Name and Signature: _____________________________ CYS: _________________

Instructor/Professor: ______________________________ Date: _________________

EXPERIMENT NO.4
HEAT OF COMBUSTIONS

INTRODUCTION:
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Note: emphasize the heat of combustion, and how it was determined during the
experiment.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the experiment, the students will be able to:
1. determine the heats of combustion of the three liquid alcohols per mole.
2. compare the heat of combustion of the three liquid alcohols and
3. relate the number of carbon atoms in an alcohol and its heat of combustion.

PROCEDURES:
1. Weigh the aluminium can and record its mass.
2. Measure 300mL of water and pour it carefully into the can.
3. Insert a thermometer into the can and record its initial temperature (T 1).
4. Place the can in the clamp on the retort stand.
5. Weigh the capped ethanol spirit burner and record the mass.
6. Light the burner and heat the water until the temperature rises by 20 oC.
7. Extinguish the flame and cap the burner. Stir the water gently and record the
maximum temperature reached (T2)
8. Reweigh the spirit burner and determine the mass difference.
9. Repeat the process using propanol and butanol.

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SET-UP

DATA AND RESULTS:

ETHANOL PROPANOL BUTANOL
Mass of aluminum can 14 g 13 g 14 g
Mass of aluminium can + water 312.5 g 315 g 312.7 g
Mass of water 298.5g 302g 298.7g
Initial mass of capped ethanol spirit 140.4g 135.2g 110.5g
burner
Final mass of capped ethanol spirit 136.6g 132.05g 109.5g
burner (after combustion)
Mass of alcohol burnt 3.8g 3.15 0.50
Molar mass of alcohol involved 46.07g/mol 60.095 g/mol 74.12g/mol
Mole of alcohol used 0.08 mol 5.24 mol 0.0067 mol
Initial Temperature of water (T1) 31 31 31
Final temperature of water (T2) 54 50 50
Δ experimental
Δ theoretical (found in guide
question 1)
% error
COMPUTATIONS: (For heat of combustion- experimental and % error)

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Calculate the heat of combustion of the following reactions (show the computation).
Use the enthalpy of formation of the substances given below:
Substances
CO2 (g) -393.5
H2O (l) -285.8
O2 (g) 0
CH3CH2OH -276.98
CH3(CH2)2OH -303.3
 CH3(CH2)3OH -332.8

a. combustion of ethanol

b. combustion of propanol

c. combustion of butanol

2. Draw two graphs (for experimental and theoretical) showing the number of carbon
atoms (x-axis) and heats of combustion (y-axis).
3. Make a generalization on the relationship of the number of carbon atoms and heat of
combustion based on the graph.
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4. Based on the obtained heat of combustion, which among the three alcohols is the best
fuel? Why?
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5. Enumerate possible cause/s of error encountered in the above experiment.
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6. Using the data below (data gathered when 200 g water is heated by unknown fuel),
calculate the heat of combustion (ΔH) of the unknown fuel. Express the answer in
kJ/g.

Initial temperature of water 30°C

Final temperature of water 50°C

 Mass of water 200g

Initial mass of unknown fuel 40.00g

Final mass of unknown fuel 27.00 g

7. A spirit burner used 1.00 g methanol (CH 3OH) to raise the temperature of 100.0 g
water in a metal can from 28.0 0C to 58.00C. Calculate the heat of combustion in
kJ/mol.
8. A 0.5786 g of unknown substance is burned in a constant – volume bomb calorimeter
that has a heat capacity of 1.674 kJ/ 0C. After the reaction, the temperature increased
by 1.432 0C. Find the heat given-off by the burning of the unknown, in kJ/g.

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the data and results, the following conclusions were drawn:
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