8 Apply Environmental Work Standards

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sectors:
AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTOR
Basic Competency
FISH CAPTURE NC I
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: APPLY ENVIRONMENTAL WORK STANDARDS
MODULE TITLE: APPLY ENVIRONMENTAL WORK STANDARDS
GLOBE MARITIME TRAINING CENTER-MANILA INC.
Technical Vocational Education and Training Center
G. SALAZAR ST. WAWANG PULO VALENZUELA CITY.

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Welcome to the module in Applying environmental work standards. This module contains
training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Apply environmental work standards” contains knowledge, skills and
attitudes required for “Adopt Entrepreneurial Mindset in the Workplace”.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each learning
outcome of the module. In each learning outcome there are Information Sheets, Resource Sheets
and Reference Materials for further reading to help you better understand the required activities.
Follow these activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each learning
outcome. Get the answer key from your instructor and check your work honestly.
If you have questions, please don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance. Your facilitator
will always be an available to assist you during the training.
The goal of this course is the development of practice skills. To gain these skills, you
must learn basic concepts and terminology. For the most part, you’ll get this information from
the Information Sheets and TESDA Website, www.tesda.gov.ph.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency “Receive and
Respond to Workplace Communication”.
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this
particular competency independently and at your own pace, with minimum supervision or help
from your instructor.
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Remember to:
Work through all the information and complete the activities in each section.
Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested references are included
to supplement the materials provided in this module.
Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He / she is there to
support you and show you the correct way to do things.
You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice on the job. Make
sure you practice your new skills during regular work shifts. This way you will improve both
your speed and memory and also your confidence.
Use the Self-checks, Operation Sheets or Job Sheets at the end of each section to test your
own progress.
When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your Trainer to
evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your Progress chart and
Accomplishment Chart.
You need to complete this module before you can perform the next module Provide
Room Service.
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SUMMARY OF COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Basic Competencies
UNIT CODE Units of Competency (NC I Level)
Receive and respond to workplace

400311101
Communication
400311102 Work with others
400311103 Solve/address routine problems
400311104 Enhance self-management skills
400311105 Support innovation
400311106 Access and maintain information
400311107 Follow occupational safety and

health policies and procedures
Apply environmental work

400311108
standards
400311109 Adopt entrepreneurial mindset in

the workplace
Table of Contents
Summary of Learning Outcomes..............................................................................................5

Module Overview....................................................................................................................5
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Written Assignments...............................................................................................................6
Skills Demonstration...............................................................................................................6
SESSION 1: Identify environmental work hazards....................................................................7
Activity 1: Introductory Activity & Pre-Module Learner’s Reflection..............................................8
Activity 2: Comply with Environmental Work Requirements....................................................... 13
Activity 3: Environmental Hazards & Mitigation and Adaptation Measures................................18
Activity 4: Storage Method of Environmentally Hazardous Materials..........................................25
Activity 5: Occupational Health and Safety...................................................................................30
SESSION 2: Follow Environmental Work Procedures..............................................................35
Activity 6: Types of Pollution and How to Manage Them.............................................................36
Activity 7: Solid Waste Management............................................................................................ 43
Activity 8: Waste Water Management..........................................................................................48
SESSION 3: Comply with Environmental Work Requirements................................................53
Activity 9: Methods of Disposing Hazardous Wastes....................................................................54
Activity 10: Composting.................................................................................................................58
SESSION 4: Review and Assessment.......................................................................................66
Activity 11: Post-Module Learner’s Reflection..............................................................................66
Activity 12: Presentation of Mini-Projects and End-of-Module Assessment................................69
Key to Correction...................................................................................................................74
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Module 8: Applying Environment Work Standards
A Unit of Competency under Basic Competency on Environment Literacy
“A great safety culture: When people continue to work safely

and do the right thing even when no one is watching.”
(Maganda ang kulturang pangkaligtasan ng kompanya kung ang mga

empleyado ay patuloy na nagtratrabaho nang ligtas at ginagawa ang
tamang proses kahit walang nakatingin sa kanila.)
Unit Code: 400311108

Unit Descriptor: This unit covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to identify
environmental work hazards, follow environment work procedures and comply with
environmental requirements
Summary of Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of the module, you will be able to:
L.O. 1 - Identify environmental work hazards.

 L.O. 2 - Follow environmental work procedures
 L.O. 3 - Comply with environmental work requirements
Module Overview

Activity
 Recommended
Time
 Session 1: Identify environmental work hazards (L.O. 1)
1: Introductory Activity and Pre-Module Learner’s Reflection (30-45 minutes)
2: Comply with Environmental Work Requirements 30-45 minutes
3: Environmental Hazards & Mitigation and Adaptation 30-60 minutes
Measures
4: Storage Method of Environmentally Hazardous Material 30-60 minutes
5: Occupational Safety and Health Standards 30-45 minutes
 Session 2: Follow Environmental Work Procedures (L.O. 2)
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6: Types of Pollution and How to Manage them 30-60 minutes
7: Solid Waste Management 30-60 minutes
8: Waste Water Management 30-60 minutes
 Session 3: Comply with Environmental Work Requirements (L.O. 3)
9: Methods of Disposing Hazardous Wastes 30-60 minutes
10: Composting 30-60 minutes
 Session 4: Review and Assessment
11: Post-Module Learner’s Reflection (30-60 minutes)
12: End-of-Module Assessment (15-20 minutes)
Total Time 4.5 – 8.5 hours
Written Assignments
Please complete all written work in the module. Your skills in this module will be evaluated
through the following outputs:
 Environmental Issues (Activity 2)

 Workplace Hazards (Activity 3)
 Hazardous or Non-Hazardous? (Activity 4)
 Waste Management (Activity 7)
Skills Demonstration
The following activities are intended to help you develop the skill that this module is written
for:
 Mini-Project 1: Workplace Hazards (Activity 3)

 Mini-Project 2: Best Practices in Handling or Storing Hazardous Materials (Activity 4)
 Mini-Project 3: Solid Waste Management (Activity 7)
 Mini-Project 4: Infographic on Hazardous Materials (Activity 9)
 Mini-Project 5: Composting (Activity 10)
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SESSION 1: Identify environmental work hazards
Performance Criteria:
1.1 Related environmental hazards are recognized based on environmental work

standards
1.2 Environmental work standards are interpreted in accordance to relevant
policies
1.3 Required resources to minimize effect of environmental hazards are prepared
based on relevant environmental work standards
 Key Topics and Learning Points 
1. Environmental work requirements

2. Storage method of environmentally hazardous materials
3. Disposing hazardous wastes
4. Occupational Safety and Health Standards
 Five common environmental issues to address in the workplace include poor air quality and
ventilation, asbestos, mold, noise and ergonomics.
 An Environmental Management System (EMS), a set of processes and practices that help
businesses reduce their environmental impacts and increase their operating efficiency.
 Five types of environmental hazards that employers need to inform workers about
include those that are chemical, biological, unseen, ergonomic and electrical.
 Hazardous waste refers to any solid or liquid waste that is potentially harmful to people or
the environment
 Separate your hazardous and non-hazardous wastes into separate drums or containers.
 Environment (E), health (H) and safety (S) (together EHS) is a discipline that studies
and implements practical aspects of environmental protection and safety at work. It is
what organizations must do to make sure that their activities do not cause harm to
anyone or to the environment.
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Activity 1: Introductory Activity & Pre-Module Learner’s Reflection
Objectives:
 Identify the types of environment work hazards

 Determine the topics that are important for environmental work hazards
 Assess one’s knowledge and skills of environmental work standards
 Recommended Time: 30 - 45 minutes
Welcome to Module 8, which is about ENVIRONMENT WORK STANDARDS wherein you will be
learning to follow and comply with environmental work standards. Before we proceed, let us
have a review of your own understanding about environmental work hazard. Write five ideas
on how to have a safe environment in the workplace that will prevent harm to people and the
environment.
 Read the proverb at the beginning of the module. In your own words, how do you relate this proverb to
yourself? How is it related to an environmentally safe workplace?
Now it is your time to write your thoughts on the following questions in the space below.
Questions Your Thoughts

1. How important is it to have a safe working
environment?
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2. What are the most concerning environmental
issues people face in the community and in the
workplace?
3. How can environmental hazards cause

accidents in the workplace?
4. How can accidents in the workplace harm

the environment?
5. What can be done to prevent accidents caused
by environmental hazards in the workplace?
In order to keep workers and the environment out of harm’s way, it is important to be aware of
hazards in the workplace and the environment and to have a systematic way of managing such
hazards. In Module 7: Following Occupational Safety & Health Policies & Procedures (NC I), we
learned about occupational safety and health standards. In this module we will review some of
the key concepts related to OSH but will then extend it to the environment. Environment,
health and safety (EHS) is a term used to refer to the standards, laws, rules and regulations that
protect the safety and health of workers as well as the environment from hazards in the
workplace.
Read the module objectives and think about what you already know about the topic: Applying
Environment Work Standards in relation to the objectives. Write you answers in the first
column of the table below. Next, think about what you want to know about the topic and
objectives. Write your answers on the second column. Leave the third column blank for now.
K W L
What I Know What I Want to Know What I Learned
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Sharing is caring
This section encourages you to share your output to family and friends. You worked hard
on this so now it is time to tell others about the task you have just completed. It’s always

great to share your thoughts and hear feedback from people who care
Go ahead and share your thoughts based from your answers above with your family
and friends! Share your thoughts on the 5 questions above regarding keeping people
and the environment safe and get the opinions of those you are sharing with.
Remember that in this module you are going to learn about Environment Work
Standards.
Pre-Module Learner’s Reflection:

Applying Environment Work Standards (NC I Level)
Start-of-Module Skills Check
This is not a test but is a way for you to see what you already know or do not know about the
topics. You will read a skill that is listed in the left column. Think about yourself and your
experience. Then read the statements across the top. Check the column that best represents
your situation. The results will help you and your teacher know which topics may require
more time, effort and guidance.
Ito ay hindi pagsusulit. Ito ay isang paraan upang malaman mo ang iyong kaalaman,
kasanayan o kakayahan tungkol sa paksang ito. Basahin mo ang mga kaalaman, kasanayan o
kakayahan na nakalista sa kaliwang hanay. Magbalik‐tanaw sa iyong sarili at mga karanasan.
Basahin ang lahat ng mga pangungusap at i‐tsek ang sagot na naaangkop sa iyong sitwasyon.
Ang iyong kasagutan ay magiging gabay mo at ng iyong guro sa pagpapalawak ng iyong
kaalaman tungkol sa paksang ito.
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My experience 1 2 3 4
Knowledge, skills and abilities I don’t have I have little I have some I have a lot
any experience experience of
Kaalaman, kasanayan at kakayahan experience doing this doing this experience
doing this. doing this.
Mayroon Mayroon
Wala akong akong akong Marami
karanasan sa kaunting karanasan sa akong
paggawa karanasan sa paggawa karanasan sa
nito paggawa nito paggawa
nito nito
Identify the types of environment work

hazards /
Magtukoy ng mga uri ng pangkapaligirang
panganib sa trabaho
Explain the Environmental Management

System (EMS) of a workplace /
Maipaliwanag ang Environmental
Management System o EMS ng isang lugar ng
trabaho.
Identify environmental issues in the workplace
/
Magtukoy ng mga isyung pangkapaligiran sa
lugar ng trabaho.
Suggest solutions to environmental issues in
the workplace /
Makapagmungkahi ng solusyon sa mga isyung
pangkapaligiran sa lugar ng trbaaho.
Identify types of environmental hazards /
Matukoy ang iba’t ibang uri ng panganib
pangkapaligiran
Differentiate hazardous from non-hazardous
materials /
Matukoy ang pagkakaiba ng mapanganib sa
di‐mapanganib na materyales.
Identify proper storage for hazardous and non-
hazardous material /
Matukoy ang tamang pagtatago ng
mapanganib at di‐mapanganib na materyales
Define Occupational Health and Safety /
Mabigyang‐kahulugan ang Occupational
Health and Safety (OHS)
Identify types of pollution /
Matukoy ang iba’t ibang uri ng polusyon.
Define solid waste management /
Mabigyang‐kahulugan ang solid waste
management
Define waste water management /
Mabigyang‐kahulugan ang waste water
management.
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My experience 1 2 3 4
Knowledge, skills and abilities I don’t have I have little I have some I have a lot
any experience experience of
Kaalaman, kasanayan at kakayahan experience doing this doing this experience
doing this. doing this.
Mayroon Mayroon
Wala akong akong akong Marami
karanasan sa kaunting karanasan sa akong
paggawa karanasan sa paggawa karanasan sa
nito paggawa nito paggawa
nito nito
Identify ways of proper disposal of hazardous

waste /
Matukoy ang iba’t ibang paraan ng
pagtatapon ng mga mapanganib na basura.
Enumerate the steps of composting /
Malista ang mga hakbang sa pagco‐compost.
Explain the advantages of composting in
relation to waste management /
Ipaliwanag ang kabutihang dulot ng pagco‐
compost kaugnay sa pangangasiwa ng basura.
Follow environmental work procedures /
Sumunod sa mga pangkapaligirang
pamamaraan sa trabaho.
Comply with environmental work
requirements /
Sumunod sa mga alituntuning pangkapaligiran
sa trabaho.
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Activity 2: Comply with Environmental Work Requirements
Objectives:
 Identify environmental issues in the workplace
 Describe practices in the workplace that can negatively impact the
environment and how
 Suggest solutions to environmental issues in the workplace and community
 Recommended Time: 30 – 45 minutes

Think about a workplace that you have heard about in the news where there was an issue that
affected the health of the workers or the health of the environment.
1. What are some common hazards in the workplace environment that affect workers’
health and potentially the health of people in the community?
2. What practices happen in the workplace that can be harmful to the environment?
3. What can businesses do to prevent harmful practices that harm workers or the
environment?
Read below to supplement your answers.
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Key Facts 8.1: Environmental Issues in and around the Workplace
Employees spend almost a quarter of their lives at work, which means workplace environments
are a very important part of most people's lives. Working in a safe, healthy environment is
important for your physical safety, mental well-being and work productivity. A safe, healthy
workplace is also more likely to be better for the environment as long as the practices that take
place are environmentally-friendly. For example, disposing of hazardous materials needs to be
done in a way that follows environmental standards.
1
Five common environmental issues to address in your business:
1. Poor air quality and ventilation
Poor air quality is most common in manufacturing or work sites that release pollutants but
can also be found in standard office buildings. Air quality issues, including excessively high or
low humidity, can lead to eye irritation as well as sinus and respiratory issues.
2. Asbestos
Asbestos is an effective insulator that is often used to strengthen or fireproof materials.
However, asbestos exposure can lead to major health issues, so it has been banned in several
countries. The Philippines has a limited ban, allowing it for certain industrial processes.
Breathing in asbestos can lead to inflammation and respiratory or lung disease, including lung
cancer and mesothelioma. Employees who smoke or have asthma are at higher risk from
asbestos exposure.
3. Mold
Mold can form wherever moisture lives and reproduce through small spores, making it a
common workplace environmental issue. It grows from excess humidity, condensation, leaking
pipes, drips or flooding, all of which are easy to miss if you're not looking for them.
Exposure to mold can cause eye and throat irritation, nasal congestion, coughing or
wheezing, and even skin irritation.
4. Noise
Noise is present in any workplace but excessive noise levels can increase stress and decrease
quality of work. Employees may find it hard to concentrate on tasks or understand their co-
workers, which can quickly affect productivity.
Noise pollution also carries short- and long-term health risks for employees. Not only can
excess noise cause headaches or migraines, but repeated exposure can lead to hearing loss
and even heart disease.
1Adapted from Peek. S. (April 16, 2020). A Guide to Environmental Issues in the Workplace.
https://www.business.com/articles/guide-to-environmental-issues-in-the-workplace/
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5. Ergonomics
The study of ergonomics covers the working conditions that factor into employees'
productivity and well-being. Poor workplace ergonomics can cause fatigue and health issues,
reducing productivity and work quality.
Two common issues are poor lighting and uncomfortable desk chairs. Insufficient or excessively
bright lighting can not only cause eye strain but also impact decision-making when it comes to
visually assessing a product's quality. Uncomfortable chairs can lead to poor posture and a
variety of muscular, joint and bone disorders – potentially increasing your company's
healthcare costs and employee absenteeism.
Workplace Practices that Negatively Affect the Environment:
1. Burning of toxic materials and gases which are released into the atmosphere, causing
global warming. Global warming can lead to rising sea levels and temperatures, and
increased occurrence of typhoons, tsunamis, hurricanes and flooding.
2. Air pollution. Contaminated air can cause respiratory and lung illnesses in people and
can affect animals and plants as well.
3. Water pollution. Dumping toxic chemicals and other materials into waterways and the
ocean endanger marine, plant and human life.
4. Soil pollution. Toxins and other chemicals can leak into the ground or might be illegally
dumped without following environmental standards. This can contaminate soil, making it less
fertile and food production less. It can contaminate the crops grown which becomes an issue
for human and animal life.
Here are three things businesses and their employees can do to combat environmental
health issues in the workplace:
1. Educate yourself on environmental issues in business to ensure compliance.

2. Consult government and environmental experts on environmental work standards and
how handle health issues in the workplace.
3. Train employees on environmental issues in business and workplace practices that are
safe and healthy for people and the environment.
4. Establish an Environmental Management System (EMS), a set of processes and practices
that help businesses reduce their environmental impacts and increase their operating
efficiency.
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An EMS is an on-going process of planning, doing, evaluating, and identifying ways and policies which
will make it better.
Let’s Apply! Environmental Issues

Check your living room, kitchen and dining room for any environmental issues. Then walk
around your neighborhood and identify any environmental issues you see. Record your findings
below. Ask a family member or friend to help you analyze the issues and formulate a
recommendation to fix the problems.
Findings/ Issues Solution/ Recommendation

In the Home
In the Community
2 Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Learn about Environmental Management

Systems. https://www.epa.gov/ems/learn-about-environmental-management-systems
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Findings/ Issues Solution/ Recommendation
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Activity 3: Environmental Hazards & Mitigation and Adaptation Measures
Objectives:
 Identify types of environmental hazards and their impact on people and the
environment
 Describe ways to prevent hazards from happening
What are workplace hazards?
OSHA describes a hazard as a risk or threat that is associated with a workplace environment
or duty, which if neglected to be corrected may cause an injury or lead to illness for
employees or customers. Federal law dictates that it is the obligation of employers to provide
a secure and safe workplace. To fulfill this responsibility, employers must implement the
necessary precautionary measures to pinpoint and eliminate potential workplace hazards.
Here are five types of environmental hazards that employers need to inform workers about.
1. Chemical hazards
Jobs that involve handling chemicals present health risks to the employees. Exposure to
substances such as corrosives, fumes, vapors, liquids, and dust can be extremely harmful. This
may lead to irritation, sensitization, and carcinogenicity. Hence, it is crucial for an employer to
mitigate the risks through implementing safety protocols that minimize or even eliminate the
possibility of employees inhaling or ingesting the substances as well as absorbing them through
their skin.
Go around your house or workplace and list the chemical hazards that you have found.
Chemical Hazard What could the chemical What is the potential impact
cause? on the greater environment?
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Chemical Hazard What could the chemical What is the potential impact
cause? on the greater environment?
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2. Biological hazards
Employees with roles that involve interacting with other people, animals, or contagious
conditions are prime candidates for exposure to biological hazards. These risks include animal
droppings, fungi, viruses, blood, and mold.
At construction sites, encountering biological hazards is more likely to happen in demolition,

groundwork, or refurbishment. For example, workers in demolition sites.
Go around your house or workplace and list the biological hazards that you have found.
Biological Hazard What could the biological What is the potential impact
hazard cause? on the greater environment?
3. Unseen hazards
Working conditions that involve extreme heat or cold, spending long hours under the sun or
ultraviolet rays, radiation, or constant exposure to loud noises pose the risk of injuring workers
with or without any contact. A fairly common effect of this particular environmental hazard is
occupational hearing loss among workers exposed to extremely loud noises.
Go around your house or workplace and list the unseen hazards that you have found.
Unseen Hazard What could the unseen What is the potential impact on
hazard cause? the greater environment?
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4. Ergonomic hazards
Manual laborers are at risk for ergonomic hazards, which can result in disabling injuries
afflicting their joints and muscles. These injuries could be caused by unlabeled heavy loads,
tools or objects stored in hard-to-reach places, and standing in awkward positions when
completing tasks—particularly those involving weighted loads.
Go around your house or workplace and list the ergonomic hazards that you have found.
What could the unseen What is the potential impact on the
Ergonomic Hazard hazard cause?
greater environment?
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Go around your house or workplace and list the electrical hazards that you have found.
Electrical Hazard What could the electrical What is the potential impact
hazard cause? on the greater environment?
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These hazards, either at home or in the workplace, need to be identified and addressed to
ensure that safety is upheld in our environment. If left unattended or if not removed
immediately, we are endangering not only ourselves but also others. In some cases there is
also the wider impact on the environment, which we have to tend to just as carefully.
Let’s Exercise: Workplace Hazards

Read the following scenarios and identify the workplace hazard present. Suggest how you
could address or solve the hazard that you have identified.
Scenario:
Regina, a receptionist at a diagnostic laboratory

receives specimen containers filled with urine and
feces for urinalysis and fecalysis. She is also the
person entertaining clients who report to have colds,
flu and other communicable diseases.
Picture source: https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-in-white-

dress-shirt-and-black-vest-sitting-on-white-chair-4269273/
Hazards in the Workplace How to Address
(Give example and Type) (Suggestions on how to reduce exposure or
get rid of the hazard)
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Scenario:
Marco, a laboratory assistant, is in charge of document

filing in the radiology department. He is in charge of filing
documents and results for x-rays, CT scans and PET scans.
On several occasions he also had to accompany restless
3
patients inside the room when they are being x-rayed.

Scenario:
MJ, is currently working from home for a call

center. She works on the couch and a small
desk for long hours that by the end of the day
she experiences lower back pains and muscle
4
and joint pains around her wrists.

3 Picture source: https://www.pexels.com/photo/three-person-looking-at-x-ray-result-1170979/

4 Picture source: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-in-gray-hijab-sitting-on-couch-4620862/
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Let’s Apply: Mini-Project 1: Workplace Hazards
The first step is to look for a family member, a friend, or a nearby neighbor who is already
working. You are to interview the person to gather information on their experiences in the
workplace on what kind of hazards they experience while working and why. Ask if any of
these hazards also have an impact on the environment outside of the workplace. Take notes
in the table below and then prepare an action plan to help address the issues.
Name
Position
Company Name
Electrical hazards
Biological hazards
Ergonomic hazards
Chemical hazards
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Unseen hazards
Sharing is caring
on this so now it is time to tell others about the task you have just completed. Do it face to
face, via text, chat, or whatever means available and comfortable to you. It’s always great

to share your thoughts and hear feedback from people who care
Go ahead and share the information you collected and your suggested action plan with your
family and friends. You can also ask them about their personal experiences so that you can
learn from them too!
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Storage Method of Environmentally Hazardous Materials
Objectives:
 Differentiate hazardous from non-hazardous materials
 Identify proper storage for hazardous and non-hazardous material
 Quick Game: Original List

Let’s play a quick game.
1. List all the materials that you use daily in your workplace or at home in 3
minutes. For example, dishwashing detergent, hand soap, cooking oil…)
2. Cover your answer. Make sure that the next person cannot see your answers.
3. Call another co-worker (focus on workplace materials) or family member (focus
on materials at home) and have them create a list as well for 3 minutes.
4. At the end of 3 minutes, compare your lists.
5. If you have both written the material, then you’ll have to take it off your list.
6. The person who has more materials listed after comparing, wins!
Your List Their List
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Think about it!
Now go back to your list and together with your co-worker or family member, go over the
materials that you have listed. Categorize them as either hazardous or non-hazardous.
Determine how you handle or store them. You may use the writing space at the end of the
session if your list goes beyond 15.
Material Type Handling Storing

(Hazardous or Non-Hazardous) Procedure Procedure
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 Key Facts 8.2: Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Materials
5
Hazardous Waste Materials
Hazardous waste refers to any solid or liquid waste that is potentially harmful to people or the
environment. Many items fall under this category, but there are some common ones to
consider. Ignitable substances are everything from gasoline to propane, or anything that could
easily catch flame when exposed to heat. Corrosive materials include acids or bases, or any
product containing an acid or base, such as drain cleaners and batteries. Soil can also be
contaminated by lead, mercury, arsenic, pesticides, and metals. Contaminated soil is
commonly found in or near foundries, mining areas, paint factories, and agricultural centers.
5Excerpt from Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Learn the Basics of Hazardous Waste.
https://www.epa.gov/hw/learn-basics-hazardous-waste
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Non-Hazardous Waste Materials
Most of the items people consider household trash is non-hazardous. In most cases, food
waste is not dangerous and can be easily disposed of in a landfill or factory. The major
exceptions are used oil and cooking grease. Most furniture is made from wood or metal, which
isn’t harmful to people or the environment. This includes sofas, chairs, tables, and beds.
Six Steps to Better Track Hazardous Waste Storage and Non-Hazardous Wastes
1. Be sure to separate your hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Combining them all into
the same drum can be problematic. If you combine both types of waste in the same drum you
must dispose all of it as a hazardous waste, which is more expensive. It’s important to
segregate your waste streams and ensure hazardous and non-hazardous materials are stored
separately. This will save on disposal costs. Hazardous waste costs more to dispose than non-
hazardous wastes.
2. Set up a designated storage area and keep good track of the inventory as it is
deposited. Once you reach a certain predetermined threshold in the storage area then
schedule a pick-up of your waste by the waste hauler. If you have a large amount of waste
on a regular basis have the waste hauler schedule a weekly or monthly pick-up. This will
prevent your storage area from becoming too full and invading other areas.
3. Consider allowing only specified individuals to deposit waste in the storage area. By
limiting who can add waste to the storage area, those individuals can keep better track of the
inventory and schedule pick-ups when needed.
4. Always separate incompatible wastes in the storage area.
5. Always ensure drums are properly labeled and have the accumulation start date
(for hazardous wastes).
6. Be sure hazardous waste drums are hauled off-site before the allotted time frame (90 or
180 days).
Let’s Exercise: Hazardous or Non-Hazardous?

Identify the following wastes given below. Write H if its hazardous and NH for Non-hazardous
waste.
Waste Hazardous/ Non

Hazardous
Solvent-based paints
Motor oils (for example from cars or mowers)
Bottles
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Waste Hazardous/ Non
Hazardous
Petrol and kerosene
Obsolete computer equipment
Banana Peel
Pesticides and other garden chemicals
Farm manure
Batteries (for example car, mobile phone or regular household

batteries)
Pharmaceuticals (all medicines)
Let’s Apply: Mini-Project 2: Best Practices for Handling and Storing

Hazardous Materials
1. Interview 3 people who work in a workplace with hazardous materials. For example:
factories and laboratories with strong chemicals and reagents, garbage collectors, and
hospitals and clinics.
2. Ask them to name at least 2 hazardous materials that they have in the workplace.
3. Ask them to give at least 1 best practice for each – handling and storing these hazardous
materials.
Interviewee 1
Name
Position
Industry/Workplace
Hazardous Material Best Practice for Handling Best Practice for Storing
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Interviewee 2
Name
Position
Industry/Workplace
Interviewee 3
Name
Position
Industry/Workplace
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Activity 5: Occupational Health and Safety
Objectives:
 Define Occupational Health and Safety
 Describe the elements of a successful safety and health system in the workplace
 Write concepts that you know about Occupational Health and Safety. You can also ask a family member if
they know about OHS.
 Key Facts 8.3: Occupational Health and Safety

6
Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to health, safety, and welfare issues in the
workplace. OHS includes the laws, standards, and programs that are aimed at making the
workplace better for workers, along with co-workers, family members, customers, and other
stakeholders.
Improving a company's occupational health and safety standards ensures good business,
a better brand image, and higher employee morale.
Occupational health and safety is concerned with addressing many types of workplace hazards,
such as:
Chemicals
Physical hazards
Biological agents
6Excerpt from source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment,_health_and_safety

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Psychological fallout
Ergonomic issues
Accidents
Environment (E), health (H) and safety (S) (together EHS) is a discipline that studies and
implements practical aspects of environmental protection and safety at work. In simple terms it
is what organizations must do to make sure that their activities do not cause harm to anyone or
to the environment. The following are environmental considerations:
1.1 Air emissions and ambient air quality
1.2 Energy conservation
1.3 Wastewater and ambient water quality
1.4 Water conservation
1.5 Hazardous materials management
1.6 Waste management
1.7 Noise
1.8 Contaminated land
As a typical example, the activities of a health, safety and environment (HSE) working
group might focus on
exchange of know-how regarding health, safety and environmental aspects of a material

promotion of good working practices, such as post-use material collection for recycling
What makes a successful system in a workplace?
A successful system will be part of your overall business operation, as important as the other
things you do to succeed in business.
Successful safety and health systems have the following in place:
1. Managers committed to making the program work.

2. Employees involved in the program.
3. A system to identify and control hazards.
4. Compliance with OH&S regulations.
5. Training on safe work practices.
6. Mutual respect, caring and open communication in a climate conducive to safety.
7. Continuous improvement.
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Let’s Apply: Routine Activities
The first step is to look for a family member, a friend, or a nearby neighbor who is already
working. Based on the elements of a successful safety and health system in the workplace, list
routine activities that will help ensure a safe environment for workers and that is good for the
environment. Use the form below for this activity. Add rows as needed.
Daily
Weekly
Every 2 Weeks
Monthly
 Performance Criteria Checklist
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The Performance Criteria Checklist is an opportunity for you to assess your learning
outcomes in the session and know how well you did in doing the activities in this
session. You will speak to your facilitator to:
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1. Share your experiences in completing the session
2. Discuss your development and progress towards the intended skills
3. Plan how you will move forward to continue making progress in the module
Conduct a quick self-assessment and answer the table below.
Statements Please check YES if you have shown

or can do the statement, NO if you
Did you… haven’t shown it or cannot do it yet.
YES NO
1. Identify the types of environment
work hazards?
2. Explain the Environmental Management
System (EMS) of a workplace?
3. Identify environment issues in the
workplace?
4. Suggest solutions to environment issues
in the workplace?
5. Identify types of environmental hazards?
6. Differentiate hazardous from non-
hazardous materials?
7. Identify proper storage for hazardous
and non-hazardous material?
8. Define Occupational Health and Safety?
Guide to the Learner and Facilitator’s Discussion:

Topics to discuss during the Learning Check:
1. Parts of the module that were the easiest to answer/do.

2. Parts of the module that were the hardest to answer/do.
3. Parts of the module that need further clarification or explanation.
4. Additional support needed by the learner from the facilitator.
5. Review and check of the learner’s answers and outputs for the session.
6. Feedback on the learner’s performance in terms of the following: mastery of content,

skills development, and pace in answering the module.
7. Plans for how the learner will move forward with the module.
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Session 1 – Writing Space
Use this space to complete any of the written assignments above or write any thoughts
or ideas that have come to mind on the topic.
Congratulations on finishing Session 1 of Module 8!

You are now ready for Session 2!
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SESSION 2: Follow Environmental Work Procedures
2.1 Environmental protection precautionary activities are practiced based on

environmental work procedures
2.2 Work activities are executed in accordance with environmental work procedures
2.3 Environmental protection post-activities are accomplished based on environmental
work procedures
1. Types of Pollution
2. Solid Waste Management
3. Waste Water Management
 Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials or substances into the environment. The three main
forms are air, water and land pollution.
 Solid waste management refers to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes
 Wastewater treatment involves processes that aim to purify the water.
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Activity 6: Types of Pollution and How to Manage Them
Objectives:
 Identify types of pollution
 Apply proper methods in managing pollution
7
Look at the picture above. What can you see? Have you seen a similar sight in your own
barangay or nearby communities or cities? What is the effect on the environment and to the
persons living in that area if they have this kind of situation? If this continues, what do you think
will happen?
7 https://www.pexels.com/photo/yellow-excavator-in-garbage-mountain-3186574/
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 Key Facts 8.4: Types of Pollution and its Causes
8
What is pollution and what causes it?
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials or substances into the environment. It has
different forms and many different causes that can be either natural or caused by humans.
Pollution, for example, could be toxic gases released into the atmosphere from burning fossil
fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), ash from a volcano eruption or contaminated waterways from
the dumping of hazardous waste materials into rivers.
Types of pollution
The three main types of pollution we experience are that of air, water and land. In
addition there are other forms of pollution including radioactive, thermal, light and sound.
Type of Pollution Description

9
Air pollution Toxic gases and chemicals get suspended in air.
Sometimes it is visible such as smog over Manila or
exhaust from cars and other times you cannot see it.
Caused by natural events such as volcanoes erupting but mainly by the burning of coal, oil
and natural gases, releasing carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and
hydrocarbons into the air.
Causes eyes to burn, difficulties in breathing and lung cancer.
10
Water pollution When water becomes contaminated and unsafe to
drink due to things like garbage and chemicals being
thrown in.
Some natural causes such as oil and natural gas leaking into waterways but mostly human
causes such as dumping or seeping of oils and chemicals from factories, mining and drilling,
untreated sewage, chemicals in agricultural fertilizers.
Negatively impacts fish and other marine life as well as the water cycle. Without clean
water, humans can’t survive!
8 Betts, J. (n.d.). What are the 7 Different Types of Pollution? https://examples.yourdictionary.com/what-are-the-7-different-types-of-

pollution.html
9"smoggy morning" by uckhet is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
10 "Manila Bay" by ~MVI~ (warped) is licensed under CC BY 2.0
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11
Land pollution Similar to the causes of water pollution, land pollution
happens when the soil gets contaminated by
pesticides, fertilizers, chemicals and other toxic
substances being dumped or used.
Pollution in the land can seep into the ground water or run into lakes and streams creating a
vicious pollution cycle.
Trash is a form of land pollution and is all around in landfills or scattered about. Plastic,
paper, glass and metal products, old appliances and computers, old cars, are among the
many items one might see.
12
Radioactive pollution Takes place when activities like mining, nuclear
explosions, nuclear waste disposal and nuclear
accidents like those in Chernobyl and Fukushima
release more radiation into the environment.
13
Noise pollution Caused by loud noises that can hurt human ears and
animals and birds in the natural world. Places like
construction areas and airports are prime areas of
noise pollution.
11"Scavenged Trash at Smokey Mountain Landfill, Manila Philippines" by AdamCohn is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
2.0
12 https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-nuclear-plant-silo-under-orange-sky-at-sunset-2309992/
13 https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-in-blue-denim-jacket-holding-a-megaphone-5935755/
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14
Light pollution Excessive artificial light that is typically visible at night
and most prevalent in urban areas. It can disturb
humans’ sleep cycles and misguide migrating birds.
15
Thermal pollution Sudden increase or decrease in a body of water’s
normal temperature when factories or nuclear plants
use water for cooling processes. This reduces the
level of oxygen to fish and disturbs other marine life.
Let’s Apply: Pollution in My Environment

Think about the different environments in which you work and live. Identify examples of the
types of pollution you have learned about above. What steps do you think you and others could
take to minimize pollution at home, in the workplace and in the community in general? Use the
table below to record your thoughts.
In the Home
Example of Pollution Type of Pollution Action to Minimize
Pollution
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14https://www.pexels.com/photo/city-skyline-across-body-of-water-during-night-time-3611545/
15 https://www.pexels.com/photo/lighted-buildings-near-body-of-water-3105242/
In the Workplace
Example of Pollution Type of Pollution Action to Minimize Pollution
In the Community
Example of Pollution Type of Pollution Action to Minimize Pollution
Read the Key Facts 8.5 below to further think about actions you can take to minimize
pollution at home, in the workplace and in the community.
 Key Facts 8.5: Types of Pollution and its Causes
What is Pollution Prevention (P2)?

“Pollution prevention (P2) is any practice that reduces, eliminates, or prevents pollution at its source.
Reducing the amount of pollution produced means less waste to control, treat, or dispose of. Less
pollution means less hazards posed to public health and the environment.” 16
16 Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Learn About Pollution Prevention.

https://www.epa.gov/p2/learn-about-pollution-prevention
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17
Specific pollution prevention approaches
Sector or Area Ways to Reduce Pollution
Energy

Increase efficiency in energy use (ex: using LED lights instead of
incandescent light bulbs to produce
 Use environmentally friendly fuel sources such as natural gas,

renewable energy like solar, wind and hydro
Agriculture

Reduce the use of water and chemical input;
 Use less environmentally harmful pesticides
 Cultivate crops with natural resistance to pests
 Use manure instead of chemical fertilizers
 Use minimal tilling to prevent erosion and runoff
Industrial

Improve production process to produce less waste
 Use non-toxic or less toxic chemicals as cleaners, degreasers and
other maintenance chemicals
 Conserve water and energy use
 Reuse materials such as drums and pallets rather than disposing of them
as waste
Homes, Offices and


Use reusable water bottles instead of throw-away
Schools 
Turn off lights when not in use

Repair leaky faucets and hoses

Use eco-friendly cleaning products

Waste segregation: Separate hazardous and non-hazardous
materials for proper disposal, compost food waste, recycle items
such as paper and glass
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17
17 Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Learn About Pollution Prevention. https://www.epa.gov/p2/learn-
about-pollution-prevention
Think about it!

Reflect on the questions below and write your answers on the space
provided. 1. Is pollution prevention important? Why?
2. What type of actions can you take to prevent pollution in the home and workplace?
3. Would you rather prevent pollution or cure pollution? Why?
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Activity 7: Solid Waste Management
Objectives:
 Define Solid waste management
 Apply proper solid waste management
 What do you know about solid waste management? Look at the picture
segregation bins? How?
18
above. Have you used these
18 Source: https://www.pexels.com/photo/assorted-color-plastic-trash-bins-2682683/
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 Key Facts 8.6: Solid Waste Management
19
Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance which
is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use.
Categories of Waste
1. Organic waste: Kitchen waste, waste from food preparation, vegetables, flowers, leaves,
fruits, and market places.
2. Combustibles: Paper, wood, dried leaves, packaging for relief items etc. that are highly
organic and having low moisture content.
3. Non-combustibles: Metal, Tins, Cans, bottles, stones, etc.
4. Toxic waste: Old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer and pesticide
containers, batteries, shoe polish.
5. Recyclables: Paper, glass, metals, plastics.
6. Ashes or Dust: Residue from fires that are used for cooking.
7. Construction waste: Rubble, roofing, broken concrete etc.
8. Hazardous waste: Oil, battery acid, medical waste, industrial waste, hospital waste.
9. Dead animals: Carcasses of dead livestock or other animals.
10. Bulky waste: Tree branches, tires etc.
11. Soiled waste: Hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids.
What Is Solid Waste Management?
Solid waste management refers to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes
(other types of waste are liquid and gas which use different processes for disposal). It
includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of solid waste. In its scope,
solid waste management includes planning, administrative, financial, engineering,
and legal functions.
There are various methods of disposal of solid wastes including dumping, sanitary
landfill, incineration, composting and burial. There is also a movement towards “Zero
Waste” which is “the conservation of all resources by means of responsible production,
consumption, reuse, and recovery of products, packaging, and materials without
19 Excerpt from source: https://www.thebalancesmb.com/an-introduction-to-solid-waste-management-

2878102, https://www.dunedingov.com/live-work-play/dunedin-green-scene/the-7-r-s-refuse-reduce-repurpose-
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next_slideshow=1
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burning and with no discharges to land, water, or air that threaten the environment
20
or human health.”
The 7 Rs of Sustainability
Rethink: Rethink how you view natural resources. Understanding that natural resources
are limited can greatly influence the choices you make in your everyday life.
Refuse: Sustainability defines refuse as refusing to accept or support products or companies

that harm the environment.
Reduce: Reducing the number of resources used in your everyday life is the next step in the
resource management hierarchy. Start with small ways you can reduce your energy usage,
water usage along with reducing your garbage, food waste, plastic, and transportation.
Reuse: When you purchase an item, say a can of tomato sauce, think about how you are
paying for the sauce AND the jar or container it comes in
Repurpose: Before disposing of an item, consider the ways in which it could be repurposed or
repaired.
Recycle: There are various local recycling programs that you can partake in. Note these are all
separate programs and must be sorted separately.
Rot: Rot, also known as composting, is the act of turning food waste and other organics
back into nutrient-rich soil.
Let’s Practice: Waste Management
Identify if the following listed below are considered as RECYCLE, or DISPOSE
Solid Waste Recycle or Dispose

Empty Canisters
Broken Staplers
Empty water bottles
Empty ink cartridges
Broken mouse and keyboard
Used tires
Empty tin cans
20 Zero Waste International Alliance (December 20, 2018). http://zwia.org/zero-waste-definition/
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Broken hangers
Let’s Apply: Mini-Project 3 - Solid Waste Management

Go to 3 nearby workplaces in your community and observe how they manage their
solid wastes. Record your observations below.
Name of Establishment
Type of Industry
Solid Wastes
Process of Solid Waste

Management
Type of Industry
Solid Wastes

Management
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Type of Industry
Solid Wastes

Management
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Activity 8: Waste Water Management
Objectives:
 Define waste water management
 Apply proper waste water management
Think about ways in which you create wastewater in your home and workplace. Where does it
go? How is it treated? List examples below.
Find out more by reading the Key Facts 8.7 below on Wastewater
 Key Facts 8.7: Wastewater

21
What is Wastewater?
Wastewater is any water that requires cleaning after it is used. This includes water that has
been used for laundry, bathing, dishwashing, toilets, garbage disposals, and industrial
purposes. Wastewater also includes rainwater that has accumulated pollutants as it runs into
oceans, lakes, and rivers. Pollutants are unwanted chemicals or materials that contaminate air,
soil, and water.
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21 Excerpt from sources: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-
maps/wastewatermanagement#:~:text=The%20goal%20of%20wastewater%20management,after%20it%20has%2
0been%20used, and https://www.respondandrebuild.org/2017/12/23/top-4-types-of-wastewater-treatment- systems/
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Wastewater is usually divided into two major groups:
Point source wastewater includes wastewaters that enter natural waters (such as lakes, rivers,
and oceans) from defined locations. The most common point sources are sanitary sewers and
storm drains.
Non-point source wastewater is wastewater that is not connected to a specific source. This
includes runoff (water that drains away) from agriculture and urban (city) areas, and acidic
waters from mines. In many ways, point source wastewater is much easier to manage because
its source and the pollutants it contains are known. Non-point source wastewater, on the
other hand, is both hard to identify and treat.
What are the common pollutants present in wastewater?
Wastewater contains a wide range of contaminants. The quantities and concentrations of these
substances depend upon their source. Pollutants are typically categorized as physical, chemical,
and biological. Common pollutants include complex organic materials, nitrogen- and
phosphorus-rich compounds, and pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa).
Synthetic organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, microplastics, sediments, radioactive
substances, oil, heat, and many other pollutants may also be present in wastewater.
Wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment involves processes that aim to purify the water. There are two
stages, primary and secondary. The primary stage aims to allow solids to settle. The
secondary stage involves further purifying the water with biological processes. You can
watch a video for more information on specific wastewater processes watch:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbaZnsEkiX4
Think About It!
Reflect on the questions below and write your answers on the space provided.
1. What are the consequences if wastewater is not treated?
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2. List some activities that you can do to contribute to lessen wastewater.
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages if we reuse water?
1. Share your experiences in completing the session.
2. Discuss your development and progress towards the intended skills.
3. Plan how you will move forward to continue making progress in the module.

YES NO
1. Identify types of pollution and actions
to take to reduce pollution?
2. Define solid waste management?
3. Define waste water management?
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Use this space to complete any of the written assignments above or write any
thoughts or ideas that have come to mind on the topic.

You are now ready for Session 3!
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SESSION 3: Comply with Environmental Work Requirements
3.1 Required resources are utilized in accordance with workplace environmental

policies
3.2 Environmental hazardous and non-hazardous materials are stored in
accordance with environmental regulations
3.3 Hazardous and non-hazardous wastes disposed according to environmental
regulations
1. Hazardous waste
2. Hazardous waste disposal
3. Composting
 Hazardous waste is unusable materials that are dangerous or potentially harmful to the health of
humans and the environment.
 Waste disposal methods include source reduction & re-use; recycling & recovery, incineration and
landfills.
 Composting requires three components: human management, aerobic conditions, and
development of internal biological heat.
 Benefits of composting:
1. Adds nutrients to the soil.
2. Introduces valuable organisms to the soil.
3. Recycles kitchen and yard waste.
4. Reduces landfill waste.
5. Good for the environment!
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Activity 9: Methods of Disposing Hazardous Wastes
Objectives:
 Identify ways of proper disposal of hazardous waste
 Go back to the list in Activity 4 that you have initially created with your friend, how do you discard or
dispose these materials?
Materials Disposal Procedure
We can define hazardous waste as unwanted or unusable materials that are dangerous or
potentially harmful to the health of humans and the environment. Hazardous waste can
come in various forms (liquid, solid, gas, sludge), and it must be handled very carefully due
to its destructive and dangerous nature.
In an industrial context, hazardous waste includes common products like paint,

solvents, chemical residues, as well as by-products generated during industrial
processes.
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22
Key Facts 8.8: Waste Disposal Methods
Waste Disposal Methods
Source reduction & re-use: Source reduction is preventing waste right from the
beginning, before waste is created.
Recycling & recovery: When we recycle, we bring an object back to the state of raw material
that can be used again for further production. Recovery, happens when most of the material
considered as waste is used and processed in ways other than being destroyed.
Waste Incineration: Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion
of organic substances contained in waste materials by means of high temperatures. Waste
incineration eliminates waste and transforms it into a small amount of ashes, flue gas and
heat, which can be further used as energy for industrial processes.
Landfills: A landfill is a dumping ground where waste materials are disposed of by burial. It is the
oldest form of waste treatment and has the most disadvantages due to the high toxicity of waste
gases being released directly into the atmosphere. and to the sites being located relatively closed to
populated areas, especially in developing countries.
Think about it!
Reflect on the questions below and write your answers on the space provided.
1. What will happen if the proper methods in disposing hazardous materials are not
followed?
22 Adapted from TECAM. (n.d.). Hazardous Waste Disposal Methods: More About
Them https://www.tecamgroup.com/hazardous-waste-disposal-methods/
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2. What have you learned about yourself in terms of methods in disposing hazardous
materials?
3. Looking at your current practices in your workplace, how can you improve your
processes in discarding or disposing hazardous materials?
Let’s Apply: Mini-Project 4: Infographic on Hazardous Materials
Based on what you have learned from Activities 4 and 9, create an infographic about hazardous
materials, including some examples and the best practices for handling, storing and discarding
them.
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Sharing is caring
on this so now it is time to tell others about the task you have just completed. Do it face to
face, via text, chat, or whatever means available and comfortable to you. It’s always great

to share your thoughts and hear feedback from people who care
Go ahead and share your infographics above with your family and friends. You can also ask
them about their personal experiences so that you can learn from them too!
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Activity 10: Composting
Objectives:
 Enumerate the steps of composting
 Explain the advantages of composting in relation to waste management
Think about composting. Have you ever done it before? Why is composting beneficial? Write
down your thoughts and then read below to find out more information about composting.
 Key Facts 8.9: Composting

23
What is Composting?
Composting is the natural process of recycling organic matter, such as leaves and food scraps,
into a valuable fertilizer that can enrich soil and plants. Anything that grows decomposes
eventually; composting simply speeds up the process by providing an ideal environment for
bacteria, fungi, and other decomposing organisms (such as worms, sowbugs, and nematodes)
to do their work. The resulting decomposed matter, which often ends up looking like fertile
garden soil, is called compost. Fondly referred to by farmers as “black gold,” compost is rich in
nutrients and can be used for gardening, horticulture, and agriculture.
23 Hu, S. (2020). Composting 101. NRDC. Accessed from https://www.nrdc.org/stories/composting-101

on February 12, 2021.
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Organic discards can be processed in industrial-scale composting facilities, in smaller-scale
community composting systems, and in anaerobic digesters, among other options. This guide
focuses primarily on home composting, which is a great way to keep your organic discards out
of the waste stream and produce a valuable soil amendment for your own use.
What are the benefits of Composting?

Reduces the waste stream
Cuts methane emissions from landfills
Improves soil health and lessens erosion
Conserves water
Reduces personal food waste
24
Below is an infographic from ils.org on what a good compost needs to have.
24 Bilsens Brolis, L., and Platt, B. (2019). Community composting done right: A guide to best management
practices. Institute for Local Self-Reliance. Accessed from https://cdn.ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Ingredients-
for-Good-Compost.pdf on February 12, 2021.
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Not all waste at home or in the workplace can be used when composting, the image below is
25
an infographic that will show what to put and what not to put in your compost.
for-Good-Compost.pdf on February 12, 2021
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The image on your left is an illustration of a cross-section of a compost. It also shows the
measurements of a compost and the different layers found in it.
While the image below are the common steps to take when building a compost. Both of the
26
illustrations came from ils.org as part of their community composting initiative.
for-Good-Compost.pdf on February 12, 2021.
Work Readiness Modules on 21st Century Skills | USAID Opportunity 2.0 Program| Philippines Page 61
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27
Let’s Apply! Mini-Project 5: Composting
Here’s a quick activity to build a compost at home.
What you need
Clear plastic bottle

1 cup of fruit, vegetables, and other organic waste 1
cup of leaves or grass clippings
1 cup of shredded paper 5
cops of potting soil
1 or 2 cups of water Tape
Scissors
Permanent marker 3
paper plates
1 large bowl
1 measuring cup 1
spoon or cup
Method
1. Measure three inches down from the top of the clear plastic bottle, and draw a line
using a marker. Cut the bottle on the line that you drew so that the top can be removed. Once
cut, clean the plastic bottle.
2. Organize the materials to create the composting bottle. Place the organic food items,
shredded paper and leaves on separate plates. Fill a container with roughly five cups of
potting soil.
3. Layer the soil, leaves, paper, and organic materials in the clean bottle. Layer the items
as follows: soil, food matter, soil, paper, leaves or grass, soil.
4. Moisten the soil with one to two cups of water. Make sure that the water saturates each
layer of the composting bottle all the way down to the bottom of the bottle.
5. Place the top of the bottle back on the layered base and tape the bottle closed. The
bottle must be airtight for the composting to take place.
6. Using a permanent marker, label each layer of the composting bottle and also mark the
top of the soil level.
7. Place the composting bottle in a sunny location
8. Document your composting process and progress and record your observations on the
space provided in the next page.
27 https://www.clearwaycommunitysolar.com/blog/science-center-home-experiments-for-kids/composting-
and-food-waste-experiment/
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Think about it!
Talk to your family members or friends about the following:

1. Is there a way that you could reduce your rubbish in the future? How?
2. What you have you learned in terms of composting?
3. Will composting be effective if this is imposed in your workplace or household?
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1. Share your experiences in completing the session.
2. Discuss your development and progress towards the intended skills.
3. Plan how you will move forward to continue making progress in the module.

YES NO
1. Identify ways of proper disposal
of hazardous waste?
2. Enumerate the steps of composting?
3. Explain the advantages of composting
in relation to waste management?



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Use this space to complete any of the written assignments above or write any thoughts
or ideas that have come to mind on the topic.

You are now ready for Session 4
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SESSION 4: Review and Assessment
Activity 11: Post-Module Learner’s Reflection
Objectives:
 Reflect on knowledge and skills gained during the module
 Recommended Time: 30-60 minutes
Go back to your KWL Chart in Activity 1. Reflect on what you have learned in the module.
Write what you have learned in the third column of the KWL Chart. Continue answering the
questions on the second table.
K W L
What I Know What I Want to Know What I Learned
What questions do you now or still have How will you use what you have learned
about the topic? and what actions are you going to take
moving forward?
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Learner’s Reflection:
Applying Environment Work Standards (NC I Level)
End-of-Module Skills Check
Now that you have reached the end of the module, let us see if you are able to develop the
necessary skills in applying environment work standards. Conduct a self-assessment and
complete the table below.
Statements on my experience, knowledge, skills and abilities / Circle YES if you have shown or can do
Mga pahayag tungkol sa aking kaalaman, kasanayan at kakayahan the statement, NO if not.
I can… / Kaya ko nang… Bilugan ang Oo o Hindi kung naipakita o

nagawa mo na ang mga pahayag.
Identify the types of environment work hazards / Yes No
Magtukoy ng mga uri ng pangkapaligirang panganib sa trabaho. Oo Hindi
Explain the Environmental Management System (EMS) of a Yes No

workplace / Oo Hindi
Maipaliwanag ang Environmental Management System o EMS ng
isang lugar ng trabaho.
Identify environment issues in the workplace / Yes No
Magtukoy ng mga isyung pangkapaligiran sa lugar ng trabaho. Oo Hindi
Suggest solutions to environment issues in the workplace / Yes No
Makapagmungkahi ng solusyon sa mga isyung pangkapaligiran sa Oo Hindi
lugar ng trbaaho.
Identify types of Environmental hazards / Yes No
Matukoy ang iba’t ibang uri ng panganib pangkapaligiran Oo Hindi
Differentiate hazardous from non-hazardous materials / Yes No
Matukoy ang pagkakaiba ng mapanganib sa di‐mapanganib na Oo Hindi
materyales.
Identify proper storage for hazardous and non-hazardous material / Yes No
Matukoy ang tamang pagtatago ng mapanganib at di‐mapanganib Oo Hindi
na materyales
Define Occupational Health and Safety / Yes No
Mabigyang‐kahulugan ang Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Oo Hindi
Identify types of pollution / Yes No
Matukoy ang iba’t ibang uri ng polusyon. Oo Hindi
Define Solid waste management / Yes No
Mabigyang‐kahulugan ang solid waste management Oo Hindi
Define waste water management / Yes No
Mabigyang‐kahulugan ang waste water management. Oo Hindi
Identify ways of proper disposal of hazardous waste / Yes No
Matukoy ang iba’t ibang paraan ng pagtatapon ng mga Oo Hindi
mapanganib na basura.
Enumerate the steps of composting / Yes No
Malista ang mga hakbang sa pagco‐compost. Oo Hindi
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Statements on my experience, knowledge, skills and abilities / Circle YES if you have shown or can do
Mga pahayag tungkol sa aking kaalaman, kasanayan at kakayahan the statement, NO if not.
I can… / Kaya ko nang… Bilugan ang Oo o Hindi kung naipakita o

nagawa mo na ang mga pahayag.
Explain the advantages of composting in relation to waste Yes No
management / Oo Hindi
Ipaliwanag ang kabutihang dulot ng pagco‐compost kaugnay sa
pangangasiwa ng basura.
Follow environmental work procedures / Yes No
Sumunod sa mga pangkapaligirang pamamaraan sa trabaho. Oo Hindi
Comply with environmental work requirements / Yes No
Sumunod sa mga alituntuning pangkapaligiran sa trabaho. Oo Hindi
Look at your answers, were there boxes where you circled No? If there are, go back to the
activities in the module that will help you gain the skill identified in the statement. You can also
reach out to your facilitator/trainer to provide you with guidance on what activities you can do
in order to master the skill.
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Activity 12: Presentation of Mini-Projects and End-of-Module Assessment
Objectives:
 Present the output from the five mini-projects to show what has been learned
 Correctly answer the questions pertaining to the concepts discussed in the module
 Recommended Time: 15-20 minutes
Presentation of Mini-Projects: You will meet with the trainer and show him or her the output
from the five mini-projects you have done throughout the module. Explain what happened in
each mini-project and share what you have learned.
The trainer will use the rubric below to assess you.
Rubric on the Project for the Module
Instructions: Use this rubric/worksheet in rating the mini-projects for the module. Check if the
worksheets for the project have been completed by the learner. Refer to these worksheets
and the learner’s presentation when grading the project:
Mini-Project 1: Workplace Hazards (Activity 3)
Mini-Project 2: Best Practices in Handling or Storing Hazardous Materials (Activity 4)
Mini-Project 3: Solid Waste Management (Activity 7)
Mini-Project 4: Infographic on Hazardous Materials (Activity 9)
Mini-Project 5: Composting (Activity 10)
Summary of Feedback to the Learner on Applying Environment Work Standards Project
Presentation
Once done grading, provide your feedback to the learner.
Name of the Learner/Trainee

Name of the Facilitator/Trainer
Rubric:Put a check on the column that shows your rating for the project based on the
statements.
Statement 1 2 3 4
The learner was able to… Beginning Developing Mostly Accomplished
Accomplished
1. Identify workplace hazards
and prepare an action plan
to address them.
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Statement 1 2 3 4
Accomplished
2. Identify hazardous
materials in the workplace and
how to handle and store them.
3. Describe how nearby
workplaces manage solid
waste.
4. Create an infographic about
hazardous materials, including
examples and best practices for
handling, storing and discarding
them.
5. Build a micro-composter
Qualitative Feedback: Answer the questions below.
1. What went well?
2. How can the learner improve his or her project?
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End-of-Module Assessment
Congratulations for finishing Module 8: Applying Environment Work Standards for National
Certificate Level I! At the end of every module you will take a short assessment to see how much
you have learned. It will help you and your teacher identify the knowledge and skills you know and
what still needs reinforcing. The results will not affect your ability to continue in the program.
Structure of the Assessment: It has a total of 10 questions. Some questions are multiple choice
and some questions are true or false. You should choose only ONE answer for each question.
Once you have finished answering the questions, note down any clarifications you want to ask
your instructor.
Module 8: Applying Environment Work Standards (NC I)
English Tagalog
1. EMS stands for _____. 1. Ang ibig sabihin ng EMS ay _____.
a. Ecological management system a. Ecological management system

b. Environmental Management system b. Environmental Management system
c. Essential Monitoring System c. Essential Monitoring System
2. A hazard which can result in disabling 2. Ito ay isang panganib na maaaring

injuries afflicting their joints and makapagdulot ng pagsakit kasu-
muscles. kasuan at kalamnan.
a. Biological Hazard a. Biological Hazard

b. Chemical Hazard b. Chemical Hazard
c. Ergonomic Hazard c. Ergonomic Hazard
3. A hazard that involve interacting with 3. Ito ay isang panganib na

other people, animal, or contagious nagsasangkot sa pakikipag-ugnay sa
conditions. ibang mga tao, hayop o
nakakahawang kondisyon.
a. Biological Hazard
b. Chemical Hazard a. Biological Hazard
c. Ergonomic Hazard b. Chemical Hazard
c. Ergonomic Hazard
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4. Non-hazardous waste refer to any solid 4. Ang di-mapanganib nab asura ay
or liquid waste that is potentially harmful anumang solid o liquid na basurang
to people or the environment. may potensyal na makasama sa
mga tao o kapaligiran.
a. True
b. False a. Tama
b. Mali
5. Solvent-based paints and motor oils are 5. Ang mga pinturang base sa solvent
examples of hazardous waste. at mga langis ng motor ay
halimbawa ng mapanganib na
a. True basura
b. False
a. Tama
b. Mali
6. We can define hazardous waste as 6. May kaunting katotohanan ang

unwanted or unusable materials. fake news, hind inga lang ito 100%
na totoo.
a. True
b. False a. Tama
b. Mali
7. OHS relates to health, safety, and 7. Ang OHS ay may kaugnayan sa mga
welfare issues in the workplace. isyu sa kalusugan, kaligtasan, at
kapakanan sa lugar ng trabaho.
a. True
b. False a. Tama
b. Mali
8. Pollution Prevention (P2) is any practice 8. Ang pag-iwas sa polusyon (P2) ay

that reduces, eliminates or prevents anumang kasanayan o gawain na
pollution at its source. nagbabawas, nag-aalis, o pumipigil
sa polusyon, lalo na sa
a. True pinagmumulan nito.
b. False
a. Tama
b. Mali
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9. Wastewater is any water that requires 9. Ang wastewater ay anumang tubig
cleaning after it is used. na nangangailangan pang linisin
matapos itong magamit.
a. True
b. False a. Tama
b. Mali
10. An aerobic method (meaning it 10. Isang pamamarang aerobic

requires the presence of air/oxygen) (nangangahulugang
of decomposing organic solid wastes. nangangailangan ito ng hangin) ng
pagkabulok ng mga organikong
a. Decomposting solidong basura.
b. Composting
c. Reboosting a. Decomposting
b. Composting
c. Reboosting
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 Key to Correction
Activity 4 - Let's Exercise: Hazardous or Non-Hazardous?

1. Hazardous
2. Hazardous
3. Non-hazardous
4. Hazardous
5. Non-hazardous
6. Non-hazardous
7. Hazardous
8. Non-hazardous
9. Hazardous
10. Hazardous
Activity 7 - Waste Management

1. Recycle
2. Recycle
3. Recycle
4. Dispose
5. Dispose
6. Recycle
7. Recycle
8. Recycle
Activity 12 - Rubric on the Project for the Module
Instructions: Use this rubric/worksheet in rating the mini-projects for the module. Check if the
worksheets for the project have been completed by the learner. Refer to these worksheets
and the learner’s presentation when grading the project:
Mini-Project 1: Workplace Hazards (Activity 3)
Mini-Project 2: Best Practices in Handling or Storing Hazardous Materials (Activity 4)
Mini-Project 3: Solid Waste Management (Activity 7)
Mini-Project 4: Infographic on Hazardous Materials (Activity 9)
Mini-Project 5: Composting (Activity 10)
Summary of Feedback to the Learner on Applying Environment Work Standards Project
Presentation
Once done grading, provide your feedback to the learner.
Name of the Learner/Trainee

Name of the Facilitator/Trainer
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Rubric: Put a check on the column that shows your rating for the project based on the
statements.
Statement 1 2 3 4
Accomplished
1. Identify workplace hazards
and prepare an action plan to
address them.
2. Identify hazardous
materials in the workplace and
how to handle and store them.
3. Describe how nearby
workplaces manage solid
waste.
4. Create an infographic about
hazardous materials, including
examples and best practices for
handling, storing and discarding
them.
5. Build a micro-composter
Qualitative Feedback: Answer the questions below.
1. What went well?
2. How can the learner improve his or her project?
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End-of-Module Assessment
1. B - Environmental Management System
2. C - Ergonomic Hazard
3. A - Biological Hazard
4. B - False
5. A - True
6. A - True
7. A - True
8. A - True
9. A - True
10 B - Composting
Congratulations! You have completed Applying Environment Work Standards for National
Certificate Level I! You are now ready to conquer the next module.
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8 Apply Environmental Work Standards

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8 Apply Environmental Work Standards

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: APPLY ENVIRONMENTAL WORK STANDARDS

MODULE TITLE: APPLY ENVIRONMENTAL WORK STANDARDS

GLOBE MARITIME TRAINING CENTER-MANILA INC.

Technical Vocational Education and Training Center

G. SALAZAR ST. WAWANG PULO VALENZUELA CITY.

UNIT CODE Units of Competency (NC I Level)

Receive and respond to workplace

400311102 Work with others

400311103 Solve/address routine problems

400311104 Enhance self-management skills

400311105 Support innovation

400311106 Access and maintain information

400311107 Follow occupational safety and

Apply environmental work

400311109 Adopt entrepreneurial mindset in

Summary of Learning Outcomes..............................................................................................5

“A great safety culture: When people continue to work safely

(Maganda ang kulturang pangkaligtasan ng kompanya kung ang mga

Unit Code: 400311108

Summary of Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of the module, you will be able to:

L.O. 1 - Identify environmental work hazards.

 Environmental Issues (Activity 2)

 Mini-Project 1: Workplace Hazards (Activity 3)

1.1 Related environmental hazards are recognized based on environmental work

 Key Topics and Learning Points 

1. Environmental work requirements

 Identify the types of environment work hazards

 Assess one’s knowledge and skills of environmental work standards

 Recommended Time: 30 - 45 minutes

Questions Your Thoughts

3. How can environmental hazards cause

4. How can accidents in the workplace harm

Pre-Module Learner’s Reflection:

Identify the types of environment work

Explain the Environmental Management

Identify ways of proper disposal of hazardous

 Recommended Time: 30 – 45 minutes

Read below to supplement your answers.

Workplace Practices that Negatively Affect the Environment:

1. Educate yourself on environmental issues in business to ensure compliance.

Let’s Apply! Environmental Issues

Findings/ Issues Solution/ Recommendation

2 Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Learn about Environmental Management

What are workplace hazards?

At construction sites, encountering biological hazards is more likely to happen in demolition,

Let’s Exercise: Workplace Hazards

Regina, a receptionist at a diagnostic laboratory

Picture source: https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-in-white-

Marco, a laboratory assistant, is in charge of document

Hazards in the Workplace How to Address

MJ, is currently working from home for a call

Hazards in the Workplace How to Address

3 Picture source: https://www.pexels.com/photo/three-person-looking-at-x-ray-result-1170979/

 Recommended Time: 30 – 60 minutes

 Quick Game: Original List

Your List Their List

Material Type Handling Storing

Hazardous Waste Materials

Let’s Exercise: Hazardous or Non-Hazardous?

Waste Hazardous/ Non

Motor oils (for example from cars or mowers)

Obsolete computer equipment