STO.

TOMAS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte

LESSON PLAN IN TECHNOLOGY & LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

HORTICULTURE 10

FEBRUARY 19, 2020

Wednesday

9:45 – 11:45 Aquino, Quirino, Duterte Arroyo

I. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

a. Identify method of harvesting fruits.
b. Consider factors to consider in harvesting fruit and vegetable crops;
c. Appreciate the efforts of fruit & vegetable growers in growing crops for
the community.
d. Express the need to use appropriate materials for harvesting fruits and
vegetable crops.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Subject: Grade 10 Horticulture

Module Title (V): Harvesting of Fruits
Topic: Lesson 2 - Perform Method of Harvesting
References: CBM IV YEAR – HORTICULTURE NC II

Materials: Laptop, Television, manila paper, marking pen

Values: patience perseverance & industry

III. DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY

TEACHERS’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS PERFORMANCE/RESPONSE

A. Prayer One student to lead a prayer
B. Checking of Attendance
C. Review

Let us check who can recall our previous

lessons:
1. What do you call the stage of fruit Maturity stage
development when fruits are ready to be
harvested?

2. Harvesting of fruits beyond the right time Delayed Harvesting

is called_______.
1. Counting from time of planting to maturity stage
3. What are the methods of determining 2. From blooming to maturity
maturity of fruit and vegetable crops?

c. Motivation I think the most exciting and rewarding task is the

In farming practices, which do you think is a harvest time?
most exciting and rewarding task?
Because it is exactly where all the efforts would be
Why? rewarded.
Very good….

d. 4 As
Listening and Participating
1. Activity
Today we shall talk about the most exciting
part of farming which is the harvesting of
fruits. But before that let us first try to
familiarize some terms that we will be often
using as we go on with our discussion.

Lecture & Discussion

*Vocabulary (Unlocking of difficulty)
(Call students to read loud and clear the
slide content)
1. alawa – a bamboo pole with catching net
and a hook attached at the end used to
harvest fruits.

2. kaing - bamboo basket used as a

One student read sentence #1 and gives short
container of harvested fruits discussion.

3. wooden crates -

*Discussion Proper:
Before deciding when to harvest crops, the
following factors should be considered:
(Shown in power point) Kindly read please.

1. Distance – (when fruits like mango, Reading & discussion.

avocado, papaya or chico are to be
transported & marketed at a considerable
distance, should be harvested ahead of the
ripening time. Otherwise, they may be
rotten along the way.)
Reading & discussion
2. Purpose – (fruits intended to be eaten
green should be harvested while still young
or before the ripening stage , but when
intended for seed purposes, harvesting
could be delayed.)
Yes Mam
3. Characteristics – ( some crops , although
mature, appear green during the rainy
season and may not show change in color.
Therefore, the farmer should be guided by Watching video
this natural behavior of plants in deciding
the time of harvest.)

Have you experienced or witnessed Expected answer:

harvesting of fruit crops? Have you
observed or noticed the kind of tools the
harvesters use?
*Video viewing on picking of fruits
2. Analysis
How would you describe the method of
harvesting fruit crop?
What tools did you see in the video for
harvesting fruits? Can you name and state
the use and importance of each?
Why is it important to use appropriate tools
for harvesting?
3. Abstraction
So We have learned that harvesting of crops
is done by hand – picking with utmost care.
Why is this so?
Use of appropriate tools in harvesting fruit
crops is also a great help. Can you now
name these tools?
Call students to answer / read.
How important is it to consider the factors
in harvesting fruit – bearing crops?
What values and quality should one possess
if he/she wants to engage in farming fruits
The harvesting is done by hand picking
method.
The tools found in the video are………….
The use of appropriate tools in picking fruits
has a direct effect on the quality of produce
and as well makes the task easy and less
strenuous.
To avoid damages and losses from
mishandling while doing the harvest.
To keep commercial quality of crops.
1. A pole with a net and a hook at the end
called “alawa” by Pangasinenses.
2. Bamboo basket called “kaing” tied to a
rope. This harvesting device id brought by
the climber on the tree to place the fruits
picked. With the help of the rope the loaded
basket is laid on the ground.
3. boxes and crates with liners serve as
containers for harvested fruits from picking
until it reaches the target market.
4. ladder – can be made of bamboo, wood or
metal used to reach fruits that are beyond
the reach of harvesters.
Considering the factors in harvesting fruit
crops is very important since it will greatly
affect the quality of fruits, fruit pickers
should be extra careful not to inflict damage
on the harvested crops to ensure higher
profit?
A fruit and vegetable farmer should be patient,
industrious and should persevere in taking care of
crops from planting until harvesting in order to
have quality and steady supply of products.
and vegetable crops?

4. Application
Group Activity: Given the following fruit
crops, & fruit bearing and leafy vegetables,
determine the tools that you will need to
harvest these crops. Explain the function of
each tools. Consider also other tools that
you think are useful in the activity. Include Doing task in group.
also personal protective clothing (PPC /PPE) Group reporting.
or equipment to show observance of safety
first principle in doing tasks.
Ask one from your group to present your
output. You will be given 5 minutes to do
this

Group I 1. Durian
2. Bokchoi (Pechay)
3. Tomato Answering the test questions.
Group II 1. Philippine Spinach (alugbate)
2. Eggplant
3. pomelo
Group III 1. okra
2. radish
3. mangosteen

e. Assessment
A. Write true if the sentence is correct and
false if it is wrong. Write your answers in a
¼ sheet of paper.
1. Picking fruits is done only by hand –
picking.
2. Harvesting of fruits should be a little
bit delayed if the intention of the
harvest is for seed production.
3. Using appropriate materials in
harvesting fruits is very much
advisable to avoid damages of the
fruits.
4. Delayed harvesting of fruits is
advantageous to the fruit grower.
5. The distance of shipping fruits is a
factor in considering the time of
harvesting.
B. Essay: Copying the assignment in notebook.
Write a short essay – at least
three paragraphs - about the need to use
appropriate tools in harvesting crops like
fruit trees, fruit- vegetable , leafy vegetable
and other forms of crops.

f. Assignment
What are post -harvest operations? Give
examples. Write your answer in your
notebook.
Prepared by:

MICHELLE B. DANO
TLE Teacher
Observed:
LANI D. MARTINEZ
MT 1 – T.L.E.

Date Observed:___________________________
 LESSON PROPER

a. Prayer, Checking of Attendance

b. Review
Let us check who can recall our previous lessons:

1. What do you call the stage of fruit development when fruits are ready to be
harvested?

2. Harvesting of fruits beyond the right time is called_______.

3. What are the methods of determining maturity of fruit and vegetable crops?

c. Motivation

Harvest rituals

d. 4 As

1. Activity

Lecture & Discussion

*Vocabulary (Unlocking of difficulty)

1. alawa – a bamboo pole with catching net and a hook attached at the end used to harvest
fruits.

2. kaing - bamboo basket used as a container of harvested fruits

3. wooden crates -

*Discussion Proper:

Factors to Consider in Harvesting Fruit – Bearing Crops

1. Distance – when fruits like mango, avocado, papaya or chico are to be transported &
marketed at a considerable distance, should be harvested ahead of the ripening time.
Otherwise, they may be rotten along the way.

2. Purpose – fruits intended to be eaten green should be harvested while still young or before
the ripening stage , but when intended for seed purposes, harvesting could be delayed.

3. Characteristics - some crops , although mature, appear green during the rainy season and
may not show change in color. Therefore, the farmer should be guided by this natural behavior
of plants in deciding the time of harvest.

Materials for picking fruit bearing crops:

Have you experienced or witnessed harvesting of fruit crops? Have you observed or noticed
the kind of tools the harvesters use?

* Modern methods of harvesting crops.

*Video viewing on picking of fruits

2. Analysis

How would you compare the method of harvesting field crops with that of harvesting fruit
crop?
The harvesting of field crops has been mechanized, while that of fruit crops is done by hand
picking method.

What tools did you see in the video for harvesting fruits??
Can you name and state the use and importance of each?
The tools found in the video are:

Why is it important to use appropriate tools for harvesting?

The use of appropriate tools in picking fruits has a direct effect on the quality of produce and
as well makes the task easy and less strenuous.

3. Abstraction

So We have already discussed the importance of using appropriate tools in harvesting fruit
crops, basically the tools being used are:

1. Picking pole with either a bag or basket at the end

2. A pole with a net and a hook at the end called “alawa” by Pangasinenses.

3. Bamboo basket called “kaing” tied to a rope. This harvesting device id brought by the
climber on the tree to place the fruits picked. With the help of the rope the loaded basket is
laid on the ground.

4. boxes and crates with liners serve as containers for harvested fruits from picking until it
reaches the target market.

5. ladder

How important is it to consider the factors in harvesting fruit – bearing crops?

Considering the factors in harvesting fruit crops is important since it will greatly affect the
quality of fruits, fruit pickers should be extra careful not to inflict damage on the harvested
crops to ensure higher profit?

What values and quality should one possess if he/she wants to engage in farming fruits and
vegetable crops?

4. Application
Group Activity: Given the following fruit crops, & fruit bearing and leafy vegetables, determine
the tools that you will need to harvest these crops. Consider other tools that you think are
useful in the activity. Ask one from your group to report your output.

1. Apple 6. Bokchoi (Pechay)

2. Tomato 7. Philippine Spinach (alugbate)
3. Eggplant 8. Swamp Cabbage (kangkong)
4. Okra 9. Labanos (radish)
5. Bitter Gourd (amplaya) 10. carrots

e. Assessment

A. Write true if the sentence is correct and false if it is wrong. Write your answers in a ¼ sheet
of paper.

6. Picking fruits is done only by hand – picking.

7. Harvesting of fruits should be a little bit delayed if the intention of the harvest is for
seed production.
8. Using appropriate materials in harvesting fruits is very much advisable to avoid
damages of the fruits.
9. Delayed harvesting of fruits is advantageous to the fruit grower.
10. The distance of shipping fruits is a factor in considering the time of harvesting.

B. Essay:

Write a short essay

Prepared by:

MICHELLE B. DANO
Teacher III – TLE 10
A. DEVELPMENTAL ACTIVITIES

Teacher’s Activity Students Activity

a. Motivation
“Okey, are you all ready for our lesson?” Yes Ma’am!

“Who among you here have farms?” (students will raise their hands)

“What crops are planted? Have you tried harvesting (students will raise their hands and
your own planted crops?” answer)

“So I want You now to enumerate and identify the

steps you perform to your harvested crops.”
(students will raise their hands and
(Pick 3 students to answer) answer)

“Thank you class all of your answers are correct

because we have different kinds of crops the grain
crops includes the rice and corn, and the perishables
which is the fruits and vegetables belong. So it
requires different steps after harvest to lengthen the
shelf life of that specific commodity”

b. LESSON PROPER
“Today our topic is all about the POSTHARVEST
OPERATIONS/ HANDLING. “
The teacher states the lesson objectives

“When you hear the word POSTHARVEST (students listen to the lesson objectives)
HANDLING what comes into your mind?
Anyone?” (students will raise their hands and
(Pick 2 students to answer) answer)

“Thank you; please listen attentively because after

the discussion we will have our short quiz.”

“POSTHARVEST HANDLING”
“Is the specific term used for the
movement of commodities and
operations through which the
commodity undergoes from harvest to
possession to the fixed consumer; this
includes the technological aspects of
marketing and distribution. Different
crops undergo different steps on
postharvest. “

Why are postharvest practices done?

 Vegetables/fruits are living tissues that

undergo continuous change after harvest
 Rapid deterioration can occur
 Can affect quality of vegetable/fruits
(Freshness and nutritional)
 Safety of the vegetable/fruits (Pesticide
residues)(Microbiological
POSTHARVEST PROCEDURES organisms)

THE POSTHARVEST PROCEDURES

Harvesting Reception

Selection,
Cleaning and Pre-cooling
Disinfection

Drying Grading

packing and
other treatments
Packaging

Storage Transport
Reception or it’s is either to the packing house or
to the shaded place which is not exposed directly to
the sun and the preparatory steps for storage to
market is done.
“What is pre-cooling class?
“Ma’am removal of the harvested
produce from the field Ma’am so that it
will not expose to direct sunlight/ high
temperature.”

Yes, that’s right.

Pre-cooling- Pre-cooling refers to the rapid

removal of field heat shortly after the harvest of a
crop. Field heat can be defined as the difference in
temperature between the temperature of the crop
harvested and the optimal storage temperature of
that product. In general the temperature should be
cooled down till it reaches 88% of the existing
difference in temperature and its optimal storage
temperature. Field heat should be removed as fast
as possible since, for most produce, an hour delay
at field conditions of about 35°C will lead to a loss
in shelf-life of about 1 day – even at optimal
storage conditions.

“Then next is the Selection, cleaning and

disinfection”

It means class that in this stage of the commodity

Selection or sorting the process of classifying into
groups designated by the person classifying crops
or commodities the produce either according to set
criteria.

It means class that in this stage of the commodity

Selection or sorting the process of classifying into
groups designated by the person classifying crops
or commodities the produce either according to set
criteria. Sorting is done by hand to remove which is
not suitable to market or storage due to damage by
insects, diseases and mechanical.
Then cleaning before the commodity are marketed
various amounts of cleaning are necessary which
typically involves the removal of soil dust, adhering
debris, insects and pest residue. But we just don’t
need to clean it we need to make sure that we used
clean water for washing our commodity.

There are several types of cleaning:

−1.Washing – dunking, spraying, wiping.
−2. Dry brushing – no water, just brush.
−3. Don’t wash – washing/extra handling can
cause damage, decreasing quality. and because
washing is not enough disinfection needed to apply
to the commodity.

Chlorine in fresh water is often used to disinfect to

wash the commodity.

After that Drying to the excess moisture caused by

washing will be removed then grading will be the
next step it is the process of classifying into groups
to a set recognized criteria of quality and size, each
group bearing an acceptable name and size
grouping.
Then some of the commodities undergo other
treatments like CURING, WAXING.

Then after which the Packing or it is the act of

putting commodities in a container.
The packaging is the process to ensure adequate
protection and safe delivery of the product from the
ultimate consumer. “At the Grocery Ma’am since it was pack
properly compared to the Farmers market
“Pay attention at the grocery store and at farmers that was displayed directly without
markets class to how produce is displayed, what packaging.”
looks good to you?”

“Yes Ma’am”
“Yes that is right and did you know if our
commodity is directly exposed/ displayed it is
subject to pathogen and microorganism that can
contribute to the deterioration of our produce so it
means, it will affect the farmers income, right
class?”

Storage is the next it is the process of keeping crops

in structure designed to protect to stored products
from inclement weather and pest for a short or
longer period of time to await processing or
transport to other location. In the case of fruits and
vegetables it should be stored in specific
temperature since it perishables crops have a short
shelf life compare to the grain crops.

Lastly is the Transport during this step we need to

consider on how it is transported. Is the vehicle
clean and cool? We need to see to it that we should
not load our commodity with a very warm vehicle
it will affect the shelf life of our commodity.

c. Application
 So now I will group you into 3 groups. Then (Students will have their group activity)
answer the following question IN 5 MINUTES

You will identify the cause of losses at the different

points of the system

For Group 1: During Packing (Students present their answers on the

postharvest losses during the movement
For Group 2: during STORAGE. of the commodity from packaging,
storage and transport)
For Group 3: during Transport

“ok class time’s up”

“The first to present is the group 1 followed by the

group 2 the last is the group 3”

“Thank you class. All that you mention was

correct. There is a big losses on our produce during
that time.

During the PACKING;

 Improper postharvest handling

 Delays
 Physical (large packaging bags),
(inappropriate packing materials)
 mechanical (Inappropriate technologies)
 physiological damage

During STORAGE;

 Physical
 physiological damage caused by rough
handling,bacteria,fungus, insects, rodents
and other environmental factors

During TRANSPORT;
Yes Ma’am
 Delays caused Environmental conditions
 Physical (overloading).(poor road
condition),
 mechanical
 physiological damage

So, Am I understood?

IV. GENERALIZATION
 Teacher’s Activity Students Activity

“I know you have learned a lot from this day’s (Students raise their hands)
discussion, so anyone who can summarize the
lesson?

Call 2 students to summarize the topic.

“thank you “
POSTHARVEST HANDLING specifically
involves the movement and the operations that
commodities undergo from harvest to the time
immediately before meal preparation
It main concern is to keep commodities in an
acceptable state from harvest until it reaches
the consumer since most commodities are
transported in their perishable state.
In addition, postharvest handling aims to
minimize losses at the least possible cost.
The existing postharvest environment requires
appropriate technologies to maintain quality of
commodities.
Poor handling of agricultural commodities can
result in quality deterioration and losses.

Is everything clear class? Yes Ma’am!

V. EVALUATION
Please get 1/4 sheet of paper for our short quiz. And answer the following questions.

1. It is the rapid removal of the field heat to the commodity._____________________

2-3 give at least 2 reasons why postharvest is done?
4. Is the stage of crop production immediately following harvest, including cooling, cleaning,
sorting and packing.
5. The main reason for this step is for the appearance of the commodity that will be attractive to
the consumer.
6-15 for 10 points what are the procedures in postharvest.

“Ok Class pass your paper in front.”

Answer Key:
1. Pre-cooling
2-3 Rapid deterioration can occur
Can affect quality of vegetable/fruits (Freshness and nutritional)
Safety of the vegetable/fruits
 4. Postharvest HANDLING
5. Packaging
6-15 harvest-reception-precooling-selection, cleaning and disinfection-drying, grading,-other
treatments-packing and packaging-storage-transport

VI. ASSIGNMENT

Teacher’s Activity Students Activity

For your assignment please research on THE
STORAGE PEST AND DISEASES.
Write it in a 1 whole sheet of paper.

That’s all for today. See you all again next

meeting!

Class dismissed. Good Bye Class! Good bye and Thank you Ma’am!

PREPARED BY: Jenessa V. Romanillos

I have served DepEd for a year now, but I did not follow the recommended lesson
plan format because I didn't know what it was. I saw the format in my colleagues
lesson plans but I couldn't appreciate it.

However, during my teaching demonstration,  I was required to provide a lesson

plan DepEd style. This was my initiation into the 4 A's method and I actually like it.

Here's my lesson plan:

I. OBJECTIVE

1. Identify the relationship between the number of images formed and the angle
between to mirors
2. Use the gathered data to derive the formula for determining the number of
images formed when two mirrors are kept at a certain angle.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Subject: Grade 10 Science

Domain: Force, Motion, and Energy
Module 3: Light - Mirrors and Lenses
Topic: Multiple Images

III. LESSON PROPER

a. PRAYER, CHECKING of ATTENDANCE

b. REVIEW: Call students to write their answers on the board for the following
questions. Then have the class agree with their answers using their thumbs (thumbs
up = agree, thumbs down = disgree, thumbs side ward = undecided)
1. If Maya is 1 m is away from the mirror, her image will be ____ m away from the
mirror.
2. The height and width of a chair is ___________ the height and width of its image
in the plane mirror.
3. The angle of incidence is __________ the angle of reflection.
4. The word "bed" would appear as __________ in a plane mirror.

c. MOTIVATION/ Ice Breaker

Ask students who wants to be rich. Those who wants to be rich would have to tiptoe
and stretch their hands towards the sky.
After their stretching, tell the students that today's activity could be their key to
becoming a millionaire.

d.4A's
1. ACTIVITY 4 Who Wants to be a Millionaire? (p 178-179 of the Learners Manual)
2. ANALYSIS: What is the relationship between the number of images formed and
the angle between the two mirrors?
3. ABSTRACTION: Derive the formula for determining the number of images formed
by two plane mirrors.
4. APPLICATION: How should the mirrors be arranged such that an infinite number
of  images will be formed or seen?

e. EVALUATION
Take a "selfie" or "grouphie" using two or more plane mirrors showing multiple
images.

f. ASSIGNMENT/ Agreement
Read on the types of reflection.