8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Special Products and Factors
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Special Products and Factors

First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Angelito Mara Bulala, MAED-MATH

Ethel Bernadas Canda, MAT-MATH

Editors: Julius Jotojot Igot, EdD

Kenneth Regene Barbarona Blasco, MAEM

Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

Faustino N. Toradio, PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Felix C. Galacio Jr., PhD

EPS, Mathematics

Josephine D. Eronico, PhD

EPS, LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Bohol

Department of Education – Region VII, Central Visayas

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Learning Competencies: Factors completely different types of polynomials (polynomials with common
monomial factor, difference of two squares, sum and difference of two cubes, perfect square trinomials,
and general trinomials). M8AL-Ia-b-1

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to find the factors of polynomials with:
 a common monomial factor;
 difference of two squares; and
 sum and difference of two cubes.

LESSON 1: Factoring with Greatest Common Monomial Factor

What is it
The process of finding the factors of an expression is called factoring, which is the reverse
process of multiplication. A prime number is a number greater than 1, which has only two positive
factors, which are 1 and itself. The first type of factoring is Factoring the Greatest Common
Monomial Factor (GCF).
Example: Factor completely 12x3y5 - 20x5y2z
Solution:
Step1. Find the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of the numerical coefficients by finding the
largest number that divides each of the numerical coefficients in the polynomial.
12 can be divided by 2,3,4,12
20 can be divided by 2,4,5,20
The GCF of 12 and 20 is 4.
Step 2. Find the variable with the least exponent that appears in each term of the
polynomial.
x and y are both common to all terms and 3 is the smallest exponent for x and
2 is the smallest exponent for y, thus, x3y2 is the GCF of the variables.
Step 3. The product of the greatest common factor in (Step1) and (Step2) is the GCF of the
polynomial. (4)(x y ) = 4x y
3 2 3 2

Hence, 4x y is the GCF of 12x y  - 20x y z.

3 2 3 5 5 2

Step 4. Divide each term in the polynomial by the GCF to obtain the other factor of the
polynomial.

12 x 3 y5 20 x 5 y 2 z
-
4 x3 y 2 4 x3 y 2

Thus, the other factor of the polynomial is 3y3 – 5x2z.

Step 5. The complete factor of the polynomial is in the form (GCF)(The other factor).
Therefore, the complete factors of 12x y  - 20x y z is (4x y )(3y  -
3 5 5 2 3 2 3
5x2z).

What’s More

Factor completely the following polynomials by following the steps above.

1. 32d4 + 8d 2. 80ax3 – 75x2 – 15a2x5 3. 2(m-n) + 8(m-n)

LESSON 2: Factoring the Difference of Two Squares

What is it
Factoring an expression that is in the form of the difference of two squares, a 2 – b2, is the reverse
of multiplying the sum two numbers/expressions, (a+b) by the difference of these two
numbers/expressions, (a-b). This can be presented by the following formula:
Example :
Find the factors of 9x2 – 16.
Solution:
Step 1. Find the square roots of the two terms that are perfect squares.
√ 9 x2 = 3x, since (3x) = 9x . Thus, 3x represents term (a).
2 2

√ 16 = 4, since (4)2 =16. Thus, 4 represents term (b).

Step 2. Write the factors by following the formula which is

Therefore, (3x)2 - (4)2 = (3x + 4)(3x – 4).

What’s More
Factor completely and show the solution of the following:
1. 36y2 – 81 2. 4x2 – 9y2

LESSON 3: Factoring the sum and difference of two cubes

What is it
To factor an expression in the form of the sum and difference of two cubes, we can use the
formula:
a3  +  b3  = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)
(sum of cubes)=(binomial) (trinomial)

a3  –  b3  = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)

(difference of cubes)=(binomial) (trinomial)

Take note that the factors are a binomial and a trinomial.

Example 1: Find the factors of 27x3 + 8.

Solution:(Long method)
a. To find the binomial factor, the following steps are used:
Step 1. Take the cube root of the first term of the given expression.
√3 27 x 3 = 3x; since (3x)3 =27x3. Hence, 3x represents the term (a).
Step 2. Find the cube root of the second term of the given expression.
√3 8 = 2; since (2)3 = 8. Hence, 2 represents the term (b).
Thus, the binomial factor is 3x + 2.
b. To find the Trinomial factor, take these steps.
Step 1. Take the square of the first term of the binomial factor; a2 = (3x)2=9x2; minus
Step 2. The product of the two terms of the binomial factor; (a)(b) = (3x)(2)=6x; plus
Step 3. The square of the second term of the binomial factor; b2 = 22=4.
Thus, the trinomial factor is 9x2 - 6x + 4.
Therefore, the factors of 27x3 + 8 are (3x + 2) (9x2 - 6x + 4).

Example 2: Find the factors of 27x3 - 8.

Solution:(Short Method)
Step 1. Find the equivalence for the terms a and b.
√3 27 x 3 = 3x; since (3x)3 =27x3. Hence, 3x represents the term (a).
√3 8 = 2; since (2)3 = 8. Hence, 2 represents the term (b).
Step 2. Use the result of the term for a and b in step 1 to factor the difference of two cubes completely by
using the formula below.
a3   –  b3   = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)
(3x)3 - (2)3 = (3x – 2) (3x)2 + (3x)(2) + (2)2
= (3x – 2)(9x2 + 6x + 4)
Therefore, the complete factor of 27x3 – 8 is (3x – 2)(9x2 + 6x + 4).
 What’s More
Factors completely and show the solution of the following:

1. x3+64 2. x 3- y 3 3. 8 x 3+ 125 y 3

Assessment

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer on the
answer sheet provided. Write your solution in a separate sheet.

1. Which mathematical statement is correct?

a. (2x+3y)(2x-3y)=2x2 - 3y2 c. (2x+3y)(2x-3y)=4x2 - 6y2
b. (2x+3y)(2x-3y)=4x2 - 9y2 d. (2x+3y)(2x-3y)=6x2 - 6y2

2. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?

a. x2 – y2 b. x2 – 4 c. 4x2 – 16y2 d. 4x2 - 8

3. Find the missing terms: ___ x 3+ __ y 3 = (2x+3y)(4x2 - 6xy + 9y2).

a. 2 and 3 b. 4 and 9 c. 8 and 27 d. 27 and 8

4. Find the missing term: 25 x 4 y 4 - 30 x 3 y 2 - 5 x 2 y 2 = _______ - 6x – 1.

a. 5xy b. 5x2y c. 5xy2 d. 5x2y2

5. One of the factors of 12x2 - 20x is 4x. What is the other factor?
a. 3x+5 b. 3x-5 c. 5x+3 d. 5x-3

6. What is the GCF of 6 x 3-12x2 + 24?

a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 12

7. What are the factors of 25 x 2 - y 4 ?

a. (5x + y2) (5x - y2) c. (5x2 + y) (5x2 - y)
b. (5x – y2) (5x - y2) d. (5x2 – y) (5x2 - y)

8. Which of the following is the common monomial factor of 28 x 5 y 6 −8 x7 y 7 +12 x 3 y 6 ?

a. 4 x2 y 4 b. 4 x3 y 6 c. 4 x2 d. 4 x2 y 4

9. Which of the following is the factor of x 3− y 3 ?

a. (x− y )¿¿ ) c. (x + y )( x ¿ ¿ 2−xy+ y 2)¿
b. ( x + y ) (x ¿ ¿ 2−3 y + y 2)¿ d. (x− y )( x ¿ ¿ 2+ xy+ y 2)¿

10. Which of the following mathematical expressions are written in simplest form?
a.) ( 2x2) (16x – 4) c.) (3x – 5) (2x + 3)
b.) 2n2 – n + 1 d.) 3y2 + 15

References

2013. Mathematics-Grade 8 learner's Module. Pasig City: DepEd-I

ARNOLD V. RANCES, CRISELLE ESPANOLA-ROBES. 2019. SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE 8.

MANILA: ST. AUGUSTINE PUBLICATIONS INC.
 Answer Sheet-Math 8

Name: __________________________________________________________

Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

Quarter 1 – Module 1

Lesson 1
What’s More
1.

2.

3.

Lesson 2
What’s More
1.

2.

Lesson 3 Assessment
What’s More 1. 6.
1.
2. 7.
2.
3. 8.
4. 9.
3.
5. 10.