INFINITIVES

Active and Passive Infinitives

Active Voice Passive Voice

Simple Tense To Verb To Be + PII
John forgets to lock the John expects to be
door received the first prize
Past Tense To Have + PII To Have Been + PII
The girls were sorry to They were happy to have
have missed the Rock been invited to the Rock
Concert Concert

Full Infinitives and Bare Infinitives (To V and V bare)

Full Infinitives Bare Infinitives

 After certain verb : advise sb,
afford, allow sb, encourage,
hope, intend, invite, manage,
pretend, proceed, promise,
refuse
Ex: He advised me to take a rest
 Modal Verb : can, could, may,
might, should, etc
 Make (= force) , let, help sb
Ex: He let his children play
games TV at the weekends.

 After certain adjective:  Had better/ Would sooner/

amazed, angry, delighted, Would rather
difficult, disgusted, likely, Ex: She would rather spend
obliged, sad, sorry, supposed, money on a holiday than a
unable, etc. concert
Ex: I was glad to hear that he
had been promoted to a manager  After why not to make
suggestion
 After question word (who, Ex: Why not meet again some
what, where, …) days?
Ex : I don’t know where to go (Why don’t we meet again some
days?)
 With impersonal construction
+ adjective
Ex: It was nice of you to fix my
bicycle timely.

 After ordinal number ( the

first, the second, the third)
Ex: Ethan was the last person to
understand the joke.
  Too , Enough, and So As To
Ex: She’s too young to have a
car license

Ex: He’s old enough to drive a

car
Ex: She was so gullible as to
believe his story

 Used as an adverb at the

beginning of the sentence

Note : It should be set off with

comma

Ex: To buy a basket of flowers,

John had to spent his last dollar

Ex: To improve your writing, you

must consider writing purposes
and audiences.

Question:
1. No matter what Jo said she couldn’t make him __ her point
A. to see C. to be seen
B. see D. have seen
2. “So, whose fault was it?” “Jane’s or Brian’s?”
“_ __ fair, they were both partly to blame”.
A. Being C. To be
B. To have been D. Having been