X-SEED CLASSES

AN INSTITUTE OF PURE EDUCATION Physics Class-10th CBSE

Electricity By.. Devashish Srivastava

Syllabuss For 2020-21

Theme : How Things Work
Electric current, Potential difference, Ohm’s law, Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a
conductor depends, Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily
life, Heating effected of electric current and its applications in daily life, Electric power, Interrelation between P,V
and R.

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Electricity : Electricity is a form of energy which is used to run most of our machines and appliances. We can not
imagine a world without electricity. It is important for us to understand its importance & functions. Electricity involves all

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those phenomena which are associated with an electrical charge.

Eletric Charge : Electric charge is a physical propertity of matter which causes it to experience a force in an electric
field. It is represented by Q & its unit is coulomb. There are two types of charges

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(i) Positive Charge
(ii) Negative Charge
(i) Positive Charge : The charge acquired by a glass rod when rubbed with silk is called positive charge. Positive
charge on proton is equal to 1.6  10-19 coulomb.
(ii) Negative Charge : The charge acquired by an ebonite rod when rubbed with wool is called negative charge.
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Negative charge on electron is equal to 1.6  10-19 coulomb.

Coulomb : It is the S.I. unit of charge. One coulomb is defined as that amount of charge which repels an equal and
similar charge with a force of 9  109 N when placed in vacuum at a distance 1 meter from it.

Static Electricity : Static electricity deals with electric charges at rest.

Current(Dynamic) Electricity : Current electricity deals with electric charges at motion.
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Conductor : A substance which allows passage of electric charges through it easily is called a conductor. A conductor
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offers very low resistance to the flow of current. Copper, Silver, Aluminium etc are the conductors.
Insulator : A substance that has infinitely high resistance does not allowelectric current to flow through it. It is called an
insulator. Rubber, glass, plastic etc are the insulators.

Electric Current : The flow of electric charges across a cross section of a conductor constitutes an electric current. It
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is defined as the rate of flow of the electric charge through any section of a conductor. It is denoted by I and its S.I. unit
is Ampere.
If current is denoted by I and charge is denoted by Q then the relation between I & Q is given by.....
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Q =I  t (Where t is the time)

Ampere : It is the S.I. unit of current. If one coulomb of charge flows through any section of a conductor in one second
then the current through it is said to be one ampere.
1 ampere = 1 coulomb/second
1 ampere = 10-3 miliampere
1 ampere = 10-6 micro-ampere
1 ampere = 10-9 nano-ampere

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 X-SEED CLASSES
AN INSTITUTE OF PURE EDUCATION Physics Class-10th CBSE

Electricity By.. Devashish Srivastava

Conventional Current : Conventionally, the direction of motion of positive charges is taken as the direction of current
. The direction of conventional current is opposite to that of the negatively charged electrons.

Electric Circuit : The closed path along which electric current flows is called an electric circuit.

Electric Field : The region around the charged body within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles
or objects.

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Electrostatic Potential : Electrostatic potential at any point in an electric field is defined as the amount of work done

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in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point. Its unit is volt. Positive charges move from higher to lower
potential regions. Electrons, being negatively charged, move from lower to higher potential regions.
If electrostatic potential is denoted by V and work done is denoted by W then the relation between V and W is given
by.........
V = W/Q

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Potential difference between two points : The potential difference two points in an electric field is the amount of
work done in bringing a unit positive charge from one to another. It is also written as...

V = W/Q
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One Volt : The potential difference between two points in an electric field is said to one volt if one joule work has to be
done in bringing a unit positive charge of one coulomb from one to another.
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R R1 R2 R3
1 Volt = 1 Joule/Coulomb

Galvanometer : It is a device to detect current in an elecric circuit.

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Ammeter : It is a device to measure current in the circuit. It is always connected in series in a circuit.
Voltameter : It is a device to measure a potential difference. It is always connected in parallel to the component across
which the potential difference is to be measured. It is always connected in parallel in a circuit.
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Ohm’s Law : According to this law the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to potential differ-
ence across its ends, provided the physical conditions like temperature, density etc remains unchanged. If the potential
difference across the ends of conductor is denoted by V and current passing through the conductor is I then the relation
between the potential difference & current is given by.....
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V=IR
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Resistance : It is a property of the conductor by virtue of which it oppose the flow of current through it. It is equal to
the ratio of the potential difference applied across its end and the current flowing through it. The S.I. unit of resistance is
ohm (  ). It is given by
R = V/I

Ohm : It is the S.I. unit of resistance. A conductor has a resistance of one ohm if a current of one ampere flow through
it on applying a potential difference of one volt across its ends.
1 Ohm = 1 Volt / 1 Ampere

H.O.: C-86 AWAS VIKAS, MAIN ROAD SHIVAJI NAGAR, JHANSI (UP) [+919452626456, +919956566713]
BRANCH : NEAR VIKASH BHAWAN, BKD CROSSING, JHANSI (UP) [+919151088666, +917839221656]
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 X-SEED CLASSES
AN INSTITUTE OF PURE EDUCATION Physics Class-10th CBSE

Electricity By.. Devashish Srivastava

Factors on which resistance of a conductor depends : The resistance R of a conductor depends on following.....
(a) It is directly proportional to its length L.
(b) It is inversely proportional to its cross section area A.
(c) It is depend on the nature of material of the conductor.
On combining the above factors we get.....
R  L/A  R =  L/A
Where  is a constant and this constant is known as Resistivity..

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Resistivity : It is defined as the resistance offered by a cube of a material of side 1 meter when current flows perpen-

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dicular to its opposite faces. Its S.I. unit is ohm-meter (  m). It is define as......
 = RA / L

Equivalent Resistance : If a single resistance can replace the combination of resistances in such a manner that the
current in the circuit remains unchanged then that single resistance is called the equivalent resistance.

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Laws of resistances in series : Some important points about the combination of resistance in series is given by........
(a) Current passing through each resistance is same.
(b) Total voltage across the combination is the sum of voltage of each resistor.
(c) Equivalent resistance is equal to sum of individual resistances.
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(d) Equivalent resistance is larger than individual resistance.

Laws of resistances in parallel : Some important points about the combination of resistance in series is given by......
(a) Voltage across each resistance is same and is equal to the applied voltage.
(b) Total current is equal to the sum of individual current passing through each resistance.
(c) The reciprocal of equivalent resistance is the sum of reciprocal of individual resistance.
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(d) Equivalent resistance is less than individual resistance.

Joule’s law of heating : It states that the heat produce in a conductor is directly proportional to
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(i) the square of current passing through it.

(ii) proportional to its resistances R.
(iii) the time t for which current is passed.
If in any conductor current is denoted by I, resistance by R and time t then heat produce is given by.....
H = I2 R t  H = V I t
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Its S.I. unit is joule.

1 calori = 4.18 or 4.2 joule
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Electric Energy : It is the total work done in maintaining an electric current in an electric circuit for given time. Electric
energy is given by W=VIt

Electric Power : Electric power is the rate at which electric energy is consumed by an appliance. It is denoted by.......

P=W/t  P = V I  P = I2 R  P = V2 / R

The S.I. unit of electric power is watt.

H.O.: C-86 AWAS VIKAS, MAIN ROAD SHIVAJI NAGAR, JHANSI (UP) [+919452626456, +919956566713]
BRANCH : NEAR VIKASH BHAWAN, BKD CROSSING, JHANSI (UP) [+919151088666, +917839221656]
Website : www. xseedclasses.com
 X-SEED CLASSES
AN INSTITUTE OF PURE EDUCATION Physics Class-10th CBSE

Electricity By.. Devashish Srivastava

Watt : It is the S.I. unit of power. The power of an appliance is 1 watt if one ampere of current flows through it on
applying a potential differences of one volt across its ends.
1 Watt = 1 Joule / 1 Sec
1 Watt = 1 Volt  1 Amperee

Kilowatt hour : It is the commercial unit of electrical energy. One kilowatt hour is the electric energy consumed by an
appliance of 1000 watts when used for one hour.

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1 KWH = 3.6  106 Joule

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Mind map for your memory

Electric Energy Electric power Potential Difference

P=W/t  P=VI
W = V I t = I2 R t P.D. = W / Q

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P = I2 R  P = V2 / R
Unit - Watt-hour or KWH Unit - Volt
Unit - Watt or Joule/Second
1 KWH = 3.6  106 Joule
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Joule’s Law Ohm’s Law

H = I2 R t  H = V I t Electricity V=IR
Unit - Joule Unit of R - Ohm
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Resistance in series Resistivity

R = R1 + R 2 + R3 Resistance
Resistance in parallel  = RA / L
R=V/I
1 1 1 1 Unit - Ohm-meter
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R R1 R2 R3
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H.O.: C-86 AWAS VIKAS, MAIN ROAD SHIVAJI NAGAR, JHANSI (UP) [+919452626456, +919956566713]
BRANCH : NEAR VIKASH BHAWAN, BKD CROSSING, JHANSI (UP) [+919151088666, +917839221656]
Website : www. xseedclasses.com