Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office No. VIII
Division of Samar
CALBIGA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbiga II District
Macaalan, Calbiga, Samar
Grade 7 -10 ID# (303597) Grade 11 -12 ID #(344804)
Email: calbiganhs.303597/@deped.gov.ph
Facebook: https: //www.facebook.com/303597/CalbigaNHS

CAREGIVING -9 (SPECIALIZATION)

Name/Pangalan: _____________________________________________________
Grade Level/lebel: __________________________
Section/ Seksiyon: __________________________
Date/Petsa: ________________________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS/GAWAING PAGKATUTO:

APPLYING BASIC FIRST AID

I .Background Information for Learners/Panimula (Susing Konsepto):

(Brief discussion of the lesson, if possible cite example):

In giving first aid in different emergencies, it is not only about the skills and the knowledge or
how to apply it. It is also important to keep in mind its principles in order to know if your actions are
right or wrong and to minimize unwanted incidents that may cause harm to the patient.

Following are basic principles of first aid.

1. To preserve life – by carrying out first aid procedures. But prior to carrying out emergency
procedures, make sure that you never put yourself or others in danger thru risk assessment and
checking for any danger.

2. To prevent deterioration of the condition – preventing deterioration of the condition requires

the skills of the first aiders together with a thorough assessment. Also, this include preventing
further injury to the patient

Example: The victim had neck injury. Will you move the patient or not?
One thing that should put into consideration in this situation is to check if there is risk to
life. If the patient’s current position is safe and can breathe, there is probably no need to move
him or her because moving the patient might aggravate the injury. But if the patient’s airway is
blocked, then that’s the time he or she should be moved.
 3. To provide reassurance – reassuring the patient that you are thee to take care of him or her
while waiting for medical help is essential to the victim. This can help calm the patient and
prevent further damages.

Qualities that a First Aider should possess

Responding to disasters and medical emergencies requires dedicated competent, and highly skilled
individuals. And as first aiders, adrenaline rush and stress work will be coming your way.

1.Quick thinker. - Presence of mind is essential when responding to an emergency situation. In every
emergency situation, the quick you respond, the higher is the chance for you to save
someone‘s life.
2. Composed –panic is expected in an emergency situation. But as a first aider it is important to remain
calm and to never panic. In this way, you can help the people around you be calm and people will feel
more assured reducing the tension.
3. Decision maker – After though assessing the situation, quick and smart decision is needed on the next
steps to do help the victim. This is also important when a lot of victims are involved. A quick decision is
needed on who will be prioritized over the others.
4. Resourceful – Ideally, a first aider need to be equipped with supplies and equipped
needed in emergency care. But, when the need arises and there are no supplies on hand, the first aider
must learn to make use of what are available in the surrounding prior to the arrival of the ambulance.
5. Has leadership skills. – Emergency situation are followed by panics, chaos, and
confusion. Being a first aider, it is important to know that one of the keys for a successful emergency
care is managing the crowd and making use of the bystander in delegating task to help you in immediate
emergency care.
6. Sympathetic and reassuring. – the victims of an accident need reassurance. Tell the
victims that you are there to care of them while waiting for the help to arrive. This is the most important
especially among young children.
7. Skilled. – a skilled first aider require a lot of seminars, trainings, lectures, skills
demonstration, and practice to ensure that he or she gains the right skills.
8. Efficient – Efficient first aider will not add burden to the victims by causing too much
pain and can alleviate the victim’s pain at the quickest time possible.

TAKING VITAL SIGNS

Taking vital signs are those taken first after the incident. Tis will be the basis of the
succeeding vital signs that will be taken to assess the patient condition. Through vital signs monitoring,
you will be able to assess if the condition is improving or worsening. Baseline vital signs included the
following:

a. RESPIRATION
b. BLOOD PRESSURE
 c. PULSE
d. BODY TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE
Body temperature reflects the balance between the heat produce and the heat lost from the body, and
is measured in the heat units called degree using thermometer. Temperature can be measured in different
sites of the body, depending on its indication oral, axillary, rectal, tympanic membrane and temporal
arteries. Different kinds of thermometer are used when taking the temperature, these are digital
electronics, forehead, and glass.

Infrared thermometer with

laser pointer Ear Digital Thermometer Glass/ digital thermometer

The following are the different types of thermometers:

Clinical thermometer-n may be inserted either into the rectum through the anus (rectal temperature),
into the mouth under the tongue (oral or sub-lingual) or armpit (axillary temperature). It is made of glass
with a narrowing above the bulb so that the mercury column stays in position even when the instrument
is removed. The use of this type is now being eradicated as the mercury content is dangerous to people.

Digital thermometer - may be inserted into the mouth under the tongue, under the armpit or into the
anus. This thermometer displays the reading in the LCD. This type of thermometer does not use mercury
which is hazardous to humans. That is why more and more people are using it now. Also, using this is
simple, quick and effective.
Ear digital thermometer measures the heat coming from the eardrum. This release of heat is converted
into a temperature and displayed on an LCD. It is very easy to use this. You just have to place the tip in
the ear of a person, press the button and in a few seconds, the measurement is seen on the LCD.

Infrared thermometer with laser pointer measures temperature using thermal radiation emitted by the
body. It is also called laser thermometer if a laser is utilized to aid in aiming the thermometer. It
provides temperature reading without physically touching the object. All you have to do is aim at the
object (as in the forehead), pull the trigger and immediately, you can see the temperature reading on
the LCD

Normal body temperatures vary depending on many factors, including a person’s age, sex, and
activity levels.
The normal temperature for adult is considered to be between 36 0C and 370C (960C to 99.50C).

Taking body temperature

1. Wash your hands and take the thermometer.
2. Clean the probe (pointed end) of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and then rinse it in
cool water.
3. Inform the client that you are going to take his temperature.
4. Place the thermometer (it depends what type of thermometer to be use) (You may have to hold the
thermometer specially if your client is very sick and weak.
5. Leave the thermometer in place until the thermometer signals it is finished. When the thermometer
beeps, it means that it can be removed.
6. Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature on the digital display. Clean the tip of
the thermometer with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol. Put the thermometer’s tip cover. Place the
thermometer in its container.
7. Record the reading and wash your hands.

Pulse Rate

The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute.
As the heart pushes blood through the arteries, the arteries expand and contract with the flow of the
blood. Taking a pulse not only measures the heart rate, but also can indicate the following:
 Heart rhythm
 Strength of the pulse

The normal range of pulse rate:

Adults 60 to 100 beats/min

Child 70 to 150 beats/min
Infants 100 to 160 beats/min
How to check your Pulse Rate
As the heart forces blood through the arteries, you feel the beats by firmly pressing on the arteries,
which are located close to the surface of the skin at certain points of the body. The pulse can be found
on the side of the neck, on the inside of the elbow, or at the wrist. For most people, it is easiest to take
the pulse at the wrist. If you use the lower neck, be sure not to press too hard, and never press on the
pulses on both sides of the lower neck at the same time to prevent blocking blood flow to the brain.
When taking your pulse:
 Using the first and second fingertips, press firmly but gently on the arteries until you feel a
pulse.
 Begin counting the pulse when the clock's second hand is on the 12.
 Count your pulse for 60 seconds (or for 15 seconds and then multiply by four to calculate beats
per minute).
 When counting, do not watch the clock continuously, but concentrate on the beats of the pulse.
 If unsure about your results, ask another person to count for you.

Respirations

The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually
measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute
by counting how many times the chest rises. Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, and other
medical conditions. When checking respiration, it is important to also note whether a person has any
difficulty breathing.

Following are the normal respiratory rates:

Adult 12 to 20 breaths/min
Children 12 to 15 breaths/min
Infants 25 to 50 breaths/min
Rate
 Tachypnea – quick, shallow breaths
 Bradypnea – abnormally slow breathing
 Apnea – cessation of breathing
Volume
 Hyperventilation – overexpansion of the lungs characterized by rapid and deep breaths
 Hypoventilation – Under expansion of the lungs, characterizes by shallow respiration.
Rhythm
 Cheyne-strokes breathing – rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations, from deep to very
shallow breathing and temporary apnea.

How to check for Respiratory Rate

1. Check for skin ad mucous membrane color, chest movement, tolerance, chest pain and
difficulty of breathing.
2. Position the client that is comfortable for breathing.
3. Prepare the needed equipment and supplies.
4. Watch with a second hand or indicators.
Taking the Respiratory Rate
 1. Do the usual preliminary procedure in establishing rapport with the client.
2. Wash your hands and observe other appropriate infection control procedures.
3. Place the client in the proper position and observe or palpate the count of respiratory
rate.
4. You can place the client’s arm across his her chest and observe the chest movement
while supposedly taking the radial pulse rate.
5. Count the respiratory rate for one full minute. An inhalation and exhalation is counted
as one respiration.
6. Observe respiration for depth, rhythm, and character of respiration. Documents the
respiratory rate, depth, rhythm, and character on the appropriate record.

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and
relaxation of the heart. Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries, resulting in the highest
blood pressure as the heart contracts. When the heart relaxes, the blood pressure falls.

Two numbers are recorded when measuring blood pressure. The higher number, or systolic
pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood through the
body. The lower number, or diastolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at
rest and is filling with blood. Both the systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded as "mm Hg"
(millimetres of mercury). This recording represents how high the mercury column in an old-fashioned
manual blood pressure device (called a mercury manometer or sphygmomanometer) is raised by the
pressure of the blood. Today, your doctor's office is more likely to use a simple dial for this measurement.

High blood pressure, or hypertension, directly increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure,
and stroke. With high blood pressure, the arteries may have an increased resistance against the
flow of blood, causing the heart to pump harder to circulate the blood.

Blood pressure is categorized as normal, elevated, or stage 1 or stage 2 high blood pressure:

 Normal blood pressure is systolic of less than 120 and diastolic of less than 80 (120/80)
 Elevated blood pressure is systolic of 120 to 129 and diastolic less than 80
 Stage 1 high blood pressure is systolic is 130 to 139 or diastolic between 80 to 89
 Stage 2 high blood pressure is when systolic is 140 or higher or the diastolic is 90 or higher
 Before you measure your blood pressure:

 Don't smoke or drink coffee for 30 minutes before taking your blood pressure.
 Go to the bathroom before the test.
 Relax for 5 minutes before taking the measurement.
 Sit with your back supported (don't sit on a couch or soft chair). Keep your feet on the floor
uncrossed. Place your arm on a solid flat surface (like a table) with the upper part of the arm at
heart level. Place the middle of the cuff directly above the bend of the elbow. Check the monitor's
instruction manual for an illustration.
 Take multiple readings. When you measure, take 2 to 3 readings one minute apart and record all
the results.
 Take your blood pressure at the same time every day, or as your healthcare provider recommends.

Procedure to take Blood Pressure

 Ask the patient to loosen any tight clothing or remove long-sleeved garments so that it is
possible to access the upper arm. Do not use an arm that may have a medical problem.
 Place the cuff around the upper arm and secure.
 Connect the cuff tubing to the sphygmo-manometer tubing and secure.
 Rest the patient's arm on a surface that is level with their arm.
 Place the stethoscope over the brachial artery (in the bend of the elbow) and listen to the
pulse
 Pump up the cuff slowly and listen for when the pulse disappears. This is an indication to
stop inflating the cuff.
 Start to deflate the cuff very slowly whilst watching the mercury level in the
sphygmomanometer.
 Note the sphygmomanometer reading (the number the mercury has reached) when the
pulse reappears: record this as the systolic pressure.
 Deflate the cuff further until the pulse disappears: record this reading as the diastolic
pressure.
 Record these two measurements, first the systolic and then the diastolic (e.g., 120/80), in
the patient's notes or chart.
 Tell the patient the blood pressure reading.
 Disinfect the stethoscope drum and ear pieces with the alcohol wipe.
 Wash and dry your hands.
 Report an extremely low or high reading to the clinically qualified person in charge of the
patient's care. MERCURIAL
SPYGMOMANOMETE
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF BLOOD PRESSURE.
R
 ANERIOD SYGMOMANOMETER
DIGITAL SPYGMOMANOMETER

II: Learning Competencies with code? Kasanayan Pagkatuto at kods:

LO 1. ASSESS THE SITUATION

1.1 Discuss First Aid Principles

1.2 Demonstrate Vital Signs Taking
Code: TLE_HECGBA9 -12 –Ig -7

III: Directions/ Instruction / Panuto:

Let us determine how much you have learned about First Aid Principles and on how to take Vital Signs.

IV: Exercise/Activity/Pamaraan
Assess Yourself:
TEST I:
Direction: Choose only the letter of the correct answer.
1. Normal Adult respiration rate is
a. 12 to 20 breath per minute
b. 60 to 100 breath per minute
c. 15 to 30 breath per minute
d. 35 to 150 breath per minute
2. The measurement in the blood pressure after the heart contracts is __________.
a. Systolic pressure
b. Diastolic
c. Numerator
d. Denominator
3. Following are types of sphygmomanometer
a. Manual
b. Digital
c. Solar
d. Mercury
4. What do you call to an emergency response given to an injured or sick person while
waiting for an expect medical help?
a. First Aid
b. Medics
 c. Health Care
d. Front liner
5. What qualities of a first aider in an emergency were presence of mind is essential when
responding to an emergency situation.
a. Decision maker
b. Resourceful
c. Has leadership skills
d. Quick thinker
TEST II: Direction: Perform Vital signs Taking.
Ask a family member to act as your patient and take her/his vital signs. Record the results in the box
provided below. (Except BP) You will be graded by a Rubrics.
Name of Patient:
Age:
Sex:
VITAL SIGNS:
Respiratory Rate:
Pulse Rate:
Temp:
Blood Pressure:

Test III. Fill in the blank with the proper answer to make the statement correct.
1. The wave created by the heart when pumping blood into the circulation__________.
2. The normal range of pulse rate for infant is __________.
3. The first vital signs taken after an incidents or emergency is ____________.
4. An instrument used to measure body temperature is ____________.
5. Elevation of blood pressure is called __________.
Test IV: What are the principles of basic first aid?
1. __________________________
2. __________________________
3. __________________________

V: Guide questions (If necessary),

What are the importance of efficient taking vital signs?
Asnwer:

VI. Rubrics for scoring/ rubrics sa pagpupuntos (if necessary)

Find out by accomplishing Rubrics honestly and sincerely.
Remember it is your learning at stake.
ACCURACY SCORING CRITERIA
Demonstrate 3 procedures on how to take vital 10
signs with records.
Demonstrate 2 procedures on how to take vital 9
signs with records
 Demonstrate 1 procedures on how to take vital 7
signs with records
Failed to demonstrate taking vital signs 1

VII: Reflection/Pangwakas:
What have you learned from this lesson? What is the importance of being an efficient first aider.
Answer:

How will you apply what have you learned?

Answer:

VIII: Reference of Learners/Mga Sangunian:

Vol. 1 CAREGIVING BOOK p. 82 - 93

(Technical- Vocational – Livelihood Track: Home Economics Strand)

IX: Answer Key/Susi sa Pagwawasto:

TEST I:
1. A
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. D
TEST III.
1. BLOOD PRESSURE
2. 100 TO 160 BREATH PER MINUTE
3. RESPIRATORY RATE
4. THERMOMETER
5. HYPERTENSIO

Prepared by: DONNA T. CANDOLITA

Secondary School Teacher I