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Rubber electrodes
Cable electrodes
Glass electrodes
These electrodes are usually circular, but they can be
varied (such as a triangular electrode) for non-uniform
regions such as the axilla.
The electrodes are attached to the fixed arm.
In practice, a gap should be left between the glass and
the skin to ensure both a good evaporation and a deep
relaxation.
Instead of glass, there are electrodes that are either
bakelite or plastic.
Rubber electrodes
These are bendable metal
electrodes covered with rubber.
The advantage is to adjust to body
curvatures.
Also plate electrode can be used.
Rubber electrodes include metal
coils.
The felt plates (1-2 cm) should be
located between the body and the
electrodes to prevent sweating.
Should be aware of overheating.
The metal parts of electrodes is
breakable
Properties of electrodes
Size of electrodes
The distance of the electrodes to the skin
Positions of electrodes
Size of Electrodes
Electrodes should be slightly larger
than the area to be treated. Thus,
equal temperature can be applied
to the deep and superficial tissues.
If it is smaller than the area to be
treated, the skin will be overheated.
If it is larger than the area to be
treated, the energy will be lost.
If the one is large and the other is
small, the electrical force lines will
pass through to the small one.
The distance of the electrodes to
the skin
In general, the distance between
the electrodes is 1.5 - 5 cm.
If the electrodes is to close, the
electrical force lines become more
concentrated at the skin.
If it is too far away, some of the
electrical force lines will lose their
energy until reaching the surface,
and the desired temperature will
not be obtained in the deep tissues.
If one is nearer to the skin, and the
other is farther away, the energy
will be more at the nearer side.
Positions of electrodes
Electrodes should be parallel to skin, not to each other
Distance between electrodes
In practice, the distance
between the electrodes
must be greater than the
sum of the distances of
the electrodes to the skin
(A >a + b).
If the treatment area is
not smooth, the
electrodes should be at a
long distance from the
skin
Application techniques
Reciprocal
Coplanar method
Cross application
Monopolar application
Application techniques
Reciprocal
The part to be treated is between the
two electrodes.
Coplanar Method
Place the electrodes on the same
surface of the part to be treated. The
temperature is superficial.
Cross Application
Electrodes are held in a mediolateral
position in the first half of the
treatment and in a anteroposterior
position in the second half of the
treatment.
Monopolar Application
One of the electrodes can be placed on
the treated side and the other side can
be placed or not used.
Induction field method
The high frequency current passes through the
induction coil and creates a magnetic field.
Provides more warmth in muscle and connective
tissue. There is no danger of overheating when the
body is covered.
They are pot-like drum electrodes or cable electrodes
Easy to use, penetration of the heat into the tissues is
high.
Drum or cable electrodes.
Cable Application
2 m length and 1.5 cm
thickness
Induction cables should
be wrapped around the
body (protected with
towel)
In practice, there should
be a distance of at least
1.5cm between the skin
and the cable.
Cable Application
There is an electromagnetic field between the cable.
Cable electrodes connect to resonator part of tool.
Cable Application
It is usually used for the
treatments of arms an
legs
Cable ends have to be
parallel to each other.
Shunt Technique
Shunt Technique
It is used when more than one limb is treated at the
same time.
For example; Two condenser electrodes are applied to
the lateral surface of both ankles, as in the case of the
two ankle joints.
Two flat rubber electrodes are placed on the medial
parts of both ankles and the ends are connected
together.
Two different electrodes methods
Two different electrodes methods
It is used when the upper and lower surfaces need to
be treated at the same time in the body parts which are
not too thick like the forearm.
Hazards
Burn
Scalding
Electric shock
Gangrene
Hypotension
Dizziness