Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Copyrighted 10014938
Copyrighted 10014938
AN D
E N G IN E E R IN G R EL AT IO N S
BY
DA N I E L W ME A D .
C o n s u l t i n g E n g in e e r
‘
P r o fess o r o f Hy dr au li c and Sa n it a r y E n g i n ee r in g
U n ive r s i t y o f Wi s c o n s i n
M e m b e r Am er i ca n So c ie ty o f Ci vil E n gi n e ers
F ello w A m e r i ca n I n s t i t u t e o f E l e c t r i ca l E n g i n e e r s
M e m b e r A m e r i ca n In s t i t u t e f Co n s u l t i n g E n g i n e e r s
o
M e m b er Am e r ica n So ci e ty o f M e ch a n i c a l E n gi n e ers
FI R ST E DI TI O N .
NE W YO R K
MC G R A W H IL L B OO K C o
19 16
D A NI E
L W
.
P R E FAC E
si o ns .
I n t h e t e achin g o r st u dy o f an y s u bj e ct succ e ss c o m e s th r o u g h t h e
,
e x p r e ss e d is o f t e n as s e ri o u s as th o u g h t h e i d e a its e l f w e r e in e rr o r A .
i n i tiativ e .
t o a ff o r d a sa f e a n d l o g ical m e th o d f o r t h e p r e p arati o n o f th e s e p a p e rs .
j e ct .
P r e fa c e
Ack n o wl e dg m e n ts
Th e auth o r ackn o w l edge his in de bt e d n e ss t o t h e t e ch n i
de sir e s t o
cal p r e ss a nd t o t h e m any valuabl e t e chnical b o o ks a n d a r t icl e s that hav e
a pp e ar e d on t h e vari o us subj e cts d iscuss e d T o th e s e h e un d o ubt e d ly .
n e w o r o ri g inal e xc e p t as t o tr e at m e nt a n d arran g e m e nt .
n e r F W Sc h e i d e n h e l m a n d P r o f e ss o r C I C o r p
, . . . . .
Ma d is o n Wis S e pt , .
, .
,
1 91 6 . D . W M . .
CO NTENTS
CHAP T ER I
T HE E N G IN EE A N D R HIS E D UCATI ON
Th e Funct i o n o f t h e Eng i n r— Eng i n e r i ng R l t io ns—Eng i nee r i ng ee e e a
E d uca t i o n T h e T c h n i ca l a n d Sc i nt i fic Pr p arat i o n— K n w l d g
-
e e e o e e
of Eng li s h — L ga l R l at i n— Et hi ca l a d P rs o na l R e l at i o n— L i t r
e e o n e e
atur e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CHAPT ER I I
S UCC E SS I N TH E E N G I NEER I N G PRO F E SS I ON
P rs o na l Succ ss— Fact rs f S cc s s m ust b e R c o gn iz d —O p i n i o ns o f
e e o o u e e e
B i as —B i as o f S p c i a l K n o w l e d g —B i as o f P rs o na l Exp r i nc
e e e e e e
B ia f L ca l Exp r i nc —B i as
s o o f P rs na l I nt r es t—B i s
e f A so
e e o e o e a o s
ci t oi a— P rs o na li ty P rs o na l A p p aranc e—Att nt i o n t B us i n ss
e n
— e e e o e
—C nc ntrat i n—C o ll a b o rat i n— Pr f s i o na l I m p r v m ent— L i t ra
o e o o o es o e e
t r u e
CHAPT E R I I I
THE E N G IN E ER A T WORK
Purp s e s
o R esu l ts o f T ech n i ca l T ra i n i ng—T h Ma n d th e J o b
an d e n a
I fi n —T h e F i r t J oh —I m p r ov i ng O p p r tun i t i e s—S l ct i ng E m
u e n ce s o e e
p l y m o nt — Sa l ar e
y
—C h ang e vs C o nt i nu i t y o f S e rv i c —T h e R e l ati ve e
t o Su b r d i nat s — D u t i s t
o e e o e o u o e o
CHAP T ER IV
PER S ON AL A ND E THICA L R ELATI ON S
L i m i tat i o ns of P s i t i ve
o L a w—
Et hi cs— F o r m at i o n o f I n d i v i d a l Op i n i o ns u
— Sp ci fi t i n s f a Man—C d s f Et hi cs— T h Can ns f Et hi cs
e ca o or o e o e o o
pl s ef Pr o f ss i na l C n d uct o f t h
o e Am e r i can I nst i tut e o f E l ctr i ca l
o o e e
—
li n St y l e % T h e Ch ic
o o f W r s T h e Pr c i s e U se o f W r d s
d — e o e o
u l ar y—L i t ratur e e
CHAP T ER V I
L E TT ER S A N D R E P OR T S
g t i ns— E m p l o y rs v i wp i n t — Exam p l s f L et t rs f A p p li ca
es o e e o e o e o
po rts — L i t rat r e e u
CHAP T ER V I I
O R I G I N N ATU RE A ND D E E LO P M EN T O F L AW
,
V
C m m o n La w s— Mun i c i p a l L w— Un wr i tt n L w—D v l o p m nt f
o
o a e a e e e o
C o m m o n L w by J d i c i a l D c i i ns— C ur t s f C m m o n L a w— S b
a u e s o o o o u
d i v i s i ns f t h e C m m n L w— C
o o rts o f E qu i t y — Fun d a m nta l
o o a ou e
La w s— D v l p m nt f S p c i a l La w s — Out li n f La w s d L ga l
e e o e o e e o an e
S o rc e s o f M n i c i p a l L w— D fi i t i
u u C nc e rn i ng Mun i c i p a l L w
a e n on s o a
C l ssi fi
a ti d R e l at i n f P s i t i v e L w— En f rc m nt f L a w
ca on an o o o a o e e o
L i t ratur e e
CHAP T ER V I I I
S OM E L E GA R ELATI ON S O T E CH N ICA L M N— L E G AL RI G HT S A ND R E SPON S I IL ITI E S
L F E B
E m p l ym nt i n G e n ra l— D i sc h arg — Pr o f ss i na l E m p l y m nt— T h
o e e e e o o e e
Q l
uai fi t i o s— Ex ca
p rt Ev i d nc
n — D s i ra bl R ef o r m o f Pr c d ur
e e e e e o e e
CHAP T ER I X
N O T E S O N AG R E M EN T S A ND C ON T R AC UA L R EL ATI ON S E T
tract—L i t rat r e e u
CHAP T ER X
D AY L A OR A ND C ON T RACT S Y S T E M S
B OF C ON S TR UCTI ON
B us i n ss M e t h o d s— Unc rta i nt i s i n t h C st f W r k— F o rc Acc unt
e e e e o o o e o
p t
e i t i v B i d
e d i ng — C o ntra c ts f C st P l us a P rc ntag e—C ntracts or o e e o
f
or C st P l us a F ix d S m —C ntracts f o C o st P l us a Var i abl
o e u o r e
Pr m i u m — L i t ratur
e e e
CHAP T ER X I
E N G I NEER I N G A ND AR CHIT E CTU R A L W OR K S C ON S TR UC E D U N D ER C ON T R ACT T
D i s h n st y i n C m p t i t i v
o e L tt i ng—R str i ct e d L t t i ngs S cur i ng
o e e e e e -
e
L w B i d s— Sugg t i ns o f A m r i can S
o es i t y f Eng i n e r i ng C
o e oc e o e on
b i t at i ro f D i s
onp ut e s — Pr gr ss f Ar bi trat i o n — L i t rat ur
o e o e e
CHAP T ER X I I
ER TI S I N G A ND L E TTI N G C ON TR ACT
AD V
v r t i e m e t —F r m a li t i e s —Ti m
e s n o A ll we d —F r m f Pr p o sa l —I e o o o o n
t tio
s ru c t B i d d rs— D t a il s
ns o f I ns truct i o ns— R c i v i ng
e e d Op n o e e an e
CHAP T ER X I I I
C ON T R ACT S
Ord i nar y B u s i n ss T ransact i ns— N c ss i t y o f Wr i tt n Agre m nts— A
e o e e e e e
Agr m nt ee e
CHAP T ER X I V
G ENER A L C ON D ITI ON S OE TH E C ON T RA CT
Out li n —Out li n e
e n ra l C o n d i t i ons— D fi i t i — R i g h ts
of Ge e d Re e n on s an
sp o i b i l
ns i t i o f O w n r —
es Aut h r i t y f t h Enge i n r — Pr i c es d Pa y o o e ee an
R gu l at i ns— L i t ratur
e o e e
x Co n t e n t s
CHAP T ER XV
P RE P A RA TI ON o S P E C IFIC A TI ON S r
b it y Sp
ra r fi
i c ti — Un f
ec a i r S p c i fi t i s
a
— Unn c ssar y S ve r i t y
on s e ca on e e e
Sp-
ifi ti ecf Cr i t i c i m L i t ratur
ca on s or s ,
e e
CHAP T ER XV I
T E CH N IC AL S P E CIFICATI ON S
B r a d t h o f K n o wl d g e N e c e ssar y— D e ta il d I n f r m at i o n N
e e d e d —O t e o ee u
li n — U e f P bli s h d Sp
se o i fi at i —S i m p l Sp e i fi t i o —D
u e ec c on s e c ca ns e
ta il d Sp e i fi c t i —M d i fi t i o s f R qu i r m ent s— U se f Stan d
e c a ons o ca n o e e o
d Mat e r i a l s a d M t h d s — I fl
ar nf S p e c i ficat i ns
e M t r i al s
o n u e n ce o o on a e
Sp e i fi c t i o
c — L i t ratur
a ns e e
C H AP T E R X V I I
S P ECIFIC A TI ON S O F U N D A M EN TA L MAT ER IA S AND S U PP L E S
F R L I
fic ti a— T t h Sat i s f ct i n f t h Eng i n r — Sp i fi t i o by
on s
“
o e a o o e ee .
”
ec ca ns
r ect Sp e i fi t i o —C m p o s i t i n o Pr p o rt i ns d Man i p l at i o n
c ca ns o o r o o an u
CHAP T ER X V I I I
S P E CIFICATI ON S F U N D A M EN TA L P RO C E S S E S FOR
f E rt h
o ad R o c k W r k Sp ci fi c t i
an — G n ra l D scr i p t i n— ( A )
o e a on s e e e o
D escr i p t i o n a d ( B ) L ca t i o n— ( C ) D i m e ns i ns ( D ) F r m a d
n o o o n
E
( ) G ra d e ( )F D i v i s i o ns — e e
( )
B C l i fi t i a ss
o n — C
( ) Q ca a li t i e s o f Mat r i a l — ( D ) Q ant i t i s a d
u e u e n
( E ) M as r e m nts e ud E t i m at s— ( F ) S h r i n k ag — ( G ) Extra Ex
e an s e e
c v t i o — ( H ) Extra Mat e r i a l a d B o rr w P i ts —
a a n O p e rat i ns ( A ) t n o o o
( E ) I nc l us i v e B e g i nn i ng W r k Etc — ( F ) C o ns o li d at i o n R o lli ng
, o , .
, ,
T a m p i ng E t a , (H) d ( I ) L i m i t i ng d Pr o t ct i ng W o r k
an an e
Pu m p i ng M et h d s Etc ( O ) D i s p o sa l o f M t r i a l d ( P ) Ov r
o -
a e an e
d Ma i nt nanc e—Ass i gn
.
,
h ad e (R) (S) d ( T ) C o m p l et i on
, an an e
o t h r F n d a m nta l Pr oc e ss e s
e u e
'
Co n t e n t s xi
CHAP T ER X I X
S P E CIFICATI ON S O M ACHI NER Y A ND APP AR ATU S F R
D e s i gn Sp ifi ti ec
— Pr p arat i o n f S p c i ficat i ns f o Mac hi n e r y
ca on s e o e o r
G e n e ra l R qu i r e m e nts f
e S p c i ficat i ns f o r St am B o il rs—G e n ra l
or e o e e e
j ts
ec f Ou
ort li n e s d Sp i fi t i — Pr p arat i n f Out li n f M r
an ec ca on s e o o e or o e
C m p l t Sp e i fi c t i o — Out li n o f S p ec i ficat i o n s f a St ea m B o il e r
o e e c a ns e or
—O t li n S p e c i ficat i n f St a m Eng i n —Out li n e f S p c i ficat i o ns
u e o or e es o e
f
or a P w r Pu m p—O ut li ne o f S p c i fic t i o ns f a D p l x St e am
o e e a or u e
fica ti — G n ra l S p c i fic t i ns f
on s e e Mac hi n ry —Sp c i fi t i s f o
e a o or e e ca on r
Furn i s hi ng a B o il r— Sp i fi c t i o f Furn i s hi ng a St a m E
e ec a ns or e u
g i n — S l ct i n f Mac hi n r y
e e e o o e .
CHAP T ER XX
D E S I G N A ND SP ECIFICATI ON S FOR E N G I NEER I N G A ND AR CHIT E CTU R A L W OR K
m nt f
e sPr p ar i ng Out li n s a d S p i ficat i o ns f o Engi ne r i ng d
or e e n ec r e an
APPEN D I X A
OUTL I NE O F S P E CIFICATI ON S F OR H C ON S T UCTI ON O A B UI L D I N G T E R F
oo o e o r an ur
li n S p c i ficat i ns f o C o nstruct i n f S w rs
e e o r o o e e
APPEND I X B
Sa m p l C o ntract
e an d S p c i ficat i ns f a C
e o or omp e e l t St ructur e
APPEN D I X C
D ra wi ngs as a B as i s for S p c i ficat i n Wr i t i ng
e o
APP E ND I X D
B ibli o gra p hy of S p c i ficat i ons
e
C H AP T ER I
T HE E N G I N EE R AND H I S E DU CA T I O N
I . F u n cti o ns o f t h e E n g i n e e r Th e f uncti o ns o f an e n g i
Th e .
-
th e r e a r e f e w wh o a r e w illin g t o p ay t h e p ric e O f t h e g r e at e st p r o f e s
s i o n a l succ e ss All e n g in ee rin g succ e ss i s a c o ns e qu e nc e o f p e rs o nality
.
,
It m ay r e q ui r e t h e e m pl o y m en t an d su p e rvisi o n o f w o rk m e n ; it i s
.
The e
kn o wl e dg e o f h o w w o rk can a n d sh o ul d b e pe r f o r m e d an d a Se ns e Of ,
T h e e n g in ee r m a y r e p r e s e nt t h e o th e r si d e o f t h e c o ntract that is
,
T h e y o un g e n g in e e r m ay e nt e r c o m m e rcial li f e ; h e m a y r e p r e s e nt
t h e m anu f actur e r in t h e sal e o r installati o n o f m achin e ry m at e rials o r,
s e e ks o th e r em p l o y m e nt .
6 Th e E n g i n e e r an d Hi s Ed u ca t i o n
n o m i c s busin e ss m e th o d s an d o f l e g al r e lati o ns
, ,
.
EN G I N EE R I N G E DU CA T I O N
3 . T e c
Th e h n i ca l a n d Sc i e nti fi c P r e p arati o n —T h e e s s e nti al .
m odi fy it , to de si g n t h e
struct u r e s an d wo rk n e e d e d f o r it s succe ss f u l
de v e l o p m e nt an d t o su p e rvis e o r s u p e rint e n d t h e pr o pe r c o nstr u cti on
,
ces s f u l an d e c o n o m ical c o m p l e ti o n .
t h e stu d e nt i n o r o u t o f c o ll e g e i s n o t a de tail e d kn o w l e d g e o f e n g i
, ,
th e s e e n d s is availabl e wh e r e it i s t o b e f o u n d an d h o w t o acq u ir e it
, , .
m e nt s e ns e o f j ustic e a n d e quity a n d h is c o m m o n s e ns e
, .
r j ct uni f o r m ly r e c o m m e n d e d t h e u se O f e l e ct r i c a l g e n e rati o n a n d
'
p o e ,
ca ti o n O f his s p e cialty .
s ch o o l is f ai rly w e ll
, p p ar e d t o un d e rtak e t h e m in o r calculati o ns o p
r e ,
e r a t i o n s a n d d e si g ns in t h e
p ractic e o f his p r o f e ssi o n Th e t e chnical .
fi nish e d it is o nly j u st b e g un
, He has p r ep ar e d a f o un dati o n ; i f it i s
.
s u p e rstructur e .
This t o b e s u cc e ss f ul w ill r e qui r e c o nstant a n d str e n
, ,
T e c h n ic a l P r e p a r a t i o n
no us e ff o rt Wh e n t h e y o un g e n g in e e r e nt e rs p ractic e h e still n ee d s t o
.
w o rkin g kn o w l e dg e o f
F ir s t : T h e f un d a m e ntal p rinci p l e s o f th o s e sci e nc e s o n which his
w o rk d e p e n d s a n d j u dg m e nt in this a p p licati o n
, .
in g p r o bl e m s.
s u cc e ss o f e v e ry m an d e p e n d s .
T h e e n g in e e r m ust acqui r e j u dg m e nt a n d a kn o w l e dg e O f me n as
an e ss e ntial p art o f h i s e d u cati o n ; th e s e can c o m e o nly w ith e xp e r i
e nc e a n d Obs e rvati o n .
, ,
i f l e c tu r e s a r e t o b e tak e n w i th o u t qu e s ti o n t h e d e v e l o p m e nt o f ,
m a d e b y t h e y o u n g e n g i n e e r t o u n d e rs tan d t h e l i m its o f th e o ry a n d
'
t h e p o i n t w h e r e j u d g m e n t a n d S p e cu lati o n b e g in T h e u se a n d .
ize d . x p e ri e nc e d e n g i n e e r r e c o g n i z e s t h e c o nv e n i e nc e o f
E v e ry e
m o d i fi e d by j u d gm e n t i n o r d e r t o t ak e i n t o a cc o u n t f ac t o rs O f t e n
un r e c o gn iz e d in th e o r e ti cal c o nsi de rati o ns .
4 A .K n o w l e d g e o f E n g li s h — A kn o w l e dg e o f En g lish a n d t h e
,
At al m o st e v e ry st ep t h e e n g in e e r i s call e d u p o n t o de scrib e in
cl e ar t e r m s in r e p o rts p a p e rs o r s p e ci fi cati o ns b o th in g e n e ral an d in
, , ,
which sh o ul d b e d o n e .
( a n d th e r e a r e f e w c o n st ru cti o n s w h e r e m at e rial a t l e a s t i s n o t t o
b e so f u rnish e d ) t h e e n g i n e e r m u s t d e s crib e cl e arly a nd i n d e tai l
,
Fe w d e si g ns a r e c o m p l e t e i n th e m s e lv e s w i th o u t s u ch d e s cri p ti o n s ,
a n d f r e qu e n tly t h e p r o e r r arati n th s sc ri
p p p e o o f e e d e p n s o r s pe c
ti o
i fi ca t i o n s i s a m o n g t h e m o s t i m p o rtant O f t h e d u ti e s o f t h e d e s i g n e r .
Kn o w le d ge o f E n g l i sh
p o s e d
. F r e qu e ntly a d e si g n, w hich m ay b e bas e d o n p r e c e d e nt o r ,
b e d o n e by t h e d i r e ct e m p l o y m e nt O f m e n by t h e o w n e r an d n o t un d e r
c o ntract p r o p e r s p e ci fi cati o ns a r e e ss e ntial as a basis f o r c o rr e ct e sti
,
m at e s o i c o st a n d f o r t h e p r o pe r p e r f o r m anc e o f t h e w o rk .
T h e p r e p arat i o n o f r e p o rt s a n d s p e c i fi ca ti o n s i s a b r o a d subj e c t
that t o u ch e s al m o s t e v e r y li m i t o f h u m a n a c t ivi ty a n d i t s p r o p e r ,
p e r f o r m a n c e i s ac qu ir e d o nly by l o n g e x p e ri e nc e car e f u l s tu d y a n d ,
ac qu i r e d a n d u n d e rst o o d w h ich i f f o ll o w e d o u t w il l l e a d t h e w a y
, ,
t o th e i r s u cc e ss f ul p r e p arati o n .
t ract e d f o r m u st b e o r d e r ed a n d a n a g r e e m e n t m o r e o r l e s s fo r m al
f o r f u rni sh i n g t h e sa m e m ust in e v e ry ca s e b e e nt e r e d i n t o Su ch .
5
. L e g a l R e lat i o n s It is t h e d uty o f e v e ry citi z e n t o s o in f o r m
hi m s e l f in r e g ar d t o t h e f un d a m e ntal an d e l em e ntary la w s u n de r which
h e liv e s an d o n w hich his l e g al ri g hts a n d p rivil e ge s d e p e n d that h e ,
- It is i m p o rtant f o r t h e e n g in e e r t o acquir e a kn o w l e dg e o f th o s e
f un d a m e ntal p rinci p l e s O f l a w w hich m ust cl e arly g o v e rn a n d c o ntr o l
his s o cial a n d b u sin e ss r e lati o ns an d hi s s pe cial p r o f e ssi o nal activiti e s ,
T h e e n g in e e r sh o ul d b e su ffi ci e ntly in f o r m e d c o nc e rnin g th o s e
l eg al m att e rs w hich a ffe ct his d uti e s a n d r e s p o nsibiliti e s t o kn o w wh e n
all o r d inary l e g al r e qui r e m e nts a r e o bs e rv e d i n d ra w in g u p such e n g i
n e e rin g p a p e rs as m ay b e n e c e ssary in his wo rk a n d t o se e that t h e a c
ti o ns attitu d e s a n d d e cisi o ns o f hi m s e l f an d hi s sub o r d inat e s a r e l eg al
,
T h e e n g i n e e r ; t o b e su cc e s s f u l i n pro f e s s i o na l p ra c ti c e m u s t ,
al s o b e i n f o r m e d o n t h e la w s w h i ch a ff e c t h i s p a rt i cu lar S p e c ialty .
T h e m u ni ci p al e n g in e e r a n d c o nt ract o r s h o u l d u n d e r s ta n d th o s e
m u n i ci p al la w s w h i ch a ff e ct m u ni c i p al w o rks a n d w h ich b o th l i m i t
a n d c o nt r o l m u ni c i p al a c ti v iti e s T h e hy d rau l i c e n g i n e e r sh o u l d u n
.
g a t i o n a n d d rai na g e p r o j e c ts a n d t h e l e g al r e qu i r e m e n t s o f navi g a
,
ti o n l o gg i n g fi sh w a y s e t c T h e m e ch an i cal e n g i n e e r sh o u l d n u
, , ,
.
e n g in e e r in p ractic e f r e qu e ntly b e c o m e s b e tt e r in f o r m e d o n th o s e la w s
In m att e rs o f m o m e nt e x p e rt l e g al assistanc e sh o ul d b e e m p l o y e d as
,
-
,
p e rs o nal int e r e st .
th r o u g h e ffi c i e nt a p p licati o n o f t e ch ni ca l k n o w l e d g e a n d p r o p e r o r
ga n i z a t io n Su ch call in g s al s o i nv o l v e a h i g h c o nc e p t i o n o f p e rs o nal
.
t h e s tat e t h e nati o n a n d t o w ar d h u m an i ty :
, ,
T h e e n g in e e r m u s t u n d e rstan d th e r e f o r e n o t o nly t h e e l e m e n ts ,
n e c e s sary f o r p e rs o nal su cc e s s b u t al s o th o s e r e qu i r e m e nt s n e c e s
sar y f o r t h e r e al i zati o n O f t h e h i g h e r i d e als o f p r o f e ss i o nal su c c e s s .
L IT ERA T URE
A d d r e ss s t Eng i n e r i ng St d e nts E d i t d by Wa d d e ll Harr i ngt o n
e o e u . e .
F S wa i n Eng R e V l 6 2 p 7 1 2
. . . c .
, o .
, . .
T h e Pr o f ss i o n o f En g i n e r by Wa d d ll
e Harr i ngt n e , e o .
T wo K i n d s f E d ucat i n f o Eng i n rs by De an J B J o h ns o n
o o r ee , . . .
T h e C o ll g G ra d at e as an Eng i n e r by Dr A l ex G Hu m p h r e y s
e e u e , . . . .
T h e St d y o f Eng i n e e r i ng by Pr o f W illi a m H B rr
u , . . u .
T h e R e l at i o ns f C i v il Eng i n r i ng t t h r B ranc h s f Sc i nc e by
o ee o o e e o e ,
Dr J A L Wa d d e ll
. . . . .
T h e Pr e s nt Status o f t h e E ng i n e r i ng Pr o f ss i n a d Ho w i t m y b e
e e e o n a
I m p roved by Dr J A L Wa dd e ll , . . . . .
Last W o r d s t o t h e Ci v il Eng i n e e r i ng S e n i rs by Dr I ra 0 B a k r o , . . e .
H i g h r E d ucat i o n f C i v il En g i n e e rs by Dr J A L Wa d d e ll
e or , . .
'
. . .
25, p . 6 85 .
C i v il Eng i n ee rs by B W K nn ed y Eng R ec V o l 5 4 p 5 82
Th e , . . e . . . .
, . .
T h e R l at i n o f E l e ctr i ca l Engi n ee r t
e Ot h r Pr o f e ss i o ns by G an Dunn
o o e , o .
a l s o Eng N e ws V o l 6 8 p 47 6 . , .
, . .
Y rk o .
N o stran d C o N w Y r k .
, e o .
P l a f o r t h e B r a d e r E d ucat i n o f t h e C h e m i ca l Eng i n e e r by C li ff o r d
e o o ,
R i c h ar d s o n Eng R c V o l 5 7 p 1 8 . . e . .
, , . .
t em b r 1 90 e2 , .
T h e Eng i n e r i ng G ra d uat a d t h e W o r l d by D an C h ar l e s H B e nj a m i n
e e n , e . .
Eng N e w s V l 67 p 1 084
.
, o .
, .
M W nt d by Ch ar l s W hi t i ng Ba k e r Eng N w s V l 6 7 p 1 1 7 8
en a e , e . . e , o .
, . .
Lans Eng N ws V o l 6 2 p 1 9 2
. . e , .
, . .
T h e I n fl u e nc e f Pur Sc i e nc e i n Eng i n r i ng by S i r J J Th m p s o n o e ee , . . o .
Eng R ec V l 62 p 6 7 9
. . o .
, . .
T h e W o r k o f t h e Eng i n e r by B W K e nn e d y Eng N e w s V l 5 6 p 5 6 3 e , . . . .
, o .
, . .
Eng So Oct o b e r 1 9 04 p 5 07
. c .
, , . .
S oc C E V l 64 p 5 6 7
. . . o .
, . .
S a l s o Eng R V o l 6 0 p 3 4
ee . ec . .
, . .
Pr s i d nt i a l A d d r ss o f S i r A l x B W K nn e d y T h e e ngi n e e r hi s
e e e e . . e .
, re
I nst o f C i v E g No v 6 1 9 06
. . n rs . .
, .
Pr f e ss i o na l I d a l s o f t h e 2 ot h C e ntur y A dd r ss by Pr e s Ha d l e y f Ya l
o e . e . o e .
E n g R e c Ap r 2 0, 1 90
’
. 7 . . .
i g va l u e f t e c h n i ca l i nst i tut i ns
n o T rans N E C o ast I nst E g d S hi p o . . . . .
, n rs . an
Bld rs Jan 1 9 07 .
, . .
T h e T ra i n i ng o f t h E l tr i ca l En g i n e r by Dr L o u i s B ll Di scuss e s e ec e . e ,
t eac hi ng h o w t o wr i te a d s p ea k c o nvi nc i ng ly d t h e va l u e o f e t hi cs Ed i n ,
an .
t o i al
r E g R ec J ly 1 5 1 9 1 6 p 85
. n . . u , , . .
C H AP T E R II
SU C C E SS IN T HE E N G I N EE R I N G P R O F E S SI O N
his li f e w o rk .
in flu e n c e o f f a m il y a n d a s s o ci at e s a n d t o e d u cati o n a n d p e rs o nal
,
chara c t e r i s u n d o ub t e d ly t ru e y e t n o a g e o r na ti o n h a s b e e n s o d e
,
g e n e rat e that i t h a s n o t d e v e l o p e d s o m e m e n o f h i g h i d e al s a n d o f
ch aract e r cr e d itabl e i n any a g e No h i g h p r o f e ssi o nal s tan d i n g i s
.
t o t h e p r o p e r a n d c o rr e c t e x e rc i s e o f it s h i g h e s t f u nc t i o n s I t is t h e
.
Pe r so n a l S u c c e ss 7
m ai n S p ri n g o f t h e b e st s u cc e s s a n d i s su sc e p t ibl e o f g r e at m o d ifi ca
ti o n a n d i m p r o v e m e nt b y i n d i vi d ua l e ffo rt .
A kn o w l e d g e o f p e rs o nal a n d p ub li c hy g i e n e a n d sa n i tary r e qu ir e
m e n t s i s n e c e ss ary n o t o nly f o r th e i r i n flu e nc e o n p e rs o nal h e alth
but al s o o n acc o u n t o f t h e e n g i n e e r s c o nt r o l o f t h e h e alth o f o th e r s
’
th at th e i r su cc e ss i s d u e m o r e t o har d w o rk a n d c o nti nu o u s e ff o r t
tha n t o nat iv e ab i lity G r e at e r su c c e s s i s d u e t o t h e p e r s o n al e x e r
.
c i s e o f w ill p o w e r t ha t c o n c e n t ra t e s t h e e ff o rt s o n t h e e n d i n v i e w
a n d utiliz e s such ability as i s po ss e ss e d b y. t h e in d ivi d ual than t o
e n d e av o r
.
E d u cat i o n a n d e x p e ri e nc e a r e t o a c o n si d e rab l e d e g r e e t h e r e
s u l t s o f O p p o rtu nity b u t th e y a r e s t ill m o r e lar g e ly ac qu i r e d th r o u g h
,
i s n o ba r t o t h e i n d iv i d u al w h o i s w i lli n g t o e x e rt c o nti nu o u s a n d
u n r e m i tti n g e ffo rt i n t h e a c qu i sit i o n o f a n e d u cati o n T h e sch o o l s
. .
a n d i n s tru ct o r s a r e a n a i d n o t a n e c e s s i ty ; a n d su ch ai d s sh o u l d b e
, :
ut i li z e d w h e n availab l e bu t th e y ca n b e d i s p e n s e d w i th w h e n n e
,
c e ss i t y d e m an d s i f r e lac e d by e n e r g e ti c vi g o r o u s a n d fo rc e f ul a p
, p ,
p li ca t i o n
.
E x p e ri e nc e i s b e s t a cqu i r e d by p e rs o na l o b s e rvati o n bu t t h e r e ,
c o r d e d p ract i c e o f o th e rs i s a s o u rc e n o t t o b e n e g l e ct e d .
O p p o rtu nity m a y f r e e ly c o m e t o s o m e bu t i t i s c r e a t e d b y
,
m any . T h e l o w e r r o un d s o f t h e p r o f e ss i o nal la dd e r a r e c o n g e st e d
w ith th r o n g s o f y o u n g m e n h al f e d u cat e d a n d h al f p r e p a r e d cla m o r ,
l8 S u cc e s s i n En gi n e e r in g
Th e r e a r e f e w p r o f e s s i o n al l in e s i n w h ich an abl e w e l l e d u ,
c a t e d w e ll i n fo r m e d m a n o f h i g h ch a ract e r w ill n o t fi n d o pp o r tu ni t y
,
a n d c o n ti nu o u s c o n sci e n ti o u s e ff o rt a r e t h e p ric e s o f su c c e s s
, .
8 F ac t o rs o f Su c c e s s M u s t B e R e c o g n i z e d —Th e attribut e s
.
p o r t i o n a t e w e i g ht w hich th e ir i m p o rtanc e d e m an d s .
9 O.
p i n i o n s o f t h e E n gi n e e r i n g P r o f e s s i o n —Fo r s o m e y e ars .
R p o rt by C R Mann Pr c Am S c C E F b 1 9 1 6
e . . . o . . o . . . e . .
O p in io n s o f t h e P r o f e ssi o n 9
a n ew l e tt e r wa s s e nt o u t t o t h e m e m b e rs o f t h e s o ci e ty askin g f o r
f u rth e r c o nsi d e rati o n o f t h e six charact e ristic g r o u p s p r e vi o usly o u t
lin e d T o this l e tt e r
. r ep li e s we r e r e c e iv e d su ffi ci e ntly de fi nit e f o r
classi fi cati o n F r o m th e s e l e tt e rs t h e m o s t p r o babl e valu e s o f t h e r e la
.
g r e at e st succ e ss
R e vi se d a d O i g i a l R t i g n r n a n s
R e v i s e d Or i g i n l a
i t i a t i ve
Ju d gm e nt c m m n s ns sc i nt i fic att i tu d
, o o e e, e e, pe rs p ct i v
e e
Kn wled g
o e of n d a m nta l s
fu e
T c h n iqu e
e of p ract i c d e an of b s i n ss
u e
1 00 1 00
It m ust n o t b e un d e rst o o d that any sin g l e arran g e m e nt o f th e s e si x
“
cu racy th o r o u g hn e ss a n d s p ee d b e c o m e i m p o rtant in t h e fi e l d On
, .
li f e a n d p r o p e rty .
analysis In o th e r w o r d s t h e e n g in e e r in o r d e r t o d e v e l o p his j u dg
.
, ,
~
o wn ,
a n d t o bas e th o s e o p ini o ns o n a sub stantial c o m p r eh e nsiv e a n d
,
1 2 .
g r ee bias e d in th e i r j u dg m e nt o f th e m s e lv e s a n d o f o th e rs an d o f all
p r o bl e m s a n d c o n d iti o ns w ith w hich th e y c o m e in c o ntact i s e stabli sh e d
by c o mm o n e x p e ri e nc e This bias is d u e t o th e i r in d ivi d uality th e i r
.
,
e d u cat i o n o f t h e e n g in e e r .
ti o n o f his p r o bl e m s a n d is ap t th e r e f o r e t o g iv e un d u e w e i ght t o t h e
,
d r a u l ic e n g in e e r i s a p t t o o v e rrat e t h e a d vanta g e s o f w at e r p o w e r a n d
t o un d e rrat e t h e c o ntin g e nci e s o f its c o nstructi o n a n d m aint e nanc e
T h e st e a m e n g in e e r is a p t t o o v e r e sti m at e t h e valu e o f t h e u se o f st e a m
f o un d ; a n d t h e e n g in e e r w h o is d e sir o us o f s e curin g t h e b e st a n d m o st
e c o n o m ical s o luti o n o f t h e p r o bl e m e ntrust e d t o h i m m ust g iv e t h e
B i as o f P l E i — P e rs o nal e x p e ri e nc e sh o ul d g iv e
e s
r o n a x p e r e n ce
t o g iv e it un d u e i m p o rtanc e in t h e s o l u ti o n o f o th e r p r o bl e m s w ith
w hich h e has t o d e al . A succ e ss f ul e n g in e e rin g achi e v e m e nt t h e p r o d
,
th e r e is a t e n de ncy f o r t h e succ e ss f ul de si gn e r t o e n d e av o r t o a d j u st
t h e c o n d iti o ns w hich p r e vail in a n e w p r o bl e m so that th e y m ay b e
s o lv e d by t h e m e th o d s p r e vi o usly succ e ss f ully a do p t e d rath e r than t o
a d j ust t h e p lans t o m e e t t h e c o n d iti o ns as th e y e xist Thi s t e n de ncy
f r e qu e ntly r e sults f r o m a natural in d o l e nc e t o p lan a n d a d a p t n e w
m e th o d s t o a p r o bl e m w h e r e a succ e ss f ul s o luti o n w hich has st o o d t h e
,
t o m o d i f y hi s p lans w h e n e v e r h e is call e d u p o n t o s o lv e a p r o bl e m un de r
In t h e m att e r o f e l e ctrical su pp ly f o r li g ht a n d p o we r t h e de m an d ,
B ias o f P er s o n a l I n t er es t .
-
It is i m p o rtant that t h e e n g in ee r
sh o ul d f r e e hi m s e l f as f a r as p o ssibl e f r o m t h e bias o f p e rs o nal int e r
e st w hich is a c o nstant m e nac e t o s o un d j u d g m e nt N o m att e r h o w
.
inv o lv e d .
An e n g in e e r h avin g a p at e nt f o r s o m e m e th o d s o r p r o c e ss by w hich
a p r o bl e m has b e e n satis f act o rily s o lv e d is c o nstantly in d an g e r o f a d
v o ca t in g this m e th o d w h e n it is at all a p p licabl e a n d this f r o m n o d i s
, ,
P e r s o n a l B ia s 5
.
,
i nv o lv e t h e g r e at e st p o ssibl e succ e ss .
B i a s o f Asso ci a t i o n — Al m o st e v e ry p r o bl e m is ca p abl e o f a va
.
w hat is t o b e e xp e ct e d f r o m t h e acti o n o f t h e hu m an m in d Th o s e wh o
.
b e e n s e l e ct e d by t h e a g r e e m e nt o f b o th si de s an d hav e c o ns e qu e ntly
,
p l e t i o n o f t h e a pp raisal a n d a f t e r t h e h e at o f t h e ar g u m e nt has f a d e d
a w ay r e c o g ni z e t h e sa m e t e n d e ncy in s o m e o f t h e i de as a n d o p ini o ns
,
o r l e ss un f ai r t o th o s e wh o m th e y r e p r e s e nt This 1 5 u sually h o w e v e r
.
, ,
t h e e n d e av o r o f t h e o th e r si d e t o c o n f us e o r c o n f o un d t h e o p ini o ns e x
p r e ss e d In s o m e cas e s th e s e i d i o syncrasi e s a re so p r o n o u nc e d a n d
.
1 3 . .
o
a pp e aranc e g o o d a dd r e ss p r o p e r s e l f co n fi den ce a n d s e l f r e s p e ct ; t h e
, ,
- -
kn o wl e d g e a n d t rainin g m ay h o l d r e s p e ct th o u g h t h e p e rs o nality is u n
f av o rabl e but such r e s p e ct is g iv e n n o t b e ca u s e o f s u ch p e rs o nality
,
but in s p it e o f it .
c o u ra g e d than s o u g ht N o g r e at e r e rr o r i s p o ssibl e
. .
f e ssi o n a l r e lati o ns .
e st o r d i ffi d e n t n o r lo ud
,
o v e rbo l d a n d f a m iliar
,
but h e sh o ul d b e ,
m an .
o f t h e ti m e f o r which h e
'
caus e s a c o ns e qu e nt l o ss o f t h e ti m e o f t h e e m p l o y e r o r o th e rs wh o s e
s e rvic e s a r e o f m u ch g r e at e r valu e A r e co r d f o r habitual tar d in e ss i s
.
cu l c a t e d in t h e
p u p ils o f t h e c o m m o n sch o o ls i m p r e s se d o n t h e st u d e nts
,
fi c e t h e f act o ry a n d t h e fi e l d
, T h e m a n wh o can c o nc e ntrat e h i s a t
.
T h e ability t o d r o p a p r o bl e m in o r d e r t o r e c e iv e d i r e cti o ns o r o n a c ,
a n d fi n d s in t h e o ffi c e t h e f a c t o r
y o r t h e fi e l d his att e nti o n d istract e d
'
,
b e st r e sults b e o btain e d .
1 4
. P r o f e s s i o nal I m p r o v e m e n t —In o r d e r t o g r o w a n d t o d e
ve l o p t h e e n g in ee r m ust acquaint hi m s e l f w ith t h e i d e as a n d activiti e s
,
that t h e y o un g e n g in e e r S h o ul d m in g l e w ith hi s f e ll o w s an d c o m p ar e
hi s i d e as w ith th o s e o f o th e rs i n p r o f e ssi o nal lin e s He sh o ul d e arly
.
d i scussi o ns o f o th e rs b o th in t h e s o ci e ty p r o c e e d in g s a n d t h e t e chnical
p a p e rs in o r d e r t h at h e m a y g ain a p r o p e r i d e a o f curr e nt e n g in e e rin g
‘
m e nt m ay d e t e r m in e In t h e p r e parati o n o f such p a p e rs d u e a ck n o wl
.
e dgm e n t sh o u l d b e m a d e o f p e rs o na l in d e bt e d n e ss t o o th e rs f o r d ata r e
’
T h e y o un g e n g in e e r sh o ul d c o nstantly s e e k in f o r m ati o n o n t h e
vari o us p has e s o f e n g in e e rin g w o rk w ith w hich h e c o m e s in c o ntact ,
a n d d e v o ti o n which th e i r s u cc e ss f ul d e v e l o p m e nt d e m an d s .
T o se e t h e o pp o rt u n i t y t o d e v e l o p it syst e m atically t o a p p ly it in
'
, ,
r e q u i r e s k e e n f o r e si g ht an a pp r e ciati o n o f t h e p r e s e nt a n d f utur e tr e n d
,
th e s e n e e d s b e f o r e th e y a r e f ully r e c o g n i z e d a n d o ff e r an e ff e ctiv e
m e th o d f o r th e i r satis f act o ry f u l fi ll m e nt will usually c o m m an d a suit
,
sh o u l d n o t li m it t h e e ff o rts o f t h e e n g in e e r t o i m p r o v e his m e th o d s o r
d e si g ns w h e n si m ilar p r o bl e m s o r si m ila r w o rks a r e un d e r c o nsi de ra
t i o n Th e r e a r e scarc e ly t w o p r o bl e m s o f t h e sa m e kin d that can b e
.
L i t e ra t u re
P rs na l P w r by K e i t h J Th m s Fun k W g l l C o N ew Y o r k
e o o e , . o a . a na s .
, .
T h e D ra bl Sat i s f act i ns f L i f
u e by C h ar l e s W E li t o o e, . o .
Th N e c ss i t y f I n d i v i d a l Eng i n r i ng L ib rar i e s d f o r C o nt i n i ng
e e or u ee an u
Stu d y a f t r G ra d at i n by J h n L H rr i ngt n
e u o , o . a o .
T h e E d uc t i o na l Va l a f th T c h n i c l Pr ss w i t h S p c i a l R f r enc e t o
ue o e e a e e e e
Eng i n r i ng N w s by Har wo d Fr o st
ee e ,
o .
B s i n ss T ra i n i ng f o t h
u e Eng i n r by Dr A l x G H m p h r e y sr e ee ,
. e . u .
Th Pract i ca l E ng i n ee r by On war d B at e s
e , .
A m bi t i n by W i n d r E G o l d s b r o ug h
o , e . o .
Kn w l d g
o e d Act i n by Wa l t r C K rr
e an o , e . e .
T h e N ext St p by Wa l t r 0 K rr e , e . e .
Stu d y M b y J h n F Ha y f r d
en , o . o .
S cc e ss by Dr M E C o o l e y
u , . . . .
S m e o f t h Ess nt i a l s o f Succ e ss by Dr C h as S m n e r H we
o e e , . . u o .
T HE E N G I N EER AT WOR K
15 .P u r d
po se s
an
-
R e s u l t s o f T ec h n i c a l T rai n i n g
— It i s n o t
t h e a i m o f p r o f e ssi o nal sch o o ls t o turn o u t p r o f e ssi o nal m e n . Th e
li m it e d ti m e s p e nt in t h e t e chn ical sch o o l a n d t h e o bj e ct s o u ght d o n o t
w arrant such a p ur p o s e T h e o bj e ct o f p r o f e ssi o nal trainin g o f t e ch
.
.
,
p yl o e r
. T h e qu e sti o n is : C a n t h e m a n r
p p o e rly fi ll t h e p o siti o n f o r
e r c i se o f j u dg m e nt ,
m ath e m atical kn o w l e d g e al o n e is us e l e ss ; a n d i f
fi d ucia ry r e lati o ns a re als o inv o lv e d charact e r m ay als o b e c o m e o f
,
t e chnical w o rk .
T h e y o u n g g ra d u at e is u s u ally inc o m p e t e nt e xc e p t in m in o r p o si
ti o ns ; h e c o m m o nly o v e rrat e s his ca p acity an d Se l d o m r e c o g niz e s his
o wn in e x p e ri e nc e a n d inc o m p e t e ncy t o fi ll p o siti o ns o f r e s p o nsibilit y
1 6
. .
m u n i c a t i o n b e c o m e n e c e ssa ry A y o un g m a n th r o u g h h i s o wn c o nn e c
.
a m in a t i o n s f o r nati o nal ,
stat e a n d m unici pal p o siti o ns a re s o m e ti m e s
o p e n t o t h e t e chnical g ra d uat e L e tt e rs o f inqu i r y t o c o m p ani e s a n d
.
w ith t h e m an wh o s e e ks e m p l o y m e nt .
L e tt e rs o f r e c o m m e n d ati o n f r o m t e ach e rs o r f o r m e r e m p l o y e rs
w ill o f t e n b e o f a d vanta g e t h e f o r m e r f o r s e cu rin g o pp o rtuniti e s f o r
,
m e n da t i o n i s al w ays f av o rabl e o r it w o ul d n o t b e p r e s e nt e d Th e l e tt e r .
e m p l o y e rs a r e t o b e us e d as r e f e r e nc e s wh e r e th e y hav e n o t b ee n
,
v e y e d t o t h e p arty t o w h o m r e f e r e nc e is g iv e n .
v e st ig a t e d a n d th e y sh o ul d b e us e d w ith cauti o n .
1 7 I n flu e n c e —T h e valu e O f t h e i n flu e n c e o f f a m i ly f ri e n d s
. .
,
a n d p e rs o nal r e p utati o n .
1 9 .
ti o n has fi tt e d th e m Th e y f ail t o m ak e a p r o p e r u se o f th e i r o pp o r
.
t u n it i e s a n d s o o n s e e k a chan g e in e m p l o y m e nt w ith t h e h o p e o f fi n d
in g t h e p o siti o n f o r w hich th e y a r e b e st fi tt e d Th e y f ai l t o r e c o g niz e
.
p al p abl e a n d r e r e h e nsibl e
p p e rs o nal e rr o rs o f c o m m issi o n o r o m issi o n .
lar g e h is e x p e ri e nc e a n d m ak e h im a br o a de r b e tt e r a n d m o r e us e f ul
,
m a n i n w hat e v e r fi e l d o f e n de av o r h e m a y ulti m at e ly b e e m p l o y e d .
p o siti o n w hich th e y m a
y o ccu p y a f t e r l e avin g c o ll e g e w i ll o f t e n d e v e l op
S e le c t i n g Em p l o y m e n t
t h e fi rst w o rk b e g ins t o g iv e t h e y o un g m an a r e al kn o w l e dg e o f h i s
o wn n ee d s h is a p titu d e a n d d e f e cts
,
.H is a p titu de m u st b e d e v e l op e d ,
f o r ill is at o nc e b e g u n
-
. U p o n t h e d e g r e e o f h i s succ e ss a n d o pp o rt u ni
ti e s a t han d w ill depe n d his a d vanc e me nt In g e n e ral h e sh o ul d r e tai n
.
,
o t u n it i es w ithin t h e o r g an izati o n h e sh o ul d s e e k an o th e r a n d b e tt e r
p r ,
p o siti o,
n l e avin g his w o rk o nly a f t e r d u e n o tic e Th e y o.un g a r e nat
u r a l ly i m p ati e nt at d e lay a n d e x p e ct ra p i d p r e f e r m e nt Th ey o f t e n
.
2 0 Se l e c t i n
.
g E m l
p y o m e n t W h i l e i n m a ny ca s e s O pp o r
t u n it i e s f o r e m p l o y m e nt a r e s o li m it e d that littl e ch o ic e i s a ff o r de d t h e
y o un g e n g in e e r in t h e s e l e cti o n o f e m p l o y m e nt y e t i n t h e l o n g run h e
,
h e w o ul d m o st g la d ly f o ll o w a n d wh o in c o ns e qu e nc e is m o st th o r o u g hly
int e r e st e d in t h e w o rk h e is call e d u p o n t o d o It is e vi de nt th e r e f o r e
.
c a si o n a l l
y m ak e a d i ff e r e nt c o urs e e ss e ntial a n d in
,
s u ch cas e s t h e e m
40 Th e E n g i n e e r at Wo rk
l
p oy e e sh o ul d e n de av o r t o instill int o his w o rk t h e e nthusias m a n d in
t e r e st r e qui r e d f o r his succ e ss Co ntinu o us e ff o rt t o this e n d w ill n o r
.
2 1 . Sa la r y —T h e a m o un t
salary t o b e r e c e iv e d f r o m a
o f
g iv e n p o siti o n is naturally a m att e r o f int e r e st a n d f r e qu ently r e c e iv e s
g r e at e r c o nsi d e rati o n than its i m p o rtanc e w arrants T o t h e y o un g .
Al m o st e v e ry p o siti o n a ff o r t s o pp o rtuniti e s f o r e x p e ri e nc e a n d f o r
stu dy Em p l o y m e nt w ill n o t b e f urnish e d f o r l o n g unl e ss such e m
.
—F r m rly i t
.
2 2 . C h an g e vs . C o n ti n u ity of Se rv i c e o e w as co n
e r a b l y e xt e n d e d .
At t h e p r e s e nt ti m e w h e n hun d r e d s o f y o un g en g in e e rs a r e g ra d u
at e d f r o m o u r t e chnical sch o o ls e ach s e as o n it wo ul d s e e m un de si rabl e
,
s e e m by f a r t h e b e tt e r w ay f o r t h e m a n t o th o r o u ghly m ast e r e v e ry
d e tai l o f his busin e ss a n d t o r e tain his p o siti o n i f it g iv e s r e as o nabl e
p r o m is e o f ulti m at e b e tt e r m e nt rath e r than t o b e c o m e a w an d e r e r f r o m
ith ach siti n r e d i ffi cult t o s e cur e as hi s a g e i n
j o b t o j o b w e p o o m o
cr e as e s .
i s a ppar e nt .
2 3 . T h e R e lat i v e V al u e s o f V a ri o u s C la sses o f E m p l o y m e n t .
t h e st o r e k e e p e r a n d t h e ins p e ct o r b e c o m e t h e f o r e m an t h e su p e r i n
, ,
t e n d e nt a n d t h e r e si de nt e n g in e e r G o o d o ffi c e wo rk l e a d s t o a d vanc e
.
m e nt in t h e o ffi c e Th e abl e d ra f ts m an b e c o m e s t h e de si g n e r t h e as
.
,
s i st a n t e n g in e e r a n d w ith e x p e ri e nc e t h e chi e f
,
S urv eyin g an d fi e l d
, .
wo rk is m o r e o r l e ss t e m p o rary a n d in d ull ti m e s a n d s e as o ns t h e e m
p l o y m e nt c e as es a n d t h e e m p l o y ee m ust l o o k f o r n e w fi e l d s In thi s .
wa y h e m ay an d f r e qu e ntly d o e s p ass f r o m o n e j o b t o an o th e r h o l d
, , ,
T h e y o un g m an w ith ca p acity wh o a f t e r h e h as ac q ui r e d t h e e xp e r i
,
It is e x ce e d in g ly d e si rabl e f o r t h e e n g in e e r t o b e c o m e at an e arly
d at e a p art o f a p e r m an e nt o r g anizati o n i n a lin e w hich h e w ill b e c o n
t e nt t o f o ll o w a s a pe r m an e nt li f e w o rk If a chan ge int o an o th e r lin e
.
hi gh e r p o siti o ns a re n o t so we ll p ai d O n t h e o th e r han d th o s e wh o
.
,
ti e s f o r de v e l o pm e nt b u t th e y d o n o t de m an d t h e c o nstant e x e rcis e o f
e n e r g y a n d t h e c o ntinu o us e ff o rt w hich a re c o m m o n t o c o m m e rcial
e ng in e e r m a y b e his a i m sh ou l d b e t o
p r o p e rly d o t h e w o rk at han d t o ,
42 P r i
. v at e P rac t ic e — T h e g r e at m aj o rit y o f e n g in e e ri n g
t ic e
.
”
In such wo rk t h e c o m p e nsati o n i s g e n e rally bas ed o n e ith e r a
p e r d i e m basis o r o n a p e rc e nta g e o f t h e c o st o f t h e w o rk w hich i s u n
d e rt ak en I n such p ractic e t h e e n g in e e r usually f urnish e s all t h e as
.
ti o n o f t h e wo rk as w e ll .
lat ed lin e s .
2 5 D u t ie s t o Sub o r d i n at e s — W h il e m u ch h a s b e e n sai d o f
. .
c ip l e has b ee n r e c o gn iz e d as e ss e ntial by t h e b e st m e n o f e v e ry a ge a n d
m a y b e tak e n .
p r o fi ts f r o m t h e sal e o f m at e rials c o m
, m issi o ns f r o m m an u f act u r e rs ,
2 7
. .
D u t i e s t o t h e P r o f e ss i o n —E v e ry p r o fe s si o na l m a n i s
.
28
.
a n d t h e f ailur e s o f th o s e w h o hav e g o n e b e f o r e T h e p r o c e e d in g s o f
.
e r w i se e nj o y . It is s e l f e vi d e nt th e r e f o r e that h e w h o e nj o ys t h e m ani
-
s u ch i de als in hi s p r o f e ss i o nal wo rk
T h e E n gi n e e r i n B u s i n e s s—E n g i n e e ri n g t rain i n g a f
.
2 9
.
c o n fi de nc e an d b u sin e ss p r e f e r m ent .
3 0 T h e E n g i ne e r a s a C i ti z e n
. T h e f ai lu r e o f e n g i n e e rs a s
.
-
in t h e o ffi c e a n d in t h e fi e l d He i s o f t e n a w ay f r o m h o m e an d hi s
.
m inati o n o f f acts h e is b e st fi tt e d t o j u d g e
,
Th e p ublic i s lar g e ly ig .
3 1 C o n d.u c t o f P r o f e ss i o na l P rac ti c e T h e co n du c t o f t h e
e n g in e e r o r a rchit e ct in t h e ractic e f hi s r o f e ssi o n sh o u l d b e g ov
p o p
e rn e d by a strict r e g a r d f o r t h e ri g hts o f o th e rs a n d an a p p r e ciati o n o f
r
p p o e r c o urs e o f in d ivi d ual acti o n in m o st cas e s .
R p r i nt e d f r o m t h
1 e e Quart e r ly B u ll e t i n of A m e r i can I nst i tute of
th e
Archi t cts A d o p t d by
e . e th e I nst i tute at th e Was hi ngt o n c o nve nt i on D e c , .
1 4—1 6, 1 9 09 .
P ro f e ss i o n a l P ra c t ic e 49
h i g h stan d ar d o f p rac ti c e a n d c o n d u c t o n t h e p a rt o f i t s m e m b e r s as
a sa f e g uar d o f t h e i m p o rtant fi nanc ial t e ch ni cal a n d e s th e ti c i nt e r ,
e s t s e n tru s t e d t o th e m o ff e rs t h e f o ll o w i n g a d vi c e r e lati v e t o
, p ro
f e s s i o n a l p ra cti c e
T h e p r o f ss i n o f arc hi t e ctur e ca ll s f o
e o m of th hi g h st i nt gr i t y r en e e e ,
h e acts as p r o f e ss i o na l a dv i s e r t o hi s c li e nt a d hi s a d v i c m ust b e a b o n e s
l t l y d i s i nt r e t ed ; h
u e i s c h arg ed w i t h t h xe rc i s o f j u d i c i a l f unct i ons
e s e e e e
m an d r s p e ct ed c o nfi d nc e an e .
N t f r l s
o se b o f ra m d w hi c h w ill p art i cu l ar iz
u e ca n a ll t h d ut i s o f
e e e e e
p r f ss i na l b r e t h r n
o e o d t th p u bli c eTh f ll o w i ng p r i nc i p l s s h o u l d
, an o e . e o e ,
h w v r g v rn t h e c n d uct f m m b rs f t h p r o f ss i n d s h u ld s e rve
o e e , o e o o e e o e e o an o
t h at f p r f ss i na l a d v i s r ; t hi s r l at i n c nt i nu s t h r o ug h o ut t h e e nt i r e
o o e o e e o o e .
o ffic i a l i nt r p r t r o f i ts c n d i t i ns
e e e d th j u d g f i ts p r f r m anc an o o an e e o e o e
a d d i t i na l r l at i n i s cr at d un d r whi ch i t i s i nc m b nt u p n t h e arch t ct
o e o e e e u e o i e
t o s id n e i t h r w i t h li nt
e e c ntract r b t t c e hi s p w rs
e nd e r t h e
n or o o , u o us o e u
g tia t
on act w i t h i m p art i a li t y t o b o t h p art i s
o e .
2 Pr l i m i.
y D e w i g dn ar E s t i m t — T h e arc hi t ct at t h
ra n o uts t
s an a es e e e
p r e p arat i n f d ra w i ngs
o d s p e c i ficat i o ns
o I t i s t h e d ut y f t h arc hi t ect
an . o e
t o m ak s c r p r e li m i nar y st i m at s wh en r q st d b t h e s h u l d
e or e u e e e e ue e , u o
ac q a i nt t h c li nt wi t h t h i r c o n d i t i na l c h aract r a d i n f r m h i m t h at
u e e e o e n o
an d s p c i ficat i ns e I f an nc nd i t i o na l li m i t f co st b e i m p s e d b f r suc h
o . u o o o e o e
n o r s p ns ibili t y t h at m a y p r v nt h i m f r m g i v i ng hi s cli nt d i s i nt r st d
e o e e o e e e e
a d v i c h s h u l d t by b n d o o t h r w i s guarant e an y est i m at e
e, e o no , o r e e, e or
co ntr ct a .
3 S p i te d
. ce a d E xp e t S e vi
u er n n s —O
en a ll wo r k xc p t t h i m
n r r ce n e e e s
p l st i t i s t o t h
e , i nt r st o f t h o wn r t m p l y a su p r i nt nd nt c l e r k
e e e e e o e o e e e or
of th -
w rk s
e- I n m an y ng i n r i ng p r bl m s a d i n c e rta i n s p ec i a liz e d
o . e ee o e n
50 Th e E n g i n e e r at W o rk
e st h e t i c p r bl m s i t i s t o hi s i nt e re st t o h av t h se rv i ce s o f s p e c i a l exp e rts
o e , e e
a d th
n archi t ct s h o u l d so i n f o r m h i m T h e exp e r i e nc a d s p e c i a l k n o wl
e e . e n
ed g e o f t h e arc hi t e ct m a k e i t t o t h e a d vantag e o f t h e o wn r t h at t h e p er e se
s o ns a l t h o ug h p ai d by t h e o wn e r s h o u l d b e s e l e ct ed by t h e arch i t ec t un d e r
, ,
wh o s e d i re ct i n t h e y a e t o wo r k o r .
T h e l o ca li t y o t h e natur e o f t h e wo r k t h e q ua li t y o f s e rv i c e s t o b e r en d e r e d
r , ,
h i g h e r ch arg e t h an t h at i n d i cat d by t h e sc h e du l e e .
5 P a y m e t f o r E xpe r t S e r vi c e —T h e arc hi t ct wh e n r ta i n e d as an e x
. n e e
p e rt w h t h r i
, c nn e ct i o n w i t h c o m p e t i t i ons o r o t h e r w i s e s h o u l d r e ce i ve
e e n o ,
t h e h n o r o f t h e p r o f e ss i o n i s i nv o l v d i n i t
o Und e r n c i rcu m stanc s s h o u l d e . o e
e xp e rts k n w i ng ly na m e p r i c e s i n c o m p e t i t i o n w i t h eac h
o t her o
ct o s —
.
6 S l e ct i o n of B i d d e s o C o t
. e T h e arc hi t ct s h u l d a d v i s e t h
r r n ra r e o e
c li e nt i n t h e s e l e ct i o n o f bi d d rs a n d i n t h e a war d o f t h e c o ntract I n a d e .
v i s i ng t h at n o n b t trust w rt hy bi d d e rs b i nv i t e d n d t h at t h e a war d b e
e u o e a
t e ct s t h e i nt e r sts o f hi s c li e nt e .
7 D u t i e s of t h e C o t r ct o
.
—As t h archi t e ct d c i d s wh t h e r n a n ot r . e e e e or
a d accurat e
n a n d h e s h o u l d n v r ca ll u p o n t h
, c o ntract o r t o m a k e go o d e e e
o v e rs i g h ts o e rr rs i n t h m o
r att em p t t o s hi r k r e s p o ns ibili t y by i n d fi n i te
o e n r e
8 E g a gi n g i n t h e B u i l d i g T a d es —T h e arc hi t e ct s h o u l d n o t d i r e ct ly
. n n r
i nte r st i n an y b u il d i ng m at e r i a l o d v i ce h e s h u l d o t s p e c i f y o r se i t
e r e , o n u
wi t h o ut t h e k no w l d g a d a p p r o va l f hi s c li e nt e e n o .
an y c m m i ss i o n o an y su b sta nt i a l s rv i ce f r o m a c o ntract o r o f r o m an y
o r e r
i nt r st e d p e rs o n o t h e r t h a h i s c li nt
’
e e n e .
1 0 E c ou r a g i g G o o d W o k m a sh i p —T h e l arg e p o we rs wi t h whi c h
. n n r n
d em b a d wo rk h
u s h u l d c om m n d g d wo r k I nt lli g nt i n i t i at i ve o n
, e o e oo . e e
an d t h e arc hi t e ct s h u l d m a k e e v i d nt hi s a p p r c i at i o n o f t h e d i gn i t y o f t h e
o e e
1 1 Off e ri g S e vi c e s G r t i t i o s l y —T h e s e ki ng o t
. n r f a p o ss ibl e c li e nt
a u u . e u o
a d t h e o ff r i ng t o h i m o f p r o f e ss i o n a l s rv i c
n e o a p p r ova l d w i t h o t o m e e n an u c
pen ti
sa un l e ss warrant e d by p rs o nal o p r ev i o s b us i n e ss r l at i o ns t n d s
on , e r u e ,
e
t o l o w r t h e d i gn i t y a d stan d i ng o f t h e p r o f ss i o n a n d i s t o b e c o n d e m n d
e n e e .
1 2 Ad ver t i si g —A d v e rt i s i ng t n d s t o l we r t h e d i gn i t y o f t h
. n p r ot es e o e
s i o n a d i s t h e re f o r e c n d e m n e d
n o .
P ro f e ss io n a l P ra c t ic e 5l
1 3 S i g i g B u i ld i g s a d Us of
. n n —T h e d i s p l a y o f t h e archi t ct s
n n e T i t l es e
’
us o f i n i t i a l s d e s i gnat i ng m m b rs hi p i n t h
e i nst i tute i s p r op e r i n co nn ec
e e e
t i n w i t h an y p r o f ss i ona l s e rv i ce a d i s t o b e nc ourag d as h e l p i ng t o
o e n e e
m a k e k n o wn t h e natur e o f t h h o n o r t h e y i m p ly e .
as co m p t i t o r p r o f ss i o na l a d v i s r o j ur o r un l ss t h e co m pe t i t i n i s t o
e or e e r e o
He m y n o t att e m p t t o i n fl u e nc t h a war d i n a c o m p t i t i o n i n wh i c h h e h as
a e e e
su b m i tt d d ra w i ngs e He m y n o t acce p t t h e c o m m i ss i n t o d t h e wo r k
. a o o
15 I j . i n g Ot h e r s— A
n ur archi te ct s h u l d o t f al s e ly o m a li c i ous ly i
n o n r h
j ur d i r ct ly r i n d i r ct ly t h e p r o f ss i o na l r ep utat i o n p r s p e cts o b u s i n e ss
e e o e , e , o r
o f a f e ll o w arc hi t ct e .
1 6 U d e t a k i g t h e W o l o f O t h e r s —A archi t ect s h ou l d t un d e r
i
. n r n r c n no
o f an arc hi t e ct p r e v i s ly m p l y e d a d w h o s e e m p l o y m nt h as b e n t r
ou e o n e e e
m i a t d r m a i ns unsat i sfi d un l e ss suc h c l a i m h as b e n r f rr e d t
n e e e , ar bi e e e o
t at i o
r o i ssu e h as b e n j o i n e d at l a w;
n r un l e ss t h e arc hi t ct p r ev i ous ly
e or e
e m p l o y m e nt .
1 7 D ti s t o St d
. u ts e d D r f t sm e n —T h u en arc hi t e ct sh ou l d a d v i s
an d a . e e an
H e s h l d as f a as p ract i ca bl e g i ve e nc urage m nt t a ll wo rt hy ag e nc i e
ou , r ,
o e o s
p r p arat
e i o n i s e ss nt i a l f o t h p ract i
e c e f arc hi t e ctur e arc r hi t e cts cann
e ot o ,
p o ss ibly i ns i st t str o ng ly t h at i t s
oo h o u l d r e st u p o n a b r o a d f o un d at i n f o o
gen e ra l c l tur u e
1 8 D u t i es t o t h e P u b l i c a d t o B i l d i g A t h o r i t i e s —Ah arc hi t e ct
.
. n u n u
by u rg i ng t h at h h as b t f o ll o we d hi s c li nt s i nstruct i o ns e sca p e t h e co
e u e
’
, n
d e m a t i o n attac hi ng t o hi s cts
n An archi t ct s h ou l d sup p o rt a ll p ubli c o ffi
a . e
ci l s wh o h av e c h arg
a o f b u il d i ng i n t h e r i g h t f l p e r f o r m anc
e f t h i r l e ga l u e o e
d ut i s H s h o u l d car f u lly c o m p ly w i t h a ll b i l d i ng l a ws a d r e gu l at i o n s
e . e e u n ,
52 Th e E n g i n e e r at W or k
an d any such a p p e ar t o h i m n wi s
if un f a i r h s h ou l d e n d e av o r t o h ave u e or , e
t h em a l t r d e e .
1 9 Pr o f e i o l Q
. l i fi ca t i o s —T h p u bli c h as t h e r i g h t t o xp e ct t h at
ss na ua n e e
t h e p r o p r i nv e nt i o n ill strat i n a d s p rv i s i n o f a ll b u il d i ng
e p e rat i o n , u o n u e o o s
t h e t i t l e o f arc hi t ct e .
L IT ERA T URE
I n dustr i a l L ea d rs hi p b y H L G au l t Ya l e Un i v rs i t y Pr e ss N w Haven e , . . . e , e .
T ra d M ra l s by E D Pag e Ya l e Un i v rs i t y Pr ss N ew Hav en
e o , . . . e e , .
M o ra l s i n M o d e rn B us i n e ss Y a l e Un i v rs i t y Pr e ss N e w Hav n . e , e .
Ev r y d a y Et hi cs Ya l e Un i v rs i t y Pr ss N e w Hav n
e . e e , e .
Et hi cs i n S rv i c e b y W H T a f t Ya l e Un i ve rs i t y Pr ss N w Hav en
e , . . . e , e .
New Y o r k .
Th e J b th Man t h B ss by B l ac k f r d a d N e wc m b R v i e w o f R e
o , e , e o ,
o n o . e
vi ews C N w Yo rk o .
, e .
T h e Eng i n e r d t h e S c i a l Pr bl m s D i scuss i n f t h d t y f t h e
e an o o e . o o e u o eu
gi e n t s c i t y Pr s i d nt i a l d d r ss t A m e r i ca n S c i e t y f C i v il En g i
er o o e . e e a e o o o
p . 119 .
Pr e s nt Da y T e n d nc i s d Pr o bl m s a d t h R e l at i o n f t h e Eng i n e er
e e e an e n e o
t o t h em A b stract o f a d d r ss by G rg F S wa i n Eng R e V o l 6 7 p 7 2 2
. e eo e . . . c . .
, . .
S ee a l s Eng N w s V l 6 9 p 1 3 4 6
o . e , o . , . .
Sc h l by F H N w ll Eng N e ws V l 6 8 p 1 53
oo . . e e . .
, o .
,
. .
T h e R e l at i n f t h Eng i n r t o L i f A d d r ss t o W st rn S c i t y f E
o o e ee e . e e e o e o n
Jan 1 1 1 9 1 1 by J h n w A l v r d
'
gi e n e r s, .
,
o . o .
T h e R l at i n o f Eng i n e r i ng t o Ec n m i cs
e D i scuss i n f t h e ff ects e
o e o o . o o e u
g i e e i g h d h d up o n t h
n r n c o n o m i c c n d i t i o ns by W illi a m K nt En g
a a e e o e . .
N ws Vol 3 4 p 1 5 6
e , .
, . .
D e fic i nc y i n P e rs na li t y R s p ns ibl e f
e Eng i n e rs Fa il ur e t R ec i v e o e o or e o e
R e c o gn i t i o n A d d r ss by Pr o f G F S wa i n b ef re A m e r i can I nst i t t o f
. e . . . o u e
E l ctr i ca l E g i n rs C m p ar e s q a li t i e s f l ea d e rs hi p f eng i n e rs d l a w
e n ee . o u or o e an
y ers Eng R e V l 7 1 p 2 61
. . c . o . , . .
R e l at i ns b t w n Cu st m e r C ns l t i ng Eng i n r d E l ctr i c l M n
o e ee o , o u ee an e a a u
d tyu d us e f l n ss f Eng i n e r
an S D ana G r ee n Eng N ew s V l 3 9 p 45
u e o e . . e . .
, o .
, . .
67 , p . 49 7 .
e ss r y f r g o d ng i n r a d d t i e s f eac h c l ass H C H S h nt n C o
a o o e ee n u o . . . . e o . n .
Eng V l 2 5 p 2 49
. o .
, . .
S m e P bli c R e l at i ns f t h e E ng i n ee r O p p rt n i t i e s f t h eng i n e r
o u o o . o u or e e
i n s oc i a l s e rv i c M N B k r Eng N w s V o l 6 5 p 3 4 6 e . . . a e . . e , .
, . .
C H AP T ER IV
P E R SO N AL AN D E T H I CAL R ELATI O N S
32 . L i m itati o n s of P o s it i v e L a w .
—T h n c s s i ty
a gu i de t o
e e e of
l e av e s m uch t o b e de sir e d .
g at e an d su p p l e m e nt t h e l a w in cas e s wh e r e strict l e g al r e li e f i s im
p racticabl e .
we i g ht i s f r e qu e ntly g iv e n t o v e st e d a n d p r o p e rty ri g ht t o t h e d at r i ,
w o u l d c o nstitut e a m o st u nha pp y c o m m u ni ty .
Et h ic s 55
si rabl e as a citiz e n f ri e n d o r n e i g hb o r
,
.
l e g al ri g ht in r e g ar d t o a c o u rs e o f c o n du ct is o f s e c o n d ary i m po rtance
t o t h e e th ical ri g ht an d h e w ill n o t e x e rcis e l e g al ri g hts wh ich a r e n o t
,
f a r sh o rt o f t h e o bj e ct . Th e n a g ain t h e e x e rcis e o f a l e g al ri g ht s o m e
,
c o unt o f t h e tr o u bl e i nv o lv e d U n fo rtunat e ly th e r e a r e m e n wh o a r e
.
p e r f e ct
. Tru e e thi cal p rinci pl e s a r e n o t a m att e r o f cust o m but a re
we ll u n de rst o o d a n d hav e b e e n r e c o g niz e d by t h e b e st m e n in all a g e s
a n d m a n w a lks o f li f e .T h e e th ical c o d e e stablish e d by c u st o m
chan g e s w ith t h e de v e l o pm e nt o f s o ci ety an d can r e ach p e r f e cti o n o nl y
wh e n s o ci e ty d e v el o p s m o rally f a r be y o n d its p r e s e nt c o n d iti o n .
w ill p e r m i t o f so m uch
cri m e a n d po v e rt y as n o w e xist i n e v e ry c o u n
t ry a r e n o t i de al a n d th e s e c o n d iti o ns w h ich n o w o btain a r e un do ubt
,
a r e r e g ar d e d a s w e ll f o un d e d by t h e s o c i e ty in w hich th e y liv e an d ,
st a n t i a t e d by p e rs o nal e x p e ri e nc e sh o u l d b e bas e d o n t h e c o ns e ns u s o f
,
b eg ins an d e n d s w h e r e ?
Th e r e can b e n o qu e sti o n that as a basis o f a succ e ss f ul li f e an d ,
that h e wh o w ill s e ll h i m s e l f o nc e m ay d o so a s e c o n d ti m e a n d t o t h e ,
p o int o f p o licy .
hi m s e l f a n d h is d ea r e st p o ss e ssi o n sh o ul d b e a s p o tl e ss r e p utati o n
, .
d e g r e e o f kn o wl e d g e a n d e x p e ri e nc e a n d an a pp e tit e f o r har d w o rk h is ,
S i fi t i f M "
35 pe c ca
. o n s o r a a n .
“
T r e s p ect m y co untry m y p r f e ss i n
o d m y s lf T b h n st d, o o , an e . o e o e an
f a i r w i t h m y f ll o w m e as I exp ct t h m t o b w i t h m e T b l ya l
“
e n e e e . o e a o
c i t iz e n f t h e Un i t d Stat s T s p k o f i t w i t h p ra i s
o e d act a l w a y s as a
e . o ea e an
p r e st i g e w i t h i t W h e r v r i t g s e e oe .
“
T bas m y xp ctat i ns f a r e war d o a s o li d f o un d at i n f s rv i ce
o e e e o o n o o e
r e n d e r e d T b e w illi ng t p y t h e p r i c o f succ ss i n h o n st e ff rt T
. o o a e e e o . o
l o o k u p n m y w r k as an p p rtun i t y t b e s e iz e d w i t h j o y d t b e m a d e
o o o o o an o
t h e m o st f t as a p a i n f u l d ru d g r y t
o , no b e r l uctant ly n d ur e d e o e e .
“
T r e m m b e r t h at succ ss l i s w i t hi n m y w s l f
o e d in m y w e e o n e an o n
b ra i n m y w a m bi t i o n d m y w c urage d d t r m i nat i o n T xp ct
, o n an o n o an e e . o e e
d i fficu l t i e s d f rc e m y w y t h r o ug h t h m
an o T o turn h ar d exp e r i e nc e i nt o
a e .
ca p i ta l f r f utur e struggl e
o s .
t i m i m in t h
s p r s nc f t h o se I m eet
e T e d i s p l a ll t m p r w i t h c h
e e o rf u l . o e e e ee
n ss kill d u b ts w i t h str o ng c o nv i ct i n
e , o d r e d uc act i n w i t h an agr e o , an e o e
a bl p rs na li t y
e e o .
“
T m a k a stu d y o f m y b us i n e ss
o e T k n o w m y p r f ss i n i n ve r y . o o e o e
d e ta il T o m i x b ra i ns w i t h e ff rt a d s y st m i n m y wo r k
.
T fi d tim t o n e . o n e o
d o e v e r y n e e d f u l t hi ng by n o t l e tt i ng t i m e fi d m e d o i ng n o t hi ng T o h ar d n . o
d a y s as a m i s e r d s d ll ars T o m a k e eve r y h o ur b r i ng m d i v i d e n d s i n
oe o . e
m o st p r e c i o us st c k i n tra d e
o .
Fi na lly t o ta k e a g d gr i p o t h e j o y s o f li f T o p l a y t h e ga m e lik e
oo n e .
am an . T o fig h t ag ai nst n t hi ng as h ar d as m y o w
o w a k n e ss a d e n d e av o r
n e n
t o g i v i t str e ngt h
e T o b a g e nt l e m an a d a C h r i st i an o I m y b e c o urt eo u
. e n s a s
to ma n f a i t h f u l t o f r i e n d s a n d tru e t o G o d
, .
—
,
3 6 C. o d e o f E th ic s W i th i n t h e la s t t e n y e ar s ( 9 )
1 1 6 t h e d i s
Th e y a r e an e x p r e ssi o n o f i de as which e v e ry m an sh o ul d th o u g ht
f ully c o nsi de r .
T h e m a n o f e x p e ri e nc e a n d o f hi g h i d e als w h o d e si r e s t o liv e a li f e
o f us e f uln e ss a n d h o n o r n ee d s n o f o r m al c o d e o f e thics t o g ui d e hi s p e r
3 7 Th e C an o n s o f E th i c s o f t h e Am e ri c an I n s ti t u t e o f Ar c h i
.
t e c t s — Th e f o ll o w in g can o ns a r e a do p t e d by t h e Am e ri ca n I nstit u t e o f
Arch i t e c ts a s a g e n e ral g u i d e y e t t h e e nu m e rati o n o f p arti c u lar d u
,
t i e s sh o u l d n o t b e c o n s tru e d a s a d e n ial o f t h e e xi s t e n c e o f o th e rs
e qu ally i m o rta nt alth o u g h n o t s p e c i fi cally m e n ti o n e d
p I t sh o u l d .
.2 T o g arant e e an e st i m at e o c ntract by b o n d o r o t h e r w i s e
u r o .
f r o m an y i nt e r e st d p art y o t h e r t h an t h e o wn e r
e .
.4 T o a d v e rt i s e .
Co de o f Et h ic s 59
h ar m o n y wi t h t h e p r i nc i p l e s ap p r v d by t h I nst i t t e o e e u .
s e cur e wo r k f o whi c h a c om p e t i t i o n i s i n p r o gr e s s
r .
7 T o att m p t t o i n fl u e nc e e i t h e r d i r e ct ly
. e i n d i r e ct ly t h e awar d o f a
, or ,
com pe t i t i o n i n whi c h h e i s a co m p e t i t o r .
8 T o a cc e p t t h e co m m i ss i o n t o d o t h e wo r k f o r whi c h a c om p e t i t i o n h as
.
t h e p r o gra m o r i n m a ki ng t h e a war d .
9 T o i n j ur e f a l s e ly o
. m a li c i ous ly d i r e ct ly o r i n d i r e ct ly t h e p o f es
r , ,
r
1 0 T o un d rta k e a c o m m i ss i o n w hil
. e t h e c la i m f o co m p ensat i n o e r o r
d a m ag e s b t h o f an arc hi t ec t p r ev i o us ly e m p l y d a d wh s e e m p l o y
, or o ,
o e n o
b e n ta k e n t o war d hi s e m p l o y m e nt
e .
1 2 T o c mpet
. k n wi ng ly w i t h a f ll o w arc hi te ct f o em p l o y m e nt on
o e o e r
t h e b as i s o f p r f e ss i o na l c h arg s
o e .
3 8 C o d e o f P r o f e s s i o nal E th ic s o f T h e Am e ric a n I n s t i t u t e o f
.
C o n su l t i n g E n g i n e e r s — It sh al l b e c o n s i d e r e d u n p r o f e s si o nal a n d
.
2
i nc o n s i st e n t w i th h o n o rabl e a n d d i g ni fi e d b e ari n g fo r a ny m e m b e r
o f T h e Am e ri can I n sti tut e o f C o n su lti n g E n g i n e e r s
1 T o act f
. hi s cli e nts i n p r o f ss i ona l m att e rs t h e r wi s e t h an i n a
or e o
2 T
. acc p t an y tra d e c m m i ss i ns d i sc unts a ll o wance s o an y i n d i
o e o o , o , , r
t o d e s i gn o t o su p e r i nt e n d o i n c o nn e ct i o n w i t h an y p r o f e ss i o na l b us i n e s s
r , r
whi c h m y b antrust e d t o h i m
e e .
3 T n e g l ct i n f o rm i ng hi s c li nts f an y b us i n es s c o nn e ct i o ns i nt r e sts
. o e e o ,
e
o r c i rc m stanc e s w hi c h m y b d e m e d as i n fl u nc i ng hi s j u d g m nt
u a e th e e e e or
4 T o r c iv
. d i r ct ly o i n d i r e ct ly an y r y a l t y gratu i t y o c mm i ss i n
e e e, e , r , o , , r o o
o n an y p at nt d o p r o t ct d art i c l e o p r c e ss us e d i n wo r k u p n whi c h h e
e e r e e r o o
o r c o m m i ss i o n h as b ee n ut h o r iz d i n wr i t i ng b y hi s c li nts
a e e .
5 T o o d e r c m m i ss i ns o
. o t h e rwi s
o i m p r p e r ly s li c i t p r f e ss i na l
o r e o o o o
wo r k e i t h r d i r ct ly o by an ag nt
e e r e .
6 T att e m p t t o i n j ur f a l s e ly o m a li c i o us ly d i r ct ly
. o e i n d i r ect ly t h r , e or , e
p r o f ss i o n a l r e p tat i o n p r s p e cts o
e u b us i n ss o f a f ll o w ng i n e r
, o r e e e e .
7 T o acc e p t m p l o y m nt by a c li e nt whil t h
. e c l a i m f o c om p e nsat i o n
e e e r
or d a m ag s o b t h e , f a f ll o w ngi n e r p r e v i ous ly e m p l o y d by t h e sa m e
r o , o e e e e
2 Aut h o r iz ed by th e c o nc il Jun e
u , 2 3 , 1 91 1 .
60 Pe r so n a l an d E t h i c a l R e la t i o n s
l wa n l ss t h ng i n r p r v i ous ly m p l o y d h s n g l ct e d t o p r ss h i s
or u e e e ee e e e a e e e
cl a i m l ga lly e .
8 T att e m p t t s p p lant a f ll o w e ng i n e r a f t e r d fin i t st e p s ha ve
. o o u e e e e
b ee n ta k en t o war d hi s m p l o y m e nt e .
9 T o c m p e t e w i t h a f e ll o w e ng i n e e r f o
. o e m p l o y m e nt o t h e b as i s o f r n
b i d a f t e r b i ng i n f o r m d o f t h e c h arg s na m d by hi s c m p e t i t r
e e e e o o .
10 T acc p t an y ngag m nt t o r ev i w t h e w r k o f a f ll o w ng i ne e r
. o ,
e e e e e o e e
fo th r sa m e c li e nt exce p t w i t h t h k n o wl e d g o co ns e nt f suc h ng i n e r
e , e e r o e e
3 9 C o d e o f P ri n c i p l e s o f P r o f e s s i o n al C o n d u ct o f T h e Am e r
.
i c a n I n s ti tu t e o f E l e c t ri cal E n gi n e e r s fi — W h il e t h e f o ll o w in g p ri n
c i p l e s e x p r e ss g e n e rally t h e e n g in e e r s r e lati o ns t o cli e nt e m pl o y e r
,
’
t h e p ub li c a n d t h e e n g i n e e ri n g f rat e rn ity it i s n o t p r e su m e d th at
, ,
th e y d e fi n e all o f t h e e n g i n e e r s d ut i e s a n d o bl i g ati o n s ’
.
( A ) G E N E R AL P R IN C I L ES P .
I n a ll f hi s r l at i ns t h e
1 . o b gu i d e d by t h e hi gh st
e o e ng i n e r s h l d
e ou e e
p r i nc i p l s o f h n r e o o .
2 I t i s t h d ut y f t h e ng i n e r t o s t i s f y hi m s l f t o t h e b e st o f hi s
. e o e e a e
a bili t y t h at t h e e nt e r p r i s e s w i t h w hi c h h e b e c m e s i d e nt i fi e d a e o f l g i t i m at o r e e
c h aract r I f f t r b c m i ng ass c i at e d w i t h an nt e r p r i s e h e fin d s i t t o b e
e . a e e o o e
o f q u st i o na ble ch aract r h s h u l d s v r hi s c o nn ct i n wi t h i t as s n as
e e ,
e o e e e o oo
p ract i ca bl e .
( B ) T H E N G IN E E S R A I O N S CL I E NT O E M OY E R
’
E R EL T TO R PL .
e ng i n r s h o u l d co ns i d e r t h e p r t e ct i o n o f a c li ent s o e m ’
3 Th . e ee o r
e xp ctat i o n o f a c li nt o
e em p l oy r t h e e ng i n e r s h o u l d i n f o r m h i m o f t h e
e r e , e
s i tuat i o n .
o t h r w i s e f r om m o re t h an
e , i nt r st d p art y wi t h ut t h e c ns e nt o f a ll on e e e e , o o
m ust o t acc p t c o m m i ss i ns
n d i r ct ly o e i n d i r ct ly f r m p art i e s d e a li ng
o , e r e , o
w i t h hi s c li nt o m p l oy e r e r e .
5 An eng i n e r ca ll d u p on t d c i d e t h e s f i nv nt i o ns a p p arat s
. e e o e u e o e , u ,
6 An e ng i n e e r i n i n d e p e n d e nt p ract i ce m y b e m p l o y d by m o r e t h an
. a e e
s h o u l d b e un d e rst o d t h at h e i s ot xpe ct d t o d vo t e hi s nt i re t i m t o t h e
o n e e e e e
w rk o f o e b t i s f r
o t o carr y o t
n , t h r ngag m ents A c o nsu l t i ng e ng i
u ee u o e e e .
3
A d op t e d b y th e b ar d
o of d i r e ct o rs Marc h , 8, 1 9 1 2 .
62 Pe rso n a l an d E t h i c a l R el at io n s
(D) T H E E N G I NE EE I ’
s R EL AT I ON S TO T HE P U BL C .
16 T h e e ng i n e r s h o u l d e n d e avo r t o as s i st t h e p u bli c t o a f a i r a d
. e n
c o rr ct ge n e ra l n d e rstan d i ng o f e ng i n r i ng m at t e rs t o ext e n d t h e g n ra l
e u ee , e e
p o s o f i n d uc i ng t h e p u bli c t o p art i c i p at
e , i n un w rt hy e nt e r p r i s e s e o .
17 T ch n i ca l d i scus s i ns d cr i t i c i s m s o f ng i n e r i ng su b j cts s h u l d
. e o an e e e o
i n t h e t ec h n i ca l p r e ss .
o t h e r e ng i n e r i ng a d vanc e s s h u l d
e ot b m a d t h r o ug h t h p u bli c p r e ss
o n e e e ,
b t b f o r e e ng i n e r i ng s o c i t i s o r t h r
u e e gh t ch n i ca l p ubli cat i o ns
e e ou e .
19 I t i s unp r o f e ss i na l t o g i v an p i n i n o a su bj ct wi t h t b e i ng
. o e o o n e ou
f u lly i n f o r m d as t a ll t h e f cts r l at i ng t h r e t a d as t o t h
o e p ur p s e s f o r
a e e o n e o
m e nt o f t h e c o n d i t i ns un d e r whi c h i t a p p li s o e .
( E ) T H E N GI N s R E A TI N S o T H E E N G IN EE IN G FB ATE N I Y
’
E EER L O T R E T .
2 0 T h e e ng i n e r s h u l d ta k e an i nt r st i n a d ass i st hi s f e ll o w ng i
. e o e e n e
e n d av o r t
e p r o t e ct a ll r e p uta bl e e ng i n e e rs f r o m m i sr e p r e s e ntat i on
o .
21 Th . e ng i n e r s h u l d ta k e car e t h at cr e d i t f o
e e e ng i n e e r i ng wo r k i s
o r
attr i b ut ed t t h s e wh so f r as hi s k n o w l e d ge f t h e m att e r g o s e t h e
o o o, a o e ,
ar
r ea l aut h o rs o f suc h wo r k .
22 An e ng i n ee r i r s p o ns ibl c h arg o f w r k s h u l d t p r m i t n
. n e e e o o no e no
i ng gr o un d s .
( F ) A M E ND M E NT S .
A d d i t i o ns t o o m o d i ficat i o ns i n t hi s C o d e m a y b e m a d e by t h e B ar d
, r , o
o f D i r e ct o rs un d e r t h e p r o c d ur e a p p lyi ng t o a b y l a w e -
.
4 0 C o d e o f E th i c s Su gg e st e d f o r Th e Am e ric an I n st i tu t e o f
.
C h e m ical E n g i n e e r s
Purp o s e o f t h e C o d e
T o d e fin t h e ru l s f p r o f e ss i na l c o n d uct
e e d e t hi cs f o t h
o m e m b rs o an r e e
o f t h e I nst i tut e .
1 Th at i n a ll o f t h e i r r e l at i ns t h y s h a ll b
. gu i d ed by t h e hi g h st o , e e e
p r i nc i p l s o f h o n o r
e .
2 T h e u p h o l d i ng b e f o r
. t h e p u bli c at a ll t i m e s o f t h e d i gn i t y o f t h e
e
i ts m m b e rs f r o m m i e p e sen t a i o n
e sr r .
3 P e rs o na l h l p f u l n e ss n d f rat rn i t y b e t we e n i ts m e m b e rs a d t o war d
. e a e n
th p r o f ss i o n g e n ra lly
e e e .
Co de o f E t h ic s 63
v en tio s o nt h e r ch e m i ca l a d vanc s t h y s h ou l d t b e m a d e t h r ug h t h e
r o e , e no o
p u bli c p r e ss b ut t h r ug h c h e m i ca l s o c i e t i e s
,
d t c h n i ca l p u bl i cat i ns
o an e o .
5 T h e r e f usa l t o un d e rta k
. f o r c m p nsat i n w r k w hi c h h b e li ev s e o e o , o e e
i m p o b b i l t y o f succ ss f u l r e su l ts
r a e .
c h arg s a e s t at a l w figur e f o a d ve rt i s i ng p ur p o s s
e r e o r e .
7 T h e r f usa l t
. l n d t h e i r na m e s t o an y qu st i onabl e nt rp r i s
e o e e e e e .
8 C o ns vat i s m i n a ll
. st i m at s r p rts t e st i m n y t c e s pe c i a lly i n
er e e ,
e o , o , e .
,
c o nn e ct i n w i t h t h e p r m o t i n o f b us i n ss e nt r p r i s e s
o o o e e .
9 Th at t h y s h a ll
. t ngag i n an y ccu p at i n whi c h i s o b v i o us ly co
e no e e o o n
t rar y t l a w r p u bli c w l f ar e
o o e .
1 0 Wh e n a c h m i ca l e ng i n e r
. n d e rta ke s f o t h e rs wo r k i n co nn ect i n
e e u or o
r ec r d s h e s h u l d nt r i nt a w r i tt n agr m nt w i t h r gar d t o t h i r o wn r
o , o e e o e ee e e e e
s hi p ; d wh n i t i s su b s q u nt ly f o un d t h at s
an e h an agr e m e nt d e s t e e uc e o no
c ve r a p o i nt at i ssu t h e f ll owi ng ru l s s h a ll a p p ly
o e, o e
a If a ch e m i ca l ng i n r us e s i n f o r m at i n w hi c h i s ot c m m on k n o w l
.
“
e ee o n o
e d g e o r p u bli c p r o p e rt y b t w hi c h h e b ta i ns f r m a c li nt o e m p l o y e r t h
, u o o e r , e
a s hi s p r o p e rt y b t t h p r o p rt y f h i s c li nt
, u m p l oy r e e o e or e e .
b If a c h m i ca l ng i n r us s n ly h i o wn k n w l d g e o i n f o r m t i o n
. e e ee e o s o e r a
o b ta i ns n ch e m i ca l ngi n r i ng d ata f r om a c li nt
o e m p l y e r exc e p t p
e ee e or o er
f orma e s p c i ficat i o n s
nc r out i n i n f r m at i o n t h n t h e r e su l ts i n t h e f r m
e or e o , e o
p r p rt y o f t h e ng i n e r a d t h e c li nt o
o e e m p l y r s h o u l d b e nt i t l e d t t h e i r
e n e r e o e e o
u se n ly i n t h e cas f whi c h t h ng i n r w a r ta i n d
o e or e e ee s e e .
c A ll wo r k a d r e su l ts acco m p li s h e d by t h e c h m i ca l ng i n e r i n t h e
. n e e e
f o r m o f i nv nt i ns p l ans d s i gns e o t h r r ec r d s
o , o o uts i d f t h e fiel d
, e or e o , r e o
f or whi ch a c li e nt o m p l o y r h as r e ta i n d h i m s h o u l d b e r e gar d e d as t h
r e e e , e
c h e m i ca l e ng i n ee r s p r p e rt y ’
o .
(1 W h e n c h m i ca l ng i n e r p art i c i p at e s i n t h b il d i ng o f a p p aratus
. a e e e e u
f r m d s i gns s p p l i e d h i m by a c li e nt t h d s i gns r m a i n t h p r o p e rt y o f t h
o e u , e e e e e
c li e nt a d s h o u l d n t b e d u p li cat e d by t h e d s i gn r o an y n e r p r e s e nt i ng
n o e e r o e
h im f o t h e rs w i t h o ut exp r ss p r m i ss i o n
or e e .
e C h m i ca l ng i n ee r i ng d ata o i n f r m at i o n whi c h a c h m i ca l ng i ne e r
. e e r o e e
i nf o r m at i n m ust b e c ns i d e r e d c o nfi d nt i a l by t h e e ng i n r ;
o o d whil e h e e ee an
is im p r p r o e .
f D e s i gns d ata r e c o r d s a d n o t s m a d e by an e m p l o y e e a n d r e f e rr i ng
.
, , n e
t o hi s e m p l o y e r s w o r k s h u l d b e r e gar d d s hi s e m p l o y e r s p r o p rt y
’ ’
, o e a e .
'
64 P e r so n a l an d E t h i c a l R e la t i o n s
g A c li nt d s o t ac qu i r e an y excl us i v r i gh t t o p l ans
. e oe n a p p aratus e or
m a d e o c nstruct d by a c o ns l t i ng c h e m i ca l ng i n ee r xc p t f o t h e s p e c i fic
r o e u e e e r
cas e f o whi c h t h y w r e m a d e
r e e .
or oth rwi s f r o m m o r t h an
e e,i nt e r st d p art y w i t h o ut t h e co ns e nt o f a ll
e on e e e ,
c li e nt o r e m p l o y r e .
W h n ca ll ed u p o n t d c i d e
e th e f i nv e nt i o n s a p p aratus p o o e on e us o -
, r
c ss e s et c i n w hi c h h h a financ i a l i nt e r st h s h ou l d m ak hi s status
e , .
, e as e , e e
1 2 T h e c h e m i ca l ng i ne e r s h u l d e n d eav r at a ll t i m e s t o g iv e cr d i t
‘
. e o o e
f o w rk t o t h s wh
r o f as hi s k n o w l d g g s a e t h r a l aut h o rs o f
o e o , so ar e e oe , r e e
suc h w o r k .
1 3 U di g ifi d . s nsat i na l o m i s l a d i ng a dv e rt i s i ng s h u l d b e d i s
n n e , e o r e o .
co u r a g e d .
14 C o ntracts m a d by c h m i ca l ng i n rs s h o l d b su b j ct t o t h e C o d e
. e e e ee u e e
o f Et hi cs .
Fo th a d m i n i strat i n f t hi s C d o f Ethi cs a C om m i tt e
r e o Et hi cs o o e , e on
s h a ll b a p p i nt d by t h e p r s i d nt h o l d i ng o ffi ce at t h t i m o f t h a d p t i o n
e o e e e e e e o
o f t hi s C o d t o c o ns i st f fi v m mb rs ;
e, a p p o i nt ed f fi ve y ars an t h r
o e e e on e or e , o e
on e y ar e d t h e r a f t e r t h e p r e s i d nt t h n h l d i ng o ffic
, an e s h a ll a p p i nt o e
, e e o e o n
m m b r annua ll y t
e e s rv f fi v y ars a d a l s fi ll such va canc i e s as m y
o e e or e e n o a
o ccur f t h un xp i r ed t r m Th r e o f t h s e m m b e rs s h a ll b e v e r f rt y
or e e e . e e e o o
fi v y e ars
e f g T h e c o m m i tt e
o a s h a ll l e ct i ts w c h a i r m an T h e C om
e . e e o n .
m i t t e o Et hi cs s h a ll i nv st i gat a ll c m p l a i nts s b m i tt e d t t h m b e ar i ng
e n e e o u o e
u p o n t h e p r o f ss i na l c n d ct o f an y m em b r
e o d af t r a fair o p p rtun i t y
u e ,
an e o o
t o b e h ar d h as b e n g i v e n t
e th m m be r i nv o l v d s h a ll r e p rt i ts fin d i ng s
e o e e e , o
4 1 C o d e o f E th i c s Ad o p t e d b y Am e r ica n So c i e t y o f C iv i l
.
E n g i n ee rs Se p t e m b e r 2 ,
I gI 4 —It s h al l b e c o n s i d e r e d u n p ro f e s , .
s i o ua l a n d i n c o n s i st e n t w i th h o n o rabl e a n d d i g n i fi e d b e ari n g f o r
a ny m e m b e r o f t h e Am e ri can So ci e ty o f C i vi l E n g i n e e r s
1 T o act f o
. h i s c li nts i n p r o f e ss i o na l m att rs
r t h r w i s e t h an as a
e e o e
2 T att m p t t o i n j ur e f a l s e l y
. o e m a li c i s l y d i r ect ly o i n d i r ct ly t h e or ou . r e ,
p r o f ss i o na l r p tat i n p r s p e cts
e e b s i n ss f an o t h e r eng i n e r
u o , o , or u e , o e .
3 T att e m p t t o su p p l ant an o t h r e ng i n r a f t r d fin i t e st p s h av b n
. o e ee e e e e ee
ta k n t owar d hi s m p l y m nt
e e o e .
4 T o c m p t e w i t h an t h e r
. o ng i n e r f
e m p l y m e nt o th ba s i s o f
o e e or e o n e
t m p t i ng t un d r bi d a f t r b i ng i n f r m d f t h e ch arg s na m e d by an o t h e r
e o e e e o e o e . .
5 T o r vi w t h
. w o r k f an t h e r ng i n r f o t h
e e e sa m c li nt exc p t o o e ee r e e e , e
w i t h t h e k n o w l d g o c ns nt f s c h e ng i n e e r e e un l ss t h e c o nn e ct i o n f
r o e o u , or e o
such ng i n e r w i t h t h w r k h as b e e n t e rm i nat d
e e e o e .
Q u es t io n s in Et h ic s
s t r y t o t h e d i gn i t y
o f t h e p r o f ss i o n o e .
4 2 Q u e sti
. o n s i n E th ic s — I t i s r e a s o nab l y a s su m e d th at n o
o n e w h o is int e r e st e d i n t h e d i scussi o n o f E thics w o ul d de lib e rat e ly f o l
C o n d u c t m a y vary f r o m su ch o b vi o u s co n d iti o n s t o th o s e i n
w h i ch t h e qu e st i o n s o f ri g h t a n d w r o n g a r e s o i n d i st in c t th a t O p i n
i o n s m a y j u stly vary c o nc e rn in g t h e m att e r w h i ch i n e xt r e m e , ,
'
sh o ul d e x p r e s s h i s o p i ni o n a n d t h e an s w e rs a f t e r b e i n g e xa m i n e d , , ,
1 A y o ng ng i n
. r a p p li d f o r a p o s i t i n t h at w t o last s i x m o nt h s
u e ee e o as ,
a n d se cur e d t h e a p p o i nt m e nt i n act i v e c o m p e t i t i o n w i t h s v ra l o t h r s e e e .
A f t e r h h a d w r k d at t h e j o b f a m nt h h e w off r e d an p p o rtun i t y
e o e or o , as e o
t o gr at ly b tt e r hi s sa l ar y i n an o t h r c i t y
e e As h w financ i a lly i po e . e as rres n
d c li n e t h n e w ff e r a d w h y
e e o , n ?
2 Assu m e t h at an e ng i n
. r w r an a p p li cant f o a c rta i n p o s i t i n a d
ee e e r e o n
t h e sa m po s i t i n h as h e ar d un f av o rabl e r p o rt s‘
e co e ni g wh o m h
o , nc r n e e .
S h u l d h e gi ve t h e i n f o r m at i n h p o ss ss e s
o o e e ?
3 A y ung ng i n e r wa s m p l o y ed f
. o e s o m y ars w i t h an eng i n r i ng
e e or e e ee
fi m a d ac q u i r e d c o ns i d e ra bl
r n xp e r i e nc i n t h e i r s p c i a l t y A p art y d s i r i ng :
e e e e . e
s o m wo r k d o n a l o ng t h at li n a d h o p i ng t o s ecur e t h e sa m e at a l w figur e
e e e, n o ”
p r o p s d t h at t h e y ung
o e ng i n r ta k u p t hi s wo r k at d d t i m e s i n d e
o e ee e o ,
p e n d nt ly o f hi s
e m p l y rs wh o as b e i e ss w a s s o m w h at d u ll c u l d s p ar e
o e ,
us n . e , o
4 I f an
. ng i n r i s em p l oy e d f o a p rt i n f hi s t i m e by a sta t e t o
e ee r o o o
a d o v r whi c
n e h t h e stat e h as assu m d a c rta i n c ntr o l i s h j ust i fi e d i n e e o , e
66 P e r so n a l an d E t h i c a l R e la t i o n s
s e ki ng
e ract i ce hi s p r f ss i n by un d e rta ki ng t p r e p ar p lans n d s p e c i
to p o e o o e a
fi a t i o s f o w o r k a l o ng s i m il ar li n s
c n r d w i t hi n t h e sa m e stat e e an ?
5 S h u ld o sh u ld
. o o t an ng i n r wh h as p r p ar ed p l ans d s p c i
r o n e ee o e an e
fi ca t i s fo on a p i e ce o f wo r k b i d o t h e sam e a s a co ntract o r a d wh y
r , n , n ?
6 P l ans . n d s p c i ficat i o ns w r
a p r p ar ed by e fi m of ng in e rs f o a e e e a r e e r
wat e r wo r k s s y st e m f o a s m a ll c i t y a n d bi d s w r i nv i t e d r An o t h e r e ng i , e e .
t o s ec r t h e c o ntract t h r ug h t h i r a bili t y t
u e d o t h e wo r k o n t h c hea p r
o e o e e
s y st m at a l ss p r i c e t h an c l d b e m ad by t h e o t h r co ntract o rs
e e th e ou e e on
o fli i l p l ans
c a Was t h e o t h e r ng i n e r j ust i fi e d i n hi s co n d uct d wh y
. e e , an ?
sa f t y f t h e p l ans h e h d p r o p s ed I n t h e a b s nc f t h e e ng i n e r a d
e o a o . e e o e , n
w i t h ut a d v i s i ng h i m as t o t h e i r i nt nt i n t h y ca ll d i n an o t h r e ng i n e r
o e o , e e e e ,
e xp l a i n i ng i t h i r l tt r t h at t h e y d e s i r d h i m t c h c k p t h p l ans d
n e e e e o e u e an
a d v i s t h e m as t o t h e i r sa f t y d su ffi c i nc y S h u l d t h s e c n d e ng i n r
e e an e . o e o ee
acc e p t d c li n e t h
or s rv i c
e d w h at gr o un d s
e e e, an on ?
8 A s e c o n d c m p an y un d r s i m il ar c i rcu m stanc e s
. o n d wi t h t h e o e , a c n
s nt o f t h i r e ng i n e r ca ll d f s i m il ar s rv i ce s f r m an o t h e r ng i n e r wh
e e e , e or e o e e , o
w hi l e i t w as n t o b v i o us y e t h u l d eas ily s h o w t h at a c ns i d ra bl e m
“
o , e co o e su
o f m n e y c u l d b e sav d a d t h e p l ant m a d
o o m uc h m r e sat i s f ct r y by ce r
e n e o a o
t o s om xt e nt o t h e ng i n e r f t h wo r k a d i f t h e p l ans w r e a ll o w d
e e n e e o e , n e e
it or w s i t n t t h d ut y f t h c o nsu l t i ng e ng i n e r t ca ll t h e atte nt i o n o f
a o e ,
o e e o
th e c m p an y t o t h e d f ct at t h exp e ns o f hi s f ll w ng i n ee r s r p utat i o n
o e e , e e e o e
’
e ?
9 An i nv e st i gat i o n w s m a d e o f a c o nt e m p l at e d i rr i gat i n p r o j ct n d a
. a o e a
f av o ra bl e r p o rt w a d u ly su b m i tt e d by an i rr i gat i n e ngi n e r t
e s a d ve l p o e o e o
m e nt c m p an y oAn o t h r e ng i ne e r was c ll d t o m a k e s rv ey s p re p ar e p l an
. e a e u ,
s
a d s p c i ficat i o ns a d t
n e su p e rv i s e c o nstruct i o n A f te r c ns i d ra bl p r o g
n o . o e e
r e ss h d b e e n m a d i n t h d e ta il d i nv st i gat i o ns t h e e ng i n e r b ecam e
a e e e e , e co n
vi n ce d t h at t h p r e li m i nar y r e p o rt w s gr at ly i n
e rr r a d t h at t h p r o j ec t a e e o n e
c u l d n t b e a s cc ss financ i a ll y H i s p i n i n w s su b m i tt d t t h d ev l
o o u e . o o a e o e e
0p m t c m p an y
en d t h y i nstruct d h i m t o k e p hi s r p o rt c nfi d e nt i a l
o , an e d e e e o an
to co nt i nu t h e w r k w i t h t h i nt ent i o n o f s lli ng s fli i t l an d t p ro t ec t
e o ,
e e u c en o
t h m s lv s f r m fin a nc i a l l ss o f t h m o n y a l r a d y i nv st e d a d p e r h a p s
e e e o o e e e e n
th e w r k un d r suc h c o n d i t i o ns a n d wh y
o e ,
?
1 0 An e ng i n e r h av i ng e xa m i n d a wat e r p o we r p r j ct r p o rt d t o hi s
.
e , e o e , e e
c li e nts t h at i n hi s p i n i n t h e c o st o f d eve l p m e nt d o t h e r co n d i t i ns
o o o an o
wo u l d ma k e t h c os t o f t h e p o ss ibl e p w r e t p ut t o o gr e at t o m ak e t h e o e ou
w s d r o p p e d by t h
a c li e nt Lat r t h e sa m e p r j ct wa ta k n p by a
e . e , o e s e u
p o we r co m p an y d th s a m e e ng i n e r wa s as k e d t o t k e c h arg e o f t h e
, an e e a
d e v l o p m e nt
e Wh at wa s hi s d ut y i n t h e p r m i s s a d wh y
. e e , n ?
Q u e st i o n s in E t h ic s 67
A m anu f actur r o ff r e d an e ng i ne e r a c o m m i ss i o n o f t p e r ce nt on
11 . e e en
a ll t h e m at r i a l t h at m i g h t b us d e a co ntract p r ov i d ed hi s s p e c i a l b rand e e on ,
o f m at r i a l w s s p c i fi d
e If t h ng i n r k ne w o b e li ve d t h at t h e m t e r i a l
a e e . e e ee r e a
wa s qua l t o an y s i m il ar m at r i a l o t h m ar k t w o u l d h e b e j ust i fi e d i n a
e e n e e , c
o ff r a d w h y
?
c pt i g t h
e n e e , n
on t h e m ar k t d w ul d t c st m r e t h an o t h r m at r i a l s o f t h e sam e
e , an o no o o e e
ki n d ?
1 3 If a s i m il ar
. ff e r w r e m a d t o a c ntract o r t o s p e c i f y c e rta i n m a
o e e o
te i a l w i t h hi s b i d wo u l d h b e j ust i fi d i n a e p t g t h e sa m
r s , n d wh y e e cc n e, a ?
1 4 A c o m p an y as k d t wo
. ng i n rs t nam t h e p r i c at whi c h t h y e e ee o e e e
wo l d agr e t p r p ar e p l ans f
u e a c e rta i n p i ec o f w r k Eac h ng i n e r
o e or e o . e e ,
wi t h o ut k n o w l e d g o f t h o t h e r e st i m at d t h at t h w r k s h o u l d r ea s na bly
e e , e e o o
b e w rt h t h e s m
o f at whi c h p r i ce o
u f t h e m su b m i tt d hi s p r o p
o ne o e
osi t i Th e
on t h e r b f r su b m i tt i ng hi s p r o p sa l acc i d e nta lly h ear d t h at
. o , e o e o ,
t h e sa m e p r i c h d b n na m d by hi s c o m p e t i t o r d b i ng d e s i r us f e
e a ee e , an e o o s
t i n d wh y
o , an ?
1 5 If t h a b ve wo r k wa w rt h
. e at curre nt p r o f ss i o na l c h arg s
o s o e e ,
a n d an ng i n e e r k n wi ng t hi s a d w i t h ut k n wl d g f t h e p r i c na m d by
e o n o o e e o e e
o t h e rs wa s s d e s i r o s t o s e cur e t h
, o w r k t h at h w a s w illi ng t r ed uc hi s
u e o e o e
1 6 An ng i n e r w s a b ut t l t a c ntract f
. e e c rta i n exp ens i ve m ac hi n
a o o e o or e
r
e y . H e wa s v r y f a m ili ar wi t h s i m il ar m ac hi n r y m a d by a nu m be r f
e e e o
wh o s r e p tat i o n w a
e h k n w first cl ass T h e c m p an y anxi ous t o stan d
u s, e e , . o ,
o n an e q ua l f o o t i ng w i t h o t h rs ofi ed t p y a ll t h e n e c es sa r y exp e ns s e , er o a e
of th ng i n e r t o v i s i t s v ra l p l ace wh r e t h i r m ac hi n s w r i n
e e e e e s e e e e e u se ,
i nc l d i ng a tr i p t o t h i r f act o r y wh e r e a s i m il ar m ac hi n e was un d r o
u e , e c n
st ruct i o n If t h eng i n . r d s i r d s ch i n f o rm at i n d c ou l d c o nv n i nt ly
e ee e e u o , an e e
m k e t h tr i p s h u l d h e acc p t r d c li n t h e i nv i t at i n
a e , o d wh y e o e e o ,
an ?
1 7 If t h ng i n e r m a d e t h tr i p a b v o t li n d i t h r at hi s w e x
. e e e e o e u e , e e o n
p e ns o at t h exp ens e f t h e c o m p an y a d d ur i ng t h e tr i p w s i nv i t d by
e r e o ,
n a e
an d t o acc p t v r i o s c st ly nt er ta i n m nt at t h xp ns f t h e co m p an y s ’
e a u o e e e e e e o
r p r s ntat i v s o f t h c m p an y i ts l f s h ou l d h e acc e p t o d ec li n a d
e e e e r o e o e ,
r e, n
Wh y ?
S h o l d an e ng i n ee r acc p t t o an y xt e nt m i n o r f av rs ( c i gars
18 . u e , e , o ,
th atr e t i c k e ts t ) o f a c ntract o r o t h s w h
e , e c li a bl t o b co m
. o r o e o ar e e e e co n ~
tract o rs o h i s w o r k a d i f s t o wh at xt nt
n , n o, e e ?
1 9 A c ntract r na m e d a p r i c e o f
. o f o r p r f r m i ng a p i c
o f wo r k e o e e o
f o a c o m p an y f r whi c h h wa s willi ng t ta k e t h e C m p an y s n t s Th e
’
r , o e o o o e .
n o t s h f o n d c u l d b d i sc unt e d at t h e l a l b an k
e , e u , o as t o n t t h e o
'
oc so e e co n
c ntract at
o p ro v i d e d h w u l d a ll o w t h b an k a t o ta l d i sc nt at t h e e o e ou
wh y ?
un d r t h e a b ove c o n d i t i ns t h cas hi r a d v i s e d t h e c o ntract r t h at
2 0 If
. e o e e o
t h e m anag r w s t r c i v h a l f t h d i sc ount wh i ch t h b an k m a d e wh at
e a o e e e e e ,
e o o , an ?
2 1 An . ng i n r o f r p utat i o n w s as k ed by a b an ki ng h ous e t ta k e
e ee e a o
2 2 I n a s i m il ar cas a c o m p an y w a s o d s i r ous o f an e ng i n ee r s s e rv ’
. e, s e
i c s t h at t h y o ff r e d h i m fi f t y p ce nt m r e t h an hi s cust o m ar y ch arge s
e e e er o .
He w o l d h av b e e n g l a d t acc p t t h a p p i nt m nt at hi s r e gu l ar ch arg s
u e o e e o e e .
i f h e w u l d ass i st t h e m i n t h e d i s p sa l f t h e bo n d s a d h
o agr d t o d s o o , n e ee o o
i f h e c nv e n i e nt ly c o u l d
o He s p k e t s ev e ra l b an k rs wh o d i d o t car e
. o o e , n
t l d h i m o f t h e b o n d s wh i c h t h v ill ag e d s i r d t s ll T h e b n d h ou se
o e e e o e . o
th ev i ll age A f t r war d t h e p r s i d nt o f t h b n d c o m p an y m e t i ng t h e
. e e e e o , e
e ng i n e r t l d h i m th at t h y h a d bo ugh t t h e b n d s at a ve r y s t i sf a
e , o e o a c
t o ry p r ic d as k e d h i m t o ca ll
e , an t t h e i r o ff i c as t h e b n d c o m p an y d e s i r e d a e o
t o g iv t h ee ng i n e e r a c h e c k f r
e e h un d r e d d ll ars S h o u l d t h e e ng i n e r o on o . e
h av e acce p t e d o r j e ct d t h e ch c k rd wh y e e e , an ?
2 4 A agr e d t o b y a f arm o f B f o
. e p a yi ng u cas h a d r , n
m a d e a w r i tt n agr e m e nt t m ee t B e a c rta i n d at n d i t h e r co m p l e t
e o on e e a e e
o t h e r s i m il ar o if A o acc ount o f s i ck n e ss f a il e d t o m ee t at t h e a p
er .
, n ,
p i nt e d t i m
o n d o n acc o unt e, f i gn o ranc e f a il d t o b
a r e p r e s ente d by t o e e a
t o rn e y B w s un d ou b t e d ly d a m ag d n ly $ 3 00 $ 4 00 by f a il ur t s e ll
. a e o or e o .
B y f a il r e t o m e t hi s agr m nt A l ga lly f r f i t e d hi s p a y m nt o f
u e ee e , e o e e
2 5 Ass m . t h at a b o d y f s m e fi v o s i x m en un d e rta k t o f r m a
u e o o e r e o
j o i nt st ck c m p an y i n a li n o f b us i n e ss wi t h whi c h t h y e f am ili ar On
o o e e ar .
s cri p t i o s t o t h e st o c k o f t h e c m p an y a d o rgan iz e t h
n sa m e A b oard o f o n e .
d i r e ct o r s i s e l e ct d c o ns i st i ng p r b a bly o f t h e o r i g i na l o rgan iz e rs
e , f th e o o
o e . e e
o p m n t t h e f utur e o f t h e c o m p an y i s m o r e o
e , l ss unc rta i n d t h e p r o b r e e an
m an g m e nt a e T h e r i gh t t o b y o . s e ll st o c k i s an n d u b t e d l e ga l r i g h t u r u o
Dut y o f Eng i n rs ee to th e Pr o f ss i o n
e . T D we ll e y
. . Eng N e ws
.
, V ol . 61 ,
p . 4 79 .
M ra l Stan d r d s R s p o ns ibili t y o f T e ch n i ca l C o ll eg e s by J h n B e rg
o a . e , o .
Eng N ew s V l 5 5 p 4 05
.
, o .
, . .
2 8, p p . 20, 6 8, 9 4 .
C H AP T ER V
T H E U SE O F E N G L I S H
“
4 3 . The I m p o r t a n c e o f E n g l i s h — T h e su cc e s s f ul e n g i n e e r
p lans a nd r
p p o o sals s o that his r e as o ns a n d m e th o d s w ill b e un d e rst o o d
a n d a pp r e ciat e d .
va nc e m e nt b e y o n d o th e r s o f e qu al t e ch n ical ab i li ty b ut w i th o u t t h e
ability o f c o rr e ct an d p r o p e r e x p r e ssi o n .
p o rts,
instructi o ns c o nt racts
,
a n d s pe ci fi cati o ns f r e qu e ntly
,
i nv o lv e s di s
an d att enti o n .
Th e c o m m an d a n d i nt e lli g e nt us e o f lan g ua g e is o f t e n t h e b e st
m e th o d o f c o nv e y i n g t o o th e rs an a p p r e ciati o n o f t h e kn o w l e d g e
'
o f t h e e n g in e e r a n d h i s a b i l it y t o m e e t a n d s o lv e e n g in e e rin g p r o bl e m s .
f ri e n d s c o ll e a g u e s o r e m p l o y e e s o f t h e e n g in e e r a n d a w i de r kn o w l
, ,
d e scribin g d e si g ns al o n g n e w an d n o v e l w w o rk
'
c i e t ie s , n ew an d ne
f e ssio n i f w e ll p r e p ar e d e v e n th o u g h t h e subj e ct b e a si m p l e o n e
’
, ,
44 E n g i.n e e r in g E n g li s h — E n g in e e ri n g E n g li sh sh o ul d a n d
d o e s d i ff e r f r o m t h e E n g lish o f lit e rat u r e F in e w ritin g a n d p ic .
p e rs o ns f o r w h o m a n d p ur p o s e s f o r w hich it m ay b e p r e p ar e d
,
In ge n .
t h e charact e r o f e ach .
F ir s t : No n t e chnical r e a de rs
-
.
t h e s u bj e ct m att e r tr e at e d .
Fo u r t h : Co ntracts a n d s p e ci fi cati o ns .
45 T h e .H e ar e r o r R e a d e r — T h e k n o w l e d g e a n d ca p ac i ty o f
.
e l e m e nt t o b e c o nsi de r e d in t h e
p r e p arati o n o f articl e s r e po rts o r a d ,
Th e He a t e r or R e a de r 3
w ill a pp e al t o hi s j u d g m e nt a n d c o m m o n s e ns e T h e p rin ci p l e s by .
t h e c o nclusi o n .
4 6
. K n o w l e d g e o f Subj e c t — T h e ab s o lu t e p r e r e qu i si t e f o r
h o w th e n c an i t b e m a d e cl e a r t o o th e rs ? I t i s i m p o s s ib l e t o c o nv e y
‘
a t r u e i d e a w h i ch i s n o t p o s s e s s e d by t h e w rit e r a n d t h e i d e a c o n
,
v e y e d ca n n e v e r b e cl e ar e r th a n t h e w rit e r s u n d e rstan d in g o f t h e
’
m att e r d e s crib e d .
I t i s e vi d e nt tha t t h e e n g in e e r w h o w r o t e t h e s pe c i fi cat i o n s f o r
t h e m e asur e m e nt o f e arth in e m bank m e nts d i scuss e d in Se cti o n 5 1 ,
n e c e ssity o f a n a pp e al t o t h e c o u rt w o u l d h av e b e e n av o i d e d .
e ff o rt a n d r e fl e ct i o n . Th e s e t e ch ni cal w ri t e rs f r e qu e n tly f ai l t o
,
e x e rci s e,
e i th e r f r o m i n d o l e nc e car e l e ssn e s s o r lac k o f t i m e a n y
, ,
o n e o f w h i ch i s a r e a s o n f o r o b s cu r e lan g u a g e b u t n o o n e o f w h i ch
,
c o m p o si t i o n a n d e v e n a br o a d e x p e ri e n c e i n t h e w ri ti n g o f t e ch
,
Kn o w l e dg e o f S u b je c t 75
t er.
,
p ri nc i p l e s o f rh e t o ri c a n d c o m p o s i ti o n a r e d e s irab l e a n d e v e n e s s e n
tial f o r t h e b e st p r o d ucti o ns th ey a r e all s e c o n d ary t o t h e i de a o r
,
i d e a s w h ic h i t i s d e si r e d t o c o nv e y F ai lu r e t o p o ss e ss o r t o e x e r
.
e x e rci s e o f su ch kn o w l e d g e i s d e si rab l e as a m e an s t o a n en d ,
attai n th at e n d .
o rally at l e a st i n a cl e ar a n d u sually i n t e r e s ti n g m an n e r E v e n
,
.
th o u g h th e i r g ra m m ar b e d e f e c ti v e th e i r s e nt e n c e s i m p e r f e ct a n d
, ,
a p p ar e n t a n d th e i r e ff o rt s a re a pp r e c iat e d T h e c o m b inati o n o f .
b o th kn o w l e d g e a n d l i t e ra ry ab i li ty i s n e c e s sary f o r t h e p r e s e nta
t i o n o f t e ch ni ca l m att e r i n cl e ar c o n c i s e a n d c o rr e ct lan g u a g e
, ,
can f o ll o w t h e ar g u m e nt an d c o m p r e h e n d t h e i de as B u t n o lit e r .
kn o w l e d g e o f t h e subj e c t o r c o nvi nc e t h e i nt e ll i g e n t h e ar e r th at
th e r e i s m o r e th a n e m p ty s o un d i n su ch a n a d d r e ss .
I n w ri tt e n p a p e r s a d e qu at e p r e s e ntat i o n w i th o u t s o m e kn o w l
, ,
edge o f t h e
p ri n c i p l e s o f l i t e rary c o m p o s iti o n b e c o m e s m o r e d iffi ,
sibl e .
W hat e v e r t h e su bj e c t m a y b e a n d w hat e v e r t h e o bj e ct o f t h e
p a p e r w h ich i s t o b e p r e p ar e d i t can b e su c c e s s f u l o nly w h e n bas e d
,
o n a s o u n d cl e ar e xact a n d d e t ai l e d k n o w l e d g e o f t h e subj e c t c o n
, ,
s id e r e d .W ith s u ch a k n o w l e dg e t h e p r e p ar ati o n o f s e n t e nc e s , _
,
.
,
st o o d by t h e w ri t e r a n d w ith t h e ca p ac i ty o f t h e r e a d e r k e p t f ully
,
-
P ri m a ri ly th e r e fo r e f o r t e ch n i cal w ri tin g o f e v e ry d e sc ri p ti o n
, ,
i e s t lai n e st cl e ar e s t lan g ua g e o f w h i ch t h e w ri t e r i s c a p ab l e
p , p , ,
k e e p in g cl e arly i n m in d t h e ca p acity o f t h e r e a de rs f o r w h o m t h e
m att e r i s i n t e n d e d .
K n o w l e d g e o f t h e su bj e c t i s f u n d a m e ntal t o su c c e s s a n d i n d is ,
rh e t o ri c c o m p o s iti o n a n d t h e m e an i n g o f w o r d s b o th c o m m o n a n d
, ,
t e ch n i cal .
47 L
. o g ica l A rra n g e m e n t — W h i l e a cl e a r s tat e m e n t o f f ac ts
’
o r r e qu i r e m e n t s i s e s s e nt ial t o c o nv e y t h e i d e as a n d m e an in g d e
s i r e d w h e n t h e m att e r d i s cu s s e d r e qu i r e s c o n s i de rab l e s p ac e f o r
,
c o m e s h ar d ly l e s s i m p o rtant .
Al l t e ch ni cal w ri ti n g s a r e i nt e n d e d t o c o nv e y t o t h e r e a d e r
a k n o w l e d g e o f w h at t h e w ri t e r kn o w s o r d e si r e s i n su c h a m a nn e r ,
t h e p u r p o s e i n vi e w T h e s ubj e c t sh o ul d b e c o n s i d e r e d w i th thi s
.
e n d i n vi e w I t sh o u l d b e o u tl in e d in g e n e ral a n d th e n d i s cu s s e d
.
i n d e ta il a n d t h e d i s cu s s i o n sh o u l d p r o c e e d l o g ically f ro m t h e
,
h a s b e e n p r e p a r e d t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e w ri t t e n m att e r can th e n
,
~
p ro c e ed .
T h e s u bj e ct sh o ul d fi r s t b e d i s cu s s e d i n a g e n e ral w a y s o a s
t o g iv e a t o n c e a c o nc r e t e c o n c e p ti o n o f t h e m at t e r t o b e tr e at e d .
i m pr e ss o n t h e r e a d e r a r e m att e rs w h i ch d e p e n d o n t h e p ur p o s e fo r
,
w h i ch t h e p a p e r i s p r e p ar e d an d t h e r e a d e r s t o w h o m i t w i ll b e
p r e s e nt e d . I n g e n e ral t h e p u r p o s e a n d t h e r e a d e r m u s t b e k e p t
,
t h e m ain o bj e c t o f t h e p a p e r o r d i strac t t h e a t t e n ti o n o f t h e r e a d e r
f r o m th a t o bj e c t m u s t b e av o i d e d
,
.
T h e o utli n e sh o u l d b e r e g ar d e d o nly a s a m e an s t o a n e n d a n d ,
t io n s w h i ch i t m a y at fi rs t s e e m d e si rab l e t o u tili z e m a y b e f o u n d
, , ,
d u ri n g t h e p r e p arati o n o f t h e p a p e r n o t t o y i e l d t o s ati s f a ct o ry
,
att e m p t s a t t h e p r e p arati o n o f su ch p a p e r s i t m a y r e a s o n ab ly b e
e x p e c t e d th a t t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e subj e c t w i ll f r e qu e n tly m ak e
n i z e t h e O pp o rtu ni ty f o r m at e ri al b e tt e r m e nt s .
t h e p lan o f c o nstru ct i o n o f t h e p a p e r s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y S u ch a n
.
a n d i n vari o u s b o o k s o n E n g li sh c o m o si ti o n t o w h i ch r e f e r e nc e s
p
a r e g iv e n at t h e e n d o f th i s cha p t e r
—
.
d e v o ti o n o f th e i r a tt e n ti o n t o t h e c o rr e c t p ri nci p l e s a n d m e th o d s
o f li t e rary e x p r e s s i o n i s su p e rflu o u s a n d n o n e ss e nt ial -
a n d rath e r
,
t o b e n e g l e c t e d th an cu lt ivat e d . T h e e d u ca ti o n o f t e ch n i cal m en
i s large ly sci e nti fi c an d p r e cisi o n a n d e ffi ci e ncy a r e a m o n g t h e m o st
,
a n d s p e ci fi c ati o ns .
T h e sa m e p ri n ci p l e s a p p ly i n t h e u se o f la n g ua g e T h e m e n tal .
p o w e r o f t h e r e a d e r i s t o b e u tili z e d f o r t h e t ran s m is si o n o f i d e a s
b y t h e m e ch an i s m o f w o r d s T h e a m o u n t o f m e ntal e n e r g y ava i l
‘
a bl e f o r t h e p u r p o s e i s l i m i t e d W ith th i s e n e r g y t h e r e a d e r m u s t
.
r e c o g ni z e a n d int e r p r e t t h e w o r d s u s e d a rran g e a n d c o m bi n e t h e ,
i m a g e s su gg e st e d a n d fi n ally m u st r e ali z e t h e th o u g h t s c o nv e y e d
,
.
e n e r g y i s u s e d u p i n r e c o g n i i n g t h e w o r d s a n d i nt e r r e ti n
z
p g th e m ,
i t i s d e si r e d t o c o nv e y Al l l o s s e s i n t h e m e ntal e n er gy o f t h e
'
1
.
r e a d e r m u s t th e r e f o r e b e r e d uc e d t o a m i n i m u m t o s e cu r e t h e b e s t
r e su l ts .
t h e w ritt e n .
T h e s p o k e n w o r d i s r e c e iv e d d i r e ct w i th t h e a d van ta g e o f p e r ,
s o n a l ex p r e s s i o n a n d o f t e n w i th a c o m m u n i ty o f kn o w l e d g e b e
‘
t w e e n t h e s p e ak e r a n d t h e p e rs o n s a dd r e s s e d T h e lit e ra ry f o r m .
1 S pe nce r ,
“
Th e P hil o s o p hy of St yl e .
80 Th e U s e o f E n g l i sh
p o rtan c e i n t h e f o r m al p r e s e n ta ti o n o f t e ch n ical m a tt e rs i s o f l e s s ,
a n d t h e m e a n n g m ust b e d ra w n s o l e ly f r o m t h e lan g ua g e u s e d
.
,
a n d e v e ry th i n g that ca n b e d o n e t o m ak e t h e s u bj e c t m att e r cl e a r ,
ch o i c e o f w o r d s t h e ac curat e u se o f t e ch n ical t e r m s c o rr e c t g ra m
, ,
m a tt e r . T e ch n i ca l m att e rs m ay o f t e n b e d r y a n d t o o th e r th a n ,
th o u g h t i n t h e m i n d o f t h e r e a d e r T h e ca r e f u l s e l e ct i o n o f ex
.
t e r e s t t h e r e a d e r i n subj e c t s o f w h i ch h e w o ul d o th e r w i s e w e ary .
a tt e n ti o n t o t h e m a nn e r o f e x p r e s si o n rat h e r th an t o t h e m at t e r
e x p r e ss e d an d
,
h e nc e a re o bj e cti o nabl e T h e lan g ua g e sh o ul d b e .
bri e f a n d e xa c t a n d t h e w o r d s sh o u l d b e s i m p l e bu t ca r e f ul ly
ch o s e n T h e p o i n t o f vi e w a n d t h e e xt e n t o f k n o w l e d g e o f t h e
.
r e a d e r m u st d e t e r m i n e t h e d e g r e e o f s i m p li ci t y w i th w h i ch t h e s u b ‘
j e c i m u s t b e t r e at e d U n e s s e n ti al a n d m e ani n g l e s s g e n e ral i ti e s
.
si o n o f t h e r e a d e r s a tt e n t io n f r o m t h e m a i n s ubj e c t o n w h i ch h i s
’
th o u g ht s sh o u l d b e c o nc e nt rat e d
—
.
5 0. T h e C h o ic e o f W o r d s Ac cu racy o f e x p r e s si o n d e m an d s
a c ar e f ul ch o ic e o f w o r d s W o r d s a r e n e v e r e xa ctly sy n o ny m o u s
.
‘ '
in th e i r m e ani n g E v e n w h e n w o r d s a r e d e riv e d f r o m fo r e i g n
.
w o r d s o f e xactly sy n ony m o u s m e a ni n g th e y a r e a d a p t e d i n t h e ,
Ch o ic e o f W o r ds 8]
E n g lish t o x p r e s s i de a s m o r e o r l e ss d i ff e r e n t I n t h e g r o w th a n d
e .
d e v e l o p m e n t o f lan g u a g e w o r d s o f t e n ac qu ir e o th e r s p e ci al m e a n
i n g s p e rh a p s qu it e f o r e i g n t o th at c o nv e y e d by t h e o ri g i n al s ig n i fi
ca t i o n Th e s e ch an g e s g r o w f r o m t h e o ri g i n a l m e an i n g s bas e d o n
.
p h y s i cal lik e n e s s ,
a s s o cia ti o n s i m i lari ty o f r e lat i o n u s e o f a p art f o r
, ,
m e ta p h o rs .
Tak e f o r e xa m p l e t h e chan g e s a n d e xt e n si o n in m e an i n g o f
t h e c o m m o n wo r d h ea d
2
I T h e o ri g i nal p hy s i cal m e a n i n g : H e a d
. .
3 F r o m ass o ciati o n : T h e h e a d o f a b e d
. .
5 T
. h e p art f o r t h e wh o l e : A hun d r e d h ea d o f h o rs e s .
7 Me ta ph o ri c al : O v e r h e ad in de bt
. T o m ak e he a d a g ain st
.
o b stacl e s .
als o a c qu i r e a m e an i n g d i st in c tly f o r e i g n t o th e i r o r d i na ry si g
n ifi cat i o n . Fo r e xa m pl e t h e t e r m e xper t m e an s o n e wh o i s e s
,
O n acc o u n t o f t h e ab u s e o f t h e t e r m a n d t h e w r o n g f u l ac t s o f so m e
,
t e r m o f sc o rn o r r e p r o ach .
su ch m e an i ng s a r e u nau th o ri z e d b y g o o d u sa g e a n d s u ch u se ,
sh o u l d b e d i sc o u ra g e d a n d d i sc o u n t e n anc e d a s i t o b scu r e s t h e la n
g u a g e a n d m ak e s ne c e s sa ry a n ac cu rat e d e fi n i ti o n o f t h e s p e cia l
m e a ni n g i n w hi ch i t i s t o b e u n d e rs t o o d i n i m p o rta nt p a p e rs .
Tak e fo r e xa m p l e t h e f o ll o w i n g th ir t e e n u s e s o f t h e w o r d .
.
P 0pu la r : I A st o n e o f any siz e e v e n a p e bbl e
.
, .
2 Se e An d ers o n s Stu d y
’
of Eng li sh Wo r d s .
2 Th e U se o f E n g l i sh
2 . A mass i n d u rat e d st o n e f o r m i n g a p r o m o nt o ry o r c li ff
of , .
2 A s o u rc e o f p e ri l
. .
nes s .
3
2 . A ki nd so ap of .
3 A k i n d o f ha r d c h e e s e
. .
4 O r e ( u s e d a m o n g t h e M i ch i g a n c o p p e r m i n e s )
. .
S la n g : I Mo n e y o r w e alth
. .
2 . R o u g h u n c o uth ( f e e li n g s o r a pp e aran c e )
, .
Ass o ci a t i o n : R o ck fi sh — r o ck do v e .
Th ey sh o u l d th e r e f o r e b e us e d in p r e f e r e nc e t o t h e m o r e in d e fi nit e
t e r m w at e rsh e d
“ “
D raina ge ar e a b e in g t h e m o r e c o m m o n t e r m is
.
”
,
T h e ab o v e e xa m p l e s w i ll i n d i cat e s o m e th i n g o f t h e d i ffi cu lt i e s
w h i ch w ill b e e n c o u nt e r e d i n c o nv e yi n g i d e as w i th o u t a c ar e f ul
3
s tu d y a n d d i s cri m i nat i o n i n t h e u s e o f w o r d s No a t t e m p t t o c o n .
s i d e r th i s subj e c t i n p arti cu la r i s p o s s ib l e i n t h e li m it s o f th i s
,
ch a p t e r bu t a w arn in g o f t h e d i ffi cu lt i e s t o b e e n c o u nt e r e d i n t h e
,
s e l e cti o n a n d u se o f w o r d s t e r m s a n d clau s e s sh o u l d b e su ffi c i e n t
,
t o e nc o u ra g e t h e s tu d y i n t h e li n e s su g g e st e d by m e an s o f t h e
r e f e r e n c e s g i v e n at t h e e n d o f th i s ch a p t e r .
As w o r d s a r e u s e d t o c o r1 v e y i d e a s th o s e w o r d s sh o ul d b e _ ,
c h o s e n w h ich b o th a ccu ra t e ly e x p r e ss t h e i d e a t o b e c o nv e y e d a n d
a r e m o st f a m iliar t o th o s e t o w h o m t h e w o r d s a r e a d d r e ss e d .
o ri g i n . Th e y a r e u n d e rs t o o d m o r e qu i ck ly a n d m o v e t h e h e a r e r
m o r e fo rc ib ly tha n s i m i la r w o r d s o f L ati n o ri g in L at i n w o r d s .
,
3 Se ea l s s ec s o . 205 , 206 .
4 A m i s l a d i ng e an d un warrant ed u se o f t h e wo d r .
Pr e c i se U s e o f W o r ds 3
g r e at e r e xac tn e s s a n d t h e su gg e sti o n s a s s o ci at e d w i th su ch s e i e n
,
t ifi c t e r m s T h e s e l e c ti o n o f w o r d s o f Sax o n o r L a ti n o ri g i n f o r u s e
.
~
i n t e ch ni c al p a p e rs w o u l d th e r e fo r e d e p e n d o n t h e subj e ct d i s cu s s ed ,
m att e rs a r e p r e s e nt e d t o t e ch ni cal r e a d e rs t h e u s e o f L at i n t e r m s ,
i s n o t o n ly a d m i s sibl e bu t ab s o lu t e ly e s s e n ti a l t o cl e a r e x p o s i t i o n -
.
Si m p l ici ty i n u n d e rs ta n d in g i s n o t al w ay s a s s u r e d by si m p li c ity
i n lan g ua g e T h e m o r e e xact t e r m s a r e al w ay s p r e f e rab l e i f t h e
.
5 1 T h e P
. r e c i s e U se o f W o r d s — T h e h abi t o f t h e car e l e s s u s e
o f w o r d s is un f o rtunat e ly acqui r e d by al m o st e v e ry p e rs o n w ith hi s
t h e s p e ak e r int e n d s t o c o nv e y Wh e n h o we v e r t h e subj e ct is u n f a m il
.
, ,
5 Se e Wa i t Eng i n e r i ng
, e an d Archi t e ctura l J r i s p ru d ence
u , se c . 601 .
4 Th e U se o f E n gli sh
Th e s p e ci fi cati o ns a pp ar e ntly r e a d a pp r o xi m at e ly as f o ll o w s 7
“
Eart h w ill b e m easur e d i n xcavat i n ; b t wh e n e ar t h i s ta k e n f r om e o u
b e m ade
”
.
. 9 cu .
yds .
Fr om cut s cu .
y ds .
i tc h e s
Fr om d yd on . s .
b ei n g as f o ll o w s :
1 1 0p e c nt x r e u yds c . .
Fr o m cuts c yds u .
,
Fr om d i tch e s u yds c . .
T h e ng i n r s co m p utat i o n’
e ee
T ta l y ar d ag e
o cu y d s . .
Fr o m c ts u yd cu . s,
Fr o m d i tch s e cu .
yds .
6 Wa i t Eng i n r i ng
Se e , ee an d Archi t ectura l Jur i s p ru d e nce , se c . 601 .
7 Eng N e ws S p V o l 5 1
. u .
, . , p . 1 29 .
86 Th e U se o f E n gli sh
I n d i ana p e r m i ts p ur e f o o d o n ly at f a i rs , .
”
I n d i ana p r m i ts p ur e f d o n ly at f a i rs
e oo , .
”
I n d i ana p e r m i ts o n ly p ur e f o d at f a i rs
“
o .
W o m an w i t h out h e m a wo u l d b e a savag
, r, n e .
W m an wi t h o ut h e m wou l d b e a savage
o r an , .
”
Man w i t h o ut wo m an wo u l d b e savag a e .
53 T h e V o c abu. l a r y
— It i s i m p o rta nt that t h e e n g in e e r
n a c u l a r o f t h e bu si n e s s i n w h i ch h e i s e m p l o y e d o r w i th w h i ch
h e m a y b e a s s o ci at e d O th e r w i s e h e w il l n o t b e ab l e t o u n d e r
.
d e ta il s S u ch i n f o r m at i o n i s al s o n e c e s sa ry i n t h e p r e p arati o n Of
.
C W a it a p r o m i n e nt e n g i n e e r i n g att o rn e y o f Ne w Y o rk C i ty i n
.
, ,
d i t i o n s o n w h ich t h e c o ntrac t o r o n t h e w o rk d e si r e d a d vi c e .
I n t h e fi r st ca s e a bri d g e c o ntract o r st at e d th a t ,
t w d o gs a f t r p a ss i ng t h r o ug h an o p e n i ng i n t h e ta il p i e c e
o , e T o n y an . .
,
I tal i an h a d j st b en s ent o t a d h d g i ve n t wo o f t h e d g s a f re s h bi te
, u e u n a o
on t h e l ng st g y w h e n t h y l t l o s
o e u o e o f t h e gu y s s li p p e d
, e a d th e
e o e, n , n
Th e V o c a b u la ry
t rave l e r t i p p d o v e r a d t h r w t h e co unt e r we i g h ts i nt o t h e a i r a d t h e y
e n e -
n
we nt d o wn o t h e str ee t b e l o w a d kill ed a m an
n n .
T h e c o ntract o r w a nt e d t o k n o w i f h e w a s l i a b l e .
I n t h e s e c o n d cas e a m as o n c o n tract o r s ta t e d , ,
“
H e h a d b e n e m p l y d t o r e m o d e l a m as o nr y d a m an d a Fl e m i sh b o n d
e o e
was fir st r e q u i r d o f h i m b t t h e e ng i n ee r want ed a b e tt e r bo n d an d i ns i st ed
e , u
b e b nd d by an o v e r l a p o f t h e b e d by n o t l e ss t h an fi f t ee n i nc h s a d t h at
o e e , n
e v e r y a l t e rn at e c urs o f t h e d a m s h o u l d b e t i ed w i t h a h e a d r H e a l so
“
o e e .
r e qu i r e d t h e l e ngt h o f e ac h s tr e tch e r t o b e t h r e e t i m es t h e r i s e a d t h e , n
d p th o f t h
e h a d e r i n t h e b acki ng eq ua l t o t h r ee t i m s t h e r i s e ; t h a t t h e
e e e
r o ck f ace f t h e r m o d l d d a m s h o u l d b e d ra f t li n e d t h e m o l d e d f ace sh ou l d
o e e e -
,
b e 6 c t t h e b as p an h a m m e r d
-
u ,
d t h e w at e r ta bl e t h
e e r n o f t h e q uarr y ;
e an -
e u
b e b att r d a n d b r o k n as hl ar ; t h at t h e o v e r fl o w s h u l d b e i n 1 2 i nc h r i se r s
e e e o -
a n d tr a d s e a d t h e st e p s r o ug h c t
, n a ll i nt r i o r s p aces t o b e t h o r o ug hly -
u ,
e
gr o ut d wi t h n e at ce m ent
e .
”
T h e c o n trac t o r d e s ir e d t o k n o w if h e h a d any r e d r e s s .
I t i s d o ubt f u l w h e th e r m a ny y o u n g e n g in e e rin g g ra d u at e s w o u l d
u n d e rs ta n d t h e c o n d i ti o n s o u tl in e d m u ch b e tt e r tha n d i d t h e y o u n g
la w ye r i n Mr W a i t s O ffi c e y e t t h e c o n d i ti o n s a r e qu i t e cl e arly
.
’
d e fi n e d i f t h e t e r m s u s e d a r e u n d e rst o o d .
T h e b e st m e th o d o f ac qu i ri n g a t e ch n ical v o ca b u l ary i s t h e
d i r e c t stu d y o f t h e w o r d s a n d t e r m s u s e d i n a ny s p e c ial v o cati o n
o r bu s i n e ss w h e n su ch i n f o r m at i o n i s a cc e s s ibl e T h e r ea di n g o f .
i s b e i n g d o n e b y vari o u s t e ch n ical s o c i e ti e s i n t h e d e fi n i ti o n o f t e ch
n ica l t e r m s a n d t h e e s tab li s h m e nt o f u n i f o r m ract i c e d thi s
p a n
w o rk sh o u l d b e cl o s el y f o ll o w e d .
L IT ERA T URE
Th e Th eo r y an d Pract i ce o f T e ch n i ca l Wri t i ng S C Ear l e T h e Macm i l . . . .
l an CO .
Co .
A G u i d e t o T ec h n i ca l Wr i t i ng T A R i ck ar d M i n i ng . . . . an d Sc i e nt i fic Pr e s s
N o t e T aki ng S S S e war d Jr A lly n B aco n
-
. . .
, . .
S h e r wi n C o d y .
88 Th e U se o f En gl i sh
E ff ct i v B us i n e ss L e tt rs A H G r d n e r T h R o na l d Pr e ss C
e e e . . . a . e o .
H an d b o o k o f C o m p o s i t i o n E C M o ll e t D C H at h C O . . . . . . e .
T h e C r r ct W o r do J T B a k r C rr ec t Eng li s h P b C o
e . . . e . o u . .
T h e Ess nt i a l s o f C o m po s i t i o n a n d R h t o r i c
e A H Es p ns h a d e D C e . . . e . . .
H at h C o e .
Co .
Eng li s h Pr s e C o m p o s i t i o n E d war d Fu l t o n H nr y H o l t C
o . . e o .
W o r d s a d Th i r Us s R G W hi t e H o ugh t on Mi ffli C
n e e . . . . , n O .
S o u l e s D i ct i o nar y o f E g li s h S yn o ny m s G H H w i s o n L i tt l e B r o wn
’
n . . . o .
Co .
E ng li s h S y no n y m s Ant o n y ms , an d Pr e po s i t i ns o . J C . . F e r ra l d . Fun k
W a g n al l s Co .
C ra bb s En g li s h S y n n ym s G e o rg Cra bb Har p r B ro t h rs
’
o . e . e e .
K e l m sco tt S o c i e t y .
Putnam s W o r d B o o k L A Fl e m i ng G P Pu tnam s S o ns
’
. . . . . .
’
.
T h e Th e r y d Pract i c e o f T c h n i ca l Wr i t i ng
o an S C Ear l e T h e Mac e . . . .
m ill an C o .
Co .
C ns e rvat i o n o f Eng li s h S p e ec h J F F
o ld F nk W g gn . . . er ra . u a al l s Co .
Han d b o k o f C m p s i t i n E C M o ll e t D C H eat h C
o o o o . . . . . . o .
Th Co rr ect W o r d J T B a k e r C rr ct Eng li s h P u b C o
e . . . . o e . .
Th Ess e nt i a l s f C o m p o s i t i o n a d Rh e t o r i c A H Es p nsh a d e
e o n . . . e . D . C .
H eat h Co .
A St d y o f Eng li s h W r d s J M An d rs n Am B o o k C
u o . . . e o . . O .
Eng li s h C o m p o s i t i o n Ba rr tt W en d e ll Ch as Scr ib ne r s S ns . e . .
’
o .
Ess nt i a l s o f Exp s i t i o n
e d Arg m nt W F F o st e r H oug h t o n
o an u e . . . , ,
Mi fll i n CO .
W o r d s d Th e i r Us e s R G Wh i te H ug h t o n Mi fli i C o
an . . . . o ,
n .
Ev r y Da y Eng li s h R G Wh i t H oug h t o n Mi fll i C O
e -
. . . e .
,
’
n .
S l e s D i ct i o nar y o f En g li s h S yn o n y m s G H H o wi s n Li tt l e B ro wn
ou
’
. . . o .
Co .
L E TT E R S A ND R E P O R T S
54 . I m po rta nc e o f P r o p e rly W ri tt e n L e tt e r s — U su al ly t h e
ti o n a n d pr e vi o us e x p e ri e nc e p r e s e nt e d i n p r o p e r f o r m is an i m p o r
, ,
5 5 B u s i n e s s L e tt e r s
. . In t h e w rit i n g o f b u si n e s s l e tt e r s
-
,
a r e n e c e ssary th ey sh o ul d p r e c e d e t h e na m e O f t h e c ity b u t t h e d at e
, ,
sh o ul d c o m e a f t e r wa r d an d n o t b e f o r e It i s d e si rabl e t o u se t h e na m e
.
,
n o t t h e nu m b e r o f t h e m o nth ; t h e nu m b e r o f t h e d a y o f t h e m o nth a n d ,
t h e c o m p l e t e nu m b e r f o r t h e y e ar Th e d ay o f t h e m o nth a n d h o us e
.
hun d r e d a r e usually s p e ll e d o u t .
Le t t e r s 9l
in f o r m al l e tt e rs a n d t h e titl e Mn Me ssr s e t c sh o ul d al wa y s b e
“
,
” “
,
”
.
,
u s e d as a m att e r o f c o u rt e sy .
Sa l u t a ti o n — U se t h e f o r m D e ar Si r n o t My D e ar Mr , .
m e nt O ffi cials u se t h e still m o r e f o r m al Si r
“ ”
.
,
sh o ul d b e plac e d at t h e ri g ht a n d j ust ab o v e t h e b o dy O f t h e l et t e r a s ,
.
f o ll o w s : Ap p licati o n f o r Em p l o y m e nt Fo r e xa m p l e s o f t h e p r o p e r
“ ”
.
f o r m O f busin e ss l e tt e rs se e Se cti o n 5 9 .
5 6. S u gg e s t i o n s C o nc e rn in g L e tt e r s o f App l icat i o n f o r E m
l o m n t — G r e at car e sh o ul d b e u s e d i n w ri ti n g l e t t e rs o f a pp lica
p y e
in g is so p o o r as t o m ak e such a f o r m o f a pp licati o n h o p e l e ss .
T h e p a p e r us e d sh o ul d b e O f c o m m e rcial n o t e siz e a n d O f g o o d ,
n i ca l w o rk ,
is unsuitable T h e w ritin g sh o ul d n o t b e cr o w de d an d
.
sh o ul d b e p r o pe rly c e nt e r e d o n t h e sh e e t .
T h e y o u n g e n g i n e e r e s p e cially Wh e n j u st g ra d uat e d sh o u l d
, ,
n o t b e t o o a m bi ti o n s in h i s a pp l i cati o n f o r w o rk a n d sh o u l d n o t
li m it t oo cl o s e l y t h e ch aract e r O f w o rk f o r w h i ch h e a pp li e s U n .
l e s s h e h a s h a d c o n si d er abl e e x p e ri e nc e h e sh o u l d n o t a pp ly f o r a ,
92 Le t t e rs an d Re p o rt s
“
p o s iti o n as a c ivi l e l e c t ri cal e n g i h e e r et c bu t f o r a , .
,
t h e w o rk w h ich m o s t i nt e r e st s h i m bu t sh o u l d e x p r e s s h i s w i lli n g
,
W h e n t h e y o u n g e n g i n e e r h a s d o n e p r e v i o u s w o rk h i s f o r m e r ,
b e l e f t t o a la t e r c o m m u n cat i o n - H e sh o u l d n o t g iv e t h e i d e a th at
.
t h e qu e sti o n o f sala ry i s fi r s t i n h i s m in d .
57 I
. m p o r t a nt S u gg e sti o n s — E c o n o m y a n d e ffi c i e n cy i n t h e
u se O f lan g ua g e a r e e ss e ntial in l e tt e r w ritin g as in o th e r e n g in e e rin g
w ritin g . A f t e r w ritin g a s e nt e nc e
( 1 ) Se e h o w m any w o r d s ca n b e o m i tt e d o r ch an g e d l e avi n g ,
t h e m e an i n g c l e ar e r a n d s tr o n g e r .
( 2 ) Se e h o w t h e sa m e i d e a ca n b e e x p r e s s e d i n b e tt e r a n d
cl e a r e r t e r m s .
D O n o t w rit e
“
I w i sh h e r e w i th t o e n t e r m y a p p l icati o n f o r
I h e r e by w i sh t o m ak e a p p li cati o n f o r ”
Al l o w m e r e s p e c t f u lly t o O ff e r m ys e l f as a n a p p l ica nt f o r
, ,
I w i s h t o tak e th i s m e a n s O f a p p ly i n g t o y o u f o r
I n st e a d o f t h e ab o v e w ri t e
I r e s p e c t f ully a pp ly f o r ”
ably : My kn o w l e d g e a n d e x p e ri e n c e a r e li m i t e d t o m y w o rk at t h e
u ni v e rs ity .
”
R c fcre h c es — Av o i d . Fo r r e f e r e nc e s I su gg e st t h e f o ll o w in g o r
,
P l e as e r e f e r t o t h e fo ll o w in g : U se inst e a d I r e s p e ct f ully r e f e r yo u “
to .
.
94
I
Le t t e rs an d Re po rt s
W r i tt n i n w e ll b a l anc e d s e nt nc s w ill n e ar ly a l wa y s m a k e a f av ra bl e i m
e -
e e , o
p r ss i n
e od m c h can b acc o m p li s h e d by l o g i ca l p aragra p hi ng
, an u e .
A v r y s h rt l e tt r i s t li k e ly t acco m p li s h m uc h f t h wr i t r un l ss
“
e o e no o or e e e
he i a l r e a d y p e rs na lly k n o wn S i ng l s nt e nc e l tt rs o b r i f i n qu i r i s
s o . e -
e e e r e e
as ki ng d ta il d i n f o r m at i n c o nc rn i ng t h vacanc y d t lli ng n o t hi ng o f
e e o e e an e
w r i t r s qua li ficat i o ns at nc e g i v t h e i m p r ss i n t h at h w o u l d b m o r e
’
th e e o e e o e e
i nt r st d i n p rs na l a d vantag s t h an i n s e rv i ng hi s m p l o y r d t h at h e
e e e e o e e e an
i s o t v r anxi o s t s cur e t h e p o s i t i n
n o e -
u o e o .
Man y ca p a bl d d s rv i ng m
“
d t r e a liz e t h b ear i ng t h at
e an e e en , o no e
th e w r i t i ng f an a p p li c a t i n m y h av u p n t h i r p r o s p cts
o M f ind ii o a e o e e . en o
er en e ue e u e os ns s ou a e
t at i o o f t h i r su p p s d fitn ss
n e d it i s ft n th cas e s p c i a lly w i t h
o e e , an O e e , e e
y ng r m
ou et h at t h when m ak s t h
, n at st d b st p r e s ntat i o n o f
e on e o e e e e an e e
hi s q a li ficat i ns s ecur e s t h e p s i t i n r t h r t h an t h e
u o wh h as gr at e r o o a e on e o e
I n r ep lyi ng t an a d v rt i s m nt o t a l e t t
“
y r q u sts f o c e r ta i n
o e e e r o er , an
‘
e e r
t h e d ra f ts m e n w h e n as k d f o a s m ll sa m p l e o f t h e i r l tt e ri ng s e m t o
, e r a e , e
o f s b m i tt i ng a s m a ll r s h
u t t h at w l d s ily c nta i n a f a i r sa m p l f t h i r
e ee ou ea o e o e
wo r k .
”
Mr B c k s s gg e st i ns “
li k ly t b f o un d us f u l o t n ly
. o
’
u o , are e o e e , n o
i n hi s Op n i ng paragr p h b t b y m an y ng i n e rs o f exp r i nc
e a d hi g h , u -
e e e e e an
stan d i ng .
I t cc rs t i n t hi s c nn ct i n t d d t t h s gi v n by Mr B o c k
o u o u s, o e o , o a o o e e . ,
an o t h r s ef l hi nt t h at w h p p n t k n w h as b n f o un d h l p f u l by m an y
e u u e a e o o ee e
e ng i n e rs i n xp r i nc d i n g i ng a b ut t h tas k f s ki ng a p s i t i n O
e e e e e o o e O ee o o . ur
sugg st i n i s t h at t h e ng i n r w h i s s k i ng a p s i t i n s h ou l d p r ep ar e a
e o e ee o ee o o
l tt r s tt i ng f o rt h i n f a i r ly c o m p l t f r m j st wh at hi s p r f ss i na l x
e e e e e o u o e o e
t i n a d p e rs na l ch aract r i st i cs s c h as a p r s p ct i v m p l y r w l d d
o n o e ,
u o e e e o e ou e
s i r e t h av A li st f r f er e nc e s stat i ng i n c nn ct i o n w i t h ac h r e f r enc
o e . o e , o e e e e
tr eats o f s h u l d a l s acc m p an y t h e l tt e r
, o o o e .
l e tt r s iz e a d a c p y can t h n b i nc l s d w i t h an y l e tt r f ap p li cat i o n o
e , n o e e o e e o r
r e p ly t an a d ve rt i s m nt I n t hi s w y t h l tt r f a p p li cat i n i ts l f a b e
o e e . a e e e o o e c n
m a d b r i f a d b us i n e ss li k
e e d can m p h as iz e
n y s p c i a l fitn e ss w hi c h t h e e, an e an e
wr i t r m a y t hi n k h p ss ss s f
e fi lli ng t h p art i cu l ar p o s i t i o n t o w hi c h t h e
e o e e or e
Le t t e r s o f Ap p lic a t io n 95
le tt e r r l at e s At t h sa m e t i m e t h e m p l y r i s g i ve n a ll t h e f acts co
e . e e o e n
c e rn i ng t h e a p p li cant t h at h e i s lik e ly t o n ed i n a f r m w h e r e t h y a e e , o e r
See Eng N e w s V o l 7 6 p 2 7 5 . . , . .
E xa m l s o f L e tt e r s o f App l i cat i o n f o r P o s i ti o n s — As
59 p e.
E xa m pl e A
S ut h Str ee t 1 31 2 o ,
N w Y o r k F b ruary 8 e , e , 1 91 4 .
Mr X Y Z
. . . .
, Co nsu l t i ng Eng i n ee r ,
2 1 3 St t e St a .
,
B ff a l N Y u o, . .
D ear S i r :
I m wr i t i ng t r qu e st t h e f av o r o f an i nt e rv i w w i t h y o at y ur co
a o e e u o n
ve i en e w i t h t h e v i e w o f
n c ecur i ng a p s i t i o n i n h y d rau li c w r k s o o .
p ar t m e t of t h n Un i v rs i t y o f e e
s l t i g Eng i n e r
u n I m a d e t h e p r e li m i nar y surve y s g a g i g e t a d
e , , n s, c .
, n
tr i c p l ant at i n a d d i t i o n t t h e r m i sc ll an s t ec h n i ca l wo r k o o e eo u .
t r e t rn t m r e str i ct ly e ng i n
o u o r i ng w r k d m p art i cu l ar ly i nt e r e st d i n
o ee o , an a e
hy d ra li c w r k
u o .
I r s p ct f lly r f r y t t h a b ove na m e d fir m s
e e u e e ou o e .
I t cc rs t m e t h at i f I c nn t b f s rv i c e t o y i n y o ur o w p ract i c e
o u o a o e o e ou n
wo u l d ki n d ly r f e r m e e .
E x a m pl e B
G re ne B ay , Wi s .
Marc h 1 3, 1 91 5 .
Mr X Y Z C o nsu l t i ng Eng i n e e r
. . . .
, ,
M il wa k e W i sc o ns i nu e , .
D ear S i r :
Y o ur na m e h as b e n g i v n by Mr W A f th e C nstruct i n e e . . . o o o
Co m p an y f as b e i ng c nn ct ed wi t h t h d s i gn a d c nstr ct i n o f
o o e e e n o u o
hy d r o e l ectr i c wo r k
-
.
At t h p r s nt t i m e I m l o ki ng f o an p n i ng i n t h ng i n e e r i ng d
e e e a o r o e e e e
pa tme t
r s o m e hy d r e l ectr i c
n on i rr i g t i n p r o j ct o- or a o e .
o f C i v il Engi n e e rs .
96 Le t t e r s an d Re p o r ts
Fr o m 1 9 05 1 9 1 0 I wa e m p l o y d by t h e
-
o t h e i r i rr i gat i n p r j ect
s e n o o
gra p hi ca l a d c o ncr e t e wo rk
n .
I n Ju ly 1 9 1 0I wa e m p l o y e d by f Ne w Y o r k o n t h e i r
s i rr i o
g tia p r j ct i n t h
on o eSta t e f as C o nstruct i o n E ng i n r o t h i r
e o ee n e res
e vo i r
r e art h d m a d c ncr t e w r k
, a d i n N ov e m b e r
n f t h at y ar w a
o e o , an o e s
a p p o i nt e d C hi f Eng i n r f t h p r j ct w hi c h p o s i t i o n I c o nt i nu e d t o h o l d
e ee o e o e ,
unt il i ts c m p l e t i n i n 1 9 1 2 Thi s w r k c ns i st e d f a r o ck fi ll d m d on
o o . o o o a an c
cr t e d i v e rs i o n w r k s fi f t n m il s f m a i n cana l d n i n e t y m il e s o f d i t i b
e o , ee e o an s r ~
n t i ng l at e ra l s n e ar ly t wo m il e s o f st e e l fi m i g c ncr t e h a d gat e s a d
, u n , o e e n
s y p h o ns d t wo m il e s c o nt i nu o us wo d e n stav e p i p e s y p h o n
, an o .
I r sp ect f u lly r ef e r y o t :
e u o
Mr A J . . C nsu l t i ng Eng i n e e r
. o ,
Mr A E . . S tat e Eng i n e r o f
. e
Mr D C . . G e n ra l Manag r o f t h e
. f e e o
Mr P S A . . f o r m r ly C hi e f Eng i n e r o f t h
. . e e e
an d
Mr . T r easur e r of th e I rr i gat i o n C o m p an y , 30
‘
Str ee t ,
Ne w Y o r k .
If y o u h ave an y p en i ng a l o ng t h e s e li n e s t h at y o can
o u o ff e r I s h a ll
, be
glad to a d v i s e y o f rt h e r r t o arrang e f o an i nt e rv i e w
u u o r .
Y urs v e r y r e s p e ct f lly o u ,
( S i gn d ) e
E xa m pl e C
4 63 F e rr e ll Av e nu e ,
D e M o i n e s I o wa
s , .
M e ssrs . an d Marc h 1 6 , 1 91 6 .
Stat e Str ee t
4 62 ,
C hi cago Illi no i s , .
G e nt l e m e n :
I r e s p ect f u lly su b m i t t o y o m y a p p li cat o n as eng i n e r o y our sta d u i e n
‘
M y exp r i ence h as b ee n as f ll ws
e o o
1 885 9 0 Mac hi n e a p p r e nt i c e i n t h e s h o p s
-
f Co m p an y b u il d e rs o f o ,
st ea m p u m p s a d hy d rau li c m ac hi n e r y n .
1 89 09 2 Er e ct i ng p u m p s
-
d hy d rau li c m ac hi n e r y f o C m p an y
an r o .
1 89 2 9 4 D e s i gn i ng a d d ra f t i ng r o m
-
f C o m p an y
n o o .
1 89 4 9 5 Mac hi n i st i n s h o p s o f I XL C o m p an y S EW C o m p an y a d Z C o m p an y
-
, n
t exp an d m y exp e r i e nc
o i n m ac hi n e wo r k e .
1 89 5 9 9 Un i v e rs i t y o f
-
m e c h an i ca l e ng i n e e r i ng c o urs e gra d uat i ng i n ,
Jun e 1 89 9 .
1 89 9 0 8 W i t h t h e W X Wat e r P o w r C m p n y; a n d t h e Q H y d r o E l ectr i c
-
. . e o a
var i o us p l ants .
1 90 8 t o t h e p r s nt t i m e su p e rv i s i ng t h e i nsta ll at i o n o f hy d r o e l e ctr i c m a
e e ,
it is us e l e ss o r w o rs e f o r it m ay i f m isint e r p r e t e d b e m isl e a d in g a n d
, ,
m ain O bj e ct .
Th e r e is al w ays d an g e r th at t h e e x p e rt m ay b e c o m e int e r e st e d in
t h e p a rtic u lar subj e ct O f his s p e cialty a n d l o s e si g ht o f t h e f act that
th e r e a re o th e r subj e cts o f e qual o r p e rha p s g r e at e r i m p o rtance t o
w hich h is att e nti o n sh o ul d als o b e d ir e ct e d In c o nt e m p latin g s o m e
.
h
t e qu e sti o ns : H o w m uch w ill it c o st ? Wh e n can it b e c o m p l e t e d
” “
“
Will it acc o m p lish its p urp o s e ? If th e s e qu e sti o ns can b e ans we r ed
”
s i o n a l a d vis e rs .
E t h ic a l Co n s ide ra t i o n s 99
63 .
—In r e p o rti n g o n d e si g n s s t ru e
E t h i ca l C o n si d e rati o n s ,
av o i de d A r e p o rt is n o t t h e p lac e t o n e e d l e ssly sh o w t h e su p e ri o r
.
cally by t h e m e th o d p r o po s e d e v e n th o u g h in t h e o p ini o n o f t h e r e
,
6 4 I n vest i g ati o n s a n d E st i ma t e s — P r o p e r r e p o r ts m u st b e
.
t a in t i e s ( se e Se c .
6 5 E l em e n t s o f S uc ce s s f u l R e po r t s — M o s t r e p o rt s d e p e n d
'
.
n e nt t o t h e i m m e d iat e p ur p o s e o f t h e r e p o rt sh o ul d b e e m p hasi z e d so .
T h e t e chnical r e p o rt i s O f t e n t h e p i o n e e r r e p o rt o n t h e su b
t h e s i tuat i o n .
g ra m s a r e O f g r e at i m p o rtanc e Th ey g iv e a si g ni fi canc e t o fig u r e s a n d
.
d ata w hich i s n o t o th e r w is e a pp ar e nt .
t h e m o r e e xt e n d e d t r e at m e nt in t h e r e p o rt .
L IT ERA T URE
E ff e ct i ve B s i n ss Le tt e rs A H G ar d n er T h e R o na l d Pr e ss Go
u e . . . . .
S o ns.
T h e A p p li c nt s D i ffic l t i e s by R F l m i ng E g N ws V l 7 5 p 1 0 85
’
a u , . e . n . e , o .
, . .
T h e Pr p ar t i n o f Eng i n e e r i ng R e p rts
e a o N t e s o t h e r e q i r em ents f a o . o n u o
r e p o rt E d war d B St e p h e ns o n Eng N ew s V o l 7 0 p 1 2 1 9
. . . .
, . , . .
C H AP T ER VI I
O R I G I N N AT U R E ,
AND D E V EL O P ME N T OF L AW
66 . O ri g i nP r e se n t C iv il iz at i o n — T h e p r e s e nt s tat e o f
of th e
m e ntal a n d m at e rial d e v e l o p m e nt o f t h e nati o ns o f t h e e arth is t h e r e
sult o f influ e nc e s m any O f w hich m ay b e trac e d back t o t h e d a w n o f
hist o ry Men an d nati o ns a n d th e ir la w s cust o m s an d r e lati o ns a re
.
, ,
, , ,
Th o s e wh o r e a d D ra p e r s Int e ll e ctual D e v e l o p m e nt o f E ur o p e o r
’
,
i
6 7 L a w an E v o lu t i o n — It w ill b e f o un d tha t t h e la w s o f t o
. .
f o un d ati o n in th e p ast .
t e chnica l e d ucati o n .
by m a n th e y a r e fi x e d an d u nalt e rabl e an d a r e n e v e r br o k e n
,
.
104 O r i gi n an d D e v e lo p m e n t o f La w
e v e ry d e ca d e a n d d i ff e rs w ith d i ff e r e nt ti m e a n d d i ff e r e nt nati o ns
,
.
68 D e v e l o p m e n t o f H u m an L a w s —P ri m i ti v e m a n p r o b a b ly
.
o f o th e rs In o r d e r t o p r o t e ct h i m s e l f in t h e e nj o y m e nt O f hi s o w n
.
t o m a ry o r u sual w a s c o nsi d e r e d ri g ht a n d b e ca m e t h e l a w Th e s e la w s .
o f m ankin d hav e g r o w n a n d d e v e l o p e d an d e x p e ri e nc e d n e w d e m an d s
c o m m un ity wh e r e th e y we r e o bs e rv e d ; th e y we r e f r e qu e ntly v e ry l im
i t e d in e xt e nt .
.
,
m o n i e d th e s e la w s d i g e st e d a n d analyz e d th e m a n d p r o vi d e d a g r e at
z , ,
b o o k f o r c o nv e ni e nt r e f e r e nc e Th is d i g e st o f t h e c o m m o n la w s o f
.
E n g lan d is t h e f o untain h e a d o f t h e g r e at b o dy o f la w s a n d o f t h e l a w ,
7 1 D e v e l o p m e n t o f C o m m o n L a w b y J u d ic ial D ec i s i o n s
. .
"
vat e l a w r e g ulatin g t h e r e lati o ns o f in d ivi d uals w ith e ach o th e r a fi e l d ,
a m e n dm e nt o f d e tail .
”
c o urts f o r th e s e d e cisi o ns a re pa rt o f t h e c o m m o n l aw an d n o m an i s
“
"L a w
, I ts Or i g i n Nat r e
, u an d D ev l o p m n t by L A H st n
e e , . . u o . M ode r n
A m r i can
e La w, V o l . 1 , Se c . 17 .
D e v e lo p m e n t o f C o m m o n La w 107
n e w d e cisi o n b e c o m e s p a rt o f t h e c o m m o n l a w .
a n d a r e m o r e o r l e ss e xt e n d e d m o d i fi e d a n d m o ul d e d by n e w d e cisi o ns
,
.
d e m an d .
C rt s f C m m L w —T h e c o u rt s o f c o m m o n l a w
7 2 o.u o o o n a
c o urts a pp e als m ay b e m a de t o t h e n e xt hi gh e r c o ur ts Th e t e rm Ci r “
.
T h e o bj e cts o f t h e c o m m o n l a w a r e ( I ) t o p r o t e ct t h e ri g hts o f i n
d i vi d u a l s a n d ( 2 ) t o r e d r e ss t h e w r o n g s t o w hich th e y m ay hav e b e e n
,
73 S u.b d i vi
.
s i o n s o f t h e C o mm o n L a w — Sub s tan t iv e la w s .
n i z e d by t h e l a w a n d f o r w hich t h e l a w w ill o ff e r a r e d r e ss .
chil d .
in g ri g ht a n d liabiliti e s .
L a w a n d t h e C o urts o f E quity .
.
lo O r i gi n an d D e v e lo p m e n t o f La w
t h e d e v e l o p m e nt o f t ra d e it wa s f o un d n e c e ssa ry f o r m ankin d t o f o r m
ve l o p m e n t o f t h e la w s o f c o ntracts T h e d e v e l o p m e nt o f c o m m e rc e
.
t iabl e p a p e r w e r e d e v e l o p e d At t h e p r e s e nt ti m e t h e g r e at incr e a se in
.
e s t e d a r e t h e la w s o f f ranchis e s t h e la w s g o v e rnin g w at e r a n d w at e r
,
ri g hts t h e la w s o f e m in e nt d o m ini o n a n d t h e p at e nt la w s Th e s e la w s
, , .
a s th e y n o w e xist th e y hav e c o m e d o w n t o us f r o m m o st r e m o t e ti m e s
t h e s e la w s a r e f a r f r o m p e r f e ct th e y r e p r e s e nt t h e c u st o m s a n d b e st
,
i de as o f t h e p ast a n d a r e sl o w ly m o d i fi e d t o m e e t t h e n e w c o n d iti o ns
that aris e A stu d y o f t h e la w s that w ill a ff e ct t h e s pe cial w o rk o f t h e
.
b e acc o r d e d t o o th e rs a n d w h e n h e sh o ul d s e e k a d e quat e l e g al a d vi c e
,
.
77 . G e n e ra l C la s s i fi c a ti o n of L aw .
t
B e wee n N tur l L w
a a a
G od an d Man Rev l d La w ea e
E ccl e si st i c l L a a aw
LAWS M r lL w o a a
t
B e we e n Pa io
bli
I nte rn t n l La w Pri vate c a
u
Man an d Man
C nsti t t i n l L o u o a aw
N ti n l
a o i St tuto ry La w
a or a
M n i ci p l L w C m m n La w “
( Eq u i t y
u a a o o
D e fi n i ti on s o f L a w
78 . .
I G e n era l
. A r u l e o f acti o n p r e scrib e d by auth o rity
.
“
Ce ntury .
m in .
“
A rul e o f acti o n that w hich i s se t fi x e d p r e , , ,
II . L aws b e tw e e n G o d an d Ma n .
,
.
2 . D i vi n e o r r ev e a l e d l a w Th o s e rul e s o f a ct i o n su pp o s e d t o
.
b e lai d u p o n m a n by D i e ty Mo saic l a w . .
III . L a ws b e t w e e n Ma n an d Ma n .
I . G en er a l . R ul e s f o r t h e
c o ntr o l o f hu m an acti o n ; th e s e we r e
“
c r eat e d by m a n f o r his o w n p r o t e cti o n e xc ep t ins o f ar ,
2 . E c c l e s ia s t i c a l l a w L a w s o f t h e chu rch o r o th e r r e li g i o us
.
ass o ciati o ns .
3 . M or a l la w Th o s e rul e s o f c o n d uct a pp r o v e d by t h e co m
.
m unity .
4 . I n t er n a t i o n a l l aw Th o s e p r e c e de nts o r c u st o m s o bs e rv e d
.
by in de p e n de n t nati o ns .
I V F u r t h e r d efin i t i o n .
a n d p r o p e r in t h e c o n d uct a n d r e lati o ns o f m a n t o m a n
2 S u b s t a n t i ve l a w
. De fi n e s in d ivi d ual ri g hts a n d that w hich
.
3 R e m e
. di a l l a w R e lat e s t o t h e o.r g anizati o n o f c o u rts a n d
t h e m ann e r in w hich ri g ht s m a y b e e n f o rc e d th e r e i n .
7 9 So u r c e s o f Mu nic i pa l L a w
. .
I Wr i t t en L aw
. .
I Co nstit u ti o n o f t h e nati o n
. .
1 12 O r ig in an d D e v e lo p m e n t o f La w
n Co nstituti o n of th e stat e .
o
o
S tatut e s o f nati o n .
s- S tatut e s o f stat e .
n
e
O r d inanc e s o f m in o r po litical sub divi si o ns .
g C o n tr a ct s W h e n n o t o p po s e d t o p ubli c p o licy o r t o t h e l a w
.
U n wr i t t e n L aw .
I . Civi l l a w .
A O ri g in
. J ustinian Co de as c o d i fi e d f r o m anci e nt R o
.
m a n la w s .
2 . C o m m o n L aw .
A . O ri g in .
m o n which w e r e in f o rc e at t h e ti m e o f t h e De c
l a r at io n o f In d e p e n de nc e a ri d r e c o g niz e d by o u r,
u sa g e s .
t o s o m e e xt e nt by c o ntract .
D Par o l c o ntracts
. .
E Quasi c o ntracts
. .
80 . D e fi ni t i o n s C o nc e rn i n g Mu n i c i p a l L a w s .
I . S u b j ec t Ma tt er .
81 . C l a s s i fi ca ti o n an d R e lati o n of P os it i v e L aw .
P n l S curi t y e rs o a e
A b s l te Ri gh ts P rs nal Lib rt y o u e o e
P r n l Pr pe rt y e so a o
N t ral P r ns
a u Th e so
C ourt
P bl c P o l e u i
s
p e e
KI d i id l ) n v ua s
H sb nd d W i fe u a an
Par nt d C hil d e an
Oth r G uard i n d W rd e a an a
P rs ns M ste r d S erv nt e o a an a
Princi p l a d A gent a n
P rtn r hi p s a e s
Mu n i ci p al fCo r p o ra t i o n s
'
Ar t i fl Cia l P r nS
C rp r t n
( C o rp o r a t i o n s )
e so
B u sm ess o o a io s
C nsti tuti n l o o a
Sta tut ry o
LO i gi o f R i gh ts Qu s i C ntr ct s
r n a -
o a
Fr m Co ntra cts o
Co m m n L w o a
R l Esta te
( Cl ass fi ca t n P r n l Pr
ea
p rt y
i io
e so a o e
Purch s a e
C o ntr ct a
I n h e i tanc r e
Ti tl e M rri ge a a
G r nt a
Jud gm nt e
Occup ncy a
v r nt
T h e G o e nm e
3 33if
0
7
1
r
C im e s A g inst a Th e a e St t
(C r i m i l
1
Th e d I n i vi u l
d a
L a w)
Po l t ca l La w—A d m n str t i n
i i i i a o
8 2 E n f o rc e m e n t o f L a w
. .
I . In G e n er a l .
I . Na t u r a l la w Invariabl e la w s o f natur e
. .
N at u ral la w s a r e al ways e n f o rc e d T h e e n g in e e r m ay so .
2 . D ivi n e l a w H o p e o f f ut u r e r e w ar d a n d f e ar o f e t e rnal p u n
.
i sh m e n t .
En f o rc e m e n t o f La w 1 15
3 . . . e
orchurch c e nsur e .
c e nsu r e o f s o ci e ty o r c o m m unity .
5 .I n t er n a t i o n a l l a w A p p r o val vs
. d isa pp r o val o f nati o ns .
p o ssibilit ie s o f w a r .
6 M u n i ci pa l l a w
. Po pular a pp r o val o r disa p p r o val a n d p e n
.
R e m e d ia l l a ws — ,
m a y b e e n f o rc e d by
I Co u r t s o f Co m m o n L aw G o v e rn e d b y c o m m o n la w rul e s
. .
e n f o rc e s p e ci fi c p e r f o r m anc e .
m o n law E v e ry p e rs o n liv e s un de r th r ee f o r m s o f g o v
.
e r n m e n t — nati o nal
,
stat e a n d l o cal I n m o st stat e s t h e
,
. .
c o urts f o r t h e e n f o rc e m e nt o f r e m e d ial la w s a r e as f o l
lo ws
I Ju s t i c e co u r ts — w hi ch a re li m it e d t o cas e s inv o lvin g n o t
.
,
m o r e than $ 2 00 .
4 U S Cir c u i t C o u r t
. . . C as e s un d e r U nit e d Stat e s statut e s ;
.
6 U S S u pr e m e C o u r t
. . . R e vi e w o f d e cisi o ns o f c o u rt o f a p
.
L IT ERA T URE
Eng i n e e r i ng a d n Arc hi t e ctura l Jur i s p ru d e nc e by J C Wa i t
W il e y , . . .
an d S o ns N e w Y o r k
, .
Arch i t e ctur e by J C Wa i t W il e y a d S o ns N e w Y o r k
, . . . n , .
Co . I n d i ana p o li s I n d i na
, , a .
Hart f o r d C o nn
, .
B u s i n e ss L w by T R W hi t e
a , S il v e r B ur d e tt C N e w Y o r k
. . .
, o .
, .
, . . e . . . o .
, .
C y c l o p e d i c L w D i ct i o nar y S h u m a k e r a d L o ngs d o r f Ca ll ag h a n
a , n .
Co .
urge ss C o m m e rc i a l
B
’
L a w, by K . F . Bu rg ss e an d J A Ly ns
. . o . Ly ns
o
Carna h an C hi ca go
, .
1 18 L e ga l R e la t i o n s
m a y b e av o i d e d Th e e m p l o y m e nt o f an o ffi cial o f a p rivat e c o r p o ra
.
b e f o r e t h e s e rvic e s a r e r e n d e r e d
84 D i s c h a r ge f —
.
. E m p l o y m e n t m a v b e t e r m in at e d by a n e m
I W ill f ul d i s o b e d i e nc e t o la w f ul o r de rs
. .
3 H abitual n e g li g e nc e
. .
85 P r o f e s s i o na l E m p l o y m e n t — T h e r e lati o n s o f t h e p r o f e s
.
3 That h e w ill u se hi s b e st j u dg m e nt ; a n d
.
4 That h e w ill b e h o n e st
. .
4 Wa i t S cs 802 —806
e, e . .
5 Wa i t Se 83 1
, c . .
Pr o fe s s i o n a l Em p lo y m e n t 1 19
o r i m p li e d a n d is t h e sa m e w h e th e r his s e rvic e s a r e r e n d e r e d gr at u i
,
t o u sly o r f o r a r e war d .
6 C b s v B e d e 89 Ma i n e 1 87
o om .
, , .
7 T h e L ga l L i a bili t y
e f Arc hi t cts d D s i gn e rs by R N M ill r
o e an e , . . e . Th e
R o s e T e ch n i V l 2 5 p 1 1 7
c , o , . .
9 Hu b rt e t l vs Ar i k m 1 5 Da ly ( N Y ) 2 3 7 2 N Y S p 7 1 1
e a . e , . .
, . . u . .
1 20 Le ga l R e la t i o n s
a g e s t o hi s cli e nt 0
A s m all d i ff e r e nc e is i m m at e rial but t h e s pe ci fi e d
.
1
,
th e m .
86 T h e E n g i n e e r a s a n Ag e n t —W h e r e a n e n g i n e e r o r
.
c o nsists o f
I Th o s e p o w e rs d ir e ctly c o n f e rr e d
. .
p o w e rs d i r e ctly c o n f e rr e d .
r e ct ly c o n f e rr e d .
r e as o nably b e li e v e h e has c o n f e rr e d .
t h e p rinci p al .
T h e d uti e s o f an a g e nt a r e lai d d o w n by S p e nc e r as f o ll o w s
I T o act w ith scru p ul o us g o o d f aith t o w ar d t h e p rinci p al
—
. .
b u r se m e n t s o f t h e a g e ncy .
.
,
o f t h e p rinci p al s a ff airs
’
.
4 T o o be y all la w f ul instructi o ns
. .
a g e ncy .
is e xp r e ss e d o r i m p li ed .
1 0
E d war d B arr n Estat e C 0 x W o o d ru ff Co 1 6 3 Ca l 5 6 1 1 2 6 Pac
o . . . .
, . 351 .
1 1
C ntracts i n Eng i n e r i ng J I Tuc k e r Sec 1 46
o e . . .
, . .
1 2 S e Man u a l f C o m m rc i a l L a w
e o E W S p e nc r Se c 5 7 8
e . . . e , . .
122 Le ga l R e la t i o n s
h e has b e e n d i sh o n e st a n d f rau d ul e nt .
1 3
o r e v e n t h e m alici o us d e ci si o n o f t h e e n g in e e r .
It i s e vi d e nt th e r e f o r e that w h e n by t h e t e r m s o f a c o ntract an e u
,
d ili g e nc e a n d j u d g m e nt f o r his w o rk .
88 O wn e rsh i p o f P l a n s D e s i g n s a n d I n v e n t i o n s —U nl e s s
.
,
p li e d .
Wh e r e a p r o f e ssi o nal d e si g n e r i s e m p l o y e d f o r t h e p ur p o s e o f de
si gn h e has n o ri g hts in t h e de si g n p r o d uc e d d urin g his e m p l oy m e nt but ,
p r o c e ss o r m at e rial w o ul d
,
r e m ain in t h e em p l o y e e alth o u g h t h e em ,
1 3 B ag l y v D i ck s n
e . o , 1 3 Ou t . Ap p 4 84 ; . a l s Wa i t
o , Se c 84 8
. .
En gi n e e r in L e g a l P r o c e e di n g s 123
of th e wo rk o f th e d e si g n e r
utsi de o f o ffi c e h o urs a r e h o w e v e r his p e r
o
T HE E N G I N E E R IN L E G AL P R O C EE D I N G S
Fo u r t h : As e x p e rt w itn e ss .
go . C on s u l t a t i o n — Ih m o st ca s e s w h e r e li ti g at i o n a ri s e s
c o nc e rn in g t e chnical p r o j e cts o r a ff airs th e r e a r e c e rtain qu e sti o ns in
,
f r o m t h e sa m e sh o ul d b e d e t e r m in e d by th o s e w h o a r e quali fi e d by
l e arnin g a n d e x p e ri e nc e t o j u dg e as t o th e i r si g ni fi canc e a n d as t o t h e
c o rr e ctn e ss o f t h e clai m w hich it is p r o p o s e d t o su pp o rt by l e g al acti o n .
p r e vails.
9 1 P r e a rat i o n o f th C a s e — H avi n g c o n vi n c e d h i m s e l f o f
.
p e
o f t h e att o rn e y a n d e n g in e e r t h e m att e r m ay b e p r e s e nt e d in t h e b e st
,
p o ssibl e m ann e r .
Th e e n g in e e r m a y als o b e o f g r e at a i d in t h e s e l e cti o n o f e x p e rt
w itn e ss e s w h o m h e kn o w s t o b e t rust w o rthy ca p abl e th o r o u ghly i n
, ,
—
.
9
. 2 E xa m i nat i o n o f T e ch n ical W it n e s s e s An e n g in e e r w h o
has th o r o u g hly stu d i e d t h e subj e ct a n d f ully a p p r e ciat e s t h e p rinci p l e s
inv o lv e d a n d t h e e ss e ntial i d e as w hich it is d e si rabl e t o de v e l o p in o r de r
t o p r o p e rly p r e s e nt t h e m att e r t o j u d g e o r j u ry can b e o f g r e at valu e
,
as an a d vis e r b o th in t h e d i r e ct a n d in cr o ss e xa m inati o n O n p ri n .
93
. T h e E x p e rt W it n e s s — T h e s e l e ct i o n o f an e n g in e e r ex ,
t h e f acts a n d c o n d iti o ns .
( En g R e c . .
V ol .
, 60 p ,
.
is ri ght ”
( En g R e c V o l 57 p
. . . .
, .
t e rs o f j u dg m e nt an d t h e v e ry la rg e f e e h e wa s t o r e c e iv e wa s f o r t h e
p pur o s e o f sh o w in g t o t h e c o urt that t h e d e si r e d o p ini o ns w e r e h e l d by
an e m in e nt e n g in e e r I f h e chan g e d his vi e w s a f t e r t h e cas e w a s se t
.
g i n e e r i n
g p r o f e ssi o n a
,
n d th o s e w h o d o a pp e ar s o o n sink int o t h e o bliv
In nu m e r o us l eg al p r o c e e d in g s o f t h e sa m e class it is c o m m o n t o
,
kn o w l e dg e o f t h e subj e ct .
94 Q. u a l ifi c a t i o n s — Ii i o r d e r t o b e c o m p e t e n t a s a n e x pe rt ,
“
of w e e ks or m o nths ,
m ay b e in nvi r o n m e nt which o r d inarily f alls
the e
a r e so f ra m e d as t o c o m m an d t h e ans w e rs g iv e n a n d t h e natur e o f t h e ,
p . 234 .
E x p e r t E v i de n c e 31
c o urt m a de u p o f s e v e n j u dg e s a f t e r h e arin g e xt e n de d e vi de nc e o n t h e
,
vi e w s b e t we e n t w o p arti e s w a s a m att e r o f sl o w d e v e l o p m e nt a n d t h e
cas e w a s a l o n g ti m e in c o m in g t o trial t h e r e c o ll ecti o ns o f t h e vari o us
,
1 32 L e g a l R e la t i o n s
9 6 D .e s irabl e R e f o r m o f P r o c e d ur e — F r o m t h e p r e vi o u s c o n
si d e rati o n o f t h e m att e r it is e vi d e nt that t h e p r e s e nt status o f e x p e rt
,
e x p e rt o r b o ar d o f e x e rts as t h e a d vi s e r o f t h e c o urt
p .
nee d e d at t h e p r e s e nt ti m e i s n o t that t h e e x p e rt sh o ul d b e ch o s e n by
t h e c o urt but that t h e c o urt sh o ul d hav e e x p e rt a d vis e rs w h o a r e abl e
t o p r o p e rly w e i g h t h e t e sti m o ny sub m itt e d an d t o d i ff e r e ntiat e o n t h e
basis o f th e i r sci e nti fi c o r t e chnical kn o w l e dg e o f t h e subj e ct t h e tru e
f r o m t h e f als e t h e e ss e ntial a n d t h e n o n e ss e ntial a n d t o d ra w c o rr e ct
,
-
,
97 A .
pp rai sal o f P ubl ic U tili ti e s — I n t h e a pp ra i sal o f p u b li c
p ractic e usually
,
as s p e ci fi cally p r o vi d e d in t h e f ranchi s e s t o a pp o int a ,
1 34 L e g a l R e la t i o n s
p a rt i e s p ri o r t o t h e h e arin g .
9 8 . P r o f e s si o n a l D u ty — T h e tru e a i m o f t h e p r o f e s s i o n o f e n
.
t ruth a n d j ustic e .
Th e G o l d e n R ul e a pp li e s i n e x pe rt t e sti m o ny as e v e ry w h e r e e ls e .
1 7 En g i n r i ng
ee an dArchi t e ctur l J r i s p ru d nc W i t S 87 4 p p 7 9 7—9 8
a u e e, a , ec . , . .
1 8
Fran k H VV . ater m i n d i sc ss i n
an n E xp rt E v i d nc
u b f r th
o on e e e e o e e
L ITE RA T UR E
Eng i n r i ng d Arc hi t ctura l J r i s p ru d nc e "J h n Cass n Wa i t J h n
ee an e u e o a , o
W il y S ns N w Y o r k
e o , e .
C o San Franc i sc o .
Eng i n r i ng d t h L w D i scuss i n o f r i g i n d gr w t h f t h p o
ee an e a . o o an o o e r
fe i ss o nd f l aw F ran k P M d i n
an J ur Ass c Eng S 1 9 05
o . . e a, o . o . . oc .
, .
En g Ass c f S o ut h V o l 8 p 1 0 1 89 7
. o . o , .
,
.
, .
i ng E d i t r i a l Eng R V l 6 6 p 6 5 0
. o , . ec . o .
,
. .
T ec h n i c V l 2 5 p 1 1 7 , o .
, . .
N w Yo rk
e S a l s o Eng R ec V l 6 6 p 5 4 2
. ee . . o .
, . .
5 7, p . 737 .
Engi n e r i ng S rv i c s e e e an d C rt Cas s
ou e . E d i to r i al . Eng . R ec . Vo l . 60,
p . 1 41 .
E xp rt W i tn ss E d i t r i a l Eng R ec V l 6 2 p 5 3 3
Th e e e . o . . . o . , . .
O th n e f th e o a se o e e e o e on
d uct f J d i c i l I n q u i r i s
o C l m ns H r c h l E g R c Ap 9 1 6 —2 3 1 887
u a e . e e e s e . n . e . r . . , .
Th Sc i nt i fic Exp rt i n F r ns i c Pr c d ur Pr o f C h s F H i m s J
e e e o e o e e . . a . . e ,
ou r .
Fran k I nst J n e 1 89 3 . . u .
J o ur f Eng V l 2 0 p 2 65
. o . o .
, . .
Th S rv y r i n t h e Pr s nc f t h C o rt Pr f J C K n wl t o n M i c h
e u e o e e e o e u . o . . . o . .
Eng S Jan 1 9 01 . oc . . .
C H AP T ER IX
N O T ES ON AG R E E M E N TS AN D C O N T R AC T U AL R E L A
TIONS
99 .D e fi n i ti o n s .
An a gr e e m e n t i s t h e e x p r e ssi o n o f t wo o r m o r e p e rs o ns o f a m u
tual int e nti o n t o e ff e ct t h e l e g al r e lati o n o f th o s e p e rs o ns T h e t e r m .
a re s o m e ti m e s call e d ex e c u t e d c o n tr a c t s .
An ex e cu t o r y c o n tr a c t i s a l e g al o bli g ati o n cr e at e d by a g r e e m e nt
a n d e n f o rc e abl e b y an a cti o n at l a w ; i t i s o n e i n w h ich a t l e a s t o n e
An e x e cu t e d c o n tr a ct i s o n e i n w h i ch b o th p art i e s h av e d o n e all
that th e y a g r e e d t o d o .
p r e ss p r o m is e o f o n e l e g al ri g ht g iv e n i n e xchan g e f o r a c o unt e r p r o m
i se o f an o th e r l e g al ri g ht .
E x m p l e —A ff rs t o p r f o r m c rt i n s rv i c s f o B f r a g i v e n a m o unt
a o e e e a e e r o
a d B acc p t
n e t hi s off e r p r o m i s i ng t h e r by t o p a y sa i d a m unt f A s s rv
s , e
‘
o or
’
e
i c s ; t h e l att r s p r o m i s e cc p ts t h e f o r m r s ff r o f a p r m i s e d cr at es
e e
’
a e e
’
o e o an e
a b i l at e ra l a d xp r e ss c o ntract
-
n e .
i n g all o f w h o s e t e r m s a r e acc e p t e d
,
.
c o nsistin g o f an e x p r e ss o r in f e rr e d p r o m i s e o f o n e l e g al ri g ht f o r a n
o th e r l e g al ri g ht .
E x —I f A
. ff rs a d fin i t e r e war d f or t h e r turn
o e e f a l st art i c l d e o o e, an
an
parti e s t o t h e a g r ee m e nt .
E x —I f A agr e e s t o w r k f o r B f o $ 1 0
,
. 0p y ar d t h y s i gn a w r i t
o r er e , an e
t n agr m nt t
e t h at ff ct t h c o ntract i s a va li d c ontract i f b t h p art i e
ee e o e e , e o s
h av c m p l t c ntract l ca p ac i t y
e o e e o ua .
If A i s a m i n r o th r p arty l c ki ng t h ca p ac i t y t c ontract
o , r o if th
e a e o , or e
If t h w r k w hi c h A agr s te o p r f r m i s un l w f u l t h e agr m nt i s ee o e o a , ee e
If B d o e hi s s rv i c s d A wa i ts mo r t h an s i x y e ar s
s n ot p ay A f or e e , an e
a f t e r p e r f o r m i ng th wo r k b f r su i ng i f B i s d i sc h arg e d by p r o c e d
e e o e , or e
t o d o a p art i cu l ar t hi ng —C H I E F J U S TI C E M A S H AL 4 W h e at o n ( N C ) 1 2 2
. R L, . .
,
et se q .
cr at s an o bli gat i o n — S W I I AM R A N S ON
e e . IB LL . .
A c o ntract i s a p r m i s t d o o t o r f ra i n f r o m d o i ng s o m e act w hi c h
“
o e o r e
t h e l w w ill n f rc e — P O F J B J OH N S O N
a e o R . . . .
A c o ntract i n t h e w i d st s ns e o f t h t r m i s an a gr m e nt wh r by
“
e e e e , ee e e
at l ast e of t h p art i s ac qu i r s a r i g h t i n r e l at i n t o s o m
on e e e p rs o n t hi ng e o e e , ,
act o f r b aranc — P O R M B E N AM IN
,
r o e e . B F . . . J .
e e o r o e n e
R M B E N AM IN
. . J .
1 00 E x p r e s s E x e cu t o ry C o ntract
. .
h a d g r e at e r f o rc e a n d e ff e ct in l a w so g r e at in f act that an e x e c u t o ry , , ,
f o rc e ; a n d in s o m e s t at e s it has n o si g ni fi canc e .
b e e n m o d i fied by s ta tut e t h e fo ll o w i n g a g r e e m e nt s m u st b e e x e cu t e d
,
un de r s eal
1 G ratuit o u s p r o m is e s
. .
3 D e e d s a n d m o rt g a g e s ( u nl e ss o th e r w is e p r o vi de d in t h e statut e s
.
o f t h e stat e ) .
4 B o n ds
. .
pa r o l c o n t r a c ts .
1 01 . a V ali d C o ntrac t
R e qu ir e m e n t s of .
I I An o ff e r a n d acc eptanc e
. .
I I I A c o nsi de rati o n
. .
I V L e g ali ty o f o bj e ct
. .
V R e ality o f c o ns ent
. .
1 . .
n P e rs o ns o f uns o un d m in d .
o
o D r u nk e n p e rs o ns .
N P e rs o ns u n d e r c o ns e rvat o rs
- .
n C o r p o rati o ns
w
.
O Ag e nts .
1 M i n or s At c o m m o n l a w a p e rs o n un d e r t h e a g e o f t we nty
. .
,
o n e i s a m in o r .
su pp ly t h e p e rs o n al n e e d s o f a pe rs o n in t h e m in o r s circu m stanc e s i h ’
( a ) Du rin g m in o rity o r ,
his m aj o rity by
( )
a E x p r e ss rati fi cati o n .
o r p r o p e rty h e m u st r e st o r e it i f it i s in his p o we r t o d o so
,
.
c u t i o n o f an e x p r e ss c o ntract a n d h e av o i d s t h e c o ntract
,
h e m ay r e ,
2 . P er s o n s o f u n s o u n d m i n ds .
A A p e rs o n o f u n so u n d m i n d m a y bin d h i m s e l f f o r n e c e ssari e s
. .
C A c o n tract m a d e w i th su ch a p e r s o n i n a lu c i d i n t e rval i s
.
b i n d in g .
b e e n so f ar p e r f o rm e d that t h e p arty ca n n o t b e r e st o r e d t o hi s f o r m e r
‘
'
p o siti o n .
3 D r u n k e n per s o n s
. .
A A dr u n k en per s o n
. can bin d hi m s e l f f o r n e c e ssari e s .
his f av o r .
C A l e ss d e g r e e o f ( l ru n k e n e ss d o e s n o t r e n d e r t h e c o ntract v o i d
.
o w n a r e anta g o nisti c .
as m a y b e p r e s e nt e d an d w hi ch m ay n o t b e a ppar e nt at t h e ti m e t h e
c o ntract is m a de Th o s e wh o e nt e r int o c o ntracts w ith p e rs o ns w h o
.
1 03 O ff e r a n d A cc e p tanc e
. .
1
. An o ff e r m a v b e r e v o k e d at any ti m e b e f or e acc e p tanc e e x ,
c e pt wh e n :
A A de fi nit e Op ti o n f o r which a valuabl e c o nsi de rati o n i s g iv e n
.
, ,
is g rant e d .
B T h e O ff e r i s m a d e in ans we r t o a r e qu e st f o r p r o po sals t o b e
.
2
. An o ff e r m a y e la p s e b e f o r e acc e p tanc e .
ti m e f o r acc e ptanc e .
m o de o f acc e p tanc e .
C o n s i de r a t i o n
D . B y t h e de ath
insanity o f e ith e r p arty
or .
c ep t e d Such a c o unt e r —
. r
p p o o sal i s a virtual r e j e cti o n o f t h e o ri g inal
o ff e r a n d sinc e t h e O ff e r w h e n r e j e ct e d i s at an e n d a subs e qu e nt ac
, ,
p atch e d p r o vi d e d thi s is do n e i n d u e ti m e a f t e r r e c e i p t o f t h e o ff e r
,
a n d b e f o r e n o tic e o f w ith d ra w al is r e c e iv e d .
1 04 C o n s i d e ra ti o n
. .
I I W h e n at t h e r e q u e s t o f t h e p r o m is o r t h e p r o m i s e e c o n f e r s o r
.
,
p r o m i s e s t o c o n f e r any b e n e fi t u p o n t h e p r o m i s o r o r i ncu rs o r p r o m ,
th e in d uc e m e nt f o r t h e p r o m i s o r s p ro m i s e it is a su ffi ci e nt c o nsi de ra
'
ti o n f o r t h e p r o m is e .
a d e fi n it e o r r e a s o nabl e ti m e i s su ffi c i e nt c o n s i d e rati o n fo r a p r o m i s e ;
so i s t h e c o m p r o m is e o f a d i s ut e d clai m h o n e stly m a d e
p alth o u g h it ,
ult i m at e ly p r o v e d t o b e u n fo u n d e d .
E x c ept i o n s .
Vh e n
3 \ . u n d e r t h e l a w a p r o m i s e f o r a val u abl e c o n si d e ra t io n
cann o t b e e n fo rc e d a g ainst t h e will o f t h e p ro m is o r h e m ay su b se , ,
by r e n e w in g hi s o ri g inal p r o m is e .
1 05 L e g a l ity o f O bj e c t
. .
An a g r e e m e nt t h e o bj e ct o f which is f o rbi d de n by l a w o r o p po s e d
,
t o p ubli c p o licy w i l l n o t b e e n f o rc e d by t h e c o u rt
,
Th e p e r f o r m anc e .
i m plicati o n .
T h e p rinci p al class e s o f a g r e e m e nt Op po s e d t o t h e l a w o r t o p u b
li c p o licy a r e th o s e
I W hich t en d t o i nj u r e p ubli c s e rvi c e
. .
s u ch p arty .
V Un d u e I n fl u e n ce — U n d u e influ e nc e as g r o un d s f o r e va d in g a
.
2 . Me ntal w e akn e ss o f t h e o th e r .
in g that charact e r .
1 07 Sta tu t e o f F rau d s
. .
in g u po n t h e si g n e r .
carria g e o f an o th e r p e rs o n
3 .A n a g r ee m e nt m a d e u p o n t h e c o nsi d e rati o n o f m arria g e .
y e ar f r o m t h e m akin g t h e r e o f .
1 08 Th e i n t e r p r e tati o n o f C o nt rac t
. .
c o nt e xt a n d t h e o b j e ct p r e c e d en ce c o ns e qu e nc e s caus e s e ff e cts a n d
'
, , , , , ,
I I As t o t h e m e a n i n g o f w or ds
. .
Th ey a re t o b e tak e n as th o s e wh o us e d th e m int e n de d .
m u st p r e vail .
in r e g ar d t o t h e m att e r c o nsi de r e d .
6 B r o a d wo r d in g w ill n o t e xt e n d a c o ntract t o th o s e th in g s c o n
.
I I I I n c o n si s t en cy
. .
p rint e d a r e,
inc o nsist
'
e nt t h e w ritt e n p art
, w ill c o ntr o l t h e p rint e d .
carri e s g r e at we i g ht .
5 .I n ca s e o f d o ub t t h e lan g u a g e o
,
f a c o nt ra ct i s tak e n m o st
1 09 T h e D i s ch a r g e o f C o ntra c t
. .
A c o ntract m a y b e d ischar g e d
I By a g r e e m e nt b e t wee n t h e p arti e s
. .
II . By c o nt ract p r o vi si o ns .
III . B y p e r f o r m anc e .
IV . By i m po ssibility o f p e r f o r m anc e .
V . B y o p e rati o n o f l a w .
VI . B y br e ach o f t h e c o ntract .
I . D isch ar g e b y ag r e e m e n t .
m utual r e l e as e .
with t h e o l d c o ntract
B r e l e as e u n d e r s e al o r u p o n a su ffi ci e nt c o nsi de rati o n
4 .
y .
t h e sa m e .
I I D is ch a r g e b y co n tr a c t pr o vi si o n s — A c o nt ract m ay b e d i s
.
ch ar g e d by c e rtai n c o n t rac t p r o vi s i o n s w h e r e i t i s s p e c ifi e d
1 That t h e n o n f u lfil lm en t o f c e rtain s p e ci fi e d t e r m s shall g ive
.
-
t h e o p ti o n o f e ith e r o f t h e p arti e s .
t h e d ischar g e o f t h e c o ntract .
IV . Im po s s i b i l i ty o f p f
er o r m a n c e — Wh e r e
th e r e i s an e x p r e ss c o n
tract t o do a c e rtai n thin g p o ssibl e b ot h i n nat u r e a n d by la w t h e p r o m ,
i s o r m u s t d o i t o r p a y d a m a g e s e v e n th o u g h i n c o n s e qu e n c e o f u n
,
f o r e s e e n cau s e s o v e r w h ich h e h a s n o c o n t r o l t h e p e r f o r m an c e o f
h i s c o n tract h a s b e c o m e i m p o s sibl e .
l 50 A gr e e m e n t s an d C o n t ra c t u a l R e la t i o n s
I R el ease —
. A vali d r e l e as e o f t h e ri g ht
. of acti o n m u st b e e ith e r
un de r s e al o r f o r a valuabl e c o nsi de rati o n .
2 . A c cor d a n d s a t is a c t i o n f .
th in g n ew i n li e u o f a clai m a n d t h e pe r f o r m anc e i s c o m p l et e d b e f o r e ,
t h e w ith d ra w al o f t h e o ff e r .
3 Ju d
.
g m e n t o f t h e c o u r t — Wh e n an acti o n o n a c o ntract i s
bro u g ht in a c o urt o f c o m p e t e nt j u ri s d icti o n a j u d g m e nt d i schar g e s ,
p e l i f in f av o r o f t h e d e f e n dant .
L IT E RA T URE
T h e La ws o f C o ntr cts— J o h n C Wa i t ( J h n W il e y a S o ns ) . o .
J o h n C Wa i t ( J o h n W il y S o ns )
. e .
C l ar k —
C o ntracts W m L C l ar k Jr ( W e st Pu bli s hi ng
on . .
,
G n e ra l Pr i nc i p l s o f t h e A m r i can L a w o f C ntracts—R M B
.
Th e e e e o . . en
j am i n ( T h B ow e n M rr ill e -
e
l a gh a n Co ) .
Cas es on t h e L aw of C ntracts—W A
o . . K ee ner , 2 V lso .
( B ak e r Vo o r hi s
C o m p an y ) .
B kC
oo o .
B ish p o C ntracts— J P B i s h o p ( T H F l o d
o n o . . . . o
l i h d by a t h o r )
s e u .
G o v e rn m nt C o ntracts — C F Carus i ( Ca ll ag h an
e . .
B us i ne ss Law —Th o m as R W hi t e ( S il ve r ; . B ur d tt e C o m p an y ) .
C H AP T ER X
T ION
1 1 0
. B u sin e ss Me t h o d s —T w o sy s t e m s m ay b e em p lo y e d in
th e c o n st ru ct i o n of p ub li c an d p ri vat e w o rks .
ti o n a n d t h e e li m ina ti o n o f c o ntin g e nc e s t o t h e g r e at e st d e g r e e .
'
c o n diti o ns a r e a p t t o b e m o r e o r l e ss in e x p e ri e nc e d a n d i rr e s po nsibl e .
T h e p r o bl e m th e n i s t o ch o o s e such busin e ss m e t h o d s o f co n st ru c
ti o n as w ill av o i d th e s e d i ffi culti e s so f a r as p racticabl e T h e ans we r .
.
,
tainty Th e s e can b e r e m o v e d t o a g r e at e r o r l e ss e xt e nt by th o r o u g h
.
p racticabl e .
b e r e qui r e d .
bo th a kn o w l e d g e o f c o n d iti o ns a n d a kn o w l e d g e o f h o w t h e c o n d iti o n s
sh o ul d b e m e t in o r de r t o s e cur e t h e r e sults d e si r e d Th e i r p r o p e r .
E C o n t i n g e n c i es — E v e n w h e n a f ai rly th o r o u g h p r e li m inary i n
.
a d de d t o t h e t o ll o f e xtra e x p e n se w h i ch c o ul d n o t b e f o r e s e e n
'
t o e li m inat e th e m alt o g e th e r O n c o n t r u c t io n w o rk e v e ry m an is d e
.
,
n
p e n d e nt f o r hi s sa f e ty o n his f e ll o w m e n w h o a r e m o r e o r l e ss ,
e x p e ns e inv o lv e d .
G Tr a n spo r t a t i o n —
. Al m o st e v e ry stru ctur e is d e p e n de nt o n trans
.
t o t h e unc e rtainty a n d e x p e ns e .
I M a t er i a l —T o s e cur e m at e rial wh e n n ee d e d a n d at a r e as o n
. .
1 S u pe r vi si o n —
. It i s e xc e e d in g ly d i ffi cult t o s e cu r e suitabl e su
usually k ee p a nu m b e r o f d e pe n dabl e m e n o n wh o m f r o m th e i r p r e vi ,
K L ab o r — Skill e d a n d u n sk i l l e d l a b o r i s o n e o f t h e i m p o rtant
. .
m e n in su ffi ci e nt nu m b e rs f o r t h e p r o m p t c o m p l e ti o n o f c o nstructi o n
will g r e atly r e d uc e c o st W h e n m en a r e in g r e at d e m an d th e y a r e
.
the wo rk d e lay e d an d
c o st o f su p e rvi si o n incr ea s e d but t h e m e n
th e .
,
o f w o rk a n d lab o r in d e m an d th e y b e c o m e in d e p e n d e nt a n d in e ffi ci e nt
,
.
. .
p e e e. o e p ro v e u t ,
M G r a ft — Th e f o r m o f d ish o n e sty kn o w n as g ra f t is m o r e
.
o r e n g in e e rs ,
wo rthy o f t h e na m e e v e r e nt e r int o such d e alin g s a n d
, .
,
c o m m o n than i s po p ularly su p po s e d .
su l t s in f o r m s o f g ra f t which hav e b e e n
p r e vi o usly m e nti o n e d but it
o f t e n tak e s f o r m s w hich whil e o b j e cti o nabl e har d ly j u sti f y so s e v e r e
, ,
a titl e .
a ff o r d w o rk t o t h e un e m p l o y e d ; o r m ay b e unscru p ul o us wh e n e x e r c
c i e n cy o f c o ntract r o .
te d n ts
en d f o rem n d an t e ue o
l w r wag e s d p o li t i ca l i fl
o e an n u
s i n a p p i nt m nts
e n ce o e .
4 . E li m i nat s d i fficu l t y o f d ra w i ng
e D i ffi cu l t i s m o r e f anc i e d t h an r l
e ea
c ntracts f o c o m p l x c nstru
o r e o e d can b o v e rc m e by m p l o y
an e o e
t ion . i ng e ffi c i nt d exp e r i nc d e
e an e e n
gi n eers .
5 . e e an d e as e of e to e e
m d i f yi ng p l ans
o .
an d de s i gn a d unsa f e e st i
n
mat s e .
6 . Sav i ng i n c st o of i ns p ct i n e o .
N o r a l sav i ng p o ss ibl
e i ns pec t rs e, o
r e n e c e ssar y t o p r v e nt car
a e e
l ssn ss by f r e m n
e e o e .
T n d nc y t m a i nta i n rgan iz a
e e o o
t i o ns wh n ot n ee d ed e n .
p a r t m e n t s o f B o st o n f o r t h e B o st o n F inanc e C o m m issi o n p r e s e nt e d
'
a p a p e r b e f o r e t h e B o st o n So ci e ty o f E n g in e e rs wh ich g av e m uch
p e rtin e nt in f o r m ati o n o n this subj e ct .
r e po rt e d c o nc e rnin g t h e m e th o d s us e d f o r w at e r p i p e e xt e nsi o n o n e
thir d w e r e do in g wo rk by c o ntract but o utsi de o f Ne w E n g lan d f o r t v ,
tem ,
Mf E ddy n e v e rth e l e ss f av o r e d that syst e m o n acc o unt o f t h e
.
,
tiv e w a g e s p ai d by c o ntract o rs t o sh o rt e n h o u rs t o p ay w a g e s f o r , ,
a n d n o t t h e rul e .
‘
suitabl e f o r hi s p u r po s e a n d a re availabl e o nly b e caus e th e i r i d io s y n
c r a si e s hav e m a d e th e m unsati s f act o ry f o r
pe r m an e nt c o nn e cti o ns .
e q u i p m e n t r e q u i r e s e xt e nsiv e e x e ri e nc e a n d k n o we d e o f t h e
l p g pa r
t i c u l a r c o ntract inv o lv e d .
gin e e r in g e d ucati o n .
1 1 3
. C o n trac t a t a F ix e d P ric e — T h e o l d e s t a n d m o s t c o m
m o n m e th o d o f l e ttin g w o rk un de r c o ntract i s by r e c e ivin g c o m e titiv e
p
bi d s o f fi x e d p ric e s Th e s e may b e e ith e r lu m p su m s o r unit p ric e s
‘
.
60 Da y La b o r an d C o n t r a c t Sy s t e m s
sh o ul d b e r e q u i r e d T h e l ettin g o f wo rk f o r a lu m p su m m ay l e a d t o
.
i s b i d a n d a chan g e in t h e wo rk i s m a d e a su
p pl em e ntary c o ntract m ust
,
o n e ach buil d in g o r f r o m t w o t o th r e e p e r c e nt o f t h e c o st o f .
t h e buil d in g .
m o n by t h e g e n e ral c o ntract o rs l e av e s a pp r o xi m at e l y , as t h e
t o tal c o st f o r e sti m at e s m a de o n all w o rk b v th e s e fi ve fi r m s As t h e .
bi d s f ro m w hi ch wo rk wa s s e cu r e d w a s a n d t h e e x p e ns e i n
l o n g run by t h e o w n e rs o f t h e buil d in g s e r e ct e d .
e sti m at o r sh o ul d b e
p ai d by t h e o w n e r a n d sh o ul d b e abs o lut e ly in d e
p e n d e nt . T h e c o m m itt e e e x p r e ss e d t h e O p ini o n that t h e natu r e o f t h e
e sti m at o r s p o siti o n wo ul d e nabl e h i m t o s e cu r e l o w p ric e s f o r t h e g r e at
’
po rt u n it i e s f o r c o m binati o ns
.
It w a s su gg e st e d that t h e ow n e r sh o ul d
.
g o o e t e p a p
r e po rt o f t h e c o st o f c o nstructi o n a n d i f h e f o un d t h e c o st sat is f a c
,
n i t u d e o f t h e structur e At t h e c o m p l e ti o n o f t h e w o rk i f t h e buil d in g
.
,
C o s t P lu s Pe r c e n t a g e l 63
a n d g r e at e r p r o fi ts .
h e sh o ul d e quitably p a y .
c o n d iti o ns .
t h e r e sultin g t e m p tati o n .
p r o fi t d o e s n o t d e p e n d o n hi s abilit y t o d o w o rk e c o n o m ical l y W . h e re
tract o r t o w h o m th e y a r e d ir e ctly r e s po n si bl e is n o t d e p e n de nt o n th e i r
g r e at e st e ff o rts f o r his r e tu rns w ill al m o st uni f o r m ly r e d uc e th e i r e f
,
quality o f wo rk .
stre e ts b e l o w T h e i m p r o v em e nt a gg r e g at e d ab o ut fi f t e e n m il e s o f
.
e sti m at e d c o st m a d e by t h e e n g in e e r a n d p r o visi o ns w e r e m a d e i n t h e ,
w a s d e d uct e d f r om t h e t e n p e r c e nt t o b e p ai d t h e c o ntract o r ; a n d in .
in t h e c o m p ut e d c o st .
Th e r e is n o a pp ar e nt r e as o n wh y a c o ntract un d e r t h e ab o v e p lans
m a y n o t b e satis f act o ry a n d m a y n o t b e a p p li e d t o t h e carryi n g o u t o f
L IT ERA T URE
Ho w Q uant i t y C m p t i t i n can b e E li m i nat d D i scuss s a d v ntage s f
o e o e . e a o
R ec V o l
. . 7 2, p . 5 66 .
S o m e O bj ct i ns t t h P rc ntag M t h d f B i d d i ng D i sc sses o b
e o o e e e e e o o . u
je t i
c t o un b a l anc e d bi d s
on s St fi Art i c l e Eng N w s V l 5 0 p 2 9 3. a . . e , o . , . .
C ntr ct i ng
o a P e rc ntag lik b as i s A d vantag s d d i sa d v a ntage
on a e e or e . e an s
o f lum p m d p rc e ntag bi d s
su an Sta ff Art i c l Eng R V l 5 4 p 4 2 1
e e . e . . ec . o . , . .
Art i c l En g R V l 5 8 p 4 4 9
e . . ec . o .
, . .
m nt N v 1 2 1 9 03
e , o .
, .
Li t e r a t u r e l 67
S y st m f C ntract Le tt i ng by Ma y r Th s
e o o , o o . G . H ay s Mun i c i p a l J o rna l
e . u ,
Vol . 1 3, p . 1 06 .
D i ff r nc s b t w n P bli c
e d Pr i vat
e C o ntracts St ff Art i c l En g
e e ee u an e . a e . .
N ws Ap 2 8 1 9 04
e , r .
,
Vo l . 60, p . 1 97 .
Quant i t y i s
B d Arc hi t ctura l d Eng i n r i ng C ntr cts D i scuss i n
on e an ee o a . o
of r p r p o e me th d s o of m a k i ng q ua n t i t y st i m at s Ab stract f p a p e r by G A e e . o . .
p . 5 35 .
l
ar l y C st p l us fi x d s m
o A b stract o f p a p r b y Fran k B G ilb r e t h b e f o r
- -
e -
u . e . e
M e t h o d f d i ng w r k f c i t y E W M
o o h M i c h E g Annua l 1 89 8
o or . . . u e n sc er . . n rs . .
R l at i ve E ffic i nc y o f t h D y La b o r d C ntract S y st m i D i ng M
e e e a an o e o
'
o u
n i i p l W rk
c a A b stract f s v ra l d i scuss i ns Eng N w s V l 6 3 p 5 03
o . o e e o . . e , o .
, . .
E N G I N EE R I N G AND AR C H IT EC T U R AL W O R KS CO N
ST R U C T E D U N D ER CO N T R AC T
m an y f e atu r e s o f w h ic h a r e c o n tr o ll e d b y l a w B y t h e t e r m p rivat e
“
.
et c .
,
w h i ch a r e n o t c o nt r o ll e d by l a w so f a r a s t h e f o r m o f c o n trac t s ,
c e rn e d T h e w h o l e p r o c e d u r e o f au th o ri z i n g w o rk fi xi n g c o n tract
.
,
w o rk c o n su m m ati n g c o n t ra ct s a n d i nt e r p r e t i n g c o n t rac t s d i ff e rs
, ,
u i r e m e n t s m u st b e o bs e rv e d in o r d e r that a l e g al c o ntract m a y b e
q
m a de .
th e
“
l o w e st r e s p o nsibl e bi dde r Stat e la w s s o m e ti m e s r e qui r e p ublic
.
t o b e a w ar d e d t o t h e l o w e st bi d d e r alt e rati o n m ay b e m a d e in co n ,
tracts b e f o re th ey a r e e x e cut e d .
I Wa i t ’
s Eng i ne ri ng e an d Arc hi te ctura l Jur i s p ru d e nc e, se c . 1 40 .
2 Ibi d , s ec s 1 4 1 1 42
.
, .
8 Ibi d , s cs 1 4 1 1 4 2
e .
, .
l 70 W o rk s C o n s t r u c t e d U n de r Co n t r a c t
.
a n d c ritici s e d a n d m a y inv o lv e s e ri o us c o ns e qu e nc e s t o t h e e n g in e e r .
s e e m t o r e q u ir e in carryin g o u t t h e wo rk in han d m a y b e m a d e w h e n
e v e r t h e p arti e s t o t h e c o ntract a g r e e R i g h ts m a y b e w aiv e d o b l i g a
.
,
s o m e ti m e s i g n o r e d o r n e g l e ct e d a n d n o s e ri o u s c o ns e qu e nc e s hav e f o l
,
t h e w o rk s c o m p l e t e d a n d p ai d f o r e v e n in s o m e cas e s w h e r e th e r e has
,
, ,
1 1 9 N e g o tiat i o n s f o r C o n s t r u c t i o n C o n trac t s —T h e n e g o t i a
.
o r t h e m at e rials t o b e f u rni sh e d is w e ll kn o w n it m a y p r o v e m o r e
, ,
n ee r o r s o m e o th e r o ffi cial ) a n d n ot d i r e ctly by t h e o w n e r
, .
1 2 0 D i sh o n e s ty
. i n C o m p e ti t i v e L e tt i n g —T h e c o m p e tit iv e
l e ttin g o f c o nstructi o n c o ntracts is als o o p e n t o d ish o n e st p ractic e s .
d r a wa l o f a b id c o ul d b e f o r m e rly acc o m p li sh e d o n t h e c o m m o n l a w
ri g ht t o w ith d ra w o r r e v o k e an o ff e r at any t im e b e f o r e its acc e p tanc e .
o r bi d d e r s b o n d s w hich th e y a g r ee t o f o r f e it i f th e y r e v o k e th e i r p r o
’
po sa L
\Vh e r e n e g o tiati o n s a r e carri e d o ut b e t we e n p rivat e parti e s a n d
r e s po nsibl e c o nt ract o rs t h e r e qui r e m e nt f o r a ch e ck o r bo n d t o a e c o m
,
w h e th e r p ublic o r p rivat e .
kn o w n o f r ie n d s n o r f av o rit e s a m o n g t h e bi dd e rs in t h e l e ttin g o f a n v
wo rk t o b e d o n e un d e r hi s s p e ci fi cati o ns an d sh o ul d striv e t o a w ar d t h e
c o ntract t o t h e l o w e st a n d b e st bi dd e r in all cas e s
R e strict e d L e tt in g s —Fo r p ri vat e l e t ti n g s p r o p o sal s m a v
.
1 2 1
.
,
abl e m a y b e e x c lu d e d W h e re t h e kn o w l e d g e o i th o s e l e ttin g t h e w o rk
.
m y i ncr as
a s li g h tly t h e o ffi c e wo r k b t i t w ill r d u c sts T u
e e , u e ce o . o se
c o st t h e ra il w a y m p an y l ss i f t h p ro p sa l co e m ad o as t o s p arat e e , e o s ar e s e
h a l w i t h a s h rt f r
u h a l a d a ll p ss ibl e c l ass i ficat i ns o f m at r i a l T
o ee u n o o e .
o
i t m s d th at h w ill b p a i d f j st w h at h d o s T o t h ra il wa y m
e an e e or u e e . e co
o f li n p l ans
e or d t h at t h e c o m p an y p a y s f
, an j us t w h at i t g ts or e .
3 R wr i t s m f t h e cl a s s i n t h c ntracts d s p ec i ficat i ns p
“
. e e o e o u e e o an o , ar
ti l
cu a r l y th s w hi c h a p p li d t o f o r m r c n d i t i ns b t d
o e t f lly ov re e o o ,
u o no u c e
p r s nt o n e s
e e d s p c i a ll y s m o f t h m wh i ch h ave gr wn f r o m i n t e r
,
an , e e ,
o e e o
li n at i ns m a d f r m y ar t y r i n y ur p r i nt d f r m s
e o e o e o ea o e o .
4 R c gn iz r l t i o n b t w n t h r e s p o ns ibili t y o f t h c ntract o r
“
. th e o e e e a e ee e e o
a d t h e r q u i r m nts f
n e th b n d a d t h e r ta i n ed p rc nt g At t h t i m e
e e or e o n e e e a e . e
t h e c ntr ac t i s s i gn d
o d t h r s p o ns ibili t y f t h c ntract r i s m asu e d by
e , an e e o e o o e r
l at r as t h e wo r k i s n ar c o m p l t i n a d p t f i t e v n i n
e , e t h e ra il wa y e o n ar s o e u s e,
5 G iv as i ns p ct o rs m w h s k n w l d g f t h w r k at l ast
“
. e us e en o e o e e o e o e
a p p r ac h s t h at f
o e f r m n o ou r o e e .
6 G i ve f u ll q uant i t i s o m nt hly st i m at s d th n
“
. s u ou r e e n ou r o e e an e se
t o i t t h at t h vo u h e rs m a d e t o c ov r t h o s e st i m at s m v p r m p t ly t h r ug h
e c e e e o e o o
th au d i t o r s o ffic t o t h e tr asur e r
e
’
e e .
”
9
1 2 3 Su gg e s ti o n s o f Am e r i c a n So c i e t y o f E n g in e e r in g C o n
.
trac t o r s — A c o m m i tt e e o f th i s s o c i e ty su b m i t t e d a r e p o rt i n J a nuary ,
tracts w e r e e x p r e ss e d :
1 Th
“
c m m i tt t hi n k s i t i m p o ss ibl t su b m i t a c m p l e t f r m t
. e o ee e o o e o o
d n b y a d p t i ng s m g n ra l p r i nc i p l s
o e o d f r m u l at i ng t h m
o e et h at t h y
e e an o e so e
be b n d s h u l d b su b m i tt d t bi d d rs a p art f t h s p c i ficat i ns o w hi c h
ou o e e o e s o e e o n
I n t hi s w y t h bi d d r i s t li bl t b e sur p r i s d by w co n d i t i ns
a e e no a e o e ne o
a p p e ar i ng i n t h e co ntract su b m i tt e d f hi s s i gnatur e a f t r hi s b i d h as b n or e ee
m a d a n d acc p t d
e e e .
3 Th
“
gr at st v i c f c ontracts i s nc e rta i nt y I n a d p t i ng an y f r m
. e e e e o u . o o
o f c ntra t
o s p c i ficat i o ns ev r y e ff rt s h l d b m a d t o s cur e xactn ss
c or e e o ou e e e e e
o f d fin i t i n
e f th r i gh ts d d ut i e s of b o t h p art i e s
o o e an .
0 Fr om th e Pr cee d i ngs o f
o th e St L u i s Ra il wa y C l u b
. o .
S e c u r i n g Lo w B ids l 75
a ut h r i t y m st b d v i s e d f t h d t r m i nat i o n f e i t h r un xp ct ed p h y s i
o u e e or e e e o e e e
ca l n d i t i ns
co un f res n a m bi gu i t i e s i n t h e c ntract
o or o ee o .
“
5 Th first r q i s i t e t t hi s i s p r m p tn ss
. e e u t h at t h w r k m a y o o e , so e o
p r oc dee Thi s d ou b t l es s r q i r s t h at a ll d i s p t d q st i ns s h a ll b p i
. e u e u e ue o e r
m ar ily s e tt l d by t h e n gi n e r p r s nt
e th wo r ke e e e on e .
6 W hil . t h e e ng i n r i s t h e b st fi t t d p rs n t
e r e ac h a p r m p t d
ee e -
e e o o o e
c s i io hi s r el at i o n t t h o wn r
n, fit h im f an i m p art i a l d c i s i n
o e e un s or e o .
Th r m ust t h r e f r b s m e p r v i s i n f o an a p p a l t an i m p art i a l
e e , e o e, e o o o r e o
tr ib na l a n d fina l s tt l m nt f a ll d i s p ut s by i t
u e e e o e .
7 D i s p ut s s h u l d as f as p ss ibl b s tt l d as t h c ntract
“
. e o , ar o e, e e e e o
p r gr ss s
o e t h at t h p art i s can k n w h w t h e y stan d T t hi s e d
e , so e e o o . o n
a l l m att rs f d i s p ut s h o u l d b
e o r d c ed p r m p t ly t w r i t i ng a d a ll a p p a l s
e e e u o o n e
fr m tho ng i n e r s d c i s i ns s h u l d b p r m p t ly ta k n
e e e
’
e o o e o e .
th e c ntract o .
t h e l o a l c n d i t i ns
c d fo o th b r i ngso t h r xp l rat i ns f t h
an r e o or o e e o o o e
t o th wn r
e o d th c ntract o r s h u l d t b bli g d t ga m bl
e ,
an e o it o no e o e o e on .
1 0 Th p r i n i p l e a l s o r e q u i r s t h at a c ntra t s h u l d t b t h p r ov i d
“
. e c e o c o no o e
o wn r t h e , o wn r s h o l d ta k e t h e r s p o ns ibi li t y f
e e th
u r su l t If t h e or e e . e co n
tract r guarant o th lt h s h l d b f r t a d p t h i s o wn m t h o d s
e es e r e su , _ e ou e ee o o e
o f c o nstruct i o n .
1 1 T h e c ntract o r
“
. s p i a lly w h n b un d by a t i m e li m i t s h u l d
o , e ec e o , o
b e g iv n t h e t m st f r d m as t o t h r d r d m ann e r f d o i ng t h
e u o ee o e o e an o e
p r e scr ib e d w r k o .
1 2 D fin i t e p r o v i s i n s h u l d b m ad ass rt i n i n w r i t i ng
“
. e f th o o e e or e e o , ,
T h e c ntract o r s h u l d g i v
o p ro m p t n t i c o f a c la i m f
o xtras d t he o e or e an e
o wn e r o f a c l a i m f a d ecr as e o f t h ass e ss m nt f d a m ag s
or e r or e e o e .
1 3 S o m e ru l s h ul d b e p r scr ib d f t h wn r s p r o t ct i n i n cas e
“ ’
. e o e e or e o e e o
or t t k e v r t h w r k i n wh o l e
o a o e i n p art o r t d ed uct actua l o liqu i d at d
e o , or , o r e
d a m ag s T h e su bj e ct i s
e . o f gr at d i fficu l t y a d n e d s m o st c a r f u l on e e n e e
c o ns i d e rat i o n .
Th c ntract r s h l d b p r t c t d f r m l ss b y d la y f t h e o wn r
e o o ou e o e e o o e o e
th o w n e r s o t h e r c ntract rs a d p r v i s i n m a d s e tt li ng suc h l o ss s
’
or e f
o o , n o o e or e
w i t h o t su i t w h r e p ss ibl
u e o e .
1 5 W h at i s t h e p r o p r am o unt o f r e t a i n e d p e rc ntag s W h at s h u l d
“
. e e e ? o
p a y m nt e D i ff re nc s o f o p i n i o n s h ou l d b e a d j ust d d a un i f o r m ru l
? e e e an e
ad p t do e .
| 76 W o r k s C o n s t r u c t e d U n de r C o n t ra c t
Mat i a l m i ns i st t h at t h c ntract b o n d h u l d p r ov i d e f r p ay
16 . er en e o s o o
m nt f
e m at r i a l s an d l a b o r
or e Thi s l e a d s t o gr at r s cur i t y t t h m at r i a l . e e e o e e
m en d c ns qu nt ly l w r p r i c s
an o e B t i t i s an unn c e ssar y c os t t o co
e o e e . u e n
1 7 S om
“
. c ntract rs a d e ngi n e rs m a i nta i n t h at t h e c o ntrac t c n d i
e o o n e o
j t s w h i ch exp e r i e nc e h as s h o w n m y p r o d uc c o n fli ct s h u l d b e d fin i t l y
ec a e o e e
d i s p o s d o f by t h
e p r v i s i ns fix d i n t h e c ntract
e v e n i f t hi s xt n d s i ts
o o e o , e e e
l e ngt h .
1 8 A f ter
“
. v r y ff rt h as b n m a d t av i d a ll unc rta i nt y i n t h e
e e e o ee e o o e
O p i n i n as t
o t h e r i g h ts o f t h
o p art i e s m y p rs i st t th e d of t h e a e o en e co n
p r j ud ic
e t th e .
r i g h t f t h c ntract r t r c ov r d i s p ut d c l a i m s i n
o e o e o o o e e e
th e c urts I t h as un f rtunat ly b c m t o c m m n t o d c l ar e t h at o
o .
, o e ,
e o e o o o e n
ou t f t h e c o ntra t
o Thi s i s a s i d d d d i s h n st p r v i s i o n W h n
c . on e -
e an o e o . e
p a y m nt i s arn d by a f l fi ll m nt
e e f th
e c ntrac t i t ugh t t t o b d n i d
u e o e o , o no e e e
b caus t h c ntract r b li v s t h at h i s nt i t l e d t o m r
e e e o o e s h ou l d h
e e e e o e, n or e
b e f rc ed by n c ss i t y t o w a i ve acc ss t
o e e t h e c urts t c o rr ct w r o ngs d on e o o o e e
h im in t h c o rs o f hi s c ntract ”
e u e o .
m a n y r e s p e cts but a d d e d ,
O e g n ra l r m ar k m y b e m a d e i n r g r d t o n ar l y a ll such f r m s
“
n e e e a e a e o
t h at t h y h av b e n g n ra lly p r e p ar d b y p rs ns r p r s nt i ng wn rs s h
e e e e e e e o e e e o e , uc
i n v i ta bl t n d ncy h s b e en t p r t t t h o wn r s r i gh ts at t h e c o st o f t h e
e e e e a o o ec e e
’
th e c ntract o r s
o
’
.
”
u fa ct u r e r s c o n t rac t o r s a n d m at e rial m e n m e t i n G u l f p o rt M i s si s
, , ,
a m o n g o th e r th i n g s a d o p t e d t h e f o ll o w in g a s t h e ba s i s w h i ch i n th e i r
O p i ni o n sh o ul d u n d e rli e t h e m aki n g o f p u bli c c o n t ract s
1 W h n stat
. e m un i c i p a l statut e s c n fli ct w i th ass c i at i n r l s
e or o o o u e
t h e l att r s h a ll b
e wa i v d e e .
2 W h n wo r k i s d on a p rc e ntage b as i s s c r i t y s h u l d b e gi v n
“
. e e on e , e u o e
t o gu rant e a e st i m at e d f a i t h f l p r f r m anc f th e w or k
an u e o e o e .
3 D e s i gn i ng ng i n r s h a ll t c m p e t f o w r k a d v t i s ed t b e
“
. e ee n o o e r o er o
l e t un d r hi s p l ans
e d sp i ficat i o ns an ec .
“
4 N . bi d s s h a ll b e as k d nt il m n y t p y f o t h e w r k h s b en
o e u o e o a r o a e
p r vi d d
o e .
5 B i d s s h a ll b e o p n d a d r e a d i n p bli c
. e e n u .
6 N o bi d s s h a ll b su b m i tt d a f t r t i m na m e d i n a d v rt i s m e nt
“
. e e e e e e .
l 78 W o r k s C o n s t r u c t e d U n de r Co n t ra c t
Ti m s h a ll b a ll w d c ntract o r f o d l a y caus ed by str ik s acc i
31 . e e o e o r e e ,
3 2 Wh n wo r k i s c m p l t d e ng i n e r s h ll acc p t o r e j ct sa m e w i t hi n
. e o e e e a e r e
a r as na bl t i m e
e o e .
3 3 C ntract r i s r l as d f r m a ll f ut r e r s p o ns ibili t y wh e n co
. o o e e e o u e n
t r a ct e ta k s p o ss es s i n f p lant w h t h r s tt l m ent h as b n m a d
e e o o , n ot e e e e ee e or ,
u l es s o t h r w i s agr ee d
n e e .
1 2 5 R i g h ts o f t h e C o n tract o r
. T h e su gg e s ti o ns m a d e in t h e .
-
o r t h e o w n e rs a n d s o m e ti m e s p e rha p s t o sh o w that t h e e n g in e e r o r
,
w o rk .
e x p e ri e nc e d m a n w h e th e r e n g in e e r o r c o ntract o r kn o w s that th e r e
, ,
a r e m e n in e v e ry w alk o f li f e in e v e ry busin e ss an d in e v e r y p r o f e s
,
t h e chanc e s o f s e ri o us l e g al p uni sh m e nt .
p u rs e .
e r s a r e d ish o n e st in e x pe ri e nc e d an d inc o m pe t e nt So m e a r e de p e n d
,
.
o f c o ntractin g a r e n o e xc e p ti o n t o t h e rul e .
a n d p o ssi bl e p r o fi t .
Th e acti o ns o f m en a r e n o t o nly m o d i fi e d by th e i r e x p e ri e nc e a n d
int e g rity but th e i r p o int o f vie w is als o f r e qu e ntly m o d i fi e d by c o n d i
,
scru p ul o u s T h e d e si r e t o p r o t e ct hi m s e l f f r o m l o ss e s m o r e o r l e ss
.
o f vi e w .
Th e e n g in e e r w h o s e p lans a n d s p e ci fi cati o ns a r e w e ll p r e p ar e d a n d
c o m p l et e wh o has f ully c o v e r ed all e m e r g e nci e s in t h e p lans a n d co n
,
a n d r e st p u r e ly o n j u d g m e nt U sually t h e v e ry p o ints t o b e de ci de d
.
t o o cl o s e t o t h e w o rk t o al w a y s o btain a p r o p e r p e rs p e ctiv e c o n c e rn in g
t h e qu e sti o ns at i ssu e T h e d i ff e r e nt p o ints o f vi e w f r e qu e n tly g iv e
.
o nl y o n e int e r p r e tati o n .
l 82 Wo rk Co n t r u c t e d U n de r Co n t ra c t
'
s s
t as t t h e m att rs r f rr d t o i t h un d e r m e nt i n d c l aus s
[ Ex ce p o e e e e h e o e e
‘
a t o a ll o f w hi ch s h a ll b l ef t t t h e s o l d i scr t i n o d ec i s i n o f t h e e o e e o r o
e ng i n e r v iz e , .
( a ) As t o t h p r o v i s i o n o f e ve r y t hi ng n c e ssar y f r t h e p r p r e x
e e o o e e cu
t i o n o f t h w rk s t e o , e c.
( b ) As t o t h a m n d m nt f rr rs ar i s i ng f r m i naccurat s tt i ng
e e e o e o o e e
o t o f wo r k s
u .
( c ) As t o t h q ua li t y o f m at r i a l s d wo r k m ans hi p
“
e e an .
( d ) As t o t h c m p t e ncy f t h g n e ra l f r e m an o t h e w r k s
“
e o e o e e o n o .
( 6 ) As t o t h c o m p e t ncy o c n d uct o f an y p e rs o n m p l o y d o n t h e
e e r o e e
wo r k s b y t h c ntract r e o o .
var i at i ns o .
( Q ) As t
“
th r j ct i o n a d r m va l o f wo r k d m at r i a l s t i n
o e e e n e o an e no
su b st i t t i n o f t h r w o r k d m t i l s t h e f a d a ll o t h r m att rs
‘
u o o e an a er a re or, n e e
r f rr e d t o i n t hi s c l a s e
e e u .
( h ) As t d e f cts f au l ts wh i c h m y a p p ar i n t h e wo r k s a f t e r c o m
“ “
o e or a e
p l e t i on .
(i) As n i ng f w r k f i ns p ct i o n
t o th e Op e o o or e .
(j )
t t h e d at e w h e n t h e w r k s a
As o com p l t d o re e e .
( to )
t o th As x ut i n o f w r k s h av i ng b e e n d l a y ed by i nc l em en t
e e ec o o e
we at h er d t h e r caus s
an o e .
( Z) As t t h e carr yi ng o o f t h w o r k s w i t h d d ili g nc
“
o et et n e ue e e, c .
, c.
( m ) As t t h e exp n d i tur e f p r o v i s i o na l su m s
o e o .
tract o r .
A l s xc p t as t o t h m att rs r f rr d t o i n t h un d r m nt i n d cl aus es
“
o, e e e e e e e e e -
e o e
nu m b r ed A t o e
‘
a ll whi ch s h a ll b e l e f t t t h s o l e d i scr t i on o d e c i o e e r ~
s i o n o f t h e co nc il u
( A ) As t t h e a ss i gn m nt s b l e tt i ng f an y p o rt i o n o f t h
“
o e or u -
o e
wo r k s .
( B ) As t t h d t r m i n a t i n f t h c ntract b y t h c o unc il
“
o e e e o o e o e .
w i s h t o d a l w i t h t h m s l ve s
e r m y w i s h t h e i r c unc il s t o d a l w i t h
e e i , o a o e , n~
ar bi trat i o n .
( 3 ) Or s t th w i t hh l d i ng by t h
a o ngi n e r f an y c e rt i ficat t
e o e e e o e o
whi c h t h c ntract r m y c l a i m t b e e nt i t l e d e i t h e r p rt y s h a ll f rt h w i t h
e o o a o , a o
g i v e t o t h e t h r w r i tt e n n o t i c f such d i s p t
o e d i ff r nc n d such e o u e or e e e. a
d i s p ut d i ff e r e nc e s h a ll b
e or d i s h e r e by r f rr e d t o t h ar bi trat i o n d e an e e e an
fina l d c i s i n f a p e rs o n t b a p p o i nted
e o o th r eq u st o f i t h r p art y o e , on e e e e ,
by t h p r s i d nt f o t h t i m b i ng o f t h I nst i tut i n of M n i c i p a l an d
e e e r e e e e o u
C o nty Eng i n rs
u d th aw ar d o f s h arbi trat i o n s h a ll b e fina l a d
ee , an e uc n
s h a ll n ot n d unt il a f t r t h c o m p l t i n o r a ll e g d co m p l t i o n f
be o pe e e e e o , e e , o
th ew r k s un l ss w i t h t h
o ,
w r i tte n c ns nt f t h
e co unc il o t h e en g i n r
e o e o e ,
r ee ,
an d t h c o ntract r e Th ar bi trat r s h a ll h av p o we r t o o p e n p r v i e w d
o . e o e u , e , an
r v i s a y ce rt i ficat p i n i o n d e c i s i n r qu i s i t i o n o n o t i ce s ve i n r e gard
e e n e, o , o , e r , a
c ert i fic t p i n i o n d c i s i n r eq u i s i t i n
a e, o , no t i c h d b ee n gi ve n U p on
e o , o or e a .
eve r y a y suc h r f r nc
, or n t h e c st o f d i nc i d nta l t
e e the r f e r nce a n d
e, o an e o e e e
t e r m i n t h a m o unt t h r f
e e d i r e ct t h sam e t o b e tax d as be tw e n so l i ~
e eo , or e e e c
t i n Act 1 89 9
o ,
Pr v i d e d a l wa y s t h at t hi s c l us s h a ll t a p p ly t an y co nt ract
“
o a e no o ,
t h e t ta l o r i g i na l a m nt s m o va l
o f w hi c h e xc l us i v e o f an y
ou , xtra s
u ,
r ue o , e
o r a d d i t i ns i s l s t h an o ,
t h us n d p o un d s r t o an y d i fi e en ce o r d i s
e s on e o a o r
p ut e s w hi c h i n c nn ct i n w i t h an y o c ntract s h a ll i nv lv a t ta l am o unt
e o on e o o e o ,
su- m ,r va l u e
o f l e ss t h an fi f t y p o und s i n
o i th e r o f whi c h t w ve nts al l , e o e
m att rs ar i s i ng
e t f th c ntract d an y d i ff e r nce o d i s p ut e s h a ll b e i n
ou o e o an e r
th es l j u d gm nt d d i scr t i o n o f t h ng i n r wh o se d ec i s i o n s h al l b e
o e e an e e e ee ,
fina l d bi n d i ng a ll p rt i s d W i t h t a p p a l 0
an on a e an ou e .
”
1
n i e d e ach y e ar
z Th e Am e ri can Institut e o f Archit e cts has f o r a n u m
.
a b o ar d o f arbitrati o n t w o o f wh o m shall r e p r e s e nt t h e o w n e r a n d co n
,
c o n t ract .
1 0 Eng i n e r i ng R c r d Ju ly
e e o , 2 7 , 1 9 1 2 , Vol . 66 , p . 1 00 .
| 84 W o r k s C o n st r u c t e d U n de r Co n t r a c t
.
,
n o wa y b e r e g ar d e d as a r e fl e cti o n o n t h e h o n o r o r c o m p e t e ncy o f t h e
e n g in e e r .
L IT ERA T U RE
R s p o ns ibili t y f t h e Eng i n e e r i ng Pr f ss i n f t h e C n d uct f P b
Th e e o o e o or o o u
o e o ou e o an e
p . 602 .
A Pr p s d La w t Pr v nt C o ll us i n d G ra f t i n t h Le tt i ng
o o e o e e o an e of Pu bli c
C o ntracts A b stract f p a p r b f r e Am So c E n g C o nt by C E
. o e e o . . . .
, . . G ill e tt e
o ut li n i ng p r p s e d N e w L e g i s l at i o n i n P hil a d l p hi a
o E g N ws
o e . n . e , Vo l . , 6 6,
p . 7 44 .
60 p 3 68
, . .
E d i t r i a l En g R V l 5 3 p 4 67
o . ec . o .
, . .
Eng N e ws V o l 7 0 p 2 2 1
.
, .
, . .
A p l an t L i m i t Un b l anc d B i d d i ng C i t y Co ntract W rk D i sc ss i n
o a e on o . u o
cf p l an d v i s d by D e p t f Wat e r S p p ly N e w Y o r k
e e E n g N e ws V o l 69 . o u , . .
, . ,
p . 777 .
for as p h a l t p av i ng O X M L o g h l i Eng R V o l 7 0 p 47 6 . . . c u n . . ec . .
, . .
A l t rn t e S p ec i fic t i o ns f Pu bli c W r k e L g l C i t s s ve ra l cas s
e a a or o ar e a . e e e
by D T P i rce Eng N ws V l 7 4 p 1 04 8
.
‘
. e . . e , o .
, . .
T h e D ut i s o f Eng i n rs i n En f rc i ng Co ntracts by A J H i m e s E n g
e ee o ,
. . . .
N ews V l 4 8 p 45 , o .
, . .
Ar bi tr t i o n by On war d B at e s Di scuss i o n by d i ff e re nt m em b e rs J o ur
a ,
. . .
W E E V o l 1 7 p 4 81
. . . .
, . .
Ar bi trat i o n I ts p l ac i n o r p r o f s i o n l Pract i c e Pa p e r b e f r e T ec h
, e u es a . o .
C o nst N ws J n 29 1 9 01
. e , u e , .
S h u l d an E ng i n r b e Ve st e d w i t h J d i c i a l F nct i ns D i scuss i n of
o ee u u o . o
s bj ct E d i t o r i a l E n g N ws Su p p V o l 5 1 p 1 89
u e . . e , . .
, . .
CH AP T ER XII
AD V E R T I S I N G AN D L E T T I N G C O N T R AC T
1 2 8 . Pu rp o s e of Adv e r ti s e m e n t p r e p arati—T h
o n e
o f t h e ad
t c r t i s m c n t a n d t h e i n s t r u c t i o n t o b i dde r s p r e su p p o s e s that t h e p r e li m
'
s e n t ia l ly c o m p l e t e d a n d that t h e w o rk i s r e a d y t o b e l e t .
t h e p e rs o ns w h o m it i s d e si r e d t o r e ach alth o u g h t h e m an n e r a n d e x
,
a n d c e rtai n o th e r f o r m aliti e s a r e l e g al
p r o visi o ns m a de a n d n e c e ssa ry t o
g uar d a g ainst f rau d in p ubli c c o ntracts
.
.
1 2 9 N atu r e o f Ad v e rt i s em e n t —T h e a d v e rt i s e m e nt sh o ul d
.
wh o m f o r what p r o p o sals a r e t o b e r e c e iv e d
an d T h e a d v e rti s e m e nt
.
a ct e r a n d e xt e nt o f t h e wo rk a n d w h e th e r t h e bi d de rs e x p e ct e d a r e
l o cal m e n o r m e n f r o m d i stant citi e s .
cur e a c o p y o f t h e a d v e rti s e m e nt as it sh o ul d f o r m a p a rt o f t h e c o m
,
E v e n un d e r th e s e ci rcu m stanc e s t h e m a y o r p r o p o s e d to o pe n bi d s t o
“
se e h o w t h e bi d s c o m ar e d w ith t h e e n g in e e r s e sti m at e H
’ ”
p e w as .
a t l e ast $ 00 unici
5 .T h e m p ity by its inc o nsi d e rat e acti o n o ccasi o n e d
a l ,
| 88 A dv e r t is i n g an d Le t t in g Co n t r a c t
a n e e d l e ss e x pe n s e o f ab o ut t o t h e c o ntract o rs wh o h a d b ee n
a sk e d t o b i d o n t h e wo rk W h e th e r o r n o t th e r e wa s any l e gal r e
.
l e g al p r o c e e d in g s w e re so g r e at that n o att e m p t w a s m a de t o s e cu r e
l e g al r e d r e ss T h e m o ral iniquity inv o lv e d in such a p r o c e du r e n e e d s
.
1 3 0 An al y s i s o f Ad ve r t i se m e n t — O n a ny w o rk w h e r e b i d d e r s
.
Ou t l i n e o f Adver t is e m e n t
1 . B y wh o m
bi d s w ill b e r e c e iv e d .
2 W h e r e r e c e iv e d
. .
3 Wh e n r e c e iv e d
. .
5 L o cati o n o f w o rk
. .
7 W h e n c o ntract i s t o b e b e g un a n d w he n fi ni sh e d
. .
8 W h e r e p lans m a y b e s e e n o r o btain e d
. .
9 W h e r e s p e ci fi cati o ns m a y b e s e e n o r o btain e d
. .
b o n d s m e n a r e r e qui r e d it sh o ul d b e stat e d )
, .
m en a r e r e quir e d it sh o ul d b e stat e d )
, .
1 2 Wh e n p r o p o sals w ill b e o p e n e d
. .
1 3 W h e n c o ntract w ill b e a w ar d e d
. .
bi dde rs .
f o rm a lt i e s .
1 7 . O ffi cial
si g natur e s o f o ffi c e rs l ettin g w o rk o r r e c e ivin g bi d s .
us u all y a ppe n de d .
1 90 A dv e r t i s i n g an d L e t t i n g C o n t ra c t
33
1 . F o rm of — T h e p r O p o sa l m a y e i th e r b e a p ri nt e d
P r 0p o sa l .
f o r m o r it m a y b e l e f t f o r t h e bi d d e r t o m ak e o u t in t h e f o r m o f a w rit
t e n c o m m unicati o n It w ill d e p e n d o n t h e a m o unt a n d charact e r o f
.
t h e wo rk as t o which i s p r e f e rabl e Wh e n t h e w o rk i s si m p l e a n d t h e
.
"
b i d i s a lu m p su m f o r t h e e nti r e w o rk a s p e cial f o r m i s n o t e ss e ntial
,
b e e xa m in e d a n d c o m p ar e d W h e n th e r e a r e a nu m b e r o f it em s f o r
.
r e c t l y c o m ar e d o n t h e basis o f
p p ric e as such f o r m s a r e usually so
,
d it i o n s w ill caus e t h e b i d t o b e r e j e ct e d W h e r e wo rk is o f a n a .
s p e ci fi cati o ns
”
an d
“
( )
b T h e b
“
i d has b e e n m a d e w ith o ut c o llusi o n o r f r a u d a re ,
( )
d S tatin g t h e cha ract e r a n d a m o unt o f s e cu ri t sub m itt e d w ith y
t h e b i d a n d a g r e e in g t o f o r f e it t h e sa m e i f t h e b i d i s acc e p t e d a n d t h e
bi d de r f ails t o e nt e r t h e c o ntract as a g r e e d .
charact e r o f t h e sa m e .
E x a m pl e A .
PR O P O SAL
TO T H E B O A RDA R K C O M M ISSIO N ER S OF T H E C IT Y o r B O S T O N FO R
or P
B U I L D I N G A B U T M E N T S A N D W I N G W A L L S FOR A B R I DG E A l woo n ’ ‘
-
I S L A N D P A R K E A S T B OS T O N , .
Th e n d e rs i gn e d h r by d c l ar t h at —h h
u e e car e f u lly xa m i n d t h
e e e a e e e
m achi n e r y t l s , p p aratu
oo d ,t h r m ans f o co nstruct i n
a s, an o ed d o a ll e r o , an
t h e wo r k an d f rn i s h a ll t h
, m at e r i a l s ca ll e d f o by sa i d c ntract
u e d sp ci r o an e
fi c tio
a ns i n t h e m ann e r p r scr ib d by t h c ntract d t h s p c i ficat i ns
e e e o an e e o ,
an d th r qu i r m nts und e r t h m o f t h E ng i n e r f t h s m f
e e e e e e e , or e u o
Acc an y i ng t hi s p r p o sa l i s a ce rt i fi d c h ec k f t h e m o f o t h
om p o e or su ne ou
san d d ll ars as ca ll d f i n t h e f r e g i ng a d v rt i s e m e nt
o , e or o o e .
N m m b r o f t h e C i t y C o unc il
O e e d p rs n i n an y o ffic ,
em p loy
an no e o e or
m e nt o f t h e C i t y o f B o st o n i s d i r ct ly i n d i r ect ly i nt e r e st e d i n t hi s p
, e or ro
192 A dv e r t i s i n g an d L et t i n g C o n t ra c t
po sa l o i n y c ntract whi c h m a y b e m a d un d e r i t o i n xp ec te d p r o fit
r an o e , r e s
t o ar s e t h r f r m ;
i e d t hi s p r p o sa l i s m a d e i n g o d f a i t h w i t h ut c o l l u
e o an o o , o
si n o co nn e ct i n w i t h an y o t h r p rs n bi d d i ng f o t h sa m wo r k
or o e e o r e e .
Na m e
A d d r e ss
E r a m p1e B
. .
P R O P O SAL
Ma d by e r s i d i ng i n ( d at ) e e
d h e r e by d c l ar e t h at
o e th o n ly p rs n i nt e r st e d e e o e
i n t hi s p r o po sa l d t h at n o ,t h r p rs o n t h an t h e p e rs on h r i n na m ed
an o e e e e ,
h as y i nt r st i n t h i s p r p o a l
an e e i n t h c o ntract p r o p o s ed t b e tak e n ;
o s , or e o
t h at i t i s m a d w i t h o t an y c nn ct i o n w i t h an y o t h e r p rs n o p rs o ns
e u o e e o r e
m a ki ng p r o p sa l s f t h e sa m
o w r k a d t h at i t i s i n a ll r e s p cts f a i r
or e d o , n e an
w i t h o ut co ll s i n u f rau d o or .
l cat i n f sa i d w r k
o o o d th ann exe d s p e c i ficat i o n a d f o r m o f contract
o , an e n ,
on th co n d i t i ons r e qu i r e d u p o n t h e f o ll wi ng t r m s
e , o e
In Fr o m To
G r v e Str t
o ee F i rst Str e t e S c n d Str ee t
e o
G r o ve Str e t e S co n d Str t
e ee Thi r d Stre t e
G r v Str e e t
o e . s Thi r d Str ee t F ourt h Str t ee
G r v e Str e e t
o F ourt h Str t ee K i s h wa k e St u e
S e c on d Str e t e G r ve Str ee t N o rt h
o , E n d f Lat e ra l
o
S e co n d Str t ee G r ov Str ee t S ut h
e , o E d f Lat ra l
n o e
K i s h w au k e Str e t e e Gr v oStr e t N o rt h
e e ,
E d o f Lat ra l
n e
K i s h wa k Str e e t
u ee G r ov Str e t S o t h
e e , u E d f Lat ra l
n o e
1 94 A dv e r t is i n g an d Le t t i n g C o n t ra c t
A G e n e ral
. n o tic e incl u din g ti m e o f r e c e ivin g bi d s an d g e n e ral
,
cha ract e r o f t h e wo rk .
B Ho w s e al e d a n d t o w h o m d e liv e r e d
.
,
E E sti m at e s
. .
1. R e s e rvati o ns as t o ti m e o f be gi nnin g a n d c o m p l e ti o n .
1. R e as o ns f o r r e j e cti o n o f bi d s .
1 35 D et ai l s o f I n s t ru c t i on s
. .
A G e n e r a l N o t i c e— R e ce ivi n g B ids
.
,
etc .
( )a Se al e d bi d sab f o r t h e w o rk
o v e na m e d e n d o rs e d w ith t h e ,
m akin g t h e sa m e w ill b e r e c e iv e d at t h e o ffi c e o f
,
until
at o cl o ck
’
M at which ti m e t h e bi d s w ill b e o p e n e d by t h e
.
,
a war d e d .
Fo r t h e last claus e i n t h e ab o v e o n e o f t h e f o ll o w in g i s s o m e ti m e s
,
substitut e d
( b ) Af t e r whi ch t h e bi d s w ill b e r e f e rr e d t o t h e e n g in ee r ( o r
‘
o th e r o ffi c e r ) f o r r e c o m m e n d ati o ns
”
.
“
( c ) T h e c o ntract w ill p r o bably b e l e t at t h e r e g ular ( o r s pe cial )
m e etin g o f t h e on at o cl o ck M ’
.
”
as e arly as p racticabl e .
B P r o po sa l s— H o w S eal e d a n d t o Wh o m D eli ve r e d .
b
( ) E ach b i d m u st b e incl o s e d in a s e al e d e nv e l o p e a n d de liv ,
e red to th e a n d in t h e p r e s e nc e o f t h e p e rs o n o ff e rin g
C . F o r m a l i t i es R e q u i re d i n P r o po sa ls .
( )
a N . B . B i d de r s a r e w arn e d
that all bi d s w hich a re d e fi ci e nt
( F o r m a lit ie s a do pt e d a r e h e r e a d de d ) .
go o d o r d e r wh e n t h e b id is de po sit e d .
”
t h e bi d de rs w ill invali d at e t h e b i d
,
Such a dd iti o n w ill e nsur e t h e t e
.
j e c t i o n o f t h e bi d s A l l bi
. d s m ust b e f ull in e v e ry p a r ticular .
”
( d ) T h e bi d s m ust b e m a de u po n b la n k s f u rn i sh e d by t h e
o r th e ir a u th o riz e d e n g in e e rs
”
.
p r e c e d e t h e d at e o f Op e nin g t h e bi d s
”
.
( g ) W h e n a fi rm is a bi dd e r t h e m e m b e r o f t h e fi r m wh o si g ns
“
i
( )
“
I f any bi d d e r w ish e s t o w ith d ra w hi s r
p p o o sal h e m a y d o s o
fi n rea d .
D . M a n n er of S t a ti n g P r i c es .
(b) B i d d e rs w i ll
stat e t h e p r o po s e d p ric e f o r e ach s eparat e
it e m o f t h e w o rk by w hich t h e bi d s w il l b e c o m par e d Th e s e p ric e s
,
.
a n d lab o r i n c o m p l e ti n g t h e wo rk a f o r e sai d i n c o n f o r m it y t o t h e c o n
,
E . Es ti m a t e .
F Wh er e
. I n f o r m at i o n Ca n B e Ob ta i n e d .
(a ) B i dd e rs m ust g e t th e i r in f o r m ati o n
as t o t h e l o cal c o n diti o ns
o f tra d e , a m o u nt o f g r o un d wat e r
lab o r , charact e r o f t h e s o il p r o babl e , ,
a m o unt o f t h e wo rk t o b e do n e .
”
G R es e r va t i o n s o f R ig h t s t o Al t er Am o u n t o f Wo r k e t c
.
, .
“
( a ) T h e ri g ht i s r e s e rv e d t o incr e as e o r d i m inish in quantity as
m a y b e n e c e ssary in t h e j u d g m e nt o f t h e t h e variati o n
f r o m t h e e sti m at e h o w e v e r n o t t o e xc e e d t e n p e r c e nt
, , .
”
H R es er va t i o n s
. as to Am o u n t o f Wo r k L e t i n O n e Co n t r a ct
(a) r e s e rv e s t h e ri g ht t o l e t t h e w o rk as a wh o l e o r
The
i n p arts Co ntract o rs w ill stat e i n th e i r bi d s t h e l e ast an d g r eat e st
.
a m o unts o f w o rk f o r w hich th e i r bi d s a r e m a de .
l 98 A dv e r t i si n g an d Le t t in g Co n t ra c t
a f t e r an a w ar d t o h im it i s d e sirabl e t o r e qui r e h im t o m ak e a s p e ci fi c
,
t h e bi dd e rs wh o m a y hav e a nu m b e r o f such p r o po sa l s o u t at on e ti m e .
p r o p o sa L
(b ) c e rti fi e d ch e ck f o r
A shall acc o m pany e ach b i d as
a g uarant e e that t h e bi d de r i f succ e ss f ul w ill e nt e r int o c o ntract f o r ,
.
, .
Ss c Eng N w s V o l 5 2 p 1 5 2
e . e , .
, . .
I n s t r u c t io n s to Bi dde r s I 99
f r ee h o l d e rs o f t h e city o f
-
w ith th e i r r e s p e ctiv e p lac e s o f b u si
n e ss o r r e si de nc e t o t h e e ff e ct that i f t h e c o ntract b e a w ar d e d t o t h e
,
o bli g e d t o p a y t o t h e p e rs o n t o wh o m t h e c o ntract m a y b e a w ar de d at
,
s o n o r p e rs o ns f o r w h o m h e si g ns t o b e c o m e sur e ty T h e a de quacy .
L . S e c u r i ty w i t h C o n t r a c t .
( )
b T h
“
e p e rs o n o r p e rs o ns t o w h o m t h e c o ntract o r c o ntracts
, ,
M M is ce lla n e o u s
. R e q u ir e m e n t s .
( )
c A
“
c o p y o f t h e a d v e rtis e m e nt th e s e i nstructi o ns a n d t h e s p e ci
,
( )
d P “
lans can b e s e en a n d s p e ci fi cati o ns a n d f o r m o f t h e c o n
,
N . P la n s an d Spe ci fi ca ti o n s .
O .
Qu a lifi ca t i o n s o f B i d der s .
( )
b B i
“
d d e rs W i ll stat e bran d s o f m at e rial r
p p o o s e d a n d t h e m ak e
a r e p r o po s e d
”
.
lab o r a n d m at e rial .
”
i rs invit r s nt at e o p e nin g o f t h e bi d s
“
( )
d B dd e a r e e d t o b e p e e t h .
( )
e Th e ri g ht i s r e s e rv e d t o r e j e ct any o r all bi d s o r t o i g n o r e
—
.
§ 39
sh o ul d b e r e c e iv e d u p t o a g iv e n h o u r a n d any bi d s w hich a r e o ff e r e d ,
C .P o litics .
G ra f t .
F ri e n d sh i p .
R e ci p r o city .
D F ashi o n
. .
E App e aranc e
. .
Sy m m e try .
F inish .
s e l e ctin g m achin e ry t h e f o ll o w in g
F R ep utati o n
. .
O f Man u f act u r e r .
F inancial .
D ep e n dability .
Fo r Effi ci e ncy .
As a m achin e .
Ca p acity .
S a f e ty .
Si m p licity .
R e g ulati o n .
De si g n .
Acc e ssibility .
Ad j u stability .
Mat e rials .
D i m e nsi o ns .
Acc e ss o ri e s .
W o rk manshi p .
G D e liv e ry
. .
P r o m is e d .
D i stanc e o f shi p m e nt .
L IT ERA T URE
Bi d s f or Mun i c i p a l W o r k s . D i scuss i o n of va l u e of p u bli s h e d b id p r i ce s .
E di t o r i a l . E n g R ec Vo l 4 9, p 4 0
. 6 . . . .
i ng w i t h d raw a l En g N w s V o l 3 7 Ap r il 3 0 1 89 8
. . e , .
, , .
th o ir zed C i t y o f N w Y o r k t o a w ar d c o ntr a ct t o b e st bi d d r
e Eng R ec V o l 5 4 e . . . .
,
p 37
. .
Li t e ra t u r e
aw ar d t hi g h bi d d r w
o ill ga l En g R V l 5 4 p 4 1 9 e as e . . ec . o .
, . .
Th R j ct i n f a ll B i d s f Pu bli c W o r k O bj ct i ns t o t hi s p r oc ed r e
e e e o o or . e o u .
E d i t o r i a l En g R V o l 5 8 p 2 9
. . ec . .
,
. .
Th R qu i r m ents d Th o r y o f t h A d v rt i s m nt o N t i c t B i d d e rs
e e e an e e e e e r o e o
p . 306 .
Marc h 7 1 9 1 2 p p 4 3 4 a d 4 5 3
, , . n .
Eng R e V o l 5 5 p 3 1 5
. c . .
, . .
B nd s o D i sc ss i o n f t h b n d s d f a i rn ss i n c ntracts by Fa i r D d d
.
-
u o e o an e o ,
o .
Eng Wo r l d V o l 4 p 4 01
.
, .
, . .
c m p n y s b n d s t s rv p urp s e by A H M k w t Eng N e w s V l 7 1 ;
o a
’
o o e e o . . ar ar . .
, o .
p . 1 03 5 .
Eng R ec V o l 7 0 p 5 0
. . .
, . .
En g R e c V o l
. . . 70, p . 21 9 .
C H AP T ER XIII
CO N T R ACT S
o f har d c o al B r e pli e s $ 9 pe r t o n
. A a sks t o hav e t e n t o ns d e liv e r e d
. .
B d e liv e rs t h e c o al ; A s e n d s a ch e ck f o r $ 9 0 T h e transacti o n i s co m .
n o w ritin g wa s n e c e ssary
N e c e s s i t y o f W r itt e n A g r e e m e n t s —W h e n h o w e v e r t h e
.
1 39 .
, ,
o v e rl o o k e d o r f o r g o tt e n b e f o r e its e x e cuti o n o r w h e r e o th e r g r o un d s
,
o f d is p ut e m a y p o ssibly aris e .
m in e run an d f r o m t h e Cha p in m in e .
1 41 C o n tr ac t b y Ac c e p t a n c e o f L e tt e r — I n g e n e ral t h e n e g o
. .
,
c o rr e s po n de nc e m ay b e m o re v o lu m in o us a n d it m a y b e d e si rabl e t o i h ,
by a m o r e f o r m al a g r e e m e nt e ith e r o f which sh o ul d b e si g n e d in d u ,
e
p licat e .
C o n t r ac t co n s u m m a t e d by a cc e t
p a n ce o f wr i t t e n o ff e r .
M es s r s A . . B . G , L a Sa l l e Il li n o is No v
, , . 2 0, 1 9 1 5 .
R o c kf o r d Ill i n o is , .
G e n t le m en
In acc o r danc e w ith o u r p r evi o u s c o rr e s p o n de nc e w e a g r e e t o f u r ,
V e ry truly y o u rs ,
ACC E P T E D X Y Z . . .
A B C . . .
1 42 . A F o rm al C o n t r ac t .
M E MOR A N D A OF A G RE EM E N T
It is a g r e e d b e t we e n A B C a n d X Y Z thi s t we n
m u tually . . . . . .
,
t h e u se o f hi s f act o ry at R o ck f o r d Il l in o is d urin g t h e y e ar 1 9 1 6 ab o ut
, , ,
t we lv e hun d r e d t o ns ( o f lbs ) m o r e o r l e ss a n d t h e c o al f u r
.
'
X Y Z t h e s u m o f o n e do l l ar a n d fi f ty c e nts
. .
p e r t o n f o r sai d
c o al w ith f r e i g ht all o w e d f r o m t h e Cha p in m in e t o R o ck f o r d Il l in o is
‘
,
, ,
Si g n e d A B C . . .
Witn ess Si g n e d X Y 2 . . .
D C W . . .
43 1 . W r i tt e n E x e c u t o ry C o n trac t s —T h
x e cut i v e e w ritt e n e
2 Subj e ct m att e r
.
P r o m i s e s t o b e p e r f o r m e d ( w o rk m at e rials et c t o b e f u r , , .
,
n i sh e d o r do n e ) .
Co unt e r p r o m is e s ( p ay m e nts t o b e m a de )
-
.
3 Ti m e o f p e r f o r m anc e
. .
4 D at e o f c o ntract
. . .
5 Si g natu r e s
.
a r e h o we v e r l e g ally un e ss e ntial
, , T h e e ss e ntial f e atu r e s o f an a g r e e
.
e c ifi ca t i o n s, d Speci fi ca ti o n s
s p an for
In any e v e nt t h e a g r e e m e nt
e ith e r w ithin its e l f o r t o g e th e r w ith
ti o ns sh o ul d b e stat e d in t h e sh o rt e st a n d cl e ar e st t e r m s c o m patibl e
w ith a p r o p e r a n d cl e ar un d e rstan d in g o f t h e m att e r int e n d e d t o b e set
f o rth .
i n t h e a g r e em e nt t o any p a p e rs a n d th e i r attach m e nt th e r et o m ak e , ,
“
th e m e qually a p art o f t h e c o ntract Thi s i s als o tru e o f t h e Adve r .
t is e m e n t ,
” “
I n s t r u c t io n s P r o po sa l e t c E v e n a p r o p e r r e f e r e nc e
,
” “
,
”
.
t o th e s e p a p e rs su ffi ci e nt f o r th e i r i d e nti fi cati o n i s su ffi ci e nt t o m ak e
, ,
l t i f th e y a r e attach e d A r e f e r e nc e t o t h e d ra w in g s su ffi ci en t f o r
p e e .
,
a n d bo un d in t h e o r d ina ry l e g al do cu m e nt f o rm that i s b o un d at t h e , ,
t o p a n d O p e nin g f r o m t h e b o tt o m T h e p a m phl e t f o r m h o w e v e r i s . .
,
ti o n a n d u se In t h e p a m phl e t f o r m b o th si de s o f e ach sh ee t m a y b e
.
,
utiliz ed t h e p a p e rs b e in g th e r e f o r e l e ss b u lk v In t h e arran g e m e nt o f
,
.
'
Ti t l e : F r o nt p a g e o f c o v e r ( D e scri p ti o n o nly ) . .
Adv er t is e m e n t : Se c o n d p a g e o f c o v e r ( So m e ti m e s p rint e d o n
‘
tracts ) .
Ta bl e o f C o n t e n ts ( or In d e x .
)
E s t ima t e f Am o u n ts
o o f Wo r k to b e D on e .
( No t e ss e ntial but
,
o f t e n d e si rabl e ) .
F orm o f P r o po sa l .
F or m o f B o n d w i th P r o po sal .
( If one i s u sed ) .
I n d ex (or Ta b l e o f C o n t e n ts .
)
Agr e e m e n t .
G e n er a l C o n dit io n s
E ith e r as a p art o f o r s e parat e f ro m the
.
G en e r a l Spe ci fi ca t io n s
f o r m o f a g r e e m e nt
.
D e t ai l e d Spe cifica ti o n s
.
s ep arat e instru m e nt ) .
F o r m fo r F il i n g ( B ack p a g e o f c o v e r )
. .
G e n e r a l C la u se s
sh o ul d b e so arran g e d that wh e n t h e d o cu m e nt i s f o l de d t h e f o r m o f ,
‘
e v e ry p ur p o s e .
1 45 G e n e r a l C lau se s f o r A gr e e m e n t —V h e n t h e ge n e r al co n
. .
V
di ti o n s a r e n o t inclu d e d in t h e fo r m o f a gr e e m e n t i t sh o ul d u su al ly
inclu de o nly th o s e i m po rtant c o v e nants that de fi n e a n d fi x t h e d ir e ct ,
T h e f o ll o w in g a r e su gg e st e d as t h e h e a d in g s un d e r w hich t h e d ata
'
b e f o un d d e si rabl e o n d i ff e r e nt class e s o f w o rk :
O u t li n e f or Ag r e em e n ts
1 .Intr o ducti o n o f a g r e e m e nt a n d dat e o f sa m e .
5 Ti
. m e o f b e g innin g a n d c o m p l e ti o n .
6 L iqui dat e d d a m a g e s
. .
7 P ay m e nt
. .
8 G e n e ral p r o visi o ns b o n d e t c
.
, , .
n e ss e s an d ackn o w l e d g m e nt .
D i s cu ssi o n o f Ar t i cl es o f Ag r e e m e n t
1 I n tr o d u c ti o n t o Ag r e e m e n t a n d D a t e o f Sa m e — No s p e ci fi c
.
in u sea m o n g which m ay b e n o t e d t h e f o ll o w in g
a Thi s agr e m e nt m a d a d co ncl u d d t hi s
. e d ay o f
e n e A .
-
D .
by a d b t w n n e ee
b Thi s agre e m nt m a d a d co nc l d e d t h i s
.
“
e ed y of n u . a
by a d b e twee n
n
c This c ntract m a d e a n d c nc lu d d by d b t w e n
.
“
o o e an e e
2 12 Co n t r a c t s
T h e dat e which
a c o ntract w a s m a de o f t e n b e c o m e s o f m uch
on
n fo rm c
“
i m po rtanc e a n d sh o ul d th e r e f o r e b e duly r e c o r de d , I t h e ,
.
1 ”
By d b etw n
an ( o wn r c r p o rat i n o r ag e nt ) o f t h e C i t y o f
ee e ,
o o
C unt y f o Stat e o f
o p art y o f t h e first p art a d ,
n
( c o ntract r c m p an y
o , ag e nt ) o f t h C i t y o f
o or C unt y o f e o
d b e t wee n t h Ma y r A l d r m e n d C o m m o na l t y f t h e C i ty
“
By
‘
.
an e o , f e , an o o
of th e p o w r v e st e d i n t h m b y C h a p t r 4 9 0 f t h e La w s
e e f 1 883 f th State e o o , o e ,
T h e f o ll o w in g e xa m p l e u s e d by t h e Me tr o p o litan W at e r a n d Se w
e ra g e B o ar d d i ff e rs s o m e what i n f o r m f r o m t h e p r e c e d in g :
a
a d th M e tr o p o li tan Wat e r a d S ewe rag e B o ard
n e n
d u ly c o nst i t t d a n d a p p o i nt d un d r a d acc r d i ng t o t h e p r ov i s i o ns
u e , e f e n o o
c hu se t ts o f t h y ar 1 9 01 h r i n act i ng f t h e C mm on we a l t h d wi t h o t
e e , e e or o , an u
p e rs n l li bili t y t o t h m s l v s a d
o a a h e r i na f t r d s i gnat e d as co
e e e ,
n e e e n
tract o r agr e as f o ll o ws e :
”
that
Thi s co ntract i s t o b e r gar d e d as a W i sco ns i n ( o s c h t h e r stat e as e r u o
m a y b e d s i r ed ) c o ntract
e .
”
a p art th e r e o f Fo r e xa m pl e : .
p art i s t o t hi s agr e m nt h r by st i p u l at e t h at t h f ll o w i ng e x
“
Th e e e e e e e o
h i b i t s whi c h a
, attach ed h e r t o e m a d a p art h e r e o f as th oug h wr i tt e n
re e , ar e
h re i n
e
Th a d ve rt i s em nt m ar ke d Exhibi t A
e e .
T h e i nstruct i n t bi d d r m ar k ed Exhibi t B ”
o o e .
T h e f o r m o f p r p os a l m ar k e d Exhibi t C “
o .
T h e g n ra l co n d i t i o n m ar k e d Exhibi t D “
e e .
Th g n e ra l s p c i fi at i o n m ar k e d Exhibi t E
e e e c
“
.
T h e d ta il d s p c i ficat i n m ar k d Exhibi t F “
e e e o e
Th co ntract d ra w i n gs m ar k d Exhibi t G
e e
“
.
Exhibi t G s h a ll co ns i st o f d ra w i ngs d cr ib e d d nu m b e r d as f o ll o ws es an e
a A ll wo r k s h a ll b d n
.
“
d a ll m at r i a l f urn i s h e d i n str i ct c o n f r m
e o e an e o
i t y w i t h a p p n d e d a d v rt i s m nt m ar k d Exhibi t A i nstruc t io ns t o b i d
e e e e e
‘
,
’
m ad e d sa i d m as nr y s h a ll b e b u il t a d a ll gra di ng a d fi lli ng s h a ll b e
an o , n n
d one , d a ll wo r k l a bo r a d m a t e r i a l t o b
an d on
, d f urn i s h e d un d e r t hi s
n e e an
m nt
e .
”
Th e arti cl e in t h e f o r m o f a g r e e m e nt m ay b e e ss e nt i ally as f o l
lo ws
Th c ntract r f urth e r agr e s t b e g i n w o k wi t h i n
e o o d a y s f r om
e o r ,
t h e d at e o f t hi s agr e m nt a n d t o s p r o s c t t h e w o r k t h at i t w ill b e e
e e o e u e n
t i el y
r m p l et d o
co be f r e T h e m a i nt e nanc o f a gr at e r p r gr ss
n or .
o e e e o e
i n t hi s wo r k w hi ch w ill r e s l t i n i ts c m p l t i n w i thi n a s p c i fi d t i m i s
u o e o e e e,
a d t h e tim e
n f c o m p l t i n as stat ed
o e n d d fin d i n t hi s a gr ee m nt an d i n
o a e e e
t h e attac h e d s p e c i ficat i o n .
6 Li q u i d a t e d D a m ag es — Th e liqui d at e d d a m a g e s t o b e p ai d b y
.
fi
o f t h e articl e s in t h e f o r m o f a g r e e m e nt e v e n in cas e s w h e r e t h e g e n ,
as liq u i d at ed d a m ag s t h su m o f e d ll ars p r d y f o e ac h a d e ve r y
e o e a r n
d y t h at h
a d l a y s t h e co m p l e t i o n o f t h
e e e nt i r e w o r k t o b e d o n e un d e r t hi se
liqu i d t d d am ag es v r d a bo v e t h a m o unt t h at wo u l d b t h e r wi s e du e
a e o e an e e o
t h c o ntract o r
e .
7 . P a y m e n t s — T h e p ay m e nts t o b e m a d e un d e r an a g r e e m e nt a r e
f o ll o w in g e xa m p l e s :
(a) F a d i n c o ns i d rat i n o f t h
or n f a i t h f l p e r f o r m anc
e o o f t h e co e u e n
s p e c i ficat i ns d wi t h t h t i p u l at i o ns h r i n c o nta i n ed
o , an e s attac h ed h e r t e e or e o,
p r i c s s e t f o rt h i n t h e f o r m o f p ro p o sa l w hi c h i s m ar k d Exhibi t C “ ”
e ,d e an
attach d h r t a d m ad
e e e o n p art h e r o f e Sa i d p a y m ent s s h ll b e m d e i n
a e . a a
( b ) Fo d i n c o ns i d rat i o n o f t h
r an f a i t h f u l p r f r m anc e
e f t hi s e e o o con
See a l s o Paragra p h M , Se c 1 5 3
. .
2 l6 C o n t ra c t s
atta ch d h r t o
h i b it s e e e , art y o f t h first p art agr e s t p y t t h p art y
th e p e e o a o e
o f t h e s c o n d p art i n
e , t h e m ann e r a d at t h t i m s h r a f t r e t f rt h n d
n e e e e e s o , a
at t h e rat s m nt i o n d
e e e an d d scr ib d i n t h
e f ll w i ng s h d u l o f un i t p r i
e e o o c e e c es ,
t o wi t
S CH E DU E
U NIT P I C E S L or R
It m e C l ass
o f Quant i t y Un i t Un i t Pr i ce
8 P r
. o v is i o n s f o r B o n d e t a — T h e p r o visi o ns
,
f o r b o n d a r e s o m e
ti m e s inclu de d un d e r p ara g ra p h 3 as sh o w n i n t h e e xa m p l e s g iv e n ,
t h e f o r m o f a g r e e m e nt e ss e ntially as f o ll o w s : ,
p art , and t on eb d li v r e d t o t h e c h i f
o e e ng i n e r
e e e e .
s m of
u d ll ars f oth f a i t h f u l p r f r m anc e o f t h
or e w rk d in th e o e o an e
f o r m p r v i d e d f o t h at p ur p s e a d i t i s agr e d t h at t hi s c ntract s h ll b
o r o , n e o a e
9 F i
. n a l C l a u s e a n d S i g n a t u r es — In t h e fi nal claus e s a n d si g na
“
I n w i tne ss w h r e o f t h p art i s t t h e s e p r e s ents h ave h e r unto t
e e e o e se
fi nal claus e sh o ul d b e as f o ll o w s :
I n w i tn ss wh e r eo f t h e p art i s t o t h s e p r s ents h ave h reunt o se t
e e e e e
t h e i r h an d s a n d s e a l s t hi s d y of A D 19 a . .
G e n e r a l C o n di t i o n s o f the C o n t ra c t
F . T o p r o vi de f o r e m e r g e nci e s .
H T o m o d i f y m e th o d s
. an d e qui p m e nt .
I . r e tain i m p e r f e ct wo rk
To .
I Arbitrati o n
. .
P ric e s a n d P ay m e nts .
A E sti m at e s a n d p ay m e nts
. .
B D e lay e d p ay m e nts
. .
C E xtra wo rk
. .
D Co ntract p ric e s
. .
E B o n d an d su r e ti e s
. .
F G uarant e e s
. .
Co ntract o r s R e s po nsibiliti e s
’
.
C Co ntract o r s a d d r e ss
’
. .
E Co m p lianc e w ith la w s
. .
F P r o t e cti o n a g ainst n e g li g e nc e a n d d a m a g e
. .
1 Assi g n m e nt
. .
lay e d o r vi o lat e d .
K Ti m e a n d o r d e r o f c o m p l e ti o n
. .
L R at e o f p r o g r e ss
. .
M L iqui dat e d da m a g e s
.
Co n d u ct o f W o rk .
A T o k e e p p lans a n d s p e c i fi cati o ns o n t h e wo rk
. .
B C haract e r o f e m p l o y e e s
. .
C Su stain al l l o ss e s a n d da m a g e s
. .
D T o p r o t e ct wo rk
. .
E H i n d ranc e s a n d d e lays
. .
F T o r e m e dy de f e ctiv e w o rk
. .
G Co nstructi o n p lant
. .
A S anitati o n
. .
B Int o xicants
. .
C Ca m p s
. .
D e fi n it i o n s 2l9
D e fi n i ti o n s
1 48 . .
I n t er pr et a t i o n o f P h r a s es a n d D e fi n i t i o n s o r O t h e r Sim il ar Ti t l e .
“
o f t h e F irst P art P arty o f t h e Se c o n d P art En g i
“
Co ntract o r
” “ ”
, ,
C hi e f E n g in ee r
“
n ee r ,
” “
Ins p e ct o r O wn e r Co m p any C ity ,
” “
,
” “
,
”
, ,
”
o f e ach titl e o r t e rm s as f o l l o w s
W h e n eve r t h w r d ( s )
“
th xp r ss i o n Part y o f t h F i rst
e o or e e e
‘
e
Part ’
Fi rst Part y a e s d i n t hi s c o ntract i t s h a ll b n d rst o o d as
or
‘ ’
r u e , e u e
r f rr i ng t
e e ( h r d scr ib e t h p rs n c o m p n y
o c o r p rat i n nt r
e e e e e o , a or o o e e
i ng i nt t h c ntract t h av t h sa m p r f r m d )
o e o o e e e e o e
W h n v r t h e w r d c o ntr ct o r
“
e e e th xp r ss i ns Part y f t h e Se c
o
‘
a
’
or e e e o
‘
o
on d Part S c o n d Part y,
’
or us d i t s h a ll b e un d rs t o d t m an t h p
‘
e ,
’
a re e e o o e e er
s o np rs ns c p artn rs hi p
e o c o r p rat i n wh o h as agr e d t o p r f r m t hi s
o e or o o e e o
-
, ,
c ntract
o t o hi s t h i r l e ga l r p r e ntat i v es
or or e e es .
W h e n v r t h wo r d Eng i n r i s us d i n t hi s c o ntract i t s h a ll b
“
e e e
‘
ee
’
e e un
d s t o d as r f rr i ng t
er o th C hi f Eng i n r f t h p art y f t h first p a r t o
e e o e e ee o e o e , r
su c h t h r ng i n r su p r i nt n d nt
o e e i ns p ct r as m y b aut h r iz d by
ee , e e e or e o a e o e
W h n v r t h w r d s D i r ct d R qu i r d P r mi tt d Or d r e d D
e e e e o
‘
e e ,
’ ‘
e e ,
’ ‘
e e ,
’ ‘
e ,
’ ‘
es
ig t d
na e C s i d r d N ec ss r y Pr scr i b e d r w r d s o f li k i m p o rt
,
’ ‘
on e e e a ,
’ ‘
e ,
’
o o e a re
u s ed i t s h a ll b un d rst d t h at t h d i r ct i n r eq i r m nt p r m i ss i n o
, e e oo e e o ,
u e e , e o , r
, e e , e e, , or o o e
i m p rt s h a ll m an a p p r v d by
o ,
acc p ta bl e s t i s f act r y t t h Eng i o e , or e e or a o o, e
n r ee .
”
1 49 R i g h ts an d R eSp o n s ib i l i t i e s o f O wn e r
. .
A I n spec t i o n a n d Su pervi s i o n —
. U nl e ss t h e o wn e r i s w illin g t o .
T h e r e t e nti o n o f t h e c o ntr o l o f m e n a n d m e th o d by t h e o w n e r d e ~
Ag e nt
” 2
.
Th e o w n e r m a y d i r e ct as t o t h e r e sult o f t h e un de rtaki n g a n d m ay ,
2 Ibi d S cs 6 5 3 t o 65 9
, e . an d S e cs 66 5 t 6 66 . o .
2 20 G e n e r a l C o n di t i o n s o f the Co n t ra c t
in g t h e wo rk He m a v de l e g at e t h e d ir e cti o n an d su p e rvisi o n o f t h e
.
d e si r e d t o fi x t h e r e sp o n sib i l it v f o r t h e c o n d uct o f t h e w o rk a n d f o r
t h e r e sults o f t h e sa m e o n t h e c o ntract o r ,
?
p art s h a ll b d i s h r by aut h r iz e d t
e, an a p p i nt f r o m t i m t o t i m suc h
e e o o o e e
e ng i n r s p r i nt n d nt
ee , i ns p ct o r as t h e sa i d first p a t y m y d ee m
u e e e or e r a
p r p r t o i n p ct t h
o e m at r i l t b f rn i h d
s e d th e w r k t b d ne h e a o e u s e an e o o e o u ~
pe i t r n d t o
en i ns p ct r f o t h p r o p e r i ns p ct i n d x m i nat i n o f t h
en r e o r e e o an e a o e
wo r k n d a ll p arts o f t h
a m Th c o ntracto r sh a ll r e gar d d b y t h
e sa e . e an o e e
d i r ct i o ns
e d i nstruct i ns o f an y e ng i n r su p r i nt e n d nt o
an
. o i ns p ct r s o ee , e e r e o
a p p i nt d wh n t h sa m
o e c ns i t e nt w i t h t h o bli gat i ns o f t hi s agr
e e e are o s e o ee
d i t l y ap p a l t
a e th C hi f Eng i n r f o r hi s d c i s i o n a d s h a ll r s p ct suc h
e o e e ee e , n e e
d c i s i n wh n s
e o r nd r d e o e e e .
B R ig h t o f Ac c ess a n d C o l la t er a l Wor k —
. U nl e ss o th e r w is e p ro .
in t h e a g r e em e nt t o r e tai n this ri g ht .
3 Ibi d S e cs 66 0t o
, . 66 4 .
4 Ibi d S c 66 7 , e . .
222 G e n e r a l C o n di t i o n s o f t h e C o n t ra c t
b e as s m all as sa f e ty w ill p e r m it an d sh o ul d s e l d o m e xc e e d 2 5 p e r c e nt .
f r m d i m e ns i o ns p l an o m at r i a l
o , f t h e w r k h r i n c nt m p l at d
, r an y e o o e e o e e , or
p art t h e r o f i t h r b e f re
e a f t r t h e c o m m nce m ent f t h c nstruct i o n
, e e o or e e o e o .
s h a ll t xc d t w nt y fi ve p c e nt
no e ee f th
e st i m t d a m unts
-
er . o e e a e o on
whi c h t h bi d s we r e c m p ar e d
e d t h at i f an y c h ang e s o e m ad t xc e ed, an ar e o e
m a d e t h e r ef o r e .
t h at m a y b d i sp ns d wi t h If t h y i ncr as t h a m nt f w o r k suc h i
e e e . e e e e ou o , h
l ss y w r k a l r a d y d n
e an o m at e r i a l a l r e a d y f rn i s h e d o us e d i n sa i d
e o e or u r
u n l ss i t i s r d r d i n w r i t i ng b y t h C hi f Eng i n r a d n d rs d by
e o e e e e ee n e o e
d w i t h t h e agr e e d p r i c e f
an th e s m sp cifi d i n s i d rd er p o or a e e e a o , r
v i d d sa i d p r i c
e i s t t h r w i s e d t e r m i n d by t hi s c ntract A ll c l a i m s
e no o e e e o .
for e a e e o e
7 Wa i t Eng i n e r i ng
, e an d Arc hi te ctura l Jur i s p ru d nc e e, s ecs . 225 to 235 .
R i gh t s an d R e s p o n s ib i li t i e s 3
i m p li d i nc l d d i n an y i t m f t h co ntract s h a ll b e d o n
e as u e d f urn i s h d e o e ,
e an e
by t h c o ntract o r w i t h ut a d d i t i na l c h arg e t h e r f r
e o o e o .
c re p a n c ie s .
c o ntract o rs sh o ul d r e f us e t o b id u p o n t h e sa m e i f t h e e n g in e e r i s e m
p o we r e d by t h e c o ntract t o d e t e r m in e d iscr e p anci e s a n d r e qu i r e o m i s
s i o ns t o b e f urnish e d at his d iscr e ti o n a n d w ith o ut arbit rati o n .
D is
“
pa i cr e S h u l d t h r b e an y d is cr p ancy b t w n p l ans d s p c
n c es : o e e e e ee an e
i d at i o ns f r t h wo r k h r i n p ec i fi ed t h ng i n r s h a ll d fine w hi c h i s
e o e e e s , e e ee e
i nt n d d t ap p ly t t h w r k i n h an d d t h e c ntract o r s h a ll b b oun d by
e e o o e o , an o e
suc h d c is i n e o .
”
Om i i o : An y w r k
ss ns m at r i a l t h r i n s p c i fi d b t w hi c h m y
o or e no e e e e u a
b e f a i r ly i m p li ed as i nc l u d d i n t h c ntract f w hi c h t h C hi f E ngi n r e e o , o e e ee
s h a ll b t h j u d g s h a ll b d o n by t h c ntract r w i t h ut xtra c h rg
e e e, e e e o o o e a e .
t n d e d t o b suffic i nt t o s h w a ll w r k t b e d n
e e e d m t rial t be f
o o
‘
o o e an a e o ur
t o b e d on d f urn i s h d un d r t hi s c ntract
e an a p p r xi m at a d
e to b
e o are o e n are e
us e d o n ly as a b as i s f st i m at i ng t h p r o b a bl c st f t h w r k d f
or e m e e o o e o an o r co
p ar i ng t h p r p o sa l s o ff r d f
e o th wo r k a un i f r m bas i s I t i un d r
e e or e , on o . s e
b e f urn i s h d n d r t hi s c ntract m y d i ff r s m wh at f r o m t h s st i m at s
e , u e o a e o e e e e e ,
a m ount f suc h w r k d m at r i a l d n
o d f urn is h d
o an e o e an e .
p at d p r o fits
e t h r wi s oracc nt o f an y d i ff r nc s w hi c h m y b f o nd
o e e on ou e e e a e u
c or d ce w i t h t h e b
an t p ract i c a d i n t h v ent f an y d i scr p an i s b
es e, n e e o e c e e
224 G e n e r a l C o n di t i o n s o f t h e Co n t ra c t
e ng i n r s h a ll d fin w hi c h i s i nt e n d ed t o ap p ly t o t h e w rk
ee e e d th e c o , an on
tract r s h a ll b b un d by suc h d c i s i n An y w o r k o m at e r i a l o t h o wn
o e o e o . r n s
i m p li d i nc l d d i n an y i t m f t h e c ntract s h all b e d o n
e as u e d f urn i s h d
e o o , e an e
by t h c o ntract o r w i t h o ut a d d i t i o na l ch arg t h r f r
e e e e o .
E P r o pe r t y M a t er ia l e t c
. t o b e Fu r n is h e d b y F i r s t P ar ty
, , ,
.
,
.
scrib e d i h t h e g e n e ra l co n d i t i o n s .
t i n f o b rr w p i t s f wa t d u m p s f cam p s i t s d f acc ss t t h
o , r o o , or s e ,
or e an or e o e
work
I n cas f s r i us d l a y s i n t h ac qu i s i t i
e o e o f th n c ssar y l and f t hi s
e e on o e e e or
c m p nsat t h r e f o r T h c o ntract r s h a ll h av
o e e e . c m p nsat i n f m i n o r
e o e no o e o or
d lay s
e i nt rr p t i n c us d b y t h f il ur t o s c r s ch l an d b t s h a ll
or e u o a e e a e e u e u u re
1 5 0 Au th o ri ty o f t h e E n g in e e r
. .
i n ee r a n d f r e qu e ntly t h e d e cisi o ns o f t h e C hi e f E n g in e e r a r e m a de
g ,
su b j e ct t o a d j ust m e nt by a b o ar d o f arbitrati o n No a g r e e m e nt o n .
Mutua li t y i s t h ss nc f va li d c o ntract a d t hi s m s t xi st n o t
8 e e e e o a n u e
tract Th at i s
. r y bli g t i n r st i ng e v
ep art y m st b i n c n i d ra
o a o e on on e u e o s e
ti n of a p rom s
o act o f t h t h r p art y N i t h r p art y i s b o n d un l ess
i e or e o e . e e u
b oth b nd
are ou .
If t h f, , th ng i n e r i s m a d t h e ar bi trat r o f t h c ntr ct
e r e o r e, e e th e e o e o a on e
a l s o p r o v i d s t h at t h first p arty i s a l s o b o n d by hi s d c i i n
e e u e s o .
2 26 G e n e ra l Co n di t i o n s o f t h e Co n t ra c t
A S u per vis i o n
. D i r e ct i o n o f Wo r k —Th e f uncti o n o f t h e e n
and .
ti o ns a n d c o ntract T h e ri g ht o f d ir e cti o n r e s e rv e d t o t h e e n g in ee r
.
T h e c o m m o n s p e ci fi cati o n that
“
t h e wo rk . Th e wo rk m ust b e co m ,
ri g ht o f t h e e n g in ee r t o chan g e thi s o r de r sh o ul d b e li m it e d t o c o n d i
ti o ns wh e r e c o ntin g e nci e s m a v aris e that cl e arly m ak e such a chan g e
n e c e ssary .
t h at t h e ng i n e r h a ll sup rv i se d d i r ect a ll w o r k i nc lu d ed h r i n T o
e e s e an e e .
p r v e nt a ll d i s p ut s
e d t o d i sc o urag li t i gat i o n i t i s f urt h r agr e d by a d
e an e , e e n
a d h e s h a ll d e t r m i n
n a ll qu st i o ns i n r e l t i n t sa i d w r k d t h o
e e e a o o o an e c n
s tru t i n t h r e o f
c o d h e s h a ll i n a ll c s s ar bi trat
e , an v r y q u st i n w hi c h a e e e e e o
m y ar i s r l at i v t t h
a e xe cut i o n f t hi s c ntract
e e o t h e p art o f sa i d
e e o o on co n
tract o r d hi s e st i m at e a d fin d i ngs s h a ll b e t h
, an c o n d i t i n p r c e d nt t o
n e o e e
th e r i g h t o f t h e p art y o f t h s c nd p art t an y a t i n th
e c ntr ct d
e o o c o on e o a an
t o an y r i g h t t o r c i v e an y m o n e y un d r t hi s c ntract
s e e e o .
D r a t i on o f wor k W h e n v e r i t i s n c ss ar y i n r d r t o assur t h
“
u : e saf e e , o e e e e
an d p r p r c n truct i o n o f t h
o e o wo r k t h
s ng i n r s h a ll d t r m i n t h t i m
e ,
e e ee e e e e es
an d s as ns e d t h e ord r
o f p r c d nc
an nd r w hi c h t h wo r k s h a ll b e
e o e e e e u e e
or b y i t s w f o rc e t h e
o ng i n r m y d i r ct t h m ann r o f c o n truc t i ng
n ,
e ee a e e e s
t h e w r k d o n e un d e r t hi s c ntract i n o r d r t h at c o n fli cts m y b
o o avo i d e d
,
e a e
a d th
n var i us w r k s b i ng d o n e f t h p art y f t h first p art m y b
e o o e or e o e a e
h ar m o n iz d e .
”
wo r d e ng i n r s h a ll m an t h chi f ng i n r o f t h e p a r t y f t h e
“ ‘ ’
Th e ee e e e e ee o
s i gn d t t h m
e o e .
C I n spe ct i o n — Ca r e sh o ul d b e e x e rcis e d by en g in e e rs in
. .
t o p r o vi d e a p e r m an e nt r e c o r d a n d f o r f r e qu e nt r e f e r e nc e T h e in .
p e r i e n ce h e d o e s n o t p o ss e ss a n d a c o ns e qu e nt f ailu r e t o m ak e me c e s
sary inqui ri e s w ill r e sult in unsatis f act o ry s e rvic e a n d f r e qu e ntly in
t h e l o ss o f p o siti o n .
gar d d as d p t y e ng i n rs b t t h i r d ut i s s h ll b t o r po rt t t h
e e u ee , u e e a e e o e en
g i e r s i n c h arg an y d e v i at i o n f r o m t h
n e e s p ec i ficat i ns a d w h n n c s sar y e o , n e e e
c nc rn i ng an y d i s p ut d q u st i on
o e e e .
A ll d e c i s i o ns r gar d i ng t h e c h aract r f w o k t b e d n
e m at r i a l t o e o
'
r o o e or e
b e f urn i s h d o t h e i nt r p r e tat i o n f t h s p c i fic t i o ns h a ll b r f e rr e d t
r e e o e e a , s e e o
th e ngi n r i n h g
e ee d th
c ar i nsp ec t o rs s h a ll m a k
e, , an e c h ang s r d v i a e no e o e
t i ons f r m t h sp c i ficat i o ns
o e e a ll o wanc s f an y ki n d w i t h ut wr i tte n
or e o , o an
to b a b s nt f r m t h w o r k f
e e o c o ns i d ra bl t i m
e d i t b com n c ry
or a e e e an e es e e ss a
to d l gat e e hi s aut h o r i t y d ur i ng hi s a b s e nc t an y
e f sa i d i ns p ct o rs e o on e o e ,
sa i d i ns p ct r s h a ll b e a p p o i nt d i n wr i t i ng d s c h aut h o r i t y s h a ll c ease
o e e an u
wi th t n t i c o t h r turn o f t h ng i n r
ou o e n e e e e ee .
D L i n es a n d G r a des
. .
A ll li n s d gra d s s h a ll b f urn i s h d by t h e ng i ne r b t t h
“
e an e e e e e u e c on
as b r i f as p ract i ca bl e a d t h c o ntract o r s h a ll b a ll we d
e n e xtra c m p e e o no o en
sat i o n t h r f r T h e c o ntract r s h a ll g i v t h e ng i n r am p l n t i ce f t h
e e o . o e e ee e o o e
t im e d p l ac w h e r e li n s
an e d gra d e s w ill b n ed d A ll stak m ar k s
e an e e e . es, ,
b e r p l ac e d by t h e e ng i n r at t h e c ontract o r s exp e ns ’ ”
e ee e .
t e nts t h n m b r a d w i g h t nly s h a ll b e c o ns i d r d un l ss o t h e rw i s e
, e u e n e o e e , e
s p ec i fica lly p r ov i d d e .
”
a pp li e d by t h e e n g in e e r a n d m o r e e asily a pp li e d b t h e c o ntract o r wh o
, y
c i fi ca l l y so stat e d .
m ay a m n d o c rr ct an y rr o rs
e r o m i ss i o n i n t h e d ra w i ngs o r
o e p c i fic
e or s e a
t i o ns w h e n suc h a m e n d m nt c rr ct i n i s n c ssar y t b r i ng o t t h e e or o e o e e o u
m an i ng
e d i nt e nt whi c h i s c l ar ly i n d i cat e d by a r aso na bl e i nt r p r t a t i o n
an e e e e
of th sa m e e .
li f e a n d p r o p e rty m a y a ris e o r w h e r e t h e w e l f a r e o f t h e w o rk m ay de ,
cauti o ns i s v e ry e ss e ntial .
Em
“
g e oi e W h n ev r i n t h o p i n i n f t h e ng i n r t h c ntract r
er n s: e e , e o o e ee , e o o
h as t ta k n su ffi c i nt p r cau t i n f t h a f t y o f t h p u bli c o t h p
no e e e o or e s e e r e ro
te c t i n f t h wo r k t o b c nstruct e d un d e r t hi s c ntract o o f a d j c nt
o o e s e o o , r a e
structur s o p r p rt y w hi c h m y b e i nj ur d by p r oc ss s f c nstru t i n
e r o e a e e e o o c o
an m rg e nc y s h a ll ar i s
e e d i m m d i at act i o n s h a ll b c ns i d r ed ec
e an e e e o e n es
sa r y i n r d r t o p r t ct p u bli c
o e p r i vat p e rs o na l
o e p ro p rt y i nt r e sts or e, or e e ,
t h e n d i n t h at ev nt t h sa i d ng i n e r w i t h r w i t h ut n o t i c e t sa i d co
, an e , e e e , o o o n
w rk t b
o d ono d m at r i a l t o b f rn i s h d
e e an d p l ac d as s h ll f e ish e u e an e a u rn
suc h p r t ct i o n as sa i d e ng i n r m y c ns i d e r n c ssar y d a d qu t
o e ee a o e e an e a e .
Th c t d xp ns e f suc h wo r k d m at r i a l o f rn i s h d s h a ll
e os an e e o an e s u e ,
b b rn by sa i d c o ntract o r
e o e d i f t h e sa m s h a ll o t b e p ai d p r s e t at i n
, an e n on e n o
d ue w hi c h m y b c m d
or sa i d c ontract r
a e o e ue o .
p r f o r m anc f s uc h m rg e nc y w r k un d e r t h e d i r ect i o n o f t h e
“
Th e e e o e e o
e ng i n r s h a ll i n
ee w y r li v t h c ntract r f r m a y d am ag w hi c h
no a e e e e o o o n es
m y a cc r d uri ng
o ua f t r s i d p r caut i n h a b n d u ly ta k n b y sa i d
or e a e o s ee e eh
g i n eer .
H P r e l i m i n a r y Appr o va l — VVh e r e
. vari o us assistants an d ins p e ct .
No
“
ng i n r su p r i nt e n d ent o i ns p ct r s h a ll have an y p o w r t
e ee , e r e o e o
o f g d m at r i a l
oo d f h i s p e r f r m i ng g o d w r k as h r i n d scr i b e d i n
e an o o o o e e e
f ll acc r d anc
u w ith t h
o p l ans d s p e c i fic t i o ns
e N f a il ur e oem i ss i n an a . o r o o
of an y e ng i n r sup r i nt n d nt ee i ns p cto r t o c n d m n an y d t ec t i v
, e e e or e o e e e
t ar o t r m ov e a d p r p r ly r p l ac e t h s am at an y t i m u p n t h d i
e u , e , n o e e e e e o e s
y o f sa i d d f ct i v w rk m at r i a l
”
co v er e e e o or e .
R i g h t t o M o di f y Me t h o d s a d E q u i p m e n t : I f at an y t i m t h e m eth d s
“
n e o
o r e q u i p m nt us d by t h
e c o ntract o r a e f und t b e un a f e o i na d e q uat e
e e r o o s r
for s cur i ng t h e sa f t y o f t h w r k m n
e e o t h e r p e rs ns w h o m y b e e
e o e or o a n
d ang r e d t h r by o
e t o s cur
e e th
, qua li t y f w r k o r t h e r t e o f p ro gr es s
r e e e o o a
r qu i r d un d e r t hi s c o ntract t h e ng i ne r m y o r d r t h c ntracto r t i
e e , e e a e e o o n
cr as e t h i r s a f e t y o t i m p r ov t h i r c h aract r a d ffic i nc y
e e r o ed th e e e n e e , an
c o ntract r s h a ll c m p ly w i t h suc h o r d rs
o o e .
I f at an y t i m e t h e w r ki ng f o rc e o f t h c ntract i s i na d q uat e f o r
“
o e o e
i ncr s e hi s f o rc r qu i p m nt r b o t h t suc h an xt e nt
ea e o e e t, g i ve
o , o e as o rea
“
Th f a il ur o f t h
e ng i n e r t m a k uc h d m an d s h a ll o t r li v t h
e e e e o e s e s n e e e e
J R i h t t o R e t a i n I m p f
e r e c t W o r k — Th e c o ntract usually p o
r
.
g .
y p art o
an p rt i o n o f t h w r k d n e o m at r i a l f rn i h d un d e r
r o e o o r e u s e
s p c i ficat i ns a d i f t h e i m p r f ct i o n i n t h e sa m s h a ll ot b f su ffic i nt
e o , n -
e e e n e o e
m agn i t d e o r i m p rtanc as t o m k t h
u o w o r k d ang r u s o un d s i ra bl
e a e e e o r e e,
or i f t h e r m o va l o f suc h w r k w ill cr at
e c o n d i t i o ns w hi c h e d ang r us
o e e ar e o
m y b j ust a d r e as o na bl e
a e n .
232 G e n e r a l C o n di t i o n s o f the C o n t ra c t
K Ar b i t r a t io n — O n e
. s e ri o u s unc e rtainti e s in e sti m atin g t h e
of the
a b i d i s m a de un de r an e n g in ee r wh o i s unkn o w n o r un de r an e n g in e e r
wh o is y o un g a n d in e x p e ri e nc e d t h e unc e rtainti e s b e c o m e q u it e s e ri o u s ,
In m o st wo rk it i s e ss e ntial that t h e wo rk sh o ul d p r o c ee d an d it ,
-
t e rs o f m o m e nt w h e r e s e ri o us d i ff e r e nc e s m ay aris e b e t we e n t h e c o n
‘
t i a l ly as f o ll o w s
“
E gi ne D nei io s r s
’
Th ng i n r s h a ll w i t hi n a r as o bl e t i m
ec s n : e e ee , e na e,
d ec i d a ll q st i ns
e ue c l a i m s f e i t h e r p art y t t hi s c o ntract d a l l m t
o or o o an a
t e r s r e l at i ng t o t h x c t i o n d p r gr s o f t h e wo r k
e e e u th i nt r p r ta
an o es or e e e ‘
Un l e ss o t h r w i s e p r ov i d d a ll t h e ng i n r s d c i i o ns s h a ll b e b
“
e e , e ee
’
e s su
j e t t ar bi tr t i o n
c o a .
”
of ei t h r p art y t o t hi s c o ntr ct T h g e n r l p r c d r s h a ll c n f r m t o
e a . e e a o e u e o o
th e l w s f t h e st t i n w hi c h t h w r k li s ; d w h r v r p r m i tt d by
a o a e e o e an e e e e e
l w t h d c i s i o n o f t h e ar bi t rs m y b fi l e d i n c urt t carr y i t i nt o ff ct
a , e e e a e o o e e .
I f t h e e ng i n r f a il s t o m a k e a d c i s i n wi t hi n s r as n bl e t i m an
“
ee e o ~
e o a e,
a p p a l t o ar bi trat i n m y b t k n as i f hi s d i s i o n h d b n r n d r d
e o a e a e , ec a ee e e e
i n wr i t i ng wi t hi n t d a y s t h e r f t r ; d i n o cas l at r t h an t h t i m f
en ea e an n e e e e o
fina l p a ym e nt .
Th p art i e s m y agr
e p o n o e ar bi t r
a ot h r w i e t h r
ee s h a ll b
u n e , e s e e e
t h r e o nam d i n w r i t i ng by e ac h p art y t hi r d c h o s n by t h
.
e: ne e d th , an e e e
t w o ar bi t rs s l ct d ; o i f t h ar bi t rs f a il t e l ct a t hi r d wi t hi n t n
e so e e e r e e o e e
G e n e ra l C o n d i t i o n s o f the Co n t ra c t
p art y r e ta i n a c rta i n p r p o rt i n f sa m e as l s wh r p r ov i d e d f o r p o
to e o o o e e e e r
o th r w i s
e d xc p t i ng a l s an y a m nt r ta i n d as a guarant f t h
e, an e e o ou e e ee or e
f o r f i tur
"
e e .
B . D e la y e d P ay m e n ts .
c e nt p e annu m f o t h p r i o d f suc h d e l a y T h t e r m f w hi c h sa i d
. r r e e o . e or
i nt r st s h a ll b e p a i d s h a ll i n t h cas f p r gr es st i m t s d at f r m t h
e e , e e o o s e a e , e o e
l ot h d y a f t e r t h
a d at f sa i d st i m at e t o t h e d at o f p a y m nt
e e o f th e st i e , e e o e
m at e,a d i n t h e cas
n of t h fin l e st i m at e f r m t hi rt y d a ys a f t r t h fi li ng
e e a o e e
of t h fina l e st i m at
e e .
I f i nt r st s h a ll b c m e d an y p r o gr ss st i m at t h a m o unt
“
e e o e o ue n e e e, e
t h e r e o f s h a ll b e a dd d t o t h succ e d i ng st i m at e ; d i f i nt e r st s h a ll b e
e e e e an e
p a i d t h r wi th e by a s p c i a l v uc h r wi t hi n f urt ee n d a y s t h e r ea f t e r T h e
e or e o e o .
c ntract r h l l o t b e nt i t l d t i nt r e st
o o s a n an y m o s m s whi c h by t h e
e e o e on su r u
an y c l a i m s o f t h c ntract r f a ll g d d a m ag s f o b r ac h o f c ntract o
e o o or e e e , r e o , r
C E x t ra
. Wor k .
T h e ab o v e is qu it e a co m m o n f o r m o f s p e ci fi cati o n f o r e xtra w o rk ,
but i s o bj e cti o nabl e 011 acc o unt o f its f ailur e t o de fi n e w hat i s m eant
by actual c o st T h e act u al c o st o f a p i e c e o f wo rk w ill o f n e c e ssity
.
”
wo rk ti m e k e e p e rs a n d o th e r salari e s a n d t h e c o st o r at l e ast t h e d e
, ,
m ak e u p t h e actual c o st o f t h is w o rk wh e th e r o r d i n a rv o r e xt r a o r
,
a r e inclu d e d t h e t e n o r fi f t ee n pe r c e nt all o we d t o c o v e r p r o fi t an d
, .
pa y r o ll ; an d t h e c o st o f f o r e m an sp e c i a l l v o n d i ffi cu l t w o rk
,
e m ay ,
all o we d f o r g e n e ral e x pe ns e s an d p ro fi t
In o r de r that all e xtra w o rk m ay b e p r o p e rly ch e ck e d it is de si r ,
E xt W k I f d r i ng t h e p r f o r m nc
ra or : f t hi c ntract t h e e ng i n e r
u e a e o s o e
s h a ll o r d r i n w r i t i ng o t h r w r k d o n
e m at r i a l s f rn i s h d w hi c h i n hi s
e o e or e u e
o p i n i n cann o t b e c l ss i fi d un d r t h
o ni t p ric a f t h i s c ntract t h
e e e u es o o ,
e co n
tract r s h a ll d
o d p e r f o r m suc h w r ko an d f rn i s h suc h m at r i a l d s h a ll o an u e an
b e p a i d th ref r t h actua l c o st t h r o f p l s fi f t n p ce nt i n a d d i t i n ’
e o e . e e u ee er . o
t h r t o T h actua l c o t i s h r by d fin d t i nc l u d t h c st o f a ll l a b o r
e e . e s e e e e o e e o
‘
a d m at r i l s n e c ssar y f
n e a t h e p r f r m anc o f t h
e e xtra w o r k i nc l u d i ng an y
or e o e e ,
f r m n
o e d th e
e xp e n s at t ac h d t c ntract o r s li a bili t y i nsuranc e cc v
an e se e o o
’
e r i ng t h e l a b r o m p l y e d o s e o .
N o a ll o wanc s h a ll b e m a d f v r h a d ch arg s g n ra l s p i
e e or o e e e , e e u er n
t n d nce g e n e ra l xp ns s c o nt i ng nc i s o se a d d p r c i at i n o f t h e
e e , e e e ,
e e , r u n e e o
t h e c ntract r s ca m p
o ffic o n l ss s ch ca m p
’
or ffic b m a i nta i n d
o e, u e u or o e e e
c h arg s e .
”
d Mat e r i a l o C m m i ssar y C l e r k s
”
ers an r o .
D P ce fo r ” o r k — T h e p ri c e s b i d by t h e c o ntract o r f o r t h e c o n
r i .
f
in g t h e p r ic e s na m e d in t h e b i d d i r e ctly in t h e a g r e em e nt .
I n c o ns i d rat i n o f t h f urn i hi ng f t h m t r i a l d t h e c m p l t i n
“
e o e s o e a e an o e o
o f a ll w o r k by t h sa i d p art y f t h s c nd p art e d o th c m p l ti n f o e e o , an n e o e o o
a ll w r k a d f t h d e li v r y f a ll m at r i a l m b rac d i n t hi s c ntract i n
o n o e e o e e e o
2 38 G e n e r a l C o n d it i o n s o f th e C o n t ra c t
sa i d c o ntract r f urt h e r agr s t h at t h a i d c i t y s h all b e a d i s
Th e o ee e s n
h r by aut h r iz d t r ta i n o t f t h e m on y p a y a bl e t t h e c o ntract or
e e o e o e u o e o
un d r t hi s agr m nt t h e m f fi v p e c nt o f t h e a m o unt o f th i s co
e ee e , su o e r e . n
tract d t o xp en d t h sa m i n t h e m ann r h r e i na f t r p r ov i d d f i n
an e e e e e e e or
m a k i ng suc h r p a i rs o th li n f sa i d w r k as t h ng i n e r m y d e m
e n e e o o e e e a e
a p e i d o f s i x m nt h s f r o m t h d at o f t h fina l c m p l t i n o f t h e w r k
r o
'
o e e e o e o o
c nt m p l at d i n t hi s c o ntract an y p art o f sa i d wo r k s h a ll i n t h o p i n i o n
o e e , , e
of th sa i d e ng i n r r qu i r e r p a i r i ng a d sa i d ng i n r sh a ll n o t i f y t h
e ee e e , n e ee e
c o ntract r i n p rs n o by m a il t m a k t h r p a i rs
e o r qu i r d
or d t h at o e e e so e e , an
i f th sa i d c o ntract r s h a ll n g l ct t o m a k suc h r p a i rs t o t h e sa t i s f a ct i o n
e o e e e e ,
o f t h e sa i d ng i n r w i t hi n t h r e d a y s a f t r g i v i ng o m a ili ng suc h n o t i c
e ee , e e r e
to th sa i d c ntract o r hi s ag nt o att o rn y t h n t h sa i d ng i n e er s h a ll
e o , e r e , e e e
h av t h r i g h t t o m p l y suc h o t h e r p rs o n o p rs ns as m y b e d ee m d
e e e o e r e o a e
p rop r t m a k t h c h ang ;
e o d th sa i d p art y o f t h first p art s h a ll p y t h
e e e an e e a e
e xp ns t h r f
e e t f th s m r t ai n d f
e eo ,
t h e p ur p s
ou by i t
o b f or e u e e or o e, , as e e
m nt i n e d
e oA d t h e sa i d c i t y f urt h e r agr ee s u p n t h
. n xp i rat i n f t h e o e e o o
sa i d p r i o d o f s i x m nt h s p r v i d d t h at t h e sa i d w o r k s h a ll at t h at t i m e
e o , o e
b e in g d r d r t h at t h sa i d c ntract o r s h ll b nt i t l d t o r c i v t h
oo o e , e o a e e e e e e e
wh o l esuc h p art f t h s m l a t a f o r sa i d
or m y r m ai n af ter t h
o x e u s e as a e e e
p nse f m a ki ng sa i d r p a i rs i n t h e m ann r
e o f o r sa i d s h a ll h av e b e n p a i d
e e a e e
t h r f r om
e e .
”
1 52 F o rm o f B o n d —T h e f o l l o w i n g f o r m o f b o n d h a s b e e n
.
a d o p t e d by t h e B o ar d o f D i r e ct o rs o f t h e M ia m i Co ns e rvancy District
in c o nn e cti o n w ith t h e e xt e nsiv e fl o o d p r o t e cti o n w o rk w hich is s o o n
t o b e un d e rtak e n al o n g t h e M ia m i R iv e r " .
B O ND
Kn ow m e n b y t h es e pr es e n t s that we
a ll ,
of Co unty o f as P r i n c ipa l h e r e
a n d Stat e o f ,
in a f t e r call e d t h e C o n t r a c t o r a n d o r g an i z e d un d e r ,
a r e h e l d a n d fi r m ly bo un d unt o T H E M I AM I C O N SER V A N C Y
t r i e t in t h e su m o f
, B l a w f ul m o n e y o f t h e U nit e d
d o lla rs ( S .
th e s e p r e s e nts .
Se e R ep o rt of A E M o rgan C hi e f Eng i n ee r
. . , , Vo l . I II , p . 17 .
F o rm o f Bo n d 39
t en c o ntract d at e d t h e
,
day o f 1 91 h e r e ina f t e r call e d
th e C o n t r a c t a c o py o f w hich is attach e d h e r e t o a n d m a d e a p art
,
he reo f ,
for
Th e f
co n d i t i o n o t h is sai d
o b l ig a t i o n C o nt ract o r
is s u ch that if th e
s hall p a y all p e rs o ns fi r m s o r c o r p o rati o ns w h o p e r f o r m lab o r o r f u r
,
l a w o r d inanc e r e g ulati o n o r d e r o r d e cr ee o n t h e p a rt o f t h e C o n
, , ,
in f u ll f o rc e a n d e ff e ct .
P r o v i d e d,
F ir s t —
That sh o ul d t h e C o ntract o r f ail t o c o m p ly w ith t h e p r o vis
i o ns o f t h e C o ntract t o such an e xt e nt that t h e C o ntract shall b e f o r
f e i t e d t h e Sur e ty shall hav e t h e ri g ht t o assu m e t h e C o ntract a n d
,
p r o c e e d t o p e r f o r m o r subl e t t h e sa m e as th e r e in p r o vi d e d An d t h e
, .
a n d u se all o f t h e e qui m e nt a n d
p p r o p e rti e s o f t h e C o ntract o r w hich
m ay b e n e c e ssary f o r t h e c o m p l e ti o n o f t h e C o nt ract ; a n d all m o n e ys
which m ay b e d u e t h e C o ntract o r at t h e ti m e o f his d e f ault o r w hich
m a y th e r e a f t e r b e c o m e d u e sai d C o ntract o r un d e r o r by virtu e o f t h e ,
Sur e ty shall fi rst b e o btain e d i f any alt e rati o n b e r e qui r e d which shall
alt e r t h e g e n e ral charact e r o f t h e w o rk as a w h o l e o r w hich shall in ,
Si g n e d a n d s e al e d thi s ,
P r e si d e nt .
SU R E T Y .
Att e st
Se cr e tary .
A P er s o n s I n t er es t ed i n C o n t r a ct
. .
G e n e r a l C o n di t i o n s o f the C o n t ra c t
p art y o f t h e s c o n d p art s h a ll b e s bj ct t o a ll l a ws a n d o r d i
“
Th e e u e
nanc e s o f t h c i t y o f e w i t hi n w hi c h c i t y t h i s agr m nt i s ee e
t o b e f u l fi ll ed a d sa i d c o ntract o r s h a ll b
, n e nt i t l d t o o exe m p t i n t h e r e e n o e
F P r o t e ct io n Aga in st Ne g l ig e n c e a n d D a m ag e s — In e v e ry a g r ee
.
any n e g li ge nc e o f hi m s e l f o r o f hi s e m p l o y e e s an d f o r r e sultin g da m
a g e o ccasi o n e d th e r e by .
“
S h ou l d an y w r k b e d on m at r i a l f rn i s h d o p l ac d o
o th e p b
e or e u e r e n u
li c st t s o wa y s o i n an y t h r p l ace w h r p r o t ct i n i s n ec ssar y t h e
ee r r o e e e e o e ,
c o ntract o r s h a ll at a ll t i m d es p c i a lly d ur i ng t h
, ni ght p t p d
e s, an e e , u u an
d rr ers an r an a r u
d e nts i co ns qu nc o f t h w o r k b i ng d n o m at r i a l b i ng d p o s i t e d i n
n e e e e e o e r e e e
d th
e , an e o o e e r e o e
i n t hi s w y by r as o n f hi s act r n g l ct
a or e o f th at o f an y a t h r iz e d o e e or o u o
s b—
u c o ntra t r o an y ag nt m p l o y e
c o r w rkm n ; e d th , i d c ntract r
e e or o e an e sa o o
s h a ll s av d k ee p h ar m l ss t h
e an sa i d first p art y f r m a ll su i ts o d m an d s
e e o r e
for d a m ag e s a ll g d t o h av e o ccurr e d t o p rs ns
e e p r p e rt y by r e aso n o f e o or o
sa i d w r k o f p l ac i ng sa i d m at r i a l o
or o so f r m sa i d act o n e g li g nc e r o r e e .
fo m r a n ce f th wo r k t ta k a ll n c s sar y p r e caut i n
o e o d t p l ac
e pr p r e e o an o e o e
s u ffic i nt li g h t
e d w ill i n d m n i f yan d sav e h ar m l ss t h sa i d p art i o f t h
e an e e es e
i nj ur y t t h p rs n o p r p rt y f an th r r u l t i ng f r m n g li g nc o
o e e o r o e o o e , es o e e e r
f r o m an y i m p r o p r m at r i a l us d i n i ts c e truct i o n by o
e acc o unt o f act
e ons , or r on
o r o m i ss i n f t h sa i d p rt y f t h
o o s c n d p art o r t h g nt t h r e f ; a d t h e
e a o e e o e a e e o n
of th m n y d e un d r
e o e by v i rtu f t hi s agr m nt as s h a ll
u e or m y b e o ee e or a e
c o ns i d e r d n c ssar y by t h a qu d uct c m m i ss i n e rs s h a ll
e e e e m y be e o o , or a ,
re
n i sh e d t h sa i d c m m i ss i n rs
e o o e .
T h e sa i d c o ntra c t r s h a ll ta k p r o p r m ans t o p r o t ct t h a d j ac nt e e e o e e e
o r a d j i n i ng p r p rt y o p r p rt i i n an y w ay nc unt r d o w hi c h m i g h t
o o e r o e es e o e e r
be i n j ur ed by an y p r o c s o f c nstruct i n t o b e un d e rtak e n un d e r t hi es o o ,
s
agr m nt a d h s h a ll b li a bl f o r an y
ee e , n e a ll c l a i m s f o d a m ag s o n a c
e e or r e
'
c o unt o f hi s f a il ur e t o f u lly p r o t ct a ll p r o p rt y i nj ur d d ur i ng on a e e e or o
G P r o t e ct i o n Ag ai n s t Clai m s fo r L ab o r a nd M a t er ia l — T h e a g r e e
.
'
p art y f m at r i l f urn i s h d
or e a w o r k d n un d r t hi s c o ntract
e or d i t is o e e , an
i f s o d s i r d f rn i s h t h
e e s a i d first p art y sat i s f a ct r y e v i d nc
u e t h at a ll p o e e er
s o n s wh o h ve d n w r k a- f urn i s h d m t r i a l un d r t hi s
o e o or gr m nt h av e a e e a ee e e
b n d u ly p a i d f r suc h w r k o m at r i a l
ee o d i n cas s uc h v i d nc
o r is d e , an e e e e e
m an d d a d
e o t f urn i s h d t o t h
n n a f o r sa i d first p art y suc h a m nt as m a y
e e e , ou ,
i n t h p i n i n o f t h e sa i d first p art y b n c s r y t m t t h c l a i m s f t h
e o o ,
e e es a o ee e o e
p r
e so ns a f r sa i d m y b e r ta i n d f r m t h m o n y d s i d p art y f t h
o e , a e e o e e ue a o e
H P r o t e c ti o n Ag ai n s t R o y a l ti e s o n P a t e n t ed I n ve n t i o n s —T h e
.
p e t h e w o o d o m m o b e p o e e d o m o r
da m a g e s o ccas i o n e d by t h e u se o f p at e nt ed articl e s o n o r in g o n n e c t io n
l a t i o n s sh o ul d e s p e cially b e p r o vi de d in t h e a g r e e m e nt c o v e rin g i i i
st a l l a t io n o f m achin e ry o r in t h e installati o n o f vari o us w o rks f o r m a n
e ve r , b e h e l d fo r t h e u se o f p at e nt e d articl e s o r m e th o d s w hich a r e
s p e ci fi e d in t h e c o ntract but a rran g e m e nts f o r t h e u se o f s u ch p at e nts
,
sh o ul d b e m a de by t h e e n g in e e r o r o th e r a g e nt o f t h e party o f t h e fi rst
p art
T h e c o ntract r s h a ll p r o t ct o d sav e h ar m l ss t h p art y e f th anfirs t e e o e
p art f r m a ll o d ve r y d m an d f o d a m ag s r o y a l t i s o f s
an e e an y r e , e r ee on
p at nt d i nv nt i n us d by h i m
e e e o us d i n c o nn ct i n w i t h t h e w o r k do ne
e or e e o |
or m at r i a l f urn i s h d un d e r t hi s c ntract
e e d i t h a ll b th d ut y o f suc h o , an s e e
s c h c l a i m s a d an y o a ll p a y m nts m y b w i t hh ld f r m sa i d c ntract r
u , n r e a e e o o o
a b v s h ll t h o w v r i nc l d e an y p t nt d i nv nt i n
o e a no , e e , p r c e ss o r d r e d
u a e e e o or o e
by t h ng i n e r
e e s p ec i fi d i n t h e co ntract
e or e .
G e n e r a l C o n di t i o n s o f t h e Co n t ra c t
1 . Ass ig n m e n t and S u b l e t t i n g — In
cas e s w h e r e t h e a g r e e m e nt i s .
a s t h e c o n d iti o n s m a y m ak e d e sirabl e .
t nt i n t t h f u l fi ll m nt o f t hi s agr m nt d t h at h e w ill t su b l e t t h
e o o e e ee e an no e
a f r sa i d wo r k o t h e f rn i s hi ng f t h a f r sa i d m at r i a l b t w ill k ep
o e r u o e o e e , u e
th e sa m e un d r hi s p e r s na l c o ntr l
e d t h at h e w ill ot o s i gn by p w r o , an n as o e
o f at t o rn y o o th r wi se
e y p rt i o n o f sa i d c ntract
r e n l ss by d w i th t h e
an o o u e an
p r e v i o us c o ns nt f th first p art y
e s i gn i fi d by e n d o rs m e nt o f t hi s agr
o e as e e ee
m e nt by t h o ffi c i a l s w h o s s i gnatur s a e attac h e d h e r e t o
e e e r .
Ab a n d o n m e n tF o r fe i t u r e — In o r d e r t o p r o vi de f o r du e
an d .
p r o g r e ss o n t h e w o rk un d e r t h e c o n d iti o ns o f aban do n m e nt o f t h e sa m e
,
.
c m m e nc i t aga i n w i t hi n
o e d a y s a f t e r n o t i ficat i o n f r o m t h e first p art y ,
or i f h e s h o u l d f a il t o c m p ly w i t h t h r d rs o f t h eng i n e r o w i t h t hi s
o e o e e e r
th e sur t i s e th eb n d s h a ll b n t i fi e d d d i r ct d t o c o m p l t t h sa m e
on e o e o an e e e e e .
d y s a f t r s rv i ng suc h n t i c e carr y
a e e t h e w o r k at t h xp e ns e f o , on e e o
th e c ntract o r d s r t i s
o an u e e .
”
If t h ew o rkn un d r t hi s C ntract s h a ll b e a b an d n d by t h e
to b e do e e o o e
t h e w r k su bl t b y h i m
o t h rw i s t h an as h r i n s p c i fi d
e , i f at an y t i m e
o e e e e e e , or
t h e Eng i n e r s h a ll b e e f th e p ini n d s h a ll c rt i f y i wr i t i ng t o t h e
o o o , an so e n
d l ay d
e e t h at t h C o ntract r i s v i o l at i ng an y o f t h c n d i t i ns
, or e agre e o e o o or
R e p rt o of A E M rgan C hi e f Eng i n e r
. . o , e , Vo l . I II, 44 .
2 46 G e n e ra l C o n di t io n s o f t h e C o n t ra c t
o f t h e w o r k i s b i ng carr i e d o by t h e B o ar d by c o ntract o o t h e r wi se un d r
e n , r , e
th ep r v i s i o ns
o f t hi s s e ct i n t h e C ntract r sh a ll c o nt i nu e t h e r m a i n d e r
o o , o o e
of t h w r k i n c n f r m i t y w i t h t h t r m s f t hi s C ntract
e o o o d i n suc h m ae e o o , an n
n e ras i n n o w i s e t o hi n d r o i nt r f re w i t h t h e p e rs ns o wo r k m e n e m
e r e e o r
p l o y d as a b o v p r o v i d d by t h e B o ar d
”
e , e e ,
.
K . T im e fand Or d e r o D a m a g e s —
C o m pl e t i o n — L i t]
R ig h t zt i d a t e d
t o D is co n t i n u e Wo r k — Th e ti m e o f c o m p l e ti o n o f a c o ntract i s o f t e n
.
e arly c o m p l e ti o n i s n o t g r e at a ti m e o f c o m l e ti o n sh o ul d b e s e ci fi e d
p , p ,
o th e r w is e t h e w o rk m a y b e d e lay e d un d uly .
T h e ti m e o f c o m p l e ti o n m u st o f t e n b e m a d e t h e e ss e nc e o f a c o n
tract o n ac c o unt o f
( )
a T h e n e c e ssity o f havin g a g iv e n w o rk c o m p l e t e d t o m e e t ce r
( )
1
7 O n acc o unt o f t h e l o ss e s o f int e r e st o n i nv e st m e nt o r o th e r
Fo r th e s e r e as o ns a n d p e rha p s f o r ma ny o th e rs w hich m i g ht b e
,
m e nti o n e d a s pe ci fi c ti m e o f c o m pl e ti o n sh o ul d b e sti p u l at e d in t h e
,
f o ll o w in a g iv e n o r d e r t o b e st s e rv e t h e p ur p o s e s o f t h e c o nstructi o n
,
.
f e c t sh o u l d b e inclu d e d i n t h e a g r e em e nt .
d a m a g e s can b e c o ll e ct e d by d u e p r o c e ss o f l a w .
Th
“
p art y e f t h e s c o n d p art f urt h r agr
o e s t h at t h e wo r k s h a ll b e e ee
c o m m e nc d a d carr i e d
e n at t h e p o i nt a d i n t h r d e r o f p r c ed nc s p ec i
on n e o e e e
fi ed
sa i d p art y
Th e of th e s ec n d p art f urt h r agr s th at h e w ill c o m m nc
o e ee e e
p r o gr ss t h r w i t h o t h at by t h e r k s h a ll
e e e s d ay of 19 . t h e wo
b e c o m p l e t e d i n acc o r d anc w i t h t hi s agr e nt e em e .
L R a t e o f P r o g r ess a d
. n F or f e i t u r e — W h e n t h e ti m e o f co m pl e
rat e o f p r o g r e ss n e c e ssary t o c o m p l et e t h e wo rk in t h e s p e ci fi e d ti m e
is maintain e d t h e c o ntract m a y b e f o r f e it e d a n d r e l e t o r t h e wo rk
, ,
d o n e an d t h e ti m e availabl e f o r d o i n g it
, U n de r o r d inary c o n d iti o ns .
,
T h e f act o rs in t h e p r o bl e m a r e t h e quantity o f w o rk a n d t h e ti m e i n ,
b e do n e by o n e m a n in o n e d ay a n d is in d e p e n d e nt o f t h e p a y which
,
p e r d a y o r a scul p t o r at p e r d a y wo ul d e ach d o o n e d ay s
’
,
wo rk in o n e d ay s ti m e Th e c o st th e r e f o r e i s n o t t h e m e asur e o f
’
.
, ,
a n d t h e rat e o f p r o g r e ss m a
y b e m e asur e d by e ith e r quantity o r valu e .
F r o m t h e inc epti o n o f t h e wo rk t h e e n g in e e r m u st b e ar in m in d t h e
,
_
F r e qu e ntly .
g e s se s
r .
p r o g r e ss s p e ci fi e d i s so g r e at that a lar g e nu m b e r o f sh o v e ls a r e r e
quir e d t h e inv e st m e nt i nv o lv e d is v e ry lar g e a n d t h e c o st p e r yar d
, ,
A hi g h rat e o f p r o g r e ss o f wo rk i s o f t e n po ssibl e wh e r e it is n o t
f e asibl e f o r t h e e l e m e nt o f c o st i s i m p o rtant n o t o nly t o t h e c o ntract o r
,
c o nst r ucti o n .
Th e wo r k d o n e ac h m o nt h s h a ll
e o t b e l es s t h an t h
n p r o p o rt i o n i e n
a f t r n o t i ce t o b g i n s h a ll b c ns i d r d as o m o nt h d t h l ast t w o
e e e o e e ne an
’
e
m o nt h s b f o r e c m p l e t i o n as o
e o m o nt hne d p r ov i d d f urt h e r t h at t hi s rat
, an e e
t o t a l p r o p o rt i o n d e t o t h e t i m e t h at h as p ass e d s i nc n o t i c e t o b g i n w o r k
u e e ,
G e n e ra l C o n di t i o n s o f the Co n t ra c t
o th e r w is e .
li/l . L iq u i d a t e d D a m ag es — L iqui d at e d d a m a g e s t o t h e xt e nt o f e
W h e r e t h e ti m e o f c o m p l e ti o n i s a m att e r o f r e al m o m e nt a n d
liqui d at e d d a m a g e s a r e s p e ci fi e d f o r d e lays it i s d e si rabl e in t h e in
”
,
“
S h o u l d t h c ntract r f a il t o c m p l t e t h w r k as h r e i n s p c i fi d
e o o o e e o e e e
w i t hi n t h e t i m na m d un l ss grant d an xt ns i o n o f t i m by t h p art y o f
e e ,
e e e e e e
w o r k f r o m t h e a b v s p ec i fi d t i m t h e d at f th e ng i n e r s c rt i ficate ’
o t e e e o e o e e e
o f c m p l e t i n o f hi s w o r k
o o d th a m o nt o f suc h w ag s s h a ll b d d uct d
, an e u e e e e
f r m t h e m o n y w hi c h m y b
o e d t h i m f r o m t h e a m unt f t h e fina l
a e ti ue o o o es
m at e, or i f o m o n i e s s h a ll b
n d e h i m f r o m t h e p art y f t h e first p art t h e n
e u o ,
th e a m ount s h a ll b r c v ra bl f r m t h e c o ntract r
e e o hi s sur t y
e e o o or e .
T h e sa i d c o ntract r h r by f rt h e r agr s t h at t h sa i d
o e e u ee e
s h a ll b e d i s h r e by a t h o r iz d t o d e d uct a d r e ta i n
an e u t f an y m o n ey e n ou o
1 6 1 b i d s cs 3 2 4
, e d 32 6 . an .
w hi c h m y b d e a b c m e d t t h sa i d c ntract o r un d r t h i s agr e
e u or e o ue o e o , e e
m nt t h e s m o f
e , d oll ars
u p d y as liq i d at d d m a g s f er a u e a e or
e v r y d y t h a f r sa i d w r k m y b unc o m p l t d o v r d b y n d t h
e a e o e o a e e e e an e o e
t i m h r e i n st i p u l at ed f i ts c om p l t i n : p r v i d d h w v r t h at t h e sa i d
e e or e o o e , o e e ,
first p rt y s h a ll h av t h r i g h t t o xt n d t h e t i m f o t h c m p l t i o n o f t h
a e e e e e r e o e e
sa i d wo r k i f h s h l d d c i d e s t o d o e ou e o .
A d th
“
sa i d p art y o f t h s ec n d p art agr s t o c m m nc t h w o r k
n e e o ee o e e e
h r e i n r q i r d t o b d o n w i t hi n
e e u e d ay s af t r t h
e s i gn i ng o f t hi s
e e e co n
d y a f o 19 th wh o l e w o r k s s h a ll b. c m p l t d acc o r d i ng t o t h i s
e e o e e
agr m nt ee e .
I n cas t h sa i d p art y s h a ll f a il t o f u ll y d nt i r ly
e e d in an e e , an con
f o r m i t y w i t h t h e p r v i s i ns d c o n d i t i o ns o f t hi s agr
o m nt p e r f r m
o d
an ee e , o an
w i t hi n t h t i m h r i n b f r e s p c i fi d f o s c h p r f r m anc a d c m p l
e e e e e o e e r u e o e n o e
t i on o w i t hi n t h sa i d f urt h r t i m w hi c h m y b a ll o w d by
, r e e e a e e
m i n d by t h
e p art i s h r t e th d a m ag s w hi c h t h
e p art y
e f th
e o firs t as e e e o e
u e e o o d e n n a o e , an
th sa i d p art i s o f t h
e first p art m y d d uct d r ta i n t h sa i d m f
e e a e an e e su o
p d y o t f an y m n y whi c h m y b e d
er a u be c o m d
o o e a ue or e ue ,
u n d r t hi s agr m nt
e ee e .
Th
“
t i m o f c m p l t i o n i s o f gr eat i m p rtanc e a d i t i s m utua lly agr e d
e e o e o , n e
“
p art s h a ll f a il t f lly d nt i r ly p r f r mo u d c m p l e te t h an sa i d wo r k a d
e e e o an o e n
ve r y p rt t h e r e f i n f ll c o n f r m i t y w i t h t h p r v i s i ns a d c n d i t i ns o f
‘
e a o ,
u o e o o n o o
t hi s g r m nt d w i thi n t h t i m h r i n b f r p c i fi d f suc h p r f r m
a ee e ,
an e e e e e o e s e e or e o
anc e d c m p l t i n t h n a d i n t h at
an o e vent t h e sa i d p rt y o f t h s n d
o ,
e , n e , a e e co
fo ac h a d v ry d y t h t sa i d wo r k s h a ll r e m a i n
r e n om e e a a unc ~
p l t ede I n v nt h w v r t h at s i d w r k s h a ll b e f lly c o m p l t e d b f r e
. e e , o e e , a o u e e o
t h e d at e s p c i fi e d f s c h c m p l t i n t h n a d i n t h at v nt t h e sa i d p art y
e or u o e o , e n e e ,
su m f o f ac h d v r y d y t h at t h sa i d p art y f t h s c n d
or e an e e a e o e e o
p rt s h a ll h av c m p l t d t h
a c ntract i n a d vanc f t h t i m f c m p l t i n
e o e e e o e o e e o o e o
su m f o p d y f ac h d y f d l a y b y n d t h d t f m er a or e a o e e o e a e o co
pl ti e s p c i fi d t f an y m o n y s w hi c h m y b d
on e e , ou o b c m d e un d r e a e ue or e o e u e
t hi s agr m nt s h ll d d t t h fina l p ay m nt f t h p rt y f t h s c n d
ee e , or a a o e e o e a o e e o
p art t h ,
m f e su f ac h d y t h w r k i s c m p l t d p r i r t
o or e a e o o e e o o
th sp c i fi d d t f c m p l t i n
e e e a e o o e o .
”
1 54 C o n d u c t o f t h e W o rk
. .
p e r i n t e n d en t Th e s e p a p e rs can u sually
. b e m a d e m o st c o nv e ni e ntly
c nstant ly cc ss ibl e o t h e wo r k f o t h e e o f t h e e ng i n e e r a d i ns p ct o r i n
o a e n r us n e
t h e w r k o f su p e rv i s i n
o Th p art y f t h e first p art s h a ll h o w ev e r f urn i s h
o . e o , ,
p ur p s
”
o e .
e i g ht h o u r l a w )-
W hil e t h e p arty o f t h e fi rst p art i f h e wo ul d p lac e
.
,
fu l Wh e r e wo rk i s t o b e do n e f o r t h e p ublic o r m ust b e do n e un de r
.
,
p t nt
e e d s kill f u l m
an t d t h e w rk ; d t h at w h e n v e r t h
en e ng i n r o o o an e e ee
s h a ll i n f o r m h i m i n w r i t i ng t h at an y m o me o n t h e wo r k re i n hi s an r n a ,
O p i n i n i nc o m p e t nt
o , nf ai th ful d i s o rd r ly suc h me o , m us h a ll b or e , an r en e
d i sc h arg e d f r o m t h w rk d s h a ll o t aga i n b mp l y d o
e t h e sa m
o an n e e o e n e
w i t h o ut t h ng i n r s w r i tt e n c ns nt ’ ”
e e ee o e .
Th e f o ll o w in g
xtract f r o m o n e o f t h e s p e ci fi cati o ns o f t h e U nit e d
e
no M o ng o li an l a b o r s h a ll b e m p l y d t h e r e o n T h e i m p o rtat i o n o f f r i gn e o e . o e
e rs an d l a b o r rs un d r c o ntract t o p r f r m l a b o r i n t h e Un i t d Stat e s o r t h
e e e o e e
.
, u e , , .
, .
,
3 88 ; F b 2 6 1 885 2 3 Stat L 3 3 2 ;
e .
, d F b 2 3 1 887 2 4 Sta t L
, In . .
, an e .
, , .
th p r f o r m anc e o f t hi s c ntract
e e p rs o ns s h a ll b e m p l o y d wh o a o no e e e re un
d g i g s nt nc s o f i m p ri s n m nt at h ar d l a b o r i m p o s e d by c urts o f t h e
er o n e e e o e o
s ev ra l Stat s T rr i t o r i e s o m un ic i p a li t i s h av i ng cr i m i na l j ur i sd i ct i o n
e e , e r e .
un de r t h e c o ntract .
f r m an y caus
o ( exc p t w h r w o r k i s st o p p d by r d r f t h
e e p art i e s o f
e e e o e o e
t h e first p art ) d r i ng t h p r gr ss o f an y p rt i n
u f t h e w r k e m b rac d i n
e o e o o o o e
s h a ll e nt i t l e h i m t o an xt e ns i n o f t i m a ll o w d f c o m p l e t i ng t h e w r k
e o e, e or o ,
Th e a m o unt f t h e d t nt i n s h a ll b d t e r m i n d by t h e ng i n e r
o e e od th e e e e e e , an
e xt ns i o n o f t i m e s h a ll
e t i nc l d uns as na bl w at h r I n cas sa i d w r k
no u e e o e e e . e o
as i n t h e j d g m e t f t h e ng i n r i s caus d by suc h st p pi ng o f sa i d w o r k
i u n o e ee e o ,
o t h r t h an t h e l ga l
e st f carryi ng e th c o ntract s h a ll b e p a i d by t h e
co o on e ,
“
Th e r s e rv t h r i g h t o f sus p n d i ng t h w h l e an y e e e e o e or
p art f t h e w r k c ntract d t o b e d o n w h n t h y s h a ll d e m i t f o r t h e i
o o o e e e e e n
te res ts o f t h C i ty of e so t o d o w i t h o ut c o m p e nsat i n f o l o ss , o r
to th c ntract r f s c h s s p ns i n o t h r t h an e xt n d i ng t h t i m f m
e o o or u u e o e e e e o co
p l et i g t h
n w o r k as m uc h as i t m y h av e b n d l a y d by suc h sus p ns i o n ;
e a ee e e e
an d i f t h e sa i d wo r k s h a ll b e d l a y e d f th r e as n t h at t h e p art i s o f t h e or e o e e
t h e s c o n d p art s h a ll b
e e nt i t l d t m uc h a d d i t i na l t i m e w h e r i n t p e
e e o so o e o r
f rm
o d c o m p l t t hi s c ntract o
an hi s p art as t h e ng i n r s h a ll c e rt i f y i n
e e o n e ee
w r i t i ng t b j st b t o a ll o wanc by w y o f d a m ag s s h a ll b m a d e f
e u ,
u no e a e e or
suc h d l a y N i t h r an xt ns i n f t i m e f o r an y r as o n b y n d t h at fix d
e . e e e e o o e e o e
w o r k ca ll d f o by t hi s c ntract s h a ll b d m e d t b a w a i v r by t h e sa i d
,
e r o ,
e ee o e e
c o m m i ss i n e rs o f t h e r i g h t t a b r gat t hi s c ntract f o a b an d n m t
o o o e o r o en or
d el ay i n t h , m ann r p r o v i d d f oe i n t h p aragrap h m ar k d
e i n t hi s e r e e
agr ee m nt e .
”
F D efe c ts a n d T h eir R e m ed i es
.
,
a n d m at e rial ) Wo rk . .
th e y m a y n o t b e u s e d in t h e wo rk e ith e r by m i stak e o r wh e n t h e e n g in e e r
i s n o t a war e o f such u se A sti p ulati o n t o this a ff e ct in t h e a g r ee m e nt .
is th e r e f o r e a d viasb l e .
S a n i t a r y R e g u la t i o n s 255
m at e r i a l b r o ug h t th gr o n d f on i n t h e wo r k o
e l ct d f o t h
u or u se , r se e e r e
s am e s hall b e d e m d by t h ng i n ee r as unsu i ta bl
, e e ot ie c n f r m i ty
e e, or n n o o
a d r e b u il d o
n t h r w i s r m d y suc h w r k i n cc o r d anc w i t h t h d i
r o e e e e o a e e r ec
f t h e ng i n r
'
t io ns o e ee .
p lant f o r t h e c o nstructi o n o f t h e w o rk t o b e d o n e un d e r t h e a g r ee m e nt ,
p art y o f t h s ec nd p art s h a ll p r v i d a ll l a b r t o o l s d m ac hi n
“
Th e e o o e o , an
er y a d m at r i a l n c e ssar y i n t h
n e p r s cut i n
e d c o m p l t i n o f t hi s co e o e o an e o n
m at r i a l t o o l s o m ac hi n r y
e , f o an y p art o f t h
r w o r k unt il i t i s fina lly
e or r e
c o m p l t d a n d acc p t e d
e e e .
“
Th a i d c ntract r s h a ll f urn i s h t h e n c ssar y sca ff l d i ng wa y s a d a ll
e s o o e e o , n
n c es sar y m e a ns a d c o nv n i nc s f t h e trans f e r f t h m at r i a l t o i ts
e n e e e or o e e
p r o p r p l ac
e d f r i ts e r ct i n ;
e, an d i t i s al so t
o b un d rst d t h at t h
e o an o e e oo e
d o n e i s i s o lat e d f r o m c o m m u n i t i e s w h e r e li qu o r i s s o l d u n d e r lic e n s e .
A Sa n i ta t io n
. .
p rop e r ly s c l u d ed f r om p bli c o b s rv t i o n s h a ll
e u e a , be c o nstruct e d an d ma in
256 G e n e ra l Co n di t io n s o f t h e C o n t ra c t
p r v e d by
o th e eng i n e r a d t h e i r se s h a ll
e , n u be str i ct ly e n f rc e d o .
B . I n t o x i ca n ts .
u p o n an y gr un d s ccu p i e d by h i m o o .
C C o n t ra c t o r B u il d i n gs
’
. s .
b u il d i ng o f struct r s f o h us i ng m
Th e th e r e ct i n o f t e nts u e r o en , or e o or
o t h r f o rm s
e f p r t ct i n w ill b p r m i tt d o n ly at suc h p l ac s as t h
o o e e ng i o e e e e e
n r s h a ll p o vi d
ee d th san i tar y c n d i t i n f t h e gr n d s i n o a b ut
r e, .
an e o o o ou r o
th e e ng i n e r e .
L IT ERA T URE
Eng i n r i ng d Arc hi t ctura l Jur i s p ru d nc e J o h n C Wa i t Part I II
ee an e e . . . .
A c o nstr ct i n co ntract J h n W il e y S ns I nc Ne w Y r k
u o . o o , . o .
M G w H ill B o k C I nc N w Y r k
c ra -
o o . . e o .
ta i n i ng c ntract f o rm s d g n ra l c n d i t i n f t h c nt ct as r c o m m n d ed
o an e e o o o e o ra e e
v t i em e t
er p r p o sa l s c o ntr cts g e n e ra l c n d i t i o ns a d s p c i fic c l us e s i n
s n s, o , a , o n e a
c ntracts J h n W il y S o ns I nc N w Y r k
o . o e ,
. e o .
La w s d B us i n ss f Eng i n ee r i ng a d C ntract i ng
an C E F o wl e r e o n o . . . .
et c M G w H ill B o k C o I nc N e w Y o r k
. c ra -
o . . .
S p c i ficat i ns d C ntracts J A L Wa d d ll d J h n C Wa i t D i s
e o an o . . . . e an o . .
c ntract l w Mc G w H ill B k C o I nc N w Y r k
o a . ra -
oo . . e o .
Th Pr i nc i p l e s o f S p c i fic t i n d Agr e em nt Wr i t i ng C R Y ng
e e a o an e . . . ou .
Am r i can T c h n i ca l S c i t y C hi c go
e e o e . a .
o f exp li c i tn ss d d i sa d vantag o f l m p
e m m t h d o f d o i ng wo r k f o t h e
an e u su e o r
C h ar l st n d y d c k G i v s xtracts f r m Sp e i fi t i
e o r o Sta ff art i c l e Eng
. e e o c ca on s -
. .
R ec V o l . . 4 6, p p . 2 65 , 2 89 , 3 1 3 .
ve rn m nt C o ntracts ; L e ga l P i t f a ll s d H o w t Av i d Th e m A ve ry
Go e an o o .
A K i ng W illi a m B K i ng Eng R e V o l 5 2 p p 6 7 6 7 1 3 7 4 8 V o l 5 3
. . . . c . .
, .
, , , . ,
pp . 2 2 , 4 8, 6 6, 1 00 .
258 G e n e r a l C o n di t i o n s o f the C o n t ra c t
D ELA Y S AN D E N A TI E S P L
A D ci si n e o of th e C o urt o f C l a i m s o P en a l t i e s by n , Wm . B . K i ng . Eng .
R e c Vo l
. . 63, p . 45 3 .
o wn e r a d c o ntract o r n E d i t r i a l Eng R ec V l 5 7 p 5 87 . o . . . o .
, . .
Ti m e P na l t y D ec i s i o n by U S Su p r m e C o urt C ourt ru l e d t h e p e na l t y
e . . e .
Va li d Eng R c V o l 5 5 p 6 3 3
. . e . .
, . .
P e na l t y o L iqu i d at d Da m ag e s D e fin e s d i ff e r n ce s a n d c i t e s cas e s
n e . e .
En g R ec V o l
. . . 60, p . 1 52 .
ag e s by G e rg A K i ng Eng R ec V o l 5 8 p 3 83
, o e . . . . .
,
. .
A Co urt D e c i s i n as t t h En f rc m e nt f t h e Ti m e P ena l t y i n En g i n e e r
o o e o e o
a l t y c l aus s T h e Eng i n ee r V o l 3 8 p 2 87
e .
, .
, . .
go v rn m nt li a bl e f unr as n bl e d e l a y E d i to r i a l Eng R ec Vo l 6 8
e e or e o a . . . . .
,
p . 62 .
c l a i m s c nc e rn i ng t h e g ov m t by W m B K i ng Eng R c V o l 6 7 p 48
o ~
ern en , , . . . e . .
, . .
d elay s E d i t o r i a l Eng R e V o l 6 6 p 5 6 1
. . . c . .
, . .
b i l i t y f o r d l a y s by G e o A K i ng Eng R ec V l 7 0 p 1 3 6 ’
e . . . . . o .
, . .
D e d uct i on o f L iq u i d at e d Da m ag s f o D l a y D c i s i o ns b y U S C ourt e r e . e -
. .
o f C l i m s o n t hi s q u e st i o n by W m B K i ng
a Eng R ec V l 6 6 p 6 5 7 , . . . . . o .
, . .
o f l w o n su bj e ct by W m B K i ng
a E g R c V o l 69 p 3 68
, . . . n . e . .
, . .
E XTR A W ORK
Pa y m e nt f o o f Co m p l e t e S p e c i ficat i o ns
r Co ntract Extras A d vantage s . .
E d i t o r i al En g R ec V o l 5 7 p 1 7 0
. . . .
, . .
C m p nsat i n C l a i m f K p i ng C ff e r D m D y C i t e s d ec i s i n o f
o e o or ee o a r . o
R ec Vol . . 67 , p . 97 .
C o m m nts T w o S p e c i fic t i ns C l aus e s R e l t i ng t
e on Extra W r k C i t i a o a o o . r
ci zes i n d fin i t c l us s E d i t r i l Eng N e ws V o l 5 4 p 4 2
e e a e . o a . .
,
.
, . .
E d i t o r i a l Eng N e ws V o l 7 1 p 9 2 4
. .
, .
, . .
C H AP T E R XV
P R E P AR ATI O N O F SP E C I F I CATI O N S
1 56 I m po rt a n c e —T h e p r ep arati o n o f p r o p e r s p e c i fi cat i o n s
.
p l a n a t o r y o f t h e o th e r e ach o f t e n i nc o m pl e t e w ith o ut t h e o th e r a n d
, ,
t h e tr e at me nt th e y a r e liabl e t o r e c e iv e d u rin g t h e p r o g r e ss o f t h e
wo rk . In m any cas e s th e s e p a pe rs a r e t h e o nly i nt ro ducti o n o f t h e
bi dde r t o t h e wo rk a n d t o t h e m en w ith w h o m h e i s invit e d t o do bu si
n e ss. I t i s s e l f e vi d e nt th e r e fo r e th at i n t h e p r e p arati o n o f s u ch
-
b i d o n t h e w o rk o r a dd iti o ns t o t h e p ric e b i d t o o ff s e t t h e u n wa r r a n t e d
‘
tr e at m e nt t o b e e x p e ct e d u n de r such s pe ci fi cati o ns .
'
A s p e ci fi cati o n is n o t t h e p lac e t o sh o w t h e e xt e nt o f t h e e n g in e e r s
kn o w l e d g e but it i s t h e p lac e t o sh o w h o w cl e arly an d e xactly h e can
,
1 57 U s e o f E n g li s h — I n t h e w ri ti n g o f s p e c i fi ca ti o n s all that
.
,
t e r m s o r v e rn acular c o m m o n t o t h e t ra d e t o w h i ch t h e s p e c i fi ca t io n s
a p p l y m ay b e u s e d bu t th e y m u s t b e u n d e rst o o d a n d u s e d c o rr e c tly
, ,
.
Wh e n u s e d th ey m u st b e d e fi n e d o r b e us e d i n t h e s e ns e w hich t h ey
hav e acqui r e d thr o u g h c o m m o n o r l o cal u sa g e t h e basi s o n w hich ,
th e y w ill b e l e g ally i nt e r p r e t e d .
de si rabl e t o e x p r e ss t h e i de a t o b e c o nv e y e d in t h e cl e ar e st p o ssi b l e
w ay a n d r e p e titi o n o f t h e sa m e i de a i n d i ff e r e nt w o r d s i f it a d d s t o
, ,
“
c i fi e d that a batch o f c o nc r e t e sh o ul d c o nsi st o f o n e barr e l o f c e m e nt
”
o f t h e v o lu m e u s e d o r e v e n ri ch e r o n t h e basi s o f t h e v o lu m e o f l o o s e
,
c e m e nt An acti o n wa s br o u g ht f o r o n acc o u nt o f t h e e xc e ss
-
c e m e nt r e q u i r e d 1
w ritin g o f s pe ci fi cati o ns h o w e v e r th e s e sa m e wo r d s a r e f o un d t o b e
, ,
m e anin g i n w hich th e y a r e o r sh o u l d b e u s e d Th e y o un g e n g in e e r .
nu m e r o us o th e r int e r p r e tati o ns .
1 Se e t h e Eng i n e r i ng C o ntract o r
e , Vo l . 2, p . 83 .
262 Pr e p a ra t i o n o f S p e c i fi ca t io n s
if t h e n g in e e r is e x p e ri e nc e d a n d i s c o ntinual l y at han d t o g iv e hi s i n
e
r eas o nabl e c o ntin g e nci e s an d suitabl e f o r lit e ral int e r p r etati o n w ill ,
w ar d o bscurity .
A ll t i m be r sta n d i ng w h r l ev e i s t o b e c o nstruct d m y b h l d by
%
e e e e a e e
t h e c ntract r as hi s
o o w d h e w ill b e a ll w d an xc ss
o n, an f 25 p r ic o e e e o e
cu bi c y ar d f o fi lli ng sa i d m uc k d i tc h as i n t h l v e m b nk m nt ; a l s o
%
per r e e ee a e
t h e c o ntract o r w ill b r q i r d t d d 1 0 t t h h e i g h t o f l v a b ve
e e u e o a o e e ee o
gra d e li n e t o a ll w f s e tt li ng o f sa m
o or e .
p ur p o s e .
1 59 B r e vi ty —W h il e i t i s i m p o rtan t tha t e v e ry e l e m e n t o f t h e
. .
2 Se e Eng N e w s
. Su p . De c 3 1 , 1 90
. 3, p . 3 81 .
B re v i t y 2 63
m o n ly ins e rt e d
Th san d s h a ll b e r ll d w i t h c ns tant li g h t wate r i ng t o av o i d li ck
e o e , o
i ng p u .
m e ant a do p t e d t h e cla u s e f o r f e ar th e y wo ul d o th e r w is e p r e p ar e a de
,
f e c t ive s p e ci fi cati o n .
t h e sa m e s p e ci fi cati o n in r e lati o n t o f o r m s
Th co ntr ct o r m y a d o p t an y su i ta bl s y ste m o f m o u l d s f o t h e o
e a a e r c n
cr t i n p l ac p r v i d e d t h sam b a p p r v d by t h e ng i n ee r T h e m u l d s
e e e, o e e e o e e . o
m y b fix d
a e m va bl
e b t m ust b e r i g i d w h n i n p l ac e so a s t o f o r m a
or o e, u e
c ncr t accurat ly
o e e e .
”
3
1 6 0 I n d e fi ni t e Sp e c i fi c a t i o n s —C a r e l e s sn e s s a n d i g n o ra n c e o f
. .
o r un d e si rabl e a r e i nclu d e d .
Fo r d ish o n e st p u rp o s e s s p e ci fi cati o n s a r e s o m e ti m e s d ra w n so i n
,
t u t io n t h e f o ll o w i n g s ti p ulat i o n s w e r e e m b o d i e d :
4
,
“
U n de r t h e h e a din g V i o lati o n o f Co ntract t h e archit e ct wa s ,
”
a ny w o rk w a s n o t i n ac c o r d a n c e w i th t h e s p e c i fi cat i o n s t h e arch i t e c t ,
“
ti o n wa s t o b e fi nal c o ncl u siv e a n d w ith o u t a pp e al an o th e r absu r d
, ,
”
i sm o r a suit at l a w .
Als o ,
t o m at e r i a l d i n suc h m ann r as t h e ng i n r s h a ll d i r ct ”
an e e ee e .
5
n e e de d i n t h e wo rk This m ay p r o v e s e ri o u s i f thr o u g h an u n e x
. -
fied
Suc h l u m b r as i s r e qu i r d s h a ll b o f a s i ta bl e ch aracte r f t h p
e e e u or e ur
u se d .
1 62 Am b i g u o u s Sp e c ifi c a t i o n s —U n n e c e s sa ry o r u nr e a s o n
. .
un de si rabl e o r e x pe nsiv e .
th e y a r e inclu de d th e y p ractically m u st b e i g n o re d e xc e p t wh e r e an
abs o lut e n e c e ssity f o r th e i r e n f o rc e m e nt aris e s Th is c alls f o r an arbi .
t h an o f o o t
ne .
”
6
c at i o n i n w h ich t h e m e th o d s o f d e p o s it i n g t h e c o nc r e t e u n d e r v ari o us
c o n d iti o ns sh o ul d b e r e strict e d as f a r as n e c e ssity s e e m s t o de m an d .
Th e s e e xtr e m e s sh o ul d b e av o i d e d by t h e e n g in e e r He sh o ul d s p e ci fy .
in t h e m ann e r de sir e d .
t h e w o rk o r f o r t h e r e sults o btain ed o r as t o ti m e o f c o m p l e ti o n
, , ,
m ana g e m e nt m a y b e usur p e d by th e e n gi n ee r .
G En g . N e ws Su p Vol . 51 , p . 257 .
2 68 Pr e p a ra t i o n o f S p e c i fi c a t io n s
e xtract f r o m a s e w e r s p e ci fi cati o n :
T h e c o ntract o r m ust e m p l o y a c o m p e t nt m e c h an i c s e l e ct e d by t h e
“
e ,
e ng i n r wh n d rstan d s a d Sp ak s Eng li s h a d t a c m m o n l a b o r e r
ee , o u e n e , n no o ,
si rabl e i s as f o ll o w s :
,
“
Th c ntract r s h a ll c m m enc e d p r o s ecut wo r k at suc h p i nts at
e o o o an e o ,
suc h t i m s a d wi t h s c h f rc s as t h ng i n e r m y d i r ect
e n u o e e e e a .
”
8
in g c o nstru cti o n .
B f o r e bl as t i ng t h e c o ntract r m us t p r o cur e a w r i tt n o r d r f r o m t h e
“
e , o e e
e ng i n ee r B l asts s h a ll b c ov r d w i t h t i m b rs h e avily c h a i n d t o g t h r
. e e e e e e e .
Ca p s o t h e r xp l d e rs s h a ll i n n o cas e b k p t i n t h sam p l ac e i n w hi c h
or e o e e e e
d y na m i t or oth r
e xp l o s i v e s a sto r e d ; a d i n ge n e ra l t h e p r eca t i o n
e e re n , , u
T h e c ntract r s h a ll b e li a bl e f o a ll d a m ag s t o p rs o ns o r p r o p e rt y caus e d
o o r e e
by blasts r exp l o s i ve s 0o .
”
I f un de r th is claus e t h e e n g in e e r i s call e d u p o n t o s p e ci f y t h e
,
co ntract o r a n d is th e r e f o r e bla m e l e ss
, .
t u a ll y r e c e iv e sh o ul d h e b e a w ar d e d t h e c o ntract f o r t h e wo rk Such .
8 Eng N e w s .
, V ol . 51 , p . 1 49 .
9 Eng N e ws .
, V ol . 51 , p . 65 .
2 70 P re p a r a t io n o f S p e c i fi ca t i o n s
f urn i s h n d p t i n p l ac
a w i t h o ut exp e ns
u g o o d o r su i ta bl e m at r i a l ; a d
e, e, e n
w h e n i t i s c o ns i d r d n c ssar y by t h e e ng i n r t h
e e e c o ntract o r s h a ll l a y a
e ee , e
f o un d at i o n o f t i m b e r w i t h o ut xtra exp ns
”
e e e 1 1
, .
I n s p e ci fi cati o ns f o r w o rk w hi ch i s c o v e r e d f r o m si g ht n o t easily ,
pl e t e ,
I n such cas e it i s usually p r o vi de d that i f t h e wo rk i s f o un d t o
hav e be e n c o nstruct e d in acc o r d anc e w ith t h e p lans a n d s pe ci fi cati o ns ,
c o ntract o r .
T h e ng i n e r m ust b p e r m i tt d t o r em v e suc h p o rt i ns f t h e wo r k
“
e e e e o o o
as h m y f r m t i m t o t i m e t hi n k n c ssar y f r t h e d i sco v r y o f i m p r op r
e a o e e e , o e e
m at r i a l o w o r k m ans hi p
e r d t h e c o ntract o r s h a ll r e st r e suc h wo r k at hi s
, an o
o wn xp e ns e
e .
”
1 2
1 1 Eng N ews
. Su p .
, V ol 5 0 p 30
. 5 . . .
Eng N e ws
. Su p .
, V o l 5 0 p 3 65
. , . .
U n n e c e s sa ry S e v e r i t y 27l
ti o n m i g ht b e g r e atly r e duc e d .
1 65 U n n e c e s s a ry Se v e r i t y —In d ra w i n g s p e ci fi cati o n s f o r a
. .
o f t e n t h e m ini m u m li m its o f a s p e ci fi e d t e st a r e fi x e d at o r n e a r t h e
s e cu r e d by i m p r o v e m e nt i n de si g n .
1 66 . .
si d e r o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o ll o w in g s p e ci fi cati o ns a n d b o th criticis e t h e ,
a m in e c r i t i c a l l
y e ach s p e ci fi cati o n t o s e e w h e r e in it is o bscur e v e rb o s e
'
, ,
1 . B r o k n t o n s h a ll b e f q ua li t y a p p r v d by t h
s e e o ng i n r d s h all o e e e ee an
be o f cu b e s f suc h s iz as w ill p ass t h r
o g h a t w i nc h r i ng —Eng N e w s
e ou o .
”
.
Su p , V ol . 51 , p . 1 49 .
2 72 Pre p a ra t io n o f S p e c i fi ca t i o n s
2 c ntract o r m ust m p l o y a co m p e t e nt m ch an i c s el ct ed by t h e
. Th e o e e , e
e ng i n r wh o un d rstan d s a d s p a k s Engli s h
ee , d o t a com m n l ab o r er e n e , an n o ,
t o m ak t h j o i nts o f t h e p i p s w r Eng N ws S p V o l 5 1 p 1 49
%
e e e e e . . e u .
, .
, . .
51 , p 1 29 . .
4
“
Th e m o rtar s d i n m as nr y a d b r i c k w o r k s h a ll b m a d f h y
. u e o n e e o
Vo l . 51 p . 49 .
5 ng i n e r m st b e p r m i tt d t r m ov suc h p o rt i o ns o f t h
. Th e e e u e e o e e e
w o r k as h e m y f r m t i m e t t i m t hi n k n e c es sar y f o d i sc o ve r y o f i m p r o p e r
a o o e r
m at r i a l s o w o r k m ans hi p a d t h
e c o ntract o r s h a ll r st o r e suc h w r k at
r , n e e o
hi s w xp e ns — Eng N ws S p V l 5 0 p 3 6 5
o n e e .
”
. e u , o .
, . .
6 A ll t i m b r s d i n t h tr nc h d l f t t h r e s h a ll b e p a i d f o at c r
.
“
e u e e e an e e r u
r nt rat s Eng N ws S p V l 5 0 p 3 05
e e .
-
. e u .
, o .
, . .
r e nt y 1 2 wh e l scrap rs at 0 c nt ac h p d y Eng N ws Su p
ou 5 e e e s e er a .
”
. e .
,
Vol 5 1 .
, p . 1 69 .
m nt h m a k a d fi l
o w i t h t h e Su p e r i nt n d e nt o f Pu bli c W r k s an st i
e n e e o , e
ditio o f t hi s c ntract d ur i ng t h
ns p r e c d i ng m o nt h a d c o m p t
o t h e va l u e e e , n u e
t h r o f T h Su p r i nt e n d e nt f Pu bli c W r k s m y w i t hi n fi f t n d a y s
e e . e e o o a ee
t h r a f t r at hi s ffic p y t t h e c ontract o r f r m t h e m o n e y w hi c h s h a ll
e e e o e, a o o
h av e b e n a p p r p r i at d f r t h at p ur p os a m t t o xc ee d n i n t y p r
e o e o e, su no e e e
c nt o f t h v l u e o f t h e w o r k p r f o r m ed a d m at e r i a l f urn i s h d as o r
e e a e n e s ce
t i fi e d by t h Eng i n e r — Eng R ec Ju ly 2 7 1 9 07 p 85
e e . . .
, , . .
9 T r enc h s h a ll b e fi ll e d wi t h s p c i a l car e T h e ng i n e r m ay i f h e
.
“
es e . e e ,
d e m s n c ssar y r qu i r
e e e m a n ta m p i ng t o
e ach m an fi lli ng i n o r m a y
, e e on e ,
p en s t iao — Eng N ws S p V l 5 0 p 1 2 5
n .
”
. e u , o .
, . .
1 0 I t i s xp r ss ly s p c i fi e d t h at i n e nt r i ng i nt o t h agr em e nt t o p e r
“
. e e e e e e
f rm t h
o w o r k h r i n s p c i fi d t h e c o ntract o r a d m i ts t h at h h as r e a d e ac h
e e e e e , e
a d e v r y c l aus e o f t h e s e s p e c i ficat i o ns
n e d th c i rcu l ar f i nstruct i ons f u lly an e o ,
un d rstan d s t h e m an i ng f t h sa m
e d t h at h will c o m p ly wi t h a ll t h e
e o e e, an e
r q u i r m ents h e r i n s t f rt h — Eng N ws S p V ol 5 0 p 3 2 1
e e e e o .
”
. e u .
,
'
.
, . .
T h e s w r w ill b e m asur e d a l ng i ts c e nt e r li n e T h e p r i ce b i d
“
11 . e e e o .
p e r li n e a l f o o t o f s we r w ill i nc l d a ll xp ns f o r l a b r a d f o r m at r i a l
e u e e e e o n e
n d d t o c o m p l te t h e s we r ; d o a d d i t i na l p ay m e nt w ill b e m a d e f o r
ee e e e an n o
b rac i ng p u m p i ng str e e t r p a i r i ng o r an y o t h e r t hi ng i nv o l ve d i n c o m p l e t i ng
, , e
t h e s we r Eng N ws Su n V o l 5 0 p 2 5 7 ”
e .
-
. e , .
, . .
12 A ll c l a y d s p o ng y m at r i a l s h a ll b e r m oved t o a d p t h t o b d
.
“
an e e e e e
e n e ee n e e e o
m aca d a m ) d s h a ll b e r p l ac e d w i t h suc h m at r i a l as t h e e ng i n e e r m ay
an e e
—
,
d i r ct e Eng N w s S p V l 5 0 p 2 5 7
. . e u .
,
o .
, . .
2 74 Pr e p a ra t i o n o f S p e c i fi c at io n s
L IT ERA T URE
Wr i t i ng o f S p c i ficat i ns P i nts t b o b s e rve d i n p r p arat i o n f
Th e e o . o o e e o
Th eo C o p e r Eng R Ap 1 5 1 89 3 p 3 9 5
. o . . ec . r. , , . .
N t e s Pr p ar i ng S p ec i ficat i o ns U S Rec l a m at i n S rv i c e S o m e p r i n
o on e , . . o e .
ci p l to b e
es b s rv d Eng N ws V l 5 7 p 6 49 Eng R V o l 5 5 p 7 01
o e e . . e , o .
, . . . ec . .
, . .
Mat 1 9 03 by Dr C B Du d l y Eng N ew s V l 5 0 p 3 9
.
, . . . e . .
, o .
, . .
bi d s s h o u l d b m a d e o sa m e b as i s by C D H ill Eng N w s V l 7 4 N o 2 5
e n , . . . . e , o .
, . .
T h e A p p li cat i n o f S p e c i ficat i ns Pr s i d nt i a l A d d r ss b e f o r e l 6t h
o o . e e e ah
p . 20 .
Eng i n e e rs C o ntract rs a d S p c i fic t i ns Cr i t i c i s m f un f a i r d i
, o n e a o . o an n
d e fin i t e s p c i ficat i o ns Ed i t r i a l Eng N w s V o l 48 p 2 1 3
e . o . . e , . , . .
f r o m a d d r ss t o Am So c T e st Mat Jun e 1 9 1 4
e A N T a lb t Va l u e o f e
. . . .
, . . . o . r
s arc h i n w r i t i ng s p ec i ficat i ns En g R c V o l 7 0 p 3 6
e o . . e . .
, . .
W h o S h o u l d Pr p ar S p c i ficat i ns E d i t r i a l Di sc ss s a d vantag s f
e e e o ? o . u e e o
u s i ng stan d ar d s p ec i ficat i ns d bj ct i o ns t o s p c i fic t i ns p r e p ar ed by i o an o e e a o n
t e re t d p rt i s suc h as m an f actur e r
s e a Eng N w s V o l 3 6 p p 1 2 1 1 5 4
e u . . e , .
, .
, .
C l ar S p e c i f yi ng a d t h e N va Sc t i an St e l C a l La w su i t D e s i ra bili t y
e n o o e -
o .
Th Ev il s f I n d fin i t e P l ans a d S p c i ficat i ns E d i t r i a l E g R c
e o e n e o . o . n . e .
V ol . 70 p , . 65 5 .
t i o ns Eng R e c V o l 5 5 p 4 5 4
. . . .
, . .
. a o o oc . . . . o , r .
,
.
N ws V l 5 8 p 3 5 6
e , o .
, . .
fi e t h e wo r k
n E d i t r i a l Eng N ew s V l 5 5 p 1 2 8
. o . .
, o .
, . .
C l ar k e Ca Eng V o l 2 3 p 2 29
. n . . . , . .
C H AP T ER XV I
T E C H N I CAL S P E C I F I CAT I O N S
1 67 . B r e a d th N e c e s s ar y —E n g i n e e rin g sp e c ifi
of K n o w l ed g e .
r
p p e a r e d si m ilar a
p p e rs t h e d i ff e r e nc e in
,
c o n d iti o ns t h e a d vanc es ,
p o s s ib l e u sually r e qu ir e th o u g h t f u l p r e p arati o n a n d a r e a dj u st m e nt
,
o f t h e i d e a s that ha v e p r e vi o u s ly b e e n e m b o d i e d i n su ch a e rs
p p .
In al m o st e v e ry i m po rtant w o rk n e w c o n d iti o ns a n d n e w r e q u i r e
,
o f t h e m at e rial a n d p r o c e s s e s b e s t a d a p t e d t o t h e p a rticu la r ca s e at
f o u n d t o o li m i t e d f o r h i s f u ll i n f o r m ati o n .
1 68 D e ta il e d I n f o rm ati o n N e e d e d — In t h e p r e p arat i o n o f
.
s e s s a c o m p r e h e n si v e a n d d e t a i l e d kn o w l e d g e o f :
F ir s t Th e qualiti e s a n d charact e ristics o f t h e vari o us m at e rials
.
S e co n d T h e u sual a n d p racticabl e m e th o d s o f p e r f o r m in g t h e
.
a n d i s n o t u s u ally p o ss e ss e d by t h e y o un g e n g in e e r o r by an e n g in e e r
Fo u r th A kn o w l e d g e o f t h e m e th o d s o r d inarily e m p l o y e d by t h e
.
o r stru ctu r e .
Fi f t h
. Th e e x p e ri e nc e w hich w ill f o r e s e e t h e n e c e ssa ry m at e rials
a n d m e th o d s t o b e e m p l o y e d d i ffi culti e s t o b e o v e rc o m e an d c o ntin
, ,
g e n c i e s t o b e m e t in t h e w o rk
'
T h e m o r e c o m p l et e t h e kn o w l e d g e o f t h e subj e ct t h e b e tt e r t h e ,
kn o w l e dg e in cl e ar a n d e xact lan g ua g e .
1 69 O u t li n e —T h e d e ta il e d r e qui r e m e nt s o f t h e s p e ci fi cati o n s
.
t h e e n g in e e r d e sir e s t o u se as m o d e ls m a y b e u s e d so f a r a s th e y a p p ly
,
1 7 0 T h e U se o f Pu b l i s h e d Sp e c i fi ca t i o n s — In t h e p r e p ara ti o n
.
e m brac e d in t h e e x p e ri e nc e o f th e ir e n g in ee r t h e usual m e th o d h as ,
i m po rtanc e .
Th e r e i s n o b e tt e r s o u rc e o f i n f o r m ati o n tha n w e ll p r e p ar e d s p e c i
fi c a t i o n s n o r a b e tt e r m e th o d o f s tu d y th an by a c o m p ari s o n o f t h e
p ractic e o f a nu m b e r o f e x p e r i e nc e d e n g in e e rs as e x p r e ss e d by th e i r
s p e ci fi cati o ns a n d n o b e tt e r m e th o d o f p r e parati o n than t h e a do p ti o n
,
1 S i m il ar ut li n s t t h s e s gg st e d
o e p u bli s h e d
o o u e a re
f or s p ci ficati ns d st i m ate s )
e o an e .
th e Eng i n r i ng Mag zi n
ee (S S p c i ficat i n D i g e st )
a e. ee e o .
P u b li s h e d S p e c i fi c a t i o n s
i n g is n ot a d e s i rab l e
bj e c t I n m o s t cas e s t h e m o r e o ri g i n al a s p e c
o .
ifi ca t i o n i s t h e p o o r e r i t i s
, W e ll e stabli sh e d p r e c e d e n t i s a sa f e
.
gu i d e t o f o ll o w e s p e c i ally w h e n pr o c e e d i n g b e y o n d t h e d o m ai n o f p e r
,
w e l l es t a b li s h e d an d is a p r o p e r p r e c e de nt f o r t h e c o n d iti o n at han d .
wh o f o ll o w it .
If t h e e n g i n e e r i s in t o o m uch o f a hurry o r i s t o o in d o l e nt t o
stu dy h i s subj e ct a n d t o p r o p e rly in f o r m hi m s e l f h e i s quit e sur e t o
,
Am o n g t h e d an g e rs o f c o p y i n g a s p e c i fi cat i o n i s tha t t h e s p e c i fi c a
ti o n is o f t e n inc o m p l e t e unl e ss t h e d ra win g o f t h e w o rk w h ich i s an
,
t h e d ra win g s a r e s e l d o m r e p e at e d in t h e s p e ci fi cati o ns ; h e nc e i f t h e
s p e ci fi cati o ns a r e car e l e ssly c o p i e d w ith o ut d u e c o nsi de rati o n th e y
, ,
m a y b e c o nsi d e r e d as c o m p l e t e i n th e m s e lv e s w h e r e such i s n o t t h e
,
bl o ck s s h a ll b e 4 i n wi d t h a n d 1 2 i n l e ng t h
”
.
d e p th b e in g do ubtl e ssly sh o w n o n t h e d ra w in g t o w hi ch t h e sp e c ifi ca
ti o ns r e f e r
Si m p l e Spe c ifi ca t i o n s —I n t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e s i m
.
1 71 .
kn o wl e d g e m ay b e r e q u ir e d w h e n bi d s a r e r e c e iv e d in o r de r that an
int elli g e nt ch o ic e m a y b e m a d e as t o t h e m ann e r a n d m e th o d in w hich
th ey w ill b e b e st f ul fi ll e d .
t h e r e q u i r e m e nts a r e t o b e m e t .
ti o n wh ich it is p ro p o s e d t o f urnish u n de r a s pe c i fi c b i d .
1 74 . T h e U se of Sta n d a r d M at e ri a l s an d Me t h o d s —Sp e c ifi c a
ti o n s n o t o n l y bi n d t h e c o nt ract o r t o p e r fo r m h i s w o rk i n a c e rtai n
m ann e r a n d t o f u rni sh m at e rial o f a c e rtain g ra d e but th e y al s o
, ,
o r d i na ry
p ract i c e i t i s d e s i rabl e t o s p e c i f y o nly su ch ch aract e r o f m a
chin e s m at e rial su pp li e s o r m e th o d s a s m ay b e f o un d o n t h e m ark e t
, ,
t o o c o m m o n a n d f r e qu e ntly r e su l t in un w arrant e d e x p e ns e s e ri o u s ,
tr o ubl e an d s o m e ti m e s in l e g al c o m plicati o ns .
1 75 I n flu e nc e o f Sp e c i fi c at i o n s o n M at e ri al a n d M e th o d s
. .
m at e ria l i s f o u n d m o r e o r l e s s u n su it e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e f o r w h ich i t
i s u s e d a n d that p u r p o s e i s o f i m po rtanc e its us e rs w ill s oo n de m an d
, ,
p a r e s p e ci fi cati o n s w h i ch w i ll b ri n g ab o u t t h e r e qui r e d i m p r o v e m e nt s .
m a d e al o n g p racticabl e lin e s .
D e fi n it e Re q u ir e m e n t s
m o rally n o r l e g al ly ca n a m a n b e h e l d r e s p o n s ib l e f o r r e s ult s w h i ch
a r e e nti r e ly b e y o n d h i s c o n tr o l .
i t e m o f t h e e x p e n s e i nv o lv e d m u s t b e ca r e f ully n o t e d f o r e s p e ci ally , ,
era b l e e xtra e x p e n s e .
t h e e x p e n s e o f su ch a t e s t i s c o v e r e d b y a n a d d it i o na l c o m p e n sat i o n
t o m e e t t h e c o st o f m akin g t h e m .
1 77 D e fi n it e R e q u i r em en t s —In t h e p r e p arati o n o f Sp e c i fi c a
.
e n g i n e e r i s m o r e o r l e s s u n f a m ili ar th e r e i s al w ay s a t e n d e n cy t o
,
sh o u l d n o t b e s p e ci fi e d t o b e a m p l e o r su ffi c i e n t “
Su ch s p e c i fi c a
” “
.
”
l ey . A dd r ss Am
e . So c . f o T e st i ng Mat r i a l s 1 9 0
r e 4 Se e Eng N e ws V o l 5 1
. . . , . ,
p . 5 92 .
2 84 Te c h n ica l S p e c i fi c a t i o n
T h e qu e st i o n a s t o w hat t h e t e r m s a m p l e su ffi ci e n t e t c a r e , ,
.
,
th e i r n a t u r e n e c e s s a r i ly b e s o m e w h at i n e xa c t a n d i n de fi ni t e b u t w h e n
, ,
cati o n s a n d d e fi n e d by a s p e ci fi ca ti o n s o m e w h at a s f o ll o w s :
Wh en eve r o acco unt o f t h e natur e o f t h e w o r k m ans hi p
n m at r i a l t o or e
such w r k o m at r i a l i n exact o i n d fin i t e an d a e s p e c i fi e d t o b e fi st
o r e ,
r e ,
r
‘
r
d i v i d ua l m y var y t h e n
a ,d i n t h at v nt t h ng i n ee r s h a ll b e t h e s o l
an e e , e e e
j u d g o f t h e f u l fi llm ent o f t h e sa m e
e .
”
i fi cati o n s h av e r e c e iv e d t h e c ar e f ul c o n s i d e rat i o n o f ex p e rt s w h o h av e
h a d m u ch e x p e ri e n c e i n t h e m a nu f actu r e an d u s e o f t h e m at e ri al a n d
’
a r e t h e r e s u l t o f a v e ry f r e e a n d f u l l d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e vari o u s p r a c
a d o p ti o n by t h e e n g in e e r s e e m s t o b e d e s i rabl e u nl e s s t h e p e cu lia r
c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e cas e i n han d m ak e cha n g e s i n t h e r e qu i r e m e n ts e s
s e n t ia l T h e s ta n d a r d s p e ci fi c ati o n a n d i t s r e qu ir e m e n ts a r e u sually
.
w i d e ly k n o w n t o m a nu f actu r e rs an d c o ntra ct o rs a n d t h e c o s t o f t h e ,
R e qu i r e m e n ts m o r e s e v e r e o r ra d ically d i ff e r e nt f r o m a w e ll e s tab
l i sh e d stan d ar d m a y s e ri o u sly a ff e c t a n d r e n d e r u nc e rtai n t h e p ri c e s
w h i ch m a y b e d e m an d e d D e p artu r e f r o m su ch s ta n d ar d s sh o u l d
.
th e r e f o r e b e m a d e w ith ca r e a n d o nly f o r g o o d a n d su ffi ci e nt r e a
sons .
C H A P T ER XV I I
1 7g . F u n d a m e n ta l E l e m e nt s o f S p e c i fi c a t i o n s — P u n da m e n t a l
m at e rials a n d p r o c e ss e s a r e fi rst intr o d uc e d in t h e d iscussi o n o f sp e
c ifi c a t i o n s n o t o n ac c o unt o f th e ir si m p licity but o n acc o unt o f t h e f act
a n d p r o c e s s e s u n it e d t o g e th e r i n a c o m p l e t e a n d c o n s i s t e n t w h o l e
, ,
T h e r e a r e i n f act n o s p e c i fi c at i o n s m o r e d i ffi c u lt t o p r e p ar e th an
th o s e f o r f un da m ental m at e rials a n d p r o c e ss e s Th e ir acc u rat e p r ep
.
c o ntr o ll e d in a s p e ci fi cati o n i s n o t t h e c o m m o n kn o w l e d g e o f t h e e n g i
nee r .
s u m e r e xc e p t w h e n t h e d e v e l o p m e nt ha s b e e n e xt e nsiv e ly a p p li e d a n d ,
c u ss e d t h e d i ffi culti e s 1 n i t s u se b e c o m e kn o w n t h e e ff e cts o f de si g n
, , ,
a r di z e d in its c o m m o n a
pp licati o n a n d by r e f e r e nc e t o such stan d ar d s
,
e x p e ns e ,
r e p lac e m e nts a r e n e c e ssary a n d d a m a ge s m ay b e inv o lv e d ,
t a b li sh e d t h e g uarant e e s can b e m o r e a n d m o r e li m it e d o r m ay b e c o m e
,
1 81
“
. T o t h e Sati s f ac ti o n o f t h e E n g i n e e r —As w ith e v e ry
.
t e r ia l o r p r o c e ss shall b e f urnish e d o r d o n e t o t h e c o m p l e t e sa t i s f ac
ti o n o f t h e e n g in ee r Th e e n g in e e r m ay n o t a n d f r e qu e ntly d o e s n o t
.
,
Th e s e castin g s w h e n r e c e iv e d a n d u po n u se we r e v e ry u n sa t i sf a c
to ry So m e br o k e w ith in a f e w h o u rs a n d all br o k e w ithin a co m
.
an d s u it e nt e r e d d urin g t h e t e sti m o ny d e v e l o p e d as f o ll o w s :
3
l b s s t e e l w h i ch w o u l d a m o u n t t o f r o m
.
, p e r c e nt t o per c e n t
cal cu lati n sh ows er cent ) th at vana d i u m u t i nt o ca s tin g s
( o p p
vari e s f ro m p e r c e nt t o p e r c e nt s o m e ti m e s h i g h e r if,it i s
o r d e r e d hi g h e r ; als o that t h e a m o unt o f f e rr o vana d i u m l o st in t h e
t h e vana d iu m c o nt e nt o f t h e castin g s t o b e p e r c e nt a n d pe r
c e nt ; carb o n c o nt e nt p e r c e nt a n d
, p e r c e nt A m e t al lu r .
g i st s tat e d th a t t h e a d d it i o n o f l b s o f f e rr o van a d iu m .
per
c e n t vana d iu m ) t o l b s o f s t e e l w o ul d b e e qu i val e n t i n r o u n d
.
va na d i u m s t e e l a n d th at t h e t w o ca sti n g s i n qu e st i o n sh o w e d nu m e r
,
’
a f t e r t h e ca st in g s w e r e b r o k e n th e y o b s e rv e d nu m e r o u s h o l e s .
“
N o t w ithstan d in g t h e f o r e g o in g t e sti m o ny as t o t h e vana d iu m
c o nt e nt a n d de f e cts o f t h e castin g s a d e ci si o n w a s g iv e n f o r t h e ,
p lainti ff
”
.
It i s e vi d e nt f ro m t h e ab o v e a n d f ro m nu m e ro u s o th e r instanc e s
.
, ,
3 Eng Ne ws .
, V o l 7 4, p p
. . 9 46 7
-
.
U n sa t i s fa c t or y S p e c i fi c a t i o n s 29 ]
p u r p o s e s t o g r e at e r o r l e ss e xt e nt f o r m any y e ars .
RON Z E CAST I N G S B
A ll b r n z e cast i ngs s h a ll b m a d e f e w m e ta l s h a ll b f r f r m o h
o e o n , e ee o
j ti
ec b l e i m p r f ct i ns
on a d s h a ll c n f r m acc rat ly t
e e p att rns
o Wh n
an o o u e o e . e
th cast i ngs
e b i ng m ac hi n d i f t h m e ta l s h w s s i gns f i m p e r f t m i x
are e e ,
e o o ec
i ng t h y s h ll b r j ect d Un l ss o t h r w i s ca ll d f i n t h s p ec i ficat i ns
, e a e e e . e e e e or e o ,
or u p n th o d ra w i ngs b r n z e w h r i n d i cat d u p n t h
e d ra w i ngs s h ll m an
, o e e e o e a e
m ang n s b r n z e
“
a e e o .
,
’
or e
’
an e s e b r n z d s h a ll h av a t ns il
o e, an str ngt h f t l ss t h an 4 5 p c nt e e e e o no e er e .
c nte .
B RAS S R I VE T R OD
pe s q ar i nc h Th e e l ast i c li m i t s h a ll b e t l ss t h an
r u e .
p un d s p e no e o r
s q uar i nc h a d t h e e l ngat i n t l e ss t h an 2 0p e c e nt
e , n o o no r .
S T EMS
Th m a i n gat st e m s h a ll b
e f m angan s e b r o n z e e th r b r nze of e o e , or o e o
a p p r ve d c m p s i t i o n o f suc h d i m ens i o ns t h at w h n p l ac d i n t ns i o n n d r
o o o , e e e u e
a l a d i n p n d s q l t t h e are o f t h va l v o p n i ng i n s q ar i nch e s m l
o ou e ua o a e e e u e u
t i p l i d b y 1 25 t h
e m i n i m m r ss s ct i n f t h
, e st m s h ll h av a r su l t nt u c o -
e o o e e a e e a
u n i t str ss ot xc d i ng t w t hi r d s t h l st i c li m i t f t h m at r i l us e d
e n e ee o -
e e a o e e a .
Th s st e m s s h ll b t rn d stra i g h t d tr e d s h ll h av a ll t h r ea d s l at h e
e e a e u e an u an a e
cu t .
292 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r M a t e r ia l s an d S u p p l ie s
ROLLED B RON Z E
W h n eve r t h t rm b r o n z i s us d i n t h s s p i ficat i ns i n a g e n era l
e e e e
"
e e e ec o
vana d i m b r n z e
u m n e l m ta l
o , W h n v r t h c h aract r i st i cs f an y m
or o e . e e e e e o a
ter ai l t p art i cu l ar ly s p c i fi d s c h m at r i a l s h a ll b
a re no us d as i s cus t o
e e , u e e e
Th m i n i m u m p h y s i ca l p r o p rt i e s o f b r o n z s h a ll exc p t as o t h r wi e
e e e , e e s
s p ec i fi e d b e as f o ll ows
,
CAS TI N G S
U l t i m at t ns il str ngth e e e e lb p s q I n . er . .
Y i l d p i nt
e o lb p s q i n . er . .
E l ngat i o n
o 2 5 p e c e nt r .
ROLLE D MA T E R I AL
U l t i m at str ngt h e e lb p r s q i
. e . n .
Y i l d p i nt
e o lb p s q i n
. er . .
E l ng t i no a o 2 8 per c nte .
U l t i m at str ngt h e e lb p s q i n . er . .
Y i l d p i nt
e o lb p e s q i . r . n .
~
E l ngat i n
o o 28 p c nt er e .
“
A f t r b e i ng f rg d i nt a b ar r ll e d
e o f rg d b r n z
e s h a ll stan d first
o , o or o e o e ,
h a m m r i ng h t t a fi p i nt ; s c n d b n d i ng c l d t h r ugh an ang l f 1 2 0
e o o ne o e o , e o o e o
d e gr e s t a ra d i us e q a l t o t h t hi c k n ss f t h e b ar
e o u e e o .
y e ars a f t e r t h e m at e rial h a d b e e n r e c e iv e d a n d a f t e r t h e t e st s h a d in d i
ca t e d that t h e m at e rial w a s e nti r e ly satis f act o ry E v e n t h e u se o f h o t .
r i ca t i o n .
b App li e d
str e ss e s d u e t o u se
. .
Se c o n d : D a m a g e by w r o n g h e at tr e at m e nt as i n f o r g in g , b e n d in g ,
1 84
. B a s i s o f C o rr e c t Spe c ifi ca t i o n s —F r o m t h e d i s cu s si o n i n
t h e t w o p r e vi o us s e cti o ns it is e vi d e nt that t h e p r e p arati o n o f sp e c ifi c a
b e c o m e e xtr e m e ly i m p o rtant .
Si z e sha p e a n d d i m e nsi o n
,
.
f ractur e .
P hysical c o m p o siti o n .
H ar d n e ss a n d e lasticity .
Ca l o r ific Qu a li t ies .
Co n d uctivity .
H e atin g valu e ( f u e ls ) .
El e c tr i ca l P r o per t i es .
Sp e c ifi c r e sistanc e .
Re lativ e c o n d uctivity .
Ch e m i ca l P r o per t i es .
At o m ic w e i g ht .
Ch e m ical
c o m p o siti o n .
Ch e m ical c o m binati o n .
C h e m ical i m p uriti e s .
Co rr o d ibility .
m a y b e c o rr e s p o n d in g ly h e l p f ul in t h e s e l e cti o n Th e s e p r o pe rti e s m ay .
n e c e ssary .
c o ntr o l o f t h e de si r e d r e sults m ay b e e ff e ct e d in o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l
l o w in g w ays w h ich a r e h o w e v e r m o r e o r l e ss d i r e ctly r e lat e d ; na m e ly
,
e
t B y ins p e cti o n .
a
b
B y t e sts .
{
A
-
B y g uarant e e s .
C
h
B y r e quirin g t h e e quival e nt o f a s e l e ct e d stan d ar d
. .
1 85 C o m p o si ti o n o r P r o p o r t i o n a n d M an i p u l ati o n o r W o rk
.
charact e r a n d siz e o f t h e st o n e .
T e st s — W h e n a d e tai l e d k n o w
.
1 87 . l e d g e o f t h e e ff e c t o f va ri
o u s qualiti e s is availabl e t h e c o ntr o l o f w o rk a n d m at e rial by m e ans o f
,
etc
.
,
m a y b e s e l e ct e d o n t h e basis o f satis f act o ry r e sults o f actual e x
1 9 0 B y C o m p a ri s o n w i t h a St an d ar d —M at e ri al s
. su pp li e s ,
na m e d i f p racticabl e
, .
which a r e t o b e us e d b e f o r e s pe ci fi cati o ns f o r t h e sa m e a r e p r e p ar e d
,
.
2 . P r o pe r fi e s .
3 . a
U sep p licati
or o n .
4 P r o c e ss e s o f m anu f actur e
. .
5 Manu f actur e rs de al e rs e t c
.
, ,
.
6 Me th o d s o f u se
. .
7 C u rr e nt p ric e s
. .
8 R e f e r e nc e t o s o u rc e s o f in f o r m at i o n
. .
f r o m m o r e than a sin g l e s o u rc e .
in f o r m ati o n.
A f t e r t h e 1 n ve st 1 ga t i o n 1 5 c o m p l e t e d an o utlin e sh oul d b e p r ep ar e d
,
t h e m at e rial o r e l e m e nt i s n e e d e d ( se e Se cti o ns 1 9 4 a n d a ft e r
w hich t h e s p e ci fi cati o ns can th e n b e p r e p ar e d .
pe ns e .
s ti t n ts i n t h
ue p r o d uct w ill a ff ct t h at p r o d uct i n s rv i c
e d it i n ly by e e e, an s o
th etw w o r ki ng t o g t h r a d c m bi n i ng t h e s p c i a l k n o wl d g w hi c h e ac h
o e e , n o e e e
8 A c m p l t w r k abl s p c i ficat i o n s h ou l d c o n t a i n t h i n f o r m at i o n
.
“
o e e o e e e
n ee d d by a ll t h o s w h m st n ec ssar ily e i t i n o b ta i n i ng t h m at e r i a l
e e o u e us ,
e
d si r d
e On ra il r a ds t hi m y i nv l ve t h e p urc h as i ng ag nt t h e m anu
e . o s a o e ,
f actur r t h i ns p ct r t h ng i n r o f t sts t h c h m i st d t h s wh o
e , e e o ,
e e ee e , e e ,
an o e u se
er ti es f th m t rial t h
o m th od
e f sa m p li ng t h
a e a m o unt c ov r d by o e
, e e o , e e e n
9 W h r m t h d s o f t t i ng
.
“
e e ana ly s i s
e i ns p ct i o n e we ll k no w n
o es or or e ar
W h r e w o un sua l t sts r r qu i r d
e ne r wh ru d i ff r nt w e ll k n o w ne a e e e , or e e e e -
m t h o d s g i ve d i ff r nt r e su l ts i t i s ss nt i a l t
e e m bod y i n t h
e s p c i ficat i n , e e o e e e o ,
su ffic i nt d e scr i p t i n t o p r v nt d b t
e a m bi gu i t y
o e e ou or .
1 0 T h e sam p l e f
. t st r p r s nt i ng a s hi p m nt f m at r i a l s h o u l d
or e e e e e o e
11 Th am o unt o f m at r i a l r p r s e nt d by
. e sam p l can b e st b e d e e e e e on e e
c i d d by t h natur f t h m at r i a l i ts i m p rtanc
e e e d i ts p r b a bl
o ei e , o e, an o e un
f r m i t y as a ff e ct d by i ts m t h o d
o , f m n f actur e e N o un i v e rsa l ru l e can e o a u .
b e g i ve n
12 T h e p urc h s r h as a r i g h t t
. assu m e t h at v r y bi t o f t h m at e r i a l
a e o e e e
t h at i s w h at b c ntract e d f o d xp cts t o p y f o
e o I t s h ou l d m ak e v r y r an e e a r . e
li tt l d i ff r e nc t h e r f r w h at p art f t h e s hi p m ent t h e sa m p l e c om e s
e e e, e o e, o
fr m o o h o w i t i s ta k n
, r Av rag sam p l s m a d p o f a nu m b r o f s b e . e e e e u e u
r o w t h at t h e y d o o t c o v r t h e o r d i nar y i rr g l ar i t i s o f g o d p ract i c
n in
e e u e o e
m anu f actur e .
13 R t sts o f m at r i a l t h at h as nc f a il d s h u l d o n ly b as k e d f o r
.
“
e e e o e e o e
14 S i m p l f a i rn s r q u i r s t h at w h n i t i s d s i r d t h at m at e r i a l o nce
.
“
e es e e e e e
f a i r ly r e j ct e d s h u l d n ve rt h l ss b e us d s o m
e o c nc ss i n i n p r i c s h l d
e e e e , e o e o e ou
b e m ad e .
15 W h r co m m rc i a l transact i ns a e b t w n h n ra bl p o p l e t h e re
. e e e o r e ee o o e e ,
i s o r a l n e c ss i t y f o m ar ki ng r j ct d m at e r i a l t p r v nt i ts b i ng i
n e e r e e e , o e e e o
f er ed a s ec o n d t i m e If i t h as f a il d o nc e i t w ill p r b a bly f a il a s c n d
. e , o e o
ti m e,n d i f r turn f r i g h t i s r i g i d ly c ll ct e d
a e r turn e d shi p m nts t h e
e o e on e e
s o as y f o t h e c ns m r t p t an i nc ns p i cu us p r i vate m ar k o r j ect e d
e r o u e o u o o n e
m at e r i a l t h at i t i s b e li v d f w w ill car t i nc r t h e p r o b a bl e l ss f b us i
, e e e e o u o o
n s t h at w ill r su l t f r m t h d t ct i n o f an ff o rt t o d i s p o s o f a r j ct e d
es e o e e e o e e e e
s hi p m nt by ff e r i ng i t a s c n d t i m
e o e o e .
Ex a m p l e o f I n v e s t i ga t i o n 303
t i m e t o t i m e as w i n f r m at i n i s o b ta i n d d e t p r gr ss i n k n o w l d g
, ne o o e , u o o e e e,
c h a ng s i n m t h o d s o f m anu f actur
e d c h ang s i n t h
e f m at r i a l s e, an e e u se o e .
A w s p c i fic t i n t h at i s
ne e fo a m at r i a l whi c h h hi t h rt o b n
a o , on e r e as e ee
b o gh t o t h r e p utat i n f t h m ak rs d w i t h ut an y xa m i nat i n as t o
u n e o o e e an o e o
m o nt h s a f t e r i t i s first i ssu e d
,
.
17 I n t h n f rc m nt f s p ec i ficat i ns i t i s un d u b t d ly b r ac h o f
.
“
e e o e e o o , o e a e
c o ntract l eg i t i m at ly l a d i ng t a r j ect i o n i f t h s p c i fi d t e st s g i ve r su l t s
e e o e ,
e e e e
no t w h o lly w i t hi n t h li m i ts d t hi s i s e s p c i a lly tr e i f t h e li m i t s r e a
e , an e u a re
s b l y wi d e
on a B t i t m ust b r m m b r d t h at o t sts g i ve t h a b s l ut
. u e e e e e n e e o e
m a y actua lly b a ll r i g h t I t se m s t e be tt r t h r e f r t o a ll ow a s m a ll
. e o us e , e o e,
i n t h m t h o d f t e st i ng m p l o y d d a ll w f t hi s m arg i n i n t h e o r i g i na l
e e o e e , an o or
li m i ts wh n t h s p c i ficat i o ns r d raw n
, e e e a e .
18 Man y p r o d uc rs bj ct t o s p c i ficat i ns o t h e gr o un d t h at t h y
. e o e e o n e
f ar d t h at t h
e e c o m p l a i nt i s j u t i n t h cas s o f m an y un wi s ly d r w n
e ,
s ,
e e e a
s p c i ficat i o ns
e B t i t sh l d b e r m m b r d t h at a g d r as o na bl p e i fi
. u ou e e e e oo e e s c
p r o d uc r d c o nsu m r
e an d whi c h i s r i g i d ly n f rc d i s t h e b st p ss ibl
e , an e o e , e o e
p r t ct i n w hi c h t h
o e h n e st m anu f actur r can h ave aga i nst un f a i r c om p et i
o e o e
ti n o .
e nc s m s t i n d i cat t h t a f t r a s p c i ficat i n h p a d wh at m y b ca ll d
e ee o e a e e o as ss e a e e
2 0 A c o m p l e t e w r k a bl e s p e c i ficat i o n f m at r i a l r e p r s nts a v r y
“
. o or e e e e
hi g h o r d r f wo r k I t s h ou l d c m bi n wi t hi n i t s l f t h h ar m n iz d t go
e o . o e e e o e an a
n si t i c i nt r sts f b o t h t h e p r d uc r
e e d th
o c nsu m r i t s h u l d h ave t h o e an e o e , o e
f w e st p
e s ibl r qu i r m e nt c o ns i st nt w i t h s cur i ng sat i s f act r y mat r i a l
os e e e s e e o e ,
s hou l d b co m p r e h ns i v as t l av o c h anc e f r am bi gu i t y o r d o u b t
e so e e o e e n o ,
a d abov
n a ll s h o u l d m b d y w i t hi n i ts l f t h r su l ts o f t h e l at st a d b st
e e o e e e e n e
s tu d i s o f t h e p r p rt i s o f t h e m at e r i a l w hi c h i t c o v rs
e o e e e .
1 93 E xa m p l e o f I n v e s ti g at i o n
. .
u e
Har d n ss 3 e .
P hy s i ca l Pr p e rt i s o e
Sp i fi grav i t y — a Cast
ec c .
,
b W i r ( c o n d uct o rs ) ; . e
c R o ll d . e ,
R l at iv s p ec i fic grav i t y ( c m par d w i t h c o p p r ) w i re
e e o e e ,
At m i c w i g h t
o e ,
304 S p e c i fi ca t i o n s f o r M a t e r i a l s an d S u p p l ie s
M e l t i ng p o i nt 1 1 5 7 F c m m e rc i a l w i r
,
° ‘
. o e .
M e l t i ng p o i nt 1 1 5 0 F p r a l u m i num
,
°
. u e .
S p c i fic h at m an ( 0t 1 00
e e e o
°
Th e r m a l c n d uct i v i t y m e an ( 0t o 1 00
o
°
C o ffi c i nt f cu bi ca l xp ans i o n ( 0 t o 1 00
e e o 00007 e
°
.
T ns il str ngt h ( w i r e )
e e e t in o
E l ast i c li m i t— o e—
.
,
h a l f u l t i m at e str e ngt h
n .
M od u l us o f e l ast i c i t y i ,
n .
E l ctr i ca l Pr o p rt i e s
e e
S p c i fic R e s i stance 0 C
e ,
°
.
In m i h m s p cr o m cu b ee t er c .
, o
In ohm s p m i l f t er t -
oo , o
T m p e ratur co fii i e t p r d g C
e e e pe c ntc n e e . .
, r e .
R l at i v e c o n d uct i v i t y
e 62 .
R l at i ve c o n d uct i v i t y f e q ua l s iz e c p p r ( s o f t c o p p e r 1 ) 6 1 t o
e or o e =
R e l at i ve w i gh t f e qua l s iz f c p p r ( s o f t c p p r 1 )
or e e o o e o e =
,
N t e s o Pr pe rt i s
o n o e
A l m i n m i s a w hi t m a ll a bl e m e ta l f l o w s p e c i fic grav i t y On
u u e e o . ac
co unt o f i ts s f tn e ss i t i s f o m an y p ur p o s s a ll y e d w i t h i r n c o p p e r
o , r e o o , ,
t i n zi nc I ts c m m n i m p ur i t i s a s ili co n a d i r n Un d e r o r d i
or . o o e re n o .
nar y c n d i t i ns a l um i nu m m y b c ns i d r e d as q u i t
o o co rro d ibl e a e o e e n on - .
I t i s a ff ct d h w v r i n t h xi d s f s m atm s p h e r e s na m e ly
e e , o e e , e o e o o e o , ,
li e s r e a d ily d i ss o l v e i t .
Us s e
l at e d c o n d t rs unn ce ssar y T h i i n co st o f i ns l at i ng
'
uc o s are e . e n cr e a e u
th l arg r a l u m i nu m w i r e t o g t h r w i t h t h d i fficu l t y i n m a ki ng s l
e e , e e e o
d e r ed c o nn ec t i ns h as p r v e nt d i ts w i d oe as i nsu l at e d c o n d uct rs
, e e e us o .
O w i ng t o t h gr e at r c o ffi c i e nt f exp ans i n ov e r t h at o f co p p r t h
e e e o o e ,
e
u s e d i c p p r w i r li n s I t i s co m m o n t o m a k e a l um i nu m trans m i s
n o e e e .
s i n li n s o f ca bl f r m d f a l u m i nu m w i r s ar o n d a c r o f hi gh
o e e o e o e ,
u o e
p fer t s h o u l d b e all w e d
oo o .
A l u m i nu m i s ve r y h t s h o rt j ust b f o r s o li d i f yi ng i n t h e m o u l d
“
o e e .
t i t y f c o p p e r A b t 3 o f c o p p e r d o bl s t h t ns il e str ngt h a n d
o . ou u e e e e
Packa g e siz e s .
Me th o d o f calculatin g w e i g hts e t c ,
.
S tr e n gth .
E l e ctrical c o n d uctivity .
1 95 Sp e c i fi c at i o n s f o r A l u m i n u m W i r e
. .
( Af t e r Am So c T e st Mat e rials Y e ar B o o k 1 9 1 0 p
. . . .
,
.
2 T h e w i r e shall b e f r e e f r o m all su r f ac e i m p e r f e ct i o n s n o t c o n
.
3 P
. acka g e siz e s f o r r o un d w i r e an d cabl e s shall b e a g r ee d u po n
i n p lacin g in d ivi dual o r de rs .
li n g a n d sh i p p i n g .
( a ) Fo r w i r e 1 0 i nch e s i n d ia m a n d la r g e r 1 p e r c e nt e i th e r
, . .
,
(b) Fo r w i r e
s m all e r than 1 0 in 1 m il e ith e r w a y . . . .
of 50 .
8 . E l e ctrical
c o n d uctivity shall b e de t e r m in e d u po n f ai r sa m p l e
by m e asur e m e nts o f r e sistanc e a n d t h e r e sistanc e shall n o t e xc e e d
,
o h m s p e r m i l f o o t at 0 C
-
°
. .
1 96 A s si gn m e nt o n F u n d am e n t a l M a t e ri a l a n d Su p p li e s
. .
r e p o rt o n t h e sa m e ( Se e se c 1 9 3 ) s e c o n d : O utlin e t h e p racticabl e
. .
Thi s li st o f m at r i a l s i s by m ans c o m p l t e a n d
e t h r s i m il ar su b no e e , o e
S f o as p ss ibl e t h
ar f whi c h a m at r i a l i s sugg e st d t o b e p
o e u se or e e a
p li d i s p l ac e d o p p o s i t e t h ki n d o f m at e r i a l I n m an y cas s h o weve r t h e
“ ”
e e . e , ,
vari o us ki n d s o f m at ri a l m e nt i n d can b a p p li e d t s ve ra l o r a ll o f t h e
e o e e o e
w hi c h t h e m at r i a l i s d s i r e d eI n d o i ng t hi s t h s p c i ficat i n s h u l d b e g i v n
e . e e o o e
a l ca l si gn i ficance by m a ki ng i t a p p ly t o s m e l oca l s t h c n d i t i o n s o f
o o u e, e o
P vi g W t r Pr fi g R finga n , a e oo n or oo
W 001 C ll l r or e u a
P p a erP i p C v ri g e o e n
P p r Sh t f fi p r t ti n a e ee s or re o ec o
C mpr d
o S hi ng l
esse es
B rdoa I l t i ng B rri r W ir C v r n su a a e s or e o e
i g n
B bbi tt M t l
a e a M hi B ri g ac n e ea n s
B lt
e s C tt n L t h r
o o ea e or
R bb r u P w r Tr m i i n
e o e an s ss o
Br ass C ti g
as n M hi n B ri g
s V lv B d i ac e ea n s a e o es
W ir e Sp m g n
Sh t ee G t w y G id d B ri g a e a s u es an ea n s
Pip e R ili g d d t b a n an co n en se r u es
R d o s L i gh t i g rr t r h rn g p n n a es e o a s
Bri k c C mm n
o o B il d i g B il r S tt i g F ud n , o e e n or ou n a
ti on s
S w r M h l C t hb i e e s, an o es or a c as n s
F ace Pr d or B il d i g Fr t e sse u n on s
D y Pr
r d R esse or e
pr d e s se B il d i g F r t u n on s
Fir e B il r S tt i g o e e n
S d Lim
an B il d i g e u n s
P vi g
a n S tr t P vi g ee a n
R di l
a a A r h i B il d i g c es n u n s
E m l d
n a e eI t i r W ll f B il d i g n er o a s o u n s
Br z on e Al mi mu nu C d r Pl t on en se a es
B l t b l w Ti d W t r o s e o e a e
S m ll C ti g a as n s
M g an Pr p ll r B l d
an ese o e e a es
Ph p h os Pi i
or M hi n B ri g M in n o n s, ac e ea n s or a
S h f ti g a n
B lt d Nu t i W t r C y li nd ro s an s n a e e s
C d r Pl t H ll P l t f on en se a es or
'
u a e or
S hi p s
Sh f ti g f S hi p D k F i tt i g a n or s or ec n s
B lt o s
Br h us W ill w o M ttr d th r iv r r v t a e ss e s, an o e r e e e
m t w rk en o
C rb r
a o u n dum Abr iv as E m ry W h l
e E m ry P w d r e ee s or e o e
C rb
a on A L ig ht B tt r i rc s or a e es
Rh t t C mm t t r B h eo s a s or o u a o ru s es
C rt M rt on c e e or o ar
C l
oa F l f H t f B il r ue or ea or or o e
G M f t Pr d r G as an u ac u re or o u ce as
O O O O O O O O O O O O O L y i g Fi r B i k P ddl a n e r c or u e
308 S p e c i fi ca t i o n s f o r M a t e r ia l s an d S u p p lie s
Ma t e r i a l
Km d
or Su p p li es
Cl ay G oo d s S w r For e e s
F rm D r i g Fo r a a na e
O m t f B il d i g rn a en s o u n s
C l m i B il d i g o u Fl r i n s n u n s or oo s n
B il d i g u n s
C op p e r Swit h c es
E l tr i T r m i i n ec c an s ss o
R f oo s
S t ill
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O s
F ri t i C l t h H t i l ti
0 0 0
c o rk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c on u c es or ea n su a on
L i f Pr rv r C rp t e e se e s or a e s
Fl g t n
a s o es W lk C b G tt r a s, ur s or u e s
Gl ass Wi d w n o s
Fi r p r f W i d w e oo n o s
Wi d w I l t r n o s or n su a o s
Gr p hi t
a e L b ri t C r ibl u ca n or u c es
C m m t t Br h o Rh t t u a or u s es or eo s a s
Gr v l
a e R fi g R d C rt oo F il t n oa s, on c e e or er
D r in
,
a s
Gas W t a er, C l P oa ro
r N t r l P w r F l L ig h t
,
du oe or a u a o e ue or
F l
,
P w r o e or u e
C tto on R bb r F i r P t t i
or u e e ro ec on
M lla ea bl e C ti g as n s
C t as C t i g P i p M hi r y as n s, e s, ac ne
C orru g t d a eR f W ll oo s or a s
G lva an iz d eR f T k T w r oo s, an s or o e s
Wr ou gh t Pi p Str t r l S h p B il r
e s, uc u a a es or o e
Pl t a e
L ea d W i d w W ig h t n o e s
P ip e
Pip J i t e o n s
Li i g T k n n an s
Pi p J i t e o n s
L ea th r e B lt B lt L i g eH s, e ac n s or a rn e ss
L i m C l i m C bi d B il d i g
e, a c u ar e or u n s
Pl t M rt r as er or o a
P i t V hi l a n e c e
B il d i g F l r St i rw y
u n s, oo s or a a s
W i ti g S w i t hb d a n sc o n or c oa r s
C ru de R d C r t Ti m b r Pr v
oa s, on c e e or e eser
ti a on
L m tiv B il r oco o e or o e
K r e o sen e
Cy l i d r n e
Li d n se e
T r f rm r O il S wit h an s o e s or c es
P ki
0
St m V l v S t m
i
ac n g ea a e e s
W t V lv St m a er a e e s
P m p Pi t R i g u s on n s
E g i Pi t R i g n n e s on n s
P mp u s
Pip J i t e o n s
B il d i g t id in i d
u n ou s e or s e
P li hi g o s n
P w r Tr m i i o e an s ss o n
H i t i g C bl o s n a e
D rr i k G y e c u s
C m t P i t i ng
i
R ed L ead e en or a n
B l ti g I l ti e M tt i g i n
n n su a on or a n
P w H
,
o er o u se
V lv P ki g a es or ac n
C r t M rt r Fil t r
onc e e. o a or e
Pl t i g M ld i g as er n or ou n
S p e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r M a t e r ia l s an d S u p p l ie s
B B I L I O G RAPHY OF MA T ER I ALS .
Se e Eng i n e r i ng I n d ex a d fi l s f var i s t e ch n i ca l s o c i e t i es li t d
e
”
n e o ou s e
t h e r e i n Se a l s o :. e
A m e r i can C i v il Eng i n r s P o ck e t b o k J o h n W il e y S ns ee
’
o . o .
I ns pe ct r s P ck t B o k—B y rn J h n W il y S o ns
. .
’
o o e o e . o e .
Archi t ect s n d B u il d e r s P o ck t B o k— K i d d e r J o h n W il y S o ns
’
a
’
e o . e
C iv il Eng i n r s P o ck t B oo k—T a t wi
.
J h n W il e y S ns
ee
’
e r u ne . o o .
N t s o e on B u il d i ng C o nstru t i on Part c ,
III . Mat e r i a l s R i ve rt on s Lo nd on .
’
, ,
u il d i ng C nstruct i o n d Su p r i nt n d nce — F E K i d d e r Wm F Co m
B o an e e e . . . . .
st o c k C o N e w Yo r k .
W il y S o ns
e .
Pr i nc i a l S c i s 6 W — C H Sn o w J oh n W il y S o ns 1 9 03
"
T h p
e p e 1 d e oo e .
M ch an i ca l Pr p rt i s f W o d —S J R c o r d J h n W il y S ns 1 9 1 5
. . . ,
e o e e o o . . e . o e o , .
B ai rd C o P hil a d l p hi a 1 889 .
,
e , .
t i o n f B u il d i ng St o n s i n Un i t d Stat s t o C hi f f Eng i n e rs U S Ar m y
o e e e e o e , . .. .
B y Q A G il m o r. D Van N stran d C 1 87 6
. e . . o o .
, .
T r e at i s Mas nr y C onstruct i n— Pr o f I 0 B ak r J h n W il y
e on o o . . . e . o e
S o ns .
Mas o nr y — M A H w J h n W il y S ns 1 9 1 5 . . o e . o e o ,
.
e
—
St o n s f B u il d i ng an d D e c rat i n G P M rr ill J o h n W il y S ns
or o o eo . . e . e o ,
Go v rnm e nt
e an d Stat e G eo l g i ca l Surv y
o e B u ll e t i ns on C l ay s ,
B u il d i ng
St n e s t
o , e c .
St l A Man a l f St l Us rs — W m M e tca l f J o h n W il y S ns 1 89 6
ee , u or ee e . . e o , .
Cast I r o n A R c r d o f Or i g i na l R s earch— W m J K p J o h n W il y
, e o e . . ee . e
S ns 1 9 03
o , .
Mat r i a l s f Machi n s —A W S m i t h J oh n W il y S o ns 1 9 1 5
e o e . . . e , .
C H A P T ER XV I I I
SP E C I F I C AT I O N S FO R F U N D AM E N T A L P R O C E SS E S
97
1 F u n.d a m en ta l P r oc e s s e s —T h e f u n d a m e n tal p r o c e s s e s o f
c o n st ru cti o n w o rk sh o u l d b e i nv e s ti g at e d i n v e ry m u ch t h e sa m e
m a nn e r a s m a t e rial s a n d su p p li e s T h e p r e p arati o n o f s p e c i fi c a
.
ti o ns f o r th e s e p r o c e s s e s i f carri e d i n t o d e tail i s e v e n m o r e d i ffi cu lt
than th o s e f o r m at e rials In b o th m at e rials an d p r o c e ss e s i m p r o v e
.
,
m e nts a r e c o nstantly b e in g m a de a n d t h e m e th o d s e m p l o y e d a re
,
rul e i t is u n w i s e t o s p e c i fy m e th o d s i n d e tai l a s r e su lt s a r e t h e e n d
, ,
d e si r e d a n d t h e d e tai l e d m e th o d s t o b e p u r su e d sh o ul d b e d e s i g nat e d
o nly t o t h e e xt e nt n e c e s sary t o s e cu r e t h e r e s u l t s d e s i r e d If t h e
. .
“
s e rvan t a n d n o t —a n i n d e p e n d e nt c o n tract o r a n d t h e p ri n ci p al s ,
”
f o r i t i s lar g e ly o n a cc o un t o f th i s e x p e ri e nc e th at h i s s e rvi c e s a r e
s e cu r e d He sh o ul d h o w e v e r b e r e qu i r e d t o d o th o s e t hi n g s o r all
.
, ,
e n g in e e rin g p r o c e s s sh o ul d i n clu d e
I A g e n e ra l d e sc ri p ti o n o f t h e w o rk t o b e d o n e
. .
I I R e f e r e n c e t o p lan s p r o fi l e s e t c p r o vi d e d
. , ,
.
, .
I I I T h e m a t e rial t o b e u s e d ( M at e r ial s c o v e r e d by an o th e r
. .
s p e ci fi cati o n ) .
I V T h e o p e rati o ns inclu d e d
. .
V P r e caut i o n s t o b e tak e n
. .
V I T h e r e s ults t o b e o btai n e d
. .
1 98 E arth w o rk a n d R o c k W o r k —Am o n g t h e p r o c e s s e s m o s t
.
ca s e i n ha n d sh o u l d o f c o u rs e b e o m i tt e d I n t h e sa m e w a y i t
, ,
.
m u s t b e r e m e m b e r e d th at b e s i d e s t h e h e a d in g s g i v e n i n t h e ana l
s i s th e r e a r e vari o u s o th e r i t e m s i n r e g ar d t o t h e g e n e ral charac t e r
y ,
o f t h e w o rk c o nt i n g e n ci e s d e lay s t h e h a z a r d s o f c o ns t ru cti o n t h e
, , , ,
f u rn i sh i n g o f t o o l s p la nt e t c w h ich a r e u sually i nc lu d e d i n t h e
, , .
,
i fi ca t i o n i f d e s i r e d
, I n a dd i ti o n t o th e s e th e r e m a y b e s p e c ial f e a
.
i t i s o ff e r e d s i m p ly a s a ba s i s o r a g e n e ra l m o d e l f o r a S p e c ial f o r m
t o b e p r e p ar e d by t h e e n g i n e e r f o r a ny s p e c ial w o rk h e m a y hav e o n
han d .
t io n s .
I G E N E R A L DE S C R I P TI ON
.
'
A De scri p ti o n
. .
B L o cati o n
. .
C D i m e nsi o ns
. .
D Fo rm . .
B G ra de
. .
F D ivisi o ns o f wo rk
.
.
I I MA T ER I A L
.
B Classi fi cati o n
. .
D Quantiti e s
. .
F Shrinka g e ( in fi lls )
. .
G E xtra e xcavati o n
. .
I I I O P ER A TI ON S
.
A B e g innin g wo rk
. .
B G ra de s a n d lin e s
. .
E C han g e s in r o a d s railr o a d s e t c
.
, .
G L i m its o f wo rk
. .
3 . At a ll p o i nts t h tr nc h s h a ll b e w i d n d a d d p e n ed
B e ll H o l es : e e e e n ee
t h at t h h e l l o f t h p i p s h a ll h av e o be ar i ng
e t h e b o tt o m
e f th
e tr e nch es n on o e .
i nt i t o .
”
d E c va t i .
.
f B i d g e S b s t r c t u r es :
f
r
. a on Th e xcavat i o n f a ll p i e r
or r u u e or s
gr ill ag i f gr illag e b us d
e, th bo tt o m f t h e m as o nry f o o t i ngs i f n
e e , or e o ,
o
gr ill ag b us e d t b p l ac d a t an l vat i n a b ut n i n t y ( 9 0) f ee t b v
e e , o e e e e o o e a o e
s p c i ficat i ns f o t hi s w r k a e r f e rr e d ) T h e ngi n r s h a ll d et e r m i n e
e o r o r e . e ee
s h a ll b e f t h s iz a d d i m ens i ns d i r ct d by t h e ng i n ee r
o e e n o e e e .
E xc va t i f o Ma o r y F ou da t i o s T h e excavat i o n w ill b
“
6 . a on r of
s n n n : e
t h e f o r m d i m e ns i ns a d d p t h s h w n o
, t h e d ra wi ngs o
o t o suc h a d d i
n e o n , r
ti a l d p t h as t h natur o f t h m ate r i a l m a y r e qu i r e ”
on e e e e .
f St e t G d i g
. A ll str ts d av enu e s
r e ra w hi c h p av m e nts
n :
“
e to ee an on e ar
a ll y a p p r ac h s s h a ll b gra d d t o t h e li ne s d cr ss s e ct i ns s h w n o n
e o e e e an o o o
th e p r fi le s od s e ct i ns f th sa m e an o o e .
9 R ai l . d G adi g Un d r t hi s h e a d s h a ll b e i nc l d d a ll xcavat i n
r oa r n :
“
e u e e o s
an d m b an k m nts f o t h
e nstruct i o n f t h r a d b d f b t h m a i n an d
e r e co o e o e or o
e xcavat i o ns f o a ll d ra i ns d d i tch i n c nn e ct i n w i t h t h r o a d
r d th an es o o e , an e
a ll art h wo r k n e
e y fo t h e c h ang an d r o nstruct i o n
cc e s sa r f p u bli c r e ec o or
o t h r art h w r k s i nc i d nt t t h c nstruct i o n f sa i d ra il ro a d
e e o e o e o o .
”
T h e w o r k c v r d by a d i
“
h C h i ca g o D
. i ge C al L o ca t i ra n a an : on : o e e n n
C o k C ount y Illi n o i s a d t h m i d d l o f S ct i o n 1 4 n ar L o ck p rt i n T wn
o , , n e e e ,
e o o
o , o e e ,
, ,
”
an as
s h a ll b l ocat d by t h ng i n r d d e scr ib d as f o ll o ws
e e e e ee , an e :
4 6 0 f e t f r m t h e cana l b an k i n t h
e o stra i g h t r ac h a bo v e Sag t h e nce by an e e ,
4 6 0f e e t f r m t h e ana l b an k i n t h stra i gh t r ac h at d b l o w R o m e o sa i d
o c e e an e ,
c urs e t r m i nat i ng at
o e n ar t h m i d d l f S ct i n 1 4 o f L oc k p o rt T own
or e e e o e o ,
s hi p ; t h c urs Op p s i te Le m nt t o b e su bj t t a c h ang o f 2 00 f e t i f
e o e o o ec o e e
f o un d d s i ra bl sa i d c urs t h r ug h o t b i ng
e e, l cat d as t o f ac ili t at t h
o e o u e so o e e e
a p p r xi m at e l ngt h i s
o f et o e 1 4 m il s ( San D i st o f C hi cag o ) e r e .
’
. . .
T h e e m b an k m nts s h a ll b 30 f t i n w i d t h at t h e
“
i E m ba k me t . n n : e e ee
t op ,d s h a ll h av e a s l p o f t w o ( 2 ) f
an t h o r iz o nta l t ( 1 ) v rt i ca l o
o e ee o on e e , r
s c h o t h r s l p a d s h cr ss s e ct i n as t h ng i n r m y d t e r m i n e f
u e o e n uc o o e e ee a e or
an y p art i cu l ar cas e .
”
i Em b k m en t
. I n m b an k m nt t h e s i d s s h a ll b n eat ly a d l
an : e e , e e n un
f o r m ly d r e ss ed t o a s l p o f t wo d o e h a l f ( 2 1 2 ) h r iz o nta l t o
o e ne (1 ) an n - -
o o
v rt i ca l
e such o t h r s l o p e as t h ng i n e r m a y d i r ct i n an y pa rt i cu l ar
, or e e e e e
cas e " ’
2 02 ( C ) D i m e n s i o n s ( D ) F o rm a n d ( E ) G ra d e
.
, , .
Dima si o s o f C o ss S c t i
. en s Th nb o tt m f t h fin i s h e d ch ann l
r e on :
“
e o o e e
s h a ll h av a w i d t h f 1 60f e t i n t h cl ar ; w h r t h ch ann l i s i n r ck t h
e o e e e e e e e o , e
s i d e s f sa i d ch ann l s h a ll b e k e p t v e rt i ca l xc p t as t n e c ssar y ff s t s
o e , e e o e o e
o ccas i n d by t h o e e f c h ann li ng m ac hi n e e us o e .
T h e s i d es f th r o ck ch ann l e t b w r k d o t w i t h a ch ann e li ng
o o
e e ar o e o e u
m ac hi n f r m t p t o b tt m t h c h ann l s b i ng
e o o t a h ad f t h o bl ast i ng I
o , e e e cu e o e . n
d oi ng t hi s t h b o tt m o f ach t o f t h m achi n e i s t b m a d e t o a u i
e o e cu e o e n
f o r m l v l a b v t h e gra d e e d e ac h succ e d i ng
o e o ff s t s i x i nc h e s f r o m
e, an e on e e
t h e on j u t p r ec e d i ng T h c ntract r w i ll b a ll o w d t w r k t h r c k i n
e s e o o e e o o e o
on e o m o r st p e s at hi s o p t i o n so f a as c nc e rns t h
r e o , m a i n p rt i n f , r o e o o o
th w i d t h o f t h e ch ann e l b t i n c as h
e l cts t w r k t h f ac i n t p e , u e e e e o o e e s o s
h av i ng a gr ea t r h i g h t t h an t h r ach o f t h c h ann li ng m ac hi n e i n d e p t h
e e e e e e ,
t h n t h e bl ast h o l s
e t b e s d i s p s d as t eff ctua lly p r v e nt an y bl as t
are o o o e o e e e
f r m b r a ki ng
o r s h att r i ng t h e r c k b y n d t h
e o s i d s o f t h e p r i sm o f t h
e o e o e e e
c h nn e l whi c h e t o b e l f t as s m t h d s li d as can b e b ta i n d w i t h
a , ar e oo an o o e a
s kill f u l d p r p r an f a c h ann li ng m ac hi n e
o e u se o e .
I n d t e r m i n i ng t h e wi d t h o f t h e c h ann l at t h t p f t h r oc k t h
“
e e e o o e , e
vi d d t h at w h r t h e d p th r oc k d s t xc d s ixt n f e t
i
f r o P. ro e f th
,
e e e o e oe no e ee ee e
t h e r s h a ll b b t e r ach
e c t of th
e c h ann li ng m achi n m a d
u on e d or u e e e e, an
t h at wh e n i ts d p t h i s v r s ixt n f t e d t gr t r t h an t w nt y f o u
o e ee ee , an no ea e e -
r
f eet t h e r s h a ll b e b t t w cuts m a d ; a d t h at n o wh r i s t h e r e t o b m o r
, e u o e n e e e e
t h an t h r cuts m a d f o t h e wh o l e d p t h f t h r o ck excavat i o n
ee e r e o e .
s h a ll b o xcavat d as t l e av a b r m o t o p f t h r c k eq ua l t o t h r e
e s e e o e e n o e o e
e i gh th s ( 3 8 ) o f t h d p th of t h
-
r ck sur f ac e b l w a l v l 5 f e t ab o v
e e e o e o e e e e
d atu m ; p r v i d d t h at t h b e r m s h a ll b i n
o e vent l t h n 5 f et ;
e d e no e ess a e an
p r o v i d e d f rt h e r t h at wh r e t h e s ct i o n i s e nt i r ly i n
.
u , art h t h a dd i t i ona l
e e e e e .
wi d t h at b o tt o m s h a ll c o n f r m t t h a b o v r l ; d p r v i d d a l s o t h at at o o e e u e an o e ,
t h e l ev e l o f 5 f t a b ve d at m t h e be r m s h a ll t b l ss t h an 1 0f t w i t h
ee o u no e e ee ,
G r ad e : T h gra d li n e o f t h e b o tt o m o f sa i d m a i n c h ann e l at t h
“
e e e
s l p e t h e nce un i f o r m l y at t h e rat e o f
o o f a f oo t v rt i ca l t o fe t e e
s h a ll h av an e l vat i o n o f e f e t b e l o w d atu m e e .
o r l w r i ng i t o by i ncr ea s i ng
o e d cr as i ng t h e s l p e t h e r by i ncr as i ng
, r or e e o , e e
or d cr ea s i ng t h
e a m unt o f excavat i o n ; p r v i d e d t h at sa i d c h ang e s h a ll i n
e o o ,
n o wi s e a ff ct t h t e r m s f t hi s c ntract as t o p r i c
e e e nt i t l e t h e sa i d c o n
o o e, or
c h ann l s h a ll h av b e n fin i s h d i n c n f o r m i t y t t h gra d as h e r i n b e f o r e
e e e e o o e e e
s p c i fi e d ( S p e c San D i st f C hi cago )
e .
”
. . . o .
20 3 ( ) F D i vi si on s —
. Ih c o ntrac t w o rk o f lar g e m a g n i tu d e i t ,
l e t t h e c o nt rac t s f o r su ch d i vi s i o n s t o o n e o r m o r e c o n tract o rs a s
t h e p ar ty l e ttin g t h e w o rk m a y e l e c t .
o f t h e w rk d o f d i v i d i ng i t i nt o c o ntracts t h e sa i d p art o f t h e m a i n
o an ,
d r i nag c h ann l s s h a ll b e d i v i d e d i nt 1 4 s ec t i o ns as f o ll o w s :
a e e o
d s i gnat d 80
e 0 e .
d e s i gnat d 85 0 e .
d s i gn at d 9 0
e 0 et c e t c
e , .
S ct i n 1 2 7 8 9 a d 1 0 i nv o l v e s ce rta i n ch ang s i n t h r i ve r ch an
“
e o , , , , n e e
n el pp os i t
o e .
cana l n d , a
ra il wa y c h ang i n d e p n d nt f t h e m a i n w r k es ( S p e c San D i st
e ef C hi o o .
”
. . . o ~
cago ) .
d e scri p ti o n o f
A Th e ir g e n er a l ch ar a c t er a n d t h e availabl e in f o r m ati o n c o nc e rn
.
in g t h e sa m e .
3 8 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r Pr o c e s se s
or l o w d ra w n by t w h o rs e s i s n e c e s sary f o r l o o s e nin g b e f o r e sh o v e l
p o
pan .
'
si o n a n d m a y r e qui r e t h e u se o f a s pa de f o r r e m o val .
p ick t o br e ak it u p Th e s e incl u d
. e sti ff clay d isint e g ratin g r o ck a n d ,
o f t h e r e si stanc e o ff e r e d t o r e m o val na m e ly ,
So f t r o ck w hich is e asily r e m o v e d by ba rs a n d w e d g e s s u ch
“ ”
4 .
, ,
5 .O r“
d inary r o ck w h ich can b e r e m o v e d b y bars an d sl e d g e s
, .
such as san d st o n e s et c .
6 .H ar d r o ck wh ich m u st b e bla st e d
“
,
.
V e ry o f te n t h e t e r m l o o s e r o ck i s us ed f o r r o ck which i s u n
c e m e nt e d a n d i s l o o s e n e d f r o m its b e d a n d can r e a d il y b e m o v e d T h e .
Ea r t h w o r k an d R o c kw o r k 3l9
n o t e xc ee d in g th r e e cubic f e e t in c o nt e nts .
Th e t e r m b e d r o ck r e f e rs t o r o ck in t h e nat u ral b e d a n d it m a y
“ ”
,
p o ss e ss vari o us de g r e e s o f har d n e ss .
E x a m pl es
a E xc v t i o f o B i d g e Ab t m t s T h e m at r i a l excavat d w ill b e
. a a n r r u en : e e
e rt h san d grav l
a , d f rag m ntar y m at e r i a l o f var i o us ki n d s a n d s h a ll
, e an e
e ng i n r a d s h a ll b e p a i d f o at t h p r i c p e r cu bi c y ar d b i d f suc h x
ee , n r e e or e
ca v tio a T h e m at e r i a l sh a ll b e r e fi ll e d ar o un d t h
n . c m p l t d a b t m nts e o e e u e ,
a d s h a ll b
n r p l ac d i n la y rs d t h r o ughly tam p d d an y sur p l us m
e e e e an o e an a
p l ac e s as t h ng i n e r m y d i r ct n o t m r t h an fi v h un d r d f e t f r m t h
e e e a e , o e e e e o e
c a va t i o n
”
.
i t i s we ll k n wn t h at t h sur f ac o f t h l d g ma y d i ff r gr at ly f r m t h
o e e e e e e e o e
no t b d fin i t ly d t e r m i n e d b y was h d r ill b r i ng
e e e Th r i s t h r f r
e o s . e e , e e o e, no
e xp r ss d e i m p li d agr m e nt t h at t h li n e f t h sur f ac o f t h l d g e r ck
e or e ee e o e e e e o
o r t h e c h ract r f t h m at r i a l e nc nt r e d by b r i ng as i n d i cat ed u p o n t h
a e o e e ou e o ,
e
p l an i s g i v e n a p p r x i m at ly c rr ct ( M t Wat r S we rag e B ar d ) ”
, o e o e . e . e e o .
0 . C h a r a c t er o f Ma t e r i a l — “
G en er a l Ch a m c t cr of B o r i n g s a n d So u n d i n g s
The c h aract e r o f t h e m at r i a l t h r oug h d i n whi ch t h tunn e l i s t b e c e an e o on
s truct d i s i n d i cat d
e , th p rofi l a d sa m p l o f m at r i a l ta k n f r m t h e
e on e e, n e e e o
b o r i ngs m d e th li n e f t h e w o r k at t h p o i nts s h w n
a
’
on e th d ra wi ngs o e o on e
m a y b e s e n at t h e ffic e o f t h e C i t y Eng i n r
e Th s b o r i ngs e b e li eved
o ee . e e ar
t o b e p ract i ca lly c o rr e ct d t o r p r s nt a f a i r sa m p l e f t h e m at r i a l
, It
an e e e o e .
i s xp r es s ly un d rst o d h w v e r th at t h e c i t y d s o t guarant t h
e e o , o e , oe n ee e ac
curacy f t h e s e b o r i ngs a d s h u l d t h e c o n d i t i ns b f un d t o d i ff r f r om
o ,
n o o e o e
n o c l i m aga i nst sa i d c i t y
”
a .
w ll i t i s b li v e d t h at t h strata w hi c h l i b e l o w t h
e , e e sur f ac d w hi c h e e e e, an
m y b a nc o nt r d i n s i n ki ng t h e s h a f t will b e a p p r xi m at ly as f ll ws
e e u e e o e o o
Dr i f t ( c l ay s n d grav l ) 6 7 f t
“
t hi c k ne ss
, a , e , ee in .
C o a l m ea s r s h a l e s 5 f e t i n t hi c k n e ss
u e , e .
B ur li ngt o n li m st o n 96 f t i n t hi ck n ss e e, ee e .
K i d erh k gr u p 2 6 1 f t i n t hi ck n e ss
n oo o , ee .
S p e c i fi ca t i o n s f o r P r o ce sse s
Th eg en e ra l t hi ck n ss a d ch aract e r o f t h e strata as a b v gi v n a
e n o e e , re
b e li v d t o b a p p r xi m at ly c o rr ct Th e s c n d i t i o ns
e e e o h o w v e r li a bl e
e e . e o a re , e ,
to var i a t i o n w hi c h var i at i o n a n d t h r e su l t i ng c n d i t i ns h a l l b e at t h e
, e o o s
r i s k f t h e c ntract o r d sa i d c ntract r s h a ll o t b nt i t l e d t o an y c l a i m s
o o ,
an o o n e e
t h r f f r m t h o s a b v m nt i n d
e eo o f an y a d d i t i na l l a b o r m at r i a l
e o e e o e ,
or or o , e ,
I) r i f t
C a l m asur s h l
o e e, a e
B r li ngt n li m e st n e
u o o
K i n d r h o o k gr u p
e o
Ha m il t n d c rn i f r s
o an o e ou
G uel p h d N i agara an
C i nc i n at i s h a l sn e
G a l na li m st n e
e e o
T re nt n li m st n o e o e
Sa i nt P t r san d st n e e o e
first w ll D pth
e of ft e .
B l o w t h e St P t r san d st n
e t h r i s an unk n o wn t hi ck n ss f t h e
. e e o e e e e o
L o we r Magn s i an li m st o n e p r h a p s 3 00 t 5 00 f t i n t hi ck n ss b e l w
e e , e o ee e , o
Th
“
g n e ra l t hi ck n ss d ch aract r f t h e strata as a b ov g i v n a e
e e e an e o e e r
b li v d t b a p p r xi m at ly c o rre ct The y
e e e o e h wv r li a bl t o var i a
o e . a re , o e e , e
t i n w hi c h var i at i n s h a ll b at t h e r i s k o f t h e c ntract o r
o , o d sa i d on e o , an c
var i at i n i n sa i d str ta f r o m t h e b v
o f o an y a d d i t i na l l ab o r m at r i a l
a a o e, or r o , e
f r m an y un f r s n d i fficu l t y
o nc unt e r d i n t h p r o s cut i n f t h e o
o e ee e o e e e o o c n
’
t r a ct fi
2 06 . a n a tt e m p t t o s u b
( B ) C l a s s ifi c a t io n .
—C l a s si fi c at io n is
d ivi d e e a rth a n d r o ck w o rk int o class e s o r kin d s o f m at e rial w hich w ill ,
f r o m t h e i r natur e r e qui r e d i ff e r e nt m e th o d s o f tr e at m e nt a n d c o us e ,
o f m at e rial a n d
g u a ra n t ee s that t h e c o ntr act o r w ill r e c e iv e p ay m e nts
322 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r P r o c e sse s
c aus e d by t h e p s i t i o n d s h a ll b e p a i d f o at t h e p r i c e nam e d i n t h
o , an ac r e
c ep t e d p ro p s i t i o n o .
c Op e T e ch es T w p r i c es o n ly a r e t o b e p a i d f o m at e r i a l s e x a
. n r n . o r c
va t e d f r m t h e o p n tr e nc h a d o t h e r e xcavat i ns ( exc p t b rr o w p i ts )
o e n o e o ,
r oc k r m ov e d by bl as t i ng a d a ll bo u l d rs o f o e t hi r d c bi c y ar d o r m o r e i n
e , n e n -
u
v l m ;
o u d e e f an art h excavat i n whi c h i s t c ve r t h e xcavat i o n o f
on or e o , o o e
a ll o th e r m at r i a l s T h e p r i ce t b p a i d f o b o rr o we d e art h i s t o v r t h e
e . o e r co e
excavat i o n o f a ll ki n d s f m at r i a l s ta k n f r o m b o rr o w p i ts o ( Me t W a t r e e . . e
S e w rag e B o ar d )
e .
d C a a l s— C l as si fi ca t i on o f Ma t e r i a l —A ll m at e r i a l exc avat d un d r t h e
“
. n . e e
p r ov i s i o ns f t hi s c ntract i s t o b e c l ss i fi e d un d e r o e o t h
o o o t h e r o f t wo a n r e
h a d s v iz g l ac i a l d r i f t a d s li d r o ck
e , . :
‘ ’
n
‘
o .
’
h ar d p a bo l d e rs f r a gm e ntar y r o ck d i s p l ace d f r o m i ts o r i gi na l b e d a d an y
-
n , u , , n
o t h r m at e r i a l t h at o ve r li s t h e b d r o ck
e e e .
S o li d r o ck s h a ll co m p r i s a ll r o c k f un d i n i ts o r i g i na l b ed ve n t h o u gh e o , e
m o v d w i t h t bl ast i ng
e ou ( S p e c San D i s t o f C hi c ag o ) .
”
. . . .
d i g— C l as si fi ca t i o : ( a ) A l l m at e r i a l h an d l d un d e r t h e h e a d o f
“
G e . ra n n e
G ra d i ng s h a ll b e c l ass i fi d as f o ll o ws : S li d r c k l s e r o ck a n d e art h
‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’
e o o , oo , .
( b ) S li d r k s h ll i nc l u d a ll b e d r c k w hi c h cann t b
o oc a r em ov d e o o e e
w i th t bl ast i ng a l s o a ll b u l d rs
ou , t h r m ass s f r o c k o f t l ss t h an o e or o e e o no e
( c ) L o o s r o c k s h a ll i nc l u d e a ll s o f t s h a l s o o t h e r s o f t l s r oc k s
“
e e r or oo e
m o r t h an o n e cu bi c y ar d o l ss t h an t
e c bi c f ee t ,
r e en u .
( d ) Eart h s h a ll i nc l u d e a ll s o il rt h san d gr ve l l s st o n an d
“
, ea , , a , oo e e
b u l d rs o f l ss t h an t e c bi c f t c nt nts
o e e d an y t h r m at e r i a l f
n u ee o e ,
an o e o
e v e r y d e scr i p t i n n t c l ar ly i nc l u d d un d e r t h
o o s p c i fica t i ns o f s o li d r c k
e e e e o o
or l o o s e r o c k ; f a ll o f whi ch t h ng i ne r s h a ll b e j u d ge
s o e e e .
”
( c ) A ll m at r i a l s m v d i n gra d i ng s h a l l b e m e as ur d i n xcavat i o n
e o e e e
o n ly d e st i m at d by t h e cu bi c y ar d
an e n d r t h e f o ll wi ng c l ass e s u e o
e ac h an i m a l we i ghi ng ot l ss t h an t we l v h un d r d n lb s attach ed t o
e e e .,
a su i t a bl t n i nch b r a ki ng p l o w a ll w ll h an d l d by at l e ast f o r m en A l s
e e -
e , e e ,
u . o,
a ll l o o s m a t e r i a l t h at c n wi t h t p l o wi ng b l oa d d i nt o a scra pe r by t w
e a , ou , e e o
m en
C l ass 2 . I n d urate d m at e r i a l o f a ll ki n d s whi ch cann o t b e p l w d as i n , o e
C l ass 1 b t ,
u whi c h r e q u i r e s l o s e n i ng by p o wd e r n d can t h n b e r e m o v ed
o , a e
by scra p e r .
Q ua li t i e s o f M a t e r ia l 323
cu bi c f e t i n vo l u m An d a ll sl t e o th e r r o c k s s o f t
e e . l s e n oug h t o a r o , or oo e
b e r m ov ed w i t h ut bl ast i ng
e o .
i ng a d blast i ng
n .
”
3
a n d th e r e f o r e a m att e r f o r h o n e st d i ff e r e nc e i n o p ini o n T h e N ew s .
d i s p ut e s .
2 07 ( C ) Q . u ali ti e s o f M a t e rial .
E xa m pl es
a . A ll m at r i a l f t h e e m b an k m e nt s h a ll b grav l
E m b a n k m en t s . e or e e ,
a p p r o ve An y m at e r i a l us e d i n sa i d m b an k m nt n d n t s o p p r o ve d s h a ll
. e e a o a
be r m v e d by t h e ntract r at hi s o w c st d exp e ns e
e o co d s h a ll i n oo n o an , an n
cas b st i m at ed o p a i d f
e e e r or .
”
b R fi l l i g t ch es— M t e r i a l f
. e n fl l
r en l i g
— T h e tr e nc h s h a ll b “
a or re n . es e re
f r m t h e gr o un d o
o un i f r m l y s p r ea d ov r t h sur f ace a ll m t i l whi ch
r o e e a er a
i s o t u e d i n fi lli ng
n s .
”
R fil li g i
c . e r o ok exc va t i o n I n r e fi lli ng tr nch s f r m w hi c h r oc k
n . n a e e o
h as b ee n excavat d t h e s ix i nc h s b l o w t h p i p s h a ll b e r e fi ll d wi t h s an d
e , e e e e e ,
e art h o l oa mr d ca r e f u ll y p ac k ed b e f r t h e p i p e i s l a i d ; a d t h
, an tr nc h o e n e e
ar o un d a d f i gh t e e n i nc h s ( 1 8 a b ove t h e p i p h a ll b fi ll ed wi t h
n or e e e. s e
e a rt h p r p e r ly ta m p d a b o v e w hi c h t h e r o c k m y b
, o fi ll ed i n b t n r o c k
e , a e , u o
us d i n t h e fi lli ng
e .
c es vo i em b a k m e t
cr N o m at r i a l s h a ll b
r us d w hi ch i s o t
n n . e e e n
f r ee f r o m v e g ta bl so il r oo ts o e o m i n e ra l m att r
e A ll st o n s m r e t h an
, r n n- e . e o
on e i nc h th i ck o m r t h an t h r i nch s i n m ax i m um d i m e ns i ns s ha ll b e
r o e ee e o ,
r em ved f r o m t h e e b k m en t be f r s tt i ng
o n an o e e .
”
2 08 ( D ) Qu antit i es a n d ( E ) Me a su r em e n t s a n d E s ti m a t e s
. .
E x a m pl es :
a . E m b a n k m en t s : “
M e a su r e m en t s —T h e m e asur e m e nt of a ll m at e r i a l us ed
in th e em b ank m e nt s h a ll b an k m nt b e m ad e in th e em e .
”
b L v : E t i m t of q t i t i es T h s o li d c nt nts f t h e l v
. e ees s a e m u an e o e o e ee, co
p t ed t o t h
u e sta bli s h d p e r m an e nt gra d
e a d cr o ss s ec t i o n o n ly
e w ill b e e n ,
p a i d f or N t hi ng will b e a ll o w d f r s h r i n k ag T h c st o f c l e ar i ng gru b
. o e o e . e o ,
bi ng d b r a ki ng t h e sur f ac s h a ll a l s b i nc l u d e d i n t h p r i c e p c bic
an e e o e e er u
y ar d f o em b an k m ent
r .
b e m a d e i n xc avat i o n by t h e cu bi c y ar d o f t we nt y s ev e n cu bi c f e t b as e d
e -
e ,
u p o n t h e surv y d cr o ss s ct i o n n t s f t h e e ng i n e e r
e an -
e o e o .
A ll g l ac i a l d r i f t excavat d un d e r t h d i r ct i n o f t h ng i n e r w h e th e r
“ ‘ ’
e e e o e e e ,
S oli d r o ck excavat e d wi t hi n t h e li m i ts o f t h e d i m ns i ns an d gr a d e
‘ ’
e o
o f t h e ma i n c h ann l f an y r i v e r d i v rs i o n c h ann l
e , f or t h e p l a i ng
o e e , or or c
o f an y b r i d g o o t h r str ctur e as h r e i n b e f o r s p c i fi d r th t s h a ll b
r e u e, e e e e , o a e
qu a nt i t i s p r ov i d e d t h at n o t hi ng w ill b i nc l d d f r o ck t h at c m s t
e , e u e or o e ou
T h e p r i c s g i v n h e r e w i t h a e t o i nc l u d e a ll w r k h e r e i n s p e c i fi d as
“
e e r o e
(1 Tu n e l
. n e i ther in art h o r o ck s h all b e e r
e st i m at d f a d i a m e t e r o n ly as gr at as t h e o uts i d e f t h
e o s p c i fi ed wa ll s o f e o e e
o r an y o t h e r ca e b y w hi c h m at e r i a l s h a ll b e r m ov d f r o m b e y o n d t h
us li n es e e e
s p e c i fi d s h a ll b e r e m ov d d r fi ll d wi t h su i ta bl cl a y t h r ug hly ra m m ed
e , e an e e e o o
i n p l ce a d at t h e c o ntract o r s xp e ns e
5 an
’
e .
2 09 F
( ) S h ri.nka g e —M at e rial w h e n m o v e d f r o m i t s na tura l
b e d u sually alt e rs its v o lu m e s o m e ti m e s to a c o nsi de rabl e e xt e nt , .
Vo l x 5 0 p 2 2 4
4
, . .
C o ncr e te fi lli ng m y b r e q u i r e d a d i f s s h o u l d
5 a e n o be s p ec i fi d e . Th e
s p e c i ficat i n g d m at e r i al as t h e eng i n ee r m y r e q u i r
o oo a e i s i n d efin i t e an d
un f a i r .
S p e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r P r o c e sse s
let .
I n thi s w ay t h e c o ntract o r i s r e li e v e d f r o m hazar d a n d can a n d
w il l sub m it a l o w e r p r op o sal f o r t h e wo rk .
E xa m pl es :
.
a G n e r l A ll xcavat i o n d e p e r t h an s h wn o t h d ra wi ngs a d a ll
‘
. e a : e e o n e ,
n
extra xcavat i ns o r d e r e d by t h ng i n e r s h a ll b st i m at d d p a i d f o
e o e e e e e e an r
at t h c ontract p r i ce
e .
b Gr a d i g f o P a v m e t s : A ll m at r i a l m o r e t h an e i gh t i nc h es b e l ow
. n r e n e
i ng s h a ll b i nc l u d e d i n t h e p r i c s na m d f o p v i ng a d cur bi ng
e e e r a n .
”
c E xc va t i o f o T e c h es An y i ncr as e i n d e p t h b ey on d t h at whi c h
. a n r r n : e
th eng i n r s h a ll b e p a i d f o at t h e p r i c e b i d p e r cu b i c y ar d f o extra
e ee , r r
w hi c h w r k h e s h a ll b p a i d t h e p r i c b i d f o
o xtra excavat i on e e r e .
”
2 1 1 H
( ) E xtra M at e r
. i al a n d B o rr o w P it s —E xtra m at e rial
that cann o t b e o btain e d f r o m t h e l o cati o n o f t h e wo rk i s f r e q u e ntl y
n ee d e d f o r em bank m e nts an d fi lls In m o st wo rk t h e lan d f r o m w hich .
E x a m pl es :
a C o t c t t o F i h M t i l T h e c o ntract r s h a ll m ak a ll c
. n ra or u rn s a er a o e ne
e s ar y arrang m nts t s ec r e t h m at r i a l f o t h m b an k m nt d o m a
s e e o u e e r e e e , an n
t i l s h a ll b e ta k n f r m t h e p u b li c str ts o hi g h wa y s xc p t as r m o v d
er a e o ee r e e e e
i n t h n c ssar y gra d i ng
e e e .
”
2 1 2 . O pe rati o n s —U n d r th i s h a d in g shou l d
i nclu d e d all e e be
s p e ci fi cati o ns i n r e f e r e nc e t o t h e n e c e ssary o p e rati o ns by which
e ar t h wo rks a r e t o b e b e g un p r o s e cut e d an d c o m p l e t e d i nclu d in g , , ,
( A) t o ( E ) I nc lu s i v e : B e g i n n in g W o rk e t c , .
A
( ) D ed g e W k r B e g i i g W o r k —
or T h e w o r k s h a ll b
:
“
b eg n at th e nn n e u
o ut l e t b u t t h e c o ntr a c t o r m a y l a v
,
suc h t m p o rar y d am s as m y b e n e ce s e e e a
as s o n as t h p r o gr ss f t h e w r k p e r m i ts
o e e o o .
( )
B G d es a d L i
ra e a — T h e a p p r x i m at
n d p th o f t hn xcavat i n will “
o e e e e o
b eg i v n by t h n gi n r b e f r e t h e xcavat i o n i s b e gun G ra d
e e e ee d li n e will
o e . e an
t by t h c ntract o r ”
t be
o se e o .
( C ) Cl i g d Gr b bi g
ea r n a Fo L e v es
an Th gr un d t o b oc u
a n : . r e . e o e c
an d a ll p e r i s h a bl m att r o f ev e r y ki n d e A ll tr e e s a d stu m p s s h a ll b e
e . n
o f t h e ng i n r e ee .
b F o R s vo i
. r Th e nt i r e sur f ace o f t h e gr un d o whi c h t h e r es e r
er r . e e o n o
bu sh e s d r o ts A l l suc h m at r i a l s h a ll b r e m v d f r m t h e r se rv i o r
an o . e e o e o e
ar a A ll g d t i m be r s h a ll b
e . oo t a d c r d e d a d s h a ll b d r m ain t h e e cu n o , n e an e
t h c i t y p r p e rt y
e o .
0 Fo .C l r Th c ntract o r w il l b r e qu i r d t r e m v a ll tr s
an a . e o e e o o e ee ,
stu m p s bu il d i ngs f nc s
, o t h r i ncu m b ra nc s w i t hi n 1 5 0f
, e e , t f t h c nt e r
or e e ee o e e
li ne o f t h ch ann l o t h at m y b e i n t h e w y o f an y c o ll at ra l
e e , r s b si d a a e or u
i a y wo r k h r i n s p e c i fi d
r e A ll su h m at e r i a l o f va l u e s h a ll b t h p r op e rt y
e e . c e e
of th co ntract r d a ll w rt hl ss m at r i a l s h a ll b d i s p se d f as d i r e ct d
e o , an o e e e o o e
by t h ng i n r T h co st f t hi s w r k s h a ll b e i nc l ud d i n t h e p r ic e s f
e e ee . e o o e or
D
( ) B k i g S f
r eac e f o L e v ne — Th nt i r sur f ac w hi c h w ill b e us e d
ur a r e
“
e e e e
f o r t h e b as f th l v s h a ll b e th o r oug hl y b r o k n w i t h a s p ad e
e o e e ee p low e or
E
( ) C h g s i R o ad an a d e R a i l r o d n: R a i l w y c h g e — Th r oug h o ut
s n a s
“
a an s
w y t h c ntract r s h a ll gra d
a , e o d u bl o track r a d b d w i t h m at r i a l f r om e a o e o -
e e
t h e excavat i o ns h r i n be f o r s p c i fi d sa i d r o a d b d t o b t hi rt y ( 3 0) f ee t
e e e e e ,
-
e e
wi d e t p wi th s id
on o sl p s f
, d n h al f t e o d c o n f r m i ng i n
o e o on e an o e- o n e, an o
as s h wn o p l an 2 on d th c st f an y suc h w r k s h a ll b e i nc lu d ed
‘
a,
’
an e o o o
2 1 3 .
( F ) C o n so l i da ti o n
Ta m p in g e t c , R o lli n g , , .
a F R es r v i r E m b k m e t T h e e m ban k m nt s h a ll b e b u il t by
‘
. or e o an n .
~
e
d u m p i ng t h m at r i a l i n un i f r m l a y rs a d t o t h e f u ll w i d t h t h e r e o f
e e Th o e n . e
m at r i al o d p o s i t d s h a ll b s p r a d
e s e t i n un i f o r m l a y e rs
e o t ov e r t w e l v
e e ou n e
i nc h e s i n t hi c k n ss a d t h o r o ug hly r ll d wi t h ro a d r o ll e r o f a p p r v ed
e n o e
’
a o
w e i gh t d d i m e ns i ns
an o .
t h e w o r k s h a ll b e s d i r e ct e d t h at a ll p arts o f t h o m b an k m nt s h a ll b e e e e
m d e q ua lly a d un i f o r m ly c o m p act
a e n .
c F o r P a ve m e t s — T h e s b grad e a f t e r b i ng p r o p e r ly p ud d l d a n d
. n .
“
u -
, e e
r ll r s h a ll t b e l ss t h an t h r
o e no f ee t i n d iam et r o
e m r t h an i x ee e , r o e s
( 6 ) f e t w i d e o t h f ace a d s h a ll w i g h at l e as t e i g h t ( 8 ) t o ns a d i t
e n e , n e ,
n
A ll p l ac s t h at h av e t b n o cann o t b p r p e r ly r ll e d s h a ll b e ta m p e d
e no ee r e o o ,
wi t h s q uar e h an d ta m p e rs o f t m o r e t h an t w l v e ( 1 2 ) i nch s s q ar e f ac no e e u e,
an d o t l e ss t h an n i n e t y ( 9 0
n ) p un d s we i g h t Th r o lli ng a d ta m p i ng o f o . e n
th ef o un d at i n s h a ll a l wa y s b o k p t at a d i stanc o f t l ss t h an e h e e e no e on un
d red ( 1 0 0) f e e t a h e a d f t h p av m e nt o e e .
d F o P ve m t s — W h n t h e r a d b d h as b ee n b r o g h t t b gra d e
“
. r a en e o -
e u o su -
a n d be f o r e t h cur b s a e et an d a f te r t h e c i t y h as m a d e y n c e ssar y i m
e r s , an e
p ro v me t e t h e s b gr d
n s, s h a ll b t h r o ughly r ll d w i t h a st a m r a d
u -
a e e o o e e o
r o ll e r w i g hi ng t l ss t h an t e t ns A y s o f t d s p ng y p l ace s th at
, e no e n o . n an o
m y a p p ar d ur i ng t h r lli ng s h a ll b fi ll e d w i t h d y art h
a e e o l d m aca d a m , e r e or o
a d b
n r o ll ed unt il t h y
e fi m d s li d a d c o n f r m t o
e are b gra d e b e i ng r an o n o su -
,
6 Ta m p i g T
. c h es — I r fi lli ng t h tr nch s t h art h fi ll i n t h
n r en
“
n e e e e , e e e
b o tt m o f t h tr e nch un d e r ar o n d a n d s i x i nch s
o e ve r t h e t p o f
, u , e o o
w i t h p r o pe r t o o l s f o t h e p ur p o s Car s h a ll b ta k n t g iv t h p i p e
r e . e e e o e e
p i p s s h a ll a l s
e b e s ffic i nt ly p a k e d t
o p r v nt s r i o us a f t r s tt l m e nt
u e c o e e e e e e .
n ot t exc e e d s i x i nc h e s
o i n t h e w i d t h o f t h e tr ench a d s o li d n o ug h , n e
t o p r e v nt a h rs e o w h ee l f r o m s i n ki ng i nt
e o i t t o a d ang r us ext e nt o f
r o e o ,
whi c h t h ng i n e r s h a ll b t h e j ud g e A f t e r ra i ns o at t h r t i m s wh e n
e e e e .
, r o e e
an y s tt l e m e nt o ccurs
e i th e r i n t h e sur f ace f t h e fi ll o r by t h f r m at i o n
, e o , e o
o f h o l s b e n eat h t h
e crust t h e tr nch s h a ll b e r fi ll e d an d r e d r ss e d n d a ll
e , e e e , a
T h e b ac k fi lli ng s h a ll b e d o n e as s o o n s p o ss ibl e a f t e r t h e s e we r i s a
n ot ov r n i n i nc h e s i n t hi ck n e ss a d e ach l a y e r b f o re t h n ext i s p l ac e d
e e , n e e
, ,
s h a ll b t h o ro ug hly w t r ra m m e d as t h e ng i n e r m a y d i r ec t
e e o d th e e e , an
fi lli ng s h a ll b e p ac k d a d ram m ed n d e r n d ar o un d t h e s e we r wi t h p r o p e r
e n u a ,
330 S p e c i fi c a t io n s fo r P r o c e sse s
m ay b e l oc ate d i n sa i d str ee t n o t i ce s h a ll b g i v n t o t h c i t y a d t h e wo r k , e e e , n
excavat i n s h a ll b e p r p r ly m a d
o by t h c ontract o r t o t h f ll sat i s f act i o n
o e e e e u
o f t h ci ty e .
A ll r p a i rs f i n j ur y t o p i p e s d ra i ns
“
e o th e r o b stac l e s nco unter ed i n , or o e
o r o t h e str e t s h a ll b e p r p e r ly m a d e b e f r
n e , fi lli ng o ve r an d ar oun d t h e o o e
sa m e .
”
b R ep l c i g i m p r o v d s u f a ce
. a n I n a ll cas t h c lass f p av m e n t e r s . es e o e
b e f r e x i st i ng s h a ll b ca r f u lly r ep l ace d o as t b e i n e ve r y wa y eq ua l t o
o e e e s o
i m p r v ed str ee ts a d t h r ug h t h b us i n ss p o rt i n o f t h e t wn t h e c o ntract o r
o n o e e o o ,
a f t r s e tt l m nt s h a ll o ccur
e -
e e .
”
0 T h e c ntract r s h a ll d o w h at v r m y b e n c ssar y t
. o o k ee p i n p o s i e e a e e o
ti no , d t o p r t ct f r o m i n j ur y a ll w at e r gas p i p e s s rv i c
an o e p i p e s l am p , ,
e e ,
'
p o sts p o l s a d a ll o t h r fixtur s whi c h m y b
, e , n e nc o unt r e d i n carr yi ng
e n e a e e o
d a m ag e d t h y s h a l l b e r e p a i r d by t h
, e p art i e s h av i ng c o ntr l o f t h e sa m e e o e,
a d th e
n xp ens o f suc h r p a i rs s h all b d d u t d f r o m t h a m ounts whi c h
e e e e e c e e
ma y b co m e d e t h e c o ntract o r ue .
2 1 6 ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) a n d ( N ) P u m p i n g Me th o d s e t c
.
, , , .
( K P m p i g a d d i i g u a T en c hn e s — D ur i ng t h tr nc hi ng
n ra n n d th e : . r
“
e e an
b ili ng He s h a ll p r ov i d f o a ll wat rw a y s d i tc h s o r s ew rs i nt e r ce p t ed
a . e r e ,
e e
d ur i ng t h e p r o gr e ss f th wo r k a n d r e p l ac t h m i n as g o d a d sa t i s f a c
o e , e e o n
t r y c o n d i t i o n as t h e y w r e b f o r e t h y we r e d i stur b d b f r e t h e wo r k
o e e e e , e o
w ill b acc p t ed e e .
”
c m p l t d d acc p t e d t h e c ntract r s h a ll p r om p t ly d p r p e r ly d i sp o s e
o e e an e ,
o o an o
p arat s t h e r f ru e o .
( L ) S y t m o f E xc v t i o a T ch e
s e A ll xcav t i o n s h a ll b d n
a a n : . r an s . e a e o e
by p e n t f r m t h sur f ac T r nch s f p i pe s e we rs s h a ll b e e i gh t ee n
o cu o e e . e e or ,
i nch e s w i d r t h a n t h e d i a m t r f t h e p i p e T h e bo tt om o f a ll tr e nc h e s
e e e o . ,
th e xact f o r m d s iz e f t h e l w e r h l f o f t h e p i p e o r s e w r t o b e l a i d
e an o o a , e ,
t h r i n Su i ta bl e h o l e s s h a ll b e t f or t h e p i pe be ll s a d f o t h e p r o p e r
e e .
cu , , n r
fitt i ng o f a ll j unct i ns wh e n n e d e d o e .
w r i t i ng by t h e c i t y T h e tr nc h s h a ll b e p r o p e r ly a d s m o o t hly b o tt o m e d
. e n
O p e ra t i o n s 33 l
f r ee f ro m t h o t h e r m at r i a le xcavat d f ro m t h e tr nc h s e e e e e .
I n r d r t f ac ili t t tr ffic d i nt r f r w i t h t h
“
o e o f th
a e p bli c a an e e e e u se o e u
f ee t m r s h a ll b e excavat ed by t h e
or o e o f an v r h a d co nv y o r s y st e m u se o e e e
wi t h w hi c h t h e m at e r i a l exca vat d o o e p rt i n o f t h e wo r k s h a ll b e n n o o e
d u m p d d i r t ly i nt o t h
e tr nc h i n whi c h t h s w r i s a l r a d y c m p l t d
ec e e e e e e o e e .
( M ) F i l l i g : Aq e d ct E m b a k m t s — T h m at r i a l i s t o b e d e p o s i t d
“
n u u n en e e e
an d s p r e a d i n h r i z o nta l l a y rs n t xc d i ng 3 i nch e s i n thi ck n e ss e ac h
o e o e ee ,
l a y r t b s ffi i e t l y wat e r e d d v e r y t h o r o ug hly r o ll e d wi t h a h av y
e o e u c n _ an e
gr v d r ll r Fr om t i m e t o t i m d r i ng t h c o ns tru ct i n o f t hi s p o rt i n
oo e o e . e u e o o
o f th e m b an k m e nts a d i f s o r q u i r e d t h r e t i m s a f t r i ts c o m p l e t i n
e ,
n e , e . e e o ,
u p n t h sur f ac
o e e .
T h e b u il d i ng o f t h e a q u e d uct p n suc h f un d at i n m b an k m e nt s s h a ll u o o o e
n ot b b gu n nt il t h ey h av e st o o d si x we k s a f t r c m p l t i n un l es s t h e r
e e u e e o e o , o
wi s d i r e t d
e ( M t Wat r
c e . S w rage B o ar d )
"
e . e e e .
( N ) Dr i l li g C h e l li g B l as t i g
n ,
d Q r y i g : a S h af t a d T
an n n , n an ua r n . n un
l — I f bl a t i ng i s n c ssar y i n t h e r m va l o f r c k f r o m sa i d s h a f t
“
ne s e e r e o o o
t nn e l s d e car s h a ll b e ta k n t p r o t c t a ll fin i s h d m as nr y o t h r
u , u e e o e e o r o e
w rko m at e r i a l i n sa i d s h a f t
or t nn l s f r m i n j u y d e t o t h e bla st i ng or u e o r u .
o f e l ctr i c i gn i t e r
e d d e t o nat i ng ca p s a n d o t by f us e s
an , n .
b C a a l — T h e c ntrac t o r i s t o f urn i s h a ll xp l s i v c o m p un d s f o r
. n
“
o e o e o
w h r as t h e st o r i ng h an d li ng
e e , d o f s o l arg an a m ount f xp l s i ve
, , an u se e o e o
m at r i a l r q i r s t h ut m o st car
e e u n d d i s r i m i nat i n
e ei t i s th r f r nd r e a c o , e e o e u e
or fr m o y t h r m aga zi n
an o f r m an y d w lli ng
e c pi d a h bi t t i n
e, or o e oc u e as a a o ,
a d t h at
n t m r t h an
no p o un d s s h a ll b e k e p t i n
o e p l ac It is f on e e . ur
t h r un d e rst d d agr d t h at sa i d xp l s i v m at r i a l s h a ll i
e oo an o cas
ee e o e e n n e
b e b r o ug h t nt t h w r k xc p t wh n n d d f t h p ur p s f ch arg i ng
o o e o e e e ee e or e o e o
th e b l a t h ol s a d t h en n ly i n suc h q nt i t y as i s n d d f t h p t i c
e s, n o ua ee e or e ar u
l ar w r k i n h an d
o d t h at n n b t s kill d , d car f l m
an s h a ll b e m o e u e an e u en e
p l yed i n t h
o h an d li ng e f sa i d exp l s i v d t h at liqu i d xp l s i v
o r u se o o e, an no e o e
s h a ll b e us e d .
m aga zi n s sh l l be k p t f r ee f v g ta bl c m b st ibl m at r i a l f a ra d i s
p‘
e a e o e e e or o u e e or u
o f on e h n d r d f et u d t h at t h i r w a ll s s h a ll b
e e m a d e b u ll t p r f t
, an a e e e oo , o
h i gh t f
e fo t a b ov t h c ont i n d xp l s i v s a d t h at i n
on e oo e c s e s h a ll
e a e e o e ,
n no a
th e y b m ad e o f b r i ck t ne I t i s l d a d agr d t h at s c h
'
e d st or s o . a so un er oo n ee u
s i gna l s o f d ng e r as m y b e d i r ct d by t h ng i n r s h a ll b g i v n
a , a e e e e ee , e e or
d i s p l y d b f r t h e fir i ng
a e e o f an y bl e t a d t h at t h sa i d c o ntr ct o r s h a ll o as , n e a
c n f r m hi s acts t
o o d o b e y a ll ru l e s d r gu l at i ns r l at i v t
o an th h an d an e o e e o e
li ng o f xp l s iv e s d t h e fir i ng f bl asts f t h p ro t ct i n f li f e o p r op
e o an o , or e e o o r
332 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s fo r P ro c e s se s
ert y, hi ch m y b e m a d by t h e e ng i n e e r f r o m t i m e t o t i m e ( S p ec San
w a e . . .
D i st o f C hi cago )
. .
2 1 7 ( O ) D i sp o s a l o f Ma t e r i a l a n d ( P ) O v e r h a u l
. .
( O ) D i sp o s l o f M t i l a S h a f t a d T l Th m at r i a l f r m t h e
a er a : . an unn e . e e o
s h a f t o tunn l s s h a ll b e d e p o s i t ed at t h e p i nt d i r ct e d by t h e e ng i n ee r t h
r e o e , e
d i sta nc e t o wh i c h s h a ll n o t xc e d t h r h un d r ed f e t f r o m t h e t p o f t h e e e ee e o
shaf t .
”
b S t r e t Wo k
. e A ll xcav t d m at e r i a l s h a ll b e d i s p o s e d f as f o l
r . e a e o
l o ws : Fi rst i t s h a l l b s ed t o m a k e an y fi ll s n c ssar y t o b r i ng t h e f o un
, e u e e
d at i o n o f t h e str t t o t h p r p r gra d e ; s c n d i t s h a ll b d p o s i t d
ee e an y o e e o , e e e on
t h e ba l anc e o f sa i d m at r i a l s h a ll b e r e m o v e d f r o m sa i d str t by t h co
e ee e n
tract o r d at hi s o w xp ns
an d m ay b e so l d o o t h e r wi s e d i s p o s ed o f
n e e e, an r
as h e m ay l ect e .
cr o ss wa lk st n e i n go d co n d i t i n a f t r t h sam h ave b e n ta k en p by
o o o ,
e e e e u
,
a u ue e e s no
str ts as t h e e ng i n e r m y d i r ec t
ee e a .
c T e ch e — T h m at r i a l f r om t h e tr nch s s h a ll b e so d ep o s i te d as
. r n s
“
e e e e
(1 T . ch es — ( a ) T h xcavat ed m at e r i a l o o t h e r m a t e r i a l us ed
r en e e th e r on
w k s h a ll b
or l a i d c m p act lye th s i d s f t h tr nch a d k p t p il d
o on e e o e e , n e e or
p u bli c a d a d j o i n i ng t e n a nts
n .
p r o pe r m asur e s s h a ll b e ta k e n t o p r ov i d
e fo t h e f r ee p assag e f sur f ac e e r o
w at e r a l o ng t h e gutt e rs .
( ) C
e a a l — T h e c ntract o r e xc p t as h e r e i n b e f o r e s p e ci fi e d i s t o d i s
n o , e ,
p os e i a ll m at r i a l t
o b e exca vat d un d r t h e t e r m s o f t hi s c ntract at hi s
e o e e o
r i gh t o f w y ; p r ov i d d t h at t h e f o t f t h i n e r s l o pe o f sa i d b an k s s h a ll
a e , o o e n
n ot b ne ar r t t h d ge f t h e m a i n ch anne l t h an 5 0 f ee t m eas r d at
e e o e e o , u e
an e l evat i o n o f 1 0 f e t a bo v e d atu m a d t h at t h e f o t o f t h o ut r 1 0p e , n o e e s e
s h a ll n o t a p p r ach t h e m arg i n f t h r i gh t o f w y c l o s e r t h an 1 0 f e e t n or
o o e a ,
s o a s t o m at e r i a lly i nt r f e r e w i t h t h fl w t h r f ; t h e s l p e s n xt t h e c h an
e e o e eo o e
n el a d sa i d m argi n o f r i v e r t
n be t l ss t h an o e d e h al f t o e nd o no e n an on -
on , a
sa i d w ast b n k s t o b e w i thi n t h e li m i ts f 45 0 f e e t f r o m t h e e d g o f t h e
e a o e
m a i n c h ann l d p r v i d e d t h at t hi s s h a ll
e , an o t b e c nstru e d t o p r v e nt an y
o n o e
o th r d i sp o si t i on o f t h m at e r i a l w i t h t h e c o ns e nt f t h e e ngi n e r ( S pec
”
e e o e . .
fi f t e e n h un d r d f e t f t h wo r k as t h en g i n r m a y d i r ct On an y m
e e o e , e ee e . a
3 34 S p e c i fi c a t io n s f o r P r o c e s s e s
S tr ippi n g an d G r a bb i n g
Stri pp in g su r f ac e fo r r e s e rvo i r .
F i l ls an d E m b a n k m e n ts
F illin g ac r o ss a ravin e f o r hi g h way p ur p o s e s .
Co nstruc ti o n o f l e v e e by sc ra p e rs .
Co nstructi o n o f l e v e e by m achin e ry .
D i t ch i n g and
‘
D r e dg i n g
Co nstructi o n an i rri g ati o n canal han d fi ni sh e d f o r linin g
of ,
.
D r e dg in g a riv e r b e d f o r b o at chann e l .
D r e d g in g a riv e r o r lak e f o r a d o ck .
S h af t an d Tu n n e ls :
Co nstru cti o n tunn e l in e arth f o r rail way
of .
E xcavatin g a d u g w e ll .
E xcavatin g a m in e sha f t .
Tr e n c h i n g .
Co nstructi o n tr e nch
of f o r p i p e s e we r .
Co nstructi o n o f tr e n ch f o r brick s e w e r .
Co nstructi o n o f tr e nch f o r w at e r p i p e .
Misce lla n eo u s
E xcavati o n f o r trans m issi o n t o we r bas e in har d g r o un d .
2 2 0. As s i g n m e n t s o f o th e r F u n d am e n ta l P r o c e s se s .
B a n k P r o t e ct i o n
F u rnishin g an d p lacin g h eavy ri p ra p .
F u n da m e n t a l P r o c e s s e s 335
B r i ck M as o n r y :
L ayin g c o m m o n brick in walls o f buil d in g .
B r u sh M a t tr ess :
Makin g a n d p lacin g inclu d in g c o v e rin g
,
w i th ri p ra p an d sinkin g .
C ar pen t er Wo r k
Co nstructin g c onc r e t e f o r m s ( fi nish e d w o rk o r r o u g h w o rk ) .
F ra m in g ti m b e rs f o r crib da m s o r tr e stl e wo rk .
F ra m in g ti m b e rs f o r h e a d in g s a n d tunn e ls o r sha f ts .
C o ff e r D a m
C lay bank m e nt ( f o r shall o w w a t e r )
em
T w o r o w s o f sh e e t p ilin g fi ll e d w ith p u dd l e .
C o n cr e t e W or k — P l a i n o r R ei n f o r ce d :
Makin g c o ncr e t e ( m ixtu r e ) a n d p lac in g f o un dati o n o f r o a d s
‘
7
or
m achin e ry .
Fo r si d e walk fl o o rs o r c u rb a n d g utt e rs
, .
C o n cr e t e Wa r k— R e i n for ced
Fo r f e nc e p o sts b e arin g p il e s o r trans m issi o n p o l e s
,
.
Fo r r e s e rv o i rs — w alls a n d b o tt o m o r linin g .
Fo r b e a m s slabs o r c o lu m ns
,
.
Fo r s e we r p i p e o r c u lv e rts .
Fe n ci n g
R ailr o a d ri g ht o f w a y o r hi g h w ays .
7 M ixt r e t o
u be s e l ect ed or as i gn
s ed .
3 36 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r P r o c e s se s
H ig h w ay an d S t r e e t Co n s t r u c t i o n.
sur f ac e ) .
C e d ar bl o ck Do u g las fi r bl o ck o r c r eo s o t e d w o o d bl o ck
, .
Ma ch i n er y an d Appu rt en a n c es :
F u rnishin g st e e l castin g s f o r g e a rs .
Ma ch i n e Sh o p I/Vo r k
B o rin g n g in e cylin d e r
e .
R iv e t e d wo rk f o r b e st S c o tch m arin e b o il e r .
R iv e t e d w o rk f o r h o u s e tank o r stan dp i p e .
P ai n t in g :
S t e e l bri d g e o r st e e l p o l e s a n d t o we rs .
F ra m e buil d in g ( e xt e ri o r ) o r w in do w s an d do o r f ra m e s o f brick
p o we r h o u s e .
St ee l s tan dp i p e o r st ee l p e nst o ck .
P ilin g "
.
S a w in g o ff r o un d p il e s un de r w at e r o r cuttin g o ff st e e l p il e s in
p lac e .
F i r st G e n er a l spe ci fi ca t io n s a re u sually p r ep ar e d f o r o c ca si o ns
.
A T h e ki n d a n d nu m b e r o f m ach in e s t o b e f u rn i sh e d
. .
B T h e p u r p o s e f o r which th e y a r e t o b e us e d
. .
C T h e c a p acity
. .
D Th e c o n d iti o n o f o p e rati o n
. .
G T h e ti m e o f d e liv e ry
. .
b y t h e m a n u f a c tu r e r bu t w hi ch a r e m a nu f a ctu r e d t o o r d e r a n d a r e
m o r e o r l e ss s p e cial i n acc o r da nc e w ith t h e d e m an d s o f t h e p urchas e r
,
.
t h e w o rk m an sh i p a n d fi n i sh a n d t h e w e i g h t s i z e a n d d i m e ns i o n s o f
, ,
all p ar t s .
n ee de d a n d t h e w o rk t o b e do n e by it sh o ul d b e s p e ci fi e d Th e s e
, ,
.
fi x e d by t h e c o n d iti o ns sh o ul d so f a r as p o ssibl e b e s p e ci fi e d If t h e
, ,
.
it sh o ul d b e r e ci p r o catin g o r c e ntri f u g al If a p o we r p u m p is r e .
c ifi e d .
U nl e ss t h e s p e ci fi cati o ns li m it t h e m o st c o m m o n de tails t h e bi d s ,
s p e ci fi cati o ns m ust b e d ra w n so c o m p l e t e as t o p r e v e nt t h e u se o f i m
p ro p e r m at e rial a n d co nstructi o n .
3 40 S p e c i fi c a t io n s fo r M a c h in e r y
L i m i t i n g D e t a i ls — It
i s u suall y un de si rabl e e xc e p t in s pe cial ,
m u ch o f t h e s u cc e s s o f t h e m ach i n e ry o f t e n d e p e n d s a n d o n w h i ch ,
t i o n s r e qu i rin g ch an g e s i n such d e si g n s sh o u l d s e l d o m b e w ri tt e n a n d ,
sh o ul d b e d ra w n so br o a dly as t o a dm it t h e u se o f t h e valuabl e f e at u r e s
o f all fi rst class m ak e rs Fo r e xa m p l e in p u m p a n d e n g ine sp e c ifi c a
.
,
2 2 3 . V h e r e s p e ci fi c ati o n s a r e g e n e ral a n d n o t
.
s p e ci fi c t h e stan d in g a n d e x p e ri e nc e o f t h e m ak e r b e c o m e i m p o rtant
,
h av e t h e e x p e ri e nc e n e c e s sary f o r t h e s u cc e s s f ul m an u fa ctu r e o f m a
chi n e ry o f a d i ff e r e n t ty p e o r ca p a ci ty A m ach in e f u rn i sh e d a n d
.
2 2 4 D e tail e d Sp e c ifi ca t io n s —T h e p r e p arat i o n o f d e ta il e d
.
b e c o m p l e t e t o thi s e xt e nt e v e n th o u g h it b e i n t h e si m p l e st po ssi
,
m a y b e classi fi e d as :
A Sp e ci fi cati o ns w hich m u st al w ays b e inclu d e d a n d
.
,
i t i s e s s e n tial e s p e ci ally f o r t h e y o u n g o r i n e x p e ri e n c e d e n g in e e r t o
, ,
G en e r a l R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r Spe c i fi c a ti o n s f o r St e a m B o i l e r s
,
2 2 7 . .
A S p e c i ficat i o ns f o st am b il rs m ust a l wa y s i nc l u d
. r e o e e
( a ) Nu m b e r o f b il rs r q u i r e d o e e .
( c ) B il r ca p ac i t y r q i r d
o e e u e
B o il r h o rs p o we r
e e .
Nu m b e r f p un d s f d y st a m at s p e c i fi d p r ssur h o rs e
o o o r e e e e
p w e r a d d scr i p t i o n o f m ac hi
o n r y f o wh i c h st am i s t b
e ne r e o e
f urn i s h d e .
( d ) Pur p s f w hi c h b il rs a
o e or d es i red o e re .
( 6 ) B il rs t b d e li v r d wh r e
o e o e e e e .
( f ) F o un d at i ns a d s tt i ngs t o b f u n i s h d by wh o m
o n e e r e .
( a ) B o il rs t o b e r ct e d by w h m
e e e o .
whi c h m y i nc l u d e s o m e o a ll o f t h e f o ll w i ng :
a r o
C o m p l t e b o il e r se tt i ngs
e .
G rat s p l a i n e ,
r c king or o .
Ge n e ra l R e q u ire m e n t s 343
S m ke stack s a d gu y s
o n .
Furnac t o o l s e .
Sa f e t y va l ve .
St a m gauge wi t h s i p h o n
e , .
G aug e c o c k s .
B l o w o ff va l v e .
C h e ck va l v e .
St o p va l v e .
W hi st l e st am p i p i ng a d c ove r i ng
e n .
(i )
’
Ti m e f d li v r y
o e e .
(j ) T h e bi d d e r s h u l d b r e qu i r d t o s p e c i f y '
o e e
D i a m e t e r o f b o il e r .
L e ngth o f b o il e r .
N um b e r d i am e t e r d l engt h o f fi e
, wat r t b s an u s or e u e .
W i gh t o f b o il e r
e .
W i gh t o f fixtur e s
e .
Thi ck n ss o f s h ll
e e .
Thi ck n e ss o f h ea d .
fl o r s p ac o ccu p i d a d p s i t i on f a ll p i p s a d co nn ec
o e e , n o o e n
o fi e r ed .
( 1) It is s i ra bl e t o r q i r e t h bi d d e r t o su b m i t d e ta il d sp ci fi a
de e u e e e c ~
c o nstruct i o n o f t h e b o il e r w hi ch t h e p r o p o s i t i o n i s s u b on
m i t ted .
m e nt i n d n d r o
j ef a ll d e ta il d sp ec i ficat i o n s r e qu i r i ng
u e
“
,
”
or e
B . B o il e r s p e c i ficat i o ns s h o l d a l s o i nc l u d e u
( )
a P o s i t i o n — v rt i ca l h r iz o nta l
e or o .
( b ) Ty p e
P l a i n cyli n d e r .
R e turn tub u l ar .
L o c m t i ve
o o .
Sco tch m ar i ne or ,
Wat r tu b ee .
( 0) Ec o n o m y
E ffic i e ncy eco n m y r e qu i r e d
or o .
T sts t o b e exacte d
e .
p o o r wo r k m ans hi p o m at e r i a l r .
Fo r f e i tur f o r d l a y a d p r m i m f o ar ly c om p l e t i o n
e e n e u r e .
( 6 ) Pa y m nts e .
3 44 S p e c i fi ca t i o n s f o r M a c h i n e ry
2 2 8 . G e n e r a l R e q u i r e m e nt s f o r Spe c i fi ca ti o n s f o r St e a m E n
g in es .
( a ) Nu m b e r o f e ng i n e s r e q u i r e d .
( 0) H o rs e p o we r r q u i r d e e .
ct c nn e ct i o n t o d r i v e -
o
( d ) Eng i n e s t o b e us d f e t d riv or o e
m i ss i n t d r i v o o e
( e ) Eng i n s t o b e d e li v e r d wh r
e e e e .
( f ) F o un d at i o ns t o b b u il t by wh o m e .
( a ) Eng i n e s t o b e r e ct e d by wh m e o .
whi c h m a y i nc l u d s o m e o a ll o f t h e f ll o w i ng e r o
S b b as e
u -
.
I n d i cat o r c o nne ct i o ns .
Dr i v i ng p u ll e y c l utc h c ou p li ngs o o t h r c nn e ct i o ns
, r e o
G o v e rn o r s iz e—i f t h r o tt li ng
, .
St e a m p i p s an d cove r i ng e .
Dra i n o r d r i p p i p es .
Th r o tt l e val v e .
O ili ng d v i ce s e .
F o un d at i on b o l ts .
T o o l s a d w r e nch s n e .
( 12) Ti m e o f d e li v e r y .
( j ) T h e bi d d r s h o u l d b r e q u i r d t o stat e t h e d i m e ns i ns f t h e f l
e e e o o o
l o w i ng p a rts o f t h e m ac hi n e w hi c h h e bi d s on :
D i am e t r o f c yli n d r o cyli n d e rs
e e r .
Le ngt h o f str o ke .
D i am e t e r d l e ngt h o f m a i n b e ar i ngs
an .
D i m e t r a n d l ngt h o f cran k p i n
a e e .
D i a m t e r d l e ngt h o f cr ss h e a d p i
e an o n .
D i m ens i o ns cr o ss h a d be ar i ng sur f ac e e .
D i am e t e r o f fi y wh e e l -
.
W e i gh t o f ng i n e e .
( k ) B i d d e r s h ou l d b e re qu i r d t f urn i s h s tt i ng d i agra m s h o w i ng e o e
fl o o r s p ac e d p s i t i n o f p i p s cata l gu c ts o r p r i nts
an o o e , o e u
s h w i ng g n ra l t y p e f m ac hi n o ff r d
o e e o e e e .
( 1 ) I n g n ra l i t i s d s i ra bl
e e t r qu i r bi d d rs t o su b m i t d ta il d
e e o e e e e e
i n t h e c nstruct i o n o f t h m ac hi n e o n whi ch a p r p o s i t i o n i s
o e .
o
s b m i tt ed
u .
o t h r f atur e s m e nt i o n d un d r f o a ll d t il e d s p c i
“ ”
or e e e e , r e a e
fi t i o s r e q i r i ng d p artur e s f r m t h m a k r s stan d ar d s
’
ca n u e o e e
Pu m p i ng i nt o a r s e rvo i r e .
( 6 ) Pu m p s t b d e li v r d w h r e
o e e e e .
( f ) F o un d at i o ns t o b e b u il t by wh o m .
( 9 ) P m p s t o b e e r e ct e d by w h o m
u .
w hi c h m a y i ncl u d e s o m e o a ll o f t h e f o ll o wi ng r
I n d i cat o r c o nn ct i ns f o b t h st ea m a d wat r n d e o r o n e e .
St ea m p i p e c o nn e ct i ons a d c ove r i ng n .
St ea m s p arat o r d tra p e an .
S iz e f d r i v i ng p u ll y
o e .
Dra i n o d r i p p i p s n d a i r co ck s
r e a .
Th ro tt l va lve e .
O ili ng d ev i ce s .
F un d at i o n b o l ts
o .
T o o l s d wr ench e s
an .
( i ) Ti m e o f d l i v r y e e .
( j ) B i d d r s h o l d b e r q u i r e d t o s p e c i f y d i a m e t r o f cyli n d e r o r cy l i
e u e e n r
d e rs .
L ngt h o f str o k
e e .
W e i g h t o f p u m p t g th r w i t h suc h o t h e r i n f r m at i o n as t h e
,
o e e o
( k ) B i d d e r s h u l d b e r qu i r d t
o f urn i s h s tt i ng d i agr m s h o wi ng
e e o e a
cuts p r i nts s h o w i ng g e n e ra l t y p
or o f m ac hi n e r y o ff r e d e e .
( 1 ) I n g n ra l i t i s a l s d s i ra bl e t o r q u i r e bi d d e r s t o su b m i t d e t il e d
e e , o e e a
i n t h e co nstruct i o n o f t h m achi n e wh i c h t h p r o p o s i t i o e on e n
i s sub m i tt e d .
B . Th e s e s p e c i ficat i o ns s h o u l d a l s o i nc l u d e
( )
a P o s i t i o n — v rt i ca l o h o r iz nta l
e r o .
( )b Ex p ans i n — s i m p l o r c m p oun d
o e o .
C yli n d e r rat i o .
Nu m b e r o f ex p ans i ns o r l as e p r ssur e o , r e e e .
( a ) C o n d ns i ng o
e o c n d ns i ng r n n- o e .
Typ e :
S i ng l e cyli n d r d o u bl act i ng e e .
Du p l ex cy li n d r d u bl act i ng e o e .
Cran k a d fl y wh l hi g h d uty
n -
ee .
( 6 ) S p ee d :
P i st o n s p e d e .
Nu m b e r f stro k e s o r evo l ut i o ns
o r .
( f ) Ec o n m y o
Dut y .
E ffic i ncy o e co n o m y r e qu i r d
e r e .
T st t o b exacte d
e e .
( g ) F i n i sh f
Lagg i ng .
G e n e ra l R e q u i r e m e n t s 347
Pa i nt i ng .
P li s hi ng
o .
( h ) G a r ant e e s a d f o r f e i tur e s
u n .
m at e r i a l .
F o r f e i tur e f o d e l a y a d p re m i u m f o e ar ly c o m p l e t i o n
r ,
n r .
( i ) Pa y m e nts .
2 3 0 G e n e r al R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r Spe c i fi cat i o n s f o r E l e c tr ic
‘
.
G e n e r a t o r o r Mo t o r
-
.
( a ) Nu m b e r o f m ac hi n s r e qu i r d e e .
( b ) C l ass o f m ac hi n e r y
D i r e ct curr e nt v o l tag w i n d i ng ( s h nt c o m p o un d o s e r i e s )
, . e, u ,
r .
A l t rnat i ng curr nt
e e :
V l tag r g l at i n f r qu e ncy p h as
o e, e u d p o we r f act o r
o , e , e an un
d e w hi c h m ac hi n w ill
r p e rat e e o .
( d ) G n e r a t o r o m o t o r t o b e us d
e r e
D i re ct co nn ect ed .
B l t c o nn e ct e d o
e , r
R p e c onn e ct e d t o wh at m achi ne
o .
( e ) Mac hi n s t o b e d li v r d wh r
e e e e e e .
( f ) F o un d at i o ns t o b e b u il t by w h o m .
( g ) Mac hi n s t o b e re t d by wh om e e c e .
( h ) S p e c i f y t o o l s fitt i ngs a d e q u i p m e nt t
, b e f urn i s h d wi t h m an o e
chi n s whi c h m y i nc l ud e s o m o l l o f t h f o ll w i ng
e , a e r a e o
watt m e t r li g h tn i ng arr st rs s w i tc h e s li g h ts
e , e e , , .
A m m t rs e e .
( i ) Ti m o f d e li v r y
e e .
( j ) T h bi d d e r s h u l d b e r q u i r d t s p c i f y t y p o f m ac hi n
e o e n whi c h e o e e e o
p r o po s i t i n i s m a d e o .
Num b e r o f r ev l ut i o ns o .
D i a m e t e r a d l n gt h o f m a i n b e ar i ngs
n e .
Ty p o f be ar i ng
e .
E ffi c i ncy at f u ll t h r e quart r s a n d h a l f l a d
e ,
e -
e o .
S iz o f p u lle y ( i f us d )
e e .
C l ass o f b l t o o t h e r c nn e ct i ng m e ch an i s m t o b f rn i s h e d
e ,
r o e u .
G u ra t e d li m i t t o h e at i ng un d r l o a d
n
e e e .
( k ) B i d d e r s h u l d b e r e q u i r e d t o f urn i s h s tt i ng d i agram s h wi ng t h e
o e o
fl o o r s p ac a n d p o s i t i n o f c nn ct i o ns cata l gu cuts o
e o o e , o e r
p r i nts s h o wi ng g e n e ra l t y p e o f m ac hi n ff r e d e o e .
( 1 ) I n g n e ra l i t i s d e s i ra bl e t o r q u i r bi d d rs t su b m i t d e ta il e d
e , e e e o
i n t h c nstruct i n f t h m achi n e
e o w hi c h t h e p r p s i t i on
o o e on o o
i s su b m i tt e d .
f e atur e s m nt i o n d i n
j f e a ll d ta il e d s p e c i ficat i on s
e
“
,
”
or e re
qu i r i ng d p artur s f r m t h e m a k r s st n d ar d m e an xtra
e e o e
’
a e
a d n f t e n unn e c ssar y
o xp ens e e e .
B . S pe c i ficat i o ns f o t hi s t y p o f m ac hi n r y s h o u l d a l s o i ncl ud e
r e e :
( a ) G r e at e r d ta il c o nce rn i ng t y p o f m ac hi n d s i r d
e e e e e .
( b ) S p ed
e :
p s o f e Whi c h m ach i n i s t b us e d
or e o e .
( 0) R e gu l at i o n a d c n o m y n e o
T st t b xact d
e o e e e .
Fi ni sh .
( 6 ) G uarant e a d f r f e i tur e
e n o
t e r i al .
F r f i tur f d l a y d p re m i um f o ar ly c m p l t i o n
o e e or e an r e o e .
( f ) Pa y m e nts .
2 31 . Ass i g n m e n t s f o r P r e p a ri n g O u t l in e o f G e n e ral R e q u i r e
m e n t s f o r Ma ch i n e r y a n d Ap p aratu s — T h e p r e c e d in g e xa m p l e s si m
l
p y o utlin e i n l o g ical o r d e r t h e g e n e ral r e qui r e m e nts f o r th o s e f e atur e s
which sh o u l d o r m ay b e inclu d e d i n t h e s p e ci fi cati o ns f o r c e rtain m a
chin e s o r a pp aratus .
T h e stu de nt sh o ul d s e l e ct o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o ll o w in g s u bj e cts ,
a n d sh o ul d
T h ir d : H e sh o ul d m ak e a m o r e c o m p l e t e o utlin e f o r a g e n e ral o r
d e tail e d s p e ci fi cati o n arran g in g in l o g ical o r d e r t h e vari o u s f e atu r e s an d
,
s e cs 2 3 9 t o 2 4 2 inclusiv e
. .
2 32 . Subj e c t s f o r O u tl in e s an d Sp e c i fi cati o n s .
Ace t yl e n e B l o wp i p e f r We l d i ng o .
A i r C om p r e ss o r .
350 S p ec i fi ca t io n s f o r M a c h i n e ry
w h ich t h e n g i n e e r d e c i d e s sh o u l d b e p r o p e rly i nc lu d e d T h e s e
e .
sh o u l d b e se t d o w n i n l o g ica l o r d e r a n d e a ch m ai n h e a d in g sh o ul d ,
I n g e n e ral su ch a n o ut l in e sh o ul d i n clu d e
,
a ll o f t h e it e m s w h i ch a r e t o b e f u rn i sh e d u n d e r t h e p r o p o s e d c o n
t ract .
Se c o n d : T h e n u m b e r ty p e ca p ac i t y s e rvi c e a n d r e qu i r e m e n t s , , ,
o f t h e m ach i n e s d e s ir e d .
T h i r d : T h e f o u n d a ti o n e r e ct i o n a n d fi n i sh i n g , .
F o u r t h : T h e a p p u rt e nan c e s t o o ls e t c t o b e f ur ni sh e d , , .
, .
F if th : T h e d e tai l s o f t h e m ach in e a s f a r a s th e y a r e t o b e s e t
f o rth .
S i x t h : T h e d ra w in g s a n d s p e c i fi cati o n t o b e su b m i tt e d w ith
t h e b i d a n d t o b e m a d e p a rt o f t h e c o n trac t .
E ig h t h : T h e g e n e ral r e qu ir e m e nt s a s t o i n s p e cti o n sh i p m e n t , ,
p ay m e n t s e t c ,
.
e xt ra s t o b e i n clu d e d i n s u ch o u tli n e s :
2 34 O u t l in e o f Spe c i fi cat i o n s f o r a St e am B o il e r
. .
1 E xt e t of C o t a c t
°
. n n r
A B o il r
. e .
B Er e ct i n
. o .
C Va l v s
. e .
D Pr e ssur e ga g e ga g co ck s a n d w at r c l u m ns
. u , u e e o .
E F ee d a d bl o w ff p i p s n d c o nn ct i o ns
. n -
o e a e .
F To o l s
. .
G G rat b ars
. e .
‘
H B o il r acc ss r i s a d a p p urt nance s as s p c i fi d
. e e o e n e e e .
N Nu m b e r o f b il e rs
J
o .
O
C Rat i ng .
Q Ty p f b o il e r
e o .
I
U C ntract o rs s p e c i ficat i ons
o
’
.
Q D e ta il s .
A G e n ra l d i m ns i o ns
. e e .
B S h e ll
. .
0 Tub s . e .
D Mat e r i a l
. .
( 0) S h ll e .
O u t l in e o f S p e c i fi ca t i o n s
T ub e s
(b) .
( 0) R i v ts e .
E W o r k m ans hi p
.
.
G Dom e o d y p i p
. r r e .
H Man h o l e s a d h
’
. dh ol s n an e .
I Wa ll b rac k e ts
. o t h e r m ans o f su p p o rt
or e .
K Furnac e
. d grat e san .
L St k r
. o e .
Furnac s e tt i ngs
e d c ve r i ngs an o .
B r ee c hi ng sm k e c o nn ct i ns stac k
, o d stac k p l at e
e o , an .
B o il e r f r nts a d fl
o r p l at s
n oo e .
B o i le r acc e ss r i e s o .
( a ) Sa f t y va l v s e e .
( b ) St e am gaug e w i t h s i p h n o .
( 0) Wat e r ga g e w i t h stan d p i p u e .
G aug e c o c k s .
( e ) W hi st l d p ip e an e .
( f ) B l w c d va l v o -
e .
( g ) C h e c k va l v e .
( h ) St o p va l ve .
( ) G g s—st a m
1 au d r e c o r d i ng
e e an .
( 7 ) Furnac t oo l s e .
B P i p i ng
. .
( ) St a m p i p
a e e .
( b ) F e d p i pe e .
( 0) B l w ff p i p o -
o e .
( d ) P i p c v r i ng e o e .
0 Fe e d p m p
. u .
( a ) S iz e a d t y p e n .
( b ) D scr i p t i o n e .
I n j e ct o r d c nn ct i o ns
an o e .
G Dam p e r r g l at o r
. e u .
I M c h an i ca l d ra f t a p p aratus
. e .
Ere ct i o n .
I ns p e ct i n a d i nsurance
o n .
E ffi c i e ncy o f b o il e r .
T es t .
G uarantee .
Ti m e o f s hi p m nt d li ve r y co m p l e t i o n
e , e or .
Pa y m e nts .
352 S p e c i fi c a t io n s fo r M a c h i n e r y
2 35 . O u tl i n e Sp e c i fi c ati o n f o r St e am E n g i n e s .
1 . E xt en t of c r k t o b e d n e un d r thi s contract s h a ll i nc lu d e
C o n t r a t : T h e wo o e
A Th f urn i s hi ng o f
. e st a m ng i n s e e e .
B T o b e d e li v r d
. e e
( ) On f o n d at i o ns at
a u .
( b ) Fr e e n bo ar d car s at o
t o ) Fr e n b o ar d cars at f act o r y
e o .
C T h e f un d at i o ns f o sa i d ng i n s h a ll b e c o nstruct e d by
’
. o r e e
( a ) C o ntract o r f o r t h e e ng i n e .
( b ) T h p urch as r e e .
D T h e ng i n e s h a ll b e r ct d by
. e e e e
( ) T h c ntract o r f o t h e e ng i n
a e o r e .
( b ) T h e p urc h as e r .
E Th r e s h a ll a l s o b e i nc l u d e d a ll c o nn ect i o ns t o l s
. e qu i p m ent acce s , o , e ,
s r i s n d a p p urt nanc s as h e r e i na f t e r p r ov i d ed
c e a e e .
2 . C a p a ci t y Th : e ng i n e s s h a ll e ac h h av e a ca p ac i t y
e f at l e ast ( i nd i o
a t e d o r act a l ) h o rs e p o we r
c u .
S er vi c e : T h ng i n e s s h a ll d ev l op t h e h o rs p w r a b ve s p ec i fi e d un d e r
e e
‘
e e o e o
a b il e r p r ssur e o f o p un d s a d s h a ll b
e d e s i gnat e d t o o , n e
p o un d s . .
p um p m a i n sh af t whi c h h as a s p ee d o f
, revo l ut i ns
, o
i nc h s i n d i a m e t r by i nch f a ) t o whi c h sa i d n
e e . . ce , e
co nn ect i n ) o .
4 . T y p e of E g i e Th
n e ng i n e s ha ll b
n : o f t h e ( s li d e va l v
e a t m t i c hi g h e e, u o a
sp d C o r li ss ) t y p
ee d s h a ll h v
or ( s i ng l e c o m p o un d o e, an a e ,
r
o c n d e ns i ng )
n n- o
D a wi n g s
r .
Sp e ci fi ca ti s on .
G en er a l D esi g n .
G en er a l D i m e n si o n s : T h e bi d d e r s h a ll f rn i s h wi t h h i s p r op sa l t h e f o l u o
l o wi ng d i m e ns i ns o f t h ng i n e s n whi ch h i s p r o p s i t i o n i s
o e e o o
b as e d
D i a m e t e r f hi g h p r e ssur e cyli n d e r
o .
D i a m t r o f i nt r m d i at e cyli n d e r
e e e e .
D i am e t e r o f l ow p r e ssur e cyl i n d e r .
L ngt h o f str o k e
e .
R evo l ut i o ns p m i n t e er u .
P i st o n s p e e d p e m i n t r u e .
S iz e o f st eam p i p e .
S iz e o f xh aust p i p e e .
D i a m t e r o f fly wh l
e ee .
W i gh t o f fl y wh e l
e e .
354 S p e c i fi c a t io n s f o r M a c h i n e ry
Hi Lu b r i cat o rs a d o ili ng d v i ce s n e .
I . T oo l s wr nc h e s e t, e , c .
J . C nd ens e r
o :
( )
a C l a ss — j t o sur f ace e r .
( b ) P i p i ng a d c o nn ct i o ns n e .
K . A i r a d vacuu m p u m p sn .
11 . Er e ct i o n .
12 . Ma r k s .
13 . T es t s .
14 . Gu a ra n t ee a d i s u r a ce n n n .
15 . Ti m e of D l i ve y e r .
16 . P a y m en t s .
2 36 O u tl in e o f Sp e c i fi c a t i o n f o r a P o w e r P u m p
. .
1 . E xt e t o f C o t a c t T h w r k t o b d o n e n d e r t hi s c ntract s h a ll i nc l u d e
n n r : e o e u o
A T h f urn i s hi ng f
. e p we r p u m p s o o .
B T o b e d li v e r e d
. e
( ) On f o un d at i o ns at a .
( 0) Fr ee o b ar d cars at n o
C T h e f un d at i n s f o sa i d p u m p s s h a ll b e c o nstruct e d by
. o o r
( a ) T h c o ntract o r e .
( b ) T h e p urc h as r e .
D T h m ac hi n e s s h a ll b e r e ct d by
. e e e
( a ) T h c ntract r e o o .
( b ) T h e p urc h as e r .
E Th r e s h a ll a l s
. b e i nc l u d d a ll c o nn ct i o ns t o o l s
e qu i p m e nt
o e e , , e , se
e ie d a p p urt e nanc e s as h e r e i na f t e r p r o v i d d
c ss o r s an e .
2 . C a p a ci t y : T h p u m p s s h a ll a c h h av a c p ac i t y o f at l e a st
e ga l e e a
a t a p i st o n s p d of o t t o exc e e d f e t p e m i nut ee n e r e .
3 . Se vi c e : T h
r p u m p s s h a ll b e ca p a bl e o f p u m p i ng t h e q uant i t y o f w at e r
e
of lb s p s quar e i nch ) ( h a d o f f et f r fi
. er s rv , e e o re e
i ce .
4 . T y p e of Pu m p
A C yli n d e rs
.
( a ) S i ng l e .
( b ) Du p l ex .
( 6 ) T r i p l ex .
B Act i o n
.
( ) D u bl e act i ng a o .
( b ) S i ng l e act i ng .
5 . E ffi ci e n cy .
6 . D r awi g s n .
7 . Sp e ci fi ca t i o d d es cr i p t i on n an .
O u t lin e o f Sp e c i fica t io n s 355
8 . G e n er a l d e s i g n .
9 . G e n er a l d i m e n si o n s .
1 0
; G en er a l d e t a i l s of c o n s tr uc t i on
A P m p f ram e
. u .
B Wat r e d
. e n :
( ) P l ung rs —s p e d ca p ac i t y
a e e , .
( b ) St ffing b x s u o e .
0 Wat r va l v e c nstruct i n
. e o o
( ) D s i gn a e .
( b ) Va l v e d i scs .
( 0) Suct i o n va l v s e .
( d ) F o rc va l v s e e .
( ) Va l v s p r i ngs
e e
( f ) Va lve s e ats .
D P o we r e d :
. n
( ) Pini n shaf t a o .
( b ) P i ni n d g ars o an e .
( 0) G ar guar d e .
S p d o f p rat i ng m o t o r
ee o e .
( e ) S iz f d r i v i ng p u ll y f r i ct i o n c l utc h
e o e ,
( f ) R vo l t i n e u o .
E C nn ct i ns
. o e o .
( ) C nn ct i ng r o d s
a o e .
( b ) Cr ss h a d a d cr o ss h a d gu i d e s
o e n e .
( 0) Ma i n cran k s h a f t .
Wat e r c nn e ct i ns o o .
( a ) Han d h l s o e .
( D) A i r c h a m b e r a d fitt i ngs n .
( 0) Vac u m h a m b rs u c e .
( d ) Dr i p c ck s o .
( 6 ) A i r coc k s .
( f ) A i r i n let .
( g ) Pr i mi ng p i p s e .
( h ) Suct i n ntranc e
l
o e .
G Lu b r i cat rs
. d o i l cu p so an .
H P i p s iz s
. e e :
( ) S ct i n a d d i sc h arg e p i p s
a u o n e .
( b ) S m a l l p i p i ng .
I F o n d at i o n b l ts
. u o .
J F o un d at i n
. o .
11 . Pa i n tin g an d fin i sh i n g .
12 . F u r n i s h i ng s :
A . O il rs d tra y
e an .
B . T ls
oo .
0 . Pr ss r ga g e
e u e u .
D . G aug b o ar d s
e .
E . R vo lut i o n c o nt r
e u e .
356 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r M a c h i n e ry
F . R li f va lve
e e .
G . G at e va l v e .
H . C h ec k va l v e .
1 . C o nn e ct i ns o .
Er e ct i on .
Ma r k s
’
Fa ct o r y t e st s
A Ofa i r ch am be r
. .
B Of p u m p . .
T s t s f o a cc ep t a c
e r n e .
A A t e st f r s m t h n e ss f w o r ki ng
. o oo o .
B T e st f o r m a c hi n e f r i ct i n
. o .
C T e st o f t i g h tn ss a d str e ngt h
. e n .
D T st o f s li p
. e .
E T e st f o m ax i m u m w r ki ng p r e ss r
. r o u e an d de li v r y
e .
G a a n t ee
u r d i su a c e an n r n .
Ti m e of c o m p l e t i n o .
P a y m en t s .
2 37 . O u tli n e f o r Sp e ci fi c ati o n s f o r D u p l e x St e a m P um p .
E xt e n t of c o t r a ct
n .
C l a ss of p u m p s .
D esc r i p t i on of p um ps .
D r a wi n gs .
G e n er a l d e si g n .
S e r vi ce .
Ma t e r i a l .
C o n st r u t i o n c f pumps o .
A . C o nstruct i n f wat r en d o o e
( a ) Va l ve d s i gn e .
( b ) Va l v d i sc e .
( 0) Suc t i o n va l v e s .
( d ) D i sc h arg e va l v e s .
( 6 ) Va l v e s p r i ngs .
( f ) Va l ve s e ats .
( g ) Han d h o l e s .
( h ) Suct i n e ntranc e o .
( i ) A i r c h a m b e rs .
( j ) Vacuu m c h am b e rs .
( to) Dr i p co c k s .
( 2) A i r c o ck s .
( m ) Pr i m i ng p i p es .
B . C nstruct i on o f st e am e n d s
o .
( a ) St e a m p o rts .
( b ) St e a m va l v s e .
( c ) Cus hi o n va l v e s .
( d ) C l arance i n c yli n d rs
e e .
358 Sp e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r M a c h i n e ry
Fra m e w r k
B . o .
C G a ll e r i e s
. .
D St e a m c yli n d rs
. e .
E L ggi ng
. a .
F Th r o tt l e va l v
. e .
G St ea m s p arat o r
. e .
H C o n d ns r
. e e .
1 G o v e rn r
. o .
J Wat e r e n d
.
( a ) Wat e r w y a .
( b ) Va l ve s n d va l ve d i sc a .
( c ) P l ung e r a d p l ung r r o d n e .
K Ai r . d vacu m c h a m b e rs
an u .
L A i r c h a m b e r fitt i ngs
. .
M Dr i p co ck s
. :
N A i r cock
. .
0 Ai i n l t
. r e .
P Pr i m i ng p i p e s
. .
Q O il cu p s a n d l b r i cat rs
. u o .
R I n d i cat r a d c nn ct i ons
. o n o e
( ) I n d i cat rs a o .
( b ) R e d uc i ng m o t i o ns .
( c ) S p r i ngs .
( d ) Sca l s e .
( e ) P l an i m t e r e .
( f ) C nn ct i o n o e .
S F o un d at i n b l ts
. o o .
7 . F r i sh i g s
u n n
A O il e r a d tra y
. n .
B T o ol s
. .
C R e v l ut i n c o unt r
. o o e .
D Pr ss r gaug e s
. e u e :
( a ) Stan d ar d .
( b ) R c o r d i ng e
E G aug b ar d
. e o .
8 . G l w km
e n er a sh i p
or d m a t e ri l an an a
A F l ang s
. e .
B Nuts . .
0 P i p i ng
. .
D Pa i nt i ng a d fin i s hi ng
. n .
Fo un d a ti on .
E r e ct i o n .
Ma r k s .
Gua r an t ee an d i n su r a n ce .
T i m e of c o m p l e t i on .
Te s ts a n d ccep t ce
a an
A . I ns p ct i on d t i m a l lo we d
e an e f or t sts
e .
G e n e r a l Sp e c i fi Ca t i o n s 3 59
B . T sts f s m o t h n ss f w r ki ngs
e or o e o o .
D . D ut y t e sts .
15 . P a y m en t s .
2 39 . T h e Sp e c ifi c a t i o n s —
Af t e r t h e p r e p arati o n o f t h e o u tli n e
p r e v i o u sly d e sc rib e d t h e e n g i n e e r sh o u l d p r e p ar e w ith g r e at c ar e
,
h a s p r e vi o u s ly b e e n d i scu s s e d i n r e g ar d t o t h e w rit i n g o f s p e c i fi c a
ti o n s sh o ul d b e k e p t f ully i n m i n d a n d e v e ry th in g sh o u l d b e d o n e
,
ti o n o f t h e e n g i n e e r c an b e c o n fi n e d t o t h e p r e p arat i o n o f t h e s p e c
ifi c a t i o n i n car e f ully w o r d e d a n d e xact la n g ua g e w h i ch w ill a s s u r e
a cl e ar i nt e r p r e tati o n o f h i s r e qui r e m e n ts by t h e e li m i nati o n o f all
i n d e fi nit e i n d e t e r m i nat e a n d a m bi g u o u s lan g ua g e a n d i f all arb i
, ,
t r a r y u n f a ir a n d u n n e c e s sary r e qu i r e m e nt s a r e e li m i n at e d h e w i ll
, ,
b e r e as o nab ly as su r e d o f l o w a n d i nt e lli g e nt p r O p o sa l s T h e fo l .
l o w i n g stat e m e nt o f t h e r e qu i r e m e n t o f g e n e ra l s p e c i fi cat i o n s a n d
t h e e xa m p l e s g iv e n w i ll s ti ll f u rth e r illu strat e t h e m at t e r a n d ar
ra n g e m e nt su gg e s t e d .
2 4 0 G e n e ra l S e c i fi ca ti o n s f o r M ach in e r V Vh e n g e n e ral
p y
-
. .
S p e c i fi ca ti o n s f o r m a ch in e ry a r e t o b e i s su e d th e y sh o ul d i nclu d e
t h e f o ll o w i n g : ( Fo r e xa m p l e s u n d e r e ach h e a d i n g s e e s p e c i fi c a
ti o n s f o ll o w i n g f o r s t e a m e n g i n e s a n d b o il e r s ) .
I E x te n t o f Wo r k — In th i s s p e c i fi ca ti o n s h o u l d b e d e fi ne d in
.
A T h e f u rn i sh i n g o f t h e m ach i n e o r n u m b e r o f m ach in e s r e
.
,
qu i r e d ;
B T h e p o i n t o f d e liv e ry ;
.
,
C T h e p r e p arati o n o f f o u n d ati o n s a n d b y w h o m ;
.
,
D T h e e r e ct i o n a n d b y w h o m
.
,
E T h e v ari o u s f urni s h i n g s t o o ls fi tt in g s a n d e qu i p m e n t r e
.
, ,
q u i r e d w ith t h e m ach i n e .
2 .Ca pa ci t y —U n d e r th i s h e a d t h e c a p ac i ty o f t h e m ach i n e
,
sh o ul d b e s p e c i fi e d T h i s S p e ci fi cati o n sh o u l d d e fi n e t h e a m o un t
. ,
S e vi c e — U n d e r th i s h e a d sh o u l d b e i nc lu d e d t h e s p e c ifi c a
3 . r
an d i n pu m p s c o m p r e s s o rs o r e l e ctric al g e n e rat o rs t h e p r e s su re
, ,
a g a i n s t w h ich t h e m a ch in e ry i s t o O p e rat e .
4 T yp .e o f M a c h i n c r v — I n m any cla ss e s o f m a ch i n e ry s p e c i al ,
o f m a ch i n e sh o ul d b e m a d e by t h e e n g in e e r p r e p arin g t h e s p e c i fi c a
ti o n s w i th o u t n e c e s sa ri ly e nt e ri n g i n t o t h e d e tails o f c o n s t ru c ti o n
, .
W h e n t h e ty p e i s g iv e n t h e variat i o n i n t h e b i d s r e c e i v e d i s lar g e l y
,
l i m i t e d a n d t h e s e l e c ti o n o f m a ch i n e ry b e c o m e s m o r e lar g e ly a
, .
e re d .
F i h i — Th i s s e c i fi cati o n sh o ul d c o v e r a d e s cri ti o n o f
5 u r n
. s n g s p p
t h e a cc e s s o ri e s f u rn i sh i n g s a n d fi tt in g s w hi ch a r e t o b e su pp li e d
,
T h e e l a b o ra t i o n o f t h e s p e ci fi ca ti o n s f o r ty p e a n d d e s i g n i s t h e e s
s e n t i a l f e atu r e i n w h i ch t h e d e tai l e d s p e c i fi cat io n vari e s f r o m t h e
g e n e ral s p e ci fi cati o ns .
I n g e n e ral t h e d e si g n o f a ny m ach i n e sh o ul d b e
,
t h m ach i n e p r o p r ly d s i gn e d an d su i ta bl e f t h e us e s d s e rv i c r e q i r e d
”
e e e or an e u .
7 D r a w i d P l — Th i s S p e c i fi cati o n sh o u l d d e s c rib e t h e
. n g s a n a n s .
ca t al o g u e s o r p h o t o g ra p hs sh o w in g t h e m achin e ry un de r c o nsi de ra
ti o n i n sati s f act o ry de tail .
A s p e c i fi cat i o n r e qu i ri n g t h e f u rn i sh i n g o f d e tail w o rk i n g p la n s
i s n o t u s ually a d vi sab l e Mo s t r e s p o ns ib l e m a nu f actu r e rs ri g h tly
.
A T h e b o i l e r co m pl e te
. .
C Al l s t 0p a n d sa f e ty valv e s a n d c o n n e cti o n s
. .
D N i c ke l p lat e d e i g h t i nc h ( 8 di al g au g e a n d g au g e c o cks a n d
.
(
-
w a t e r c o lu m n .
E T h e s t e a m p i p e t o t h e e n g in e s su i tab ly c o v e r e d a n d p ro
.
,
t e ct e d .
F . Al l n e c e s sary fe e d an d bl o w -
o ff p i p e s , valv e s an d co n nec
t io n s .
G F i r e cl e an in g a n d o th e r t o o ls
.
,
.
H T rac k s cal e a n d h o t w at e r m e t e r
. .
I S tac k c o nn e c ti o n s
. .
2 .N u m b er R eq u i r e d — Th e r e sh all b e o n e ( I ) o n e h u n d r e d a n d
fi f ty ( 1 50) h o rs e p o w e r b o il e r .
3 .R a t i n g
— T h e h o r s e p o w e r o f t h e sai d b o il e r shall b e rat e d o n
an e va p o rati o n o f th i r ty ( 3 0) p o u n d s o f w a t e r p e r h o r s e p o w e r p e r
h o u r u n d e r s e v e n ty ( 70) p o u n d s o f s t e a m p r e s su r e w i th f e e d w at e r ,
at a t e m p e ratur e o f o n e h u n d r e d d e g r e e s F ah r o r t h e e qui v .
,
a l e n t t o s u ch c o n d i ti o n s T h e b o i l e rs shall b e d e s i g n e d t o su sta i n a
.
w o rk in g p r e s s u r e o f o n e h u n d r e d a n d fi f ty ( 1 5 0) p o u n d s .
T yp f B i l — T h e b o il e r shall b e a n i n e rnally fi r e d r e tu rn
4 . e o o e r .
t
tu bu lar b o i l e r w at e r tub e b o i l e r o r r e tu rn tubu la r b o il e r
, , .
5 D
. es c r i pt i o n a n d D r a wi n g
— D e tail e d d e s cri p ti o n a n d d ra w
i n g s t raci n g s o r p ri nt s shall b e f u rn i sh e d d e s c rib i n g a n d sh o w in g
, ,
6 F u r n a c e a n d S e t t i n g — T h e f u rnac e sh al l b e fi r st clas s i n e v e r y
.
p o s e d t o t h e d i r e ct fl a m e s sh al l b e li n e d w ith t h e b e st quali ty o f fi r e
S p e c i fi c a t io n s fo r B o i le r 3 63
b ri ck , se t by e i g h t i n ch f ac e t o t h e fi r e a n d sai d b ri ck sh all
w i th t w o ,
b e s e t i n t e m p e r e d fi r e c lay B o il e r m u s t b e s o d e s i g n e d a n d ar
.
b o il e r shall b e s e t i n a su i tabl e ai r ti g h t b ri ck s e t ti n g a n d al l e x -
F t — B o il e r f r o n t shall b e o f a n e at a n d arti s ti c d e s i g n a p
7 .r o n
r o v e d by t h e e n gi n e e r A l l j o i nt s s e at s a n d f ac e s sh al l b e fi tt e d
p .
,
cl o s e l y a n d n e atly .
e lu d e al l p i p e b e t w e e n t h e b o i l e r a n d t h e f e e d p u m p a n d b e t w e e n
t h e b o il e r a n d e n g i n e s : Sa i d p i p in g sh al l b e so arran g e d th at th i s
b o il e r m a y b e u s e d i n d e p e n d e n tly o r i n c o n n e cti o n w ith t h e b o i l e r s
alr e a d y in u s e a n d i n su ch man n e r that i t s u s e ca n b e d i s c o nt i nu e d
,
a t an y ti m e a n d t h e o th e r b o i l e rs u s e d t o o p e rat e a ny e n gi n e S a i d .
n esia .
F n i s h i n g s — Th e r e sh all b e f u r ni sh e d a n d i n stall e d w i th
9 .u r .
c o al u s e d i n t h e b o i l e rs Th e r e shall al s o b e i ns tall e d o n t h e f e e d
.
w a t e r p i p e o n e h o t w a t e r m e t e r s o arran g e d a s t o m e asu r e t h e
,
a m o u n t O f w at e r f e d t o t h e b o i l e r a n d al s o arran g e d so th at i t m a y
b e r e a d ily t e s t e d at a ny ti m e .
1 0 I n s pe c t i o n an d I n s u r a n c e — T h e b o i l e r shall b e i n s p e c t e d a n d
.
t o t h e p a rty o f t h e fi r st p art f o r a p e ri o d O f o n e y e ar a n d a r e c e i p t e d
, ,
1 1 E ffici e n cy o f B o i le r — T h e b o il e r sh all g iv e t h e e ffi c i e n cy g ua r
. .
ba s e d o u t h e e va p o rat i o n O f w at e r i nt o d r y s t e a m p e r p o u n d O f c o m
-
b u s t i b l e f r o m a n d at 2 1 2 d e g F ah r t e m p e ra tu r e w h e n b u rni n g an
. .
,
i ty o f su ch ki n d o f c o al a s m a y b e s p e ci fi e d a n d f u r ni sh e d by t h e
64 S p e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r M a c h i n e ry
t w e n ty fo u r ( 2 4 ) h o u rs m ay b e m a d e a n d w h il e ru nni n g t h e m a
-
,
ch i n e ry o r o th e r w i s e a s t h e e n g i n e e r m a y e l e c t S a i d t e s t sh all b e
, .
m a d e i n c o n f o r m i ty w i th t h e r e vi s e d c o d e O f t h e Am e ri ca n So ci e ty
o f M e ch an i cal E n g i n e e rs .
1 2. G u ar a n t e e — T h e c o nt ra ct o r g ua ran t e e s t h e d e s i g n a n d w o rk
m an sh i p t o b e a s d e s c rib e d a n d S p e ci fi e d i n th e s e s p e ci fi cat i o n s a n d
i n t h e s p e c i fi ca ti o n s f u rn i sh e d b y h i m a n d a cc o m p any i n g h i s b i d
f o r t h e w o rk i n qu e s ti o n . H e f u rth e r g uara nt e e s al l w o rk a n d m a
t e r i a l i n sai d b o il e rs t o b e o f t h e b e s t qu al i ty a n d fi r s t cl as s i n e v e ry
-
s ix ( 6 ) m o nth s th e r e a f t e r g i v e o u t o n acc o u n t O f b e i n g d e f e c t i ve i n
w o rk m a nsh i p o r m a t e ri al .
1 4 P ay n i e n t s — O n e —
. . th i r d o f t h e c o n trac t p ri c e f o r sai d b o il e r
sh al l b e d u e a n d p ayabl e w h e n t h e b o il e r i s r e c e i v e d i n a p p ar e nt
g o o d o r d e r at O n e th i r d a d d iti o n al sh all b e d u e a n d p a y
-
abl e a f t e r t h e b o i l e r h a s b e e n su c c e s sf u l l v t e st e d i n acc o r d a nc e w i th
th o s e S p e ci fi ca ti o n s .
2 42 . Sp e c ifi c a t i o n s f o r F u r ni sh i n g a St e am E n gi n e .
1
. E x t en t o f C o n tr a c t — Th i s c o n tract i ncl u d e s t h e f u rn i sh in g
a n d e r e ct in g a st e a m e n g i n e a n d a pp u rt e nan c e s f o r fo r
u s e i n o e ra ti n g a t ri p l e x p o w e r p u m p al s o t h e vari o u s a pp u r t e
p ,
n anc e s a n d a cc e s s o ri e s d e s c ri b e d a n d s p e ci fi e d h e r e in all t o b e i n
,
,
an d
w h ich a r e h e r e by m a d e a p art h e r e o f .
2
. P la n t R e q u ir e d — Th e r e sh all b e f u rn i sh e d o n e ( I ) s t e a m e n
g i n e o f a ca p ac ity o f n i n e ty ( 90) ac tu al h o rs e p o w e r .
3
. S er v i c e — T h e e n g in e sh all b e ca p abl e o f f u rni sh i n g t h e actual
h o rs e p o w e r ab o v e s p e ci fi e d a n d sh all b e so ra t e d a t n i n e ty ( 90) lb s .
s t e a m p r e s su r e T h e e n g i n e sh al l b e d e si g n e d t o s tan d a w o rkin g
.
p r e s s u r e O f o n e h u n d r e d a n d t e n ( 1 1 0) lb s a n d S h all b e ca p abl e o f
.
O p e ra ti o n at f u ll S p e e d w ith o ut S h o ck o r j a r .
4
. S t e a m C o n s u m p t i o n — Th i s e n g i n e w ill O p e rat e fo r d o m e sti c
se rvic e at ab o ut f o rty ( 4 0) actual h o rs e p o we r a n d m u st b e de si g n e d
3 66 S p e c i fi ca t i o n s f o r M a c hi n e ry
i nch sta n d ar d t h r e a d th r e e w a y c o c k a t ab o u t t h e c e nt e r O f t h e
-
cy li n d e r .
a r a t o r o f sat i s f ac t o ry d e s i g n a n d o f su ffi c i e n t s i z e t o p r o t e c t t h e e n
p r o v e d m ak e t o b e f u rni sh e d by t h e p arty o f t h e s e c o n d p a rt .
n er .
P i pes —A S t e a m P ipes — Al l s t e a m p i p e s a n d O p e ni n g s
1 2 . . .
shall b e o f a m p l e s i z e t o p r e v e n t u n d u e f ri cti o n a n d l o s s o f p r e ss u r e .
T h e st e a m p i p i n g w i thi n t h e e n g i n e r o o m S h all b e f u rn i sh e d a n d
t i o n a l c o v e ri n g i n a s ati s f a ct o ry m a nn e r .
B D r ai n P i pe s — Al l d ra i n p i p e s sh all b e O f b ra s s p r o p e rly a n d
.
,
n e a tly fi tt e d a n d s o c o n n e ct e d a s t o c o n d u c t t h e d ri p i n t o t h e s e w e r .
w ill b e f u rn i sh e d by t h e p a rty O f t h e fi rs t p a rt .
'
fl an ge c o n n e c ti o n s a n d o f a p p r o v e d d e si g n a n d m anu f actu r e shall
b e f u rn i sh e d w ith t h e e n g in e a n d attach e d t o t h e st e a m su p p ly p i p e
t o t h e e n gi n e .
o n e p i n t s i g h t f e e d lub ri ca t o r w i th c o nn e cti o n s O f a pp r o v e d p a t
-
th o r o u g h lub ricati o n .
e ssa ry w r e n ch e s a n d t o o l s n e e d e d f o r t h e p r o p e r o p e rati o n i n sp e c ,
ti o n a n d o r d in ary r e p ai rs o f s ai d m ach i n e ry Al l t o o l s t o b e o f t h e
.
b e st w o rk m an sh i p a n d m a t e rial a n d sa ti s f a ct o ry t o t h e e n g in e e r .
D F o u n d a t i o n B o l t s — Th e r e S h all al s o b e f u rn i sh e d t h e n e c e s
.
sary f o u n d ati o n b o lt s t o b e o f a pp r o v e d nu m b e r s i z e a n d l e n g th
, , .
S p e c i fic a t io n s fo r S t e a m En gin e 367
5 1 . E r e c ti o n —T h c ntract r shall r c t
e o o n g i n e
e on e t h e the e
fo u n da t i o n p r o vi d e d a n d S ha ll c o n n e ct t h e sa m e w ith all a pp u r
,
g in e t o t h e m a i n s t e a m p i p e a n d t h e e qui p m e n t o f sai d e n g i n e f o r
,
sai d e n g i n e d u ri n g t h e t e st a n d t o g iv e instru c ti o n s t o t h e e n g i n e e r
o f t h e p a rty O f t h e fi rs t p art .
e r s n a m e a n d t h e p ri nci p al d i m e ns i o n o f t h e cy li n d e r a n d l e n g th o f
’
s tr o k e ; t h e p la t e s c o n tai n i n g s ai d d ata t o b e o f n e a t a n d a rt i st i c d e
si gn .
1 7 T es t s — T h e t e s t f o r e fli c i e n c y w i ll b e m a d e f o r a p e ri o d o f
. .
t e n ( 1 0) h o u rs I n t h e p e r f o r m an c e o f sa i d d u ty t h e s t e a m p r e s su r e
.
l b s p e r s quar e i n ch
. NO d e d u cti o n s o f a ny kin d w hat e v e r o th e r
.
,
o r e ffi ci e n c y T h e f ai lu r e O f t h e p lan t t o p e r f o r m i t s d uty d u ri n g
.
su ch t e st w il l cau s e t h e r e j e ct i o n o f t h e e n g i n e s u nl e s s t h e c o ntract o r
shal l m ak e su ch alt e rati o n s i n sai d m ach i n e ry a s shall b e n e c e s sa ry
w at e r u s e d a n d o n t h e ba si s o f d r y s t e a m T h e e xh au s t o f t h e
‘
lan t w il l b e d e l iv e r e d int o a f e e d w a t e r h e a t e r th r o u g h w hi ch t h e
p
f e e d w at e r w ill b e f o rc e d T h e f e e d w at e r w il l b e tak e n f r o m t h e
.
r e s e rv o i r T h e t e s t s sh all b e m a d e b y a n d u n d e r t h e d i r e ct i o n o f
.
t h e c o n sulti n g e n g i n e e r .
1 8 G u ar a n t e e
.
— T h e c o ntract o r g uarant e e s t h e d e si g n a n d w o rk
.
m an sh i p t o b e as d e sc rib e d a n d s p e c i fi e d i n th e s e S p e ci fi ca ti o n s a n d ,
in t h e s p e c i fi ca ti o n f u rn i sh e d by h i m a n d ac c e p t e d b y t h e p arty o f
t h e fi rs t p art f o r t h e w o rk i n qu e s ti o n H e f u rth e r g uara nt e e s all
.
19 Ti m e — T h e c o nt ract o r f u r t h e r a g r e e s t o h av e t h e p lan t c o m
.
'
p l e t e a n d e r e ct e d o n f o u n d at i o n s by t h e da y o f
1 9 .
subj e ct t o t h e g e n e ral c o n d iti o n s i n r e g ar d t o ti m e a n d c o m
p l e t i o n s e t f o rth i n t h e g e n e ral f o r m o f c o ntract .
3 68 S p e c i fi c a t io n s f o r M a c h in e ry
2 P ay m e n ts — NO p ay m e nt s sh all b e m a d e u n ti l t h e p lant is
0
.
e r e c t e d t e s t e d a n d ac c e p t e d a n d i f t h e e n g i n e sh all n o t p r o v e i n t h e
, ,
p la nt f o r a p e ri o d o f ti m e s u ffi ci e n t t o all o w th e m t o p u rcha s e a n d
e r e ct a n o th e r p la n t o f s ati s f act o ry d e s i g n a n d t h e u s e o f su ch r e
,
j e c t e d p lant u n d e r t h e c o n d i ti o n s ab o v e n a m e d sh all b e w i th o u t e x
p e ns e t o sai d p arty o f t h e fi rst p a rt o th e r w i s e th a n t h e c o s t o f O p e r
at in g t h e sa m e .
2 43 Se l e c t i o n o f M ach i n e r y — In t h e s e l e c ti o n o f m ach i n e r y
.
p ,
v e l o p m en t a pp e ar e d so si m p l e that t h e l o w e r b id w a s acc e p t e d a n d t h e ,
by i m p r o p e r d e si g n T h e o u t pu t o f t h e f act o ry wa s d e cr e as e d f o r t h e
.
2 44 . Th e I nv t i g at i n —P
es o s r io r
‘
a ny p lant o r
t o t h e de sign of .
o n t h e p art o f t h e o w n e r o r o f t h e m ana g em e nt o f t h e c o m p an y wh o
p r o p o s e s t o c o nstruct t h e w o rk T h e c o st Of th o r o u g h p r e li m
. i nary i n
i s unn e c e s sary Wh e n t h e e n .
in r e d ucin g t h e p rice s b i d f o r t h e wo rk T h e e n g in e e r th e r e f o r e.
, ,
n e ce ssary fo r bo th p ur po s e s Th e l o w bi d s r e c e iv e d o n al m o st e v e ry
.
p r o s p e ctiv e bi dd e rs i s p r o o f o f t h e savin g e ff e ct e d in t h e c o st o f t h e
c o nv e rs e i s als o tru e
U n sa t i s f ac t o ry P r ac ti ce —It i s u n f o rt u nat e ly c o m m o n
.
2 45 .
su m t o c o m p e nsat e h im f o r t h e u nc e rtainti e s a n d t h e un f ai r tr e at m e nt
C ntract rs bi d d i ng
o o th wo r k
on e i nv i t d at t h i r o w co st a d x
are e , e n n e
p ns
e e, t o p t d o wn t st h l s
u e o eb r i ngs t d t rm i n th natur f t h s o il
or o ,
o e e e e e o e
1 Se e Eng N e ws
. Su p .
, Vol . 50, p age 29 .
3 72 Sp e c i fic a t io n s fo r E n gin e e r i n g W o r k
and u n d r l y i ng f o r m at i n
e d v r y f ac ili t y w ill b g i ven by t h c m p an y
o , an e e e e o
t o t h e c o ntract o rs f o t h t p ur p o s e
”
r a .
“
I t m s t b p art i cu l ar ly n d rst o o d t h at t h bi dd i ng o t hi s wo r k will
u e u e e n
m ust p e rs o n lly xa m i n t h a g e o l g i ca l f r m at i on ; an d n o c l a i m u p n t h
e e e o o o e
c m p an y m ay h e r ea f t e r b e m a d e
o acco unt f m i s i n f o r m at i n stat e d t
on o o o
h ave b e n g i ve n by an y e m p l o y e e o f t h e C o m p an y o B o ard
e r .
”
c a si o n e d by t h e n e c e ssity f o r e nlar g in g t h e w e ll a n d e a si n
g o ff t h e
cavin g m at e rial in o r de r that g r e at e r depths m ay b e r e ach e d w ith t h e
d e sir e d w e ll s e cti o n It w ill us u ally p ro ve e c o n o m ical f o r t h e o wn e r
.
t h e e x p e ns e i s actually incurr e d .
2 48 I nv e s t i g at i o n s f o r Se w e r s — In i nv e st i g ati o n s f o r s e w e rs
.
sh o ul d n o t b e at t h e ri sk o f t h e c o nt ract o r so f a r as a m o unts a r e co n ‘
b e m o r e than r e turn e d by t h e l o we r c o st .
an y d i ff r nc e f r m t h s n d i ngs f n d t o xi st w h e n t h s w r i s b u il t
e e o e ou ou e e e e .
”
4 Eng N . ew s Su p .
, Vol . 50, p . 305 .
B a si s o f D e si gn s 375
T h e B a s is o f D e s i g n s —In e v e r y t e ch ni cal e n d e av o r t h e
.
2 49 .
b o th fi rst c o st a n d u pk e e p .
2 5 0 D e si g n — T o p r o
. .
p e rly d e s i g n an y stru ctu r e o r p lan t t h e
d e si g n e r m ust b e f a m iliar w ith t h e m eth o d s w hich m u st b e us e d in
c o nstructi o n in o r de r that t h e c o nstructi o n shall b e p racticabl e a n d can .
b e e c o n o m ically p e r f o r m e d T h e d e si g n a n d t h e c o ns e qu e nt sp e c ifi
.
be st r e sults .
F i rs t : By d rillin g h o l e s .
S e c o n d : B y t h e c o st o f p o w d e r a n d lab o r r e qui r e d t o br e ak r o ck
t o s m all si z e f o r l o a d in g .
p e ns e t o all c o nc e rn e d a n d t h e c o st o f a r e as o nabl e a m o u nt o f br e ak
,
o f d e si g ns a n d s p e ci fi cati o ns .
e sti m at e d c o st a p r o j e ct w hich m a
, y hav e s ee m e d fi nancially attractiv e
a l mo st t w e nty fi ve p e r c e nt o r ab o ut
-
.
, on a e sti
m at e d c o st .
In a r e c e nt w at e r p o w e r d e v e l o p m e nt w hich wa s un d e r a d vi s e
m e nt f o r a nu m b e r o f y e ars a n d w hich w a s p e rha p s as th o r o u g hly
,
m a de t h e o ri g inal e sti m at e d c o st w a s
, a n d t h e actual c o st o f
t h e c o m p l e t e d e v e l o p m e nt ab o ut
s e e m s attractiv e o n t h e basis o f a i nv e st m e nt m a y b e s e ri
o u sl y han d ica pp e d by an e x p e ns e o f unl e ss th e r e i s a p r o s
p e c t o f e xtr ao r d inary r e t u rns o n t h e basi s o f t h e o ri g inal e sti m at e d
c o st
.
'
T h e un e x p e ct e d e xtra c o sts o f such d e v e l o p m e nts d u e t o u n f o r e
,
caus e d a l o ss o f a pp r o xi m at e ly t o t h e w o rk un d e r c o nstru e
ti o n but w a s f o ll o w e d b v c o nti nu o us a n d unu suall y hi g h w at e r f o r t h e
,
3 80 S p e c i fic a t i o n s f o r En g i n e e ri n g W o r k
car e .
a r e a r e al p art o f t h e c o st o f t h e wo rk a n d j u st as m u ch a p art as t h e
t h e c o st fig ur e s a r e n o t a m att e r f o r c o n g ratula ti o n a n d a re s e l d o m
la r g e t h an in t h e s m all city T h e c o ns e qu e nt c o st o f do in g w o rk i s
.
so in r e g ar d t o subsur f ac e w o rk .
b e su ffi c i e n t t o a ff o r d a g e n e ral kn o w l e d g e o f t h e w o rk o r p o rti o n
o f t h e w o rk u n d e r d i scu s s i o n T h e d e ta il s p e ci fi cati o n s sh o u l d b e
.
e xhau sti ve .
e l e m e nt s .
e x p e ri e n c e a n d kn o w l e d g e i n th e i r
p r e p a rat i o n .
th e s e stru c tu r e s a r e e v e n m o r e c o m p li c at e d a n d c o n ta i n a g r e at e r
a m o u n t o f d e tai l than t h e su bj e c t s h e r e t o f o r e d i s cu ss e d su ch a n o u t ,
li n e b e c o m e s e v e n m o r e i m p o rtan t i n o r de r th at t h e s p e c i fi cati o n s
w h e n p r e p ar e d shall inclu d e all n e c e ssary r e qui r e m e nts Th e o utlin e s
.
2 55 As s i g nm e n t s f o r P re p a ri n g O u tli n e s a n d Sp e ci fi cati o n s
.
s u ffi c i e n t d e t a il so th a t t h e r e qu i r e m e n t s ca n b e cl e arly d i s ti n
i h e d F o r s tu d e n t p racti c e t h e p lans s e l e ct e d sh o ul d b e fo r s i m
g u s .
c o m p r e h e n s i o n a n d ability tha t th e y s i m p ly r e su lt i n t h e u n i n t e l l i
g e nt c o p y i n g o f o th e r s p e c i fi cati o n s a n d li ttl e c o n s e qu e nt b e n e fi t t o
t h e s tu d e n t .
Fo r p u r p o s e s o f a ssi g n m e n t a nu m b e r o f d ra w i n g s o f s i m p l e
,
structur e s a r e g iv e n i n t h e App e n d ix C A f e w o f th e s e d ra w in g s a r e
'
B e s i d e s t h e d ra w in g s o f s i m p l e w o rk s g iv e n i n t h e Ap p e n d ix ,
t o ry ba s i s f o r t h e w ri ti n g o f s p e ci fi cati o ns .
2 56 P l an s f r o m w h ic h Sp e c i fi cati o n s m ay b e P r e p a r e d
. .
Pag e
A Su p r struc t r e f a T urn T a bl
e u or Eng R V l 71
e 2 90 . ec .
, o .
,
B u l kh e a d t o Pr t e ct P i nts o N e w J e rs y So Sh or on 71 5 47
e ea e ,
Le a d s f o Dr illi ng Out fi t
r . . 71 72 5 ,
Stan d ar d G at H us f o 3 6 Va lv o St l P i p
e o e r e n ee e
Ra il r o a d Car B u m p e r
F i f t ee n T o n G u y ed D e rr i c k
S m a ll R e i n f o rc e d Arc h B r i d g e
R i v r Wa ll at Dav np o rt I wa
e e , o
R i n f o rc d C o ncr t G arag
e e e e e
Aut m at i c R e ve rs i ng H i st
o o
C o ncr e t e P i r C l v l an d O hi o
e , e e ,
M o no li t hi c C ncr t S we r a d T r st l e
o e e e n e Eng N ew s
Ove r h ang i ng P il e Dr i ve r
T i m b e r B u lkh a d t Re ta i n Fill
e o
Pu m p H us f o G r p f W e ll s
o e r ou o
S no w S h d e
P lat e G i r d r Ra il r o a d B r i d ge
e
H o ll w C ncr t D m
o o e e a
C o ncr e t e La m p P o st
St on e F ill Ti m b r Cr ib B u lkh a d e e
A PP E N D I X A
I . E xt en t c o t a ct :
of n r
G e n e ra l d e scr i p t i o n of wo rk an d m at r i a l
e to b e f urn i s h ed u nd e r
t h e c o ntract .
II . E st i m a t e o f q u a n t i t i es
Ap p r ox i m at o exact quant i t i s a d ki nd s
e r e n of wo rk an d m at e r i a l .
III . P l a s d D r wi g s
n an a n .
IV . E g i e r i g wo k l i es g a d e s e t c
n n e n r -
n ,
r ,
.
V . Sp e ci l wo rk a .
VI . Ma t r i l e a s:
A Furn i s h d by t h
. wn r d e li v r d w h e r e
e e o e e e .
B If f urn i s h e d by t h e c o ntract o r :
.
1 ( a ) C m nt . e e .
( b ) San d .
( 0) G r av l e .
Wat e r .
2 St e e l r i n f o rc i ng
. . e .
3 St e l structura l . e ,
.
4 B r i ck .
( a ) C o mm o n .
( b ) Fac ext e r i o r e .
( 0) Fac e i nt r i o r e .
G l a z e d o d e c o rat i o n r .
5 Ru bbl e st o n e . .
6 C t st o n . u e
Dr ss ed e .
P o li s h e d .
7 Til e : .
( ) Wa ll a .
( b ) Ro of .
( 0) F l o r o .
( d ) C o p i ng .
( 6 ) D c o rat i v e e .
8 Lu m b e r : .
R ough .
( b ) D i m ns i on e .
( 0) F i n i s hi ng .
9 P ili ng .
( a ) B e ar i ng .
S h ee t .
1 0 P l a st e r . .
3 86 A p p e n di x A
I . Gro u t i ng .
J . M as o n w r k o .
K . Pr o t ct i o n o f exi s t i ng p r o p e rt y
e
'
1 R e s p o ns i b ili t y f o
. i n j ur y t o r .
L . B a ck fi l l i n g
T a m p i ng
1 . .
2 Pu d d li ng . .
I X Fl oo s a d cei li gs
. r n n .
A C o ncr e te
.
1 P la i n . .
2 R i n f o rc e d
. e .
B Til e . .
0 Structura l ste e l wo r k
D Lu m b e r—car p e nt e r wo r k
.
.
.
.
E O p n i ngs
. e .
F C o l um ns
. :
1 Co v e r i ng . .
G G i r d e rs
.
1 C o ve r i ng . .
H F i n i s hi ng :
.
1 C o ncr e t e sur f ac
. e .
2 F i n i s hi ng n d p a i nt i ng
. a .
3 G ran i t o i d . .
Til e .
P o li s h e d st o n e .
Wo o d a n d fin i s h .
7 Ot h e r sur f ac s
. e .
I P l ast e r i ng
. nd e r s i d e o o t h r fin i s h
u r e .
X Wa l ls
.
A Outs i d e wa ll s
.
1 C o ncr e t e . .
2 B r i c k wo r k.
a C om m o n b r i c k .
a S l e ct d b r i c k b e ar i ng b r i c k e t c
l
e e , , .
a B o nd i ng .
a J o i nt i ng 3
.
a M o rtar 4
.
b Face b r i ck
b B o n d i ng
l
St rai gh t wa ll .
Ar oun d o p n i ngs e .
T r i m m i ngs a d b e l t co urs s n e .
b Jo i nt i ng 2
.
b M o rtar 3
.
O u t li n e S p e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r a B u i ldi n g 3 87
3 Stucco— uts i d e p la st e r i ng
. o .
4 Struct u ra l s t e e l
. .
5 T e rra c tt
. d t ston e o a an cu .
6 Lu m b e r
. .
7 O p e n i ngs
.
( 0) W i n d o w .
( b ) Door .
( c ) S p eci al .
8 Cutt i ng a d p atc hi ng
. n .
9 C l an i ng a n d p a i nt i ng
. e .
1 0 Lat hi ng f rr i ng a n d p l a s t e r i ng
t. , u .
Part i t i o n an d i nt r i r wa ll s e o :
1 Til e
. .
2 M ta l l at h a d p l a st e r
. e n .
3 Co ncr e t e
. .
4 W o o d l at h an d p l ast r
. e .
5 B r i ck
. .
6 Fac e b ri c k — I nt e r i o r d e c o rat i n b r i c k
. o .
7 St o n e
. .
8 Com p os i t i n
. o .
Wi n d o ws
A . Sas h .
B . Fra m e .
0 . T rim .
D . G l a zi ng .
E, O p rat i ng s e rv i ce s
e .
F . Har d ware
1 Lo c k s
. .
2 H i ng e s
. .
3 W e i g h ts a d r o ll e rs
. n .
G . Si l l s .
H . L i nt e l s .
D o or s
A Doo r
. .
B Fr am e
. .
0 Trim
. .
D G l a zi ng
. .
E Har d w ar e
.
1 L o ck s . .
2 H i nge s. .
3 . B oi l e rs .
T rack
4 . .
5 C h ec k s
. .
F Th r esh o l d
. .
3 88 A p p e n d ix
X III . R o of
A C o ncr e te
. .
B Til e . .
0 C m p os i t i on
. o .
D S hi ng l e
. .
E Ti n o i r o n
. r .
F Structura l st e l
.
e .
G Ti m b e r
. .
H S kyli g h ts
.
.
I V nt il at o rs
. e .
J A i r s h a f ts
. .
K Dra i ns .
1 G utt rs . e .
2 D wns p outs . o .
L F l as hi ng
. :
1 O p e n i ngs . .
2 C hi m n e y .
.
3 V nt il at o r . e .
4 P i p e o ut l e ts
.
XIV . S t a i r wa y s
A . I r o n o st e l r e .
B . C o ncr t e e .
0 . St o n e .
D . W d oo .
R a i l i n gs
A . I r on .
B . Wo o d .
P l a tf o r m s
A . I r on .
B . C o ncr e t e .
Woo d .
XV I I . F i n i sh i n g
A . Carp nte r w r k
e o .
B . P l ast r i ng e .
0 . Outs i d e p a i nt i ng
1 Mi x i ng p a i nts
. .
2 St o p p i ng fi lli ng a n d p utt yi ng
.
, .
3 Sta i n i ng
. .
D . I nt e r i o r fin i s hi ng
1 Pa i nt i ng
.
( ) M ix i ng p a i nt s
a .
( b ) F illi ng st o p p i ng p utt yi ng
5
, , .
( c ) Sta i n i ng .
( d ) Varn i s hi ng .
( e ) D c rat i ng e o .
390 A p p e n dix
I . P l ac i ng co ncr e t e .
J . Stack .
6 . Roof
A Ge n ra l
. e .
B B il r r o m
. o e o .
0 Engi n e r o o m
. .
D La yi ng t il e
. .
E Til e . .
F G tt r a n d d o wn s p o ut s
. u e .
G e n ra l w o r k
e .
Car p e nt r w o r k
e .
A F l o r o f t h e ng i n e r o o m
. o e .
( a ) J o i sts .
( b ) Fl or o .
( 0) Sta i r wa y .
B C ili ng o f e ng i n e r o o m
. e .
( a ) C ili ng j o i sts e .
( b ) C e ili ng .
0 Ro f . o .
( ) T russ s a e .
( b ) Ra f t rs e .
( c ) R o o fing .
G utt e r s .
D I ns i d wo r k
. e .
( a ) D o o rs .
( b ) W i n d ows .
( 0) T r i m m i ngs .
( d ) Wa i nsco tt i ng .
( 6 ) F i n i s hi ng .
( f ) Lu m b e r .
( g ) B r i d g i ng .
9 . Pa i nt i ng .
A Pa i nt . .
C l an i ng b u il d i ng
e .
Pa y m e nts .
3 O u t l i n e Spe c i fi c a t i o n s f o r B r i d g e Su b s tru c tu r e
. .
P l ans a n d d ra wi ngs .
G ra d i ng em b an k m nts
, d r oa d way s e an .
F un d at i o ns
o .
A Excavat i n— D p t h a d s iz e
. o e n .
B S h e t p ili ng c ff e r d m o ca i ss o n
. e , o a r .
C P m p i ng a d d ra i n i ng
. u n .
O u t li n e S p e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r S t r u c t u ra l W
or k 39 l
D . Mas o nr y f o o t i ngs .
C o ncr t e e .
E . P il s e .
( a ) S iz e .
( b ) Dr i v i ng .
( 0) Sawi ng .
F . G r ill ag e .
( a ) Mat e r i a l .
( b ) Dr i f t P i n s .
G . R i p ra p .
5 . Mat e r i a l s .
St ne o grav l
A . o r e .
B C em nt . e .
0 San d . .
D M o rtar . .
E C o ncr e t . e .
6 Mas o nr y
. .
s C lass .
F oo t i ng st n
e
c o e .
n Str e tc h e rs .
e H a d rs e e .
s B ac ki ng .
s B n d i ng o .
e La yi ng .
( a ) J o i nts .
( b ) B e d d i ng .
( c ) I n f r e zi ng w a t h e r
’
e e .
H Cutt i ng . .
( a ) Fac e.
( b ) J o i nts .
( c ) D ra f t b tt r li n e a d c o rn e rs , a e n .
I C o p i ng . .
J P d e sta l s. e .
K C t wat e r . u .
L B r i d g e s e at s
. .
M P o i nt i ng . .
7 C o nstruct i n p l ant
. o .
4 O ut l i ne o f Sp e c i fi cati o n B r i d ge s St ru c tu ral
'
W o rk .
( On ly g e n ra l p l ans f rn i s h e d ) e u
1 G en e ra l d scr i p t i n
. e o .
G n ra l d ata e e .
C l ass i ficat i n o .
D e scr i p t i o n .
Mat e r i a l .
He a d r o m o .
39 2 A p p e n di x A
R o a d wa y .
F o o t wa lk s .
Han d ra il s .
Str ess i n t i m b e rs .
St e l b ea m s
e .
Fl o o r g i r d e r .
Str i nge rs .
B rac k e t p l at e s .
B r a c i ng .
Le n g t h o f s p an
L o ad—d ead an d li v an d wi n d
.
2 . e .
3 . Pro p o rt i o n o f p lat e .
4 . D e ta il s o f c o nstruct i o n a d wo r k m ans hi p n .
5 . Qual i t i e s o f m at e r i a l .
6 . I nsp ect i o n .
7 . Pai nt i ng .
8 . Er e ct i on .
9 . Acce p t ance .
5 O u t li n e o f Sp e c i fi ca t i o n f o r B r id g e o r
. Roo f T r u ss .
( D e t a il ed p l an f urn i s h ed ) .
1 . Descr ip t i o n o f wo r k .
2 . P l ans .
3 . Qua li t y o f m at e r i a l .
Cl ass .
Wr o ug h t i r o n .
Stee l .
Cast i r o n .
P h o sp h o r b ro nz e .
Purp o s e .
R i vets .
P i ns .
Punc hi ng .
P l ate s .
S h ap e s .
E y e b ars .
W o r k m an shi p .
D e t a il s o f c onstruct i o n .
E y e b ar s .
T e ns i o n m em b e rs .
P i n h ol e s .
~
Ti e s a d c ount e r s
n .
T urn b uckl es .
P i ns .
W eb p l at e s .
R i ve ts .
S p li ce p l at es .
F l o r i ng a d wh e l guar d
o n e .
394 A p p e n di x A
A p p urt enance s
A R i s i ng p i p e
. .
B Exp ans i o n j o i nt
. .
0 Fr o st p i p e
. .
D B as e. .
E Aut m at i c va l v e
. o .
F Ov e r fl w p i p e
. o .
G L a d d e r o sta i r wa y
. r .
H C o rn i c e
. .
1 R oo f
. .
J T ra p d o o r
. .
K F i n i s hi ng
.
( a ) C l e an i ng .
( b ) R i ve t e d d i nacce ss ibl e wo r k an .
( 0) S h o p co at .
F i na l wo r k .
( 6 ) Pa i nt .
( f ) I ns p e ct i o n .
( 9 ) A p p li cat i o n .
L T e st i ng
. .
1 1 Pa y m e nts
. .
7 O u tli n e o f Sp e c i fi cat i o n s f o r la yi n g C as t I r o n W a t e r P i p e
.
,
I n c l u d i n g Se t t i n g o f Sp ec i a l C a s ti n g s H y d r a n t s V a lv e s e t c , , , .
1 D e scr i p t i n f w o r k a d m at r i a l t o b
. o o f urn i s h d un d e r t h e co ntract
n e e e .
ts A p p r o x i m at e q uant i t i e s d ki n d s o f wo r k t o b e d o n e un d e r t h c o ntract
an e .
n P l an s p r o fi l s a n d d ra w i ngs
, e .
e En g i n e r i ng w r k li n e s gra d e s e t c
e o , , , .
c
s S p c i a l wo r k
e .
a Mat e r i a l s : Furn i s h d by wh o m e
A W h r d e li v e r d t o c ntract o r
. e e e o .
B D i str ib ut i o n
. .
0 D el a y s i n r e ce i p t o f
. .
D B r a k ag e
. e d i ns p e ct i o n an .
E R e p o rt
. f nu m b r s iz e o d b r e a k ag e e , an .
F R s p ns ibili t y
. e o .
7 Excavat i n a d tr nc hi ng
. o n e
A L i ne
. .
B S iz
. o f tr nc h
e e
Dep th .
( b ) Wi dth .
0 G ra d
. e .
D D i s po sa l o f m at r i a l
. e .
E R e m v i ng i m p r v d str e e t sur f ac s
. o o e e .
F Mat r i a l
. e
( ) Eart h a .
( b ) R o ck .
O u t l i n e Sp e c i fi c a t io n s f o r W a t e r Ma in s 39 5
H B ll h l s
. e o e .
I B r c i ng
. d s h r i ng
a an o .
J Pr o t e ct i n f b u il d i ngs
. o o .
K D ra i n i ng b a ili ng a n d p m p i ng
. ,
u .
L O b struct i n s
. o .
M L i m i t s f a m unt o f w r k o p e n e d
. o o o .
N B r i d g i ng tr e nc h f o str t
. d s i d e wa lk trav e l r ee an .
8
. B c k fi lli ng
a
A T a m p i ng p u d d li ng
. t , , e c .
B R p l ac i ng i m p r v d s tr ee t sur f ac s
. e o e e .
0 R m o v i ng s h r i ng e t
. e o , c .
D R p a i r i ng i n j ur i s t o p i p e s d ra i ns
. e tc e , ,
e .
F R p l ac i ng i m p r p r m at r i a l ( i n r o c k xcavat i o n )
. e o e e e .
P i p e l ayi ng
A Or d r o f l a yi ng st rag e o f p i p e e t
. e , o , c .
B F un d at i o n
. o .
0 L we r i ng p i p i nt tr nc h
. o e o e .
D C l e an i ng a d p r t ct i ng p i p e
. n o e .
E L ngt h
. f p i c s a d m i tt e d
e o e e .
F Cutt i ng p i p
. e.
G A d j st i ng s p i g o t s un i f o r m ly
. u .
H W e t b ll h o l s
. e e .
I Ma ki ng j o i nts
.
( ) Thi ck n ss o f j i nt
a e o .
( b ) D p t h o f l a d i n j i nts e e o .
( 0) G as k e t .
Le a d .
( 6 ) Runn i ng j o i nt .
( 1 ) Ca lki ng j i nt o .
J Stra p s
. d b rac i ng f n d s, an d b nd s o e ,
an e .
S e tt i ng s p ec i a l s a d a p p urt nanc s n e e :
A S pe c i a l s
. .
B H y d rants
.
( a ) H yd rant wa ll s .
( b ) Dra i nag e .
( 0) S e tt i ng d b rac i ng an .
C Va l v s
. e .
D P l ugs
. .
E Dr i n ki ng f unta i ns
. o .
F D i sc o nn ct i ng d r c nn e ct i ng ol d s rv i c s
. e an e o e e .
C o nn e ct i n o f n w wo r k t o l d
o e o .
Om i ss i ns
o .
D f ct i v e w r k
e e d m at r i a l
o an e .
396 A p p e n di x A
15 M ai nt e nance guarante a d i nsuranc , e n e.
1 6 T e sts
. .
1 7 M e a sur m e nts
. e .
1 8 R e m va l
. o f old p ip o tc e, e .
1 9 Pa y m e nts
. .
8 O u tl in e Spe c i fi c a t i o n s f o r C o n s t ru c ti o n o f Se w e r s
. .
n d e r t h e co ntract
u .
as b as i s f o c om p ar i s o n ) r .
b
h Eng i n e e r i ng wo rk li n e s gra d s e t , , e ,
c.
fl
i S p e c i a l wo r k .
)
O Mat e r i a l s— f urn i s h d by wh o m e
A I f f rn i s h e d by c i t y :
. u
W h e r e d e li ve r d t o c ntract o r e o .
( b ) D i str ib ut i n o .
( 0) De l a y s i n r e c i p t o f e .
( d ) B r a k age n d i ns pe ct i o n e a .
( 6 ) R p o rt o f nu m b e r s iz e a d b r a k ag e
e , n e .
( f ) R e s p o ns ibili t y .
B If f urn i s h e d by c o ntract o r
.
( a) Pipe d s p ec i al s an .
( b ) Til e .
( 0) B r i c k .
Sto ne .
( e ) C e m e nt mo r t ar d c o ncr e t e , an .
( 7) I r o n cast i ng s .
( g ) Lu m b e r .
( h ) P ili ng .
7 Excavat i o n an d tr e nc hi ng
.
Line .
Pr e s e rvat i n o f li n e n d gra d e m ar k s
o a .
D ep t h .
W i d th .
G ra d e .
Ch aracte r o f m at e r i a l .
D i s p o s a l o f m at r i a l e .
Ea r t h .
R oc k .
Pr ot e ct i o n d ur i ng bl ast i ng .
T unn eli ng .
Extra excavat i o n .
B e ll h o l e s .
39 8 A p p e n di x A
A .F lus h tan k s
( ) S y p h o n a d fixtur s
a n e .
C o nn e ct i ng wi t h wat e r p i pe .
B Man h o l e s
.
( a ) La d d e rs a d st p s n e .
( b ) F u n d at i o n o .
0 Catc h b as i ns
. .
D Out l e ts
. .
E B ranc h s e w rs a n d c o nn e ct i ns
. e o .
F Ti le d ra i ns
. .
G I ron p i p
. e .
H Sp c i a l co nstruct i o n w i t h s p e c i ficat i o ns f
. e or m at e r i al
I ns p e ct i n
o
A D f e ct i ve m a t e i a l
. e r .
B R e m o va l
. d r e b u il d i ng
an .
Extra w r k o .
O m i ss i o ns .
C o nd e m n e d i n f r i r d f e ct i ve wo r k
, e o or e .
T e sts an d r e qu i r em e nt s .
Acc p ta nc
e e .
S a m p le Co n t r a c t an d S p e c i fi ca t i o n s 399
A PP E N D I X B
SAM P LE C O N T R AC T A ND SP E C I F I C ATI O N S FO R
A CO M P LE T E ST R U C T U R E
C O N T R AC T AND SP E C I F I C ATI O N S
FO R T H E C O N ST R U C TI O N O F
WEL L
A CO N C R E T E R E S E R V O I R AND SU C TI O N
FO R T H E C IT Y O F MAD I SO N W I SC O N SI N.
C ON S U L TI N G E N G I N EE R S
MA DI S O N W I S C ON S I N
,
400 A p p e n di x
E XH I B IT A
NO TI C E T O CO N T RA C T ORS
S a l e d bi d s f f urn i s hi ng a ll l a b r d m t e r i a l f o t h e co nstruct i o n f
e or o an a r o
i m p r v m nt o f t h wat e r w o r k s s y st m f t h e c i t y f Ma d i s o n W i sco ns i n
o e e e e o o , ,
o c l c k p m W e d n s d a y Ju ly 1 2 1 9 1 6 at whi c h t i m e t h e bi d s will b e
’
o . .
,
e , , ,
o p en e d n d p u bli c ly r a d
a af t r whi c h t h e bi d s w ill b e c o ns i d e r ed a d t h
e , e n e
f o r fi ve h n d r e d d ll ars
u m a d e p a y a bl e w i t h o t r s e rv e t o t h
o treas u e e
I nstruct i ns t o bi d d e rs a d bl an k f r m s o f p r o p o sa l s m ay b e o b t a i n d
o n o e
d p l ans d s p c i ficat i o ns m y b e s ee n at t h o fii e o f t h e su p e r i nt e n d e nt
‘
an an e a e c
o f t h e wat r w r k s Ma d i s o n W i sc ns i n
e o , at t h e ffic e of , o , or o
Stat e Str t Ma d i s o n W i sc o ns i n
ee , , .
Ci t y Cl e r k .
402 A p p e n di x B
Exhibi t D—Sp i fi c t i ec a on s
Ext nt f C ntract
e o o
Est i m at e d Quant i t i e s
D scr i p t i o n
e
Excavat i n o
C ncr e t W o r k
o e
Wate r p r o o fing
St l R i n f o rc i ng R o d s
ee e
Man h l s o e
Ca t I r o n P i p
s e
S h et i ng d Pum p i ng
e an
Pr o t ct i n o f Pr e s e nt R s e rv i r
e o e o
Ti m b r F l o o r
e
Pr i c d M asur e m nt
e an e e
R m o va l o f Unus d Mat r i a l
e e e
Sa m ple Co n t ra c t an d S p e c i fi c a t io n s 403
E XH I B IT B
f o t h e c i t y f Ma d i s o n W i sc ns i n
r n d rs d w i t h t h nam e f t h bi d d r a n d
o , o , e o e e o e e
wi t h t h t i t l e f t h e w r k u p n w hi c h t h e b i d i s m a d w ill b r e c i ve d at t h
e o o o e e e e
ffi c f t h e c i t y c l r k i n t h e c i t y h ll nt il t w o c l k p m W d n s d y ’
o e o e a u o oc . .
, e e a ,
w hi c h t h bi d s W ill b c ns i d e r d
e d t h a w ar d m a d e as ar ly as p ract i c a bl
e o e an e e e .
2 Th w r k w ill i nc l u d a p p r x i m at ly t h f ll w i ng i t m s
. e o e o e e o o e :
A R i f rc d C c e t R es e v i . e n o e on r e r o r
Excavat i o n
C ncr t e o e
R e in f o rc i ng R d s o
1 5 V i tr i fi d G utt e r P i p
"
e e
8 V i tr i fi d S w r Pi p e e e e
D ra i n C nn e ct i ns o o .
V nt il a t i ng Man h l s i n R f
e o e oo
2 C ats C m nt Was h o e e
3 0 C l ass B C I Wat r Pi p
”
. . . e e
2 0 C l ass B C 1 Wat e r P i p
”
. . . e
2 0 C I 9 0 E lb w
” °
. . o
B R i f c d C c t S cti We l l . e n or e on re e u on
Excavat i n o 3 60 yd cu . s .
C ncr t o e e 95 yd cu . s .
R i n f rc i ng R d s
e o o p un d s o
St ee l Man h l e Fra m e C v r o 1 o e
3 N p o p s l can b w i t h d ra w n a f t r t h
. O r t i m f o r c i v i ng bi d s h as x
o a e e e e r e e e
p i r ed .
v nt t h p r i c s m st b e d i st i nctly xp r e d t h at t h r ca b e d o u b t as
.
e e , e e u so e e ss e e n no
to th m an i ng f t h sa m
e e I ll g ibl figur s w ill i nva li d at t h b i d
o e e . e e e e e .
5 B i d d e rs m ust s e cur t h e i r i n f r m at i n as t o l
. a l co n d i t i ns f tra d e o o oc o o e,
c h aract e r f s il p r b bl m o nt f wat r r c k e t f r m p rs na l i q i r y
o o , o a e a u o e , o , c .
, o e o n u
o n t h e gr o un d .
6 W r k m st b
. b g n p r m p t ly a f t e r t h a w r d f t h c ntract d
o u e e u o e a o e o an
w i t hi n s c h t i m as stat d by t h succ ss f u l bi d d r a d b c m p l t d by t h
u e e e e e ,
n e o e e e
t i m na m d b y sa i d bi d d r
e e e .
7 Th r i g h t i s r s rv d t r j ct y
. e a ll bi d s t w a i v y i f r
e e e o e e an or , o e an n o =
m l i t y i n an y b i d r c e i ve d t o acc p t an y b i d c ns i d e r d a d vantag us t t h e
a e , e o e eo o
c ntracto r k n o wn as suc h
o , .
404 A p p e n di x B
Eac h b i d f
8 . ac h i t e m m st i nc l d t h p e r f r m nc e o f l l wo r k an d
or e u u e e o a a
th w r k a d m at r i a l i nc l d e d un d r t h i t e m s o wh i c h a b i d i s su b m i tt d
e o n e u e e n e .
9 B i dd rs a e n t i fi d t h at t h e p r i c e b i d m ust i nc l u d e e v e r y t hi ng as d
. e r o e e
a ll o w d un l ss r d e r d i n wr i t i ng by t h c o ns l t i ng ng i n e rs d e nd rs e d
e e o e e u e e an o
by t h e s p r i nt n d nt f t h e wat r w r k s
u e e e o e o .
1 0 A b n d sat i s f act r y t o t h
. o c m m n c unc il f t h c i ty f Ma d i s o n i n
o e o o o o e o
th e m f fi f ty p
su c nt o f th c o ntract p r i c e w ill b r q u i r d wi t h
er e . o e e e e
e ac h c ntr a ct o .
1 1 Th bi d d r m st i f d s i r d sat i s f y t h e m a y o r o f hi s p ract i ca l d
. e e u , e e , an
1 2 A c rt i fi d c h c k o r p t bl Nat i na l o Stat e B an k o b an k
Q
. e e e , n a e u a e o r r a
d ra f t m a d e p a y a bl e w i t h t r e s rv t t h c i t y tr asur r f Ma d i s n W i sc on
ou e e o e e e o o ,
s i n f o fi ve h un d r d d ll ars
, r m ust acc m p an y ac h b i d
e o Suc h ce rt i o e .
o f t h e wo r k d th f urn i s hi ng f t h
, an m at r i a l i n acc r d anc e w i t h t h p l ans
e o e e o e ,
s p c i ficat i ns a d hi s p r p s l w i t hi n f rt n ( 1 4 ) d y s a f t r n t i c e t t h
e o n o o a , ou ee a e o o e
a war d o f sa i d c ntr ct t h i m d if h f a il s
o r f se s t d
a o i tl c h c k ,
an e or e u so o o . sa e
s h a ll b f r f i t d t t h e c i t y f Ma d i s o n as liq i d at d d a m g s f suc h f il
e o e e o o u e a e or a
i s s i gn d wh n t h bi d e or r j ct d e e s are e e e .
1 3 A ll bi d s m ust b
. s l f xp l anat r y N p p rtun i t y w ill b o ff r e d f
e e -
e o . o o o e e or
nat i n o f p art i cu l ar o p c li ar d v i c s
o r e u e e .
t h e c ntract o d s p c i fic t i ns an e a o .
1 5 P l ans s p c i ficat i ns f o r m
.
, f c ntr ct e d p r p sa l m y b e s e e n at
o , o o a ,
an o o a
th ffi c
e o f th su p r i nt en d ent f t h wat r w r k s Ma d i s o n W i sc ns i n
e o e e at o e e o , , o , or
th ffi c e f t h
e o un d rs i gn d
o Stat Str e t Ma d i s n W i sc ns i n
e e e , e e , o , o .
B i d d rs i nvi t e d t o b e p r s e nt at t h p n i ng o f bi d s
e are e e o e .
C nsu l t i ng Eng i n rs o ee .
406 A p p e n di x B
1 0
. a ll xtra w r k r d r d by t h c o nsu l t i ng ng i n rs d t l
Fo r e o o e e e e ee an no n
c l u d e d n d r an y o f t h a b ve h a d s co st p l us
u e e o pe ec nt ,
r e .
th e a m unt r e qu i r ed
o d b gi n t h ,w r k w i t hi n
an e d y s a f t r r c i v i ng
e o a e e e
n t i c o f t h e a war d t o
o e d t c m p l e t e sa i d w r k wi t hi n
an o o m o nt h o s
a f t r r c e i v i ng n t i c o f t h e a war d
e e o e .
e nc l o s h r w i t h a c rt i fi d c h ck ( b an k d ra f t ) f fi ve h
e e e e e e or or un
d r e d d ll ars o m d p a y a bl e w i t h
a t r s rv t t h c i t y tr sur e r f
e ou e e e o e ea o
Ma d i s o n W i sc ns i n w hi c h
, o ,agr e t o f r f e i t i f t h c o ntract i s a w rd e d
e . o e a
to d an f a il t nt e r i nt t h e sa m e i n acc r d anc wi t h t h e p o
o e o o e r
p s d f rm
o e of c ntr ct o d w i t hi n f o rt n ( 1 4 ) d y s a f t r n t i c e
o a , an f th
u ee a e o o e
a war d t o
R s p e ct f u lly su b m i tt e d e ,
C ntracto r
o .
A d d r ss e
Sa m p le Co n t ra c t an d Sp e c i fi c a t i o n s
G E N E R A L CO N T R AC T
by d b tw n an e ee of p art y c unt y f
f th o stat e o o e
first p art n d , af th o d s t at
e ci t y f
f c unt y f
o o o an e o
p art y f th s c n d p art
o e e o .
Wi t t h : Th at f
n ess e d i n c ns i d e rat i n f th p a y m nts
or and agr ee o o o e e an
m e nts h r i n f t r m nt i n d t o b e m a d
e e a e d p r f r m d b y s i d p art y o f th
e o e e an e o e a e
w i t h t h e sa i d p art y (
, p art i e s ) f t h s c n d p art agr ee w i t h t h e
or i d p art y o e e o s sa
o f th first p art at hi s ( t h i r ) w c st d xp ns t d o a ll t h e w r k
e , or e o n o an e e e, o o
un d r t h e c nd i t i ns h e r i na f t e r s p ec i fi d
e o o e e .
I t p n t ti er f P h as
re a e — W h n v r t h w rd c i ty
on o t h e xp r e ss i n
r s . e e e e o or e o
un d rst o d as r f rr i ng t t h c i t y f Ma d i n Wi
e o e e W h n v e r t h wo r d
o e o so , s . e e e
“
c ontract r th o xp r e s i n p arty f t h s n d p art
, or e e s c n d p art y
s o o e ec o , or
“
e o
”
to hi s t h i r l ga l r p r e s ntat i ve s
or e e e e .
W h n e v r t h w r d ng i n ee r i s us ed i n t hi s c ntract i t s h a ll b e n d r
e e e o e
”
o u e
s c h t h e r ng i n r s p r i nt n d nt i ns p t r as m y b aut h r iz ed by i d
u o e ee , u e e e or ec o a e o sa
w r d s f li k i m p r t
o o us e d i t s h a ll b un d rst od t h at t h d i r ct i o n e
e o are , e e o e e , r
q i u rem e t p r m i ss i o n
n , r d e r d s i gn t i n
e p re ri p t i n et
, o f th ,ng i e a o or sc o , c .
, o e e
n e r i s i nt nd ed ; d s i m il ar ly t h e w r d s a p p r va l acc p ta bl at i sf act o r y
e e an , o o , e e, s ,
o r w r d s f li k i m p rt s h a ll m an a p p r v d by
o o e oacc p ta bl at i s f cto r y e o e or e e or s a
t o t h e e ng i n e e r .
s hi p o o t h r qua li t i s f s i m il ar ki n d w hi c h c nn t f r o m t h i r natu r b
, r e e o a o e e e
a l l s c h c s s an y qu st i n
u a e f th
,
f u l fi ll m nt f sa i d s p e i ficat i o ns s h a ll b e
o o e e o ec
d ec i d d b y t h
e c ns l t i ng ng i n r d sa i d w r k s h a ll b d o n i n acc r d anc
e o u e ee , an o .
e e o e
w i t h hi s i nt r p r tat i ns f t h m e n i ng f t h e W r d s t r m s o c l au e s d efi
e o o e ea o o ,
e r s n
i ng t h ch aract e r f t h e w r k
e o o .
408 A p p e n di x B
of ki nd w ill b e
an y a ll we d b t t h a t a l l gt h t h r a t h s li d o
o , u e c u en , e a e ,
e o c n
te nts t h e nu m b r a
, e n d we i g h t o n ly s h a ll b c ns i d r d n l ss th r w i s p e o e e ,
u e o e e s e
cifi l l y p ro vi d d
ca e .
Su p e r i n t en d e nc e an art y o f t h se c o n d
d I n sp e t i on c —I t i s agr e ed by th e p e
p rt t h a t t h
a p art y f th efirst p art s h a ll b o d h r by i s aut h r iz e d t o p
e e , an e e o a
p o i nt f r m t i m e t t i m e suc h ng i n
o r sup r i nt n d nt i ns p ec t r t h s a i d
o e ee , e e e or o as e
first p rt y m ay d m p r o p r t i ns p ct t h m at r i a l t b f rn i s h ed d t h e
a ee e , o e e e o e u an
w r k t b e d n u d r t hi s agr m nt
o o o e d in a
n e r d nc w i t h t h p c i fi ca ee e an cc o a e e s e
r q u i r e d by t h e ng i n r sup r i nte n d nt
e e i ns p ct o r f t h p r o p e r i p
ee , e e or e or e ns ec
t i n d exa m i n a t i o n o f t h w o r k d a ll p ar t s f t h sa m T h e c nt ract r
o an e an o e e . o o
s h a ll r gar d d b y t h d i r ct i o ns d i nstruct i ns f y ng i n r su p r
e an o e e e an o o an e ee , e
int d
en t o i ns p t r s o ap p i nt d w h n t h e sa m e
en r ec o co ns i st nt w i t h t h e
o e e ar e e
i i
c s on , an d s h a ll r e s p t suc h d ec i s i n wh n r n d r ed ec o e so e e .
R i g h t o f E t y —T h e p rt y o f t h n r first p art r es rv s t h r i g h t t nt r a e e e e o e e
t h e p r o p e rt y o l oc at i o n o w hi c h t h
r w r k s h r i n c ntract d f n t b e o e e o e or a re o e
c nstructe d
o i nst ll ed by suc h ag nt ag nt
or a i t m y l ct f t h p e or e s as.
a e e or e ur
d sir
e Suc h c ll at ra l w rk s w ill b c nstruct e d
e . o e i nsta ll ed w i t h as li tt l
o e o or e
p r f r m anc
e o f suc h c ll at e ra l wo r k by t h e ag e nt
e o o ag nts f t h e p art y f t h or e o o e
d ranc e s w hi c h m y b e ca s d b y t h c nstruct i o n i ns t a ll at i n f s c h l
a u e e o or o o u co
l at ra l wo r k
e .
Ch g es A l
ant a t i o n s a d
,
E x t W oer
r k — Th s i d p art y f t h se c on d p ar t
n ra e a o e
wo r k h e r e i c o nt m p l at e d o r an y p art t h r f e i t h r b f r
n e ,
aft r t h b e eo ,
e e o e or e e e
g i nn i ng f t h e c o nstruct i o n
o .
If suc h al t e rat i ns d i m i n i s h t h qu nt i t y o f t h e w r k t o b d o e t h e y ’
o e a o e n ,
s h a ll o t co nst i t t a c l a i m f d m ag
n u e ant i c i p at e d p r fits th w rk or a es or o on e o
t h at m y b d i s p e ns d w i t h I f t h e y i ncr as t h a m nt f w r k s c h i
a e e . e e e ou o o ,
u n
p r i c s s t a bli s h ed f or s uc h w o r k un d r t hi s c o ntract ; p r o v i d d h w v r t h a t
e e e e , o e e ,
an y w r k al r a d y d n
o m at r i l a l r e a d y f urn i s h e d o
e o e or s d i n sa i d w r k e a r u e o ,
m at e r i a l o l b o r us d d f an y a t ua l l ss c a s i o n d b y s c h ch ang
r a so e an or c o o c e u e
p l ann d e .
N o w o r k s h a ll b e r e g r d e d as xtra wo r k un l e ss i t i s r d e r d i n w r i t i n g
a e o e
a gr ee d p r i c f t h sam s p c i fi d i n sa i d r d r p r v i d ed a i d p r i c i s t
e or e e e e o e , o s e no
A p p e n di x B
e v r n c ssar y w r k s h a ll b e sus p n d d t p r m i t f t hi s w o rk b t su c h
e e e , o e e o e o , u su s
p ns i
e w ill b e as b r i f as p ract i c bl
on d th c n tract r s h ll b e a ll we d o
e a e an e o o a o n
n o ti c o f t h t i m e d p l ac e w h r li n es a d g ra d s w ill b n d ed Al l
e e an e e n e e ee .
o f t h i r d struct i o n
e r m ova l by h i m hi s m p l o y e suc h sta k s m ark s
e or e or e e s, e , ,
t i n o r e m va l b y h i m hi s e m p l y s s ch sta k s m ar k s t s h a ll b e
o r o or o ee u e , , e c .
, e r
p l ac d by t h e ng i n e r at t h
e c ntrac t r s exp ns
e e e o o e e .
E m rg i e — Wh n v r i n t h
e n c es p i ni n f th ng i n e r t h c ntr ct
e e e e o o o e e e e o a or
h as t ta k n su ffic i nt p r
no e ut i n f t h sa f ty f t h p u bli c o t h p r t e o
e ec a o or e e o e r e o
tur s e p r p rt y w hi c h m y b e i n j r d by p r
or o e sses o f c o nstruct i o n o a u e oc e n ac
c nt o f suc h n g l ct d w h n v r i n t h e p i n i n f sa i d ng i n r an e m r
ou e e , an e e e o o o e ee e
g n y s h a ll ar i s
e e d i m m d i at ct i o n s h a ll b e c ns i d r d n ec ss r y i n or d
e an e e a o e e e a er
t p r t ct p u bli c o p r i vat
o o e p rs na l p r p rt y i nt r sts a d t h e c ntract r
r e, e o or o e e e , n o o
s h a ll f a il t o i m m d i at l y p r o vi d t h e n ec ssar y p r o t ect i n a f t e r n t i c by
e e e e o o e
by ca s i ng suc h w r k t b d n
u d m t rial t o bo f urn i s h d o d p l ac e d as
e o e an a e e e an
a d q ua t e
e .
Th c st d xp ns f s c h w r k d m at r i a l
e o an e f urn i s h d s h a ll b
e e o u o an e so e e
bo rn by sa i d c o ntract o r d i f t h sa m s h a ll t b p a i d
e p r s e ntat i n
, an f e e no e on e o o
w hi c h m y be c o m e d a sa i d c ntract r ue o o .
Th f a il ure f th ng i n r t r d r t h p r f o r m anc f sa i d m rg nc y
e o e e ee o o e e e e o e e e
w r k s h a ll i n
o w y r li v t h c ntract r f r m
no a y d m g e s t h at m y
e e e e o o o an a a a re
su l t b y t h m i ss i n f sa i d m rg nc y wo r k p r t ct i n
e o o o e e e or o e o .
P e li m i a r y Ap p v l — N o ng i n r s u p r i nt e n d nt o i nsp cto r s h a l l
‘
r n ro a . e ee , e e r e
th e c ntract o r o f g d m at r i a l a d o f hi s p r f r m i ng g ood w r k as h r i n d
o oo e n e o o e e e
or o m i ss i n o f an y ng i n r su p r i nt n d nt o i ns p ec t o r t c n d m n an y d
o e ee , e e e r o o e e
fec t i v w r k o m at e r i a l s h a ll r l as
e o r th c ntract r f r o m t h o bli gat i o ns t e e e e o o e o
at nc t ar o t r m v e d p r p r ly r p l ac t h sa m t an y t i m u p n t h
o e e u ,
e o an o e e e e e a e o e
d i sc v r y o f s a i d d f ct i v w r k
e o m at r i a l e e e o or e .
R i g h t of E g i er t M d i f y Me t h d
n d E q i p m e t — If at n y t i m t h
ne o o o s an u n a e e
m th o d s o
e q u i p m nt s d by t h c ntract r
r e e f o nd t bu nsa f
e l e o o are u o e u e or n
a d q uat f o s cur i ng t h sa f ty f t h w r k m n o t h e r p e rs ns w h o m y
e e r e e e o e o e r o o a
b e e n d ang r d t h r by e t
e s c r t h q ua li t y o f w r k
e e , th rat e f p r g
or o e u e e o or e o o
r e ss r qu i r d un d e r t hi s c ntract t h ng i n e r m y o r d r t h e c o ntract o r t
e e o , e e e a e o
tract r s h a ll c m p ly w i t h suc h o r d e r
o o .
If at an y t i m th w r k i ng f rc f th e c ntract o r i s i na d q at f
e o o e o e o e u e or se
cur i ng t h p r gr ss h r i n s p c i fi e d t h c o ntra t r h a ll i f s o r d e r d i
e o e e e e e c o s , o e , n
cr as e hi s f rc o qu i p m nt
e o e b t h t suc h an ext e nt as t g i v e r as na bl
r e e , or o , o o e o e
a il ur o f t h e ng i ne r t o m ak e suc h d em an d s h a ll t r e li v t h
Th e f e e e s no e e e
th w rk
e d th
o rat f p r gr ss r q i r d by hi s c ntract
, an e e o o e e u e o .
R i g h t t o R t i I m p r f ec t W o k — I f e a n y p art p rt i n f t h
e w rk d n r an or o o o e o o e
o r m at r i a l f rn i s h d
e n d r t hi s c ntra t s h a ll p r v d f t i v
u e u d eot i o c o e e ec e an n n
un d i r bl t h ng i n r s h a ll h av t h r i g h t d aut h r i t y t r ta i n suc h
es a e, e e ee e e an o o e
wo r k b t s h a ll m a k suc h d d ct i ns i n t h fina l p a y m nt t h r f r as m y
,
u e e u o e e e e o a
b j st
e u d r as o na bl
an e e .
A b i t ti o — T h
r ng i n r s h a ll w i t hi n r as na bl t i m d c i d l l
ra n e e ee , a e o e e, e e a
s p i ficat i ns d c ntract
ec o an o .
an y d i r e ct i ns w hi c h i n t h p i n i n f i t h r p arty h r t i s t i n ac c r d
o e o o o e e e e o no o
sa i d ng i n r hi s w r i tt n bj ct i n t t h d i s i n o d i r ec t i n s s r n d r d
e ee e o e o o e ec o r o o e e e
an d b y s c h ac t i n m y r v rs t h
u r i g h t t s bm i t t h q st i n ra i s d t o
o a e e e e o u e ue o so e
ar bi trat i n h r i na f t r p r ov i d d Th r s h all n v rt h l ss b e
o as e e e d lay i n e . e e e e e e no e
th e x c ti o n f t h w r k d t h d ci s i n
e e u o e d i r t i ns f th
o ng i n r
, an e e o or ec o o e e ee so
r nd r d s h a ll b p r o m p t ly carr i d t
e e e e d an y c l a i m s ar i s i ng t h r f r m e ou ,
an e e o
s h ll b e t h r ea f t r a d j st d by ar bi trat i n
a e e u e o .
I t i s f rt h e r agr d by b t h p art i s h r t
u t h at l l qu st i ns su bj ct t
ee o e e e o a e o e o
ar bi tr t i n a d j ust m ent s h a ll b ra i s e d d fi l d w i t h t h ng i n r p r i r t
a o or e an e e e ee o o
th x ut i n f t h d i r ct i ns f t h ng i n r d t h at a ll q st i n f d i ff e r
e e ec o o e e o o e e ee an ue o s o
e nc m ust b ra i s d p r i r t t h fina l p a y m nt
e e e t h e c ntracto d t h at bo t h
o e e on o , an
p art i s s h a ll l s a ll r i g h t t ra is f urt h r bj ct i n t ng i n r s d c i s i o ns ’ ‘
e o e th o e e o e o o e e ee e
a f t r t h fina l p a y m nt h b n m a d
e e e as ee e .
Th g n ra l p r d r s h a ll c n f r m t t h l aw s f t h st t i f n c ssar y
e e e oc e u e o o o e o e a e e e ,
an d t h d c i s i n f t h ar bi t r m a y b fi l d i n c urt t car r y i t i nt
e e o o e ff ct e e e o o o e e .
If t h ngi n r f a il t m a k a d c i s i n w i t hi n a r as na bl t i m an p
e e ee s o e e o e o e e, a
p ea l t a r bi trat i m y b ta k n as i f hi s d i s i n h d be n r n d r d ag i nst
o on a e e ,
ec o a e e e e a
th p art y a p p
e li ng I s c h cas s d i n cas f an ap p a l f r m t h ng i
ea . n u e an e o e o e e
d ci i n t h d m an d f ar bi trat i n s ha ll b e fi l d w i t h h i m i n w r i t i ng
’
n eer s e s o , e e or o e
w i t hi n t ( 1 0) d a y s t h r f t r ;
en d in cas l at r t h an t h t i m f fina l
e ea e an no e e e e o
p y m nt
a e .
Th p art i s m y agr
e up o n e ar bi t r t h r w i s t h r s h a ll b t h r ;
a ee on e e , o e e e e e ee
on e na m d i n wr i t i ng by c h p art y d t h t hi r d c h s n b y t h t w ar bi t rs
e ea , an e o e e o e
so s l ct d ; o i f t h ar bi t rs f a il t o l ct a t hi r d w i t hi n t
e e e r e d ay s h es h a ll e e en , e
b e c h s n b y t h p r s i d i ng ffic i a l f t h B As s c i at i n f D an e c nt y
o e e e o o e ar o o o ou .
d ay s f t h o d m an d h i r i g h t t ar bi tr t
e e s h a ll l a p s
, d th
s d ci si n f t h o a e e, a n e e o o e
e ngin r s h a ll b e fina l d bi n d i ng
ee h im S h u l d t h t h r p rt y f a il t
an on . o e o e a o
c h s an ar bi t r wi t hi n t d a y s t h ng i n r s h a ll a p p i nt such ar bi t r
oo e e en , e e ee o e .
S h l d i t h r p art y r f s
ou e e n g l ct t s p p ly t h ar bi t r w i t h an y p p r
e u e or e e o u e e a e s
I2 A p p e n di x B
or i n f r m at i o n d m an d d i n w r i t i ng t h ar bi t r e m p w r d by b t h p
o e e , e e s ar e o e e o ar
Th ar bi t rs s h a ll t w i t h p r m p tn e ss T h d i s i n f an y t w s h a ll
e e ac o . e ec o o o
b bi n d i ng
e b t h p art i e s t t h c ntract T h d c i s i n f t h ar bi t rs u p n
on o o e o . e e o o e e o
an y qu t i n su bj ct t ar bi trat i n n d r t hi s c o ntract s h a ll b a c n d i t i n
es o e o o u e e o o
p r ec d e nt t e an y r i g h t f l e ga l act i o n
o o .
T h e ar bi t e r i f th y d m t h cas d m an d s i t a
s, aut h o r iz d t o a war d
e ee e e e , re e
th e tim e xp n , d tr u bl
e i nc i d nt t t h ap p a l d i f t h ap p a l w
e se an o e e o e e an e e as
bi t rs s h a ll fi xt h i r w c m p ns t i n un l ss o t h e r w i s p r ov i d d by agr ee
e e o n o e a o , e e e
m nt e d s h a ll ass ss t h c st a d c h arg
, an of th ar bi trat i n p o n i t h r
e e o n es e o u e e or
w r i t i ng s h a ll t b p n t o o b j ct i n no acc unt f t h f r m f t h p r oc d
e o e e o on o o e o o e ee
i ngs o awar d r .
P i ce s r d P ym t E st i m a t s
an d P a y m e t s —I
a ord r t
en s . na bl e t h e an n n e o e e
b e m a d e by t h e ng i n e r o nc e a m nt h o f t h e a m unt o f w r k d o n
e e d m o o o e an a
t eri a l f urn i s h d ( d m t e r i a l d li v r d o
e th gr o und d t b e s ed i n t h e
an a e e e n e an o u
c o m p l t d wo r k )
e e d f t h e va l u t h r f acc o r d i ng t
, an t h e t rm s
o f th o e e eo o e o e c n
m a d by tr i ct m as r m nt
e s w i t h xact i ns b t m y b e a p p r xi m at
e u e e n ly or e o u a o e o .
Up o n t h a p p r va l o f sa i d st i m at by t h c ns l t i ng ng i n r t h p art y
e o e e e o u e ee , e
e st i m at e d va l u d w h n ev r sa i d c ntrac t s h a ll b
e, an d u ly c m p l e t d i n
e e o e o e ,
ac
c o d r w i t h t h t r m s h r i n c nta i n d a d w h e n sa i d w o r k n d m at e r i a l
a n ce e e e e o e , n a
a car e f u l d d ta il d st i m at s h a ll b m ad o f t h va l u f a ll w r k a d m a
an e e e e e e e e o o n
ter a i l f rn i s h d un d r a i d c o ntract
u e d th a m nt d e sa i d w o r k s h a ll
s , an e ou u e on
b p a i d t sa i d p art y f t h
e o s c n d p art p r v i d d h o w v r t h at i t i s o t o
o e e o , o e e e n c n
e l s w h r p r v i d d f p r t ct i n aga i nst c l a i m s f l a b r d m at r i a l f
e e e o e or o e o or o an e , or
d am g s f a r ya l t i s
e , th rwi s
or d xc p t i ng a l s an y a m
o e or nt r ta i n d
o e e, an e e o ou e e
as g arant u f th m a i nt nanc
ee f thor w rk m at r i a l f rn i s h d un d r
e e e o e . o or e u e e
t hi s c ntrac t o f f r f i t r
o r or o e u e .
D l y d P y m t — I cas an y p a y m nt t t h c ntract r
e a e a en n y e st i e e o e o o on an ~
t h e rat of fi v (5) p
e c nt p ann m f t h p r i d f suc h d l a y T h
e er e . er u or e e o o e . e
te rm f o whi c h sa i d i nt r st s h a ll b p a i d s h ll i n t h c
r f p r g r ss st i
e e e a , e as e o o e e
m at d t fr m th
es, a e l0 t h d ay a f t r t ho d at f sa i d est i m at t t h d t o f e e e o e e, o e a e
fina l p ay m nt f t h fina l st i m at e o e e e .
4]4 A p p e n di x B
C o n t r ac t o r
'
s
—Th e
c ntract r d ur i ng hi s a b s nc f r m t h w o r k
Ag en t o o e e o e
s h a ll k p a c m p t nt u p r i nt n d nt o f r m an u p n t h w r k f u lly
ee o e e s e e e r o e o e o , au
th i ed t
or z act f h i m i n hi s a b s nc
o or d t r c i v s c h rd rs as m y b e e, an o e e e u o e a e
th wo r k
e m at r i a l f urn i s h d t an y f r e m an
or e ag nt i n c h arg e o f an y p o
e o o or e r
t i n f t h sa m i n t h a b s nc f t h c ntract r h a ll b c o ns i d r d as
o o e e, e e e o e o o , s e e e no
t i c t t h c o ntract r
e o e o .
Ob s va c of L a w s a d O d i
er n e s — Th p art y f th s c n d p art s h a ll
n r n a n ce e o e e o
b e su bj t t o a ll l a ws d r d i nanc s f t h c i t y f Ma d i s n f D an c unt y
ec an o e o e o o o e o ,
s h a ll b e nt i t l d t e xe m p t i o n t h e r f r m
e o no e acc nt f t hi s c o ntract e o on ou o .
P t t i o Ag i t N g l i g e d D m a g e —S h l d an y w r k b d n
ro ec n a ns e e nc an a s .
~
ou o e o e
or m at r i a l f rn i s h d
e p l ac d o p u bli c str e ts
u e wa y s
or i n y th r p l ace n e or or an o e e
w h r p r o t ct i n i s n c ssar y t h c ntract r s h a ll t a ll t i m s
e e e o e e d es p c i a lly
, e o o a e an e
d r i ng t h e n i g h t p t
u p d m a i nta i n suc h b rr i rs
,
u u d d li gh ts
an d ta k a e an re an e
o ccurr nc f an y acc i d nt
e e o i n c ns q u nc f t h w r k b i ng d n e s m o e e e o e o e o e or a
t eri l b e i ng d p s i t d i n suc h p l ac s
s e o d th e c ntract r h a ll b li a bl f e , an e o o s e e or
a ll d a m ag es o cc a s i n d i n t hi s w y by r as n f hi s act n g l ct t h at f
o e a e o o or e e or o
an y s b c ntract ru -
o an y ag nt m p l y o or w r k m an ; d th sa i d c e , e o ee or o an e on
tract r s h a ll sav
o d k e p h ar m l s t h sa i d first p art y f r om a ll su i t s d
e an e es e or e
m an ds f d a m ag e s a ll g d t o h av o ccurr d t p e rs ns
or e p r p rt y by r e as n
e e e o o or o e o
o f sa i d w o r k o o f p l ac i ng sa i d m at e r i a l o r f r o m sa i d act o n e g li g e nc e
r so r .
o f th w r k t o ta k a ll n c ssar y p r caut i ns
e o e d t p l ac p r p r guar d s f o
e e e o an o e o e r
th p r ev nt i o n o f acc i d nts
e e d p t p at n i g h t su i t bl e d s fii i t li g h t
an u u a e an u c en ,
a ll d a m ag s d c sts t whi c h t h y m y b p t by r as n f i nj r y t p rs ns
e an o o e a e u e o o u o e o
or p r p rt y r su l t i ng f r o m n g li g e nc
o e , e o car l ssn ss i n t h p r f r m ance o f e e r e e e e e o
th w r k o i n guar d i ng t h sa m e
e o r r f r m an y i m p r p r m at r i a l es d i n i ts , o o o e e u e
c ns truct i o n o by o
o cc o un t o f act
r m i ss i n of t h e sa i d p art y f t h
r on a or o o o e
h r by f urt h e r agr s t h at t h w h l
e e m uc h f t h m o n e y d
ee nd r o
e o e o r so o e ue u e r
e ng i n ee r s h a ll r m y b t i d b y th
o p art y o f t h
a first p art nt il a ll su i ts
e re a n e
'
e e u
o r cl ai m s f o d a m ag s as a f rr i d h av e b n s tt l d d sat i s f ct o r y vi
e , o e sa , ee e e an a e
d nc e t t h at ff ct f urn i s h d t h
e o e sa i d c ns lt i ng ng i n e r
e e e o u e e .
a d j i n i ng p r p rt y p r op rt i s i n an y w y nc nt r d o w h i c h m i g h t b e
o o e or e e a e ou e e r
m nt e d h
, s h a ll b li a bl e f r an y o a ll c l a i m s f o d a m ag s
an e e acc ount f
o r r e on o
h i f a il ur e t
s f u lly p r o t e ct a ll p r o p rt y i n j ur d d ur i ng
o acc unt f s c h e e or on o o u
c nstruct i n
o o .
P t e c t i on Ag a i s t C l a i m s f
ro L bo a d M te ia l — Th
n sa i d p art y f t h e or a r n a r e o
a e ss e
w r k d o n e un d r t hi s c o ntract
o d i t i s f urt h r agr d by t h
e p art y f th e , an e ee e o
Sa m p l e C o n t ra c t an d S p e c i fi ca t io n s 415
se o c nd rt t h at sa i d s c nd p art y s h a ll i f
pa
’
d s i r d f urn i s h t h
e o sa i d first so e e e
t i l
er a d i n cas
, an suc h ev i d e nc i s d m an d d by d o t f urn i s h d t t h
e e e e an n e o e
b e n ar y t m e t t h c l a i m s f t h p rs ns a f r m e nt i n d m y b
ec e ss o e e o e e o o e o e , a e re
f ain d f r m t h
e m on y d
o s i d p art y f t h s c n d p art un d r t hi s agr m nt
e e ue a o e e o e ee e ,
c h arg d e .
P o t e t ioc Ag i t R l t i o P
a ns t t d I v t i s —
o Th c ntract r
a es r a en e n en on e o o
r y
n
d m an d f
e d a m ag s r y a l t i s
or f s e , y p at nt d i nv nt i n us d by h i m
o e or ee on an e e e o e
i n c nn ct i n w i t h t h w r k d n
o e o m at r i a l f rn i s h e d un d r t hi s c ntract
e o o e or e u e o
un l ss t h art i c l
e e i nve nt i n i s c l ar ly d sp c i fica lly r qu i r d b y t hi s
e or o e an e e e co n
tract ; d i t s h a ll b t h d t y o f t h
an n t ract r i f
e d m an d d by t h
e u e co o , so e e e
If y p at n t d m at r i a l m ac hi n r y a p p li anc
an e e i nv nt i n i s c l ar l
e , e , e or e o e y
s pe c i fi d i n t hi e ntract t h n d i n t h at v nt t h c o st f p r oc ur i ng t h
s co ,
e an e e e o e
r i gh ts o f e d t h e l ga l r l asus an i n d m n i t y s h a ll b b rn a d p a i d by t h
e e e e or e e o e n e
p art y f t h e fir t p ar t
o s .
A si g m s t n d S b l t t i g —T h
n en a sa i d c ntract r f urt h r agr s t h at h
u e n e o o e ee e
h e will o t su bl t t h e a f o r sa i d w r k o
n e t h e f urn i s hi ng f th ea f r sa i d m o r o e o e a
t e i a l b t will k
r u p th sa m und r hi s p rs na l c nt r l d t h at h w ill t
ee e e e e o o o ,
an e no
a ss i gn by p o w r f att rn y e t h r w i se an y p rt i n o f sa i d c ntract un l ss
o o e or o e o o o e
by d w i t h t h p r v i us c ns nt f t h
an e first p art y
e o o e o e .
Ab do m an t — I cas t h c ntract r s h a ll a b an d n t h w r k
n en n e d f a il
e o o o e o an or
r f u t c m m nc i t aga i n w i t hi n t ( 1 0) d a y s a f t r n t i ficat i n f r m t h
e se o o e e en e o o o e
first p art y o i f h e s h a ll f a il t c m p ly w i t h t h r d rs f t h ng i n r w i t h
, r o o e o e o e e ee or
c ase t h sur t i s o t h b o n d sh a ll b n t i fi d d d i r ct d t c m p le t t h
e e e n e e o e an e e o o e e
w i t hi n t n ( 1 0) d a y s a f t r s rv i ng suc h n t i ce carr y n t h wo r k at t h
‘
e e e x o , o e e e
p e ns f th
e o c ntract r d t h sur t i e s
e o o an e e .
Tim d O d e an f C o m p l e ti r It i s t h
er o m an i ng d i nt nt f t hi s on .
-
e e an e o co n
s h a ll b a ll w d t p r s c t h i w r k t suc h t i m s d s as s i n s c h
e o e o o e u e s o a e an e on , u or
d er o f p r c d nc e d i n suc h m ann r as s h a ll b m st c n d uc i v t
e e e, an c n my e e o o e o e o o
o f c nstr uct i n p r v i d d h w v r t h at t h
o o , o r d r d t h e t i m f p r s cut i n
e , o e e , e o e an e o o e o
s h a ll b suc h t h at t h w r k s h a ll b c m p l t d as a w h l
e e o d i n p art i n f u ll e o e e o e an
acco r d a c w i t h t h s p c i fic t i o ns d w i t hi n t h t i m f c m p l t i n h r
n e e e a an e e o o e o e e
d n i t h r b y c o nt ract by i ts o w f rc t h ng i n r m y d i t t h t i m
'
o e, e e or n o e, e e ee a rec e e
an d m an n r f c o n truct i ng t h e w o r k d n un d r t hi s c ntract
e o s t h at o e e o , so co n
4 I6 A p p e n dix B
t o a ll p art i s c nc rn d e o e e .
Th p art y
e f th s c n d p art f urt h r agr s t h at h w ill c m m nc t h
o e e o e ee e o e e e
w r k w i t hi n
o d ay s a f t r t h x cut i on f t hi s c o nt ract a d w ill p r gr ss
e e e e o n o e
t h r w i t h s t h at by t h e
e e o d y f 19 t h e wo r k s h a ll b om a o . e c
C d u c t f t h e Wo r k
on oK e p i g o f P l a s a d Sp i fi c a t i . s Acc si b l e
e n n n ec on es
T h e c ntract o r s h a ll b
o f urn i s h d w i t h t w o c o p i s o f a ll p l ans p r fi l s a d
e e e , o e n
w rko .
Ch tear acf W o k m r
— Tho s i d p art y f t h c n d p art agr e s t m
r en e a o
‘
e se o e o e
p l y n ly r d r l y c m p t nt
o o o e d s kill f u l m
, o t d t h e w rk ;
e e d t h at wh e n
an en o o o an
e v r t h ng i n r s h a ll i n f r m h i m i wr i t i ng t h at an y m
e e e ee o m th n an or en on e
wo r k i n hi s
are p i n i o n i nc m p t nt un f a i t h f l o r d i s r d r ly suc h m n o
o o e e ,
u o e , a r
m en s h a ll b d i sc h arg d f r m t h w r k d s h a ll t aga i n b m p l y d
e e o e o an no e e o e on
th esa m w i t h t t h e ng i n r s w r i tt n c o ns e nt
e ou e ee
’
e .
L o ss a d D m
es g s —
n A ll l ss d a m ag e ar i s i ng o t f t h natur f t h
a a e o or u o e e o e
w rk t o b e d on
o f r m t h e act i n f t h e e l m nts o f r o m an y un f o r s
e or o n cir o o e e r e ee
c m st
u c es i n t h e p r s cut i o n o f t h e sa m
an o of r o m unusua l o bs truct i ns
e e, r o or
susta i n d d b rn by t h e c nt r ct r at hi s wn c st d xp ns e
e an o e o a o o o an e e .
P o t ec t i o
r of F i i h e d o n P t i l ly Fi i h d W
n s k — Th c ntract o r s h a ll
r ar a n s e or . e o
ta k e a ll n c ssar y p r e caut i ns t o p r t ct a ll w r k d o n
e e m at r i a l f rn i s h d
o o e o e or e u e
o f c o nstruct i n ; h s h a ll a l s ta k p r op r m ans t o p r o t ct a d j ac nt a d j o i n
o e o e e e e e or
i ng p r op e rt y i n an y w y e nc unt r e d o w hi c h m i gh t b i nj ur d by t h p r c ss
a o e r e e e o e
o f c nstr ct i o n t
o ub e ta k n n d e r t hi agr e m e nt
o e u s e .
T h e c ntract o r s h a ll p r p r ly guar d
o d p r t ct a ll fin i s h d o p art i a lly
e an o e e or
i s c o m p l t e d d acc p t d by t h ng i n e rs Est i m at e f p a rt i a l p a y m nt o
e an e e e e e . o e n
w r k s c m p l t d s h a ll o t r l s t h sa i d c o ntract o r f r m suc h r s p o ns i
o o o e e n e ea e e o e
b i l i t y b t h e s h a ll t rn o v e r t h
u nt i r w r k i n f u ll acc o r d anc e w i t h t hi s co
u e e e o n
Hi d a c n a d D l ys
r n —No c h arg s h a ll b e m a d by t h c ntract r f r
es n e a e e e o o o
hi n d ranc e s o r d l y s f r m an y caus ( xc p t wh r e t h w r k i s st o p p d by
e a o e e e e e o e
w r k e m b rac d i n t hi s c ntract ; b t s c h d l a y s m y nt i t l e h i m t an e x
o e o u u e a e o
t h e d e t nt i n t h e a m unt f t h
e o , d t nt i n t b e d t r m i n d by t h
o o e ng i n re e e o o e e e e ee ,
p r ov i d d t h e c ntr ct r h a ll g i v t h ng i n r i m m d i at n t i c i n w r i t i ng
e o a o s e e e ee e e o e
o f t h ca s o f s c h d t nt i n
e u e I n c s sa i d w r k s h a ll b st p p d b y t h e act
u e e o . a e o e o e
p art y f th o s c o n d p arte e .
4l8 A p p e n di x B
EX H I B I T D
SP E C I FIC AT I ON S FOR
1 . s p c i ficat i ns i nc l u d e t h f rn i hi ng f a ll
E xt e n t of C on t r ac t — Th e s e e o e u s o
c o nstruct d c o m p l t t h r e i n f rc d c ncr t e r s rv i r d re i n f rc d c
an e e e o e o e e e o an o e on
cr t suct i n w ll a ll t t h f r m s d d i m ns i ns s h w n o t h e p l ans f r
e e o e , o e o an e o o n o
sa i d w r k acc o m p an yi ng t h s e s p ec i fic a t i o ns a d nu m b r d A— 2 2 7 3 A— 2 2 7 4
o e n e e , ,
A— 2 2 82 d A— 2 2 7 5 whi c h p l ans a
an h e r by m a d a p art h r f Thi s w r k
, re e e e eo . o
s h a ll i nc l u d e
Tha f urn i s hi ng o f a ll l a b r t o
. e l s d m at r i a l n c ssar y t xcavat e o , o an e e e o e
an d p r p r ly p r p ar e t h
o e f un d at i ns f r t h e structur s p r p r ly b k fi l l i g
e o o o e e , o e ac n
b Th . f urn i s hi ng o f a ll l a b r m at r i a l
e d qu i p m nt f m ixi ng d o ,
e an e e or an
p l ac i ng a ll c ncr t i n t h e fl oo r wa ll s c l u m ns
o e e d r f h r i na f t r s p c i , , o an oo as e e e e
fi ed .
c . urn i s hi ng d p l ac i ng f a ll st e l b ars f r i n f rc i ng t h
Th e f an o e or e o e co n
cr t as s h o wn t h e p l an
e e d i n acc r d anc w i t h t h s s p c i ficat i ns
on s an o e e e e o .
d Th f urn i s hi ng e d p l ac i ng f m an h o l s d c o v rs as s h w n
an th o e an e o on e
p l ans .
6 Th . f urn i s hi g e d p l ac i ng f v i t r i fi e d gutt r n d c nn ct i n
an f sa m o e an o e o o e
w i t h t h e st r m wat r s w r as s h o wn o th p l ans e e e on e .
7 T h f rn i s hi ng f a ll l a b r t l s a d c nstruct i n q u i p m nt n c ssar y
. e u o o , oo n o o e e e e
to d o a ll t h wo r k i nc l u d d i n t h s s p c i fic t i ns
e e e e e a o .
p l ac i ng t h c ncr e t d a ll w t r
e o q i e d i n an y o e an a ll b o il rs s d by t h e a e re u r O
r e u e
d ra t o n c i t y t p n ar st t t h l at i n l e ct d by t h c o ntract o r f hi s
r a e e o e oc o se e e or
m i xi ng p l ant Th w at r w ill b t h at f t h
. c i t y wat r s y st m d w ill b
e e e o e e e an e
th e u s a l o p rat i ng c o n d i t i ns T h c i t y w ill f rn i s h f r
u e f c st t oth . e u ee o o o e co n
tract r t m r e t h an t w ( 2 ) m t e rs f o m as r i ng t h wat r d t h e o
o no o o e r e u e e an c n
m t rs whil us d o t hi s w r k
e e e e n o .
r d uc rs va lv s d p i p s r qu i r d t r gu l at
e e , e an d c o nve y t h e wat r f r m e e o e e an e e o
t h hy d rant o t p t o t h p o i nt w h r t h
e r a w t r w ill b us d e A ll p i p s us d s e e e a e e e . e e
i n c nv yi ng wat r f r o m t h hy d rant s h a ll b
o e e p l ac d as t t i nt r f r
e e so e no o e e e
or t p caus d by hi s l a b r rs
a e r a g nts d ur i ng t h t i m sa i d c nn ect i n i s o e o e e e o o
m a d w i t h t h hy d rant
e ta p T h m t h d o f c o nn ct i ng t t h
e hy d rant s h a ll
or . e e o e o e
be su bj ec t t t h a p p r va l o f t h su p r i nt nd nt o f t h w at r wo r k f t h
o e o e e e e e e s o e
c i t y o f Ma d i s n d i n suc h m ann r as t t i nt e r f r w i t h t h c nn ct i n o f
o ,
an e no o e e e o e o
a fi h s t t l ast
re o e n zzl f s a i d hy d rant
o a e on e o e o .
Th c ntr ct r s h a ll p r v i d a su i ta bl st rag r o m wh r e i n t h us a
e o a o o e e o e o e o o e
c m nt w ill b k p t d y a d f r f r m d ang e r f i n j ur y i n an y w y
e e e e r n ee o o a .
2 E st m ted Q
. t i t s —T h
i a f ll o w i ng th st i m at d quant i t i s f
u an ie e o are e e e e o
w rk
o d m at r i a l i nc l u d d i n t hi s c ntract
an e e o
RESERVO I R
Exc vat i n a o
C ncr t — r i n f rc d
o e e e o e
St l R i n f rc i ng B ars d La d d r
ee e o an e
Man h l s 2 4 i n C 1
o e . .
Wa ll F l ang 3 0 i n P i p e . e
Wa ll F l ng 2 0 i n P i p a e . e
30 in Pip . e
2 0 in Pip . e
2 0i n P i p E lb w
. e o
V i tr i fi d P i p G tt r e e u e
V i tr i fi d P ip ( 8 i n C nn ct i n t S w r )
e e . o e o o e e
2 C o ats C m nt Was h i ns i d e e e
SUC TI ON WELL
Excavat i n o
C o n cr e t e fi
r e i n f o r ced
St l R i n f rc i ng B ars
ee e o
24 i n P i p — F l ang e d— 4 f t l ngt h s
. e . e .
3 0i n P i p — 4 f t l ngt h fl ang d
. e . e , e on on e en d ,
b lle on
on e en d
Man h l Str ct ra l St l bu il t p
o e, u u 1 ee u .
3 D c i p ti o —( ) R
. es r e v i r —Thi s structurn . i s t b us d f t h
a es r o . e o e e .
or e
i s t o b e l cat d a d j ac nt t t h p r s nt r s rv i r
o e East Da yt n str t b
e o e e e e e o on o ee e
o f l o ts 1 2 1 3 d 1 4 f bl c k 1 2 0 acc r d i ng t o t h pl at f t hi s l ca li t y
, an o o ,
o e o o .
o e u se or e o o ne an
a d d i t i a l hi g h s rv i c p m p i ng m ac hi n r y d i s t b l cat d o t h bl c k
on e e u e an o e o e n e o
i ng d G r h a m str t
an o ee .
4 E xc a va t i o
.
— Th xc vat i n f a ll str ct r s d f o n d at i ns s h a ll
n . e e a o or u u e an u o
e o th d t e e on e an o e n o e
tw o ( 2 ) f t f r m t h n at xt r i r li n s f t h str ctur
ee o e e e e o e o e u e .
A ll m at r i a l xcavat d xc p t s c h i s n d d f b k fi l l i g s h a ll
e e e , e e u as ee e or ac n , re
m a i t h p r o p e rt y f t h c i t y a d s h a ll b h au l d
n e d d p si t d at suc h p i nts
o e n e e an e o e o
as m y b d s i gnat d by t h
a e e g i n e rs at t h e p r i c nam d i n t h p r o p sa l
e e en e e e e o .
A p p e n di x B
C c e t W or k — ( ) T h c o ncr
5 . on r e s h a ll c o ns i s t f e ( 1 ) p art f
. a e et e o on o
m e a ur e m nts i n t h
s f o ll o w i ng m ann e r
e O ( 1 ) b ag f c e m t
e pp xi . ne o en , a ro
m at ly n i n t y fi v ( 9 5 ) p un d s s h a ll b c ns i d r d
e e -
e c nst i tut i ng o (1 ) e o e e as o on e
cu bi c f t f c m nt T h v l u m e of c ars
oo o e e d fi , ggr gat s h a ll b e o o e an ne a e e e
m asur d b y s h ov li ng i nt a b o x
e e bi n w i t h o u t ra m m i ng c o m p act i ng
e o or or .
b
( ) C m e t — A ll c m nt us d i n t h w r k h r t f r d scr ib d s h a ll b e
e n e e e e o e e o o e e e
of th b e st q u li t y f A m r i can P o rt l an d c m nt I t s h a ll b fin e l y gr und
e a o e e e . e o ,
t h r o ghly burn d d s ffi c i nt ly s l w s tt i ng t p r m i t f w r k i ng i nt
o u e an u e o e o e o o o
m o rt ar a d us i ng t h e w o r k b f r s tt i ng s h a ll b g i n
n on e o e e e .
S t or a g e — A ll c m e nt s h a ll b f rn i s h d i n w ll m a d b ags
e b arr l s b r e u e e e or e ea
f u lly p r t e ct t h c m nt f r m t h e w at h r
o e Sa i d war h us s h all b p r v i d d
e e o e e . e o e e o e
w i t h a fl o r s o t h at t h c e m nt w ill b k p t f r m c ntact wi t h t h e gr n d
o e e e e o o ou .
D e l i ve y — A ll c m e nt us d i n t h
r w r k s h a ll b e d li v r d at t h
e st o r e e o e e e e e
h us a t l ast v n ( 7 ) d a y s b f r i t s h a ll b s d s t h at s ffi c i nt t i m
o e e se e e o e e u e o u e e
C m e nt w hi ch b c om s i nj r e d i n st rag
e d a ll r j c t d c em e nt m ust
e e u o e an e e e .
b e r e m v d w i t hi n t h r ee ( 3 ) d a y s a f t r n t i c t o t h e c ntract r
o e f i ts j e o e o o o re ec
t i on .
T es t s — A ll c m nt s d i n t h w r k s h a ll b s bj ct t t h l at t stan d ar d
e e u e e o e u e o e es
An y c m nt f a ili ng t p ass an y o f t h r qu i r m nt s a b ve s p c i fi e d m y b
e e o e e e e o e a e
r ej ct e d
e .
( )
0 A gg ge a t e — B f r d li v r y at t h e w r k t h e c ntract o r s h a ll
r s. e o be e e o , o su
ou . s e e e
p r o p o s d t o b e us d
e Th s sam p l s w ill b t st e d d i f f oun d t o p ass t h
e . e e e e e an e
wo r k .
scr n h av i ng f r ( 4 ) m s h s p li n ar i nc h ; o t m o r e t h n t w nt y fi v ( 2 5 )
ee ou e e er e n a e -
e
p er c nt s h a ll p a ss s i ve h av i ng fi f t y ( 5 0) m s h s p li n ar i nc h d t
e . a e e e er e , an no
m o r t h an fi v
e (5) p c nt s h a ll p ass
e i v h av i ng o er h un d r d ( 1 00)
e . a se e ne e
m s h s p e r li n ar i nc h
e e F i n e aggr gat s h a ll n t c nta i n v g t a bl
e . ot h r e e o o e e e or e
d l t r i o s m att r
e e e o m r t h an t h r e ( 3 ) p
u e , c nt f c l a y l a m
n r o e e er e . o or o .
F i ne g g g a t h l l b f s c h qua li ty t h at m rtar c m p s d f o e ( 1 )
a re e s a e o u o o o e o n
m a d i nt o b r iq u e tt s s h a ll s h w a t ns il str ngt h at s v n 7 )
e e , d t we nt y o e e e e e an
T h e p rc ntag e o f wat r us d i e m k i g t h e b r iq u tt s f c m nt d fi
'
e e e g n a n e e o e e an ne a
g r e ga t e s h a ll b suc h as t p r d uc a m o rta r f t h sa m c o ns i st nc y as t h at
e o o e o e e e
42 2 A p p e n di x B
An y c m nt m o r t ar c ncr t wh lly o r p art i a lly t b f r b i ng
e e , or o e e, o se e o e e
p l ac d s h a ll b
e r m v d d s h a ll o t b e s d i n an y p o rt i n of t h wo r k
, e e o e an n u e o e .
No c ncr t s h a ll b p l ac d i n f r zi ng w e at h e r o d ur i ng suc h t i m s wh e n
o e e e e ee r e
p e r m i tt d by t h ng i n rs I n ca p r m i ss i n i g i v n t p l ac c o ncr t ‘
e e e ee . se e o s e o e e e
c ncr t b i ng p l ac d f r m f r zi ng F i r s o st e a m h at i ng s h a ll b us d
o e e e e o ee . e r e e e
T h aggr gat
e d wat r s h a ll b h e t d su ffic i nt ly
e e an t h at wh n t h e c ncr t
e e a e e so e o e e
i s p our d i nt t h e f r ms d p s i t d i n p l ac e i t s h a ll b at a t m p ratur n t
e o o or e o e e e e e o
l w r t h an 4 0 F a ll c ncr t w r k p r m i tt d d r i ng f r zi ng w a t h r s h a ll
o e
°
.
, o e e o e e u ee e e
b e i n acc r d anc wi th t h d i r ct i ns
o d t th e f u ll sat i s f act i n f th e e e o an o e o o e u
gi n ee r s .
(f) F orm s .
— A ll
n c ssar y f r m s d f a l w r k r q i r d s h a ll b p e e o an se o e u e e ro
vi d d e d r ant d by t h c ntract r at hi s w c st d xp ns
e ec e e d s h a ll b
o o o n o an e e e, a n e
o f su i t a bl d s i gn a d str ngt h t o s h a p t h e w a ll s be a m s
e e n d t h e r p arts o f
e e , an o
th w rk in t h
e o m ann r s h w n i n t h e d ra w i ngs A ll f r m s s h a ll b w ll
e o e . o e e
to p r v nt l a k ag
e e f m rtar e I t i s p art i c l ar ly i m p rta nt t h at t h f r m s b
e o o . u o e o e
d cr as t h
e e w at r t i g h tn ss f t h w r k
e e e e o e o .
A ll f o r m s s h a ll b bu il t t ru t li n d gra d d s h a ll b
e s ffic i nt ly e o e an e an e u e
b r c d t p r s rv sa i d li n
a e o e d gra d w hil t h
e e c ncr t i s b i ng p l ac d d e an e e e o e e e e an
g i v w y d p r d c i rr gu l ar s h a p s
e a an o l ak d p r d c f u l t y str ctur
u e e e , or e an o u e a a u e,
sa i d w r k s h a ll b r m d i d by t h r m va l f t h e i rr gu l ar f a l t y p rt i n
o e e e e e e o o e or u o o .
Th ef r m s s h a ll b
o b il t f r m l m b r s m t hly d r es s d e u th s i d n xt t ho u e oo e on e e e e
a s m o t h v n d w r k m an li k ap p aranc
o ,
e e an o e e e .
u p n it
o .
an d s h all t b us d aga i n w h n w ar p d
no e i n j ur d w i t h t sat i s f act r y
e e e or e , ou o re
p a i rs .
g
( ) T p Fi i s h o f C
a c e t e — Th t p
n f th r f d t h fl rs s h a ll b on r e o o e oo an e oo e
b r ug h t t t h li n s d gra d s i n d i cat d
o o e the p l ansan d d car m ust b e e on e an ue e e
ta k n w i t h t h r f t t p r m i t y h ll w s l w s p ts i n whi c h t h w at r
‘
e e oo no o e an o o or o o e e
m y c ll c t
a o d stan d
e Th e r an f s h a ll s l p ni f rm ly f r m t h c t r t o t h
. oo o e u o o e en e e
s i d s as s h wn t h d ra w i ngs
e o on e :
Th s r f ace o f t h r f s d t h fl rs s h a ll b b r g h t t t h p r o p r e l
e u e oo an e oo e ou o e e e
whi c h t h sur f ac s h a ll b e s m t h d d w n w i t h a fl t T h fin i s h d m
e e oo e o oa . e e co
cr t s h a ll b s m t h d h av an v n s r f ac It i s t i n t n d d t o a dd a
'
e e e oo an e e e u e . no e e
b r i ng t h e m rtar t t h s r f ac o o e u e .
Sa m p le Co n t r a c t an d S p e c i fi ca t i o n s
(h) P r o t e ct i o n of r oo f s s h a ll
Fi n i s h e d C o n c r e t e —A ll c o ncr et e fl o o rs an d
b e p r o t ct d f reo m cc ied e nt a l i n j ur y A ll f r s
a hly p o ur d c o ncr e t e s h a ll b e . e e
p r o t cte d f r o m t h e h at
e f th by t h us e f canvas p ap r
e o san d e d su n e o ,
e or , an
n e e e e ou or e e
-
( 4 8 ) h rs a f t r t h c o ncr t h as be n p o ur d
ou e e e e e e .
A ll c ncr t w r k s h a ll b co m suffi c i nt ly h ar d t p r v nt i n j r y by
o e e o e e e o e e u
w r k m n b f r wa l k i ng
o e e o p ass i ng o v r i t i s p e r m i tt d
e or e e .
6 W e t
. P o ofi g
a
— I t i s i nt n d d t o w at r p r oo f t h
r r n s i d wa ll s o f th e e e e e e
r s e rvo i r f r m t h fl o r p t l vat i n
e o e c i t y d atu m d t h s i d e wa lls o f
o u o e e o , an e
li m T h hy d rat d li m s h a ll b e a d d d t t h e c e m e nt at t h t i m t h c m n t
e . e e e e o e e e e e
i ty f
c e T st i ng Mat r i a l s
or e e .
Th hy d rat d li m s h a ll b a d d d i n t h p r p rt i ns f
e e e ( 1 ) p rt o f e e e o o o o on e a
hy d rat d li m t t ( 1 0) p arts f P o rt l an d c m nt T h p r p o rt i o ns a b o ve
e e o en o e e . e o
g i v n s h a ll b b y v l u m tr i c m asur m nt m a d b y s h o v li ng i nt a s i t bl
e e o e e e e e e o u a e
b x w i t h o ut p ac k i ng
o d car s h all b ta k n t an t h at t h a b v m nt i o n d
e e e o se e e o e e e
p r p rt i ns
o o us d i n v r y b atc h
o are e e e .
A f t r t h f r m s h v b e n r m ov d t h i ns i d f ac o f t h r s rv i r wa ll s
e e o a e e e e e e e e e e o
an d th i ns i d f ac f t h s ct i n w ll w ll s s h a ll b e g i v n t w ( 2 ) c ats f
e e e o e u o e a e o o o
n at c e m nt was h T h c m nt h a ll b m ix d w it h n ly s ffi c i e nt w t r t
e e . e e e s e e o u a e o
e v n ly d t h r g hly a p p li d
e an o t
ou fi ll t h p r e s f t h e c ncr t a d i e so as o e o o o e e n h
cr t h wat r t i g h tn
e as e e f t h wa ll s
e Th s c n d c at s h a ll b a p p li d af t r
e ss o e . e e o o e e e
th first c o at h as t h r ug hly d r i d
e o o e .
7 St el R i f
. ci g R d a — Th r s h a ll b b il t i nt t h c ncr t at t h
e e n or n o e e e u o e o e e e
p i nts s h wn
o th od ra w i ngs on d as d i r c t d by t h
e ng i n rs r un d ste l , an e e e e ee , o e
r d s f t h d i m ns i ns i n d i cat d T h st l f t h s r d h a ll h ave an l
o o e e o e . e ee or e e o s s u
t i m at str n g t h f f r m
e e t o p un d s p e r s q uar e i nc h
o d s h ll b e o o an a
o f th q ali t y k n wn as m d i u m st l T h r d s s h a ll b e c m m rc i a l r o un d
e u o e ee . e o o e
st l r d s f r f r m i l d i rt
ee o , ee lo r st d h a ll b e e qua l t t h b st o f
o o , or os e u ,
an s o e e
t h i r c l ass i n t h m ar k t A ll r d s s h a ll b h l d t t h i r p r p r p s i t i n b y
e e e . o e e o e o e o o
c li p s d w i r s f ast n d t t h f r m s T h n g i n r m y i ncr as
,
an e e e o d cr as e
e o . e e ee a e e or e e
th a m nt f st l r in f rc m nt as i n hi s j ud gm nt s ee m s n ec e ssar y A d d i
e ou o ee e o e e e .
t i ns
o d d ct i o ns i n t h
or e p r i c p a i d s h ll b
u m ad f such a d d i t i o ns
e d e a e e or or e
d ct i
u i n t h a m unt f r i n f rc m nt i n acc r d nc w i t h t h p r i c e s stat d
on s e o o e o e e o a e e e
t h r f r i n t h p r p sa l
e e o e o o .
Th c ntract r m y i f h d s i r s s b m i t a b i d p t w i st d o t h r d
e o o a ,
e e e , u
'
u on e or e e
f r m d b ars
o e f m d i m q a li t y o f st l d f qu i va l n t cr s s t i o n D
e u u o ee an o e e os ec . ue
c o ns i d rat i n w ill b g i v n sa i d b i d i n li
e o f the p lai n r nd r d s a h re t
e eu o e ou o s e o
f r sp ci fi d
o e e e .
W h n c nt i n s li n f r i n f rc m nt i s d s i r d t h r d s s h a ll b
e a o uou e o e o e e e e e o e
l a p p d o t l ss t h an f rt y fi v ( 4 5 ) d i a m t rs f p l a i n r o d s d t hi rt y fi ve
e n e o -
e e e or an -
( 3 5 ) d i a m t rs f d f o r m d b ars
e e d h a ll b
or s cur ly w i r d o o t h rw i se
e e , an s e e e e r e
f ast n d t g t h r i n a m an
e e o e r ap p r v d by t h ng i n rs
e ne o e e e ee .
4 24 A p p e n di x B
8 .
S v n ( 7 ) stan d ar d cast i r o n m an h o l s d c o ve r s s h a ll
Ma n h o l e s .
-
e e e an
i ngs , as d i r ct d by t h e e ng i n r T h m an h l e s s h a ll ac h h av an p n
or e e ee . e o e e o e
i ng a p p r oxi m at ly t w nt y f o ur i nc h s e e i n d i am e t r d t h c ve rs s h a ll
-
e e , an e o
b e p r f o rat e d f
e th a d m i ss i o n o f a i r f v nt il at i ng p ur p o s s T h c v r
or e or e e .
-
e o e
c nt r
e e .
Th c ntract r s h a ll f urn i s h d p l ac t h m n h l f ra m
e o o d c ov r f r an e e a o e e an e o
9 G tt r —
.
o f th e t h r s i d e as i n d i cat d o t h e d ra wi ngs
o e e n .
T h e gutt e r s h a ll b l a i d t o t h li n d gra d t b e g i v n by t h e ng i n
e ers e an e o e e ee .
T h e j i nts s h a ll b
o l a i d w i t h m rtar m ix d i n t h p r p rt i o ns f e ( 1 ) p art
e o e e o o o on
i n d i cat d t h e p l ans
e on d sa i d c ncr t s h a ll b e m i x d i n t h
, an p r o p rt i o n o f o e e e e o
on e ( 1 ) p rt f P o rt l an d c e m nt t
a o tw d h al f ( 2 54 ) p arts f s n d t
e o o an on e -
2 o a o
fi ve ( 5 ) p arts f st o n o grav l o e r e .
T h gutt rs s h a ll b e c nn ct d t th st r m w at r s w r by i g h t i nc h ( 8
e e o e e o e o e e e e
v i tr i fi d s we r p i p s i n d i cat d
e e th
e, p l ans
a A su i ta bl e cast i r n c nn c e on e . o o e
t i n s h a ll b p r v i d d t c nne ct t h e gut t r t t h e e i gh t i nc h
o e o e -
o o s w r p ip e e o e e
an d sa i d c o nn ct i o ns s h a ll b p r o v i d d w i t h s i ta bl grat i ng w i t h a
e e t w at r e u e ne e
wa y q ua l t s i xt y ( 6 0) s q uar i nc h s
e o e e .
1 0 C as t I . P i p e —T h e c ntract r s h a ll f rn i s h n d p l ac
r on ( 1 ) t w lv
o o u a e on e e e
b su p p li e d w i t h a su i ta bl e c ll ar o fl ang
e t l ast t w l v i nc h s o l arge r r e a e e e e
i n d i am t e r t h an t h o u t s i d e d i a m t e r f t h p i p Sa i d c o ll ar s h a ll b i t h r
e e e o e e . e e e
p o ur e d a d ca lk ed b t w n t h uts i d o f t h p i p i ns i d f ace f t h
'
n e ee d th e o e e e an e e o e
c o ll ar .
gra d e d w h n o p l ac d s h a ll b e h l d r i g i d ly i n p l ac d r i ng t h e t i m t h e
an e s e e e u e
c o ncr t e i s b e i ng p r d
e ou e .
t we nt y i nc h cast i r n w at r p i p O 1 ) l ngt h s h a ll b
o f urn i s h e d
e e . ne e e
w i t h a s u i ta bl e c ll ar o f t h t y p a b o v m nt i n d
o T h p i p e s h a ll b e l a i d o n
e e e e o e . e
t p
o f th
o r s rv o i r fl o o r a d at t h
e e e d i t s h a ll h av e a n i n t y d g re
n e en e e e
b n d p l ac d w i t h t h e ut l e t t rn d p A ll j i nt
e , e o t b fi ll d w i t h l ad
u e u . o s are o e e e
a d t h r o ug hly ca l k d s
n o as t o p r d uc a t i gh t j i nt
e o o e o .
Th e p ip a f te r b i ng p r op e r ly a li gn d d p l ac d s h a ll b anc h r ed t o
e, e e an e , e o
t h e fl oo r f t h e r e s e rv i r by m ans
o f th r ( 3 ) c ncr et e bl c k s i g h t n
o e o ee o o e ee
i nc h e s w i d e f o ur f e t l o ng d fi f t n
, hi g h
e an ee .
Th c ntract r s h a ll a l s f urni s h d p l ac
e o o ( 1 ) l ngt h f C l ass B
o an e on e e o
t hi rt y i nc h -
cast i r n w t r p i p f ur f t l ng wi t h a stan d ar d
o a e e o ee o
fl ang f ac d d d r ill d A S M E
e e an e e n d wi t h a stan d r d h l l o
e . . . h b o . on on a e r u n
t h e th ro d e en .
42 6 A p p e n dix B
fl r s h a ll c o ns i st f
Th e oo ( 1 ) t hi ck n f o i nc h ( 1 h e m l oc k
o on e e ss o ne
i nc h s e d S p ac d t m r
an t h an f ur f t e ap art T h e h e m l ck
no o e o ee . o
Th str i ng rs
e t be m b d d d i n t h e e art h a d t h e gr o un d l e ve l ed
e a re o e e e n
o ff t tho t op f sa i d str i ng rs
e Th
o t op s f a i d str i ng rs a t b e p l ace de . e o s e re o
th et i m b r fl r w ill h av a un i f r m b ar i ng
e oo e o e .
S e c n d h an d l u m b r m y b us d i n t h c n truct i n f sa i d fi o p
o e a e e e o s o o o r ro
v i d ed t h l u m b r i s f suc h q ua li t y as w ill m a k a t i g h t fl r
e e o e oo .
1 4 P i ce a d M as r em
. r t a
( )n R v i —e Th l um p s m p r ice b i d
u en . eser o r . e u
l b r d m at r i a l s t p r o p e r l y xcavat t h s i t t o t h li n s d gra d s h o wn
a o an e o e e e e e e an e s
o n t h e d ra w i ngs ; sa i d x a va t i w k s h a ll c ns i st f l o a d i ng t h e m at r i a l
e c on v
or o o e
h an d li ng d d p s i t i n g sa m T h l u m p m b i d s h a ll i nc l u d a ll l a bo r
an e o e . e su e ,
t o l s d m at r i a l s n c ar y t s h t ar un d t h s i t o f suc h p rt i ns as m y
o an e e e ss o ee o e e o o a
r q u i r s h t i ng d s h a ll i nc l u d e t h e c os t f a ll p u m p s p um p i ng m ac hi n e r y
e e ee , an o , ,
l a b r d m at r i a l s r q u i r d t p r p r ly un wat r d k p t h s i t f r e f r m
o an e e e o o e e an ee e e e o
w at r e .
Sa i d l m p m h a ll i nc l u d t h c st f al l l a b r t l s p l ant m ac hi n r y
u su s e e o o o , oo ,
e ,
f rm s
o d a ll m t r i a l s n c e ssar y t
an a em ak d d p s i t i n p l ac t h
e c o ncr t o e an e o e e e e
c ul d th e c
e t o f l a b r d m at r i a l s r qu i r d t d d t h e was h co at o f n eat
os o an e e e o a
c me nt
e .
Sa i d l m p m s h a ll a l s i nc l u d t h c st o f a ll l ab o r d m at e r i a l s n e
u su o e e o an c
m an h l s t h cast i r o n wat r p i p
o e ,
e t h e v i tr i fi d gu t t r p i p e a d t h s ewe r p i p
e e, e e n e e
an d c nn ct i ns t
o th
e st r m wat r s w r
o o e o e e e .
Sa i d l u m p m s h a ll a l s i nc l d a ll n c ssar y b rac i ng f ev r y ki n d e
su o u e e e o e n c
e ssar y t p r p r ly r i n f rc t h n rt h a t wa ll f t h xi st i ng r s rvo i r d r
o o e e o e e o e s o e e e e u
I t i s i nt n d ed t h at t h e l m p m b i d s h a ll c v r t h nt i r c st f t h
e u su o e e e e o o e
c m p l t d struct r xc p t f t h e i t m f h au li ng d d p o s i t i ng t h m
o e e u e e e or e o an e e a
w ll s h a ll i nc l d t h c st f a ll l a b r t l s p l ant m ac hi n r y
e u e e o od m at e r i a l s o , oo , ,
e an
n c ss ar y t p r p r l y s h t ar un d t h p r p s d p i t ; xcavat t h m at r i a l
e e o o e ee o e o o e e e e e
an d l d sa m
oa a wag n t h r m ans f c nv y anc un wat r d k p t h e
e on o or o e e o o e e, e an ee
s i t f r f wat r m ak
e ee o d d p s i t a ll t h
e , c ncr e t d r i n f o rc i ng st e l a d
e an e o e o e an e e , n
p r vi do d dd t h
e an w at r p o fi g m at r i a l
a e d a p p ly t h e c m nt was h c a t s
e r o n e an e e o
-
.
Sa i d l m p m s h a ll a l s i nc l u d t h c st o f f urn i s hi ng d p l ac i ng t h
u su o e e o an e
cast i r n p i p o d c ll ars h r i n b e f r
e an m nt i o n d
o d t h e st e l m a n h l
e e o e e e an e o e
f ra m d c v r
e an d t h e n c ssar y l a d d r a ll as s h o wn
o e an th acc m p an yi ng
e e e , on e o
d ra w i gs n .
Sa m p le C o n t ra c t an d Sp e c i fic a t io n s 42 7
It i nt nd e d t h at t h l um p s m b i d s h a ll i nc lu d t h c st f t h
is e e m u e e o o e co
p l t d s ct i n w e ll i n acc r d anc w i t h t h
e e u o p l ans d s p c i ficat i ns w i t h t h
o e e an e o , e
e xc p t i n f h a li ng t h m at r i a l xcavat d d c nstruct i ng t h e t i m b r fl r
e o o u e e e e an o e oo .
( 0) H a u l i g a d D p i i
t g nE x c a v t d
n M t ia l — eA ll m at r i a l xcavat e d
os n a e a er e e
an d n o t r qu i r d f e b ac k fi lli ng s h a ll b
e or d r m ain t h p r o p rt y f th c i ty e an e e e o e
an d s h a ll b e h au l ed d d p s i t d at t h sit ans i t s se l ct d by t h e c i ty d
e o e e e or e e e an
as s p c i fi d by t h ng i n e r A ll m at r i a l h au l d s h a ll b e at t h p r i c nam d
e e e e e . e e e e e
by t h c ntract r d suc h p r i c s h a ll c v r t h nt i r c o st f h a li ng d d
e o o an e o e e e e o u an e
p ositi gi h n m at r i al at sa i d s i t e
e esit s or e .
Ti m b F l or — T h p r i c b i d b y t h c ntract r f t h t i m b r fl o r
er o . e e e o o or e e o s
s h a ll i nc l u d t h c st f a ll l a b r d m at r i a l s n c e ss r y t c nstruct t h
e e o o o an e e a o o e
t i m b e r fl rs i n c t h yoo r d e r d c nstr ct ed by t h e n g i n r
as e e are o e o u e ee .
( )
e E x t W o k — A ll w r k r d r d by t h ng i n rs d t i nc l u d d
ra r . o o e e e e ee an no e
un d e r y o f t h p r v i s h a d i ngs un d r t h p r i c s b i d b y t h c o ntract o r
an e e ou e or e e e e ,
an d w hi c h l gi ca lly c m e s un d r t hi c ntra t s h a ll b
o o paid f th b as i s
e s o c , e or on e
o f c o st p l us t h p rc nta g b i d by t h
e c ntra t r T h e c st f t hi s xtra
e e e e o c o . o o e
w r k s h a ll b e ca l cu l at d o t h b as i s f t h p r i c p a i d a ll l a b o r rs
o e n d f r m n
e o e e e an o e e
p r p rt i na l p art
o o o f th e nt i r a m o unt p a i d sa i d su p r i nt n d nt d t i m
o e e e e e an e
k p r t h at t h fi l d p y r ll f t h xtra w r k b ars t t h e nt i r fi l d p y
ee e e e a o o e e o e o e e e a
r ll f o t h d y t h at sa i d xtra w r k i s b i ng p r f r m e d T h e c st s h a ll
o r e a s e o e e o . o
a l s o i nc l d t h p r i c f y sm a ll t l s s ch as p i k h v l
u e e e o an d h a m m rs oo , u c s, s
‘
o e s an e
Sa i d xtra c st s h a ll i nc l u d t h c st f an y l u m b r h ar d war c m nt
e o e e o o e , e, e e ,
gr ve l o an y t h r m at r i a l us d d i nc r p rat d i n a i d xtra w r k T h
a r o e e e an o o e s e o . e
f r m n ngag d
o e e e s i d xtra w r k e on a e o .
Sa i d c st f xtra w r k s h a ll o t i nc l ud an y v r h a d carr yi ng g n ra l
o o e o n e o e e , ,
e e
or g n ra l fli xp ns
e e o ce e e e .
Th p rc nt ge dd d t th
e e c s t s h a ll c v r a ll r nta l f an y p l ant m
a e a e o e o o e e or , a
c t s h a ll i nc l d t h xp ns s f a ll r d i nar y r n wa l s
os u e e e r p a i rs m a d t
e e o o e e or e e o
th em ac hi n r y o q i p m nt d caus d b y t h
e r e u f th em ac hi n r y an d e e u se o e e an
e qu i p m nt whil e ct a lly us d
e sa i d xtra w r k
a u e on e o .
1 5 R e m o v l of U
. d M t e i l R b b i h e t — A ll unus d m at r i a l
a n u se a d r a , u s ,
c . . e e , an
t o th sup r i nt n d n t o f t h wat r w r k s
e e e e d i n acc o r d anc wi t h t h
e ci ty e o , an e e
l f t i n c n d i t i n t i s f ct o r y t r c i v w at r A ll w r k s h a ll b l f t i n
e a o o sa a o e e e e . o e e a
n at c l an d r d r ly c n d i t i n
e , e an o e o o .
4 28 A p p e n di x C
A PP E N D I X C
D R AW I N G S A S A B A SI S FO R SPE C I F I CATI O N W R I TI N G
PU M P I N G ST A TI O N
T h e f o ll o win g F i g ur e s 1 9 t o 2 4 inclusiv e a r e d ra w in g s f o r a wat e r
wo rks p u m p in g stati o n Sp e ci fi cati o ns m a y b e d ra w n f o r wo rk a n d
.
c o r d in g t o t h e f o ll o w in g sch e du l e
B u il din g.
E xcavati o n .
F o un dati o ns .
Co ncr e t e fl o o rs a n d walls .
Wo o de n fl o o rs .
B rick walls .
C u t st o n e .
R o o f t russ e s .
Ro o f .
Machin e fo un dati o ns .
Stair w ays .
R ailin g s .
Do o rs .
Win do w s .
Wainsc o tin g .
Tri m .
G utt e rs a n d do w ns po uts .
C hi m n e y.
Machin e ry .
S t e a m p i p in g .
Wat e r p i p in g .
S e w e r p i pin g .
B r e e ch i n g a n d s m o k e c o nn e cti o n .
B o il e r— 1 2 5 H P r e tu rn tub u lar
. . .
H e at e r
.
E n g in e— 5 0 H P si m p l e Co rliss
. . .
W A T ER PO W ER P L A NT
T h e f o ll o w in g F i g ur e s 2 5 t o 2 8 inclusiv e sh o w f o ur v i e w s o f a
v e rtical tu rbin e s ettin g w i th p lat e st e e l bulkh e a d ti m b e r pe n st o ck
,
Co ncr e t e
.
P lat e st e e l bulkh e a d a n d o th e r Wr o u g ht ir o n wo rk .
C ast i ro n .
Ti m b e r g at e s a n d o th e r ti m b e r wo rk .
G at e li f tin g d e vic e s
.
D ra w i n g s f o r S p e c i fi c a t i o n W r i t i n g 55
Fi g . 25 .
— Ve rt i ca l Tur bi n S tt i ng— S ct i na l E l evat i o n Th r g h W h ee l p i t
e e e o ou -
d B u lkh e a d
an .
4 56 A p p e n di x C
45 8 A p p e n di x C
D ra w in g s fo r Sp e c i fi c a t i o n W r i t in g
A6 0 Ap p e n di x C
”
/5 C l fl an ge d p /p e
Zr 2 b exa qo f w /
Fi g . 3 0—
. P l at e St e l A i r C h am b r
e e .
462 A p p e n di x C
Dr a w in g s f o r S p e c i fi c a t i o n W r it i n g 63
464 A p p e n di x C
Fi g . 34 . St l T rans m i ss i n L i n e P l —Excavat i n W o r k
— Str u ctura l ee o o e o ,
an d
Fi g . 3 6 —S wi tc h
. Bo ar d f o r T wo 5 00K .W D i r e ct Curr nt
. e Ge e o —
n rat rs Fu r
n i sh ing an d Er e ct i ng
.
D ra w i n g s f o r S p e c i fi c a t i o n W r i t i n g 46 7
” 2 # Z Al a /o r ” 2
Fi g . 37 .
— S wi tch Bo ar d f o r T wo 5 00K W A l t rnat i ng Curr ent
. . e Ge ne rat rs
o
Furn i s hi ng a d Er e ct i ng
n .
46 8 A p p e n dix D
A PP E N D I X D
B I B L I OG R A P HY O F SP E C I F I C AT I O N S
su l t e d
A bb r e v i at i o n
Eng i n e e r i ng N w s e Eng N w . e s
Eng i n e r i ng R c o r d
e e Eng R . . ec .
Ass c i at i n o o . A R E M W Ass n . . . . . .
’
Hau p t Pu bli s h d by J M St o d d ar d C o P hi l a d l p hi a
e . . .
,
e
Hau p t
Eng i n r i ng C ntrac t
ee d S p c i ficat i ns by J B J h ns o n Mc G
o s an w H ill B o o k
e o ,
. . o , ra -
C oN w Y rk
.
, e o J h ns n . . o o
B o o k Co Ne w Y o r k .
, Ostru p f
m ay b e n o t ed
T ransact i ns f t h e S c i e t y f Aut m bil e Eng i n rs
o o o o o o ee
Pr o f e ss i o na l Pa p e rs C r p s o f Eng i n e rs Un i t e d Stat s Ar m y
, o e ,
e
R e f e r e nc e t o T h e E n g i n e e ri n g N e ws a n d E n g i n e e ri n g R e c o r d a r e
u sua l l y g iv e n a s f o ll o w s : 1 9 1 3 —1 1 —6 7 2 — t h e fi rst n u m b e r r e f e rri n g
t o t h e y e ar , t h e s e c o n d i n d ica t i n g t h e v o l u m e o f that y e ar a n d t h e
last ivi n g t h e p a g e o n which t h e m att e r i s f o u n d I t sh o u l d b e
g .
n o t ed t hat r e f e r e nc e s i n p e r i o d i cals g iv e n as t ak e n f r o m t h e p r o c e ed
i n g s o f t h e Am e ri ca n So ci e t y f o r T e sti n g Ma t er i al s o r gi v e n i n a n y
v o l u m e o f t h e p u bl icati on s of that s o ci e ty m ay b e f ou n d i n t h e i r l at e s t
f o r m i n t h e lat e st Y e ar B o o k o f t h e So ci e ty .
470 A p p e n di x D
E le ct r c a i l
T rans A I E E 1 9 1 1
R u l es . . . . . .
, .
Mo t T rans A I E E 1 9 07
o rs . . . . . .
. .
I s l t o rs
n T rans A I E E 1 9 1 4
u a . . . . . . .
T rans m i ss i o n Li n s
“
e .
E xc v t i
a a on
F c s
en e
A R E M W Ass n 1 9 1 1 ’
. . . . . . .
Fi reP t ti ro ec on
B il di n g
u
Fi ep o of Co s t ru c t i o R e q i em e t Nat i na l F i r Pr te ct i n A s c
”
r r n n u r n s . o e o o s o .
Nat l B o ar d F i r Un d e r wr i t rs
’
e e .
B i l d i g C o de
u C c et e Co n t ct i o Nat l B ar d F i r Und r w r i t rs
.
on r n s ru n .
’
o e e e .
R ec o m m e d a t i o s p t i i g to Sl w B n i g o Mi l l C t ct i o n er a n n o urn n r on s r u n .
Nat l B ar d f F i r Un d rwr i t rs
’
o o e e e .
P um ps
c R ot y d S t m F i e P u m p Nat l B ar d o f Fi r e
Cen t r i f u g a l , E l ect r i , ar an ea r s .
’
o
Un d r wr i t rs N t s o n H y d rau li cs by I J O w n P b by T h I
e e , o e . . e .
~
u . e n su r
ance Pr ss N ew Y r k Cr s by F i s k Han d b k f F i r Pr o t ct i o n
e , o , o -
e oo o e e .
P b by I ns ranc F i e l d C
u . L u i sv ill K y u e o .
, o e,
Sp i kl
r n ers
F i r e Un d r wr i t rs e e .
T k
an s
P e s su r e
r d G a vi t y / Nat l B ar d o f F i re Un d e r wr i t rs
an r .
’
o e .
Wi i g r n
I u l a t io
ns Nat l B d F i r Un d r wr i t rs n .
’
. e e e .
H yd ts r an
J ur N E W Wk A ss n 1 9 1 2 Eng N ws A g 7 1 9 1 3 Jun 1 9 1 3
o . . . . s .
'
. . e , u .
, , e, .
S e H y d rants V l ve s “ ” “
e , a .
Iro n d Ste l
an e
Axl es P r c Am So . T st Mat 1 9 05 1 9 1 1 1 9 1 3
o . . c . e . .
, , , .
B oi l e P l t i ve t s t e e l
r T rans A S M E 1 9 02 1 9 03 1 9 04 1 9 1 4 Pr c
a e, r . . . . . .
, , , . o .
Am S c T e st Ma t 1 9 0 . 9 1 91 3 o . . .
, , .
B l om s o d B i l l et Am S T st Mat 1 9 1 3
an s . . oc . e . .
, .
1 91 0
’
En g r s, .
Ma l l e a b l e Ir on . T rans . So c Aut E . o n g r s,
’
1 91 0 .
P i g I r on . Pr o c . Am . So c . T e st M t . a .
, 1 909 .
I ro n an d St ee
—
l Co n t i n u e d .
R ai ls Carn g i e St l C Pa m p hl t Pr o c Am So c T es t Mat 1 9 06
. e ee o . e . . . . . .
, ,
1 90 7 1 90 9 1 91 5
,
Ste l Ra il s by Se l l ew ,
. e
”
.
R i f o ci g B a s
e n A R E M W Ass n 1 9 1 0 Tran s A S C E 1 91 0
r n r . . . . . .
’
,
. . . . . .
, .
Pr o c Am Soc T st Mat 1 9 1 1 1 9 1 2 1 9 1 3
. . . e . .
, , , .
c r
Sp l i e B a s d S y
t B o l t s — Pr o c Am So T e st Mat 1 9 07 1 9 09 1 9 1 3
an a . . c . . .
, , , .
Spr i g S t ee l
n Pr c Am S T t Mat 1 9 07 . o . . oc . es . .
, .
En g 1 91 0 S
’
I r n d St ee l Cast i ngs Ra il wa y s
r s, . ee
“
o an ,
” “
,
” “
.
S t on e Pr c A R E
. o . . . . M W . . Ass
’
n . Vo l . 9 an d Y e ar Boo k 1 91 1 . Se e
“
Mas nry o .
”
C oa l T a r Cr e oso t e A R E M W Ass n 1 9 1 0 . . . . . .
’
, .
L i n seed . Pr o c Am So T e st Mat 1 9 1 3
. . c . . .
, .
, . e O il s .
Pain t
P r e s e r va t i ve Co a t i n g s . Pr oc . Am . So c . T st Mat e . .
,
1 91 3 . T r ns a . So c .
A to u En g
’
r s, 1 91 1 . S ee
“
Pa i nt .
”
P a ve m en ts
Str ee t Ra il wa y Pav m nts Nat l Pavi ng B r i c k Mf g As n 1 9 1 1 As e e .
’
rs . s
’
, .
P i t t s b g En g C o nt A g 2 1 1 9 1 2 S a t t l e E n g C On t A g 9 1 9 1 1
ur . . . u .
, . e . . . u .
, .
Asp h l t a N e w J e se y. Eng R ec 1 9 1 2 N e w Yo k Ci t y H i g h w y Eu r . . .
, . r a
gi n e r i ng by M o rr i s n A m e r i can S M n i c i p a l Im p 1 9 1 1 P u b
e ,
"
o . oc . u .
, . .
B r i ck C h i ca g
. Eng N w s 1 9 1 0 N t l P v B r i c k M i gr A ss n W P
o . . e , . a
’
a . e .
’
. . .
B la i r S c y Pr o c Am So c M I m p vt
’
C l ev l
, d ,
Oh i e . 1 91 1 e an , o . . . . un . r .
, .
P u b by Mun i c i p a l J ur
. Y e ar bo k Am S T e st Ma t 1 91 3 o . o . oc . . .
Ma c a d m C h i cag o
a Eng N ews 1 9 1 0 N e w J e sey H i g h wa y Eng i n e er
. . .
, . r
“
Et c .
P l aste r i g n
O hi o .
Pi pe
C as t I r o nPr o c Am W W k As s n 1 9 08 1 9 1 2 Pr o c
. . . . s .
’
, ,
. . Am . So c . T st
e .
Ma t 1 9 04 S att l e Eng C o nt A g 2 1 9 1 1
.
, . e . . . u . , .
C onc e t Pr c Nat A s n C em nt Us e rs 1 9 1 1
r e . o . . s
’
e , .
Vi t i fi d
r Am S T e st Mat 1 91 4 Eng C o nt A g
e . . oc . . .
, .
‘
. . u . 1 9, 1 9 1 4 . I owa
St t D ra i n Ass n Eng N e w s 1 9 1 3
a e .
’
,
‘
. , .
4 72 A p p e n di x D
P i p e—C o n ti n ued .
Wo od S t a ve . Pr c o . Am . Ry . B r i d ge B d l g Ass n .
’
. 32d Ann R p t . e . Se e
“
Pi p e .
R a i l wa y s
Pr c A R E M W As s n 1 9 02 1 9 05 1 9 1 0
B a l la s t . o . . . . . .
’
, , , .
Ca Wh e e l
r Pr o c Am So T st Mat 1 9 05 1 9 1 3
s . . . c . e . .
, , .
Ca s Pr o c Mast e r Ca r B l d Ass n 1 9 1 1
r . . rs .
’
, .
F e c s A R E M W Ass n 1 9 1 1
n e . . . . . .
’
, .
F o g s a d S wi t c h es A R E M W Ass n 1 9 09 1 9 1 0
r n . . . . .
’
, , .
Se e I r o n a d S tee l
“
R a i ls . n .
R o l li g Sto k n Pr c Am So c T st Mat 1 9 04 c . o . . . e . . .
Si g a l nA R E M W Ass n 1 9 05—6—7
s . . . . . .
’
, .
Ti Pro c Am So T e st Mat 1 9 09
r es . . . c . . .
, .
T c k Co st c t i o
ra Eng N e w s 1 9 00 I I p 43 0 Se
n ru n . .
,
-
, . . e Ra il wa y s .
I ro a d S te l
“ " “
Ca s
”
r E tc
, n n e , .
R ef to y M t
r ac r i l a er a
Se we r s
Am eric n S a oc . Mu n . Im p v t . Mun i c . En g n g .
, 1 91 2 .
Si d e w lk
a C rbs s, t u an d G u t er s
Nat l Ass n C
’
m e nt Us e rs Eng N e w s 1 9 09 Eng C nt Jan 2 0 1 9 09
’
e . .
, . . o . . .
,
1 91 0 C i v il En g P o c k t B o k by Fr y e Eng i n r i ng “ “
F b 23e .
-
, . . e o , . ee
W r k i n T w ns d C i t i s b y M C l l g h S
o S w rs Nat l
o an e , c u ou . ee e e .
” ’
Ass n C m nt Us rs E g C nt Jan 2 0 1 9 1 1 C i v il E g
’
e e P ck t e .
l n : o . .
, . n rs . o e
B ok Fr y Eng i n r i ng wo r k i n T w ns
o , d Ci ti s eM C l l gh
. ee o an e . c u ou .
S S i d wa lk
ee
“
e .
Si g n l a s
A R E. M W Ass n 1 9 05 —6—7 S Ra il wa y s
. . . .
’
, . ee .
Ti m b er
Ti e Eng N w s 1 9 1 1 —I I p 4 3 0 A R E
s . M W Ass n 1 9 06 S
. e , . . . . . . .
’
, . ee
Ti m b r
“
e .
T rans mi i Li ss o n ne
V l ves —Se
, .
a H y d rants e
“
.
”
Wire
Co p p cr T e st M t 1 9 09
H a r d d r a wn . Pr c o . Am . Soc . . a .
, .
Al m i u m Y ar Bo k A m Soc T st Mat 1 9 1 0
nu . e o . . . e . .
, .
I s la t e d
n u Pr c A I E E 1 9 1 1 Pr R y S i gna l Ass n V l 8
. o . . . . .
, . oc . .
’
, o . .
B on d i g C p p r C l a d Pr oc R y S i gna l A n V l 9 See W i r
n . o e . . . ss
’
, o . .
“
e .
Wi r i g Se F i r e Pr o t ec t i o n
n . e
“
.
Zi P nn R R So Aut E g
nc . e V l 6 Pr c Am S T es t Mat
. . . c . o n rs . o . . o . . oc . . .
,
1 91 1 .
4 74 A p p e n di x D
As p h l t — se e
a i tu m e n B
Axl —se e
.
es I ro n a n d St e e l “
.
B ll a t R a il w y
as , a
Sp ifi t io
ec R p rt A R Eca ns . e o . . . M W Ass n . .
’
. Eng N e ws .
,
1 9 03 1 —
2 85 .
Stan d ar d s in Un i t ed St t s Cana d a
a e ,
an d M xi c e o . Eng N e ws . , 1 9 00 —I I
1 42 .
R o a d b e d b a ll ast R p rt o f c o m m i tt e e m at r i a l s d f o r m f cr ss
. e o ,
e an o o
s e ct i n Pr o c A R E o M W Ass n 1 9 02 V 01 3 p 1 2 8
. . . . . . .
’
, , .
.
, . .
B a ll ast i ng R e p rt f c m m i tt e s p e c i ficat i o ns f
. m at r i a l s do o o e or e an
cr ss s ct i n f st o n e gr a v l c i n d e rs b urnt c l a y s h e ll s Pr o c
o -
e o or ,
e , , , .
’
A R E . M W Ass n 1 9 05 V l 6 p 7 3 4 ; 1 9 06 V o l 7 p 8 3
. . . .
’
, ,
o . , .
, . , . .
R v i s d — f o b a ll ast s p e c i ficat i o ns Pr c A R E
e e r M W Ass n . o . . . . . .
’
,
1 91 0 Vo l
, . 1 1 , p . 9 07 .
Ba ll oo n
A S M E 1 9 08 V o l 3 0 p 6 8 9
. . . .
, , .
, . .
B ar g se
w rk Eng C o nt Ap r 2 4 1 9 1 2 p 4 5 7
o . . . , . , , . .
B ea r i g s —se e I r o n d St e e l ; A ll o y s
n
“
an
” “
.
”
Be l ts
L e at h e r d r i v i ng b l ts Wat r p w e r l ctr i c p l ant at Aust i n T xa s e . e o e e , e .
J o h ns o n p 2 4 5 , . .
i
B tum en
C n f us i o n f T r m s As p h a l t
o d P i tc h i n S p e c i fic t i o s by C G
o e an
“
a n , . .
At w at r Eng N e ws 1 9 08—1 —6 3 9
e . .
, .
N e w s 1 9 1 2 —1 1 ,
S p c i ficat i ns f o r bi tu m i n us r a d bi n d rs Pa p r b e f r e F i rst C o
e o o o e . e o n
gr e ss o f R o a d B u il d rs by A B F l tc h e r Eng C nt S p t 1 e , . . e . . o e .
,
1 9 09 , p . 1 85 .
S p e c i ficat i ns o o f Ne w Y r k Stat e H i g h wa y D e p rt m nt
o a e fo r B i tu m i n o u s
C nt A g 1 9 1 9 1 4 p 1 9 3
o .
, u .
, , .
S e al so Pav m e nts O il s ” “
e e , .
B it m i n
u C c te Pl t
ou s on re an
1 9 1 4, p . 3 25 .
B i b l i o gra p h y o f S p e c i fi c a t io n s 475
i
B o l ers
Un i t ed St t s g v rn m nt nava l s p c i ficat i ns
a e o e e e o . Eng N . ew s , 1 8 9 9 —I~
1 5 , 1 83 .
S p c i ficat i ns
e at r t b b il rs f St Lo u i s M Eng N ws
o for w e u e o e or .
, o . . e ,
1 8 9 4— 1— 1 5 1 ; 1 8 9 6—II —2 8 0 3 1 5 330 , , .
Un i f r m i t y i n p e c i ficat i ns f o m ar i n e b o il rs R p rt t o t h Am
o s o r e . e o e .
Sp c i ficat i ns f
e h r iz nta l tu b u l ar d b il r q u i p m nt D u m m y
o or o o an o e e e .
f rm
o Us f ul i n m a k i ng p s p c i ficat i ns f tu b u l ar b il rs t
. e u e o or o e o
g e t h r w i t h s tt i ngs P w r D
e 1 9 05 p p 728 729 e . o e ,
ec .
, , . , .
bl an k f r m c o nv n i nt f o g n ra l e T h Eng i n r Ju ly 1 5
o ,
e e r e e us . e ee , ,
1 9 02 , p p . 5 1 4, 5 1 5 .
Un i f r m s p c i ficat i ns f b il rs R c m m e n d at i ns f t h e A m r
o e o or o e . e o o o e .
—
. .
,
pp 2 3 3. 236 .
i t e m s o f gr e at st va l u e t t h o s e w h e ngag d i n p rat i ng
e o o a re e o e
Eng i n e e r i ng Jun 1 9 00 p p , e, , .
B il rs
o e N w O r l ans La
. J h ns n D 4 09
e e , . o o , . .
Wat r tu b u l ar b o il rs a n d s tt i ngs St L o u i s Mo J o h ns n p 2 9 6
e e e . . , . o , . .
Se e a l s St e a m P l ant o
“
.
”
Br i k
c
N w s 1 9 09 —1 1 —5 6
e , .
S p c i ficat i ns f C m m n d V i tr i fi d B r i c k d La yi ng Sa m i n
e o or o o an e an e
St L u i s M by W W H rn r Eng C nt S p t 1 3 1 9 1 1 p 2 8 6
. o , o .
, . . o e . . o .
,
e .
, , . .
Pr p s e d stan d ar d s p ec i ficat i ns f b u il d i ng d p av i ng b r i c k Pr c
o o o or an . o .
Am S T e st Mat V l 1 3 1 9 1 3 p 2 8 6
. oc . . . o . , , . .
S ee a l s Pav m nt o
“
e e .
Br idg eh G l d D ta il
en er a an e s
Sp ifi
ec ti f
ca th D s i gn f B rid g s
on s d Su b w a y s b y H B S
or e e o e an , . . ea
m n a C v e rs l a d i ng str e ss e s d ta il s f un d at i ns t
. o , Trans o , , e , o o ,
e c . .
A S C E V l 75 1 91 2 p 31 3
. . . .
, o .
, , . .
C m p an y ) H i g h w a y B r i d g s p p 1 3 —2 5 ; Ra il r a d B r i d g s p p 2 6
o . e , . o e , .
3 6 ; P l at G i r d rs p p 3 7 —4 2 N t
e A d a p t d f r m G n ra l Sp i fi
e , . . o e : e o e e ec
ca t i o ns f St l Ra il r a d B r i d g s 1 9 1 0 f A R E
or ee M W A ss n o e ,
'
, o . . . . .
’
.
St l by Ostru p Pag s 4 3 —5 3
ee , . e .
I ns p e ct i n Pa i nt i ng o d Er ct i n , Stan d ar d S p c i ficat i ns f by an e o , e o o r,
Ostru p Pag e s 5 4 5 7 .
-
.
476 A p p e n di x D
Br i d g —G n e ra l a d D ta il s C t i d
e e n e on n ue .
A m r i can B r i d g C
e f N w Y rk G n ra l d iti n 1 9 1 3 e o o e o e e e o
—
. . , .
B id g
r e H ighw y e a ~
R l at i n f B r i d g S p c i ficat i ns t o H i g h wa y I m p r v m nt Pa p r
e o o e e o o e e . e
b e f r I d Eng S c by Pr f A S m i t h Eng R
o e n . 1 91 1—.1—83 o . , o . . . . ec .
, .
C i rcu l ar 1 00 1 9 1 3 , .
E d i t o r i a l Eng R e c 1 9 1 3 —I I—2 5 5 . .
, .
St e l hi g h wa y b r i d g s
e d v i a d ucts A m e r i can B r i d g e C m p an y e an . o .
J h ns n p 4 3 3
o o , . .
B ri d g s S p c i ficat i ns f o t h e su p rstructur e f t h B l ac k we ll s ’
e . e o r e o e
ci l f a tur s Eng R ea V l 4 8 A g 2 2 1 9 03 p p 2 2 2 —
e . 224 . ec .
, o .
, u .
, , . .
by Mr C o p r f sus p e ns i o n b r i d g o ve r Hu d s n R i v r at Ne w
. o e or e o e
Y r k C i t y Eng N w s V l 3 3 Mar 7 1 8 9 5 p p 1 5 9 1 6 0
o . . e , o .
, .
, , .
,
.
R o a d s Eng R e c .
—1 1 —3 05 . . .
,
S p c i ficat i o ns f R p l ac i ng W o d F l r w i t h R i n f rc d C ncr t f
e or e o oo e o e o e e or
H i g h w a y B r i d g s b y L C S m i t h Eng C o nt F b 1 4 1 9 1 2 p 1 7 9 e , . . . . .
,
e . , , . .
G n e ra l s p c i ficat i ns f
e c ncr t e a d st e e l b r i d g e wo r k o f t h 1 1 1
e o or o e n e .
l u m b us O hi S p c i ficat i ns f w r k a d m t i l Eng C nt
, o . e o or o n a er a s . . o
Jun 3 1 9 1 4 p p 3 09 6 4 3
e ,
.
, .
S ee a l s o C ncr t e o e .
B id g
r es, M ta l R il w y e , a a
B ri d g s p e c i ficat i ns f t h B a l t i m r
e d O hi o R R Eng N w s
o o e o e an . . . e ,
1 89 4 I—4 08 ; 1 8 9 5 —I I —3 6 5 ; 1 8 9 6—
-
I—3 9 2 .
1 75 .
N w s 1 89 7 —I I—3 6 3
e , .
S p c i ficat i ns f st l f ra il w a y b r i d g s D ra w n p by G
e o or H ee or e . u eo . .
Th m p s n f r m r l y b r i d g ng i n r f N w Y r k C e ntra l R R
o o , o e e e ee o e o . .
,
c v r d i fii l t i i n t h w y f b ta i n i ng su i ta bl m at r i a l s t e
o e cu es e a o o e e a r a
s o na bl co st Eng N w s Ma y 3 1 1 8 9 4 p 4 4 6
e . . e , , , . .
S p c i ficat i o ns f b r i d g e v r t h M i ss i ss i p p i r i v r at R c k I s l an d
e or o e e e o ,
I ll Eng N w s 1 8 9 6—I—4 07
. . e , .
N e w s 1 89 5 I—1 4 5 1 5 9 1 7 6
,
-
, , .
S p e c i ficat i ns f B l ac k w ll s I s l an d b r i d g N w Y rk Eng N ws ’
o or e e, e o . . e ,
1 90 3 —II —1 1 3 2 02 4 4 2 , , .
4 78 A p p e n dix D
B r i d g Ti m b e r—C o t i d
e, n n ue .
S p e c i ficat i ns f o r m e ta lli c d ta il s us d i n wo o d n b r i d g e s a
o e e e n d tr e t l es s .
C m m i tt R p o rt A R E
o ee M W Ass n 1 9 06 V o l e . . . . . .
’
, , . 7, p . 692 ;
1 91 0 , Vol . 1 1 , p . 1 78 .
B r i d g e d T r st l W r k Hau p t p 1 7 3
an e e o .
, . .
Se e a l s o Ti m b e r “
.
Bron z
e
— s e A ll
e oys
“
.
Bu il d i g n
Nat i na l A s i t i
o f B u il d rs ) R f r nc : E l ctr i c L i g h t i ng
s oc a on
‘
o e . e e e e e
B u il d i ng c d f th C i t y o f Ne w Y o r k t h at rs a d o p er a h u s es
o e o e e e n o :
F i r e Un d e r w r i t e rs e t ) R e f e e c : I nsuranc Eng i n r i ng V o l
i
,
c . r n e e ee , .
21 pp 2,
9 8 — 3 07 N o t e : F o r var i o us ru l s r gu l at i ns d e m
. . e , e o an r co
, se e o e .
S p c i ficat i o ns f
e i l h us e s ( A d o p t d by I n d p n d nc e I ns p ct i o n
or o o . e e e e e
B ur e u o f P hil a d e l p hi a )
a R e f r nc : I nsuranc Eng i n e r i ng V l . e e e e e ,
o .
21 , p . 444 .
Mun i c i p a l b u il d i ng l a ws i n t h e Un i t e d Stat e s C m p ar d by R . o e .
N e w s 1 9 1 3 —I I—9 , .
d w it s f
er difi
r e t f o rm s
er f b u il d i ng c nstruct i o n a d fi
or p er n o o n re ro
t ti n
ec pum ps
o a p p li a c s t
, R f e r nc Han d b k f F i r
,
n e , e c . e e e : oo o e
Pr o t ct i o n f I m p r o v d R i s k s b y Cr s by F i s k Pr ss f Stan d
e or e , o e . e o
ard P u b Co B st o n Mass . .
, o , .
B u il d i ng r d i nanc e o f t h C i t y f C hi cag
o ( Pass d by t h c i t y c un e o o . e e o
c il D e 5 ,
R f r e nc : Han d b k f Arc hi t e cts d B u i l d
c . , e e e oo or an
ci a t io n . Vol . 1 6, 1 9 1 3, p . 67 .
C om l t s p c i ficat i ns f a f ra m e d w lli ng
p e e e I nt rnat i na l L ib rar y o or e . e o
f T ch no l g y V l 3 3 s ct 2 3 p 1
”
o e o , o .
, e . , . .
R p rt
e o Un i f r m S p c i ficat i ns f Bu il d i ngs by W m B B a m f r d
on o e o or , . . o .
t i o ns h e l p f u l i n w r i t i ng a g d s p c i ficat i n B r i c k B u il d r De oo e o . e ,
c .
1 9 09 , V o l . 1 8, p p . 257 —2 5 9
H i g h s rv i c p u m p i ng stat i o n N 3 St L u i s Mo J o h n s n p 2 6 7
e e o . , . o ,
. o , . .
Eng i n h o us St L o u i s Wat r W r k s J o h ns o n p 3 04
e e, . e o .
, . .
Pa s e ng e r d p t B a l t i m o re
s P o t m ac R R W s hi ngt o n Hau p t
e o . o . .
, a , ,
p . 1 24 .
C nstruct i o n
o o f mo l l e ge b u il d i ng . P e nns yl van i a Hau p t , , p . 1 1 0 .
B ib l i o g r a p h y o f S p e c i fi c a t io n s 479
B u il d i ng—C o t i d n n ue .
p . 1 83 .
si t i R f rs Ass n ) R f r nc
on oo Han d b k f Arc hi t cts d
e
’ ’
. e e e e : oo or e an
B u il d e rs V o l 1 6 1 9 1 3 p 3 02 , .
, , . .
M o d e rn p l u m bi ng s p c i fic t i ns us d w rk d n n d r t h su p e r e a o e on o o e u e e
B u il d i ng M c h an i cs R e a d y R e f r nc e b y R i c h y ( P l u m b e rs
’
Th e e e e , e ,
St e a m F i tt e rs d Ti nn e rs E d i t i n ) pp 428 45 0
’
an
’
o , .
-
.
gr v p p 6 5 —8 4
o e, . .
1 89 2 1 ——2 9 1 .
C l e v l an d O r gu l at i ns d s p c i ficat i ns f
e , .
,
e o an e o or r i n f o rc
e ed c ncr t
o e e .
Eng N w s 1 9 1 2 —1 —9 9 3 05
. e , , .
1 9 05 , V o l . 51 , p . 371 .
Ca bl e, S p si us en on
Sp c i fi ca t i
e f sus p e ns i n ca bl e D r w n p by M r L L B uc k f o
on s or o . a u . . . r
e w East R i v e r b r i d g e
n Extract s c v r m anu f actur d r ti n . o e e an e ec o
o f wi r w r k p ro p r
.
Eng R
e V l 40 N v 1 8 1 89 9 pp 5 7 3
o e . . ec .
, o .
, o . , . ,
,
574 .
Se e a l s o T rans m i s i n L i n s o e.
Ca i sso n s
A S C E 1 89 2 V l 2 7 p 2 1 8
. . .
, o .
, . .
C ana l L ck o s
C t st o n e m as nr y at Sau l t St
u Mar i Eng N ws 1 8 9 5 —1 1 —1 9 4—2 3 8
o e . e . . e , .
1 8 9 9 —I 3 9 3 —3 9 6 .
v l ve d Eng N w s 1 9 1 2 —I I—8 6 1
o . . e , .
Eng N ws 1 8 9 7 —1 —3 6 0 3 6 7
. . . .
. e , , .
C a t i r n wh l s f o s ixt y i g h t y d
s o h un d r e d t h usan d p un d
ee r , e an on e o o
cars Eng Ne ws 1 9 04—I 6 1 4 ; 1 9 04—1 1 —9
. .
,
-
.
S p e c i ficat i o ns f o C I wh e l a d p t d b y Mast r C B u il d rs
r . . e s o e e ar e
’
As s n Eng N e ws 1 9 09 —1 1 —1 1 2
’
. . , .
65 9 .
4 80 A p p e n di x D
C rs —C o t i d
a n n ue .
S tan d ar d s p c i ficat i ns f C I wh l s Pr c A m S c T st
e o or . . ca r ee . o . . o . e .
Mat V o l 5 1 9 05 p 6 5
.
, . , , . .
Pr o p o s d stan d ar d s p c i ficat i ns f f rg d
e d r ll d f o rg d o e o or o e an o e , e , r
r o ll d s li d ste e l wh e l s f o ng i n truc k t n d e r a n d p a se ng r
e o e r e e , e s e
su b wa y d e l e vat d R y s rv i c e P r c Am S T st Mat V l
an e . e . o . . oc . e . .
, o .
1 1 ,
1 91 1 , p . 55 .
Sa m e f o f r i g h t s rv i c Sa m p 5 9
r e e e . e, . .
G n d l a cars
o o E m p i r e T rans p rtat i n C m p an y Hau p t p 2 01
. o o o , , . .
p . 1 98 .
B x cars
o E m p i r T rans p rtat i n C m p an y Hau p t p 1 9 2
. e o o o , , . .
, . , , . . o e o s
m e n d e d p ract i c e .
C ti n g s
as
Sp c i fi c t i
e s f m a ll e a bl
a cast i ngs ( C L Su lli van ) Eng N ws
on or e . . . . e ,
1 89 7 —1 —2 4 7 .
S p c i ficat i ns f
e f un d r y cast i ngs
o (J I C s Eng N e w s
or o _ . . a e .
,
1 8 9 8—II —2 2 0 .
i ng R y C b y R b rt J b Eng N e w s 1 9 04—1 —2 5 3
. o .
,
o e o . .
, .
I—5 8 4 .
S p c i ficat i o ns
e fo r p ig ir n o an d cast i ngs sa m p li ng c l aus , e . Eng N . ew s ,
1 9 04 —I 559 -
.
S p c i ficat i o ns f f un d r y su p p li
e (J 1 Cas e Eng N ws
or o es . . . e ,
1 9 02 — II —1 8 4 .
T st M at V l 5 1 9 05 p 7 1
e . .
, o .
, , . .
S p c i ficat i ns f
e a l u m i nu m cast i ngs Pr o c Am S
o T e st Ma t
or . . . oc . .
Y ar B k 1 9 1 0
e oo , .
i n a m n d d f o r m by l e tt r b a ll o t o f t h e A m r S f o T st i ng Ma
e e e e . oc . r e
t i ls S p t
er a R f r nc s D i g st— “C i vil Eng i n rs P oc k e t
e . e e e e : e ee
B ok o by Fr y p 4 9 8 P r o c Am S f T e st i ng Mat e r i a l s V o l
, e, . . . . oc . or , .
5 pp 7 1 —
, 7 4 ; al s . 1 9 1 3 Y ar B o k p p 1 9 1 1 9 4 o e o , .
-
.
So f Aut m bil
c . o Eng i n e rs 1 9 1 0 R f e r nc : T rans o f t h e
o o e e , . e e e .
S oc f Aut m bil
. o Eng i n rs V l 5 p p 1 6 8—1 7 5 N o t : F o r
o o e ee , o .
, . . e
n t s d i nstruct i ns r e f rr i ng t o a b v e sa m V o l p p 1 7 6
o e an o e o e, s e e .
, .
2 02 .
4 82 A p p e n di x D
C em e —
nt C o n t i n u ed .
t i o ns o f Eng i n e e rs R e f r e nc e s : Pract i ca l C m e nt T e st i ng b y . e e ,
T a yl o r p 3 08 , . .
Un i te d S t at e s Ar m y stan d r d s p e c i ficat i o ns f o ( R c a b o ut 1 9 02 by a r. e .
i n t h Eng i n e e r D e p t U S Ar m y ) R e f e r e nc e s : Pr f e ss i na l P
e . . . . o o a
p e rs N o 2 8 C o r p s o f Eng i n e e rs U
. S Ar m y ; Pract i ca l C e m nt
, . . e
T st i ng by T a yl o r p 3 03
e , , . .
Stan d ar d m e t h o d o f t e st i ng a d s p ec i ficat i o ns f o P rt l an d ( R co m n r o . e
d i an So c C E V o l 2 3 p p 5 6—
. 71 . . , . .
1 9 1 3 Y e ar B o o k pp 2 5 4 —2 86 N o t e : A b o ve b o k c nta i ns a ll , . . o o
nu m b e r .
O fii s in 1 9 0
ce r 1 a n d us e d by t h e Eng i n r D e p t f t h e U S Ar m y
, ee . o . . .
J o h ns o n p 5 1 5 , . .
S tan d ar d c m nt as us e d by t h e U e S R e c l a m at i o n S e rv i c e E g
e . . . n .
N e ws 1 9 1 3 —I—5 6 2, .
R e c o m m e n d e d c h ang s i n P o rt l an d c e m e nt s p c i ficat i ns B y B ur au e e o . e
o f Sc i e nc e o f t h e P h ili p p i n e I s l an d s Eng N e w s 1 9 1 3 —1 —2 9 8 . . , .
298 .
P o rt l a n d c m e nt S p e c i ficat i o ns f l e a d i ng art i c l es f sa m
e . P or o e . re
p ar d by H e Vo Sc h n f b t h q u i c k s e tt i ng d s l o w s tt i ng n o or o an e
- -
.
c e m e nt Eng R V o l 3 9 Mar 1 1
. 1 89 9 p 3 3 2 . ec .
, .
, .
, , . .
P o rt l an d c e m nt B r i t i s h stan d ar d s p ec i ficat i ns f o
e ( A d o p t d by
. o r . e
Eng i n r i ng Stan d ar d s C m m i tt e e f G r at B r i ta i n
ee N v 23 o o e on o .
,
Eng N e w s V o l 5 3 Mar 2 1 9 05 p p 2 2 7 —2 2 8 .
, .
, . , , . .
M d e l s p e c i ficat i o ns n d t e sts f
o ( A d o p t d by t h e B ur au f Eng i a or. e e o
n e r i ng V o l 1 9 Ju ly 1 9 00 p p 1 8—2 0
e , .
, , , . .
pp . 2 7 4—2 7 7 .
P o rt l n d c m nt S m c o m p ar i s o ns o f stan d ar d s p e c i ficat i o ns f
a e e . o e or
t e st i ng by Dur y e e C h m i st Ca li f rn i a P o rt l an d C m nt C o C o n
, ,
e o e e .
c o m p o s i t i o n a d c o m p ar e s sa m e w i t h s p ec i ficat i o ns o f o t h e r c un
n o
tr i e s Eng N e ws V o l 4 7 Jan 9 1 9 02 p p 2 3 2 4
. .
, .
, .
, , . , .
l
De w ea ar Lac k a w anna
,
W e s t rn R R Eng N w s 1 9 1 3 —I —1 85 e . . . e , .
C em e nt — Co n t i d nue .
B r i t i s h a d A m e r i can stan d ar d s c o m p ar e d
n . R W L s l y Eng N
. . e e , ew s ,
—
.
1 905 1 1 —5 2 3 .
Eng R c 1 9 1 0—1 —8 1 9. e .
Ch i s
a n
Wr ug h t i r n c h a i ns P nns yl van i a ra il r a d c
o o . e o om p an y . J h ns o n
o ,
p . 234 .
Ch i l
em ca s
M is c e ll an e ous S o ap s d C h em i ca l s by R H s e Ab stract f P e nn
, an , . o . o
d C o m m i tt e
ar R f e r e nc : T rans f t h So c o f Aut m bil
e , e e . o e . o o e
Eng i n rs V l 6 p p 4 00—4 4 5 ee . o .
, . .
C l d C k
oa an o e
Sp e ci fi c t i s a d P r 0p a 1 fo onS hi p p i ng C a l by J E W o o d w l l
n o sa r o , . . e .
Pr o c Am S c T st Mat V o l 7 1 9 07 p 5 5 4
. . o . e . .
, .
, , . .
T h e Purc h as e o f C o a l by D T Ran d a ll Sa m p li ng s l ct i n d , . . . e e o an
n o te s s p e c i ficat i o ns T rans A S M E 1 9 1 1 p 3 1 3
on . . . . .
, . .
Un i f r m a l s p c i ficat i ns C hi cag B ar d o f P b W k
o co e Eng R o ,
o o u . s . . ec .
,
1 91 0—1 1 —4 7 5 .
C k sp c i fi t i n s d t st i ng Eng N e w s 1 9 1 2 —1 —6 5 7
o e, e a o an e . . , .
C c t
on re e
R p rt f j i nt c m m i tt e e
e o c ncr e t e d r i n f o rc e d c ncr e t
o o ( E di o on o an e o e .
.
t r t a l ) Eng N e ws V o l 6 9 p 2 7 3
o . . . . , . .
p . 228 .
p . 328 .
o f Pu bli c R a d s Eng R c V o l 6 8 p 3 05 o . . e .
, .
, . .
Pr p s d stan d ar d s p e c i ficat i o ns f
o o e arc hi t ctura l c ncr t st n e or e o e e o .
( Su b m i tt d by C m m f Nat Ass n C m nt Us rs i n
’
e Ref o . o . e e e
e re n ce s :Eng i n r i ng W o r k i n T w n d C i t i e s by M C l l g h ee o an , c u ou ,
2 d e d i tio n p f 2 3 9 , .
Vol . 69 , 1 9 1 3, pp . 1 20—1 2 2 .
Ge n ra l S p e c i ficat i ns f C
e o or o ncr t B r i d g s by W J Wats n C rr
e e e , . . o , o
su i t i ng Eng i n e r 8 2 p ag e . e s 5 00 A d d r ss M A V i ns n Caxt o n
, . e . . o ,
B ld g C l v l an d 0
.
,
e e , .
G e n ra l S p e c i ficat i o ns f
e C or o ncr t e e an d R i n f rc e d C ncr t e I nc l u d
e o o e ,
b y D Van N stran d C o
. o .
484 A p p e n di x D
C ncr t — C o t i d
o e e n n ue .
, e e e e , e , . e
2 d e d i ti o n p 2 4 7 Pr o c o f t h e Nat l Ass n o f C e m e nt Us rs V l 4 ’ ’
, . . . e , o .
,
pp . 1 85 —1 93 .
H ill B o k C m p an y ) p p 7 5 —9 3 o o , . .
r i n f rc m nt ( A d p t i n r c m m e n d d by C m m
e o e e . Mas nr y o f o o e o e o . on o
A R E . M W Ass n
. . R f r nc e s : Wa ll s B i ns G ra i n
. .
’
, e e e ,
E l e vato rs by K e tc h u m 2 d d i t i n p p 5 2 0—5 2 5 ; Pr o c A R E , e o , . . . . .
M V Ass n V o l 1 1 p art 2 p p 9 6 2 —9 6 7 ; 1 9 1 1 Y ar B o o k p p 1 8 8
. .
, .
, , . e , .
m n d e d Pract i c e f o r D s i gn i ng R e i n f o rc d C ncr t
e Structur s e e o e e e
( a d p t i n r e c m m e n d e d by c m m i tt f A R E M W Ass n ’
o o o o ee o . . . . . ,
u l a f R e c m m n d e d Pract i c
o f t h e ab o v
o ass c i at i n e e o e o o ,
tur s by E rn e st Mc C u l o g
e ,
l h Eng N s 1 9w 1 3 —I— 2 82 u . . e ,
.
A S C E Am S T e st Mat A R E
. . . .
,
M W Ass n a d A . oc . . .
, . . . . .
’
,
n .
A P o rt l an d C e m e nt M f g s Eng N ws 1 9 1 3 —1 —2 5 8
. r . . e , .
R i n f o rc d c ncr t r gu l at i ns f N w Y r k c i t y n d f C l v l an d
e e o e e e o or e o a or e e ,
Ohi Eng N e ws 1 9 1 2 —1 —9 8 t se q
o . . , e .
S p c i ficat i ns f o fl rs Eng N w s 1 8 9 5 —1 —1 8 9
e o r oo . . e ,
.
G r m an s p c i ficat i ns f
e d s i gn c nstru t i ng
e d t st i ng f o or e , o c an e o co n
cr t e structur s L L M i i ff Eng N e w s 1 9 05 —1 1 —4 7 8
e e . . . o s se . .
, .
B l ck s
o S p c i fic t i ns f
,
Nat l Ass n C m e nt Us e rs Eng N ws
e a o or .
’ ’
e . . e ,
Manu f ctur e f f o r h ll w w a ll s F W H g l k E g N e w s 1 9 05
a o , o o , . . a oc . n .
,
I—4 4 0 .
C o ncr t s l a b s s p e c i ficat i ns f
e e Eng N w s ,
o or . . e , 1 91 0—1 —4 4 3 .
S p e c i ficat i ns d m t h d s f t st Eng N w s 1 9 1 2 —1 —5 5 7
o an e o o e . . e ,
.
R o a d s En g R c 1 9 1 3 —II —3 05
. . e .
,
.
s i st nc y f c ncr t Eng N w s 1 9 02 —I I 2 8 5
e o o e e . . e -
.
Illi n i s C e ntra l Ra il r o a d b r i d g s
o d cu l v rts Eng N e w s 1 9 01 e an e . . ,
I I—4 4 .
R p rt A R E
e o M W Ass c i at i o n E g N w s 1 9 02 —I 2 4 6 ;
. . . . . o . n . e ,
-
1 903—1 —2 7 4 , 2 8 4 .
R s e rv i r li n i ng Aur ra 1 1 1 Eng N w s
e o , o , . . e , 1 9 02 —1 —4 2 3 .
Pr p rt i n i ng c ncr t U S Nav y D p t
o o o o e e . . . e . Eng N . ew s , 1 9 1 2— I I—2 01 .
4 86 A p p e n di x D
C ur b —S ee Sid ew a l k Cur b , an d Gu tt r e .
D am s
Wac h us tt e d am , de ta il s o A D F li nn Eng N w s 1 9 00—1 1 —1 7 7
f . . . . . e ,
.
T h e N e w K e n s i co D a m ( m as nr y d m ) by A D F li nn
o Eng R a , . . . . ec .
,
1 9 1 2 —I 7 7 2 — .
S e rv i c e Eng R c 1 9 1 3 —1 —1 2 0 . . e .
, .
Ne w r e gu l at i ns g v rn i ng t h e d e s i gn d c o nstruct i n
o f d am s N w o e an o o . e
J W H l m an Eng C nt No v 1 3 1 9 1 2 p 5 4 7
. . o . . o .
, .
, , .
Sep t 1 8 1 9 1 2 p 3 2 8
. , , . .
p . 1 30 .
Hau p t , p . 71 .
C ntract
o . No . 5 So u g h b o r o u g h ,
o f th e Bo st n Wat r wo r k s
o e . J hno
so n , p . 358 .
S p c i fic t i ns f t h Arr w R c k d m U S R c l a m at i n S rv i c e
e a o or e o o a . . e o e .
Eng N e ws 1 9 1 3 —I—1 1 8
.
, .
S e als C ncr e t “
e o o e
D i g —
.
Excavat i n “
Ti l —e
ra n a e se e o .
D ira n Pipe
e s e
“
.
”
E t hw
ar k — e Excavat i n
or se
“
o
l —G
.
El tr i
ec ca l en er a
o f T ch B ranc h o f A I E E
e D i scuss s t h e r e l at i n o f p e c i fi
.
, . . . . e o s ca
t i ns t c ntracts a d m att rs r l at d g iv i ng t h r
o o o xa m p l s f n e e e , ee e e o
s p c i ficat i o ns Pr o c A I E E Se p t 1 9 1 1 V l 3 0 N 9
e . . . . . .
, .
, ,
o .
, o . ,
pp . 2 02 9 —2 04 7 .
Stan d ar d iz at i o n ru l s o f t h A I E E ( As a p p r v d Jun e 2 7 e e . . . . o e ,
R f e r e nc e s T rans o f t h e A I E B V o l 3 0 Part 3 p 2 5 3 9
e : . . . . , . , , . .
N t : Pr li m i nar y d ra f t f r v i s e d ru l s p r i nt e d i n N v 1 9 1 3
o e e o e e o .
, .
A d d r ss 3 3 W 3 9 t h St N Y
e , . . .
am end d F b R f r nc s : E l e ctr i c L i g h t i ng Sp i fi
e e . , e e e e ec ca
t i ns b y M e rr ill 1 s t e d p 1 1 8
o , . . .
Ru l e s o f t h Nat i na l B ar d f F i r Un d e r w r i t rs ( E d i t i n f Jan
e o o o e e . o o .
1 ,
R e f r e nc e E l ctr i c L i g h t i ng Sp e i fi t i d by Me i l l e : e c ca n s, rr .
2d ed .
, p . 1 54 .
E l e ctr i ca l I ns p e ct i n S e ct i n o f r e v i e w o f C i t y o f C hi cag G o ve rn o . o o,
i ng E l e ctr i ca l I ns p ct i ns ( A d p t e d Marc h 1 3 R e f r e nc e e o . o , e :
E l ctr i ca l i ns p e ct i n R gu l at i ns g v e rn i ng C o m m n we a l t h E d i s o n
e o . e o o o
e r s, Vol . 1 6, 1 9 1 3 , p . 1 73 .
B i b l i o g ra p h y o f S p e c i fi c a t io n s 487
E l ctr i ca l— G e n e ra l— C o t i d
e n nue .
Pr o t e ct i n f e l ctr i c s rv i c e m p l y e s ru l e s f o B e i ng an o r d r
o o e e e o e , r . e
N ws 1 9 1 3—1 —1 1 3 1
e ,
.
Se e a l s T rans m i ss i n L i n e s “
o o .
El t ic G
ec r t d M t
en er as ors an o or
E L A Thi rt y s c n d c nv nt i o n , V o l 1 1 1 9 09 p 4 4 3
. . .
-
e o o e . , , . .
J o h ns n p 4 1 4 o , . .
E l ctr i ca l Mac h i n D e s i gn by G ra y p p 3 1 2 —
. .
G n rat r
”
e e o ,
31 4 e e , , .
4 .
E l ctr i ca l Mac hi n D e s i g
“
e by G ra y p p 1 5 3 —1 5 5 e n,
”
, . .
t sts A I E E V l 2 4 1 9 07 Part I I p 1 7 9 9
e . . . . o . , , , . .
m nts S p c i ficat i ns f W st i ng h us E l
e . Mf g Co e E M Ti ng o o e o e . . . . .
l ey d H E L o ng w e ll
an Eng N w s 1 9 02 —1 —4 9 8 . . . . e , .
E l ct i I
e r c l t n su a ors
N e ws 1 9 08 II—4 4 ,
~
.
l at rs f p rc e l a i n f
o v r o v l ts C o m m i tt e e r e p rt Pr c
o or o e o . o . o .
A I E E Oct 1 9 1 4
. . . .
, . .
S p ec i ficat i n d Ana ly t i ca l Pr c e d ur f o 3 0p c nt H v a Ru bb e r I
o an o e r er e . e e n
l t i g C o m p un d
su a R p rt f J i nt Ru bbe r I nsu l at i n C om m i t t e e
n o . e o
'
o o o ,
1 91 3 R p r i nt e d by S i m p l x W i r e a d Ca bl e C o B sto n Mas s
. e e n .
, o ,
.
E l ct i c L i g h t i n g
e r
R q u i s i t s o f m o d e rn li g h t i ng g n rat r s ts H G R i st Eng
e e e e o e , . . e . .
N w s 1 9 00—II—4 2 3
e , .
E l e ctr i c L i g h t i ng Ru l e s d r q u i r m nts o f t h e N w En g l an d I n . an e e e e
or e . o .
, .
e . e e e : e e , ,
l st ed .
, p . 1 54 .
f C i t y f T r nt Ont by t h c i t y ng i n e r L rg P l ant F w
or o o o o , .
, e e e . a e . e
s p c i fic t i ns f w r k f t hi s k i n d p u bli s h e d Eng N e w s V o l 3 2
e a o or o o . .
, .
,
Au g 2 3, 1 89 4 , p p 1 4 8, 1 49
’
. . .
II 5 95 -
.
Str t L i g h t i ng by
ee l am p s s p c i ficat i o ns f r Us e d f o str ee t are , e o . r arc
li g h ts i n Os w g N Y O f s m e p ract i ca l i nt e r e st Eng N e ws e o, - . . o . . ,
V l 3 3 A p r il 1 1
o . 1 89 5 p 2 3 4 , , , . .
4 88 A p p e n di x D
E l ctr i c L i g h t i ng— Co t i e d
e n n n .
S c o f Aut o m o bil
. Eng i n e rs Stan d ar d C m m i tt
o R ef e e o ee,
r nc
e T rans f t h So f Aut m bil Eng V o l 6 p p 4 00—4 4 5
e e : . o e c . o o o e .
, . , . .
p . 254 .
E l ct i c R il w y d Mi c ll
e r a s a an s e an eou
St Ra il r o a d C
. J o h ns o n p 4 04 o .
, . .
t w n A m r i can S o c i e t y f C i v il Eng i n e rs J h ns o n p 4 2 9
o . e o e . o , . .
, . .
Pr c R y S i gna l Ass n 1 9 1 1 V o l 8 p 3 1 9
o . .
’
, , .
, . .
sa m e R e c o m m e n d d s p e c i ficat i ns r q u i s i t s d ru l s f t h Ra il
. e o , e e an e o e
1 91 2 .
a l so T rans m i ss i o n L i n s
Se e e
E g in e —
.
n se e
s St e a m Eng i n “
e .
”
E xca v t i a on
G e n ra l s p c i ficat i n f
e c nstruct i o n f p n d ra i nag d i tc h s O ffic
e o or o o o e e e . e
Pars ns Eng C nt D e 2 7 1 9 1 1 p 6 9 2
o . . o .
, c. , , . .
,
.
Vo l . 6, p . 1 25 .
N te s
o on S p e c i ficat i ns f Eart h w r k i n Ra i l wa y C nstruct i n o or o o o . Pa
0
'
23, 1 91 , p . 1 75 .
so n , p . 1 23 .
Gra d i ng Fa ll s Dr i v P hil a d l p hi a H u p t
. e, e . a , p . 1 47 .
Excavat i ns un d e r wat er Us e d by C l 0 M
o . o . . . P o e, U S Ar m y
. . . J hno
so n , p . 1 26 .
S p e c i fic a t i o ns for e xcavat i ns I n b y U S R c l a m at i n S rv i c
o . u se . . e o e e .
pp . 5 0—5 2 .
R H Th o m s o n Eng C nt
. . . . o Ju l y 5 1 9 1 1 p 7 , , . .
31 6 , 323 .
an d p o we r li n e s p ro c e e d i ngs o f t e c h n i ca l s o c i e t i e s C hi c a g o Jun
, , e,
1 91 3 ( 3 6 t h annua l c o nv e nt i o n ) R e f r e nc e : Nat E l e c L i g h t . e . .
Ass n ’
, pp . 5 81 -
5 83 .
G ar b ag e R ed u ct i on
N e w s 1 9 02 —I—5 , .
I I—2 6 7 .
G a so li n e
Sp e i fi ti
c fo gas o li n e f r i nt rna l c o m b ust i o n m t o rs Pa p r
ca on r o e o . e
b e f r e Am So c T e st Mat by Dr A S o m m e r Eng R e c 1 9 1 0
‘
o . . . .
, . . . . .
,
II —1 6 6 a n d Pr c Am So c T e st Mat V o l 1 0 1 9 1 0 p 4 6 0
, o . . . . .
, . , , . .
Gra de C i gs
r o ss n
B ufi l N w Y o r k s p c i ficat i ns f
a o, cr ss i ngs Eng N e w s 1 89 5
e , e o or o . . ,
I 1 95
-
.
G ra d cr ss i ngs i n p av e d str ts R p rt Am R y E
e o M W Ass n ee . e o . . . . .
’
.
Eng N ws 1 9 09 —I—3 08 . e , .
Gra v l e
Sp e i fi ti n s f
c b a ll ast R e p rt Am R y
ca o M W Ass n or . o . . . .
’
.
N e w s 1 9 03 —1 —2 8 5 , .
II —1 4 2 .
p . 2 94 .
Se e al so B a ll ast .
Gut t er
Se e S i d e w a lk Cur b d G utt r
“
, an e .
H b ar ord R iv an Im p v m t er ro e en
Har b o r d r i v r i m p r ve m nts C d ar K y s F l a A N Da m r ll
an e o e . e e , . . . e ,
Ca p t U S E g Hau p t p 5 5
. . . n rs .
, . .
St n e b r e a k w at e r B l c k I s l an d R h d I s l an d G K Warr n U
o . o , o e . . . e , .
S Engr Hau p t p 5 7
. .
, . .
B r a k w at r o f cr ib w o r k
e C l v l an d b r a k w at r C E B l unt L i ut
e -
. e e e e . . .
,
e .
C o l o f Eng i n e rs . Hau p t p 5 9 e .
, . .
I r o n l an d i ng p i r L we s D l a w ar Hau p t p 6 1 e . e e e . , . .
R m v i ng snags t
e o M nn s ta r i v r F U Far q u h ar Ma j o f , e c . i e o e . . . , .
Eng i n e rs Hau p t p 6 3 e .
, . .
R m o v i ng r c k East r i v r n d H e ll G at e N Y J o h n N w t n
e o . e a , . . e o ,
L i e ut C l Eng i e rs Hau p t p 5 8. o . ne .
, . .
Cana l l o c k s T nn ss e r i v e r W R K i ng Ca p t f Eng i n e e rs
. e e e . . .
, . o .
H au p t p 6 4 , . .
L i g h t h us e Ne w Have n C nn Hau p t p 7 7
o .
, o .
, .
A l s o s e E m b an k m nts a d R e ve t m nts
e
“
e n e .
H igh w y a
S Pav m nt d R o a d C nstruct i n
ee
“
e e an o o .
B ib l i o g r a p h y o f Sp e c i fi c a t io n s
p rt t o N E W W Ass n
o Eng C nt Ma y 8 1 9 1 2 p 5 3 0
. . . .
’
. . o .
, , . .
A d p t e d by Am W W Ass n Eng N e w s A g 7 1 9 1 3 p 2 6 5
o . . .
’
. . , u . , , . .
of C m m Pr e s e nt d at Jan 1 9 1 2 m t i ng f ass c i at i n ) R f
o . e ,
ee o o o . e
, o . , o . , ,
p . 77 .
Vol . 70 p , . 2 65 .
I ll um i in at on
D s i ra bili t y
e o f stan d ar d s p c i ficat i ns e o fo r str e e t li g h t i ng . Eng . R ec
1 91 3 —1 —595 .
Se e a l s E l ctr i c L i g h t i ng
o
“
e .
Ir o n d Ste e l
an
a b v m at e r i a l s as g i v n by W m K nt i n 1 8 8 3 i n exp rt t st i
o e e . e e e
m o ny G o o d c l ass i ficat i n
] d c l ar d e fin i t i n o f t e c h n i ca l m an o an e o e
i ng o f c o m m e rc i a l f o r m s Ra il r a d a d Eng i n e r i ng J o urna l V l . o n e , o .
61 A p r il 1 8 8 7 p p 1 5 5 —1 5 8
, , , . .
p ract i ca l s f s ve ra l y ars R p r i nt
u e by S orf A tomo e e . e rec . oc . o u
Axl e s
L oc m t i ve axl s d f rg i ngs Eng N ws 1 9 03 —II —2 0
o o e an o . . e , .
Eng N w s 1 9 04—I—4 7 1 . e , .
Vo l . 5 , 1 9 05 , p . 56 .
1 1 , 1 91 1 , p . 63 .
Mat V o l 1 3 1 9 1 3 p 1 5 6 .
, , . .
B i g B ll d R ll s e ar n a s an o er
R o ll e r st e l f ra il w a y b r i d g e s R p o rt o f A R E
e or . e . . . M W Ass n . .
’
..
Eng N w s 1 9 02 —1 —2 8 2 . e , .
49 2 A p p e n di x D
il P l t d R i v t St l Bo er a e an e ee
E V l 2 3 1 9 02 p 6 3 2 ; r v i s i n V o l 2 4 1 9 03 p 9 2 1 n d V l
o .
, , . e e .
, , .
, a o .
2 5 , 1 9 04 , p . 321 .
Pr c Am S T e st Mat V o l 9 1 9 09 p 6 2
o . . oc . . .
, . , , . .
St n d ar d s p c i ficat i ns r i v t st l f s hi p s Am
a e o e ee or . . So c . T st Mat e .
Vol . . 1 3, 1 91 3, p . 1 48 .
S p c i ficat i ns f b il r p l at st e l ( s i m il ar t o Am So T s t
e o or o e e e . c . e .
Am S c M E . V l 3 6 1 9 1 4 p 9 85
o . . .
, o .
, , . .
and st e l f rg i ngs ( Su b m i tt d by t h
e c m m i tt e at A m r S
o . e e o e e . oc .
f M e c h an i ca l Eng i
o rs 1 9 03 S T rans A S M E n ee , or ee . . . .
'
1 91 2, Vol . 90 pp , . 4 09 —4 1 1 .
Fi r e St l— Fa il r e s d S p c i ficat i ns A b stract f p a p r b f o r e Am
B ox ee u an e o . o e e .
S T es t Mat by M H W i k h o s t Eng N e ws V l 5 6 p 7 6
oc . . .
,
. . c r . .
, o .
, . .
C st i g s d F gi n g a n an or s
R p o rt o f c m m i tt
e T ra s A S M E V l 2 3 1 9 02 p 6 3 2 ; o ee . n . . . . .
, o .
, , .
T e st Mat V l 5 1 9 05 p p 5 3 5 9
. .
,
o . , , . , .
Mat V l 4 1 9 04 p 9 5.
, o .
, , . .
f rg i ngs
o Pr c Am S c T e st M t V o l 1 3 1 9 1 3 p 1 6 6
. o . . o . . a .
, . , , . .
m i t t e r p rt ta b u l at d su m m ar y A R E M W Ass n 1 9 05 ’
e e o e . . . . . . ,
6—32 .
o or oc o o o e e , e e e e: .
o f So c . , .
, . . o : or
n t s d i nstruct i ns r f rr i ng t a b v
o e an sa m V l p p 1 7 6 o e e o o e, se e e o .
, .
2 02 .
Se e a l s o Cast i ngs
C ld St l
.
o D r a wn ee
T ntat i ve s p c i ficat i n s f
e ld d w st l ; B ss m r ed pe n o or co ~ ra n ee e e e an o
1 9 1 3 p 1 9 1 ; al s V l 1 4 1 91 4 p 1 74
, . o o . , , . .
M ll bl I n a ea e ro
S p c i ficat i o ns f Ma ll a bl e I r n b y H nr y S ut h r C h m Stan d
e or e o ,
e o e , .
ar d s C m m f r S c i e t y o f Aut o m o bil E ng i n e rs 1 9 1 0 R f
o . o o
'
e e , . e
494 A p p e n di x D
I ron an d Stee l — C o n t i n u ed .
M i n i ng E g p r o p s d stan d ar d s p c i ficat i o ns W
'
Am e r i c a n l n s t . n rs . o e e . .
R W e b st e r Eng N ws 1 9 01 —1 —3 5 2
. . . e , .
Ra il s ct i o ns — B r i t i s h stan d ar d d a c m p ar i s o n f A m r i can a d
e an o o e n
B r i t i s h s ct i o ns E g Ne w s 1 9 05 —I I—8 4
‘
e . n .
, .
Eng Ne w s 1 9 09 —1 —2 7 2
.
, .
1 91 0—I—3 7 5 ,
3 84 .
st e l ra i l s Eng N w s 1 9 08—L 5 3 1
e . . e , .
A m e r i can Ra il wa y E M W Ass n W e ar i ng q ua li t y d f r e d m . . .
’
. an e o
f r m b r a k ag e
o E g N e ws 1 9 05 —
e 1 —3 3 7 . n .
, .
A m r i can S o c i t y C E r c m m n d at i o n s f B ss m e r st l r il s
e e . . e o e or e e ee a .
Eng N e w s 1 9 08 I—1 05
.
,
-
.
I—5 0 .
S p c i ficat i o ns
e an d ra il b r e a k ag e . H M H . . o we . Eng N e ws . ,
1 91 2
I—6 6 0 .
R ec .
, 1 9 07 1 —7 7 4 — .
Vo l . 7 , 1 9 07 , p . 44 ; Vol 8 , 1 9 08 , p
. . 44 .
T st Mat V l 9 1 9 09 p 6 2
e . . o . , , . .
T st Mat V l 9 p 66 a d Y ar B o o k 1 9 1 5
e . .
, o . .
, n e .
S e a l so Ra il s “
e .
R il w y R l li g St k a a o n oc
T e st Mat V o l 4 1 9 04 p 6 9
. .
, . , , . .
Stan d ar d s p c i ficat i ns f st e e l t i r e s Pr o c Am S c T e st
e o or . . . o . .
Vol . 9 , 1 9 09 , p . 58 .
tr i c ra il w a y s rv i c Pr c Am S c T e st Mat p 1 6 0 V l 1 3 1 9 1 3
e e . o . . o . . .
, . , o .
, .
See a l s C ars ; L c o m t i ve t
o
“ ” “
o o ,
”
e c .
R i nf i g B s e orc n ar
1 91 1 — II—7 3 8 7 1 5 0 , , .
St e l Mf g
e Eng C nt Jun 1 1 9 1 0 p 4 9 2
rs . . o .
, e , , . .
A b stract m b o d yi ng p rt i ns a p p li ca bl e t o c o ncr e t r e i n f rc m nt
e o o e o e e
'
f r o m t h e stan d ar d s p c i ficat i o ns f o structura l st e l A d p t d by e r e . o e
A R E . M W Ass n T rans A S C E V l 6 6 1 9 1 0 p 4 5 9
. . . .
’
. . . . . o . , , . .
B ib li o gr a p h y o f S p e c i fi ca t i o n s 49 5
Sp e c i ficat i o ns f o r m e ta l r i n f rc m nt Pr gr ss r p rt s p c i a l m e o e e . o e e o e co
1 9 1 0 by A m r i can R E A s n ) R f r e nc s R i n f rc d C o ’
, e . . s . e e e : e o e n
cr t e C nstruct i n by H l V l 2 p 6 5 2 1 9 1 1 Y ar B o o k o f
e o o , oo ,
o . , .
, . e
A R E Ass n p p 1 8 8—1 9 0
. . .
’
, . .
Stan d ar d p e i fi a t i f st l r i n f rc i ng b ars ( A d p t d by A m r
s c on s or ee e o . o e e
Soc f T st Mat V l 1 1 1 9 1 1 p 66 ; V l 1 2 1 9 1 2 p 1 6 1 —1 6 9 N o t e :
. or e . .
, o .
, , . o .
, , . .
R ev i s i n Au g 2 3 1 9 1 3 ; Pr o c V l 1 3 1 9 1 3 p 1 5 3 ; a l s o 1 9 1 3 Y ar b o k
o .
, . o .
, , . e o ,
pp .
—83
80 .
S p li c B d Sta y B l ts e a rs an o
Mat V l .
, p 5 6 a d Vo l 1 3 1 9 1 3 p 1 3 1
o . .
,
n . , , . .
T e st Mat V o l 7 1 9 07 ,p 1 5 7 a d V l 1 0 1 9 1 0 p 9 3
. .
, . . .
, n o .
, , . _ .
p .
Sp i r n g Ste l e
S p e c i ficat i o ns f or s p r i ng st l ee . Pr o c . Am . So c . T st Mate . .
,
Vo l . 7 ,
1 9 07 , p . 1 98 .
ct l St l St r u ura ee
t h at h av e a d p t d stan d ar d s Eng N w s 1 9 02 —I —5 1 6 o e . . e , .
b r i d g s Eng N e w s 1 9 OZ I—5 1 6
e . .
)
~
.
Eng N e ws 1 9 1 3 —L 2 7 4 2 83
‘
.
, , .
N e ws 1 9 07 1 1 6 2 2 .
-
.
A m e r i can B r i d g e C Ra d i ca l i nn vat i o ns i n st e l wo r k p ec i fi a o . o e s c
t i o ns Eng N w s 1 9 1 3 —I—3 6 4
. . e , .
Stan d ar d f o r b r i d g e s s hi p s f rg i ngs
, d ra il s f Am So c T e st , , o an o
. .
, , , .
o r ee n o u ,
s yl van i a R R T r m i na l N w Y r k T rans A S C E V l 6 9. . e , e o . . . . . .
, o . ,
p . 21 4 ,
1 91 0 .
T st Mat V o l 9 1 9 09 p 3 7
e . .
, , .
49 6 Ap p e n di x D
I r n d St l—C o t i e d
o an ee n nn .
So T st Mat V l 9 1 9 09 p
c . e . .
, o .
, , .
Mat V l 9 1 9 09 p 4 2
.
, d V l 1 3 1 91 3 p 1 43
o .
, , .
, an o .
, , . .
( M G w H ill B o o k C o m p an y ) p p 1 1 2
c ra -
, .
-
.
S p c i ficat i ns f o m at r i a l
e d w r k m ans hi p f o
o st e e l structur s r e an o r e .
( A d p t d by A m r i c n Ra il w a y Ma i nt e nanc e f W y Ass n ) ’
o e e a o a .
R e f e r nc e : Wa ll s B i ns d G ra i n E l e vat o rs by K tc h u m p 5 3 6
e , an ,
”
e , . .
S p c i ficat i ns f
e st l str ctur e s d s i gn d ta il s o f c nstruct i o n
o or ee u ,
e , e o
a d w o r k m ans hi p
n ( A d o p t e d by t h A m r i can B r i d g C m p an y ) . e e e o .
R e f r nc ePa m p hl t— Sp i fi t i s a d T a bl s f St l Fra m d
e e : e ec ca on n e or ee e
Structur e s A m B r i d g e C o f N w Y r k C hi cag e d i t i n 1 9 1 3
, . . o e o , o o , .
N w s p c i ficat i ns f
e structura l st l w o r k I ssu d b y t h A m r
e o or ee . e e e
i can B r i d g C m p an y Eng R V l 67 p 2 64 e o . . ec .
, o .
, . .
Vo l . 67, p . 254 .
S p c i ficat i ns
e St l s by H nr y S ut h r C h m Stan d ar d s C m m
o for ee ,
e o e , . o .
f S
or f Aut m bil e Eng i n e e rs
oc . F
o n t s d i t c o o ,
or o e an n s ru
t i ns r f rr i ng t a b o v e s e V o l 5 p p 1 7 6 —2 02
o e e o ,
e .
, . .
p ract i ca l s fo s ev ra l y e ars R p r i nt c by So
u f Au t o m o
e r e . e re . c . o
pp . 4 00—4 4 5 .
Th r e e ra d i ca l i nn o vat i ns i n o n ew st l s p c i ficat i ns
ee e o . Eng N e ws . ,
Vo l . 6 9, p . 364 .
Stan d a d s p e c i ficat i o ns f r w r ug h t i r n Pr o c Am So T s t or o o . . . c . e .
Mat 1 9 01 V o l 1 p 2 3 1 ; V l 1 3 1 9 1 3 p 1 8 5
.
, , . , ; o .
, , .
-
K er os en e
Pa p e r b e f r e Am So T st Mat by Dr A So m m e r Eng R o . c . e . .
, . . . . ec .
,
1 91 0 —1 1 —1 6 6 ; Pr o c Am S T st Mat V l 1 0 1 9 1 0 p 4 6 3 . . oc . e . .
, o . , , . .
L th i g
a n
Ne w Y r k B ur au f B u il d i ngs Ru l s f l at hi n g d p l ast r i ng
‘
o e o . e or an e .
Eng N w s 1 9 1 2 I I 2 6 8 . e , .
S e als B u il d i ngs
“
e o .
L im e
Pr p o s e d s p c i ficat i ns f r li m e b t h hy d rat e d d q u i c k li m
o e Am o o ,
o an e . .
So c T e st Mat . V l 1 3 1 9 1 3 p 3 1 5 ; V l 1 4 1 91 4 p 2 1 4
. .
,
o .
, , . o . , , . .
1 91 1 —1 —5 5 7 .
,
. . o o .
Eng C nt N v 1 3 1 9 1 2 p 5 4 7
. o . , o . , , . .
49 8 A p p e n dix D
Mas o nr y—C o t i e d n nu .
St o n e b r i d g e m as o nr y us e d by t h C hi cag M i l w au k St Pau l e o , ee .
Ra il wa y J o h ns o n p 1 4 5 . , . .
G e n e ra l s p c i ficat i o ns f r K e n s i c D m f B ar de f W t r Su p p ly o f o o a o o o a e
Ne w Y r k C i t y Eng N e ws V l 6 7 1 9 1 2 p p 7 7 6 7 7 9
o . . , o .
, , .
-
.
Larg e st o n d m Ne w Cr o t n d a m N w Y r k C i t y J h ns o n
e a . o , e o . o ,
p . 1 51 .
Se e als o C o ncr e t e ; ” “
Cana l L o c k s ; ” “
Ro ck .
Mea s u r e m e n t s
Pr o p s ot h d f o t h m e asur m nt f c ncr t c nstruct i n C m
ed me o r e e e o o e e o o . o
m i t t e e R e p o rt Nat l As s n o f C e m e nt U se rs Eng N e w s V o l 6 7 ’ ’
. .
, .
,
p 577 . Eng R V o l 6 5 p 3 87
. . ec . .
, . .
—
.
pp 1 8 7 1 9.1 Eng N e w s 1-
9 1 0—I I 4 9 2 ; C o m m e nts sa m e V o l p 5 4 0
. . , , . . .
a p p e rs t o h av e a a m bi gu i t y i s s h w n t h av e d i ff e r nt i t p e no , o o e n er r
t at i o s Eng N ws V o l 5 1 Mar 1 0 1 9 04 p 2 2 7
n . . e , .
, .
, ,
. .
C r p s J h ns n p 1 2 8
o . o o , . .
A l s o se e Excavat i o n “
.
Oi ls B i t m i
,
u d Cr te n ou s an e o so
S p c i fi c a t i o s f o r C o a l T ar Cr e o s t e f
e n W d B l c k Pav m nts f o or oo o e e o
u ss
c i o o f f o t i m b r n p r e s rvat i v ,
Eng R e c 1 9 1r2 —I—80 e e e . . .
,
.
C nt S e p t 3 0 1 9 08 p 2 04
o .
,
. , , . .
Eng C o nt Au g 5 1 9 1 4 p 1 2 9
. .
, .
, , . .
S p e c i ficat i o ns f r s i d uu m i l f o r a d tr at m e nt f St L u i s Mo or e o r o e o . o , .
E g C o nt i Ma 2 3 1 9 1 0 p 26 8
‘
n . ,
r .
, , . .
S p e c i fic t i ns f o ana ly s i s f c a l tar cr s t C o m m i tt R e p rt
a o r o o eo o e . ee o .
A R E .
M W Ass n V o l 9 1 9 08 p 7 08 ; V l 1 2 1 9 1 1 p 7 4 3
. . . .
’
, .
, , . o . , . ,
-
.
A R E .
M W Ass n V o l 1 1 1 9 1 0 p 7 3 7
. . . .
’
, . , , . .
S e al s Pav m nts “ ”
e o e e .
Oi l , F u e l
i n s i gna l l a m p s Eng N s
Sp ec i fi c a t i o n s f o r , . . ew ,
1 9 06 — —
II 4 3 1 .
F u e l S p c i ficat i o ns f
. p urc h as U S B ur au f M i n e s Eng
e or e . . . e o . .
N e w s 1 9 1 1 I I —2 05 ,
-
.
Fu l O il S p e c i ficat i o ns a d C o rr ct i o ns f r m Fu e l Ec n o m y T sts at
e n e o o e
3 0 1 9 08 , , p . 775 .
B ib l i o g r a p h y o f S p e c i fi c a t io n s
O il Fu l— C o t i n e d
, e n u .
by Wm D Enn i s Eng R V l 5 7 p 5 5 4 . . . . ec . o .
, . .
U S B ur au f M i n s by I C A ll n Can Eng V l 2 5 p 2 89
. . e o e . . e . . . o . , . .
o n Li, ed
n se
Stan d ar d s p c i ficat i ns f p ur i t y f w li ns e d i l f r m N rt h e o or o ra e o o o
A m e r i can s e d Pr c Am S T e st Mat V l 1 3 1 9 1 3 p 3 9 9 e . o . . oc . . .
, o .
, , . .
Oi l L b i c t i g ;
, u r a n
Am So . c. e . r . . o . . c .
, .
m Pr c A m S T st Mat V l 1 0 1 9 1 0 4 6 6
er . o . . oc . e . .
,
o .
, , .
1 75 N t e : F n o t e s a d i nstruct i o ns r f rr i ng t a b v
. o ee or n e e o o e, s
sa m e V o l p p 1 7 6—2 02 .
, . .
P i t
a n
S p ec i ficat i n p r p s d b y A m e r i can S c i e ty f T st i ng M a t r i a l s
o o o e o or e e .
ra il r a d N w Y o r k T rans A S C B V l 6 9 p 2 1 3
o , e . . . . .
, o .
, .
So ci ty f T st i ng Mat e r i a l s O n e sp c i fi cat i n i n 1 9 1 3 Y ar
e or e . e o e
B o o k p p 2 8 7 —2 8 9 No t
, A b ve Y ar B o k c nta i ns a ll stan d ar d
. . e : o e o o
nu m b e r l at e st r v i s i o n A l s c l ass i fi d li st g i v i ng d at s f a d p
, e . o e e o o
t io n a d s b s q t r evi s i n n
’
u e u en o .
Pa p er
Ne w s p c i ficat i o n s
e o f Go ve rn m nt p r i nt i ng e o fii ce Eng N ew s 1 91 2
—
. .
,
I 49 0 .
P v
a e m en ts C st ct i an G l
d R o ad on ru on , en era
n i l r e p rt f t h Stat H i g h wa y C m m i ss i n ( De 1 1 9 08 t
a o o e e o o c . , , o
, . a e , . .
G rav l r a d s p p e 7 1 —7 4 ; C l ass C St o n
o grav l r a d s p p 7 4 —7 6 ;
, . . e e o , .
C l ass D G ra ve l st o n e r a d s p p 7 7 —7 9 ; C l ass E St n r d s
. o , . . o e oa .
pp . 7 9—83 .
500 A p p e n di x D
Pav em e nts d R a d C o nstruct i n G n ra l Co t i ed
an o o , e e -_
n nu .
th e s c i t y a b o ut s ixt y t h r e
o e , s ixty f o ur -
e or -
.
B l a i r s cr tar y C l v l an d 0
,
e e Mun i c i p a l Eng V o l 4 0 p p 9 3 —9 5
, e e , . .
, .
, . .
H ill B o k C o m p an y ) G e n ra l p p 1 3 —2 2 ; f n d at i ns p p 2 4—3 1 ;
o . e , . ou o , .
s h t as p h a l t p av e m nt p p 3 3 —4 5 ; as p h a l t bl o c k p av m nt p p 4 ?
ee e , . e e , .
Ma i nt nanc e S i m p l e c l aus
e . a b sur d r q u i r m nts d i scuss i n o f e, no e e e , o
g d a n d b d p i nts o f sa m e Eng N e w s S p t 3 1 9 03
oo a o . . , e .
,
.
Pr o c A S C E A p 1 9 1 5
. . . . .
, r. .
ass c i at i o n p p 3 5 —3 7
,
o , . .
s e c n d annua l r p rt ass c i at i o n p p 3 7 —4 0
o e o o , . .
( 3 ) S p c i ficat i ns f
e c ncr t e f p av m e nt f o un d at i ns s c n d
o or o e or e o , e o
( 4 ) S p c i ficat i ns f
e c ncr e t p av m nts s e c n d annua l r e p rt o f
o or o e e e , o o
ass c i at i o n p p 4 2 —4 5
o , . .
t i o n p p 5 0—5 2 , . .
( 6 ) S p e c i ficat i ns f cr s o t d wo d bl c k s r p rt f ass c i at i n
o or eo e o o e o o o o ,
pp . 5 4 —5 6 .
pp . 5 7—59 .
r e p o rt o f ass o c i at i o n p p 6 3 —6 6 , . .
o f ass o c i at i o n p p 7 3 —78 , . .
r e p o rt o f ass o c i at i o n p p 7 8—8 2 , . .
H ill B o o k W o o d bl o c k p av e m e nt p p 6 2 —6 8 ; bi tu m i n o us co n , .
A s p h a l t i c c ncr t bi tu m i n o us m aca d a m b r i c k t
o of P sy l e e, , , e c en n
cifi ti f
ca a ll Mat r i a l s a d W r k by Ca p t Mar k B r o k e
ons or e n o , . o .
Eng C nt Jan 1 0 1 9 1 4 p 6 7 9
. o .
, .
, , . .
1 91 0 , p . 554 .
Eng N ws 1 9 1 0—1 —3 09
. e ,
g l s C Ca l Eng C o nt N v 6 1 9 1 2 p 5 1 3
e e o .
, . . .
,
o .
, , . .
m aca d a m an d bi tu m i n us m at e r i a l s Eng C nt D 8 1 9 09 p 4 9 0 o . . o .
, ec .
, , . .
N w J rs y stan d ar d s p e c i ficat i ns f
e e e as p h a l t i c c ncr t Eng R o or o e e . . ec .
,
1 9 1 2—1 1 —3 4 0 .
by H Ti p p e r Eng N ws 1 9 09 —1 1 —3 7 5 ; sa m by H W C l ar k
. . . e , e, . . .
Eng N e w s 1 9 09 —I I—5 2 1
. , .
As p h a l t p av i ng ( R p o rt o f c m m i ss i o n r f acc unts f t h e c i t y o f
. e o e o o o
N w Y rk
e Feb 3 o S p e c i ficat i ns
,
d t h i r d i scuss i n .
, o an e o ,
pp 1
.
— 6 2 ; Pract i c l s e a d va l u f s p c i ficat i ns pp 6 7 —70 a u n e o e o , . .
Y r k R f r nc
o . H i g h wa y Eng i n r i ng by M rr i s n p p 2 3 3
e e e e : ee , o o , .
2 74 .
As p h a l t i c c ncr t d Sh t as p h a l t p av m nts — p i fi t i
o f e e an ee e e s ec ca on s o r,
at Vanc uv e r B C Eng N e w s V l 6 8 p 7 7 0
o , . . . , o .
, . .
St Ne w Y r k
.
,
J o h ns n p 1 7 1 o . o , . .
Stan d ar d s p c i ficat i ns f o s h e t as p h a l t ( A d p t e d by t h A m e r
e o r e . o e .
S oc of Mun i c i p a l I m p r v m e nts S p t 2 7
. R f r e nc e s : o e ,
e .
, e e
Pr o c f t h e Annua l C nv nt i n f t h A m r S
. o of Mun i c i p a l o e o o e e . oc .
S q uar N w Y r k ) e, e o .
As p h a l tu m p av m e nt J h ns n p 1 6 6 e . o o , . .
Vanc uv e r B C s p e c i ficat i ns f s h e t as p h a l t d as p h a l t i c
o , . .
, o or e an co n
cr t Eng N w s 1 9 1 2 —I I—7 7 0
e e . . e , .
2 , 1 91 2 , p . 14 .
S p c i ficat i ns f
e o i l c m nt c o ncr to p av m e nts N w Y r k C i ty or -
e e -
e e e , e o .
Eng C nt Ju ly 2 4 1 9 1 2 p 9 7
. o .
, , , . .
M a i nt i n i ng C ncr t R a d s w i t h B i tu m i n us W ar i ng Sur f ac s by
a o e e o o e e ,
H C P r
. ( S p e c i ficat i ns f
. a p p l y i ng bi tu m i n us sur f ac e )
oo e . o or o .
Eng C nt Jan 7 1 9 1 4 p 1 7
. o . , .
, . .
N ws 1 9 1 3 —1 1 07 9
e ,
-
.
B ib li o g ra p h y o f Sp e c i fi c a t io n s 503
Eng N w s 1 9 07 3 6 6
.
—1 — e , .
s m aca d a m
ou 1 9 09 Eng i n r i ng d C o ntract i ng V l 3 2 1 9 09
, . ee an , o .
, ,
pp . 490, 49 1 .
r a d w a y s as c nstruct d i n var i us
o o e o c i t i s f Ontar i Cana d a A l s o
e o o, .
s m d i scuss i n f m at r i a l s a d
o e o o e n c o sts Mun i c i p a l Eng i n r i ng
. ee .
V lo 2 0 Jun
. 1 9 01 pp
, 3 7 0—372 e, , . .
Su gg e st d stan d a r d S p e c i ficat i ns f o
e o r as p h a l t an d av e
b it u m in ou s p
m e nts B y c nv e nt i n o f C hi cag c i t y o fil c i Eng C nt Mar
‘
. o o o als . . o .
,
.
23, 1 91 0 , p . 270 .
N ws 1 9 06 —1 1 —2 1 3
e ,
.
San M n i ca C li f rn i a O il d D i rt R a d s ; As p h a l t i c O il
o ,
d Fitz
a o , e o an
g ra l d T a m p r R ll r by E H W il c x Eng N w s 1 9 07 —I—3 6 6
e e o e , . . o . . e , ,
an d 1 9 07 —L 5 43 .
B i tu m i n us m aca d a m s p c i ficat i ns m y b o b ta i n d f r m I n d i a
o e o a e e o :
na p li s I d ; Man k at M i nn ; K n xv ill T e nn ; M li n e
o ,
n . War o, . o e, . o ,
re n Br s C B o st o n
o 5 9 T mpl
. St ; T h
o . I n d i an R e fin i ng C o
, ,
e e . e .
,
N w Y r k 1 1 5 B r o a d wa y
e o d ,
t h r c m p an i e s , an o e o .
n i c i p a l Eng i n r i ng V l 3 7 1 9 09 p p 2 6 1 2 6 2 ee , o .
, , .
, .
Pa v m t B i k d B lo k
e en ,
r c an c
Mf g s Ass n W J B l a i r Eng N e ws 1 9 06 I I —2 3 1 2 3 4
r .
’
. . . . .
,
-
, .
B r i c k a d gran i t e bl c k Sp
n i ficat i o ns a d o p t e d b y C hi cag o ve o ec o c n n
t i n Eng N w s 1 9 1 0—L 2 9 1
o . . e , .
S p c i ficat i o ns f S l ag F un d at i ns f B r i c k Pave m nt N il s O hi
e or o o or e , e ,
o,
by W m V A l f o r d Eng N w s Ma y 7 1 9 1 4 p 1 01 4
. . . . e , , , . .
St n d ar d s p c i ficat i ns f b r i c k p av m nts ( A d p t d at t h e 1 6 t h
a e o or e e . o e
Ass c i at i n ) R e f e r nc es : Eng i n e r i ng W r k i n T w n n d C i t
o o . e e o o s a
ie s, by M C l l u g h p 6 4 N t c C p i s f sa m e can b e s c r d
u o , . . o e : o e o e u e
t h r ug h W ill P B l a i r S cy C l v l an d 0
o . , e .
,
e e , .
J h ns o n p 1 6 1
o , . .
Stan d ar d S p c i fic t i ns f b r i c k p av m nts ( A d p t d b y A m e r S
e a o or e e . o e . oc .
Mun i c i p a l I m p r ve m nts S p t 2 7 R f r nc s Pr o c f
o e , e .
, e e e e : . o
th e Annua l C nv nt i n o f t h A m e r S f Mun i c i p a l I m p r v
o e o e . oc . o o e
Un i n S q uar e N Y
o , . .
B r i c k p av i ng c i t y f St L ou i s J h ns n p 1 6 3
, o . . o o , . .
G ran i t p av m nt c i t y
e f M il w au k e
e J h ns n p 1 7 3
e , o e . o o , . .
M th o d
e d s p c i fic t i o ns
an f c o nstr ct i ng w o d bl c k p av m nt at
e a o u o o e e
S m i t h Eng C nt Oct 2 7 1 9 09 p 3 5 3
. . o .
, . , , . .
504 A p p e n di x D
Pav em e nt B r i c k a d B l o c k—C on ti u d
, n n e .
C li ff r d R i c h a r d s o n Eng C o nt Ma y 2 9 1 9 1 2 p 6 08
o . . .
, , , . .
W o o d bl o c k —s p i fi t i o s a d o p t d by C h i cag c o nv nt i n Cr o
, . .
, . . ,
e ec ca n e o e o . e
Pav i ng A c m p ar i s n f t h s p c i ficat i ns f cr o s o t d w d p a v
. o o o e e o or e e oo
Mars h a l l T a yl o r C h e m i st f t h I nt rnat i na l Cr s o t i ng Co , o e e o eo n
struct i n C o o f G a l v st n T x A l s se d i scuss i n d t bl e E
o . e o , e . o e o an a ,
n
gi i g C o ntract i ng 1 9 1 0 V o l 3 3 p 5 5 2
n eer n -
, , .
, . .
N w S p c i ficat i ns f
e Cr s t W d B l o c k Pav m nt by B d f L ca l Im
e o or eo o e -
oo e e . o o
p r v e m e nt C hi cag o 1 1 1
o Can Engr V o l 2 3 p 2 5 0 ,
. . . .
, . .
Pa v m
e t C
en t , o n cr e e
C o ncr t e R a d s i n M il w au k e C
e W i s by A J K l l i g Eng
o e o . . ue n . .
C o nt Ma y 1 3 1 9 1 4 p 5 5 1
.
, , , . .
Eng C nt D e 1 6 1 9 08 p 4 1 5
. o .
, c .
, , . .
Stan d ar d s p c i ficat i ns f P rt l an d c m nt r o a d s d P rt l an d
e o or o e e an o re
1 9 09 , p . 53 .
Eng N e ws 1 9 09 —I I—6 1 1
.
, .
Pa v m
e t M
en d m , d E th R d a ca a an ar oa s
Sp ec i fi ca t i a d n t s m aca d a m r a d c nstruct i n
on Pa p e r b
n o e , on o o o . e
f re W S E
o by A N J h ns n Eng C o nt Oct 2 8 1 9 08 p 2 7 6
. . . . o o . . .
, .
, , . .
D ta il s a d s p e c i ficat i ns f Ca li f rn i a hi g h wa y c m m i ss i n — m aca d a m
e n o o o o o .
Eng C nt Ju ly 3 1 9 1 2 p 1 5
. o .
, , , . .
1 91 0—I—2 9 0 .
S p e c i ficat i ns f S h ll R o a d s by Ma j W W Cr o s by f stat e r o a d
o or e , . . . o
c m m i ss i n M d Eng C o nt Jan 3 1 9 1 2 p 1 1
o o , . . .
, .
, , . .
b a m a stat e hi g h w a y c m m i ss i n Eng C o nt N v 2 5 1 9 1 1 p 5 04 o o . . .
,
o . , , . .
C nt F b 2 4 1 9 1 5 p 1 6 2
o .
, e . , , . .
N e w s 1 9 01 —I I—3 5 1 , .
1 9 03 — I—1 8 9 ; 1 9 04 I I —2 4 1 -
.
e en e
r
‘
H i g h wa y Eng i n e r i ng by M rr i s o n p p 1 2 6 —1 4 2
e : e , o , .
P il e s
Sp c i fi
e ti A R E ca M W Ass n Eng N w s 1 9 04 —I—2 6 4
on s . . . . .
’
. . e , .
506 A p p e n di x D
P i p Cast I r n—Co ti n u ed
e, o n .
D . 221 .
N Y J o h ns o n p 1 9 0
. .
, . .
Pi p e, C n te o cr e
A W hi tn y Eng C nt F b 8 1 9 1 1 p 1 5 7
. e . . o . , e .
, , . .
N w s V l 6 9 p 5 68 1 9 1 3
e , o .
, .
,
.
tra l Ra il r a d Pr o c o f t h e 2 2 d Annua l C nv nt i o n f t h A m e r
o . . n o e o e “
Ry B ri d g B u i l d i ng Ass n p p 1 03 —1 07
. e
’
, . .
( Su b m i tt d by C m m f t h e Nat Ass n f C m nt Us rs i n
’
e o . o . o e e e
R f r e nc e Pr c f t h Nat A s s n f C m e nt Us e rs V l 7 p p 7 6 1
e e : o . o e .
’
o e ,
o .
,
.
7 65 .
Pi p e, Ste l e
L e a d L i n e d St e l T bi ng Un i t d Stat s Navy by R D G at w o o d e u ,
e e , . . e .
D scr i p t i n a d n t s Eng N e w s 1 9 1 2 —1 —8 9 6
e o n o e . . , .
P rt l an d Or g n R i v t d St e l P i p by J C St v ns Eng N w s
o ,
e o , e e e e, . . e e . . e ,
1 9 1 1 —I I —1 1 2 .
R i v e t e d st l w at r p i p Wat r su p p ly f Ca m b r i d g Mass J h n
ee e e . e o e, . o
so n , p . 225 .
Pi p e, V i tr i fi e d
S e we r p i p e —
I o w a Stat e Dra i nag Ass n e
’
. Ad pt o ed Fe b .
, 1 91 3 . Eng .
R ec .
, 1 91 3—I—2 3 5 .
S p e c i ficat i ns f S e w r P i p o or e e, V i tr i fi d P i p a d P i p La y i ng i n St e e n e .
L u i s by W W H rn r
o , . . o e . E n g C o nt Sep t 1 3 1 9 1 1 p 2 8 6
. .
, .
, , . .
S p e c i ficat i ns f o d ra i n t il o r e an d s we r p i p R p rt f C m m i tt ee o f
e e . e o o o
I—2 3 5 .
t il e d t il d ra i n c nstruct i n
an R p rt c o m m i tt t o Am So
e o o . e o ee . c .
T st Mat Eng C nt A g 1 9 1 9 1 4 p 1 8 1
e . . . o .
, u .
, ,
. .
T ntat i ve stan d ar d s p c i fic a t i ns f r d ra i n t il s we r p i p e a d f o
e e o o e, e n r
p i p e l a yi ng 1 91 3 Pr i nt d f o D i str ib ut i o n by Eng i n e r i ng E xp
.
, e r e .
Eng R c V l 6 7 p p 2 3 5 2 3 6
. e .
, o .
, .
, .
Dra i n t il an d s we r p i p S p c i ficat i o ns f o r — c m m i tt e e r e p rt f
e e e . e o o o
S e we r p i p e J h ns o n p 1 8 3 . o , . .
B i b li o g r a p h y o f Sp e c i fi ca t io n s 507
P ipe , Wo od St v a e
Oct 3 0 1 9 1 2 p 4 8 8 . , , . .
r
D e s i gn d s p c i ficat i o ns f Sacra m nt
an w at r su p p l y w
e d p i p e li n o e o e oo e,
E l Pas . S W R y C o Eng C nt Ju ly 1 7 1 9 1 2 p 7 0
o . . . . . o .
, , , . .
W o d stav e p i p e Un i t e d St a t e s R c l a m at i n Se rv i c e b y E A M r i t z
o . e o ,
. . o .
Eng N w s 1 9 1 2 —1 —5 7 1 7 9 9
. e , , .
Jan 6 1 9 1 5 p 1 4 . , , . .
o f 8 0 p o un d s — Pr c f th 3 2 d annua l c o nv nt i n f th Am r o . o e n e o o e e .
Ry B ri d g . B u i l d i ng Ass n p p 1 2 6 —1 2 9 e
’
, . .
W d n stave p i p us e d i n Ca li f rn i a J o h ns n p 2 3 2
oo e
’
e o o , . .
Pl n
a s
Ru l s f s w e rag
e d w at r su p p ly p l ans su b m i tt d t
or e N J Stat e an e , e o . . e
B d H al t h .Eng N w s 1 9 1 3 —I I —5 4 8
e . . e , .
Se e a l s o Ma p s .
P l st i n g
a er
P l m b i g — se e
u n B u il d i ng .
P m p i g M h in
u n y ac er
N J H ill Eng R e c 1 9 05 —1 1 —3 9
. . . . .
Wau k e W i s by C T M y e rs e Pr o c A m W W k As n 1 9 09
, , . . . . . . s . s
’
, ,
p . 77 .
I ng rs o ll Eng C o nt Oct 2 1 9 1 2 p 3 8 5
e . . .
, . , , . .
C nt A p r il 7 1 9 1 5 p 3 09
o .
, , , . .
p . 247:
Larg e p u m p i ng e ng i n s C i t y f St L u i s J h ns n p 2 6 6 e . o . o . o o , . .
Eng i n r Hau p t p 1 04 ee .
, . .
R i l s— e
a I r n d St l— Ra il s
se o an ee .
R i lw ys
a a
Sp e i fi at i s fo
c ra il r a d w r k t h at
c s p c i fic
on d f ai r Eng r o o are e an . .
N w s 1 9 05 —I—2 5 8
e ,
.
M W Ass n 1 9 03 V o l 4 p 1 9 . .
’
, , .
,
. .
T nn e l xcavat i n A R E
u M W Ass n 1 9 05 V l 6 p 1 2 5
e o . . . . . .
’
, , o .
, . .
G n ra l s p e c i ficat i ns f
e e m d rn st a m s h v l r a d wa y c nstr ct i n o or o e e o e o o u o .
C m m i tt e e r p o rt A R E
o M W Ass n 1 9 07 V l 8 p 2 9 8 e . . . . . .
’
, , o .
, . .
508 A p p e n di x D
R il wa y s— C o t i e d
a n nu .
Pr o p s d a m e n d m nts o f r e c o m m e n d e d stan d ar d d e fin i t i ns ( P
o e e o . ro
R e f e r nc : Pr c f Ass n V o l 1 1 Part 1 p 1 7 8 e e o . o
’
, .
, , . .
G ra d i ng a d m as o nr y f a s i ng l e trac k ra il r o a d — P hil a d l p hi a
n o e
R e a d i ng ra il r o a d Hau p t p 1 5 0 .
, . .
Ra il wa y r o a d b e d A m r So c f C i v il Eng i n e rs J h ns o n p 3 4 5
-
. e . . o e . o , . .
S p e c i ficat i ns f o f r m at i n f r a d b e d Eng N e w s 1 9 03 —1 —2 5 9
o r o o o o -
. .
, ,
2 8 0; 1 9 01 —1 —2 1 4 .
N e ws 1 9 01 —I—1 9 9 , .
Eng N ws 1 9 00—II —1 4 2 1 4 8 2 1 5 4 3 0
,
Cana d a d M xi c an e o. . e , , , , .
R f
e rac to y M t r i l a er a
d t il
an d p t d b y I nst G E g
e a f G t B r i ta i n
o Can Engr V o l
e . as . n rs . o . . . .
23, p 3 3 1 . .
R e se r v i o rs
Sp e c i fi c a t i o n s f o r a s p h a l t li n i ng for r s e rv i rs
e o . Eng N . ew s ,
1 89 6—1
1 64 .
S p c i ficat i ns f R i n f rc e d C ncr t S tt li ng B as i ns
e o or e o o e e e , by A l x P tt r
e . o e .
P r c Am W W k s Ass n 1 9 1 2 p 1 1 3
o . . . .
’
, , . .
Re ta i i g W l l
n n a s
Sp i fi ca t i o
ec f r e ta i n i ng w a ll s T rans A S C E
ns or . . . . . .
, Vol . 4 8, p . 4 86
R iv er Im p r o v m nt— e Har b o r d R i ve r I m p r v
e e s e an o em e nts .
R d s—s
oa ee
“
Pav m nt a d R a d C nstr t i
e
"
e n o o uc on .
R cko
De fi n i t i o n r o m s p c i ficat i ns f C hi cag b ar d f l o ca l i m p r v
f e o o o o o o e
m nt s e Eng N e w s 1 9 1 1 —I 6 8 3
. .
,
-
.
Eng C nt A g 5 1 9 08 p 8 7
. o .
, u .
, , . .
C o nt A p r il 1 4 1 9 1 5 p 3 4 0
.
, , ,
'
. .
S p e c i ficat i s f o st n C M St P R y J h ns n p 1 4 3
on r o e, . . . . o o , . .
R oo f
G a l van iz ed i ro n fo r tr o p i ca l c li m a te . R M . . B ea u fi e l d . Eng C o nt .
No v . 2 0 1 91 2 , p . 5 86 .
Se e a l so B u il d i ng .
5 l0 A p p e n di x D
S e we rs C o ncr t —Co t i e d
,
e e n nu .
p . 72 .
P l ans n d S p c i ficat i o ns f
a e or C ncr t e S w r Man h l e s at Ha m i l t o n
o e e e o .
I ll by L P W l ff Eng . . o . . C o nt Ma y 1 5 1 9 1 2 p 5 5 9
.
, , , . .
Br k ly n S p c i ficat i o ns f
oo e or r i n f rc d c ncr e t tr i p l ut l t s w r
e o e o e, e o e e e ,
S e we r s, Vitrifi ed
t il e h o us e d ra i ns C hi cag p l u m bi ng r d i nanc e Eng N ws
V it ri fi ed . o o . . e ,
1 9 05 —II 4 5 8 ; 1 9 06 — I—3 8 7 -
.
H Th m s n Eng C o nt Ju ly 2 6 1 9 1 1 p 9 9
. o o . . .
, , , . .
S p e c i ficat i ns f r d ra i n t il d s w r p ipe
o d l a yi ng t w a Stat
o e an e e an . o e
Se a l s o P i p V i tr i fi e d
e
“
e, .
Sid w l k C b
e a d G tt r
s, ur an u e
1 —3 4 4 ; Eng C nt Jan 2 0 1 9 09 p 5 2 . o .
, . , , . .
te R p o rt t o Nat l A ss n C e m e nt Us e rs Eng C o nt F b 2 3 1 9 1 0
r . e
’ ’
. . .
, e . , ,
p . 1 77 .
R H Th o m s n Eng C nt Ju ly 1 2 1 9 1 1 p 3 6
.
. . o . . o , , . .
,
St n d ar d s p c i ficat i ns f
a P rt l an d c e m nt s i d e wa lk s ( A d p t e d
e o or o e . o
e c s:
n C i v il Eng i n e r i ng P c k t B o o k by Fr y e p 1 1 1 7 ; Eng i r
e e o e , , . n ee
i ng W r k i n T o wns a n d C i t i e s by Mc C l l g h p 3 5
o , u ou , . .
F or s p c i ficat i o ns f c e m nt s i d wa l k cur b
e d gutt r s e e Han d or e e ,
an e ,
k f C m nt Us rs Mun i c i p a l Eng 2 8 S M e r i d i an
.
B oo or e e e .
, .
St I n d i ana p li s I d
.
, o , n .
D o v e r D l Mun i c i p a l Eng i n e e r i ng V l 3 7 1 9 09 p p 1 8 6 1 8 7
,
e . , o . , , . , .
G ran i t i d s i d e w a lk s St L u i s
o J h ns o n p 1 7 4 , . o . o ,
. .
o , , . e , .
, ,
1 9 00, p p . 1 6
Si v e e
C em ent S i ve S p c i ficat i o ns by R Y F rn r
e e , . . e e . Wo rk o f B ur au e o f
Sig l na s
Stan d ar d s p c i ficat i ns f m c h an i ca l i nt e r l c ki ng d m at r i a l s f
e o or e o an e or
c o nstruct i o n wo r k C o ve rs a ll d e ta il s o f m e c h an i ca l s i gna l s .
.
51 9; 1 9 06 —7 —4 9 1 ; 1 9 07 —8—73 .
a l so W i re
Se e
S p —se e C h e m i ca l s
.
“
oa .
B ib l i o g r a p h y o f S p e c i fi c a t io n s 5] l
Sp e l t e i b Z i nc
—
se e .
St a n dpip e se e
“
T an k s an d Stan d p i p s e .
”
St ea m E n gin es
o f A l t e rnat o r s by E M Ti ng l e y Eng N e ws 1 9 02 —L 4 9 8 , . . . .
, .
I 45 7
-
.
S p e c i ficat i ns st a m ng i n es E d i t r i a l c o m m e nt Ess e nt i a l
o fo r e e . o . re
q i em u t r o t i n gr e at d ta il
en Eng i n rs s m e t i m s un f a i r
s, n e . ee o e , etc .
Eng R e c Vo l 3 9 A p r il 1 1 8 9 9 p p 3 9 3 3 9 4
. .
, .
, , , . , .
Eng i n e s Ne w Or l e ans La J h ns n p 4 04
, , . o o , . .
See a l s St e a m P l ant “
o .
d S p c i ficat i o ns ( P o w e r P l ant E d i t i n )
an e 1 91 3 S p ec i ficat i n o , , o
D i g st e .
( 1 ) G e n e ra l C l au s s p 1 9 e , . .
( 2 ) B o il rs Stac k s p 2 1
e , . .
( 3 ) G s Pr d uc e rs p 2 7
a o , . .
( 4 ) St e a m F i tt i ng p 2 9 , . .
( 5 ) T ur bi n s p 4 0 e , . .
( 6 ) St e a m Eng i n p 45 e, . .
( 8 ) D y na m s p 5 2 o , . .
( 9 ) E l ctr i c w i r i g p 5 4
e n , . .
( 1 0) S w i tc hb ar d s p 6 0 o , . .
( 1 1 ) St rag e B att r y p 6 1o e , . .
( 1 2 ) R f r i g rat i n p 6 3
e e o , . .
( 1 3 ) Fu l p 6 6 e , . .
( 1 4 ) Lu b r i cants Lu b r i cat i n p 6 7 o , . .
S p e c i ficat i ns f r t h o w w at rs i d p w r h us o f t h e N w Yo rk e ne e e o e o e o e
E d i s o n C o m p an y B o k p u bli s h d by t h e N w Y r k E d i s n C . o e e o o c .
,
1 9 07 I nc l u d s s p e c i ficat i ns f t h e f ll wi ng
.
\
e o or o o
( b ) F o un d at i o ns p p 1 1 —2 1 , . .
( 0) Structura l St e l I r o n W o r k p p 2 2 —4 5 e , . .
( d ) Su p rstructur e p p 4 6 —1 5 3
e , . .
( e ) C o a l a n d As h Han d li ng Mac hi n r y p p 1 5 4 1 6 8 e , .
-
.
( f ) Cran e s p p 1 6 9 1 8 4 , .
-
.
( g ) B o il rs a d Su p r h at rs p p 1 8 5 —1 9 5
e n e e e , . .
( h ) B il e r Fr nts p p 1 9 6 1 9 9
o o , .
-
.
( i ) G rat e s p p 2 00—2 03
. , . .
( j ) Ec n m iz e rs p p 2 1 7 —2 2 0
o o , . .
( k ) F o rc d Dra f t A p p aratus p p 2 04 —2 1 9
e , . .
( 1 ) F e d Pu m ps p p 2 2 1 —2 3 6
e , . .
( m ) T ur b o G n e rat o r s p p 2 3 7 2 5 4 e , .
-
.
5 I2 A p p e n di x D
St a m P l ant— Co t e d
e n in u .
( n ) C o n d ns rs p p 2 5 4 —3 00 e e , . .
( 0) P i p i ng p p 3 01 —3 4 7 , . .
( q ) E l e ctr i ca l A p p aratus p p 3 5 5 —4 02 , . .
J o h ns o n p 2 4 0 , . .
St m P l t A xi li i s
ea an u ar e
Ec n m iz e rs N w O r l ans La J o h ns n p 4 1 3
o o ,
e e , . o , . .
C o n d ns rs a d p u m p s N w Or l e ans La J h ns n p 4 1 1
e e n , e , . o o , . .
Se a l s St a m P l ant
“ ”
e o e .
S t l—
ee I r o n d St l
se e an ee .
”
St —se R c k
on e e
“
o .
Sur v ys
e
Sp c i fi
e ti ca f surv y s at Swa t h m o e Pa Eng N e ws 1 8 9 4 —II —1 8
on s or e r ,
. .
, .
Swi t hb o
c d— e
ar E l e ctr i c Ra il wa y
se .
Tan k s d Sta n d p i p s
an e
w a y w at r su p p ly Eng C nt Ap 1 2 1 9 1 1 p 4 1 6
e . . o .
, r .
, , . .
S p c i ficat i o ns f o w at r tan k s ( Su b m i tt d
e d r c o m m n d d as
r e . e an e e e
g d p ract i c by a c o m m i tt e f t h A R E
oo e M W Ass n e o e . . . . .
’
,
, .
, , . .
J o h ns n p 2 3 5 o , . .
c i s f stan d p i p s p c i ficat i ns R e v i w f q ua li t i e s f m at r i a l s
e o e e o . e o o e
a d w r k m ans hi p
n o Eng N w s V l 3 3 F b 2 8 1 8 9 5 p p 1 3 0—1 3 4 . . e , o .
, e . , , . .
ra il wa y s N w S o ut h Wa l s Austra li a Pr o c d i ngs f t h e 2 2 d
,
e e , . ee o u
annua l c nv nt i n f t h e A m r R y B r i d g
o e B u il d i ng Ass n
o o e . . e
’
pp . 7 8—8 2 .
N ws 1 8 9 4—
e 1—3 9 2 431
, , .
D i scuss i ns f Stan d p i p
o S p e c i ficat i ns by W D P nc Eng N w s
o e o , . . e e . . e ,
1 89 5 —I 1 3 0 1 3 6, - -
2 89 —3 5 4 .
I—3 5 4 .
Ge n e ra l d s i gn d s p c i ficat i ns f
e l e vat d structura l st e e l to w r
an e o or e e e
an o o ,
.
, . . o . . e , ,
p 7 02
—
. .
Tel ep h on e L in e se e T rans m i ss i o n L i n e ; ” “
Wi r e .
”
5 l4 A p p e n di x D
Ti m b e r Structura l— C o t i ed
,
-
n -
nn .
D e fin i t i o ns r l at i ng t o structura l t i m b e r ( R e c o m m n d e d f r a d o p
e . e o
t i o n by c o m m i tt ee f A R E M W Ass n R e f e r e nc : o . . . . .
’
, e
, .
, , . . o
o f Am So c f o r T e st Mat
. . . .
Mat e r i a l s t wo s p e c i ficat i o ns 1 9 1 3 Y e ar B o k p p 3 00 3 06 No t e
, . o , .
-
. :
a b o ut s ixt y t h r e e o r sixt y f o ur i n nu m b e r - -
.
J h ns n p 2 04
o o , . .
e l at i o n J o h ns n p 2 07 . o , . .
So ut h e rn Lu m b e r Manu f actur rs A so t i o
'
St a n d a d D i m e si
’
r s n on ,
e s ca n .
J o h ns o n p 2 1 1 , . .
G ra d i ng C o m m n B o ar d s a d R o ug h Lu m b e r S ut h e rn Lu m b e r Man o n , o
u f actur e rs Ass c i at i o n J h ns n p 2 09 ’
o . o o , . .
Ru l s g ve rn i ng t h e i ns p e ct i o n d m e asur m nt o f l u m b e r i n t h e
e o an e e
St Lo u i s m ar k e t J h ns o n p 2 1 2
. . o , . .
Th o r o ug hly s e as o n e d l u m b e r J o h ns o n p 2 1 8 .
, . .
P il e an d tr st l e b r i d g i ng Un i o n Pac i fic R y C J o h ns n p 2 3 8
e , . o . o , . .
Cr i t i c i s m f s o m e s p e c i ficat i o ns E d i t o r i a l C m m e nt Lac k f d e fi
o . o . o n
i t e n ss Too
e li tt l e r gar d f o c m m e rc i a l c l ass i ficat i o ns E g
. e r o . n .
N ws V o l 5 3 F e b 2 3 1 9 05 p p 2 03 —2 05
e , . , . , . .
S p e c i ficat i ns f r l u m b e r ( A d p t e d i n 1 9 1 0 as r e c m m n d d p ra e
o o . o o e e
Ass n Ra il w a y St o r e k e p e rs Ass n
’
,
d var i us l u m b e r m f e
’ ’
, an o an u ac
Ti m b er , Ti s e
N e w s 1 9 04 —I—2 8 5
, .
I I—1 4 2 1 4 9 2 1 5 4 3 0
, , , .
Oa k t i e s s p e c i ficat i ns f
, Eng N e w s 1 9 07 —I—4 6 3 o or . .
, .
S p e c i ficat i ns f o r t i e s C o m m i tt e r e p o rt A R E
o
'
M W Ass n . e . . . . . .
’
,
1 9 05 , V O 1 . 6, p . 7 64 .
S p c i ficat i ns f t i s t i tr e at m nt e t
e o C o m m i tt r p o rt A R
or e , e e ,
c . ee e : . .
E . M W Ass n 1 9 06 V o l 7 ; p 3 4
. .
’
, , . . .
Tim b er Ti M k rs e ar e
Sp ec i fi ca t i o s f o r d at i ng na il f o m ar k i ng t i s
n R e p o rt o f c m m i tt e e r e . o .
A R E. . M W . V l 6 p 7 6 7 ; 1 9 1 0 V l 1 1 p 86 3
.
.
o . , . , o .
, . .
Se e a l s o Ti m b e r T r e at m e nt o f
“
.
,
Ti m b er, T tm t o f
r ea en
T r e at i ng Ti s w i t h Z i nc C hl o r i d e a d T ar O il by O C h nut Eng
e n , . a e . .
N e w s 1 9 00 II —8 0
,
-
.
Ti m b e r T r ea t m e nt o f— Co t i u e d
,
n n .
W o d — Pr s rvat i v T r at m e nt by Sa m u e l Wh i n e r y
o e e e e ,
. Eng N e w s . ,
1 91 1 —I—5 01 .
S p e c i ficat i ns f t i tr e at m e nt C o m m i tt e r e p rt Z i nc c hl o r i d e
o or e . e o . ,
zi nc tann i n cr e o s o t i ng zi nc cr s t e A R E , M W Ass n 1 9 06 , eo o . . . . . .
’
, ,
V l 7 p 3 4 ; 1 9 07 V l 8 p 4 7 6 ; r e v i s d 1 9 1 0 V l 1 1 p 7 3 7
'
o . , . , o .
, . e , o .
, . .
P r s rvat i n o f Ra il r o a d Cr o ss Ti s by O C h anut Pr s A m r S c
e e o -
e , . e, e . e . o .
f C i v il Eng i n
o rs J o h ns n p 4 8 5 ee . o , . .
T st i ng c h l o r i d f zi nc d tar i l Us d f p r s e rv i ng t i m b e r
e e o an o . e or e .
J h ns o n p 4 9 1
o , . .
I m p r gnat i ng p i n e ra il r a d cr ss —
e t i s wi t h a c h l r i d f zi nc s l ut i n o o e o e o o o
w a y s a t Strass b urg J o h ns n p 4 87 . o . .
I m p r gnat i ng b c h d k ra l r a d cr ss t i s w i t h h t c a l tar i l
e ee an oa i o o -
e , o o o
c o nta i n i n g car b o li c ac i d J o h ns o n p 4 8 7 .
, . .
Se e a l s o O il B i tu m i ns “
,
o .
Ti r e s
Stan d ar d s p e c i ficat i o ns f t l t i re s f l c m t i v s t Pr c Am or s ee or o o o e , e c . o . .
T e st Mat V o l 9 1 9 09 p 5 8
. .
, .
, , . .
Se e I ro n a n d St e e l ; Ra il wa y R o lli ng St c k ” “
o .
A S p e c i ficat i o n f o L i n C o nstruct i n o P l s J i nt ly Us d by E l c
r e o n o e o e e
tr i c L i g h t a d T l p h o n e C m p a e by Pau l S p e nc r N E L A
n e e o n s, e . . . . . ,
3 l t C nv s V o l I 1 9 08 p 5 3 7
o .
, .
, , . .
t i o n w i r e c o p p e r a d a l u m i nu m a d c o nstruct i o n f e atur s N E
, , n n e . . .
L A 3 2 n d C nv V o l II 1 9 09 p 3 8 9
. o .
, , . .
F i t ti
r o seEng C nt Jan 1 0 1 9 1 2 p 4 6
. . o .
, . , , . .
Am S T st Mat Y e ar B k 1 9 1 0
. oc . e . oo .
n i s ra il r a d c o m m i ss i n E l c W r l d V o l 6 2 p 3 9
o o o . e . o , .
, . .
T l e p h n e a r i a l li n s E l ctr i c W r l d A p r il 2 5 1 9 03
e o e e . e o , , .
S p e c i ficat i ns f r f urn i s hi ng a d r ct i ng t e l p h n e p l s d p p r
o o n e e e o o e an a u
tract N 8 3 o f t h e B o ar d o f W W o f t h e c i t y f N e w Y o r k
o .
”
. . o .
( Pa m p hl t ) e .
S p e c i ficat i ns f st l cr o ss a m p i ns ( B r ug h t b f r t h Ra il wa y
o or ee -
r . o e o e e
p ract i ca lly t h e
e ee , . e are
s p c i ficat i ns f t h e W st e rn Un i n C o ) Pr c f R y S i g Ass n
e o o e o . o . o . .
’
,
Vol 9, p A 7 —A1 3
“
. . .
Was h by H L E st p Eng N w s V o l 6 7 p 5 2 3 . . e . . e , .
, . .
W i r i ng O f an o ffic e b u il d i ng S p c i ficat i ns f
. B u il d i ng f m d e rn ,
e o or . o o
t y p e sa y t we nt y st or i e s hi g h W i r e d f o r li g h ts t e l e p h o n e e l e ctr i c
,
. , ,
5 6 A p p e n di x D
T rans m i ss i n L i n — C t i d o es on nue .
c l c k c o nn ct i o n m ss ng e r ca ll s a d t h e r s rv i c Eng R
o e Vol ,
e e n o e e . . ec
3 2 S p t 7 1 89 5 p p 2 6 1 2 6 2
,
e .
, , .
, .
J o h ns n p 2 5 9 o , . .
( R e c o m m n d d by c m m i tt e f Nat E l e c L i g h t Ass n i n
’
e e o e o . .
e e e e: e , e o an o o e o
v ti o f th
en Nat E l e c L i g h t Ass n T ec h n i ca l S ss i ns p p 5 6 0
on e . .
’
e o , .
5 80 No t e : Cr e at i n f nat i na l j i nt c o m m i tt e e n ve r h a d li n
. o o o o o o e e
c o nstruct i n r e c m m e n d d o o e .
S p e c i ficat i o ns f H i g h T ns i n L i n C o nstruct i n f r t h On i d a Ra il
or e o e o o e e
w y C o N e w Y r k Stat e
a H y d r E l ctr i c D v l o p m nts a d Eng i
. o ,
“
o e e e e n
n r i ng by K o st r p p
ee , e e , .
A l so s Wir ee
“
e .
Tunn e ls
T unn e l s H e nr y S Dr i n k r Hau p t p 1 6 1. . e .
, . .
Se e a l s Ra il wa y s ; d Excavat i o n “ ”
o an .
T urbi \V t “ h l
n e a er f ee s
T ur bi n e w at e r w h e l s Wat r p o w r s y st m o f Au st i n T xas J h n e . e e e , e . o
so n , p . 252 .
Tu rpen t i ne
Vo l . 1 3, 1 91 3, p . 3 65 .
1 4 , 1 9 1 4, p . 342 .
Va lv s e
St p va l v e s St L u i s wat e r d p art m nt J h ns n p 2 00
o . o e e . o o , . .
Se e a l s H y d rants o .
V i d ct
a u
K i g h i g h w y — R i n f rc e d C o ncr t
n s St L i s Mo by M ont S h y
a e o e e, . ou , .
, . c u
le Eng N e w s 1 9 1 2 —I—1 2 2 8
r . . .
S e als B rid g
‘ “
e o e .
W t M te
’
a er e rs
Sp e i fi t io c f B al ti m re Md
ca Eng N w s 1 9 02 —II 3 5 6
ns o o , . . e ,
-
.
San D i g Ca l ( m at r i a l s d d e ta il s ) Eng C o nt S p t 2 3 1 9 1 4
e o, . e an . . .
, e . ,
p . 2 91 .
Ge n e ra l s p c i ficat i ns un d e r w hi c h 3 4 a d 6
e o ,
”
n me t e rs o f v l c i t y e o
Feb . 2 5 , 1 9 1 4, p . 2 43 .
W a t er Pr oofin g
S p e c i ficat i o ns f o wat e r p r o o fing e ng i n ee r i ng structur s w i t h b i t m i
0
r e u n
o s m m b ran s
u Pa p r b f r W S E by W H F i n l e y Eng
e e . e e o e . . . . . .
C o nt Ju ly 1 0 1 9 1 2 p 3 9 , , . .
5 8 A p p e n di x D
—
W i r in g se e T rans m i ss i o n L i n e .
—
W o o d P r e s e r va t i v e s se e O il ;
“ ” “
Ti m b e r T r at m e nt :
e
Zi n c
Zi nc A b stract o f P e nns yl van i a R R sp e c1 fi ca t i s f o m at e r i a l s I n
. . . on r .
p ract i ca l u se f s e ve ra l y e ars R p r i nt r e c m m n d e d by S c o f
or . e o e o .
T e st Mat V o l 1 1 1 9 1 1 p 1 4 6
. .
, . , , . .
Se e a l s G a l van izi ng
“
o .
l NDEX
c o ntract 2 44 e t hi c s 62 n ee rs, , .
,
A bili t y va l u o f 1 7
, e A m e r i can I nst i tut f C o nsu l t i ng E n
, .
e o
1 42 .
Am e r i can I nst i tute o f E l e ctr i ca l Eng i
Acce ss r i g h t o f c l au s i n c o ntract 2 2 0
,
e e r s e t hi cs 6 0
, e , . n , , .
A d v rt i s em nt
e e A m e r i can P u bli c W o r k s A ssoc i at i o n
, ,
ana l y s i o f 1 88 s 1 76 , . .
o ut li n e f 1 88 o t hi cs 6 4
,
. e , .
p ur p o f 1 86 o se A m r i can S c i t y o f Eng i n e r i ng C o
, . e o e e n
w o r k s h u l d b aut h r iz d 1 87 o tract o rs 1 7 4 e o e ,
.
, .
t i m a ll we d 1 89 e o A m r i can S oc i t y o f T st i ng M at e r i a l s
, . e e e ,
A d v rt i s i ng d l e t t i g c o ntract 1 86
e an act i v i t i e s o f 2 89
'
n , ,
.
, .
Ad ve rt i s i ng , Ana ly s i s f s p c i ficat i o n w r i t i ng 2 7 7 or e , .
f o p o s it i o n 3 6
r A p p ra i l , . sa ,
p r i vat w r k 1 86 e o bi as i n 2 5 ,
.
, .
Ag nt
e ,
stat c m m i ss i o ns 1 3 3 e o , .
auth o r i t y f 1 2 0 Ap p ra i s r 6
o , . e , .
cap ac i t y t o c ntract 1 41 A p p r p r i at i ns m un i c i p a l f o r s rv i c
o ,
. o o , e e,
d ut i s o f 1 2 0 e ,
118 . .
eng i n r as 1 2 0 ee Ap p r o va l p r li m i nar y c l a u se i n co n
, .
, e ,
c l aus i n c o nt ract 2 41
e tract 2 3 0 , .
, .
Agr m nt
ee e , A q e d uct C o m m i ss i n o f Ne w Yo r k u o ,
g n ra l c l a s e s 2 1 1
e e Ar bi t e r 6 u , .
, .
( a l s o C ntract
see ng i ne r “
1 21 o e e as , .
1 36 . c l aus e i n c ntract 1 81 2 3 2 o , , .
Agr m nts o t li n e f r 2 1 1
ee e ,
u f d i s p ut es 1 8 1 o , . o , .
1 49 .
p r gr e ss o f 1 83 o , .
A l u m i nu m , Ar bi trar y s p c i ficat i on 2 6 7 e s, .
sp c i ficat i ns f o w i r e 3 06
e o A m r i can I nst i tute 48 5 8 r ,
. e , ,
.
A m bi g s s p c i ficat i o ns 2 6 6
u ou e ( , . se e
ad v i c o f 4 9 e ,
21 3 . .
ar bi trat i n r c om m e n d t i n 2 3 2 Ass i gn m nt 3 3 4 3 48
o , e a o ,
. e , , .
e t hi cs 5 8 , . su bj ects f s p ec i ficat i o ns 3 82 or , .
5 20 I n de x
un f a i r r q u i r m ents 2 69 e e ,
t i ns 3 9 0
. o ,
.
c o ntract 2 2 6 , .
B u il d i ng ut li n e s p c i ficat i o ns 3 84 , o e , .
o , o , e on
, , .
Aut h o r i t y ,
tract 2 5 6 , .
f ag nts 1 2 0
o e ,
.
B s i ne s u s,
f ng i n e r 1 2 1 2 2 4
o e e , , .
att ent i n t o 2 8 o , .
e ng i n r i n 47 ee , .
B an k ru p tc y , d i sc h arg e of c ntract by
o l t t rs 9 0 ,
e e , .
1 49 .
transact i ns 2 04 o , .
B i as 2 2 , .
a p p ra i sa l 1 3 3 , .
Ca l or i fi c p rt i s 2 9 4 r op e e , .
d i sp ut s f r m 1 84 e o , . Ca p ac i t y t c o ntract 1 3 9 o , .
xp rt 1 3 1
e e ,
. Car l ssn ss i n s p e c i ficat i o ns 2 6 4 2 7 9
e e e , , .
j u d ge s 1 3 1 , . Casua l t i e s ff ct on w r k 1 5 4 , e e o , .
B i d d rs e , br nze 2 9 1
o , .
to t ract 2 2 1 , .
qu li ficat i o ns o f 2 00
a ,
. C h arac t r 1 6 e , .
B i d d i ng ,
C h m i ca l Eng i n e rs A m r i ca n I nst i
e e , e
c o m p et i t i o n 1 7 1 , . tut e e thi cs 6 2 , , .
c m p t i t i v w st i n 1 6 1
o e e, a e , . C hi c g Archi t cts B us i n ss Ass oc i a
a o e e
li t ratur 1 6 6 2 02
e e, , . t i n 1 83
o , .
B id s ,
C hi cago Dra i nag Cana l s p c i ficat i ns e ,
e o
o p n i ng 2 0 e 1 ,
. f xcavat i n 3 1 4
or e o , .
r ec e i v i ng d o p en i ng 2 00 an , . C i t iz n ng i n r as 4 7
e , e ee , .
r ej ct i o n o f 1 9 7
e , . C i v il Eng i n e rs Am e r i can S o c i t y e t h e , e ,
s cur i ng l w 1 7 3 2 7 0 3 7 0
e o , , , . i cs , 64 .
s cur i t y w i t h 1 9 7
e , . C i v iliz at i o n o r i g i n o f 1 03 , , .
h u l d b e s a l d 2 01
s o e e ,
. C i v il l a w 1 05 , .
B l ast i ng 3 3 1 ,
. C la i m s ,
B ock C A v i ws o f 93 l a b r p t t i o g a i ns t 2 43
‘
, . .
,
e , . f or o , ro ec n a , .
B il r ( St a m B il e r m at r i a l p r t ct i o n aga i nst
“
o e se e e o f or e , o e ,
B ndo ,
2 43 .
f o rm o f 2 3 8 , . g n e ra l f o agr em nt 2 1 1
e r e e , .
s p arat i nstru m nt 2 1 1
e e e , . i n c ntract ( s e C ntract o e
“
o
B o nus c l a s e i n c ntract 2 5 0
, u o , .
B os t o n c o ntra c t c st p l us p r e m i u m
, o , 2 65 .
1 66 . C li nts d ut y t o 4 5
e , , .
B r v i t y i n s p c i ficat i o ns
e e , 2 62 . C d e f t hi cs 5 8
o o e , .
522 I n de x
C o ntract— C on .C ntrac t — C o o n .
g ne ra l sa m p l 407
e , v i d a bl e 1 3 8 e, . o , .
h ne st y i n li t ratur e 1 84
o , w ast e i n c o m p e t i t i ve bi d d i ng 1 6 1
e , .
, .
i nc o ns i st nc y i n 1 47 e wr i tt n 1 3 7 , . e , .
i n f e rr d 1 3 7 e ,
w r i tt e n agr m e nts n e c e ss i t y f o
. ee ,
r,
i ns p ct i n d su p rv i s i n 2 1 9
e o an 20 1 e o , . .
i nstruct i ns t o bi d d e rs 1 9 3 2 09
o wr i tt n exe c t o r y 2 0 7 , , . e u , .
i nt r p r e tat i n o f 1 4 6 2 1 9 2 2 5
e C o ntract C l aus s
o , , , .
, e ,
i ntr o d uc t i o n 2 1 1 a b an d n m nt d f o r f i tur 2 4 4
, . o e an e e, .
j o i nt 1 3 7 , . ar bi t rat i n 2 3 2 o , .
l a w o f li t e ratur ,
1 50 ass i gnm nt d su bl tt i ng 2 4 4
e, . e an e ,
.
l w un d r w hi c h i nt r p r t d 2 1 2
a e ass i stants d i ns p cto rs 2 2 6 e e e , . an e , .
l e ga li t y o f bj ct 1 44 o b o n d s e c r i t i s d p c i a l gu r
e , .
, u e an s e a
l e tt i ng 2 01 , . t es 2 3 7 an e , .
l e tt e r 2 05 , . b o nus 2 5 0 , .
l tt r acc p tanc f 2 06
e e ,
e c h ang s a l t rat i ns an d extra
e o , . e ,
e o
li m i t i ng t i m 1 89 e, w rk 2 2 1 . o , .
liqu i d at d d a m ag s 2 1 5 e ch aract r o f w r k m n 2 5 2 e , . e o e , .
l u m p m 1 60 su ,
c nstruct i o n p l ant 2 5 5
. o , .
n g t i a bl 1 43
e o e, c ntract o r s a d d r e ss 2 4 1
. o
’
, .
n go t i at i ns f o c nstruct i o n 1 7 1
e o c o n t ract o r s ag e nt 2 4 1
r o , .
’
, .
o ff r e d cc p tanc e 1 4 2
an a c o ntract r s b u il d i ngs 2 5 6
e , o
’
, .
o ra l 1 3 8 . d f cts d th i r r m ed i s 2 5 4 e e an e e e , .
o ut l n e 2 1 0 2 1 7
i , ,
d fin t rm s . d xp l a i n p l ans e e e an e ,
p ar o l 1 3 9 , . 229 .
p art i s t o d at h
e i nc o m p e t nc y
, d i scr p nc i s
e d m i ss i ns 2 2 2
or e , e a e an o o , .
21 3 . m e rg nc i s 2 3 0 e e e , .
p art i t o d s i gnat i n o f 2 1 2
es ,
est i m at e s d p a y m nts 2 3 3 o , . e an e .
p a y m e nts 2 1 5 ,
xtra w r k 2 3 4
. e o , .
p e rs o na l s kill 2 1 3 f o r f e i tur
, 2 47 . e, .
p r p arat i o n o f 2 0
e 8 hi n d ranc s d d l a y 2 5 3
, . e an e s, .
p u bli c w o r k 1 68 , i ns p ct i n a d s p e rv i s i n 2 1 7
. e o n u o , .
quas i 1 3 7 , . i ns p ct rs 2 2 7 e o , .
r ec e i v i ng a d o p n i ng bi d s 2 01 n i nt r p r ta t i n f p h ras s 2 1 7
e ,
. e e o o e , .
r qu i r m nts f va li d 1 3 9 2 07
e e e i nt xi cants 2 5 6
o , , . o ,
.
r a li t y o f c ns ent 1 45
e o li n s d gra d e s 2 2 8 ,
. e an , .
sa m p l f 3 99 e o , liqu i d a t ed d a m ag s 2 5 0
. e , .
s cur i ng l w b i d 1 7 3
e o l ss s d d a m age s 2 5 2, . o e an , .
s c r i ty wi th 1 9 9
e u o b s rvanc e o f l a w s 2 4 1
, . e , .
s eve ra l 1 3 7 , p a y m e nts 2 33 , .
s i gnatur s t o 2 1 6 e p a y m ents d e l a y d 2 3 4
, .
, e , .
s p c i ficat i o ns
e p e r so na l atte nt i o n o f c o ntract r
, o
t i m e o f co m p l t i o n 2 1 4 2 41 e , . .
un d r s a l 1 3 8
e e , p rs o ns i nt r st e d 2 4 0
. e e e , .
un i l at ra l 1 3 6
-
e , p l ans acc es s ibl e o n wo r k 2 5 2
.
, .
un i t p r i c s 1 60 e , p o li c e r gu l at i o n s 2 5 5
.
e , .
un j t p r ov i s i o ns 1 7 8
us p r e li m i nar y a p p r va l 2 3 0
, .
o , .
I n de x
C ntract C l au se s—C o n
o ,
.
p ri c f e wo r k 2 3 6
or c ns i d e r t i o n i n d s i gn 3 7 6
, . o a e ,
.
p r gr ss rat e f 2 47
o e ,
st i m at s 3 7 8
o , . e e , .
p r p rt y
o e t f urn i s h d by first
, e c p l us fix d s m c o ntract 1 6 5
.
, e e u , .
p r t ct i n aga i nst c l a i m s f or l a b o r
o e o p l us var i a bl p r m i u m c o ntract e e ,
and m a t e r i a l 2 43 1 65 , . .
p r o t ct i o n ag i nst n e g li g e nc
e a d p u bli s h e d v l u
a f 3 80 e n , a e o , .
d a m ag 2 42 e, unc rta i nt i s 3 7 9
. e e , .
p r o t ct i o n aga i nst r y a l t i
e 2 43 wo rk nc rta i nt i s i n 1 5 2 o e s, . , u e e , .
p r o t e ct i n o f wo r k 2 5 3
o C ourt ( ee , . s s
quant i t i s a d m asur m nt 2 2 8
e n e e e , .
r ta i n d p rc ntag 2 3 7
e e e D a m ag s e e, . e ,
r i gh t f acc ss 2 2 0
o e C l aus e i n c ntra ct 2 5 2
, . o , .
r i g h t t m o d i f y m t h d s d qu i p
o liqu i d at d 1 9 8 2 1 5 e o an e e , , .
m nt 2 3 0
e , . p r t e ct i o n aga i nst c l au se i n co o , n
r i g h t t o r ta i n i m p r f ect w r k 2 3 1
e tract 2 42 e o , . , .
su p rv i s i o n o f wo r k 2 2 6
e Data s i n r p rt 1 02 , . , u e e o , .
sur t i s 2 3 7
e e , D y lab o r
. a ,
t i m e d o r d e r o f c o m p l t i o n 2 46
an a d vantag s o f 1 5 1 e , . e , .
C ontract i ng k n o wl d g r e qu i r ed 4
,
d c o n t ract s y st m s ( s e
e e F o rc , .
an e e e
C ntract s y st e m s li t e ratur e 1 66
o ,
1 51 , . .
,
e , .
2 41. D c i s i ns j ud i c i a l ( s Law e o , ee
2 41. c ntract 2 5 4 o ,
.
, n e o o o , .
tract 2 5 6 , . D l ay s e ,
Co ntr ct o rs c h aract r i s t i cs f 1 7 9
a ,
d p na l t i s li t ratur
e 258 o , . an e e , e e, .
D s i gn 3 7 5
.
c st o f wo r k 1 5 6
o , . e , .
C o ntracto r f a i rn e ss t war d 1 7 6
, b as i s o f 3 7 5 o , .
, .
C ntract r s n t i c sam p l e 4 00
o o
’
o f ls c n m y in 377
e, , . a e e o o , .
i n c ntract 2 4 1
o w n rs hi p o f 1 2 2
, . o e , .
r s p ns ibili t y o f 2 40 2 6 8 2 83 2 93
e o p c i ficat i ns 3 4 1 , , , , . s e o , .
r i gh ts o f 1 7 8 1 87 ,
D e ta il d s p c i ficat i ns 2 8 1 (
, . ls e e o , see a o
v i wp o i nt o f 1 7 3
e D v l p m nt f s p ec i ficat i ons 2 86
, . e e o e o , .
v i e wp i nt c h ang i n 1 7 9
o , D i agra m s s i n r p rt 1 02
e , .
,
u e e o , .
C r p rat i o ns au t h o r i t y t o c o ntract D i s h n e st y
o o , , o ,
118 . i n c m p t i t i v l tti ng 1 7 1 o e e e , .
C r p rat i ns ca p ac i t y t c ntract 1 41
o o o ,
i n s p c i ficat i ns 2 6 4 o o , . e o , .
5 24 I n de x
D i s p ute s ar bi trat i o n ,
o f , 1 81 . E m p l o y m nt—C e on .
D ra i n i ng 3 2 9 , . p r f ss i na l 1 1 8
o e o , .
D ra w i ngs ,
r f r nc s f 9 2
e e e e or, .
b a s i s f o s p c i fica t i ns 4 2 8 r e o , . s cur i ng 3 5
e ,
r e f r nc t i n c ntract 2 1 0
e e e o o , . s l ec t i ng 3 9
e , .
Dr illi ng 3 3 1 , . te r m i nat i o n o f 1 1 8 , .
Drunk n p e rs ns ca p ac i t y t o c o ntract
e o , , va l u s f var i o us 4 1
e o , .
1 40 . Eng i n ( se St ea m Eng i n
e e e
Du d l y Dr c nc l s i o ns f 3 01
e , .
, o u o , . Eng i n r ee ,
D ur ss gr un d f o
e av i d i ng c o ntract
, o r o , ag nt 1 2 0
e , .
1 45 . a p p ra i sa l o f p u bli c ut ili t i es 1 3 2 ,
.
D ut i s e ,
ar bi te r 6 2 1 1 80 , , , .
t p r o f ss i n 4 7
o e o , . ar bi trar y c o ntr o l 2 6 7 , .
to s i t y 47 oc e , . attr ib ut e s o f 1 5 3 , .
t o su bo r d i nat e s , 44 . aut h r i t y o f 1 2 1 2 2 4
o , , .
b us i n ss 4 7 e , .
Eart h wo r k , c i t iz n 4 7 e , .
c l ass i fic t i o n 3 1 7 3 1 8 3 2 0 a , , , . c li e nt s caus 1 7 8 ’
e, .
s pec i ficat i o ns 3 1 2 3 1 6 , , . c m m rc i a l 4 3
o e , .
Edd y H P 1 5 8
, . . . d i s i nt r st d p art y 1 80
e e e , .
E d ucat i o n , d ut i s f 3 1 3 4
e o , , .
ngi n r i ng 1 6
e ee , , . e d ucat i o n o f 1 , .
ng i n r i ng li t ratur 1 4
e ee ,
e e, . e ff ct o c o st o f w o r k 1 5 3
e n , .
e ng i n r i ng g n ra l 42 ee , e e , . e xp r t w i tn e ss 5 1 2 7
e , , .
ng i n r i ng p r p s a d r su l ts
e ee , u o se n e fi l d 42
e , .
‘
o f, 33 . f unct i ns f 1 o o , .
ng i n r i ng s p c i a lizi ng 7
e ee ,
e , . i nt r p r tat i o n o f c o ntract 2 2 5
e e , .
tut e t hi cs 6 0
e, 2 67
, . .
E l ctr i ca l p r p rt i s 2 9 5
e k n w l d ge n ece ar y f r f rc
o e e , . o e ss o o e ao
E l ctr i c g n rat r g n ra l r qu i r e
e e co unt wo r k 1 5 9
e o , e e e , .
m nt s 3 47
e , l ga l p r c e d i ngs 1 2 3
. e o e , .
E l m nts o f r e p rts 1 00
e e li bili ty o f 1 2 1
o , . a , .
Em rg nc i s c l aus i n c ntract 2 3 0
e e e ffic, 42 e o , . o e, .
E m p l y r s v i w p o i nt 9 3
o e
’
p w rs f 1 2 1 1 81
e , . o e o , , .
E m p l o y m nt 1 1 7 e p r f ss i o na l m p l y m nt 1 1 9
, . o e e o e , .
ch ang f 4 0 e o r p rt 5 , . e o , .
c nsu l tat i n 1 2 3
o r s p o ns ibili t y f 3 7 0
o ,
. e o , .
c ntr a cts f 1 1 7
o To th sat i s f act i n o f 2 88
or, .
“
e o , .
ff ct f a bili t y t w r i t e 9 7
e e o unc rta i nt i s i n c st d t o 1 5 3 o , . e e o ue ,
.
ng i n e r i ng 3 5
e e v i e w p i nt c h ang i n 1 80
, . o , e , .
xa m p l
e f l tt rs f 95 wo rk o f 3 3
es o e e or, .
, . .
first j b 3 7 o Eng i n r i ng
, . ee ,
l tt rs f a p p li cat i o n 9 1 9 3
e e o bus i n ss 4 7 , , . e , .
li t ratur 5 2 e d ucat i n 6
e, . e o , .
n c ss i t y f o xp rt 1 2 3
e e e d ucat i n li t e ratur
r e 14 e , . o , e, .
I n de x
Ge n ra l r e q u i r
e nts f o s p e c i fica t i ns I ns p ct r
eme r o , e o ,
3 4 2 3 44 3 4 5 3 4 7
, , , a t h r i t y f 2 62 2 6 7
. u o o , , .
G v rn m nt e m p l o y m nt 4 3
o e e c l aus e i n c ntract 2 2 6 2 2 7 e , . o , ,
.
G r a d uat s va l u e f 34 ,
d t i es o f 2 2 7
e o ,
. u , .
G ra m m ar 7 5 , . I nstruct i o ns ,
G uarant e 288 e, t. bi d d rs 1 93 o e ,
.
g e n e ra l f m ac hi n r y 3 6 1 ,
or t o bi dd e rs d e ta il s o f 1 9 4 e , . , , .
li t rat r 2 5 7
e u e, ut li n f 1 9 4 . o e or, .
r s p o ns ibili t y i n 2 83
e I nst i tut i o n f Mun i c i p a l d C unt y
, . o an o
s p c i a l c l aus e i n c ntract 2 3 7
e Eng i n e rs 1 81 o , . e , .
s p c i ficat i o n by 2 9 7
e I ntoxi cants c l aus i n c ntract 2 5 6, .
, e o , .
st a m bo il e r 3 6 4
e I nve nt i ns o wn rs hi p o f 1 2 2
, . o , e , .
t i m e o f 3 97 , I nv st i g t i n
. e a o ,
va l u o f 2 9 7 e ,
c nsu l tat i n 1 2 4
. o o , .
Ha zar d s co nstruct i n 3 7 8
, d p w e ll 373 o , . ee s, .
H a l t h va l u o f 1 7
e , e d s i ra bili t y f
, 2 69 . e or , .
H ar e r ca p ac i t y o f 7 2
e , d i fficu l t i s 3 7 2 , . e , .
H i n d ranc s d d l a y s cl aus i n o
e an n ec ss i t y f 3 7 0e , e c n e or, .
tract 2 5 3 , . s e w rs 3 7 4 e , .
H n st y n c ss i t y f 4 6
o e ,
e e s p c i ficat i ns f p r o c ss s 3 1 1 or, . e o or e e , .
H n st y va l u e o f 5 6
o e ,
r e p rt 9 8 9 9 ,
. o , , .
H m an l a w s ( see Laws
u
“
I gn o ranc i n s p c i ficat i o ns 2 6 4
e J e a l us y 3 0
e , . o , .
I gn ranc i n sp c i ficat i o n w r i t i ng 2 7 9 Ju d gm nt va l u f 2 0
o e e , . e ,
e o , .
I m p e r f ct w o r k r i gh t t r ta i n c l aus e J d i i l d c i s i n (
e ,
L w o e ,
u c a e o se e a
i n c ntract 2 3 1
o ,
Jur i d i ct i n f c rt (
. L w s o o ou se e
“
a
I nc o ns i st e nc y i n c ntract 1 47 Just i n i an c d 1 05 o , . o e, .
I nd fin i t e s p c i ficat i o ns 2 6 3
e e , .
I n d e t r m i nat s p ec i ficat i o ns 2 6 5
e e K n o wl d g , . e e,
I n fl u e nc aff ct i ng l tt i ng f co ntract
e e bi as f 2 2 e o ,
o , .
20 1 . of s lf 2 1 e , .
I n fl u nc un d u gr und f r av o i d i ng
e e, p ract i ca l 3 3
e, o o , .
c ntr ct 1 4 6
o a ,
r q i r d f o s p c i ficat i ns
. e u e r e o ,
I n fl u nc va l u e f 3 6
e e, r qu i r d f w r i t i ng 7 4
o , . e e or , .
I n f r m at i n c nc rn i ng wo r k wh e r
o o r su l t s o f l ac k o f 2 9 2
o e , e e , .
o b ta i n d 1 9 6 e , .
I nsp ct i on 2 2 7
e , L b r ff ct c st f w o r k 1 5 5
. a o , e e on o o , .
I ns p ct i n
e o , Languag e ( e s e
b y r m va l o f w o r k 2 7 0
e o L w , . a ,
xp r i e nc e f r 2 96
e e c i v il 1 05 1 1 2
o , .
, ,
.
li t ratur 2 5 7
e e, cl ass i ficat i o n ge n e ra l 1 1 0
.
, , .
m t r ials 2 95
a e , co m m o n 1 05 1 06 1 1 2
.
, , .
s p c i ficat i o n by 2 9 5
e c o ntract s i nt r p r e tat i n f 2 1 2
, . , e o o ,
.
I n de x 527
L aw—C on . L a w— C o n .
c o ntracts li t r a t r e 1 5 0 , p r c e d nt 1 0
e 7 u , . e e , .
c ntract p u bli c wo r k 1 6 8
o , p u bli c w r k o ntracts 1 68 ,
. o c , .
c ourt ap p e a l Un i t e d Stat e s
,
115 r as n f 5 4
, ,
. e o or, .
c urt c i rc i t 1 07 1 1 5
o , u r f r m d s i ra bl 1 3 2
, , . e o , e e, .
c urts c om m on 1 07 1 1 5
o ,
r m d i a l 1 08 1 1 1 1 1 5
, , . e e , , , .
c ur ts e qu i t y 1 09 1 1 5
o , r v i s i o n o f 1 07
, , . e , .
c urts j ust i c e 1 07 1 1 5
o ,
r i gh t s p r i m ar y 1 1
, ,
. , ,
c o urt sup r m e 1 07
,
e s p c i a l 1 09, . e ,
.
c urt su p r em e stat 1 1 5
o ,
s b d i v i s i o n f c m m o n 1 08
,
e, . u o o , ,
c urt su p r e m e Un i t d S tat
o , 108 su b stant i v 1 08 1 1 1
, e e s, , e, , .
115 . unw r i tt n 1 1 2 e , .
c urt Un i t d Stat e s 1 1 5
o , e va l u f k n wl e d g e 1 1 0 , . e o o , .
c ust m ar y usag 1 06
o w i tn ss es s l e ct i o n o f 1 2 5
e, . e , e , .
d e fin i t i o ns 1 1 0 ,
w r i tt n 1 1 1 . e , .
d es i ra bl r e f o r m 1 3 2 e w r i tt n d un w r i tt e n 1 0
,
5 . e an , .
d e v l p m nt o f 1 0
e o 6 e w r ngs 1 1 , .
o ,
d i vi ne 1 0 4 111 114
, , L ga li t y o f o bj ct f c ntract 1 44
, . e ,
e o o , .
e cc l e s i a st i ca l 1 1 1 1 1 5 L ga l p r oc d i ngs ng i n r i n 1 2 3
, , .
e ee . e ee , .
e n f o rc em e n t o f 1 1 4 L e ga l r l at i ns 1 1 1 1 7
, . e o , , .
e v l ut i o n f 1 03
o o ,
l i t e ratur e 1 3 5 . , .
e xa m i n t i f a t c h n ica l
on L e ga l r i g h ts 1 08 o e , .
n ss s 1 2 6
e e ,
L ga l w r ngs 1 08
. e o , .
e xp rt wi tn ss 5
e e L e ga l ( , L w ) . s ee
“
a
”
f un d a m nta l 1 0 9 e L e tt rs 9 0
, . e , .
g ne ra l c l ass i ficat i n 1 1 0
e ap p li cat i n 9 1 o , . o , .
h u m an 1 04 1 1 1 , , a p p li cat i n xa m p l s 9 5
. o ,
e e , .
h u m an d v l p m nt f 1 04, e e o bus i n ss 9 0 e o , . e , .
i nt rnat i na l 1 1 1 1 1 5
e o c o ntract by 2 05
, , .
, .
i nt rp r tat i n f c ntr ct 2 1 2
e e o co ntract by acc p tanc 2 06
o o a , . e e, .
j ur i d i ct i on f c urt 1 07
s o i m p rtanc e f 9 0 o , . o o ,
.
k n o wl d g va l u f 1 2 1 1 0
e e, r c m m n d at i n 3 5 e o , , . e o e o , .
li m i tat i o ns o f 5 4 L e tt i ng c ntract 1 86 2 01
, .
o , , .
li te ratur l a w 1 1 6 e, d i s h n st y i n 1 7 1
, .
o e , .
li te ratur e c o ntracts 1 5 0 , f r m a li t i s i n 1 89 , . o e , .
m o ra l 1 04 1 1 1 1 1 5
, , i n fl nc 2 01 , .
ue e s, .
m un i c i p a l 1 05 1 1 1 1 1 5 , r str i ct d 1 7 2
, , . e e , .
d fin i t i o ns 1 1 2
e t i m e a ll o w e d 1 89
, .
, .
so urc s f 1 1 1e o , L i a bili ty .
,
natura l 1 04 1 1 1 1 1 4 , , f ng i n r 1 21 , . o e ee , .
2 41 .
L i m hy d rat e d sa m p l s p e c i ficat i n e, , e o ,
o r i g i n o f 1 06 , 423 .
.
o r i g i n natur e d d ve l o p m nt o f
, L i m i tat i o ns o f s p e c i ficat i ns 2 86
an e e o , .
10 3 .
L i m i t i ng d p r o t ect i ng w r k 3 2 9 an o .
,
p o s i t i ve 1 1 1 , L i m i t i ng ti m e 1 89
.
, .
5 28 I n de x
c l aus i n c ntract 2 5 0
e o bibli gr p hy o f 3 1 0 , .
o a , .
li t e ratur e 2 5 8 , Mat r i a l .
e ,
L i t ratur e
e , c l ass i ficat i n 3 2 2 o ,
.
a d v rt i s i ng
e d l e tt i ng c o ntract c ontr o l by p c i ficat i n 2 9 4
an , s e o , .
20 2 .
d f ct i v 2 5 4 293 e e e, , .
g n ral c n d i t i ns f c o ntract
e e , of un d a m e nta l 2 86 o o ,
, .
2 56 .
i nfl u nc f s p c i ficat i ns 2 82 e e o e o ,
.
d y lab r
a d c o ntract s y st e m s
o i nv st i gat i n o f 2 9 9
an , e o , .
1 65 .
p r o p rt i s 2 9 4 e e , .
d l ay s
e d p na l t i s 2 5 8
an qua li t i s 3 2 3
e e ,
.
e , .
d ucat i n
e t hi cs 1 4 o , qua li t i s t o s p c i f y 3 00
e , .
e e , .
ng i n e r at w o r k 5 2
e e s h r i n k ag 3 2 4 , . e, .
t hi cs 69
e , .
(S S p c i ficat i o ns f ee
“
e or
xtra w r k 2 5 8
e o
Mc c u ll oug h Ern st sugg e st i o n o f 2 2 7
, .
, e , .
gua rant s 2 5 7
,
ee
M asur m nt
, .
e e e
i ns p ct i n 2 5 7
,
e o ,
c l aus e i n co ntract 2 2 8
.
, .
l w 116a , .
cust m ar y 2 2 8 o
l a w o f c ntracts 1 5 0
.
,
o
xcavat i n 3 2 4 , .
e o
l ga l r l at i o ns 1 3 5
.
,
e e
sa m p l s p c i ficat i n 42 6
, .
e e o
l e tt e rs a d r p o rts 1 02
.
,
n
M rg r d i sc h arg f c o ntract by 1 49
e , .
e e e o
liqu i d at d d a m ag s 2 5 8
.
, ,
e e
m at e r i a l s 3 1 0
M t h d s r i g h t t m d i f y c l aus i n o
, .
e o , o o , e c n
,
tract 2 3 0 .
p r p arat i n f s p c i ficat i o ns 2 7 4
, .
e o o e
s p c i ficat i ns t ch n i ca l 2 85
e o
M i a m i C ns rvanc y D i s t r i ct a b an d n
e
, .
o e , o
m nt d f r f i t r e 2 44
, , .
e an o e u
succ ss 3 2 e
, .
M i a m i C ns rvanc y D i str i ct f r m o f
.
,
f Eng li s h 8 7
o e , o
use o
b n
.
,
d 238
w r k s c nstr ct e d un d r c ntract
o ,
.
o o u e o
M i n rs ca ac i t y c ntract
,
p t 1 39 o o o
1 84
.
, ,
.
w o r k f e ng i n e r 5 2 o
M i r p r s ntat i n gr ound f av i d i ng
e , .
s e e e o ,
or o
L ss e s a d d am ag s c l aus i n c o ntract
o n
c ntract 1
e
45
e
o ,
.
i k av i d i ng c ntract
,
M sta gr n
,
d f e, ou or o o
252 .
,
Lu m p s m c ntract 1 6 0
u o
1 45
, .
.
L y nn Mas p r gr ss r qu i r m nts M r y R i c h r d 1 7 3
, s . o e e e e ,
o e , a , .
2 49 .
M rgan A E r p rt o f 2 3 8 o , . .
,
e o , .
M nici p l u a ,
Ma d i s n W i s sa m p l c ntract 3 9 9
o , ,
ap p r p r i t i ons f o s rv i c 1 1 8
e o , .
o a r e e, .
Mac hi n e r y ,
l w ( a see
d v e l o p m nt f 2 87
e e M n i c i p a li t y fii i l f 1 1 8
o , .
u , o c a s o ,
.
s l e ct i o n o f 3 6 8
e , .
s p c i ficat i ns (
e S p c i ficat i o ns Na m as s p c i fica t i n 2 89
o se e e e, e o , .
f or Nat i na l F d rat i n o f B u il d i ng o e e o
Ma i nt nanc 3 3 3e e, T ra d s E m p l y e rs f G r e at B r i ta i n
. e o o ,
Man s p c i ficat i ns f 5 7
,
e 1 81 o or, . .
5 30 I n de x
Pr i vat wo r k 1 68
e , . P ump —C on .
c o nt racts f o 1 7 0 r, . e ng i ne , o ut li ne of s p ec i ficat i o ns ,
Pr ocesse s s p e c i fica t i o ns f o ( s
,
Sp e r ee 357 .
c i ficat i o ns Pr oc es s s ) , e
”
g en ra l r qu i re m e nts 3 45
e e ,
.
pow r o ut li n
e of s p c i ficat i o ns e e
Pr od uct ,
, ,
354
c o ntr o l by s p c i ficat i o n 2 88 e
.
P i ng
.
,
ump 3 73
d v e l p m e nt o f 2 87
.
’
,
e o
ra i n i ng 3 3 0
.
,
an d d
Pr o f e ss i o n
.
,
sa m p l s p ec i fic t i n 4 2 5
,
e a o
d fin i t i o n Of 1 4
.
,
e , .
Punctua li t y 2 7
d t es t o 4 7
u i ,
°
Punctuat i o n ( se Wr i t i ng e
Pr o f e ss i o na l ,
co nsu l t t i o n 1 2 3 a ,
.
Quant i t i e s an d me asur em e nt c l aus i n
,
e
d ut y 1 3 4 , .
c ntract
o , 228 .
m p l o y m nt 1 1 8
e e , .
Quarr yi ng , 33 1 ,
i m p r o v m e nt 3 0 e , .
p ract i c c o nd uct o f 4 8 e, , .
R a d e r o f art i c l e s 7 2
e , , .
p r e p arat i o n o f cas e at l w 1 2 4 a , .
R c e i v i ng bi d s 2 00
e , .
r e sp o ns ibili t y 1 1 8 , .
R ec o m m n d at i o n l tt rs o f 3 5
e ,
e e , .
Pr o gr e ss ,
R e f e re nce s ,
c os t o f hi g h rat e 2 48 , . f p o s i ti on 3 6
or , .
m e as ur e m nt o f 2 47 e , . i n l e tte rs 9 2 , .
Pr op rt i e s o f m at e r i a l
e , i n c o ntract 2 5 5 , .
e l e ctr i ca l 2 9 5 , . 42 3 .
p hy i ca l 2 9 4
s ,
R e l at i o ns . ,
224 . e ng i n ee r i ng 2 , .
Pr op o sa l ,
e t hi ca l 1 2 , .
e xam p l e 1 9 1 ,
l e ga l 1 1 1 1 7
. , , .
f o r m o f 1 9 0 40 5 , p e r so n a l 1 2
,
. , .
Pr o te ct i o n , p e rs o na l a d t hi ca l 5 4 n e , .
2 42 . arrang m e nt (i f d ata 1 02 e , .
tract 2 42 , e ng i n e e r i ng
. 5 , .
Pu bli c wo r k 1 68 , li t ratur e 1 02
. e , .
Pum p , p r e p arat i o n f 1 1 o , .
d up l x ou t li n e
e of , s p e c i ficat i o ns p ur p o s o f 9 7 , e ,
.
356 . t e h n i ca l 9 7 c , .
I n de x 53
R ep ort—Co n S p ec i ficat i o ns
.
,
t e n d enc y f p c i a li st 9 8 a l u m i nu m w i r 3 06
o s e ,
.
e, .
f d i agra m s 1 0
u se o 2 a m bi gu ou s 2 6 6 ,
. , .
R ep utat i o n 3 9 ,
ar bi trar y 2 6 7 . ,
R q u i r m nts d e fin i t ; 2 83
e e e bibli ogra p hy o f 4 6 8
,
e . , .
m o d i ficat i o n i n s p c i ficat i ns 2 8 1 br vi ty i n 2 62 e o ,
e ,
.
R e s e rvo i r sa m p l e s p ec i ficat i o ns 4 1 8
,
c l arn ss 2 60 2 6 1 , . e e , , .
R s p o ns ibili t y
e cr i t i c i s m 2 7 1 , .
c o ntract o r s 2 40 2 83 d e fin i t 1 73
, , .
e, .
p r o f e ss i o na l 1 1 8 d i s h n st y i n 2,
6 3 .
o e , .
R e ta i n d p e rce nt g c l us i n co
e Eng li s h f 259 a e, a e n ,
u se o , .
tract 2 3 7 , .
f or a m a 57 n ,
.
R h eto r i c 7 5 , .
f unct i o n o f 2 6 1 , .
R i g h ts l g l 1 1 7
,
e a h ast e i n p r p ar i ng 2 66
,
e , .
R lli ng d ta m p i ng 3 2 8
o an i m p o rta nc e o f 2 5 9 , .
, .
R o o f trus s o ut li n e sp c i ficat i o ns 3 9 2
,
i n d fin i t 2 6 3 e ,
. e e, .
i n d t e r m i nat 2 6 5
e e, .
Sa l ar y 40 , . i nt e r p r e tat i o n by e ng i n ee r , 2 62
Sa m p l e c ntract d s p ec i ficat i ons 3 9 9
o an , . 2 67 .
Sc h o l s ( e E d ucat i o n )
o se
“ ”
m at e r i a l q ua li t y f 2 7 1
, o , .
Sc i nt i fic p r p arat i o n 6
e e
, . o b scur i t y i n 2 6 2 , .
S ecur i t y ,
o ut li n e b r i d g e 3 9 1
, , .
li t ratur 2 02
e e, . o ut li n b r i d g su b s t ructure 3 9 0
e, e , .
w i t h b i d 1 68 1 9 7 , ,
. o ut li n b il d i ng 3 84
e, u , .
w i t h c o ntract 1 9 9 , . o ut li n r o f truss 3 9 2
e, o , .
S e l ect i o n o f m ac hi n er y 3 40 , . o ut li n s we r s 3 9 5
e, e , .
S l f k n o wl ed g va l ue o f 2 1
e -
e, , . out li n sta n d t we r 3 9 2
e, o , .
S h r i nk age ,
394 .
c om p utat i o n f 84 o , . o ut li n s ( s e a l s
e e o
art h w r k 3 1 7 3 2 4
e o , , .
p r p arat i o n d ra w i ngs 42 8
e , , .
S h t i ng a d p um p i ng sa m p l e sp eci fi
ee n , p r ep arat i o n f 1 1 2 5 9 2 66 o , , , .
cat i o n 42 5 , .
p r p arat i o n li t ratur
e 274 , e e, .
S i gnat r es u , q a li t y f m at r i a l 2 66
u o e , .
l ga l r q i r em nts 2 1 6
e e u e , . r a na bl r qu i r m e nts 26 7
e so e e e , .
t o c o ntract 2 1 6 , . r ep t i t i n i n 2 60
e o , .
S i m p l s p i ficat i ns 2 80
e ec o , . r qu i r m e nts i m p o ss ibl 2 7 1
e e , e, .
Sh na bl E R sugge s t i o ns o f 2 49
e, . .
, , . r qu i r m nts p p r e s i ve 2 68
e e e , o s , .
S c i t i s t h n i ca l va l u e o f 3 0
o e e , ec , , . r s p ns ibili t i s un d e r 2 68
e o e ,
.
S d d i ng d s d i ng 33 3
o an ee , . sa m p l 41 8e, .
S p ci a liz at i n 7
e o ,
. stan d ar d 2 84 , .
532 I n de x
Sp e c i fi c a t i o n s —C o n . S p e c i ficat i ns Mac hi n r y— C
o , e on .
un f a i r 2 6 8 , . o ut li n p u m p i ng ng i n 3 5 7
e, e e, .
un nec sar y s v e r i ty 2 7 1
es e , . o ut li n p ump p w r 3 5 4
e, , o e , .
wr i t i ng d raw i ngs f r 4 2 8 ,
o , . o ut li n st a m b il r 3 5 0
e, e o e , .
S p c i ficat i o ns Eng i n e r i ng w r k
e , e o ,
o ut li ne st a m ng i n e 3 5 2
, e e , .
arrang m nt 3 81 e e , . p r p rat i o n o f 3 4 2 3 49 3 5 9
e a , , , .
ass i gn m nt f s bj cts 3 82 e o u e , . s l ct i o ns 3 40
e e , .
bas i s f d s i gns 3 7 5
o e , . s l ct i o n f m ac hi n r y 3 6 8
e e o e , .
c o st co ns i d rat i o n o f 3 7 6
,
e , . S p c i a l 3 41
e , .
d e p w e ll s 3 7 3
e , . st am e ng i n 3 6 4
e e, .
d i gn 3 7 5 3 7 7
es , , . t y p e o f m a chi ne r y 3 6 0 , .
d i ffi cu l t i e s 3 7 2 , .
S p e c i ficat i o ns Mat r i a l , e ,
3 78 .
b as i s o f c o rr ct 2 9 4 2 9 5 e , , .
xtra w o r k 3 7 3
e ,
.
bibli o grap hy f m te r i a l s 3 1 0 or a , .
f a l s e c o n m y i n d s i gn 3 7 7
e o e ,
.
bronz 2 91 e, .
h a z ar d s 3 7 2 , .
by na m o n ly 2 89 e , .
i nv st i gat i n 3 7 0
e o , . Cats kill a qu d uct 2 9 1 e ,
.
i t m s i nc l u d e d 3 81
e , .
c m p os i ti on 2 9 5
o , .
p u m p i ng 3 7 3 , .
c o nc l us i o ns f Dr Du d l y 3 01 o . e , .
s e w rs 3 7 4e ,
.
c o ntr l f p r d uct 2 88
o o o , .
unce rta i nt i e s i n 3 7 1 , . c p yi ng 2 9 9
o , .
un f a i r r e qu i r m e n t s 3 7 7 e .
f un d a m nta l d e v l o p m nt o f 2 86
e ,
e e , .
ass i gn m nts f t li n 3 4 8
e or ou e, .
i n p ec t i o n 2 9 5 2 9 6
s , , .
bi d s c m p ar i s n f 3 3 9
, o o o , . i nv st i gat i o n xam p l e f 3 03
e , e o , .
b o il r 3 6 1e , . i nv st i gat i o n o f m at r i a l 2 9 9
e e ,
.
cap ac i t y a d s e rv i c 3 5 9 n e, . k n wl d g e l ack o f 2 9 2
o e , , .
d at a a y f 3 42 li m i tat i ns o f
'
c ne ess r or, .
o ,
d s i gn s p ec i ficat i ns 3 3 8 3 4 1
e o , , , 3 60 .
m at ri a l
e n d su p p li s 2 86
s a e , .
d e ta il d s p c i ficat i o ns
e 338 e , ,
3 40, ou t li n f a l u m i nu m w i r e 3 05
e or , .
3 61 .
p h y s i ca l p r p rt i es 2 9 4 o e , .
d r w i ngs d p l ans
a an , 3 60 .
p r p arat i o n
e k n o w l d g r qu i red , e e e ,
l ctr i c g n rat r o
e e e e o r mo t r o , 3 47 . 2 86 .
e xt nt e f wo r k 3 5 9 o , .
p r d uct c ntr o l by 2 9 4
o , o , .
f urn i s hi ngs 3 6 0 ,
.
p r p rt i s ca l r i fic 2 9 4
o e e , o , .
g n ra l g arant
e e u ee an d i nsuranc e, qua li t i s f m at e r i a l 3 00
e o ,
.
3 61 . q a li t i e s t o i nc l u d 3 00
u e, .
gen e ra l i n f r m at i o n 3 6 1 o , . s l ec t i o n f r m cata l g 2 9 8
e o o , .
g n ra l r e qu i r m nts 3 4 2
e e e e , , 3 44 , 3 45 , s t an d ar d s 2 9 8 ,
.
3 47 . succ ss f u l e f m at r i a l 2 9 8 u se o e ,
.
g n ra l s p c i ficat i ns 3 3 8 3 3 9
e e e o , , 359 . t ts 2 9 5 2 9 6
es , ,
.
li m i t i ng d e ta il s 3 4 0 , .
“
sat i s f act r y 2 88 o , .
o ut li n ass i gn m nts f o r 3 48
e, e ,
unc rta i nt i s i n 2 89
e e , .
o ut li n p u m p d up l x 3 5 6
e, , e , . unsat i s f act r y d ta il d 2 9 0 o e e ,
.
34 I n de x
Su bl e tt i ng , Un wr i tt e n l a w 1 05 , .
un f a i r r e qu i r e m nts 2 69 e , . U se l ss S p c i ficat i on s 2 80
e e , .
Su b o r d i nat s d t i t 4 4 e , u es o, .
Succe ss ,
Va li d c ontract ( se e
e l m e nts o f 9
e , . Va l ua bl co ns i d e rat i o n 1 42
e ,
.
li t e ratur 3 2 e, . t i n 2 90
o , .
p e rs o na l 1 6 , . Van Al st y Th o s J 5 7 n , . .
Succes s f u l s p c i ficat i o n by 2 98
u se , e ,
.
Sup rv i s i o n a d d i r e ct i on c l aus e
e n , Warrant y ( see G uarant e e “
Su p rv i s i o n c l a s i n c o n t ract 2 1 9
e , u e , . l a yi ng 3 9 4 , .
Sup rv i s i o n ff ct On c st o f wo r k 1 5 5
e ,
e e o , . Wat r p r o o fing sa m p l s p e c i ficat i o n
e , e ,
Sup p li f n d a m nta l
es, s p ec i ficat i o ns
u e ,
42 3 .
f o r , 2 86 . W ll s i nv st i gat i n f 3 7 3
e , e o or, .
Sur t i s c l a s i n c ntract
e e , u e o , 237 . W st rn S oc i t y f Eng i n rs 1 83
e e e o ee , .
W i tn ss e ,
T a m p i ng 3 2 8 , . xp rt bi a f 1 3 1
e e ,
s o , .
T ch n i ca l
e , xp rt d ut i e s f 1 2 5 1 3 4
e e , o , , .
p r e p ar a t i o n 6 ,
. exp e rt exa m i nat i n o f te ch n i ca l
, o ,
s oc i e t i e s val u e o f , , 30 . 1 26 .
s p c i ficat i ns ( s
e o ee
“
S p ec i ficat i ons , xp e rt li t ra t ur 1 3 5
e ,
e e, .
xp e rt s l ec t i n f 1 2 5 1 2 6 1 3 2
e , e o o , , ,
.
T rm s
e ,
de fin i t i n o of, c l aus i n c ntract e o , W rd s
o ,
229 . arrange m nt f 85 e o , .
T e st i m o n ( s e E v i d enc e
y e
“
Lat i n o r i g i n 82 , .
0
T e sts ,
m a n i ng o f 1 47 2 6 0
e , , .
m at r i a l s 2 9 5e , .
p r ec i s s e 83 e u ,
.
qua li t i s d t r m i n d 2 9 7e e e e , . Saxo n r i g i n 83 o , .
r sp ns ibili ty i n 2 83
e o , . v c b l ar y 86
o a u , .
s p c i ficat i o n by 2 9 6
e , . ( Wr i t i ng
se e
“
Ti m e , W rk
o ,
b g i nn i ng d c om p l e t i ng 1 9 7
e an , .
aut h r i t y f 1 87 o or, .
o f c m p l e t i n c l aus e i n c ntract
o o , o ,
c nstr ct d un d r c ntract 1 6 8
o u e e o , .
2 1 4 , 2 46 .
c st o f nc rta i nt i s i n 1 5 2
o u e e
li mi t i ng 1 89
, , .
, .
d f ct i v
e e 2 54 e, .
1 55 .
xtra p u bli c c o ntrac t 1 69
e , , .
xtr a ( s e Extra W o r k
e e
“
Unf ai r S p c i ficat i ns 2 6 8 e o , . f au l t y 2 7 0 , .
Un i t p r i ce c o ntract 1 60 , . f o rc acc nt 1 5 7
e ou , .
271 .
p art i e s i nt r e st e d i n 1 7 9 e , .
1 40 .
p u bli c c o n t racts f o 1 69 r, .
I n de x 535
W rk Co
o
— n .
Wr i t i ng — Co n .
r m o va l o f 2 7 0
e , .
l e tt rs ap p li cat i n 9 1 e , o .
r s e rvat i o n t o a l te r 1 9 6
e l e tte rs b us i n ss 9 0
, . , e , .
r ec i s e w r d 83
W r km ans hi p sp ec i fica t i o n f or 2 9 5
o p , .
o s, .
p r r eq u i s i t s o f 7 4
,
e e
W r k m e n c h a ract r o f cl a us e i n o
o e c n
, .
p unctuat i o n 85
, ,
trac t 2 5 2 , .
r p rts 9 7 1 00 ( al s e o
, .
Re
se e o
Wr i t i ng
, ,
p rt
,
o s
arrang m nt of m att r 7 7
e e st yl e 7 8 e , .
, .
arrang m e nt f w r d s 85
e o of Lat i n w o r d s 82
, .
u se o , .
c h o i ce o f wo r d s 80 , .
f Sax n w r d s 83 u se o o o , .
e ngi n e r i ng 7 2
e , .
va l u e o f 3 0 7 2 , , .
h ar e r r r e ad e r 7 2
e o va l u e o f ut li n e 7 7
, .
o , .
l e tte rs 9 0 , .
Wr i tt n agr ee m n t s n ecess i t i s e e , e
l e tt e rs a d r ep o rts li t ratur e 1 02
n 20 4 , e , .
.