EXOSPHERE- IT IS THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE'S LEAST DENSE

LAYER. IT IS THE LARGEST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE, THE

REGION MOST CLOSELY MONITORED BY ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES,
AND IT HAS LITTLE IMPACT ON METEOROLOGICAL EVENTS.

ALTITUDE: 640 TO 64,000KM (400 TO 40,000 MILES) TEMPERATURE: IT

GOES UP TO 2,700°F

GASES: HYDROGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, ATOMIC OXYGEN, AND

HELIUM.

THERMOSPHERE- IT IS LOCATED ABOVE THE MESOSPHERE AND IS

THE FOURTH LAYER OF THE EARTH.

ALTITUDE: 80 TO 640KM (50 TO 500 MILES)

TEMPERATURE: 230°C (440°F)

GASES: OXYGEN, NITROGEN AND HELIUM.

MESOSPHERE- THE THIRD LAYER OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE THAT

CONTAINS STRONG ZONAL WINDS (EAST-WEST), ATMOSPHERIC
TIDES, PLANETARY WAVES, AND GRAVITY WAVES.

ALTITUDE: 50 TO 80KM (31TO 50 MILES) TEMPERATURE: THE

TEMPERATURE DROPS AS YOU LEAVE EARTH DRIPPING TO AS LOW
AS -90°C (-130°F) AT THE TOP OF THE LAYER.

GASES: OXYGEN, NITROGEN, ARGON, CARBON DIOXIDE AND

OTHER GASES.

STRATOSPHERE- THE SECOND LAYER OF THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE AS

YOU GO UPWARD.

ALTITUDE: 50KM (31 MILES)

TEMPERATURE: CONTAINS 20% OF THE MOLECULES IN THE ATMOSPHERE

AND GETS WARMER AS YOU GO AWAY FROM EARTH.

GASES: OZONE GAS, OXYGEN, CHLOROFLUOROCARBON, NITROGEN

OXIDES, NITRIC ACID, SULFURIC ACID AND ETC.

TROPOSPHERE- THE LOWEST LAYER OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE.

ALTITUDE: 16KM (10 MILES)

TEMPERATURE: IT GETS COLD NEAR THE TOP, AS LOW AS -75°C (-

103°F)

GASES: NITROGEN, OXYGEN, ARGON, WATER VAPOR, AND CARBON

DIOXIDE.
SULFUR OXIDES
SOURCES:
VOLCANOES ARE A NATURAL
SOURCE OF SULFUR OXIDES IN
THE ATMOSPHERE, BUT 99% OF
THE SULFUR DIOXIDE IN THE
ATMOSPHERE COMES FROM
HUMAN ACTIVITY, LIKE
ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS,
INDUSTRIES.
PRIMARY
POLLUTANTS
CARBON MONOXIDE
SOURCES:
UNVENTED KEROSENE AND GAS
SPACE HEATERS; LEAKING
CHIMNEYS AND FURNACES;
BACKDRAFTING FROM
FURNACES, GAS WATER
HEATERS, WOOD STOVES, AND
FIREPLACES; GAS STOVES;
GENERATORS AND OTHER
GASOLINE POWERED
EQUIPMENT; AUTOMOBILE
EXHAUST FROM ATTACHED
GARAGES; AND TOBACCO
SMOKE, INDUSTRIES
NITROGEN OXIDES
SOURCES:
FORMED WHEN FUEL IS BURNED
AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. NOX
POLLUTION IS EMITTED BY
AUTOMOBILES, TRUCKS AND
VARIOUS NON-ROAD VEHICLES
LIKE BOATS, CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT, ETC. AS WELL AS
INDUSTRIAL SOURCES AS POWER
PLANTS, INDUSTRIAL BOILERS,
CEMENT KILNS, AND TURBINES.
PARTICULATE MATTER
SOURCES:
SOME ARE EMITTED DIRECTLY
FROM A SOURCE, SUCH AS
CONSTRUCTION SITES, UNPAVED
ROADS, FIELDS, SMOKESTACKS
OR FIRES. MOST PARTICLES FORM
IN THE ATMOSPHERE AS A
RESULT OF COMPLEX REACTIONS
OF CHEMICALS SUCH AS SULFUR
DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDES,
WHICH ARE POLLUTANTS
EMITTED FROM POWER PLANTS,
INDUSTRIES AND AUTOMOBILES.
OZONE SOURCES: SULFURIC ACID
FUEL COMBUSTION AND EVAPORATION SOURCES:
ASSOCIATED WITH CARS, TRUCKS, BUSES
AND EQUIPMENT; FUEL COMBUSTION AND COMES FROM BURNING FOSSIL
EVAPORATION ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE FUELS; HALF COMES FROM
STATIONARY SOURCES SUCH AS POWER
PLANTS, OIL REFINERIES, AND FACTORIES;
BURNING COAL, AND 25-30%
FUEL COMBUSTION AND EVAPORATION COMES FROM BURNING OIL.
FROM SMALL STATIONARY SOURCES SUCH OTHER HUMANGENERATED
AS GASOLINE DISPENSING FACILITIES,
PRINT SHOPS AND OTHERS; ORGANIC
SOURCES INCLUDE SMELTING,
COMPOUND EVAPORATION FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF
CONSUMER PRODUCTS SUCH AS PAINTS, SULPHURIC ACID, CONVERSION
CLEANERS, AND SOLVENTS; AND FUEL
COMBUSTION AND EVAPORATION FROM
OF WOOD PULP TO PAPER, AND
OFF-ROAD ENGINES IN AIRCRAFT, TRAINS, THE INCINERATION OF REFUSE.
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT,
AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS, AND
LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT

SECONDARY
POLLUTANTS

PEROXYACYL
NITRATES SOURCES:
FORM IN THE ATMOSPHERE
AFTER THE EMISSION OF
PRIMARY POLLUTANTS.
SOURCES OF THE POLLUTANTS
REQUIRED TO CREATE PANS
INCLUDE MOTOR VEHICLES,
TOBACCO SMOKE, AND THE
BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS.