENF = 4.0, ENBr = 2.8

A. The electrostatic potential map that corresponds to IF is the one with less red in it
B. The electrostatic potential map that corresponds to IF is the one with more red in it
C. Do not have enough information to conclude
C. The electrostatic potential map that corresponds to IBr is the one with more red in it
Ex 5: The bond in O—H is ionic, polar covalent or covalent? ENO = 3.5, ENH = 2.1
A. Ionic
B. Covalent
C. Polar covalent
D. All are incorrect
Ex 6: Assign formal charges on the O atom, Cl atom and N atom in the structure

A. +2; 0; -2 respectively
B. 0; -2, +2 respectively
C. 0; +2; -2 respectively
D. -2; 0; +2 respectively
Ex 7: Assign formal charges on the Cl atom, O atom and N atom in the structure

A. +1; -2 +1 respectively
B. +2; -1, -1 respectively
C. -2; -1; 0 respectively
D. -1; +2; -1 respectively
Ex 8: Assign formal charge on the N atom, O atom and Cl atom in the structure

A. -1; +1, 0 respectively

B. -3; -2; -1 respectively
C. 0; +1; -1 respectively
D. 0; -1; +1 respectively
Ex 9: Which of the following have Lewis structures that do not obey the octet rule: SO3,
PH4+, PO43-, ClO2?
A. PH4+, PO43-, ClO2
B. PH4+, ClO2
C. SO3, PH4+
D. PO43-, ClO2
Ex 10: Which of the following have Lewis structures that do not obey the octet rule: NF3,
AlCl3, SiF62-, SO3, PH4+
A. AlCl3, SO3
B. AlCl3, SiF62-
C. SO3, PH4+
D. NF3, AlCl3, SiF62-
Ex 11: Only one of the following Lewis structures is correct. Select that one
A. Cyanate ion
B. Carbide ion
C. Hypochlorite ion
D. Nitrogen (II) oxide
Ex 12: Assign formal charges to each of the atoms
in the structure
A. H: 0; C≡: 0; ≡C: -1
B. H: 0; C≡: 0; ≡C: +1
C. H: 1; C≡: 0, ≡C: +1
D. H: 1; C≡: 1, ≡C: -1
Ex 13: Assign formal charges to each of the atoms in the
structure
A. =O: 0; –O: -2; C: 0
B. =O: 0; –O: -1; C: 0
C. =O: 0; –O: -2; C: 1
D. =O: 1; –O: -1; C: 1
Ex 14: Assign formal charges to each of the atoms in the structure
A. H: 0; side C: 0; central C: -1
B. H: 0; side C: 1; central C: -1
C. H: 0; side C: 0; central C: +1
D. H: 0; side C: -1; central C: -1
Ex 15: Assign formal charges to each of the atoms in the structure
A. S: 0; =O: -1; –O: +1
B. S: 0; =O: -1; –O: +1
C. S: +1; =O: 1; –O: 0
D. S: +1; =O: 0; –O: -1
Ex 16: Assign formal charges to each of the atoms in the structure
A. N: +1; =O: 0; –O: -1
B. N: +1; =O: -1; –O: -1
C. N: 0; =O: -1; –O: 0
D. N: 0; =O: 0; –O: -1
Ex 17: Use your knowledge of electronegativities to arrange the following bonds in terms
of increasing ionic character: C—H, F—H, Br—H, K—F, Na—Cl
A. C—H < Br—H < F—H < K—F < Na—Cl
B. F—H < Br—H < C—H < K—F < Na—Cl
C. C—H < Br—H < F—H < Na—Cl < K—F
D. Br—H < C—H < F—H < Na—Cl < K—F
Ex 18: Which of the following molecules would you expect to have a resultant dipole
moment: F2; NO2; HBr; OCS; CH2Cl2; SiF4?
A. F2; HBr; OCS; SiF4
B. NO2; OCS; HBr; SiF4
C. NO2; OCS; HBr; CH2Cl2
D. OCS; HBr; CH2Cl2; F2

Ex 19: Use data from Table 10.3 to estimate the enthalpy change (∆H) for the following
reaction: C2H6 (g) + Cl2 (g) → C2H5Cl (g) + HCl (g) and determine whether this reaction
is exothermic or endothermic
A. -113 kJ, endothermic
B. -113 kJ/mol, exothermic
C. 113 kJ, exothermic
D. 113 kJ/mol, endothermic
Ex 20: Use bond energies from Table 10.3 to estimate the enthalpy change (∆H) for the
following reaction: C2H2 (g) + H2 (g) → C2H4 (g)
A. 436 kJ/mol
B. 248 kJ/mol
C. -248 kJ/mol
D. -166 kJ/mol
Ex 21: The reaction of methane and chlorine produces a mixture of products called
chloromethanes. One of these is monochloromethane, used in the preparation of silicones.
Calculate for the reaction, use bond energies from Table 10.3 and determine whether this
reaction is exothermic or endothermic
CH4 (g) + Cl2 (g) → CH3Cl (g) + HCl (g)
A. -113 kJ/mol, exothermic
B. -113 kJ, endothermic
C. 113 kJ, exothermic
D. 113 kJ/mol, endothermic
Ex 22: Use data from Table 10.3 to estimate the enthalpy change (∆H) for the following
reaction: 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g) and determine whether this reaction is exothermic
or endothermic
A. 600 kJ/mol, exothermic
B. 442 kJ/mol, endothermic
C. -486 kJ/mol, exothermic
D. -922 kJ/mol, endothermic
Ex 23: Use data from Table 10.3 to estimate the enthalpy change (∆H) for the following
reaction: 1/2N2 (g) + 3/2H2 (g) → NH3 (g) and determine whether this reaction is
exothermic or endothermic
A. -40 kJ/mol, exothermic
B. 738 kJ/mol, endothermic
C. -431.5 kJ/mol, exothermic
D. 346.5 kJ/mol, endothermic
CHAPTER 4
Ex 1: Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shapes of the following molecules and
ions: N2, HCN, NH4+
A. linear; linear; trigonal planar, respectively
B. linear; trigonal planar; linear, respectively
C. linear; linear; tetrahedral, respectively
D. linear; linear; linear, respectively
Ex 2: Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shapes of the following molecules and
ions: NH4+, NO3-, PCl3
A. tetrahedral; trigonal planar; trigonal pyramid, respectively
B. trigonal planar; trigonal planar; trigonal planar, respectively
C. tetrahedral; trigonal planar; trigonal planar, respectively
D. trigonal planar; trigonal pyramid; trigonal planar, respectively
Ex 3: Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shape of the SO42- ion
A. A tetrahedral electron-group geometry and a tetrahedral shape
B. A trigonal planar electron- group geometry and a trigonal planar shape
C. A tetrahedral electron- group geometry and trigonal pyramidal shape
D. A tetrahedral electron- group geometry and bent shape
Ex 4: Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shape of the SOCl2 molecule
A. A tetrahedral electron- group geometry and bent shape
B. A trigonal planar electron- group geometry and a trigonal planar shape
C. A tetrahedral electron-group geometry and a trigonal pyramidal shape
D. A tetrahedral electron-group geometry and a tetrahedral shape
Ex 5: Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shape of the SO3 molecule
A. A trigonal planar electron- group geometry and a bent shape
B. A trigonal planar electron-group geometry and molecular shape
C. A tetrahedral electron- group geometry and trigonal pyramidal shape
D. All are incorrect
Ex 6: Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shape of the SiCl4 molecule
A. Tetrahedral electron-group geometry, trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
B. Trigonal bipyramidal electron-group geometry, distorted tetrahedral molecular
geometry
C. Trigonal planar electron-group geometry, bent molecular geometry
D. Tetrahedral electron-group geometry, tetrahedral molecular geometry
Ex 7: Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shape of the SO2 molecule
A. Trigonal planar electron-group geometry, bent molecular geometry
B. Trigonal planar electron-group geometry and molecular molecular geometry
C. Tetrahedral electron-group geometry, trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
D. All is incorrect
Ex 8: Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shape of the BF4- ion
A. Trigonal planar electron- group geometry and a bent molecular geometry
B. Tetrahedral electron-group geometry, tetrahedral molecular geometry
C. All are incorrect
D. Tetrahedral electron-group geometry, trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
Ex 9: Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometric shape of the ClO4- ion
A. Tetrahedral electron-group geometry, tetrahedral molecular geometry
B. Tetrahedral electron-group geometry, trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
C. Trigonal planar electron- group geometry and a bent molecular geometry
D. All are incorrect
Ex 10: One of the following ions has a trigonal-planar shape: SO32-, PO43-, PF6-, CO32-
Which ion is it?
A. SO32
B. PF6-
C. CO32-
D. PO43-
Ex 11: Two of the following have the same shape. Which two? NI3, HCN, SO32-, NO3-
A. NI3, HCN
B. HCN, NO3-
C. NI3, SO32-
D. SO32-, NO3-
Ex 12: The molecular shape of is planar. If a fluoride ion is attached to the B atom of
through a coordinate covalent bond, the ion results. What is the shape of this ion?
A. It has a trigonal bipyramidal electron-group geometry and a distorted tetrahedral
shape.
B. It has a tetrahedral electron-group geometry and a trigonal pyramidal shape.
C. It has a tetrahedral electron-group geometry and a bent shape.
D. It has a tetrahedral electron-group geometry and a tetrahedral shape.
Ex 13: Which statement is correct?
Comment on the similarities and differences in the molecular structure of the following
four- atom species: CO32- and NO3-
A. CO32- and NO3- are trigonal planar, because the central atom has no lone pairs.
B. CO32- is trigonal planar while NO3- is tetrahedral.
C. CO32- is trigonal pyramidal because the lone pair on the central atom forces a shape
change, while NO3- is trigonal planar because the central atom has no lone pairs.
D. CO32- and NO3- are trigonal planar because the lone pair on the central atom forces a
shape change.
Ex 14: Which statement is correct?
Comment on the similarities and differences in the molecular structure of the following
four- atom species: SO32- and ClO3-
A. SO32- and ClO3- are trigonal planar, because the central atom has no lone pairs.
B. SO32- is trigonal pyramidal because the lone pair on the central atom forces a shape
change, while ClO3- is trigonal planar because the central atom has no lone pairs.
C. SO32- and ClO3- are trigonal pyramidal, because the lone pair on the central atom forces
a shape change.
D. All are incorrect
Ex 15: Predict which following molecules would NOT have resultant dipole moments:
SO2, SF6, H2S
A. SO2
B. SF6
C. H2S
D. All of them
Ex 16: Predict which following molecules would have resultant dipole moments: C 2H4,
NH3, CH2Cl2
A. C2H4 and CH2Cl2
B. NH3 and CH2Cl2
C. C2H4 and NH3
D. All are nonpolar
Ex 17: Identify the central atom(s) and propose a hybridization scheme for CO2
A. C is the central atom and is sp hybridized
B. C is the central atom and is sp2 hybridized
C. O is the central atom and is sp hybridized
D. O is the central atom and is sp2 hybridized
Ex 18: Identify the central atom(s) and propose a hybridization scheme for ClO3-
A. Cl is the central atom and is sp3d hybridized
B. Cl is the central atom and is sp3 hybridized
C. Cl is the central atom and is sp2 hybridized
D. O is the central atom and is sp3 hybridized
Ex 19: Identify the central atom(s) and propose a hybridization scheme for CO32-
A. C is the central atom and is sp3 hybridized
B. O is the central atom and is sp2 C is the central atom and is sp3 hybridized hybridized
C. C is the central atom and is sp2 hybridized
D. O is the central atom and is sp3 hybridized
Ex 20: Identify the central atom(s) and propose a hybridization scheme for NO2-
A. O is the central atom and is sp2 hybridized
B. N is the central atom and is sp3 hybridized
C. O is the central atom and is sp hybridized
D. N is the central atom and is sp2 hybridized
CHAPTER 5
Ex 1: Which would you expect to have the higher boiling point, the hydrocarbon fuel
butane, C4H10 or the organic solvent acetone (CH3)2CO?

A. Butane
B. Acetone
C. The same boiling point due to the same molecular mass
D. Do not have enough information to conclude
Ex 2: Arrange the following in the expected order of increasing boiling point: C3H8, CO2,
CH3CN
A. CH3CN < CO2 < C3H8
B. C3H8 < CO2 < CH3CN
C. CO2 < CH3CN < C3H8
D. CO2 < C3H8 < CH3CN
Ex 3: Arrange the following in the expected order of increasing boiling point: C8H18,
CH3CH2CH2CH3, (CH3)3CH, C6H5CHO (octane, butane, isobutane, and benzaldehyde
respectively)
A. (CH3)3CH < CH3CH2CH2CH3 < C6H5CHO < C8H18
B. (CH3)3CH < CH3CH2CH2CH3 < C8H18 < C6H5CHO
C. C8H18 < C6H5CHO < CH3CH2CH2CH3 < (CH3)3CH
D. C8H18 < (CH3)3CH < C6H5CHO < CH3CH2CH2CH3
Ex 4: When another atom or group of atoms is substituted for one of the hydrogen atoms
in benzene, the boiling point changes. Arrange the following in the expected order of
increasing boiling point: C6H5Cl, C6H5Br, C6H5OH.
A. C6H5Br < C6H5Cl < C6H5OH
B. C6H5Cl < C6H5Br < C6H5OH
C. C6H5OH < C6H5Br < C6H5Cl
D. C6H5OH < C6H5Cl < C6H5Br
Ex 5: Arrange the liquids represented by the following molecular models in the expected
order of increasing normal boiling point: (a) ethanol, (b) carbon disulfide, (c) 1,2-
dihydroxyethanol, (d) butane

A. a < b < c < d

B. b < c < a < d
C. d < b < a < c
D. d < c < b < a
Ex 6: Arrange the liquids represented by the following molecular models in the expected
order of increasing viscosity at 25°C: (a) propane-1,2-diol, (b) ethanol, (c) ethane thiol,
(d) butanol
A. (c) < (b) < (d) < (a)
B. (b) < (c) < (a) < (d)
C. (a) < (d) < (b) < (c)
D. (d) < (a) < (c) < (b)
Ex 7: One of the following substances is a liquid at room temperature and the others are
gaseous: CH3OH, C3H8, N2, N2O. Which do you think is the liquid?
A. C3H8
B. N2
C. N2O
D. CH3OH
Ex 8: In which of the following compounds do you think that intramolecular hydrogen
bonding is an important factor: CH3CH2CH2CH3, HOOC(CH2)4COOH, CH3COOH,
ortho- phthalic acid?

A. CH3COOH
B. CH3CH2CH2CH3
C. HOOC(CH2)4COOH
D. ortho- phthalic acid
Ex 9: How many water molecules can hydrogen bond to methanol (CH3OH)?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. Methanol does not form hydrogen bond to water.
Ex 10: What is the maximum number of hydrogen bonds that can form between two
acetic acid molecules?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
Ex 11: Rank the following in order of increasing surface tension (at room temperature):
(a) CH3OH, (b) CCl4, (c) CH3CH2OCH2CH3
A. (a) < (b) < (c)
B. (b) < (a) < (c)
C. (b) < (c) < (a)
D. (c) < (a) < (b)
Ex 12: Which statement is incorrect?
Ionic Crystals are:
A. Lattice points occupied by cations and anions
B. Held together by electrostatic attraction
C. Soft, brittle, high melting point
D. Poor conductor of heat and electricity
Ex 13: Which statement is incorrect?
Covalent crystals are:
A. Lattice points occupied by atoms
B. Held together by covalent bonds
C. Hard, low melting point
D. Poor conductor of heat and electricity
Ex 14: Which statement is incorrect?
Molecular crystals are:
A. Lattice points occupied by molecules
B. Held together by intermolecular forces
C. Soft, low melting point
D. Good conductor of heat and electricity
Ex 15: Which statement is incorrect?
Metallic crystals are:
A. Lattice points occupied by metal atoms
B. Held together by ionic bonds
C. Soft to hard, low to high melting point
D. Good conductors of heat and electricity
CHAPTER 7
Ex 1: How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 7.35 g of water from 21 ℃ to
98℃? (Assume the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g. ℃ throughout this temperature
range)
A. 3.01 × 103 J
B. 645 J
C. 2.36 × 103 J
D. 135.4 J
Ex 2: How much heat, in kilojoules (kJ), is required to raise the temperature of 237 g of
cold water from 4.0℃ to 37.0℃ (body temperature)? Assume the specific heat of water
is 4.18 J/g.℃ throughout this temperature range.
A. 32.7 kJ
B. 32691.78 kJ
C. 7821 kJ
D. 7.821 kJ
Ex 3: How much heat, in kilojoules (kJ), is required to raise the temperature of 2.50 kg
Hg (l) from -20.0℃ to -6.0℃? Assume a density of 13.6 g/ml and a molar heat capacity
of 28.0 J/mol.℃ and molecular mass of 200.59 g/mol for Hg (l)
A. -1.96 × 105 kJ
B. -4.89 kJ
C. 1.96 × 105 kJ
D. 4.89 kJ
Ex 4: How much heat, in kilojoules (kJ), is required to cool the temperature of 4.50 kg
Hg (l) from 10.0℃ to -20.0℃? Assume a density of 13.6 g/ml and a molar heat capacity
of 28.0 J/mol.℃ and molecular mass of 200.59 g/mol for Hg (l)
A. -3780 kJ
B. 18.84 kJ
C. 3780 kJ
D. -18.84 kJ
Ex 5: Calculate the final temperature that results when a 12.6 g sample of water at 22.9℃
absorbs 875 J of heat. Assume the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g.℃ throughout this
temperature range.
A. 39.5℃
B. 6.3℃
C. -37.6℃
D. 32.1℃
Ex 6: Calculate the quantity of heat, in kilojoules, associated with a 33.5℃ decrease in
temperature in a 217 mol aluminum bar, specific heat of aluminum is 0.903 J/g.℃, MAl =
27 g/mol.
A. 117 kJ
B. -117 kJ
C. -6.6 kJ
D. 6.6 kJ
Ex 7: A 75.0 g piece of Ag metal is heated to 80.0℃ and dropped into 50.0 g of water at
23.2℃. The final temperature of the A-H2O mixture is 27.6℃. What is the specific heat
of silver? Assume the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g. ℃ throughout this temperature
range.
A. -0.234 J/g.℃
B. 33.19 J/g.℃
C. 0.234 J/g.℃
D. -33.19 J/g.℃
Ex 8: A 465 g chunk of iron is removed from an oven and plunged into 375 g water in an
insulated container. The temperature of the water increases from 26℃ to 87℃. If the
specific heat of iron is 0.499 J/g.℃ and water is 4.18 J/g. ℃, what must have been the
original temperature of the iron?
A. 545℃
B. 554℃
C. 455℃
D. 345℃
Ex 9: What volume of water must be added together with a 1.23 kg piece of iron at
68.5℃ so that the temperature of the water in the insulated container shown in the figure
remains constant at 25.6°C?

A. 80 mL
B. 8 L
C. 800 mL
D. 800 L
Ex 10: How much heat, in kilojoules, is associated with the production of 283 kg of
slaked lime, Ca(OH)2?
CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (s), ∆H° = -65.2 kJ
A. 2.49 × 105 kJ
B. -2.49 × 105 kJ
C. 1.85 × 104 kJ
D. -1.85 × 104 kJ
Ex 11: The combustion of methane gas, the principal constituent of natural gas, is
represented by the equation:
CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g), ∆H° = -890.3 kJ
What mass of methane, must be burned to liberate 2.8× 107 kJ of heat?
A. 31,4 g
B. 31450 kg
C. 503 kg
D. 503 g
Ex 12: How much heat is associated with the complete combustion of 1.00 kg of sucrose,
C12H22O11?
C12H22O11 (s) + 12O2 (g) → 12CO2 (g) + 11H2O (l), ∆H° = -5.65 × 103 kJ
A. -16520 kJ
B. 16520 kJ
C. -16.5 kJ
D. 16.5 kJ
Ex 13: What mass of sucrose must be burned to produce 106 J of heat?
C12H22O11 (s) + 12O2 (g) → 12CO2 (g) + 11H2O (l), ∆H° = -5.65 × 103 kJ
A. 177 g
B. 60530 g
C. 5.65 g
D. 60.6 g
Ex 14: Use data from table 7.2 to calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion of
ethane, C2H6, a component of natural gas, at 298.15 K
C2H6 (g) + 3.5O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l)
A. 1559.7 kJ
B. -1559.7 kJ
C. -1597.08 kJ
D. 1597.08 kJ
Ex 15: Use data from table 7.2 to calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion of
ethanol, C2H5OH (l), at 298.15 K.
C2H5OH (l) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l)
A. 1367 kJ
B. 1234.7 kJ
C. -1367 kJ
D. -1234.7 kJ
Ex 16: Use data from table 7.2 to calculate the standard enthalpy changes in the reaction:
C3H8 (g) + H2 (g) → C2H6 (g) + CH4 (g)
A. -55.7 kJ
B. -111.38 kJ
C. 111.38 kJ
D. 55.7 kJ
Ex 17: Use data from table 7.2 to calculate the standard enthalpy changes in the reaction:
2H2S (g) + 3O2 (g) → 2SO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)
A. 1124 kJ
B. 1036 kJ
C. -1124 kJ
D. -1036 kJ
Ex 18: The standard enthalpy of formation of NH3 (g) is -46.11 kJ/mol NH3. What is ∆H°
for the following reaction?

A. -30.74 kJ
B. 30.74 kJ
C. -30.74 kJ/mol
D. 30.74 kJ/mol
Ex 19: Use Hess’s law to determine ∆H° for the reaction CO (g) + 1/2O2 (g) → CO2 (g),
given that:

A. -504.05 kJ
B. -448.78 kJ
C. -307.295 kJ
D. -282.97 kJ
Ex 20: Use Hess’s law to determine ∆H° for the reaction C3H4 (g) + 2H2 (g) → C3H8 (g),
given that:
A. -289.6 kJ
B. -4441.9 kJ
C. 1653.7 kJ
D. 853.7 kJ
Ex 21: Determine ∆H° for the following reaction, N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g), expressed
in terms of ∆H°1, ∆H°2, ∆H°3.

A. 3∆H°3 - 2∆H°1 + 2∆H°2

B. 2∆H°1 + 2∆H°2 -3∆H°3
C. ∆H°3 + 2∆H°1 - ∆H°2
D. ∆H°1 + ∆H°2 - ∆H°3
Ex 22: Use Hess’s law to determine ∆H° for the reaction C2H4 (g) + Cl2 (g) → C2H4Cl2
(l), given that:

A. -116.3 kJ
B. -839.8 kJ
C. -361.75 kJ
D. -217.5 kJ
Ex 23: Use Hess’s law to determine ∆H° for the reaction N2H4 (l) + 2H2O2 (l) → N2 (g) +
4H2O (l), given that:

A. -1569.4 kJ
B. -818.2 kJ
C. -1095.8 kJ
D. -137.2 kJ
Ex 24: Use Hess’s law to determine ∆H° for the reaction:
CH4 (g) + 1/2O2 (g) → CO (g) + 2H2 (g)

A. -143 kJ
B. -102 kJ
C. -35.8 kJ
D. -272.5 kJ
CHAPTER 8:
Ex 1: Predict whether the following process involves an increase or a decrease in entropy
or whether the outcome is uncertain: The decomposition of ammonium nitrate (a fertilizer
and a highly explosive compound): 2NH4NO3 (s) → 2N2 (g) + 4H2O (g) + O2 (g)
A. Entropy increases
B. Entropy decreases
C. Entropy does not change
D. Cannot determine whether entropy increases or decreases
Ex 2: Predict whether the following process involves an increase or a decrease in entropy
or whether the outcome is uncertain: The conversion of (a key step in the manufacture of
sulfuric acid): 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g)
A. Entropy increases
B. Entropy decreases
C. Entropy does not change
D. Cannot determine whether entropy increases or decreases
Ex 3: Predict whether the following process involves an increase or a decrease in entropy
or whether the outcome is uncertain: The extraction of sucrose from cane sugar juice:
C12H22O11 (aq) → C12H22O11 (s)
A. Entropy increases
B. Entropy decreases
C. Entropy does not change
D. Cannot determine whether entropy increases or decreases
Ex 4: Predict whether the following process involves an increase or a decrease in entropy
or whether the outcome is uncertain: The water gas shift reaction (involved in the
gasification of coal): CO (g) + H2O (g) → CO2 (g) + H2 (g)
A. Entropy increases
B. Entropy decreases
C. Entropy does not change
D. Cannot determine whether entropy increases or decreases
Ex 5: Predict whether the following process involves an increase or a decrease in entropy
or whether the outcome is uncertain: The Claus process for removing H2S from natural
gas: 2H2S (g) + SO2 (g) → 3S (s) + 2H2O (g)
A. Entropy increases
B. Entropy decreases
C. Entropy does not change
D. Cannot determine whether entropy increases or decreases
Ex 6: Predict whether the following process involves an increase or a decrease in entropy
or whether the outcome is uncertain: The decomposition of mercury(II) oxide:
2HgO (s) → 2Hg (l) + O2 (g)
A. Entropy increases
B. Entropy decreases
C. Entropy does not change
D. Cannot determine whether entropy increases or decreases
Ex 7: From the data given in the following table, determine ∆S for the reaction:
NH3 (g) + HCl (g) → NH4Cl (s). All data are at 298K

A. -285 J
B. 285 J/mol
C. -285 J/mol
D. -2.8 kJ
Ex 8: At 298K, for the reaction 2PCl3 (g) + O2 (g) → 2POCl3 (l), ∆H° = -620.2 kJ and the
standard molar entropies are PCl3 (g): 311.8 J K-1; O2 (g): 205.1 J K-1; POCl3 (l): 222.4 J
K-1. Determine ∆G° at 298K.
A. 87 kJ K-1
B. 114 kJ
C. -532 kJ K-1
D. -506 kJ
Ex 9: At 298K, for the reaction 2H+ (aq) + 2Br- (aq) + 2NO2 (g) → Br2 (l) + 2HNO2 (aq),
∆H° = -61.6 kJ and the standard molar entropies are H+ (aq): 0 J K-1; Br- (aq): 82.4 J K-1;
NO2 (g) 240.1 J K-1; Br2 (l): 152.2 J K-1; HNO2 (aq): 135.6 J K-1. Determine ∆G° at 298K.
A. 66 kJ
B. 4.4 kJ
C. 65975 J K-1
D. 4436 J K-1
Ex 10: Use Hess’s law to determine ∆H° for the reaction: C(gr) + ½ O2(k) → CO(k)
Note:
C(gr) + O2(k) → CO2(k), ∆Ho1 = -393.51 kJ/mol
CO(k) + ½O2(k) → CO2(k), ∆Ho2 = -282.99 kJ/mol
A. -393.51kJ
B. – 282.99 kJ
C. – 110.52 kJ

D. + 110.52 kJ

Ex 11: Which statement is correct?

There are 3 processes:

(1) H2O (l) → H2O (r) DS1

(2) 2Cl (k) → Cl2 (l) DS2

(3) C2H4 (k) + H2 (k) → C2H6 (k) DS3

Entropy changes of these processes are:

A. DS1 > 0, DS2 < 0, DS3 < 0

B. DS1 < 0, DS2 < 0, DS3 > 0

C. Both are negative
D. Both are positive
Ex 12: Arrange the entropy changes of the following processes, all at 25℃, in the
expected order of increasing ∆S:
(a) H2O (l, 1 atm) → H2O (g, 1 atm)
(b) CO2 (s, 1 atm) → CO2 (g, 10 mmHg)
(c) H2O (l, 1 atm) → H2O (g, 10 mmHg)
A. (a) < (c) < (b)

B. (b) < (a) < (c)

C. (a) < (b) < (c)

D. (b) < (c) < (a)

Ex 13: For these 4 reactions

½ N2 (k) + 3/2 H2 (k) → NH3 (k), H
N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) → 2 NH3 (k), H1
3/2 N2 (k) + 9/2 H2 (k) → 3 NH3 (k), H2

2 N2 (k) + 6 H2 (k) → 4 NH3 (k), H3

Which statement is correct?

A. H1 = 2H; H2 = 3H; H3 = 4H

B. H1 = H2 = H3 = H

C. H1 = 1/2H; H2 = 3/2H; H3 = 2H

D. H1 = 1/3H; H2 = 2/3H; H3 = ½H

Ex 14: Which statement is correct?

A. H2O(l) → H2O(k), DS < 0

B. 2Cl(k) → Cl2(l), DS > 0

C. C2H4(k) + H2(k) → C2H6 (k), DS > 0

D. N2(k) + 3H2(k) → 2NH3(k), DS < 0

Ex 15: The standard Gibbs energy change for the reaction:

CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l) ↔ CH3COO- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

is 27.07kJ/mol at 298K. Use this thermodynamic quantity to decide in which
direction the reaction is spontaneous when the concentrations of CH3COOH (aq),
CH3COO- (aq) and H3O+ (aq) are 0.10M, 1.0 × 10-3M and 1.0 × 10-3M,
respectively.

A. the reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction

B. the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction

C. The reaction is at equilibrium

D. Do not have enough information to conclude

Ex 16: The standard Gibbs energy change for the reaction:

NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) ↔ NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

is 29.05kJ/mol at 298K. Use this thermodynamic quantity to decide in which

direction the reaction is spontaneous when the concentrations of NH3 (aq), NH4+
(aq) and OH- (aq) are 0.10M, 1.0 × 10-3M and 1.0 × 10-3M, respectively.

A. the reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction

B. the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction

C. The reaction is at equilibrium

D. Do not have enough information to conclude

Ex 17: For the reaction: 2NO (g) + O 2 (g) → 2NO2 (g), all but one of the following is
incorrect. Which is incorrect?

A. K = Kp

B. ∆S° = (∆G° - ∆H°)/T

C. Kp = e-∆G°/RT
D. ∆G = ∆G° + RT ln Q

Ex 18: For the reaction: 2NO (g) + O 2 (g) → 2NO2 (g), all but one of the following is
incorrect. Which is incorrect?

A. K = Kp

B. ∆S° = (-∆G° + ∆H°)/T

C. Kp = e∆G°/RT

D. ∆G = ∆G° + RT ln Q