2nd Quarter

LESSON TITLE:
Provide Care and Support to Children
LO 2: BATHE AND DRESS CHILDREN

Name of Teacher –Writer: SHERWIN A. PENA

School: Santa Maria National High School
Address: Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur

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Hooray, learners!!! First, let me congratulate you for choosing CAREGIVNG as your
specialization in your Senior High School TVL – Track, Home Economics Strand.
Together we will make your journey interesting as you finish this Tech-Voc course
which will lead you either take health related courses in college, find a job or equip
you initial technical knowledge in healthcare business.

To achieve this, it is essential to keep your focus in studying this Self-Learning

Material and keep in-touch with your teacher to ensure success. He will guide you on
performance of the required skills through watching videos, following procedural
tasks and guided performances. This material focuses on BATHING AND
DRESSING CHILDREN.

Remember, your extent of learning and efficiency largely depend on your pace,
hence, manage your time wisely. Answer activities honestly and be able to attain the
set passing rate before submitting this material to your teacher before having
another SLK. Collect and compile your achievements of the different performance
tasks and other activities for your required portfolio before taking your NC II
assessment.

Content: BATHING AND DRESSING CHILDREN

Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding in

providing care and support to children

Performance Standard: The learner independently provides

care and support to children.

Learning Outcomes: LO2. Bathe and Dress Children

TLE_HECG912CS-IIc-f-7

Specific Objectives
1. Distinguish the different specification and uses of the
different type of thermometer

2. Demonstrate taking vital signs, bathing, dressing and

undressing procedures for children

3. Observe safety at work.

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 Activity 1. Name that Pic. Name the pictures below
and tell something of their use.

Name:_________________ Name:_________________
Use:___________________ Use:___________________

Name:_________________ Name:_________________
Use:___________________ Use:___________________

Name:_________________ Name:_________________
Use:___________________ Use:___________________

Processing Question:
What do you think these items/objects are for?

The objects above are bathing paraphernalia for bathing children.

In this chapter, as future child caregiver you will learn the
procedures in bathing children. Take seriously and always bring
these golden learnings for they are critical in your chosen career to
explore. Good luck!!!

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 BATHING PARAPHERNALIA FOR CHILDREN
The bathing paraphernalia for children does not go away from those of infant.
However, toys have been added to motivate children to like bath. Here is the
recommended list of supplies for children adopted from thebump.com by Paula
Kashtan:

 Baby bathtub
 Bathtub spout cover
 Bath thermometer (optional)
 Baby soap
 Baby shampoo
 Rinsing cup
 Bath toys
 Soft hooded baby towels
 Soft washcloths

CHECKING OF VITAL SIGNS

As in any other process, checking vital signs is pre-requisite to bathing. When a child
is sick the kind of bathing should be adjusted. The 3 vitals that must be checked by
caregivers are body temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate. Below are the
guidelines in checking vital signs for children.

A. BODY TEMPERATURE
In order to get the body temperature of a child, caregivers must familiarize first with
the different types of thermometer, the device used in measuring body temperature,
and how they being operated. Below is taken from kidshealth.com describing the
available thermometers and they differ from one another.

A. Digital Thermometers
Digital thermometers give the quickest, most accurate readings, and are the only
kind that doctors currently recommend. Available in a variety of sizes and shapes,
they're sold at most supermarkets and drugstores.
Read the manufacturer's instructions to see what the thermometer is designed for
and how it signals that the reading is complete.

Digital thermometers are used for these temperature-taking methods:

 rectal (in the bottom) — most accurate method for children under 3 years old
 oral (in the mouth) — best for kids 4–5 years or older who can cooperate
 axillary (under the arm) — the least accurate digital thermometer, but good for a first
check

Other Types of Thermometers

 temporal artery thermometers — these measure heat waves on side of forehead
and can be used in infants 3 months and older

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 electronic ear (tympanic) thermometers — these measure heat waves from the
eardrum and can be used in infants 6 months and older

Types Not Recommended

These types of thermometers aren't recommended because they're less accurate:
 plastic strip thermometers
 pacifier thermometers
 smartphone temperature apps
Glass mercury thermometers were once common, but should not be used because
of possible exposure to mercury, an environmental toxin.

Tips for Taking Temperatures by Age

As any parent knows, taking a squirming child's temperature can be a challenge. The
best method will depend on a child's age and temperament.

Turn on the digital thermometer and clear the screen of any old readings. Digital
thermometers usually have a plastic, flexible probe with a temperature sensor at the
tip and an easy-to-read digital display on the other end. If your thermometer uses
disposable plastic sleeves or covers, put one on according to the manufacturer's
instructions. Throw away the sleeve afterward and clean the thermometer according
to the manufacturer's instructions before putting it back in its case.

For babies younger than 3 months, you'll get the most reliable reading by using a
digital thermometer to take a rectal temperature. Call the doctor if your infant is
younger than 3 months old and has a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.
For babies between 3 months and 6 months old, a digital rectal thermometer is
still the best choice. A temporal artery thermometer also can be used.
For kids between 6 months and 4 years old, you can use a digital thermometer to
take a rectal temperature. You also can use an tympanic (ear) thermometer or a
digital thermometer to take an axillary (armpit) temperature, but they're less
accurate.
For kids 4 years or older, you can usually use a digital thermometer to take an oral
temperature if your child will cooperate. But kids who are coughing a lot or breathing
through their mouths because of stuffy noses might not be able to keep their mouths
closed long enough for an accurate oral reading. In these cases, you can use the
temporal, tympanic, rectal, or axillary method (with a digital thermometer).

Procedure in Taking Rectal Temperature

Before becoming parents, most people cringe at
the thought of taking a rectal temperature. But
don't worry — it's a simple and safe process.
First:
 Wash the end of the thermometer with soap and
water and rinse with water.
 Moisten the tip of the thermometer with a
lubricant, such as petroleum jelly.
Then, place your child:

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 belly-down across your lap or on a firm, flat surface and keep your palm along the
lower back
or
 face-up with legs bent toward the chest with your hand against the back of the thighs

With your other hand:

1. Insert the lubricated thermometer into the anal opening about ½ inch to 1 inch (about
1.25 to 2.5 centimeters), or until the tip of the thermometer is fully in the rectum. Stop
if you feel any resistance.
2. Steady the thermometer between your second and third fingers as you cup your
hand against your child's bottom. Soothe your child and speak quietly as you hold
the thermometer in place.
3. Wait until you hear the appropriate number of beeps or other signal that the
temperature is ready to be read. Write down the number on the screen, noting the
time of day that you took the reading.

Procedures in Taking Oral Temperature

Taking an oral temperature is easy in an
older, cooperative child.
1. Wait 20 to 30 minutes after your child
finishes eating or drinking to take an
oral temperature, and make sure there's
no gum or candy in your child's mouth.
2. Place the tip of the thermometer under
the tongue and ask your child to close his or her lips around it. Remind your child not
to bite down or talk, and to relax and breathe normally through the nose.
3. Wait until you hear the appropriate number of beeps or other signal that the
temperature is ready to be read. Write down the number on the screen, noting the
time of day that you took the reading.

Procedure in Taking Axillary Temperature

This is a convenient way to take a child's
temperature. Although not as accurate as
a rectal or oral temperature in a
cooperative child, some parents prefer to
take an axillary temperature, especially
for kids who can't hold a thermometer in
their mouths.
1. Remove your child's shirt and undershirt,
and place the thermometer under an
armpit (it must be touching skin only, not
clothing).
2. Fold your child's arm across the chest to hold the thermometer in place.
3. Wait until you hear the appropriate number of beeps or other signal that the
temperature is ready to be read. Write down the number on the screen, noting the
time of day that you took the reading.
Whatever method you choose, keep these tips in mind:
 Never take your child's temperature right after a bath or if he or she has been
bundled tightly for a while — this can affect the temperature reading.

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  Never leave your child unattended while taking a temperature.
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-pulse.html

B. PULSE RATE
The best spot to feel the pulse in a child is the wrist, called
the radial pulse. Gently feel on the inside of the wrist on the
thumb side.
If you can't easily find the pulse on the wrist, you can try the
neck, which has the carotid pulse. Gently place your fingers
on one side of the windpipe:
1. Gently press two fingers (don't use your thumb) on the spot
until you feel a beat.
2. When you feel the pulse, count the beats for 15 seconds.
Multiply the number of beats you counted by 4 to get the beats
per minute. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-pulse.html

Below is the normal range of pulse rate for children cited in chldrens.com:
 Newborns 0 to 1 month old: 70 to 190 beats per minute

 Infants 1 to 11 months old: 80 to 160 beats per minute

 Children 1 to 2 years old: 80 to 130 beats per minute
 Children 3 to 4 years old: 80 to 120 beats per minute
 Children 5 to 6 years old: 75 to 115 beats per minute
 Children 7 to 9 years old: 70 to 110 beats per minute
 Children 10 years and older: 60 to 100 beats per minute
https://www.childrens.com/health-wellness/is-your-childs-heart-rate-healthy

C. RESPIRATION RATE
Your respiratory rate can be measured in three easy steps.
1. Set a timer for 1 minute.
2. You should be at rest, either sitting or lying down. Avoid strenuous activity
beforehand.
3. Start the timer and measure the amount of breaths taken in 1 minute. This
can be done by counting how many times the chest rises.

The normal respiratory rate for kids varies by age.

Age Rate (in breaths per minute)

Infant (birth to 1 year) 30 to 60

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 Toddler (1 to 3 years) 24 to 40

Preschooler (3 to 6 years) 22 to 34

School age (6 to 12 years) 18 to 30

Adolescent (12 to 18
12 to 16
years)

https://www.healthline.com/health/normal-respiratory-rate

PROCEDURES IN BATHING CHILDREN

Bathing children could be more relax than infants as they could cooperate with their
caregivers. They are also being bath seated and to avoid, caregiver may provide
toys for them to play with while they being bathe. However, risk of accidents is still
high, so it is highly emphasized not leave children at the bathroom. Always gather all
needed supplies with a reach to avoid accidents. Below are the procedures of
bathing lifted Mrunal, “Caregiving for K to 12”:

1. Run cold water in the basin, then add hot water and mix thoroughly.
2. Start with the hair, then shampoo and massage the scalp thoroughly with the
fingers. This does not only remove sticking dirt and odor but also allows free
circulation of blood, making you feel light. Rinse the hair thoroughly.
3. Scrub the body with sponge or washcloth soaked with soap. Rub the rough
areas, paying attention to the elbows, knees, and heels of the feet.
4. Brush the fingernails and toenails with a nailbrush soaked in soapy water.
This removes the hidden stubborn dirt on the sides and tips of the nails.
5. Rinse the body well after soaping and scrubbing.
6. Pat dry with a clean, dry bath towel.
7. Never leave a child alone in the bathroom.

Toddler bath tips:

Huggies.com a popular diaper brand also recommends the following bath tips
for a more convenient and safe bathing of children:
 Give a few minutes warning before bath time so that your toddler will be ready
to move from their current activity.
 Even though your toddler is adept at sitting up they should not be left
unattended while in the bath.
 It’s also a good idea to implement the “no standing in the bath” rule from a
very early age.
 Allow some independence and encourage them to start washing themselves.
 Some disposable washcloth products can also be handy for this as some
have baby wash already in the cloth and provide a gentle, tear free clean.
 Bath toys are great fun for a toddler. Try to rotate them to keep them
interesting.

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  A pair of goggles in the bath can be their first introduction to swimming with
their face in the water. They are great for practicing bubble blowing.
 Give a warning a few minutes before bath time ends to avoid protests.
https://www.huggies.com.au/baby-care/skin-care/bathing/toddler

PROCEDURES IN DRESSING AND UNDRESSING CHILDREN

The following procedures are taken from our reference book “Caregiving Vol.
1, authored by Patino:

A. Procedure in Dressing Children

1. Ease the neck opening over the head.
2. Slip the dress into the head, then over the arm.
3. Slip your hand through the sleeve of the dress and grasp the
child’s hand.
4. Gently slide the sleeve of the dress along the child’s arm.
5. For trousers or shorts, slip the trouser legs over and along first
one leg and then the other leg.
6. Pull the trousers or shorts as far as possible up to the waist and
then fasten it.

B. Procedure in Undressing Children

1. Ease first one sleeve of his/her short or blouse, then the other
over his/her arm.
2. Turn him/her on to his/her front, while you undo any string or
button in his/her shirt or blouse before removing it.
3. Turn him/her round again. After sliding his/her arms out of the
shirt or blouse, stretch the neck opening and pull it over his/her
head.
4. For trousers, underwear or skirt, pull it down and slip from each
leg.

The exercises provided below will help you develop skills even
when not in school. Ask the supervision of an adult or schedule
of a teacher-visit for assistance.

Activity 2. Going Local.

Look for neighbor who has a toddler. Interview about their child’s bathing
paraphernalia. Then make an album of the pictures and their uses. This has to be
added in your portfolio. Comment also on the safety in using these substitute
equipment and supplies.

Activity 3. Buddy Up.

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Partner a mother in bathing her toddler. Over time and few times of assisting, ask
permission if you do the work alone, but always seek the presence of the mother for
safety. Took picture if you can and write your experience.

Let sum up.

The procedures of bathing a child is almost the same with
infant. However, teaching them some basics of independency
may begin.
Safety is always the top priority of the caregiver in bathing as
growing children becomes more aggressive.

Guide Questions
1. Enumerate the sequential steps in bathing a child.
2. What are the normal range of reading of each vital sign for children?

Let us reflect.
Give accidents that are at risk when bathing and suggest
ways on how to avoid or at least minimize them.

A. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

_______ 1. What are the measurements that indicate the status of the body’s vital
functions?
a. Body Mass Index b. Calorie Calculator c. Vital Signs
_______ 2. What is the tool used in measuring body temperature?
a. Sphygmomanometer b. Stethoscope c. Thermometer
_______ 3. Which kind of thermometer give the quickest, most accurate readings,
and are the only kind that doctors currently recommend?
a. Digital b. Electronic c. Infrared
_______ 4. Which kind of temperature gives the most accurate body temperature for
children under 3 years old?
a. Axillary b. Oral c. Rectal
_______ 5. Which thermometer is no longer used today because of mercury risks?
a. Glass thermometer b. Pacifier thermometer c. Strip thermometer
_______ 6. At what age the oral thermometer is advised for children?

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 a. 2 years old b. 3 years old c. 4 years old
_______ 7. At what part of the body of a child can caregivers feel best their pulse?
a. Elbow b. Neck c. Wrist
_______ 8. What is the unit of measurement for pulse?
a. Beats per minute b. Centigrade c. Fahrenheit
_______ 9. What pulse is located at the neck?
a. Carotid b. Femoral c. Radial
_______ 10. What is the normal range for respiration of children aged 1 to 3 years
old?
a. 22 - 34 b. 24 – 40 c. 30 to 60

B. Fill-in the Blanks. Complete the sentences below with the correct word.
1. Even though your toddler is adept at sitting up they should not be left
_______________ while in the bath.
2. It’s also a good idea to implement the “_______________” rule from a very early
age.
3. Allow some independence and encourage them to start ________ themselves.
4. _________________are great fun for a toddler. Try to rotate them to keep them
interesting.
5. A pair of ____________ in the bath can be their first introduction to swimming with
their face in the water. They are great for practicing bubble blowing.

C. Arrange the following procedures by numbering sequentially.

Bathing Children
_____Run cold water in the basin, then add hot water and mix thoroughly.
_____Scrub the body with sponge or washcloth soaked with soap. Rub the rough
areas, paying attention to the elbows, knees, and heels of the feet.
_____Brush the fingernails and toenails with a nailbrush soaked in soapy water. This
removes the hidden stubborn dirt on the sides and tips of the nails.
_____Start with the hair, then shampoo and massage the scalp thoroughly with the
fingers. This does not only remove sticking dirt and odor but also allows free
circulation of blood, making you feel light. Rinse the hair thoroughly.
_____Rinse the body well after soaping and scrubbing.
_____Pat dry with a clean, dry bath towel.
_____Never leave a child alone in the bathroom.

Procedure in Dressing Children

_____Ease the neck opening over the head.

_____Slip your hand through the sleeve of the dress and grasp the child’s hand.
_____Slip the dress into the head, then over the arm.
_____Gently slide the sleeve of the dress along the child’s arm.
_____For trousers or shorts, slip the trouser legs over and along first one leg and
then the other leg.

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_____Pull the trousers or shorts as far as possible up to the waist and then fasten it.

Procedure in Undressing Children

_____Ease first one sleeve of his/her short or blouse, then the other over his/her
arm.
_____Turn him/her round again. After sliding his/her arms out of the shirt or blouse,
stretch the neck opening and pull it over his/her head.
_____Turn him/her on to his/her front, while you undo any string or button in his/her
shirt or blouse before removing it.
_____For trousers, underwear or skirt, pull it down and slip from each leg.

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Book
Patino, Mary Jane, Caregiving Vol 1, Rex Bookstore Publishing

Websites:

Boezem, Joanne, “How to Take Your Child’s Temperature”

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-temperature.html accessed o July 31, 2020

children’shealth, “Is Your Child’s Pulse Rate Healthy?”

https://www.childrens.com/health-wellness/is-your-childs-heart-rate-healthy
accessed on July 31, 2020

Huggies, “Bathing Your Toddler”

https://www.huggies.com.au/baby-care/skin-care/bathing/toddler accessed on July
31, 2020

Kashtan, Paula “Baby Bath Supplies Checklist”

https://www.thebump.com/a/checklist-babys-bath-supplies accessed on July 31,
2020

Lockett, Eleesha, What is the Normal Respiratory Rate for sand Adults”,
https://www.healthline.com/health/normal-respiratory-rate accessed on July 31, 2020

Pitone, Melanie, “How to Take Your Child’s Pulse”

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-pulse.html accessed on July 31, 2020

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Assessment 1.
1. c 6. c
2. c 7. c
3. a 8. a
4. c 9. a
5. a 10.b

Assessment 2
1. alone
2. no standing
3. washing
4. bath toys
5. googles

Assessment 3
Bathing Children
__1___Run cold water in the basin, then add hot water and mix thoroughly.
__3___Scrub the body with sponge or washcloth soaked with soap. Rub the rough
areas, paying attention to the elbows, knees, and heels of the feet.
__4___Brush the fingernails and toenails with a nailbrush soaked in soapy water.
This removes the hidden stubborn dirt on the sides and tips of the nails.
__2___Start with the hair, then shampoo and massage the scalp thoroughly with the
fingers. This does not only remove sticking dirt and odor but also allows free
circulation of blood, making you feel light. Rinse the hair thoroughly.
__5___Rinse the body well after soaping and scrubbing.
__6___Pat dry with a clean, dry bath towel.
__7___Never leave a child alone in the bathroom.

Procedure in Dressing Children

__1___Ease the neck opening over the head.

__3___Slip your hand through the sleeve of the dress and grasp the child’s hand.

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__2___Slip the dress into the head, then over the arm.
__4___Gently slide the sleeve of the dress along the child’s arm.
__5___For trousers or shorts, slip the trouser legs over and along first one leg and
then the other leg.
__6___Pull the trousers or shorts as far as possible up to the waist and then fasten
it.

Procedure in Undressing Children

__1___Ease first one sleeve of his/her short or blouse, then the other over his/her
arm.
__3___Turn him/her round again. After sliding his/her arms out of the shirt or blouse,
stretch the neck opening and pull it over his/her head.
__2___Turn him/her on to his/her front, while you undo any string or button in his/her
shirt or blouse before removing it.
__4___For trousers, underwear or skirt, pull it down and slip from each leg.

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