‫مصطلحات التبريد وتكييف الهواء‬: Refrigeration and air conditioning terms:

Refrigerant: Refrigerant:.

Any substance that acts as a cooling agent by absorbing heat from another body.

A fluid that produces low temperature by absorbing heat during evaporation at low
pressure, and expelling heat during condensation at high pressure.

Secondary refrigerant: Secondary refrigerant

Any liquid medium used in a secondary cooling assembly for the purpose of transferring
heat from one point to another.

Liquid refrigerant

An evaporated refrigerant cooled to saturation temperature, thus condensing and turning

into a liquid.

Evaporating refrigerant

A refrigerant that has undergone a state change from liquid to vapor in the evaporator of
the refrigeration unit.

Hydrocarbon refrigerant

A refrigerant medium of the paraffinic or olefinic chain, which is composed of different

combinations of the elements hydrogen and carbon. (Butane, methane, ...

Compressor

An essential component of a vapor compression refrigeration assembly. Its function is to

withdraw the evaporating refrigerant at a relatively low pressure from the evaporator,
compress it, and then discharge it to the condenser.

Refrigerating Compressor

An essential component of a vapor compression refrigeration assembly. Its function is to

withdraw the evaporating refrigerant at a relatively low pressure from the evaporator,
compress it, and then discharge it to the condenser. There are three types of refrigeration
compressors operating in steam-compression refrigeration units:

Reciprocating Compressor

It contains a piston that moves in a cylinder of alternating straight movement in two

opposite directions (up and down), as the movement is transmitted to the piston through
the crankshaft, which leads to the completion of the intake and compression strokes of the
cylinder equipped with an intake valve and an expulsion valve.

Rotary Compressor
The moving parts of this compressor are the rotor, the xentric, and the sliding vane.

When the rotor moves around the cylinder, its point of contact, sweeping the
circumference of the cylinder wall, pushes the entire vapor that is in front of the contact
point towards the sliding vane towards the ejection hole, and at this moment when the
contact point has crossed the intake hole, a new batch of refrigerant vapor passes From the
evaporator to the compressor.

Centrifugal Compressor

Also called: Turbo Compressor

It consists of rings of rotating members

Compression occurs as a result of the evaporating refrigerant circulating at a high speed,

and under the influence of the centrifugal force, the refrigerant is ejected to the wall of the
rotor and into the dedicated duct.

Dual effect compressor

Single vane rotary Compressor

Multi vane rotary compressor

Multi stage compressor

Compressor in which the refrigerant is compressed in several stages (such as in a number of

cylinders)

Double stage compressor

Compressor in which the refrigerant is compressed in two stages (for example, in two
cylinders)

Hermatic Compressor: Hermetic Compressor

Compressor in which the electric motor is inside the compressor housing, and the entire
assembly is sealed, and the space of the refrigerant is completely isolated from the
atmosphere. And required that the works for decades without maintenance.

Semi hermatic Compressor

A compressor similar to a hermetic compressor, except that its outer casing is not welded,
but rather connected by bolts and nuts, which allows it to be disassembled for maintenance.

Enclosed Compressor

A piston (reciprocating) compressor in which the cylinders are positioned in the shape of the
letter V or W

Open Compressor
A compressor whose spindle is outside the compressor case, and it requires a gasket to
prevent the refrigerant from leaking and to isolate the space of the refrigerant from the
atmosphere, and it needs control and supervision of its operation.

Refrigerant flow control: Refrigerant flow control

And it is through control valves such as manual or automatic expansion valve.

Refrigerant oil mixture

An important property of the refrigerant is the solubility of the oil refrigerant.

Refrigerant piping

Refrigerant return piping network made of copper, brass or …

Refrigerant effect: cooling effect

The amount of heat absorbed by each 1 kg of refrigerant when it departs from the place to
be cooled.

Refrigerant cylinder

A cylindrical container made of steel, used for storing and transporting refrigerant.

Compressor lubricating oils

Oil specially prepared for the compressor, because it comes into contact with the
refrigerant, and its most important characteristics are:

Chemical stability

It means that the compressor lubricating oil works continuously and for a long time without
the need to change it.

Pour point

It means the lowest temperature at which oil can flow under certain conditions.

Floc point: oil sintering point

It means the temperature at which wax begins to set off from a mixture of 90% refrigerant
and 10% oil (by volume).

Cloud point

It means the temperature at which wax begins to precipitate if it drops to a certain value.

viscosity: viscosity

It is a measure of the ability of a lubricating oil to perform the lubricating function, by

forming a film that encases moving parts and prevents their wear.
Dielectric strength

It is a measure of the resistance of the lubricant to the passage of electric current.

Latent heat

The amount of heat required to be absorbed or expelled by a unit of mass for a substance
to change its state (i.e. to melt, solidify, freeze, evaporate, or condense).

Latent heat of fusion

The amount of heat needed to be added to a substance in order for it to change from a solid
state to a liquid state without a change in temperature.

Latent heat of vaporization

The amount of heat needed to be added to a substance in order for it to change from a
liquid state to a vapor state without a change in temperature.

Latent heat of condensation

The amount of heat that needs to be removed from a vaporized substance in order for it to
turn into a liquid state without a change in temperature or pressure.

Sensible heat

Heat resulting from a change in the temperature of a substance without a change in its
state.

specific heat

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by one degree
Celsius.

: Self contained cooling unit

A group of equipment produced and installed (assembled) in the factory in one package.

Condensing unit

A set consisting of a compressor, its electric motor, a hot gas line, a condenser, and a
receiver tank (when available).

Air cooled condensing units

Units in which the condenser is cooled by air

Water cooled condensing units

Units in which the condenser is cooled by water

Heat transfer
It is a science that studies the process of heat transfer in solid, liquid and gaseous bodies,
and it is a complex process.

It has been divided to facilitate its study and determine its laws into:

Conduction: conductivity, conductivity

It is the diffusion of heat as a result of direct contact, either between particles of one body,
or between bodies in direct contact.

Convection: pregnancy

It is the diffusion of heat as a result of irregular mixing (agitation) of the particles of the
heated fluid (liquid or gas).

Convection is accompanied by conduction due to the presence of direct contact between

particles (particles) of different temperatures.

Radiation

It is the diffusion of heat between two bodies separated from each other by a transparent
medium that allows the diffusion of radiation.

((Radiation: electromagnetic heat waves, 0.8 to 40 microns in length)).

Compined heat transfer

It is heat transfer by convection, conduction and radiation.

Convection heat transfer

It is heat transfer by convection and conduction.

Domestic refrigeration

Domestic refrigeration is concerned with appliances used in homes such as refrigerators and
freezers, and is considered an important part of the refrigeration industry.

Commercial refrigeration

It specializes in designing and installing equipment used in restaurants, hotels, shops, and
specialized institutions... and storing, manufacturing and distributing perishable materials of
various types.

Industerial refrigeration

Specializes in designing, installing and operating equipment used in ice laboratories, dairy
laboratories, and chemical plants... Its equipment is usually large.

Transporation refrigeration: refrigeration in transport modes

It specializes in the design, installation and operation of devices used in refrigerating ships
designated for transporting perishable foodstuffs, liquid gas transport vessels, and fishing
vessels, in addition to cooling warehouses and warehouses in various types of ships.

It also includes equipment used in refrigerated trucks intended for long-distance

transportation, as well as refrigerated railway trucks.

Comfort air conditioning

Air conditioning equipment used to achieve indoor comfort conditions, and includes a set of
equipment used to achieve an indoor atmosphere with certain specifications of
temperature, humidity, air purity and speed.

Industerial air conditioning : industrial air conditioning

It specializes in the places and halls in which some materials are manufactured or stored
that are affected by the air temperature and its humidity, and thus the quality of production
and the characteristics of materials depend on the internal conditions of the air.

Air conditioning: air conditioning

Air conditioning means either treating the air of buildings to make it more suitable for the
comfort and health of the human body, or to provide a suitable atmosphere for some
industrial processes.

Composition of air

Earth's air consists of a gaseous mixture of several gases. The nitrogen gases N2 and oxygen
O2 are the main components of the earth's air.

Psychrometrics: the study of moist air

This science studies the thermodynamic properties of moist air (air + water vapor).

It also studies the amount of moisture in the air, its control, the extent of its impact on
humans, and the various types of materials...

Psychrometric chart: moist air chart

Diagram giving, schematically, the properties and characteristics of moist air, for 1 kg of dry
air.

Knowing that the properties and characteristics of moist air are:

Dry temperature, wet temperature, dew point, specific humidity, relative humidity, specific
volume, enthalpy... (and we will explain it later, God willing).

Dry bulb temperature: the dry temperature

It is the air temperature recorded by any thermometer.

Wet bulb temperature

Useful to know the amount of air humidity.

Dew point temperature: the dew point temperature

It is the temperature at which the air is cooled so that the water vapor begins to condense.

Specific humidity

It is the weight of water vapor mixed with 1 kg of dry air.

Relative humidity

It is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor (in the air) to the saturation pressure of
water vapor (at the same dry temperature).

Adiabatic saturation process

It is the saturation of the air with water vapor without adding or expelling heat from or to
the external medium.

Enthalpy of humid air

Specific volume

Humidification equipment: Humidifiers

Devices that increase the humidity of dry air.

Air washer

A device consisting of one or two rows of water fountains used in air conditioners to
humidify the air.

Humidification tower

A device used in air conditioners to humidify the air.

Evaporative Humidifier

A device used in air conditioners to humidify the air. Featuring the addition of heat to the
water from an external source transmitted to air.

Drops separators

A device that prevents the transfer of water droplets with the conditioned air.

Equipments of measurements, control and protection :

Measuring, regulating and controlling devices

Devices that regulate and monitor the temperature, humidity and pressure inside the air-
conditioned space so that they do not exceed a certain limit.