LIST OF FIGURES

NO. PAGE

2.1 Wireless sensor node (Duarte, Hulzink, Zhou, and etc., 2011). 8

2.2 Energy costs and power consumption for typical circuits in bio-sensor 9
applications (Chen, Chandrakasan & Stojanović, 2012).

3.1 Flow chart of Huffman encoder. 16

3.2 Sorted probability. 18

3.3 Programming code for adding and creating Huffman tree. 18

3.4 Binary bits for Huffman Code. 20

3.5 Programming code for assigning binary bits onto Huffman tree. 20

3.6 Programming code for generating Huffman code. 21

3.7 Flow chart of Huffman decoder. 22

3.8 Programming code for Huffman decoder. 26

3.9 Top level of the Huffman encoder. 27

3.10 Block diagram for Data Retriever. 28

3.11 Block diagram for Frequency Calculator. 29

3.12 Block diagram for Probability Calculator. 30

3.13 Block diagram for Huffman Tree Generator. 31

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3.14 State machine flow for Huffman Tree Generator. 35

3.15 Block diagram for Huffman Code Generator. 36

3.16 ASIC process flow. 38

3.17 Temperature data in 2012 for all cases. 41

3.18 Average humidity data in 2012 for all cases. 42

3.19 ECG data for a healthy patient for 2 minute (best case). 43

3.20 ECG data for an apnea patient for 2 minute (typical case). 43

3.21 ECG data for an epilepsy patient for 2 minute (worst case). 44

3.22 A part in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland story. 45

3.23 A part in a c programming file. 45

3.24 A part in the random symbol sequences. 45

4.1 Temperature of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2008 until 2012. 49

4.2 Temperature of Cairo, Egypt in 2008 until 2012. 51

4.3 Temperature of Seoul, South Korea in 2008 until 2012. 53

4.4 Humidity of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2008 until 2012. 55

4.5 Humidity of Cairo, Egypt in 2008 until 2012. 57

4.6 Humidity of Seoul, South Korea in 2008 until 2012. 59

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4.7 ECG for healthy patient for 1 minute. 61

4.8 ECG for apnea patient for 1 minute. 63

4.9 ECG for epilepsy patient for 1 minute. 65

4.10 Initialized memory in Huffman encoder. 71

4.11 Write data into memory in Data Retriever part. 71

4.12 Data sample in DIM module. 72

4.13 Timing analysis for Frequency Calculator part. 73

4.14 Sample and its respective frequency in ADM module (left) and FADM 74
module (right).

4.15 Timing analysis for Probability Calculator part. 75

4.16 Probabilities in ADM module and FADM module. 75

4.17 Timing analysis for Tree Generator part. 76

4.18 Timing analysis for Huffman Code Generator part. 78

4.19 Generating Huffman Code by assigning binary bits. 79

4.20 RTL block diagram for Probability Calculator. 84

4.21 Gate level block diagram for Probability Calculator. 85

4.22 Architecture of Huffman encoder. 86

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