Co-Ordinate Geometry CONQOURER ACADEMY

Co-ordinate Geometry
❑Rectangular Cartesian co-ordinates

❑equations of a line
❑mid point, intersections etc.
❑ equations of a circle,
❑distance formulae
❑pair of straight lines,
❑parabola, ellipse and hyperbola.
❑ simple geometric transformations
such as translation, rotation,
scaling.
CONTACT : 9137084143
Rectangular Cartesian Co ordinates
CONTACT : 9137084143
Distance Formulae
CONTACT : 9137084143
Example
CONTACT : 9137084143
Section Formula
CONTACT : 9137084143
In what ratio does y-axis divide the line of (7,3) &(-5,-12)
CONTACT : 9137084143
In what ratio does the line x-y-2=0 divide the line segment joining the points (3,-
1) and (8,9)? Also find the point of division .
CONTACT : 9137084143
MIDPOINT FORMULA
CONTACT : 9137084143
INCLINATION AND SLOPE OF LINE
CONTACT : 9137084143
DIFFERENT FORM OF EQUATION OF LINE
A. SLOPE POINT FORM
CONTACT : 9137084143
B. TWO POINT FORM
CONTACT : 9137084143
SLOPE INTERCEPT FORM
CONTACT : 9137084143
DOUBLE INTERCEPT FORM
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
PAIR OF LINES
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
CIRCL
E
CONTACT : 9137084143
Definition of
Circle
Circle is defined as a locus of a point ‘P’ which
moves in x - y plane in such a way such that its
distance from the fixed point in the same plane is
always constant.
CONTACT : 9137084143
Standard
Form
(x – a)2 + (y – b) 2 =
r2 a, b ≡ centre
r ≡ radius
CONTACT : 9137084143
General Equation of the
Circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c =
0.
CONTACT : 9137084143
Examples
Q.1 Find equation of circle whose radius is 3
and centre is (-1, 2)
CONTACT : 9137084143
Q.2 Find equation of circle whose radius is 10 and centre is (-5, -6)
CONTACT : 9137084143
Necessary and Sufficient Condition for
General Equation of 2° to Represent a
Circle
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c =
0(a) Coefficient x2 = coefficient y2 (no
of
necessarily unity) of t
and
(b) Coefficient of xy = 0
CONTACT : 9137084143
Note
The general equation of circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 contains 3 independent
arbitrary constants g, f and c which means that a
unique circle passes through 3 non-collinear
points. Hence 3 points on a circle must be given
to determine the unique equation of the circle.
CONTACT : 9137084143
Nature of
Circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c =
0
(i) If g2 + f 2 – c > 0
 Real circle with finite
(ii) radius If g2 + f 2 – c = 0
 Point circle
(iii) If g2 + f 2 – c < 0
 imaginary circle
CONTACT : 9137084143
Q.2 Find the equation of the circle having lines
2x – 3y = 5 and 3x – 4y = 7 as its diameter /
Normal / longest chord and whose area is
154 sq. units.
CONTACT : 9137084143
Find centre and radius of the circle 2x2 + 2y2 – 6x + 8y – 5 = 0
CONTACT : 9137084143
Diametrical Form of
Circle
(x – x1) (x – x2) + (y – y1) (y – y2) = 0
Where (x1, y1) & (x2, y2) are diametrical

opposite ends
CONTACT : 9137084143
Example
Find the equation of the circle of least
radius passing through the points (2,3), (3,1).
CONTACT : 9137084143
Position of A Point w.r.t. A Circle
OP  r
CONTACT : 9137084143
Position of A Point w.r.t.
A Circle
S1 ≡ Power of point
If S1 > 0  Point exterior of a

circle If S1 = 0  Point on circle
If S1 < 0  Point interior of circle
CONTACT : 9137084143
Line and ACircle
(i) If p > r
 line is neither secant nor tangent ; passes
outside the circle
(ii) If p = r  line is tangent to the
(iii circle. If p < r  line is a secant.
) If p = 0  line is a diameter.
(iv)
CONTACT : 9137084143
Find radius of circle whose tangents are 6x + 8y + 26 = 0
3x + 4y – 17 = 0
CONTACT : 9137084143
Note
(i) Number of tangents from external point
to circle is 2
(ii) Number of tangents from interior point
to circle is 0
(iii If point is on periphery the number of tangent is 1
)
CONTACT : 9137084143
Equation of the tangent
drawn to the circle in
the various forms
CONTACT : 9137084143
Cartesian
Form
Tangent drawn to the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at its point (x , y ) is
1 1
xx1 + yy1 + g(x+x1) + f(y+y1) =0+ c = 0
CONTACT : 9137084143
Cartesian
Form
If circle is x2 + y2 = a2 then equation of tangent
is
2
xx1 + yy1 = a
CONTACT : 9137084143
Example
Q. If equation of circle is x2 + y2 =
25 Find equation of tangent at
(3, 4)
CONTACT : 9137084143
Slope form
x 2 + y 2 = a2
Equation of the tangent is
CONTACT : 9137084143
Note
For a unique value of m there will be 2

tangent which are parallel to each other
CONTACT : 9137084143
Length of Tangent &
Power of a point.
“Length of the tangent from an external point (x1,
y1)
to a given circle”
S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
CONTACT : 9137084143
Q. Find length of tangent from (6,8) to circle
x2 + y2 = 25
CONTACT : 9137084143
Director
Circle
Locus of intersection of two mutually perpendicular
tangents
(x – α)2 + (y - )2 = 2r2
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONIC SECTION
• A conic (section) is the locus

of a point moving in a
plane such that its distance
from a fixed point (focus) is
in a constant ratio to its
perpendicular distance
from a fixed line (i.e.
directrix).
• This constant ratio is called
eccentricity of the conic.
CONTACT : 9137084143
Terminology:
Axis of conic: Line passing

through focus,
perpendicular to the
directrix.
Vertex: Point of the

intersection of conic and
axis.
Chord: Line segment joining

any 2 points on the conic.
Double ordinate: Chord

perpendicular to the axis
Latus Rectum: Double

ordinate passing through
focus. : 9137084143
CONTACT
Parabola
CONTACT : 9137084143
Types Of parabola
CONTACT : 9137084143
Standard Equation Directrix Focus Length of Vertex
Latus
rectum
2
y = 4ax x=–a S : (a, 0) 4a (0, 0)
2
y = – 4ax x=a (- a, 0) 4a (0, 0)
2
x = 4ay y=–a (0, +a) 4a (0, 0)
2
x = – 4ay y=a (0, -a) 4a (0, 0)
CONTACT : 9137084143
Important results of a Parabola
1. 4 x distance between vertex and focus = Latus

rectum = 4a.
2. 2 x Distance between directrix and focus = Latus

rectum = 2(2a).
3. Point of intersection of Axis and directrix and the

focus is bisected by the
vertex.
4. Focus is the mid point of the Latus rectum.

CONTACT : 9137084143
ELLIPSE
• It is a locus of a point which moves such that the ratio of its distance from a
fixed point (focus) to its distance from a fixed line (directrix) is always
constant and less than 1, i.e o < e < 1.
•
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
Hyperbola
• If is the locus of a point which moves such that the ratio of its distance from a fixed point (focus) to its
distance from a fixed line (directrix) is always constant and greater than 1.
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
Questions
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143
CONTACT : 9137084143

Co-Ordinate Geometry CONQOURER ACADEMY

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Co-Ordinate Geometry CONQOURER ACADEMY

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Co-ordinate Geometry

❑Rectangular Cartesian co-ordinates

A. SLOPE POINT FORM

(x – x1) (x – x2) + (y – y1) (y – y2) = 0

Where (x1, y1) & (x2, y2) are diametrical

If S1 > 0  Point exterior of a

If S1 < 0  Point interior of circle

xx1 + yy1 + g(x+x1) + f(y+y1) =0+ c = 0

For a unique value of m there will be 2

• A conic (section) is the locus

Axis of conic: Line passing

Vertex: Point of the

Chord: Line segment joining

Double ordinate: Chord

Latus Rectum: Double

1. 4 x distance between vertex and focus = Latus

2. 2 x Distance between directrix and focus = Latus

3. Point of intersection of Axis and directrix and the

4. Focus is the mid point of the Latus rectum.

You might also like