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Technology and Livelihood

Education
Agri- Fishery Arts - Horticulture
Quarter 2 - Module 1

Produce Vegetables: Growing Seedlings

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 Government Property

NOT FOR SALE

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Lesson Growing Seedlings:
1 Sow Seeds on Tray
Compartments

What I Need to Know

After completing this module you, you are expected to:

LO 2.5 Sow seeds on tray Compartments

What I Know

Pre Test
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write you answer on a separate sheed of
paper.
1. It is a method of planting where the seeds are sown directly to the soil where
they will grow until harvesting.
A. Direct planting
B. Indirect planting
C. Hydroponics
D. Planting
2. Stage in germination where the seeds absorb water.
A. Production of enzymes
B. Imbibition
C. Root development
D. Extracting nutrient
3. It is the embryonic roots which grows into the ground.
A. Testa
B. Radicle
C. Embryonic stem
D. Hypocotyl

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4. It is also known as the embryonic stem.
A. radicle
B. hypocotyl
C. epicotyl
D. testa
5. The depth of sowing seeds should be
A. Five times the diameter of the seeds
B. Two times the diameter of the seeds
C. Four times the diameter of the seeds
D. Three times the diameter of the seeds
6. Method of planting where the seeds are planted first in the seedbox and transplanted
to the area where they will grow until harvest as soon as they will have three or
more leaves.
A. Direct planting
B. Indirect planting
C. Hydroponics
D. Planting
7. Part of the seeds which emerges and produces leaves.
A. Hypocotyl
B. Radicle
C. epicotyl
D. cotyledon
8. It provides moisture to the seeds.
A. temperature
B. growing media
C. water
D. sunlight
9. Temperature requirement for most of the crops.
A. 25°C - 50°C
B. 25°C - 30°C
C. 25°C - 40°C
D. 20°C - 45°C
10 It is the process of placing the seeds in a moist soil media.
A. Seed sowing
B. Seed dormancy
C. Seed maturity
D. Seed viability
11 Why do we need to plant seeds at the right depth?
. A. The right depth will help them develop into a hardy seedlings.
B. It will increase the rate of germination.
C. Both A& B
D. None of the above
12 How to sow tiny seeds?
. A. Compress the soil atop of the seeds.
B. Cover them with plenty of soil
C. The soil sould be compacted
D. None of the above.

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 13 Why do some seeds fail to germinate?
. A. Due to thick seed coat.
B. Because of the immature embryo
C. Both A& B
D. None of the above
14 Generally, seeds can be sown into the soil
. A. Deeper than twice its diameter
B. Equivalent to its diameter
C. Should not be deeper than twice its diameter
D. Both B & C
15 Placing and depositing of seeds in a moist soil for good seed germination.
. A. Seedbox
B. Seed sowing
C. Soil sterilization
D. Growing media

What’s In

Seed sowing is a basic skill in horticulture. Many plants

especially vegetable are easy to grow from seeds. You only need less equipment
and all you have to do is to provide the basic requirement for the germination – the
moisture, suitable temperature and oxygen.

What’s New

Sowing is the important operation in crop production. The seeds

must be placed at a required depth in a moist soil to get enough moisture.
Always start to by preparing the soil. Remove weeds then loosen the soil.
Moisten the beds thoroughly a few days before sowing.

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 What is It

Sowing is a process of planting or placing the seeds in a moist soil media.

Two methods of planting:

1. Direct planting
 The seeds are directly planted into the soil where they will grow
until harvesting.
 Direct planting usually done when plants have large seeds
2. Indirect planting
 Seeds are planted first in the seed box or seed bed. As soon as
the seedlings have three or more leaves they will be transplanted
to the area where they will grow until harvesting. This method is
usually done when plants have tiny seeds like pechay, eggplant
etc.

Proper seed growing techniques

Seed germination is when the seeds is developed into a new plant.
Seed Germination Stages
 Imbibition. Germination begins with the absorption of water. The
seed coat or also known as the testa, ruptures and the embryonic
root or the radicle grows into the ground to absorb nutrients and
minerals from the soil.
 The cotyledon emerges and produces the primary leaves.
 The growing plant can be divided into parts, the epicotyl or
embryonic shoots, embryonic stem, also known as the hypocotyl,
and the developing roots

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Factors that affect the germination of seeds
1. Water. Seeds need to take a enough amount of water. It provides moisture
and helps in rupturing of seeds.
2. Temperature. Different seeds requires different optimum temperature. The
optimum temperature of most crops is around 25°C - 30° C.
3. Adequate sunlight. Some species require adequate sunlight before
germinating.
4. Suitable growing media.
5. Seed dormancy. There are some seeds which require more time to
germinate. Some seeds become dormant because of thick seed coats and/ or
immature embryo.

Depth of Sowing
Planting seeds at the right depth will help them develop into hardy
seedlings and increase the rate of germination. The depth varies depending on the
size and types of seeds. Generally, seeds can be sown into the soil not deeper than
twice its diameter
General Guidelines for Seed Depth
 Seeds should be planted at a depth of two times the width or the diameter of
the seeds. Example , if your seeds is ½ inch wide , you plant the seeds an
inch deep.
 For tiny seeds, place them on the surface of the soil and barely cover them
with soil.
 Do not compress the soil atop the seeds as you plant them. The soil should
not be compacted.
 You can also refer on the required planting depth of the variety from
package of the seeds that you bought.

Importance of seed sowing

Sowing is the most important operation in vegetable production. The
seeds must be placed at a required depth in a moist soil so as to get the optimum
condition for its germination. It is important because you can make lots of new plant
for your garden. Seed sowing also gives you a great satisfaction in knowing you’ve
played a part in creating those plants, which is one of the most rewarding aspects of
producing crops.

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 What’s More

Activity 8 Sowing seeds in trays / seed boxes

1. Find some trays or pots.
2. Fill the seed tray with compost.
3. Moisten the surface of the compost.
4. Broadcast the seed or sow the seed in row.
5. Cover the seeds with thin layer of soil.
6. Cover the seed tray or pots.
7. Place the seed tray in a warm place.
8. Remove the cover once the seeds are germinated.

What I Have Learned

Check ( /) the plants that are directly planted and (X) those that are indirectly
planted.

__ 1. Okra ___ 6. Beans

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__ 2. Eggplant ___ 7. Petchay

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__ 3. Squash ___ 8. Tomato

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__ 4. Bell pepper ___ 9. radish

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__ 5. Carrots ___ 10 cucumber

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 What I Can Do

Activity 9
Materials : seedbox , soil, and seeds
Steps :

1. Prepare a seed box using any available materials measuring 3x3 sq. ft. and at
least 6 inches deep. Place your sterilized soil media. Sow seed in a row.
2. Place the soil in the seed box and moisten.
3. Sow the seeds in row or in broadcast but it is advisable to sow seeds in row
because seeds will have enough space.
4. Cover the seeds with thin layer of soil enough to cover the seeds.
5. Press the whole surface firmly.
6. Water the seed box with sprinkler with fine holes.

Summary
Seed sowing is placing the seed in a moist soil media. There are two
methods of planting the direct planting where seeds are planted directly to the area
where they grow until harvesting and the indirect planting where seeds are
transplanted to area where they will grow until harvesting.
The depth of sowing seeds varies depending on the size and types of
seeds but generally seeds can be sown not deeper than twice its diameter.

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Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. It is a method of planting where the seeds are sown directly to the soil where
they will grow until harvesting.
A. Direct planting
B. Indirect planting
C. Hydroponics
D. Planting
2. Stage in germination where the seeds absorb water.
A. Production of enzymes
B. Imbibition
C. Root development
D. Extracting nutrient
3. It is the embryonic roots which grows into the ground.
A. Testa
B. Radicle
C. Embryonic stem
D. Hypocotyl
4. It is also known as the embryonic stem.
A. radicle
B. hypocotyl
C. epicotyl
D. testa
5. The depth of sowing seeds should be
A. Five times the diameter of the seeds
B. Two times the diameter of the seeds
C. Four times the diameter of the seeds
D. Three times the diameter of the seeds
6. Method of planting where the seeds are planted first in the seedbox and transplanted
to the area where they will grow until harvest as soon as they will have three or
more leaves.
A. Direct planting
B. Indirect planting
C. Hydroponics
D. Planting
7. Part of the seeds which emerges and produces leaves.
A. Hypocotyl
B. Radicle
C. epicotyl

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 D. cotyledon
8. It provides moisture to the seeds.
A. temperature
B. growing media
C. water
D. sunlight

9. Temperature requirement for most of the crops.

A. 25°C - 50°C
B. 25°C - 30°C
C. 25°C - 40°C
D. 20°C - 45°C
10 It is the process of placing the seeds in a moist soil media.
A. Seed sowing
B. Seed dormancy
C. Seed maturity
D. Seed viability
11 Why do we need to plant seeds at the right depth?
. A. The right depth will help them develop into a hardy seedlings.
B. It will increase the rate of germination.
C. Both A& B
D. None of the above
12 How to sow tiny seeds?
. A. Compress the soil atop of the seeds.
B. Cover them with plenty of soil
C. The soil sould be compacted
D. None of the above.
13 Why do some seeds fail to germinate?
. A. Due to thick seed coat.
B. Because of the immature embryo
C. Both A& B
D. None of the above
14 Generally, seeds can be sown into the soil
. A. Deeper than twice its diameter
B. Equivalent to its diameter
C. Should not be deeper than twice its diameter
D. Both B & C
15 Placing and depositing of seeds in a moist soil for good seed germination.
. A. Seedbox
B. Seed sowing
C. Soil sterilization
D. Growing media

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Answer Key
Pre Test Assessment

16. A. 1. A.
17. B 2. B
18. B 3. B
19. B 4. B
20. B 5. B
21. B 6. B
22. D 7. D
23. C 8. C
24. B 9. B
25. A 10. A
26. C 11. C
27. D 12. D
28. C 13. C
29. C 14. C
30. B 15. B

What I Have Learned

1. /
2. X
3. /
4. X
5. X
6. /
7. X
8. X
9. X
10. /

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Reference
Brennan , Eugene, “Gardening For Beginners: 10 Easy Steps to Sowing Seeds “
dengarden”. Last Updated on May 11, 2020 https://dengarden.com/gardening/How-
to-Sow-Seeds
Iannoti , Marie, “What is Direct Seeding of Direct Sowing ? “the spruce”. Last
Updated October 24,2019. www.thespruce.com/what-is-direct-seeding-or-direct-
sowing-1403094

Study.com, “What is Seed Germination? – Definition , Process, Steps & Factors

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-seed-germination-definition-process-
steps-factors.html

http://seednet.ap.nic.in/Stl/htmlpages/GerminationTesting.htm

Department of Education ,Competency- Based Learning Material, Third Year

Horticulture NC II.

Colleen Vanerlindin, “ How To Determine The Proper Depth To Plant, Seed.

The spruce. Updated October 18, 2019. https://www.thespruce.com/how-
deeply-should-seeds-be-planted-2539711

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Division of Bukidnon

Fortich Street, Sumpong, Malaybalay City , Bukidnon 8700

Telefax: (088) – 813 - 3634

Email Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph

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