9

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Caregiving 9
Quarter 2 Week 3
Technology and Livelihood Education– Grade 9
Quarter 2 – Week 3 Activity Sheets
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Activity Sheet

Writer: Jhoanne A. Tampos
Editor:
Reviewer: Geonor C. Adolfo
Illustrator: Ryan R. Padillos
Layout Artist:Ryan R. Padillos
Management Team: Leilanie L. Tingzon (EPS EPP/TLE)
Christopher P. Felipe (EPS LRMDS)

Printed in the Philippines by Learning Resource Management Section

Department of Education – Davao del Sur

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 9

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Caregiving 9
Quarter 2 Week 3
AActivity Sheets
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region XI
Division of Davao del Sur

Name: __________________________Date: __________

Grade: _____________________ Section: ___________
Learning Area: TLE 9 (Caregiving 9)

Activity 3.3 “APPLY BASIC FIRST AID (BA)

L.O 2: APPLY BASIC FIRST AID TECHNIQUES TLE_HECGBA9-12-Ih-8

What I Need to Do

In this activity, you will be able to:

o Identify the use of common equipment in taking vital signs.

o Discuss the use of common equipment in taking vital signs.
o Appreciate the importance of taking vital signs in Caregiving.

Gearing Up

Read and carefully understand the information Sheet below.

Information Sheet 3.3

OBTAINING VITAL SIGNS

VITAL SIGNS
 ➢ These are bodily functions which are basic psychological indicators to a
person’s physical and health status.

Components:

1. Temperature
2. Pulse
3. Respiration
4. Blood pressure
5. Fifth vital sign considered to be the pain that a person experienced.

COMMON EQUIPMENT IN TAKING VITAL SIGNS

1. Thermometer
2. Stethoscope
3. Sphygmomanometer (BP Apparatus)

TEMPERATURE

➢ It is the amount of body heat released by the body’s cells derived from
metabolism, activity of hormones released by the glands and activity of the
skeletal muscle.
➢ Normal body temperature is maintained by the balance of heat loss and heat
production regulated by the hypothalamus (heat regulating organ)

• Factors affecting temperature maintenance and regulation:

- Environmental temperature
- Diurnal variations (dehydrated)
- Exercise
- Hormonal activity
- Sex and Age factors
 - Specific dynamic action

For physical process heat loss.

- Radiation
- Evaporation
- Convection
- Conduction

DIFFERENT TYPES OF THERMOMETER

1. CLINICAL THERMOMETER-

- It is made of glass with a

narrowing above the bulb so
that the mercury column
stays in position even when
the instrument is removed.

- The use of this type is now being eradicated as the mercury content is
dangerous to people.

2. DIGITAL
THERMOMETER

- This thermometer
displays the
reading in the
LCD.
 - And is safe to use.

3. EAR DIGITAL
THERMOMETER

- measures the heat

coming from the
eardrum.
- This release of heat is converted into a temperature and displayed on
an LCD.

4. INFRARED THERMOMETER

- Measures temperature using thermal

radiation emitted by the body.

- It is also called laser thermometer if a laser is

utilized to aid in aiming the thermometer.

• SITES OF TEMPERATURE TAKING

- ORAL
- RECTAL
- AXILLARY

NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE:

A. ORAL- 36 to 37.5 degrees Celsius

B. RECTAL- 36.5 to 37.7 degrees Celsius
C. AXILLARY- 35.6 to 37 degrees Celsius
How to use a Digital Thermometer (Axillary)

1. Wash your hands and take the thermometer from its holder.
2. Clean the PROBE (pointed end) of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap
and then rinse it in cool water.
3. Inform the client that you are going to take his temperature under the armpit.
4. Leave the thermometer in place until the thermometer signals it is finished.
When the thermometer beeps, it means that it can be removed.
5. Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature on the digital
display.
6. Clean the tip of the thermometer with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol. Put the
thermometer’s tip cover. Place the thermometer in its container.
7. Record the reading and wash your hands.

For additional information and tutorial video, please visit the links below.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfTCxVyWNho
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1weZEfUYGs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0N-Jal4imI

BLOOD PRESSURE

➢ the lateral force exerted by the blood on the arterial walls.

• Systolic pressure- The highest pressure when the heart is contracting.

• Diastolic pressure- When the heart is at most relax state.

For example: 100/80 (100 is the systolic pressure), (80 is the diastolic pressure)

Types of BP Apparatus

1. BP Apparatus Aneroid
(sphygmomanometer)
 2. BP Apparatus Digital
(sphygmomanometer)

3. BP Apparatus Mercurial
(sphygmomanometer)

Purposes:

1. to aid in diagnosis
2. to observe changes in a patient’s condition

Contradictions for Brachial Artery Blood Pressure Measurement:

1. Surgery including the breast, axilla, shoulder, arm, or hands.

2. Venous Access Device such as AV shunt and IVF.
3. Injury or disease to the shoulder, arm, or hands such as trauma, burn or
application of cast or bandage.

Sites for BP taking:

1. Either arm on the antecubital space

2. Either leg on the popliteal space
3. Dorsalis pedis
Equipment:

1. Stethoscope
2. Sphygmomanometer
3. Jot down notebook and pen

Normal Ranges:

1. Infant – 50/40- 80/50

2. Children- 87/ 48- 117/64
3. Adult – 110/70- 130/90

Procedure:

1. Wash your hands and prepare the equipment you will use.
2. Introduce yourself and let the patient/client know the procedure to be done.
3. Sanitize the earpieces of the stethoscope with an antiseptic pad.
4. Ask your client to rest quietly. Have him/her lie down or sit on a chair whichever
is more comfortable for him/her.
5. If you are using a mercurial apparatus, the measuring scale should be within the
level of your eyes.
6. Expose the arm of your client by rolling the sleeves up. Have your client’s arm
from the elbow down to rest fully extended on the bed or the arm of a chair.
7. Unroll the cuff, loosen the screw, and squeeze the cuff with your hands to
remove air completely.
8. Wrap the cuff around your client’s arm above the elbow, not too tight or too
loose.
9. Find your client’s brachial pulse at the inside of the elbow.
10. Place the stethoscope’s earpieces into your ears and place the diaphragm on the
brachial pulse.
 11. Turn the screw to close it. Inflate the cuff until the dial points to 30 mm above
the palpated systolic pressure.
12. Turn the screw to open it. Let the air escape slowly until the sound of the pulse
comes back. Take note of the calibration that the pointer passes as you hear the
first sound. This indicates the systolic pressure.
13. You must continue releasing the air from the cuff. When you hear the sounds
change to something softer and faster and disappear, take note of the calibration.
This is now the diastolic pressure.
14. Deflate the cuff complete. Remove it from the arm of your client and record the
reading on the client’s chart.
15. Wipe the earpieces of the stethoscope with an antiseptic pad and place the
equipment back to their proper place and wash your hands.

For additional information and tutorial video, please visit the links below.

LearningTools: Blood Pressure Basics - Audio-Visual Coordination

Skills - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHXvhOQ0hYc

PULSE

➢ It is the rhythmical beating or throbbing of blood in the arterial blood vessel that
results from a wave of blood passing through the artery as the ventricles of the
heart contracts.

• Factors affecting the pulse and its regulations:

❖ Environment
❖ Diurnal variations
❖ Exercise
❖ Hormonal Activity
❖ Sex and Age factors
 ❖ Specific Dynamic action

EQUIPMENT

1. Watch with second hand.

2. Pocket notebook and pen
3. Stethoscope or apical pulse reading.

• Sites where the pulses can be obtained:

- Temporal artery - Femoral artery

- Facial artery - popliteal artery
- Carotid artery - posterior tibial artery
- Apical - dorsalis pedis artery
- Brachial artery

• What to take note while taking the pulse:

- Rate - tension or compressibility

- Rhythm or regularity - volume

• Normal pulse rate per minute according to age:

1. Newborn- 130 to 160 bpm (beats per minute)

2. 1st year- 110 to 140 bpm
3. Toddler to preschool age- 75 to 120 bpm
4. School age- 70 to 95 bpm
5. Adult- 55to 90 bpm (at an average)

- Male – 55 to 80 bpm
- Female – 60 to 90 bpm
 How do I check the pulse on my wrist?

• Place your index and middle fingers on

the inside of your wrist, below your
thumb.
• Use a watch with a second hand and
count your pulse for 60 seconds.
• Write down your pulse rate, the date, time, and which side was used to take the
pulse. Also write down anything you notice about your pulse, such as that it is
weak, strong, or missing beats.

Getting Better

After understanding the information sheet, you may now proceed to

activity below.

CHECK YOUR SKILL IN TAKING VITAL SIGNS.

RED LIGHT, GREEN LIGHT
Procedures in doing the activity:
Carefully analyze the statement given below. These are the do’s and don’ts in
taking Vital Signs. Write the word GREEN LIGHT if the statement indicates Do’s
in taking vital signs. However, if the statement indicates Don’ts in taking vital sign
write the word RED LIGHT.

1. Washed your hands before and after taking vital signs.

2. Use your thumb in taking pulse.
3. Sanitize your equipment before using.
4. Inform your clients on the process before performing.
5. Getting blood pressure to patients having surgery including the breast, axilla,
shoulder, arm, or hands.
 Gaining Mastery

Now that you have completed the activity you should have developed
knowledge in Taking Vital Signs. You are now ready to face the next level to test
your mastery of the lesson.

Assessment!

A. Multiple Choice.

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in your sheet.

1. Which finger will you use to get the pulse rate of your patient?

a. Middle finger c. both Middle and Index finger

b. Index finger d. both Thumb and Middle finger

2. It is the rhythmical beating or throbbing of blood in the arterial blood vessel that
results from a wave of blood passing through the artery as the ventricles of the
heart contracts.

a. Pulse b. Blood pressure c. Body temperature d. all the above

3. The following are the factors affecting temperature maintenance and

regulation, except;

a. Environmental temperature c. Hormonal activity

b. Exercise d. Tension or compressibility

4. Which of site of the body you can get your Axillary Body Temperature?

a. Mouth b. Forehead c. Armpit d. Rectum

5. What equipment are needed in taking Blood pressure?

a. Digital thermometer and Stethoscope c. BP apparatus and

Thermometer
 b. Stethoscope and BP apparatus d. none of these

B. Answer the following questions brief and concise.

1. What is the importance of Taking Vital Signs in caregiving?

2. If you will become a caregiver, how will you take the Vital Signs of your
patient with difficult and challenging behavior?

What I Need to Remember

VITAL SIGNS
➢ These are bodily functions which are basic psychological indicators to a
person’s physical and health status.
Components:
1. Temperature
2. Pulse
3. Respiration
4. Blood pressure
5. Fifth vital sign considered to be the pain that a person experienced
COMMON EQUIPMENT IN TAKING VITAL SIGNS
4. Thermometer
5. Stethoscope
6. Sphygmomanometer (BP Apparatus)

TEMPERATURE
➢ It is the amount of body heat released by the body’s cells derived from
metabolism, activity of hormones released by the glands and activity of
the skeletal muscle.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF THERMOMETER
1. CLINICAL THERMOMETER
2. DIGITAL THERMOMETER
3. EAR DIGITAL THERMOMETER
4. INFRARED THERMOMETER
• SITES OF TEMPERATURE TAKING
- ORAL
- RECTAL
- AXILLARY
NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE:
D. ORAL- 36 to 37.5 degrees Celsius
 E. RECTAL- 36.5 to 37.7 degrees Celsius
F. AXILLARY- 35.6 to 37 degrees Celsius
BLOOD PRESSURE
➢ the lateral force exerted by the blood on the arterial walls.

• Systolic pressure- The highest pressure when the heart is contracting.

• Diastolic pressure- When the heart is at most relax state.
Types of BP Apparatus
1. BP Apparatus Aneroid
2. BP Apparatus Digital
3. BP Apparatus Mercurial
Purposes:
1. to aid in diagnosis
2. to observe changes in a patient’s condition
Contradictions for Brachial Artery Blood Pressure Measurement:
1. Surgery including the breast, axilla, shoulder, arm, or hands.
2. Venous Access Device such as AV shunt and IVF.
3. Injury or disease to the shoulder, arm, or hands such as trauma, burn or
application of cast or bandage.
Sites for BP taking:
1. Either arm on the antecubital space
2. Either leg on the popliteal space
3. Dorsalis pedis
EQUIPMENT:
1. Stethoscope
2. Sphygmomanometer
3. Jot down notebook and pen
Normal Ranges:
1. Infant – 50/40- 80/50
2. Children- 87/ 48- 117/64
3. Adult – 110/70- 130/90

PULSE
➢ It is the rhythmical beating or throbbing of blood in the arterial blood vessel
that results from a wave of blood passing through the artery as the ventricles
of the heart contracts.
EQUIPMENT
1. Watch with second hand.
2. Pocket notebook and pen
3. Stethoscope or apical pulse reading.
• Sites where the pulses can be obtained:
- Temporal artery - Femoral artery
- Facial artery - popliteal artery
- Carotid artery - posterior tibial artery
- Apical - dorsalis pedis artery
 - Brachial artery
• Normal pulse rate per minute according to age:
6. Newborn- 130 to 160 bpm (beats per minute)
7. 1st year- 110 to 140 bpm
8. Toddler to preschool age- 75 to 120 bpm
9. School age- 70 to 95 bpm
10. Adult- 55to 90 bpm (at an average)
- Male – 55 to 80 bpm
- Female – 60 to 90 bpm

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax while moving on to the next activity.
Good luck!

Writer: Jhoanne A. Tampos

School: Sta. Cruz National High School
Division: Davao del Sur
 Answer key

.
Activity 1. RED LIGHT, GREEN LIGHT
1. GREEN LIGHT
2. RED LIGHT
3. GREEN LIGHT
4. GREEN LIGHT
5. RED LIGHT

Activity 2.
A. Assessment
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. B
B. Answers may vary on students understanding and ideas.

Writer: Jhoanne A. Tampos

School: Sta. Cruz National High School
Division: Davao del Sur