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Rational Numbers
Rational Numbers
4
4=
1
Types of Rational Numbers
2
• Reduced Fractions:
3
4
• Not Reduced Fractions:
6
1
• Mixed Numbers: 5
4
• Improper Fractions: 6
4 6
• Integers and Whole Numbers:
1
Simplifying Fractions
• Simplifying fractions by dividing the numerator (top
number) and denominator (bottom number) by the
same value.
• Repeat this until there are no more numbers that
divide into both the numerator & denominator.
4 ÷2 2
• Example: =
6 ÷2 3
15 ÷5 3
• Example: =
10 ÷5 2
• Example: 36 ÷6 6
=
42 ÷6 7
Simplifying Fractions
2 4
+
3 5 Common Denominator = 3•5=15.
2 4 2 ⋅5 + 4 ⋅3
+ =
3 5 15
2 4 2 ⋅ 5 + 4 ⋅ 3 22 7
+ = = =1 Simplify if possible.
3 5 15 15 15
More Examples
3 1 18 4 22 22 ÷2 11
1) + = + = = =
4 6 24 24 24 24 ÷2 12
{
Divide to Simplify.
Common Denominator
5 3 5⋅ 2 + 3⋅8 34 34 ÷2 17
2) + = = = =
8 2 8 ⋅2 16 16 ÷2 8
More Examples
−32 32 32
= =−
15 −15 15
More Examples
Change Subtraction to Addition
(Keep-Change-Change.).
1 5 13 11 −13 −11
4) − 3 − 1 =− − = +
4 6 4 6 4 6
3 4 1 7
1) + 2) −
5 3 8 10
2 1 1 1
3) 5 + (−2 ) 4) - 3 −
5 4 2 5
Solutions
3 4 3 ⋅3 + 4⋅ 5 29
1) + = =
5 3 5 ⋅3 15
1 1 7 1 −7 −1 (−7)5 + (−1)2 37
4) - 3 − = − − = + = =−
2 5 2 5 2 5 2 ⋅5 10