9

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Caregiving 9
Quarter 1 Week 1
Technology and Livelihood Education– Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Week 1 Activity Sheets
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Activity Sheet

Writer: Jhoanne A. Tampos
Editor:
Reviewer: Geonor C. Adolfo
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 9

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Caregiving 9
Quarter 1 Week 1
AActivity Sheets
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region XI
Division of Davao del Sur

Name: __________________________Date: __________

Grade: _____________________ Section: ___________
Learning Area: TLE 9 (Caregiving 9)

Activity 1 “Provide information to the work group about the

organization’s infection control policies and procedures IC)”

L.O 1:1.2 Infection control policies and procedures and its importance
TLE_HECGIC9-12-Ia-1

What I Need to Do

In this activity, you will be able to:

o Define infection, infection control, policy, procedures, hazard, and

infection risk assessment
o Explain the importance of infection control policies and procedures
o Give examples of infection control policies and procedures.

Gearing Up

Read and carefully understand the information Sheet below.

Information Sheet 1.1

Infection

 is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents;

 their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious
agents and the toxins they produce.
 the state produced by the establishment of one or more pathogenic
agents (such as bacteria, protozoans, or viruses) in or on the body of a
suitable host.
Elements

1. source of infectious agents

2. mode of transmission
3. susceptible host

Infection Control

 is preventing the transmission of infectious organisms and managing

infections if they occur.

Infectious Agents

 are biological agents that cause disease or illness to their hosts.

Contact transmission
 usually involves transmission of an infectious agent by hand or via
contact with blood or body substances.
 Contact may be direct or in direct.

Direct contact transmission

 occurs when infectious agent transferred from one person to another;
 for example, a client’s blood entering a healthcare worker’s body
through an unprotected cut in the skin.
 Including blood borne, droplet, airborne
Indirect contact transmission

 involves the transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated

intermediate object or person;
 for example, an employee touches an infected body on one client and does
not perform hand hygiene before touching another client.
  Transmission may also occur through sources such as contaminated food,
water, medications, devices, or equipment.

Standard precautions

 are work practices which require everyone to assume that all blood and
body substances are potential sources of infection, independent or
perceived risk.

PRINCIPLES

Effective infection control is central to providing high quality support for

clients and a safe working environment.
Staff and clients are most likely sources of infectious agents and are also
the most common susceptible hosts. Other people visiting the premises
may be at risk of both infection and transmission.
Infection control is integral to client support, not an additional set of
practices.
Client’s rights are always respected; they are involved in decision-
making about their support, and they are sufficiently informed to be able
to participate in reducing the risk of transmission of infectious agents.

PROCEDURE:

A. Standard Precautions.

HAND-WASHING

1. Good handwashing using soap and water or waterless antiseptic before and
after each patient contact, after using the bathroom, after handling soiled
material, andafter eating is mandatory.
2. Wash hands after touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and
contaminated items whether gloves are worn.

GLOVES

Should be worn whenever contact with any of the following is

 expected to occur:

a. Blood
b. Any body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat,
c. Non-intact skin
d. Mucous membranes

PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR AND MASKS

1. Should be worn to protect mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes
whenever there is a risk of a splash or spray of blood or body fluids.
2. this includes but not limited to, suctioning, nail clipping, wound irrigation, and
dental work.

GOWN

specialized clothing for protection against infectious materials.

OUTCOME

Infection and infection transmission are prevented and managed as far

as possible through the application of standard precaution practices.

Legislative requirement

This Policy Directive must be read and interpreted alongside the

following legislation.

1. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act (NSW) No 86a

2. Public Health Act (NSW) 2010
3. Food Act (NSW) 2003
4. Privacy Act (Commonwealth) 1988
5. Health Records and Information Privacy Act (NSW) 2002
6. Therapeutic Goods Act (Commonwealth) 1989
7. Schedule 3 - Code of Conduct of the Public Health Regulation (NSW) 2012
8. Work Health and Safety Act (NSW) 2011.

 The Health Practitioner Regulation 2016 provides infection control

standards for medical practitioners, nurses, midwives, pharmacists,
physiotherapists, and podiatrists.
 dentists, dental therapists, dental hygienists, dental prosthetists and
 oralhealth therapists.
 Under these standards a healthcare professional must not, without
“reasonable excuse”, fail to comply with the infection control standards.

THE RISK OF HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS

 Potentially, any microorganism may cause a healthcare associated infection

(HAI)
 Patients, visitors, volunteers, and health workers, patients who are receiving
healthcare in the community or home-based settings are also at risk.
 A HAI often results in greater morbidity and increased risk of mortality for
patients and greater burden for patients’ families and healthcare worker.
 Patients with a HAI are more likely to have a longer hospital stay, require
second-line or broader-spectrum and more expensive antimicrobials and
place greater demands on the health system.
 The application of appropriate infection prevention and control strategies
by the HW, patient(s) and visitors will reduce the risk of HAIs, as most
HAIs are preventable.

CLINICAL GOVERNANCE REQUIREMENTS

 Each PHO must ensure that an executive, appointed at the highest level
within the organization, is responsible for the leadership of the infection
prevention and control program across the PHO.
 The progress and outcomes of the program must be reported to the highest
management level of the organization.
 Clinical leaders and senior managers of a PHO are responsible for
implementing and evaluating systems to prevent and manage HAIs, with
the Board of the PHO having oversight of this process.
 Additional advice and expertise must be sought from individuals skilled in
this area and / or an infection prevention and control committee where
required.
 The PHO’s Infection Prevention and Control Program should have a
current operational / risk plan that is in keeping with this policy. The plan
must;

1. specify the necessary steps to address improvements and

measurement tools for HAI prevention and risk management.
2. Patients and visitors are to be provided the necessary
 information and education to prevent the transmission of
multi-resistant organisms and communicable diseases.

RISK MANAGEMENT

 Each PHO must use a risk management framework when considering the
implementation of infection prevention and control initiatives.
 This framework must be used to determine individual and collective risk(s)
in specific situations, procedures or programs and inform management
options and priorities to reduce the risk of HAIs.
 The aim of determining a patient’s specific risk(s) is;
1. to ensure that appropriate controls are implemented to protect all
patients, visitors, and HWs without compromising clinical care and
psychological support.
2. Guidance on the framework is provided,
3. An operational / risk plan that includes infection risk must be
reviewed and endorsed by the PHO’s infection prevention and
control committee and incorporated into the PHO’s plan(s).

RISK IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

Risk assessment of the patient

 Assessing a patient’s individual infection risk rating is to determine
whether the patient is a potential source of infection to other patients,
visitors and HWs or whether the patient is more susceptible to infection.
 The higher the risk rating, the greater the priority for infection prevention
and control interventions and precautions.

Risk rating of the clinical area (functional area)

 All patients, visitors or HWs in a PHO are susceptible to acquiring an

infection, transmission of a microorganism or communicable diseases.
 However, there are certain functional areas, such as;
1. Intensive care units,
2. Neonatal units,
3. Transplant units,
4. Burns units
5. Hematology units,
  where patients are at a greater risk of acquiring an infection.

The functional areas should be risk rated as one of the following:

1. Extreme risk
2. High risk
3. Medium risk
4. Low risk.

RISK MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS

Standard precautions

 Standard precautions are the minimum infection prevention measures that

apply to all patient care settings, regardless of suspected or confirmed
infection status of the patient
 Standard precautions must always be applied when caring for all patients
and when handling all body substances, secretions, and excretions
(excluding hair and sweat); non-intact skin; and mucosal membranes,
including eyes.

Standard precautions involve adherence to all of the following work

practices;

1. Performing hand hygiene

2. Appropriate and correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
3. Use of aseptic technique
4. Safe use and disposal of sharps
5. Performing routine environmental cleaning
6. Cleaning and reprocessing of shared patient equipment
7. Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
8. Safe handling and disposal of waste and used line
 Getting Better

After understanding the information sheet, you may now proceed to

activity below.

Word Search

Read and understand the statement below. Identify the correct answer that is
being described in the statement through the word puzzle below. Get your paper and
pen for this activity.

E B F C M A S S T H I O D U C A D Z D H I
A V I I E H C F A S O G A S A S F I E M J
F E C N O I T U A C E R P D R A D N A T S
V A G F D A V S R P F K D I T U G F A N Y
C T L E C O B O E I X H G O I O H E S J I
D G O C H P N E G T Z E Y L O T J C F G H
F O U T I L M A H R G R J K C E N T T G O
E I K I K K O M J O H P K W N R F I O N T
W P V O L J U B B I G N L Q A P O O P V U
Q L D N W H A H A N K O S A V L S U I Z A
R U S I M F E I I G L I R I D S A S E Q E
A I C N I S I H Q K S T D E G O R A Q A D
I O W O A T S O R L A S A F B T F G C D F
O K Q I V A B Z G E F H O S N I B E A O H
N N G G W R N G F A G E I O K C V N U K V
A M D D X U M A O D L I D T Y A M T T S B
H D N F B O G X I Z M A M S W F L T H C N
G A X Z M I J C U K N V N T S E I F N D G
H R N O I S S I M S N A R T T C A T N O C

1. The invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents

2. The process of using soap and water or waterless antiseptic before
and after each patient contact, after using the bathroom, after
handling soiled material, and after eating is mandatory.
3. This are work practices which require everyone to assume that all
blood and body substances are potential sources of infection,
independent or perceived risk.
 4. This are biological agents that cause disease or illness to their hosts.
5. The transmission of an infectious agent by hand or via contact with
blood or body substances.

Gaining Mastery

Now that you have completed the activity you should have developed
knowledge in Infection control policies and procedures and its importance. You are
now ready to face the next level to test your mastery of the lesson.

Assessment:
TRUE OR FALSE: (modified)

Write TRUE in space provided if the statement is correct.

However, if the statement is FALSE identify the word that makes the
statement wrong. Write the word FALSE and the correct answer in the
space provided. Copy the table below.

STATEMENT TRUE/FALSE
Protective eyewear and masks Should be worn
to protect mucous membranes of the mouth,
nose, and eyes whenever there is a risk of a
splash or spray of blood or body fluids.
Infection and infection transmission are
prevented and managed as far as possible
through the
application of personal protective equipment.
Wash hands after touching blood, body
fluids,
secretions, excretions, and contaminated items
only when gloves are not worn.
Effective infection control is central to
providing high quality support for clients and a
safe working
environment.
Indirect contact transmission occurs when
infectious agent transferred from one person
to another.
B. MULTIPLE CHOICE.

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

1. What is Health Practitioner Regulation 2016?

a. Assessing a patient’s individual infection risk rating is to determine whether the

patient is a potential source of infection to other patients, visitors and HWs or
whether the patient is more susceptible to infection.

b. Standard precautions are the minimum infection prevention measures that apply
to all patient care settings, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status
of the patient

c. Provides infection control standards for medical practitioners, nurses, midwives,

pharmacists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists.
d. The application of appropriate infection prevention and control strategies by the
HW, patient(s) and visitors will reduce the risk of HAIs, as most HAIs are
preventable.
2. What type of transmission involves the transfer of an infectious agent through
a contaminated intermediate object or person?
a. indirect contact transmission c. independent contact transmission
b. direct contact transmission d. individual contact transmission
3. The following are the type of disease transmission except.
a. bites c. direct contact transmission
b. airborne transmission d. viral transmission
4. Which of the following is referred to as preventing the transmission of
infectious organisms and managing infections if they occur?
a. infectious agent c. standard precaution
b. infection control d. Work Health and Safety Act (NSW) 2011.
5. This refers to the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing
agents.
a. infection b. infectious agent c. standard precaution d. infection control
 What I Need to Remember

Infection

 is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents;

 their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious
agents and the toxins they produce.
Infection Control

 is preventing the transmission of infectious organisms and managing

infections if they occur.

Infectious Agents

 are biological agents that cause disease or illness to their hosts.

Contact transmission
 usually involves transmission of an infectious agent by hand or via
contact with blood or body substances.
 Contact may be direct or in direct.
Direct contact transmission
 occurs when infectious agent transferred from one person to another;
 for example, a client’s blood entering a healthcare worker’s body
through an unprotected cut in the skin.
 Including blood borne, droplet, airborne
Indirect contact transmission

 involves the transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated

intermediate object or person;
 for example, an employee touches an infected body on one client and does
not perform hand hygiene before touching another client.
 Transmission may also occur through sources such as contaminated food,
water, medications, devices, or equipment.

Standard precautions

 are work practices which require everyone to assume that all blood and
 body substances are potential sources of infection, independent or
perceived risk.

Legislative requirement

This Policy Directive must be read and interpreted alongside the

following legislation.

9. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act (NSW) No 86a

10. Public Health Act (NSW) 2010
11. Food Act (NSW) 2003
12. Privacy Act (Commonwealth) 1988
13. Health Records and Information Privacy Act (NSW) 2002
14. Therapeutic Goods Act (Commonwealth) 1989
15. Schedule 3 - Code of Conduct of the Public Health Regulation (NSW) 2012
16. Work Health and Safety Act (NSW) 2011.

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a while moving on to the next activity.
Good luck!

Writer: Jhoanne A. Tampos

School: Sta. Cruz National High School
Division: Davao del Sur
 Answer key

Writer: Jhoanne A. Tampos

School: Sta. Cruz National High School
Division: Davao del Sur