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1 2 5 1+2+5
+ + = =𝟏
8 8 8 8
2 3 1 2 +3 +1 6 𝟏
+ + = = =𝟏
4 4 4 4 4 𝟐
Addition of Fractions
Dissimilar Fractions
• convert dissimilar fractions to similar (using LCD)
• perform addition of similar fractions
5 1 5 2 𝟕
+ → + =
8 4 8 8 𝟖
1 1 1 6 4 3 13 𝟏
+ + → + + = =𝟏
2 3 4 12 12 12 12 𝟏𝟐
Addition of Fractions
Mixed Numbers
• add the whole numbers, then add fractional parts
1 1 3 2 𝟓
2 + 5 = (2+5) + + =𝟕
2 3 6 6 𝟔
15 8 15 − 8 𝟕
− = =
16 16 16 𝟏𝟔
5 3 (5 − 3) 2 𝟏
− = = =
8 8 8 8 𝟒
Subtraction of Fractions
Dissimilar Fractions
• convert dissimilar fractions to similar (using LCD)
• perform subtraction of similar fractions
2 1 8 3 𝟓
− → − =
3 4 12 12 𝟏𝟐
5 1 20 3 𝟏𝟕
− → − =
6 8 24 24 𝟐𝟒
Subtraction of Fractions
Mixed Numbers
2 1 2 1 𝟏
8 − 3 = (8 − 3) + − =𝟓
5 5 5 5 𝟓
2 1 8 3 𝟓
12 − 8 → 12 − 8 = 𝟒
3 4 12 12 𝟏𝟐
1 3 1 6 9 6 𝟑
23 − 15 → 23 − 15 → 22 − 15 = 𝟕
8 4 8 8 8 8 𝟖
Subtraction of Fractions
Mixed Numbers and Whole Numbers
3 4 3 𝟏
14 − 3 → 13 − 3 = 𝟏𝟎
4 4 4 𝟒
3 8 3 𝟓
25 − 6 → 24 − 6 = 𝟏𝟖
8 8 8 𝟖
2 𝟐
18 − 7 = 𝟏𝟏
5 𝟓
Multiplication of Fractions
Fraction by Another Fraction
1 41 1×1 𝟏
× = =
2
8 7 2 × 7 𝟏𝟒
1 1 1
5 2 4 𝟏
× × =
6 12 2 8 3 15 𝟑𝟔
Multiplication of Fractions
Fraction by a Whole Number
1
2 2 3 1 ×3 3 𝟏
×3 → × = = =𝟏
4 2
4 1 2 ×1 2 𝟐
5
3 25 3 5 ×3 15
25 × → × = = = 𝟏𝟓
5 1 15 1 ×1 1
Multiplication of Fractions
Whole Number by a Mixed Number
1 13 26 𝟏
2 ×3 → 2 × = =𝟔
4 4 4 𝟐
1 41 697 𝟏
17 × 5 → 17 × = = 𝟖𝟕
8 8 8 𝟖
Multiplication of Fractions
Mixed Number by a Mixed Number
3 1 11 3 33 𝟏
2 ×1 → × = =𝟒
4 2 4 2 8 𝟖
Division of Fractions
Fraction by another Fraction
2 3 2 4 𝟖
÷ → × =
3 4 3 3 𝟗
1
12 5 12 17 12 𝟐
÷ → × = =𝟐
17 17 17 5 5 𝟓
1
Division of Fractions
Whole Numbers and Fraction
2 5 3 15 𝟏
5 ÷ → × = =𝟕
3 1 2 2 𝟐
1 6 4 24
6 ÷ → × = = 𝟐𝟒
4 1 1 1
Division of Fractions
Mixed Numbers
• always change mixed numbers to improper
fractions and proceed with division
2
1 1 33 17 33 8 𝟏𝟓
8 ÷2 → ÷ → × =𝟑
4 8 4 8 1
4 17 𝟏𝟕
63
1 1 126 16 126 3 𝟐𝟗
25 ÷ 5 → ÷ → × =𝟒
5 3 5 3 5 16 8 𝟒𝟎
Exercises:
Perform the indicated operation.
1 3 1 2
1. 4
+
8
+
6
−
3
1 2
2. 8− 5 +2
2 5
6 2
3. 3× ÷
27 23
3 5 5
4. 4
×3+ ÷
6 6
17 6 3 3
5. 24
× +
7 14
÷
5
CHANGING FRACTIONS TO DECIMALS
AND PERCENT AND VICE VERSA
Lesson Objectives
3
If we want to change into decimal, we divide 3 by 4:
4
.75
4 3.00 3
- 28 Therefore, = 0.75
4
20
- 20
0
Converting Fractions to Percent
To convert fractions into percent,
we change the fractions into decimal
(by performing division),
and move the decimal point
two places to the right,
then affix the percent symbol (%).
Converting Fractions to Percent
Examples:
1
1. =1 ÷ 2 = .05 = 𝟓𝟎%
2
5
2. 12
=5 ÷ 12 = 0.41666 = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟔𝟕%
8
3. 11
=8 ÷ 11 = 0.72727 = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟑 %
Converting Decimals to Fraction
To change decimals to fraction,
we convert a decimal into a fraction
with a denominator in multiples of 10
(10, 100, 1000, etc.)
and reduce the said fraction
into lowest terms.
Converting Decimals to Fraction
Example:
75
1. 0.75 = 0.75 has two decimal places.
100
75 ÷25 Our denominator has to have
=
100÷25 two zeroes; hence 100.
𝟑
=
𝟒 375
2. 0.375 =
1000
0.375 has three decimal =
375 ÷ 125
1000 ÷125
places. Our denominator 𝟑
should have three zeros; =
𝟖
hence, 1,000.
Converting Decimals to Percent
To convert decimals to percent,
we move the decimal point
two places to the right
and affix the percent sign (%).
1. 45% = 0.45
2. 3% = 0.03
3. 23.56% = 0.2356
4. 100% = 1
Converting Percent to Fraction
P = BR
Finding the Percentage
We find the percentage by
multiplying the base and the rate P = RB
1. Fifty percent of 24 is what?
Given: R = 50% B = 24
1
P = BR = (24)(50%) = (24) = 12
2
2. Twenty-three percent of ₱365 is what?
Given: R = 23% B = ₱365
P = BR = (₱365)(23%) = (₱365)(.23) = ₱83.95
Finding the Base
To find the base, 𝐏
we divide the percentage by the ratio B=
𝐑
1
1. If I have ₱25 which represents of my entire
4
money, how much money do I have in all?
1
Given: P = ₱25 R=
4
P ₱25 4
B = = 1 = ₱25 × = ₱100
R 1
4
Finding the Rate
To find the rate, 𝐏
we divide the percentage by the base R=
𝐁
1. What part of 400 is 50?
Given: B = 400 P = 50
P 50 𝟏
R= = =
B 400 𝟖
2. How many percent of ₱1,200 is ₱400?
Given: B = ₱1,200 P = ₱400
P 400 𝟏
R= = = = 0.333 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑%
B 1200 𝟑
Finding the Rate of Increase/(Decrease)
𝐐𝟐 −𝐐𝟏
Rate of Increase/(Decrease) =
𝐐𝟏
where Q1 = original quantity
Q 2 = new quantity
1 : 2 = 8 : 16
extremes
2. Indirect/inverse proportion
- as one value increases, the other decreases
3. Partitive proportion
- identifying parts of a whole based on a given ratio of
these parts
Direct Proportion
If three notebooks cost ₱15, how many notebooks
can you buy with ₱60?
1
X = × ₱100,000 = ₱20,000
5
2
Y = × ₱100,000 = ₱40,000
5
2
Z = × ₱100,000 = ₱40,000
5
= ₱100,000
Exercises:
1. ₱45.50 is 25% of what amount?
1
2. 3 of 125 is what number?
2
3. What part of 360 is 18?
4. What is the percent of increase/(decrease) of an item on
sale at ₱55 with an original price of ₱125
5. The number of dogs in a park is double the number of
cats, and the number of cats is half the number of birds. If
there are 84 animals in the park, how many of each animal
are there?
6. A fort can be finished by 30 men in 10 days. If 5 of them
decided to leave, how long can the rest do the job?
BUSINESS APPLICATIONS
Lesson Objectives